Hill

until late afternoon; on the 29th his division and
that of Longstreet were marched to meet Mc-
Clellan as he hastened to his new base on the
James River; the next day, he and Longstreet
assailed the Federals at Frazier's Farm. These
three engagements decimated Hill's command
but they showed him to be prompt and aggres-
sive. His men became very proud of their title,
"Hill's Light Division," bestowed or adopted be-
cause of the speed of their march.

Following some friction with Longstreet, in
July 1862, Hill was sent to reenforce Jackson,
who was facing Pope in northern Virginia. Ef-
fective cooperation was impaired by Jackson's
reticence, though Hill retrieved disaster to Jack-
son at Cedar Mountain by his prompt arrival on
the Confederate left on the afternoon of Aug. 9.
Hill's command next moved with Jackson to
Manassas, where he held the left of Jackson's
line and sustained repeated heavy assaults on
Aug. 29 and 30. In the Maryland campaign,
Hill participated with Jackson in the capture of
Harper's Ferry and was assigned to execute the
details of the surrender, but he hastened on to
Sharpsburg (Antietam) and arrived just in
time to throw his troops on the Federals who
were breaking the Confederate right. At Fred-
ericksburg, on Dec. 13, 1862, Hill was again on
the right, where gaps in his line, due to ignorance
of the ground, offered an opening to the Fed-
erals. The latter broke through and caused heavy
loss to one of his brigades but were later repulsed.

Hill shared in Jackson's famous flanking
movement at Chancellorsville and directed the
assault, after Jackson was wounded, until himself
rendered hors de combat. In the reorganization
that followed the death of Jackson, the army was
divided into three corps. The third of these was
entrusted to Hill, who was made lieutenant-gen-
eral on May 23,1863. In the Pennsylvania cam-
paign, his corps found the Federals around Get-
tysburg and, without waiting for orders from
Lee, moved against them. The battle that fol-
lowed on July i was directed by Hill and was
the only large engagement of the war in which
the initiative and whole responsibility rested with
him. During the forenoon his troops were very
roughly handled and lost heavily, but in the af-
ternoon, having been reenforced, he drove back
the Federals and ended the day with 5,000 pris-
oners. On July 2, part of his corps took up the
offensive that spread from the Confederate left,
but the charge of the various brigades was not
coordinated, and the assault, which should have
extended to the flank of Hill's corps, terminated
on hi5 front, On the third day, ten of his bri-

Hill
gades were placed under Longstreet's direction
for the final assault on Cemetery Ridge.
In the Wilderness, Hill's troops more than
held their own on May 5, 1864, but two days
later they were outflanked in part and probably
would have met disaster but for the arrival of
Longstreet's men. At this juncture, with Long-
street wounded, Hill was incapacitated by ill-
ness and was absent from May 8 to May 21. He
was then engaged, though not heavily, in the
operations from the North Anna to Cold Harbor,
and when Grant crossed the James and opened
the siege of Petersburg was moved to the lines
in front of that city. There he remained for the
ensuing eight and a half months, sharing in
most of the battles and raids on the Confederate
right. Late in March 1865 he procured brief
sick-leave and left the lines to recuperate at his
temporary home in Petersburg. On Apr. 2, how-
ever, alarmed at the situation, he returned to
duty and was killed a few minutes later by the
fire of two Pennsylvania soldiers, as he rode
forward to rally his men, who had been driven
from their lines by the final Federal assault. He
is buried under a monument erected on the out-
skirts of Richmond, Va., by his former soldiers.
Hill participated in all the great battles of the
Army of Northern Virginia from the time Lee
took command, except for the operations around
Spotsylvania Court House. Genial, approachable,
and affectionate in private life, he was restless
and impetuous in action. He did not hesitate to
risk heavy losses for substantial gains, but he
was prompt in moving his troops, maintained
good discipline, and had the good opinion of his
subordinates and the unquestioning confidence of
his soldiers.
[Scarcely any of Hill's private papers have been pre-
served. The sketch in Confed. Mil. Hist. (1899), I,
679-81 is very inadequate. Probably the best critical
review of his generalship appears incidentally in E, P.
Alexander, Mil. Memoirs of a Confed. (1907). The
main sources are his reports and correspondence in War
of the Rebellion: Official Records (Army), i ser., vols.
XI (pt. i), XI (pt. 2), XII (pt. 2>, XIX (pt. i), XXI,
XXV (pt. i), XXVII (pt. *). Hill seems to have filed
no report after that on Gettysburg. Good accounts of
his death appear in Sou. Hist. Soc. Papers, vols. XI,
XII, XIX, XX (1883-92). Details of his standing at
West Point are from the manuscript records of the
Mil. Acad. G. W. Cullum, Biog. Reg. of the Officers and
Grads. of the U. S. Mil. Acad., vol. II (1891), gives
his pre-war assignments to duty. Mrs. Lucy Hill Mac-
gill, the only survivor of his four children, has supplied
details of his parentage and marriage, and other per-
sonal information. See also R. T. Green, Geneal. and
Hist. Notes on Culpeper County, Va. (1900).] D.S.F.
HILL, BENJAMIN HARVEY (Sept. 14,
i823-Aug. 16, 1882), Georgia statesman, son of
John and Sarah (Parham) Hill, was born in
Jasper County, Ga., the seventh of nine children.
His father had gone to Georgia from North