Hindman

money, the press accused him of insincerity and
of enriching himself at the expense of his credu-
lous followers. These charges he readily dis-
proved and stood acquitted in the public eye. He
was not without faults, however, for at a church
trial a few years later some of his earlier actions
were shown to be questionable; but his short-
comings appear to have been due to personal
weakness in time of stress rather than to insin-
cerity.

Bitterly disappointed that Christ did not ap-
pear in 1843 or J844, he looked for his coming
in 1854 but was again disappointed. In the late
fifties he sold the Advent Herald (formerly
Signs of the Times) at Boston and moved West,
publishing the Advent Christian Times in Bu-
chanan, Mich., and Chicago, for some years.
Because of differences arising between him and
the Advent Christian denomination of which he
had become a member, he left it, and in 1878 re-
turned to the Episcopal Church, although his
views on the Advent remained unchanged. The
following year he took charge of the Vermilion
and Elk Point missions, South Dakota, and at
the time of his death was rector of St. Andrew's
Episcopal Church, Elk Point. He was twice
married: first, in 1826, to Mary Thompson
Handy, who died in 1876 ; and second, in 1879,
to Hannah Harley.

[See E. N. Dick, "The Adventist Crisis 1831-1844"
(1930), a doctoral dissertation (MS.) at the Univ. of
Wis. ; J. N. Arnold, Vital Record of R. /., 1836-1850,
vol. V (1894); I. C Wellcome, Hist, of the Second
Advent Message and Mission, Doctrine and People
(1874) ; M. E. Olsen, A Hist, of the Origin and Prog-
ress of Seventh Day Adventists (1925) ; Evening Ar-
gus-Leader (Sioux Falls, S. D.), July 29, 1895. A pho-
tograph of Himes's signature (Dick, ante) shows that
he spelled his middle name "Vaughan."]

HINDMAN, THOMAS CARMICHAEL

(Jan. 28, i828-Sept. 28, 1868), lawyer, states-
man, soldier, was born in Knoxville, Tenn., the
son of Thomas Carmichael and Sallie (Holt)
Hindman. In 1832 the elder Hindman moved
with his family to Jacksonville, Ala., where he
served as an agent for the federal government in
Indian affairs, then in 1841 he moved to Mis-
sissippi and established a large plantation near
Ripley. Young Thomas was sent to the local
schools in Jacksonville and Ripley and for four
years attended the Classical and Commercial
High School at Lawrenceville, N. J. At the out-
break of the Mexican War he at once volunteered,
was made a lieutenant on the battle-field for con-
spicuous bravery, and served throughout the
war. Soon after returning from the war he was
admitted to the bar. He was interested in poli-
tics, and, being able as a speaker, in 1851 he can-
vassed northern Mississippi in behalf of Jeffer-

Hindman

son Davis against Henry S. Foote in the notable
campaign for governor. In 1854 he was himself
elected to the legislature. In 1856 he moved to
Helena, Ark., where he resumed the practice of
law, and that year canvassed the district against
the American party. Two years later, on the
Democratic ticket, he was elected to Congress,
where he took an active part in the contest over
the election of speaker in 1859. He was reflected
in 1860 but never took his seat.

In the state election of 1860 Hindman and
others joined in a revolt against the "Johnson
family," which had controlled the local Demo-
cratic party since the state had been admitted to
the Union, and brought out Henry M. Rector
[#.#.], who gained the election in opposition to
R. H, Johnson, the regular nominee. After the
election of Lincoln Hindman met Foote in a
joint debate in Memphis, where Hindman took
the position that the time for state action had
come. On Jan. 8,1861, by which time President
Buchanan was becoming less yielding to the
South, Hindman and Senator R. W. Johnson
advised the people of Arkansas to secede. The
state convention which assembled on Mar. 4 sub-
mitted the question to the people to be voted upon
Aug. 5. Hindman and others stumped the Union
counties, but upon the bombardment of Fort
Sumter, the convention reassembled and took
the state into the Confederacy without waiting
for a vote of the people. Because of trouble with
Rector over martial law and conscriptions, Hind-
man deserted him in 1862 and supported Harris
Flanagin [q.v.'] for governor.

As soon as Arkansas seceded Hindman re-
signed from Congress, raised a regiment, and
was soon in active service as a colonel. He dis-
played unusual military capacity and soon rose
to the rank of major-general. He was assigned
to the Trans-Mississippi Department, with head-
quarters in Arkansas, and assumed the task of
appeasing those who were displeased with Davis'
policy of stripping the West of troops. Being too
vigorous in enforcing conscription and imposing
martial law, he aroused great opposition among
the politicians. To allay this opposition Gen. T.
H. Holmes was sent to supersede him. There-
upon Hindman took the field and fought with
credit the drawn battle of Prairie Grove, Dec. 7,
1862, and soon thereafter, at his own request, he
was transferred to the East and took part in the
fighting around Chattanooga. While serving
under Johnston against Sherman on the road to
Atlanta he was so badly wounded in the eye that
he was disqualified for further service. After
the war he retired to Mexico to engage in coffee
planting, but his wife did not like her new sur-

61