Hood

the following Wednesday. In 1862 he met the
Conference in Hartford, Conn., and was or-
dained elder. In an unfriendly community at
Englewood, near Bridgetown, Nova Scotia, he
organized a church of eleven members, then in
1863 he returned to the United States and was
stationed at Bridgeport, Conn. After six months
of service there he was sent by Bishop J. J. Clin-
ton of the New England Conference as a mis-
sionary to the freedmen within the Union lines in
North Carolina. He arrived in New Bern on
Jan. 20, 1864. Here he served for three years,
after which he left to organize the work in and
near Fayetteville. After two years there, he
served in Charlotte for three and a half years.
In 1868 he was a member of the Reconstruction
Constitutional Convention and in the same year
became assistant superintendent of public in-
struction in North Carolina, in which position
he served for two years, especially helping in
organizing the public schools of the state. On
July 3,1872, he was ordained bishop of the Afri-
can Methodist Episcopal Zion Church, and in
his later life he was long known as senior bishop.
He was a delegate to the Ecumenical Conference
in London in 1881, also to that in Washington
in 1891, and was the first negro to preside over
that body. He was chairman of the board of
trustees of Livingstone College at Salisbury, N.
C, from its founding until his death; and it was
on the voyage to England in 1881 that he took up
with J. C. Price the matter of the latter's travel-
ing in interest of the new institution and of ac-
cepting the presidency on his return. In 1882
Hood traveled in behalf of his church in thirty-
four states and thereafter was a leading factor in
the organization of the denomination. For twen-
ty-six years he presided over the Conference in
the state of New York; then and later his
strengthening influence was felt throughout the
connection. His published works include: The
Negro in the Christian Pulpit (1884) ; One Hun-
dred Years of the Methodist Episcopal Zion
Church (1895) ; and The Plan of the Apocalypse
(1900). He was three times married: in Sep-
tember 1852 to Hannah L. Ralph; in May 1858
to Sophia J. Nugent, and in June 1877 to Mrs.
Keziah P. McCoy.

[Who's Who in America, 1918-19; Who's Who of
the Colored Race. 1915; Wm. J. Simmons, Men of
Mark (1887).] B.B.

HOOD, JOHN BELL (June i, i83i-Aug. 30,
1879), Confederate soldier, third son and fifth
child of Dr, John W. and Theodocia (French)
Hood, was born at Owingsville, Bath County,
Ky. Against the wishes of his father, who de-
sired him to study medicine, he entered West

Hood

Point in 1849 and was graduated, after an undis-
tinguished career as a cadet, forty-fourth in a
class of fifty-two that included Sheridan, Mc-
Pherson, and Schofield. After brief garrison
duty at Fort Columbus, N. Y., he served two
years in California as second lieutenant in the
4th Infantry and was then transferred to Texas,
to join the 2nd Cavalry, which was then under
the care of its lieutenant-colonel, Robert E. Lee*
Wounded in a scouting expedition against ma-
rauding Indians in July 1857, Hood was partially
incapacitated for two years.

In April 1861 he resigned his commission,
joined the Confederate army, and was sent, as
first lieutenant, to Yorktown, Va., where Gen.
John B. Magruder put him in charge of the
cavalry attached to his forces. By rapid promo-
tion Hood became brigadier-general on Mar. 2,
1862, and took command of the "Texas Brigade."
These troops, whom he personally led into action
at Gaines's Mill, broke the Federal line on June
27, 1862, and won high reputation, which they
confirmed by hard, successful fighting at Second
Manassas and Sharpsburg (Antietam). Follow-
ing the Maryland campaign, Hood was promoted
major-general, Oct. n, 1862, partly at the in-
stance of "Stonewall" Jackson, and his troops
became the first division of Longstreet's corps.
At Gettysburg, Hood pleaded to be allowed to
attempt to turn Round Top, but was ordered to
attack up the Emmitsburg road, where he was
badly wounded in the arm on the afternoon of
July 2. Before he had fully recovered, he re-
joined his men, en route to Georgia, and at
Chickamauga he distinguished himself while di-
recting Longstreet's corps and three divisions of
the Army of Tennessee. Another wound, which
necessitated the amputation of his right leg, de-
prived him of further part in the campaign.

Hood was made lieutenant-general on Feb. I,
1864, to date from the battle of Chickamauga.
Crippled as he was, he went to Dalton, Ga., a few
days later to take command of one of the corps
of the army under Joseph E. Johnston, This was
the turning-point of his career. Trained to the
offensive, he had now to fight tinder a general
who held to the defensive. Successful previously
in all his operations, in every battle thereafter
he met defeat Johnston's continued withdrawals
from in front of Sherman, coupled with Presi-
dent Davis' distrust of that officer's ability, in-
duced the President to remove Johnston on July
17,1864, and to put Hood in his place, in the con-
viction that Hood's experience and inclination
would lead him to take the offensive. Hood, with
the temporary rank of general, tried to prevail
upon Davis to defer the order for Johnston's re-

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