Hogg

Hogg

creed. He was married, Mar. 20,1844, to Susan
Morton Wood of Prince Edward County, Va.

[P. H. Hpge, Moses Drury Hoge: Life and Letters
(1899); Union Seminary Mag., Mar.-Apr., 1898; H, A.
"Vhite, Sou. Presbyt. Leaders (1911); Richmond Times,

White,..
Jan. 6, 1899.]

J.D.E.

HOGG, GEORGE (June 22, i;84-Dec, 5,
1849), manufacturer, merchant, pioneer in the
field of chain stores, was born in Cranalington,
Northumberland County, England, the only son
of John and Mary (Crisp) Hogg1. While a youth
in England he was apprenticed to an iron worker
but later came to the United States with his par-
ents and settled in Licking County, Ohio. Just
what his activities were at this time is unknown,
but in view of his remarkable career later, he
must have received some business training dur-
ing this period In 1804, at the suggestion of his
uncle, William Hogg, a successful merchant who
had begun his career as a peddler, he went to
Brownsville, Pa. In the following years he es-
tablished a number of commercial enterprises
both with his uncle and with others. In partner-
ship with his brother-in-law, James E. Breading,
he founded a large wholesale drygoods business
in Pittsburgh under the name of Breading &
Hogg, and a huge wholesale grocery known as
Dalzell, Taylor & Company. As his business
grew he established a chain of fifteen merchan-
dise and commission houses in Ohio, a forward-
ing house at Sandusky, Ohio, and sixty-one
stores in Pennsylvania and New York. In con-
junction with his depot at Sandusky he main-
tained a fleet of vessels on Lake Erie as well as
a line of boats on the Ohio Canal with headquar-
ters at Newark, Ohio. He was thus undoubted-
ly among the first, if not the first, to develop the
chain store system. In addition to his commer-
cial interests he was engaged in the manufacture
of glass, having built the Brownsville Glass Fac-
tory in 1828. With the exception of one year,
1829, he supervised its work until 1847. He aid-
ed in the building of a bridge over the Mononga-
hela River at Brownsville and Bridgeport and
was one of the founders and managers of the
Monongahela Navigation Improvement Com-
pany, which carried coal to New Orleans. He
also purchased coal mines and large tracts of
land from the government.

Although he spent practically all his mature
years in the United States, Hogg never gave up
the English customs which he remembered from
his youth. His two outstanding characteristics
seem to have been deep religious feeling and
fair dealing. In May of 1843 he moved to Alle-
gheny City, which is now the Northside district
of Pittsburgh, where in 1849 he died. He mar-

ried, Mar. 7, 1811, Mary Ann, oldest daughter
of Judge Nathaniel Breading of Fayette County,
Pa., and became the father of six children.

[F. Ellis, Hist, of Fayette Co., Pa. (1882) ; Hut. of
Allegheny County, Pa. (1889); J. W. Jordan and James
Hadden, Geneal. and Personal Hist, of Fayette and
Greene Counties, Pa. (1912), vol. I; Pittsburgh Daily
Gazette, Dec. 7, 1849.] A. I.

HOGG, JAMES STEPHEN (Mar. 24, 1851-
Mar. 3,1906), governor of Texas, was of Scotch-
Irish extraction, descended from ancestors who
had moved in successive generations from Vir-
ginia to South Carolina and then to Alabama.
His parents, Joseph Lewis and Lucanda (Mc-
Math) Hogg, migrated to Texas from Alabama
in 1839, and James was born at the family estate,
"Mountain Home/'near Rusk, Cherokee County.
His father, a prominent planter and a member of
the state legislature, became a brigadier-general
in the Confederate army and died in a Southern
camp at Corinth, Miss., in 1862. His wife sur-
vived him only a year, and James was left an im-
poverished orphan at the age of twelve. First as
farm hand, next as typesetter on a village news-
paper, then as a country editor in East Texas,
Hogg earned his own living, and in 1871 began
the study of law. Two years later, he commenced
his political career as justice of the peace for
the Quitman precinct in Wood County. On Apr.
22,1874, he married Sallie Stinson. Admitted to
the bar in 1875, he was elected county attorney
for Wood County in 1878, and two years later
district attorney for the 7th judicial district In
this position, which he held for two terms, he
gained a state-wide reputation as a fearless pros-
ecutor of criminals and an opponent of mob law.
When he took office as attorney general of the
state in January 1887, he was expected to "help
curb the abuses of corrupt corporations, long un-
disturbed in Texas." His election on such a plat-
form and his career as attorney general and as
governor of Texas mark the important transi-
tion from the older politics of the Civil War and
Reconstruction to the newer economic issues
which in time came to be called progressive. The
age of the "Confederate Brigadiers" had passed.
During his four years as attorney general,
Hogg brought suits against fraudulent insurance
companies, and secured the return to the state of
almost two million acres of railroad lands. With
his magnetic personality and unrivaled capacity
as a stump speaker, he was the natural champion
of the idea of a state railway commission to reg-
ulate rates and conditions of service on Texas
railways. It was the same plan which was being
urged in the national legislature by his fellow
Texan, John H. Reagan. On this issue, in 1891,
Hogg became governor of Texas. In his first

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