Hill

the humane and natural labor economy. After
the war, he rejoiced in release from the "Prome-
thean rock" of slavery. Opposed to secession
before the event, he supported the Davis govern-
ment when original secessionists deserted. He
was opposed to voluntary acceptance of the Re-
construction Acts, but when these had been exe-
cuted and their principles incorporated into or-
ganic law he advised submission to them and an
advance to new issues. In regard to slavery, he
changed his views: in regard to secession and re-
construction, he altered his policies with al-
tered circumstances.

[B. H. Hill, Jr., Senator Benjamin H. Hill, His Life,
Speeches and Writings (1891), contains a slender filial
sketch, but is chiefly valuable for the large collection
of speeches, letters, and other writings. Haywood J.
Pearce, Jr., Benjamin H. Hill, Secession and Recon-
struction (1928), is a critical study of the public career
of Hill, with an extensive bibliography. Uncritical
sketches of Hill are in W. J. Northen, Men of Mark in
Ga.t vol. Ill (1911) ; L. L. Knight, Reminiscences of
Famous Georgians (1907), vol. I; John C. Reed, "Rem-
iniscences of Ben Hill/' South Atlantic Quart,, Apr.
1906. House Report No. 22, pts. 6, 7, 42 Cong., 2 sess.,
contains Hill's own narrative and estimate of his Civil
War and Reconstruction career. A long obituary by
Henry W. Grady is in Atlanta Constitution, Aug. 17,
l88s-J H.J.P—ejr.

HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (July 12, 1821-
Sept 24, 1889), soldier, educator, was born in
York District, S. C., the son of Solomon and
Nancy (Cabeen) Hill. His grandfather, Wil-
liam Hill [#.z>.], was a noted ironmaster and
Revolutionary soldier. His father died in 1825
and his mother gave to the boy her own strong
Presbyterian convictions. Ambitious for a mili-
tary career, Hill entered West Point in 1838,
graduating four years later in a class destined
to furnish a dozen generals to the Civil War.
After unimportant experiences on the Maine
border and in garrisons, he participated in most
of the significant engagements of the Mexican
War, being brevetted captain after Churubusco
and major after Chapultepec, and receiving a
sword of honor from South Carolina at the close
of the struggle. Having resigned from the army
on Feb. 28, 1849, he became professor of mathe-
matics in Washington College (now Washing-
ton and Lee University), Lexington, Va. He
was married, Nov. 2, 1852, to Isabella Morrison,
daughter of a former president of Davidson Col-
lege. Partly because of this connection, partly
because of denominational allegiance, he went in
1854 to Davidson to serve as professor of math-
ematics. Remaining until 1859, he then accept-
ed appointment as superintendent of the North
Carolina Military Institute at Charlotte.

When the Civil War began he organized in
Raleigh, at the invitation of Gov. John Willis
Ellis, the state's first instruction camp. He was

Hill
then named colonel of the ist North Carolina, a
unit which he led at Big Bethel, after which en-
gagement he was promoted, in September 1861,
brigadier-general; in the following March he
became a major-general. His division defeated
Silas Casey's force in the fighting at Seven
Pines, and won generous praise from Lee for its
share in the Seven Days' battle. Commanding
at South Mountain in September 1862, with
fewer than 5,000 men according to his own state-
ment, he held in check for several hours a much
larger force of Federals and protected Lee's
trains. E. A. Pollard (The Lost Cause, 1867,
p. 314) brought the charge that Hill through
carelessness permitted Lee's famous "lost dis-
patch" of the Maryland campaign to fall into the
hands of McClellan; but Hill made convincing
denial of this (The Land We Love, February
1868; Southern Historical Society Papers, XIII,
1885, p. 420). After brief service in North Caro-
lina in the spring of 1863, he was recalled to
defend Richmond while Lee went into Pennsyl-
vania, and in July, named lieutenant-general,
was sent to aid Braxton Bragg [q.v.~\. After
Chickamauga, he signed the petition asking the
removal of Bragg on grounds of incompetence;
James Longstreet affirms (From Manassas to
Appomattox, 1896, p. 465) that Hill composed
this paper, but there is no further -evidence of
the charge. (See A very, post, p. 55(5.) Davis,
sympathetic with Bragg, refused to send Hill's
appointment as lieutenant-general to the Senate,
and relieved him of his command until the battle
at Bentonville, when a remnant of his old division
was again given to him. He surrendered with
Joseph E. Johnston.
Settling in Charlotte after the war, Hill estab-
lished, in 1866, The Land We Love, a monthly
magazine, and three years later, The Southern
Home, a weekly paper. Purposing chiefly the
"vindication of the truth of Southern history/'
Hill became interested in the necessity for new
and broader education in the South, with par-
ticular emphasis upon industrial and agricultural
training. He accepted in 1877 the presidency of
the University of Arkansas which he held until
1884. Then, after a year's rest, he directed the
Middle Georgia Military and Agricultural Col-
lege (later Georgia Military College) until 1889,
He died in Charlotte and was buried in the
cemetery at Davidson College,
Before the Civil War, Hill did miscellaneous
writing, including a textbook, Elements of Alge-
bra (1857), and several religious tracts. After
the war he contributed to his own publications,
principally material relating to the war, and to
several historical collections, notably Battles and