Holmes

and in 1829 his long pastorate came to an end.
The church members who quitted the First Par-
ish with him then organized the "Shepard Con-
gregational Society," of which he became the
first minister. In 1831 he retired from active
parochial duties. "A person of the middle size/'
he appears in a portrait reproduced in the Life
and Letters of Oliver Wendell Holmes as pos-
sessing a countenance of marked beauty and
charm.

[W. Jenks, "Memoir of the Rev. Abiel Holmes/'
Colls. Mass. Hist. Soc., 3 ser., VII (1838); W. B.
Sprague, Annals Am. Pulpit, vol. II (1857); Alexander
McKenzie, Lectures on the Hist, of the First Ch. in
Cambridge ^1873); John T. Morse, Jr., Life and Let-
ters of Oliver Wendell Holmes (1896) ; F. B. Dexter,
Biog. Sketches Grads. Yale Coll., vol. IV (1901); G,
A. Gray, The Descendants of George Holmes of Rox-
bury (1908) ; Boston Daily Aditertiser, June 6, 1837.]

M.A.DeW.H.

HOLMES, BAYARD TAYLOR (July 29,
i8S2-Apr. 3, 1924), surgeon, was born at North
Hero, Vt, the son of Hector Adams and Olive
(Williamson) Holmes. His father is credited
with having invented the first successful twine-
binder harvesting machine. The family moved to
Minnesota in 1865 and at Carleton College,
Northfield, young Bayard began his college ca-
reer, later attending Paw Paw Institute at Paw
Paw, 111., where he was given the degree of B.S.
in 1874. He commenced the study of medicine
at the Chicago Homeopathic College, from which
he received the degree of M.D. in 1884. Then
followed an interneship at the Cook County Hos-
pital and three years of study at the College of
Physicians and Surgeons and the Chicago Medi-
cal College, from which latter school he was
graduated in 1888. Interested from the first in
medical education he was professor of surgery at
the Post-Graduate Medical School of Chicago
from 1889 to 1892, then in the latter year he
joined the faculty of the University of Illinois
College of Medicine as secretary and professor
of surgical pathology and bacteriology. He was
later made professor of surgery, a position he
filled until 1908. He was largely instrumental
in bringing about the increased entrance require-
ments and improved methods of instruction in
that school. For three years (1889-92) he was
attending surgeon at the Cook County Hospital.
In his early career, Holmes took a strong in-
terest in sociologic problems, such as the educa-
tion of the laboring classes, factory inspection,
and child-welfare. He organized a society called
the National Christian Citizenship League and
in 1895 was Socialist candidate for mayor of
Chicago. In his later years a family bereave-
ment turned his chief interest from surgery to
the study of mental disease. In this period he
wrote The Friends of the Insane, The Soul of

Holmes

Medical Education, and Other Essays (1911),
and The Insanity of Youth and Other Essays
(*9 *5)• In his earlier career he had been a pro-
lific contributor to periodic literature on subjects
relating to surgery and medical education, and
in 1904 he published a textbook entitled Surgery
of the Abdomen. For several years he edited the
North American Practitioner and contributed
editorials to other medical periodicals including
the Journal of the American Medical Associ-
ation. He was instrumental in establishing the
Medical Library Association, which furnished
the nucleus for the Newberry Medical Library.
Physically Holmes was of medium height and of
heavy build. He was a popular lecturer and
though he often wandered far afield from his
surgical subjects he was always interesting. His
final address to the graduating class was an an-
nual charge covering the fields of ethics, moral-
ity, and medical economy. His saddened last
days were spent at his winter home in Fairhope,
Ala., where he died of a heart affection. He had
married on Aug. 14, 1878, Agnes Anna George,
daughter of Capt. James W. George of Lansing,
Minn. Two sons were born to them.

[Irving A. Watson, Physicians and Surgeons of
America (1896); Who's Who in America} 1922-23;
Jour, of the Am. Medic. Asso., Apr. 12, 1924; Chicago
News, Apr. 3, 1924; information as to certain facts
from Holmes's son, Dr. Bayard Holmes, Chicago, 111.]

J.M.P.

HOLMES, DANIEL HENRY (July 16,
i8si-Dec. 15,1908), poet, lawyer, musician, was
born in New York City, the son of Daniel Henry
Holmes and his wife, Eliza Maria Kerrison. His
father early in his career settled in New Orleans
and became a merchant; his mother, an English
girl, the daughter of Robert Kerrison, was born
in London and came to America with her parents
when she was ten years old. In 1852 the elder
Holmes purchased an old manor-house near
Covington, Ky., which he christened "Holmes-
dale/* and there for many years he went with
his family from New Orleans to spend the sum-
mers. Before the outbreak of the Civil War he
took his family abroad and put his children to
school in France. Daniel Henry spent a number
of years in school at Tours and in the Lycee
Bonaparte at Paris. His father then sent him to
Manchester, England, to be prepared for a mer-
cantile career; but after a brief trial of it, he
returned in 1869 with his family to America and
entered his father's business in New Orleans.
Liking this even less, he was allowed to return
to "Holmesdale." He studied law in Cincinnati
and, after being graduated in 1872, practised
desultorily for several years.
In 1883 Holmes married Rachel Gaff, of Cin-

161