Hitchcock instituted sweeping- and relentless investigations which disclosed a far-reaching system of fraud in the administration of the public lands. The great difficulties confronting him in the prose- cution of the conspirators were accentuated by the elements of collusion, espionage, bribery, and falsification of the records, as well as by the po- litical influence of many against whom the de- partment was proceeding in civil and in criminal suits. President Roosevelt gave material assist- ance, however; incompetent and corrupt federal officials were removed, and experts were em- ployed to secure evidence. In this prosecution Hitchcock proved to be a man of iron will. He was bitterly opposed by Western politicians, who believed that the policies of the administration were designed to retard the development of their section. Pressure was exerted to stop him and unsuccessful appeals made to Roosevelt to ask for his resignation. So extensive were the investi- gations that 1,021 persons in twenty states were indicted for land and timber frauds, and con- victions numbered 126 when Hitchcock retired in 1907 (Annual Report of the Secretary of the Interior, 1906, pp. 18-30). The secretary was not satisfied with the results. "Efforts made to release it [the public domain] from the grip of its despoilers have met with every embarrass- ment that human ingenuity could devise," he wrote (Ibid., p. 4). His administrative methods probably made his exacting task more difficult. He was cold and formal in manner, collected in speech, and utterly impervious to the persua- sions and influence of hard-headed men of af- fairs or of genial politicians. During the latter part of his term he developed, and with reason, a suspicious attitude toward many politicians which highly irritated party leaders (Selections from the Correspondence of Theodore Roosevelt and Henry Cabot Lodge, 1925, II, 76-77). Hitchcock fought successfully to preserve for the Indians of the Five Tribes their magnificent inheritance of oil and gas lands, and to prevent selfish corporate interests from acquiring, in vio- lation of the law, valuable mineral rights. He introduced many notable administrative improve- ments, especially in the procedure for leases, for the limiting of timber-cutting, and for the con- duct of Indian affairs. Important reclamation projects were initiated under the law of 1902. It seems certain that Roosevelt and Hitchcock were in entire accord in the sweeping executive or- ders of 1906-07 which enlarged the forest re- serves and withdrew the mineral lands from exploitation (Messages and Papers of the Presi- dents, vol. X, 1912, pp. 7682-85). This vigor- ous policy aroused violent hostility among the Hitchcock anti-conservationists in Congress, led by Sena- tors Carter, Fulton, and Heyburn. During the last months of Hitchcock's administration, an attack which threatened censure was launched against him, led by a group of Western senators (Congressional Record, 59 Cong., 2 Sess., pp. 1934 ff. and 1959 ff.)- He maintained his usual silence; praise and blame were to him alike su- perfluous and distasteful. In 1903 and in 1905 he had desired to resign but had remained in office at the earnest request of the President "Feeling that the very exhausting work he had engaged in for over eight years was wearing on him," he left the cabinet in March 1907. His resignation, it was both alleged and denied, was not unwelcome to Roosevelt (Washington Her- ald, Apr. 10, 1909; Washington Evening Star, Apr. 9, 1909). After two years of retirement, Hitchcock died in Washington, recognized by the country as a devoted and courageous public ser- vant. [Collection of clippings and articles in the possession of Hitchcock's daughter, Mrs. John F. Shepley, St. Louis; Fifty Years in Camp and Field (1909) by Hitch- cock's uncle, Gen. E. A. Hitchcock, ed. by W. A. Crof- fut; M. L. J. Hitchcock, The Geneal. of the Hitchcock Family (1894) J Who's Who in America, 1908-09; W. B. Stevens, St. Louis: the Fourth City (1911), vol. II; Annual Reports of the Secretary of the Interior, 1900- 06; Cong. Record, 59 Cong., 2 Sess,; John Ise, U. S. Forest Policy (1920) ; Rev. of Revs. (N, Y.), Jan. 1907; Outlook, Feb. 23, 1907.] T. S.B. HITCHCOCK, FRANK [See MURDOCH, FRANK HITCHCOCK, d. 1872]. HITCHCOCK, HENRY (July 3, i82p-Mar. 18, 1902), lawyer, soldier, first dean of St. Louis Law School (now Washington University School of Law), was of English and Irish ancestry. Descended from Luke Hitchcock, freeman of New Haven, Conn., in 1644, Henry was a great- grandson of Ethan Allen, a nephew of Gen, Ethan Allen Hitchcock, and a brother of Ethan Allen Hitchcock [qq.v.], secretary of the interior under President Roosevelt He was born in Ala- bama, the son of Henry and Anne (Erwin) Hitchcock. His father, a Vermonter by birth and education, was a distinguished lawyer and chief justice of the Alabama supreme court Young Hitchcock graduated from the Univer- sity of Nashville (B.A. 1846) and from Yale (B.A. 1848). After a year's experience as teach- er in a Massachusetts high school and two years as student in a Nashville law office, he went to St Louis in 1851 and was admitted to the bar. On Mar. 5, 1857, he was married to Mary Col- lier, who, with their two children, survived him. Hitchcock's professional career was long, suc- cessful, brilliant, and marked by sensitiveness to public welfare. Opposed to the extension of slav- 75: