Hittell

more serious works were: The Evidences against
Christianity (2 vols., 1856); The Resources of
California (1863), which went through several
editions; The Commerce and Industries of the
Pacific Coast (1882); A History of the Mental
Growth of Mankind (4 vols., 1889-93) ; and The
Spirit of the Papacy (1895). These works re-
veal his practical, unorthodox spirit. He also
dabbled in phrenology and published A New Sys-
tem of Phrenology in 1857. As a friend of Jose
Limantour, he espoused that adventurer's spuri-
ous claim to a large part of the pueblo lands of
San Francisco, though he later repudiated his
defense in an article in the Hesperian, June 1860.
Possibly his most valuable book, aside from his
statistical studies, was A History of the City of
San Francisco, and Incidentally of the State of
California (1878). Much of his work was done
for the publishing house of H. H, Bancroft. His
final publication was Reform or Revolution?
(1900), in which he lamented the decadence of
government in the United States and proposed a
reform of the Constitution. He was for many
years historian of the Society of California Pi-
oneers. He was never married.

[Manuscript autobiography in the possession of the
Society of California Pioneers; Quart, of the Soc* of
Cal. Pioneers, Mar. 31, 1925 ; Who's Who in America,
1899-1900; Gen. Cat. of the Grads. and Former Stu-
dents of Miami Univ.f 1809-1909.} H.I. P.

HITTELL, THEODORE HENRY (Apr.
5, i83O-Feb. 23, 1917), writer, lawyer, was born
at Marietta, Pa., the son of Dr. Jacob and Cath-
erine (Shertzer) Hittell, and brother of John
Shertzer Hittell \_q.v.]. His father moved to
Ohio in 1831 and practised medicine at Hamil-
ton for thirty-four years. Theodore's early edu-
cation was acquired in public and Catholic
schools and in his father's drug store. In 1845
he entered Miami University but finished at Yale
in 1849. From ^52 to 1855 he practised law in
Hamilton, in the latter year following his brother
John to California, where he began as a news-
paper man in the turbulent San Francisco of the
fifties. He soon joined the Bulletin, then edited
by James King, upon whose death he became
editor, so serving until 1860. During part of
Lincoln's campaign he edited the San Francisco
Dvtty Times as a stanch Unionist He had, on
June 12, 1858, married Elise Christine Wiehe,
whose father had served with Bliicher at Water-
loo. She was active in the California Academy
of Sciences, founder of the San Francisco Found-
ling Asylum and of the Silk Culture Society of
California, and a patron of manual-training
schools and museums. She died in 1900. Sur-
viving their parents were three of a family of
four children.

Hoadley
Specializing in civil practice, Hittell was law
partner of Elisha Cook from 1862 to 1867, and
of John B. Felton until 1877, handling many
famous land suits which made him an expert in
California land titles and gave him penetrating
knowledge of the history of the state. In 1879
he was elected state senator from San Francisco,
in which capacity (1880-82) he redrafted the
code of civil procedure and was largely respon-
sible for the statutes of 1880. He continued his
law practice until 1906. Meanwhile, he pub-
lished several books. His first, The Adventures
of James Capen Adams (1860, 1911), told the
entrancing story of the famous Sierra bear-hun-
ter. Of four meritorious legal works the most
widely known was The General Laws of Cali-
fornia (1865, 1872). He also composed Stephen
J. Field's Personal Reminiscences of Early Days
in California (dictated 1877, coypright 1893).
But his reputation as an author rests most se-
curely upon his History of California (4 vols.,
1885-97), the first serious and orderly statement
of the subject. In this research he calendared or
copied many priceless documents from the Cali-
fornia archives, which were burned in the disas-
ter of 1906. The value of the last two volumes is
enhanced through the author's having often been
eye-witness or actor in the events recorded. The
work is still the best-written history of the state,
and is unchallenged for its authority upon legal
questions involved. Hittell also wrote a "His-
toric Account of the California Academy of Sci-
ences, 1853-1903," which was partly burned in
1906 when it was in process of being printed.
He rewrote the last part, bringing the narrative
down to 1906. His other unpublished works in-
clude a history of Hawaii, an account of Wil-
liam Walker the filibuster, and his own remi-
niscences, the latter uncompleted. Through his
advice James Lick made the California Academy
of Sciences and the Society of California Pi-
oneers his residual legatees, and each institution
thus received over half a million dollars.
EG. W. Dickie, L. M. Loomis, Ransom Pratt, "In
Memoriam: Theodore Henry Hittell," Proc. Cal. Acad.
of Sci., 4 sen, vol. VIII, no. I (1918); Who's Who in
America, 1918-19; Record of the Graduated Members
of the Class of 1849 of Yale Coll (1884) ; Obit. Record
of Yale Grads., 1916-17; San Francisco Chronicle, Feb.
24, 1917-] HIP
HOADLEY, DAVID (Apr. 29, 1774-July
i839)» styled "the self-taught architect/' was
born at Waterbury, Conn., a son of Lemuel and
Urania (Mallory) Hoadley, and a descendant of
William Hoadley (or Hoadle) who settled in
Branford, Conn., in 1668. His father was a
farmer. Silas Hoadley, the clock-maker, was a
kinsman. David began as a house-carpenter but
with an aptitude for architectural design amount-