Hodge

next year, he succeeded him as professor of the-
ology. During his nine years at Princeton he
did his strongest and most characteristic work.

Hodge's books give little indication of the per-
sonal qualities which made him an inspiring in-
fluence on his students and others. He won con-
fidence and affection by his honesty, frankness,
generosity, and beaming good-nature. His co-
pious talk abounded with lively humor, audaci-
ties of thought and phrase, and gleams of imagi-
nation by turns brilliant and quaint. In his
teaching and writings he upheld with conviction
his father's Calvinistic theology, prolonging its
reign at Princeton and its power in American
religious life. His Outlines of Theology (1860,
1879), which had extensive long-continued use
as a textbook, is a dry precise statement of the
elder Hodge's doctrine, clearly analytical and
dogmatically positive. The theology in his teach-
ing, however, especially at Princeton, was not
what it was In his scholastic and severely ortho-
dox writing. Less learned than his father, he
was broader, because of more varied experi-
ence, wider reading, and richer human sympa-
thies. In his theological discussions there was
considerable speculative originality, with flashes
of mystical insight, the issue of his fervid per-
sonal religion. Thus his teaching had a peculiar
freedom and quickening power. His most mem-
orable quality, however, was his extraordinary
gift of illustration, bringing into play his wealth
of mind and nature. Suggestions of his quality
as a teacher appear in his Popular Lectures on
Theological Themes (1887). Among his other
books are The Atonement (1867), A Commen-
tary on the Confession of Faith (1869), and The
Life of Charles Hodge (1880). He also served
as an editor of the Princeton Review. In 1862
he married as his second wife Mrs. Margaret
McLaren Woods.

[W. M. Paxton, Address Delivered at the Funeral of
A. A. Hodge (1886) ; F. L. Pattern, A Discourse in
Memory of A. A. Hodge (1887) ; C. A. Salmond,
Princetonia: Charles and A. A. Hodge (1888) ; gen-
eral catalogues of Princeton Univ. and Theol. Sem.;
Necrological Report of Princeton Theol. Sem. for 1887
(1887) ; M. W. Jacobus and G. T. Purves, Addresses at
the Unveiling of the Tablet in Memory of Archibald
Alexander Hodge and Caspar Wistar Hodge (1901) ;
Daily True American (Trenton, N. J.), Nov. 13, 1886.]

R.H.N.

HODGE, CHARLES (Dec. 27,1797-June 19,
1878), theologian, long a leader in the Presby-
terian Church, was born in Philadelphia. He
was the son of Hugh Hodge, a surgeon in the
Continental Army and afterward in Philadel-
phia, and a grandson of Andrew Hodge who
emigrated from the north of Ireland to America
about 1730. Hugh Lenox Hodge [q.v.] was
Charles's brother. Their mother was Mary

Hodge
Blanchard of Boston, who was of Huguenot de-
scent. The father died, a victim of overwork,
during the yellow-fever epidemic of 1797 and in
spite of financial difficulties the mother succeed-
ed in affording her sons excellent schooling.
Charles was educated at Princeton, graduating
from the college in 1815 and the theological sem-
inary in 1819. His training in theology, espe-
cially that which he received from Archibald
Alexander [q.v.~\, determined his thought and
lifework. Becoming instructor in the seminary
in 1820, he taught there all his life, except for
two years of study in France and Germany
(1826-28). He was professor of Oriental and
Biblical literature from 1822 to 1840, and then
of theology.
In the lives of his three thousand students he
held a place of unique authority. His teaching
had many elements of power—solid learning, ac-
quaintance with contemporary thought, living
interests, strong certainty, clear analytical state-
ment, and skill in awakening minds. Even more
influential, however, was his personal religion,
evinced especially in his famous Sunday after-
noon conference addresses. His real and strong-
ly emotional piety, the heart of which was vital
apprehension of the love of God in Christ,
wrought his most characteristic work upon his
students. His theology was mainly Calvinism
as stated by the Westminster divines. He drew
also from other scholastic Calvinists, notably
Turret in. On all subjects his thought was pro-
foundly Biblical, governed by a high doctrine of
verbal inspiration and infallibility; and he sted-
fastly maintained that his theology was only the
teaching of the Bible. This theology and the
scriptural interpretation supporting it he held
unchanged with the strength of religious convic-
tion throughout his life. His most-quoted saying
was uttered at his semi-centennial as professor:
"a new idea never originated in this seminary."
While Calvinism was disintegrating in Ameri-
can thought, and criticism was altering concep-
tions of the Bible, and the evolutionary idea was
beginning to exert power, Hodge unvaryingly
affirmed his teaching. The theology which he
established at Princeton was a powerfully con-
servative force in the thought of the Presby-
terian Church and of other churches. His writ-
ing carried his influence beyond the reach of his
teaching. He started the Biblical Repertory in
1825, later known as the Biblical Repertory and
Theological Review and after 1836 as the Bib-
lical Repertory and Princeton Review, and edited
it for more than forty years. To it he contributed
essays and reviews which would fill ten volumes,
treating subjects in theology, Biblical criticism,