Himes

science. In 1869 he was appointed on the United
States government expedition to observe at Ot-
tumwa, Iowa, the total eclipse of the sun. His
official report appeared in the Journal of the
Franklin Institute, October 1869; and in addi-
tion he published Some of the Methods and Re-
sults of Observation of the Total Eclipse of the
Sun, August 7th, 1869 (1869). From 1872 to
1879 he was associated with Spencer Fullerton
Baird [q.vJ] of the Smithsonian Institution in
the preparation of the Annual Record of Science
and Industry for 1871-78 (8 vols., 1872-79). In
1884 he organized at Mountain Lake Park, Md,
the first summer school of photography. He
published many articles of scientific and peda-
gogical interest, among which are "On the Con-
vergence of the Optic Axes in Binocular Vision"
(American Journal of Photography, September
1862); "Discussion of the Phenomenon of the
Horizontal Moon by Aid of the Stereoscope"
(British Journal of Photography, Sept 30,
1864); "Actinism" (Journal of the Franklin
Institute, May 1885) ; "The Stereoscope and Its
Applications" (Ibid., May, June 1887); "Ama-
teur Photography in Its Educational Relations"
(Ibid., May 1889); "The Making of Photog-
raphy" (Ibid., December 1899); "Photographic
Record Work" (Ibid., March 1900); "Treat-
ment of Written Historical Documents for Pres-
ervation" (Ibid., March 1907). He also pub-
lished Heinrich Will's Tables for Qualitative
Chemical Analysis, translated and enlarged, in
1867; A Sketch of Dickinson College (1879);
The True John Dickinson (1912); Col Robert
Magaw, the Defender of Fort Washington
(1915); and Life and Times of Judge Thomas
Cooper (1918).

On Jan. 2, 1868, he married Mary Elizabeth
Murray, and two daughters were born to them.
At Dickinson College he was active in the affairs
of the Phi Kappa Sigma fraternity, of which
he was one of the founders. His death occurred
in Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore.

[Bioff, Annals of Cumberland County, Pa. (1905);
J. W. Jordan, Encyc. of Pa. Biog., vol. II (1914) ; Pa,-
German Soc. Proc. and Addresses, vol. VII (1897),
vol. XXX (1924) ; Carlisle Herald, Dec. 7, 1918; Bal-
timore American, Dec. 8, 1918; information from
daughter, Mrs. P. E. Vale; personal acquaintance.]

J.F.M.

HIMES, JOSHUA VAUGHAN (May 19,
i8os-July 27, 1895), reformer, a leader in the
Second Advent movement, was born in North
Kingstown, R. L, the son of Stukeley Himes, a
West India trader, and Elizabeth (Vaughan)
Himes. It had been the intention of the father
to educate Joshua at Brown University for the
ministry of the Episcopal Church, but in 1817

Himes
an unfaithful captain absconded with a ship and
cargo, ruining the elder Himes financially. The
boy was then apprenticed to a cabinetmaker in
New Bedford. During his apprenticeship he be-
came an exhorter and in 1827 he entered the
ministry of the Christian Church and was as-
signed to evangelistic work in southern Massa-
chusetts. In 1830 he was called to Boston as
pastor of the First Christian Church. Seven
years later he organized the Second Christian
Church, of which he remained in charge until
1842. Under his labors it grew from a little
handful to such numbers that the Chardon Street
Chapel with a capacity of about five hundred
was built. Through the influence of William
Lloyd Garrison, he became active in the aboli-
tionist movement, and he took a prominent part
in other reforms of the day. He helped to organ-
ize the Non-resistance Society of Boston in the
late thirties, and promoted a manual-training
school.
In 1839 he met William Miller, who was
preaching that the second coming of Christ was
likely to occur about 1843. He accepted Miller's
teaching and became his chief assistant. An agi-
tator and a reformer by nature, he turned his
restless energy to the crusade of preparing the
world for Christ's coming. He organized and
financed the Adventist publishing work and at
thirty-five years of age was one of the outstand-
ing publicity agents of his day. Previous to his
meeting with Himes, Miller had been a rather
obscure figure working in the rural sections. As
if by magic, Himes opened the great cities to
his captain, and within three years Miller's name
and doctrine were on the lips of every one. He
became a veritable Aaron to the Moses of the
Advent movement. Early in 1840 he began at
Boston the publication of Signs of the Times.
This grew into a vigorous weekly. In 1842 The
Midnight Cry was established in New York,
running for one month as a daily and thereafter
as a weekly. A huge tent was purchased and
Miller and Himes journeyed from city to city
holding immense meetings, warning the world
of the near advent of Christ. In the larger
places visited, papers were started and within
two years flourishing little journals had been
established in Philadelphia, Rochester, Cincin-
nati, and elsewhere. Under his direction tracts,
pamphlets, and books streamed from the press
for distribution to the ends of the earth. Litera-
ture was placed on the ships leaving New York;
bundles of papers were mailed to post offices and
newspaper offices for free distribution* Owing
to his direct connection with the publishing work
and to the fact that he handled large sums of