Holland

which he had left, was unsuccessful in raising
capital. He designed two submarines for Japan
during the Russo-Japanese War, for which ser-
vice he received in 1910 the mikado's Order of
the Rising Sun. He devised in 1904 a respirator
for escape from disabled submarines, similar to
a device adopted by the United States Navy a
quarter century later. Holland foresaw the mod-
ern uses of the submarine in science, commerce,
and exploration. His final years were devoted
to experiment in aeronautics. He was married
in Brooklyn, N. Y., Jan. 17, 1887, to Margaret
Foley of Paterson, N. J., who with four children
survived him. He died in Newark, N. J.

[Simon Lake, The Submarine in War and Peace
(1918) ; F. T. Cable, The Birth and Development of
the Am. Submarine (1924) ; A. Hoar, The Submarine
Torpedo Boat, Its Characteristics and Modern Develop-
ment (1916); Chas. W, Domville-Fife, Submarines and
Sea Power (London, 1919) ; Max Laubeuf and Henri
Stroh, Sous-Marins, Torpilles et Mines (Paris, 1923) ;
E. W, Byrn, The Progress of Invention in the Nine-
teenth Century (1900) ; Report of the Secy, of the
Navy, 1895-1900; Army and Navy Jour., Apr. 2, Oct.
29, Dec. 3, 1898; Am. Inventor, Oct. i, 1900, Mar, i,
1902; Ships' Data, U, S. Naval Vessels (1929) ; B. J.
Hendrick, in World's Work, July 1915; Newark Eve-
ning News and Newark Start both Aug. 13, 1914; in-
formation from J. R. McMaiqn, Little Falls, N. J.,
who is preparing a full-length biography of Holland.]

C.W.M.

HOLLAND, JOSEPH JEFFERSON (Dec.
20, i86o-Sept 25,1926), actor, was the youngest
son of the veteran comedian, George Holland
[#.#.], and Catherine (De Luce) Holland, and
godson of Joseph Jefferson. Born in New York
when the elder Holland was sixty-nine, as a boy
he played in his father's dressing-room at Wai-
lack's or perched himself beside the bass drum
when the curtain rose. At six he went on the
stage in a child's part. Four years later his fa-
ther died His mother, not an actress, destined
him for trade, especially since at thirteen he be-
came partially deaf, but despite these obstacles he
contrived to follow family tradition to the stage.
At his debut in 1878 he doubled as Lord Scroop
and Captain Gower in Henry V which ran a
whole season at Booth's theatre. In 1878-79 he
joined his brother George at the Chestnut Street
Theatre, Philadelphia, playing among other parts
Antonio in The Merchant of Venice. Two years
later he signed with McKee Rankin for leading
roles, remaining in his company two seasons.
He was next engaged as leading juvenile in the
Baldwin stock company, San Francisco, where
he played "everything, light comedy to tragedy,
even old men's parts and heavies," learning more
stagecraft than at any other period of his career.
From 1886 to 1889 he was with Daly in a com-
pany including John Drew and Otis Skinner, and
with this company he made his first appearance
in England. He then signed with Charles Froh-

Holland

man, acting under his direction in The Great
Metropolis, Shenandoah, Men and Women, and
Mr. Wilkinson's Widows, making a distinct hit
in the last. On Sept. 2, 1895, he and his brother
Edmund Milton Holland [q.v.~\ appeared at the
Garrick Theatre, New York, as joint stars in
The Man With a Past. With a repertoire which
included this play they toured for two seasons,
scoring an artistic rather than a financial suc-
cess. Joseph's performances in A Social High-
wayman, Dr. Claudius, and in A Superfluous
Husband were regarded as especially finished.
On May 7, 1896, he played Falkland in an all-
star revival of The Rivals, with Mrs. John Drew
playing Mrs. Malaprop. Later during successive
seasons he toured with Annie Russell, Amelia
Bingham, Ethel Barrymore, and William Faver-
sham, but in 1904 his stage career ended abrupt-
ly when he was stricken with paralysis and was
forced to retire. The following year he was ten-
dered a testimonial at the Metropolitan Opera
House, Mar. 24, 1905, which was participated in
by authors, composers, artists, and actors of rank.
During the twenty years of Holland's enforced
retirement he displayed a valiant spirit. He
kept up his study of the drama, learned French,
directed amateur performances from his invalid's
chair, and cultivated notable friendships for
which he had a genius. The last years of his life
he passed at Falrnouth, Mass.

Holland's adroitness in nullifying the handi-
cap of almost total deafness is one of the marvels
of the stage. He memorized every part in his
scenes, and by reading lips and faces and by
"ticking off" speeches in his brain, he contrived
to take his cues unerringly. When his back was
turned to a speaker, his dresser, if necessary,
gave him his cues from the wings. He was at
all times a versatile light comedian, in whom "a
quiet dignity, [and] a careful attention to detail,
lent polish and distinction" to all his work. In
his memory a tablet was placed in the Falmouth
Library by his clubmates of the Lamb's and
Players' in New York and by his Falmouth
friends.

[Otis Skinner, Jos. Jefferson Holland: A Tribute
(p. p. 1926); M. J. Moses, Famous Actor-Families in
America (1906); T. A. Brown, A Hist, of the N. Y.
Stage (3 vols., 1903) ; N. Y. Dramatic Mirror, May 2,
1896; N. Y. Times, Mar. 25, 1905, Sept. 26, 1926;
Robinson Locke collection, N. Y. Pub. Lib.]

M.B.H.

HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (July 24,
i8i9-0ct 12, 1881), editor, writer, was born in
Belchertown, Mass., a descendant of John and
Judith Holland who established themselves in
New England in 1630, and a son of Harrison
and Anna (Gilbert) Holland. His father seems
to have been a hardworking but unthrifty man

146