Hooker

er asked to be relieved from duty, saying:
"Justice and self-respect alike require my re-
moval from an army in which rank and service
are ignored" (War of the Rebellion:, Official Rec-
ords, Army, I ser., XXXVIII, pt. 5, p. 273).
Thus ended Joseph Hooker's military service in
the field. In September 1864, he was transferred
to command the Northern Department at Cin-
cinnati, Ohio, where in 1865, after the eventful
days of his life had passed, he married Olivia
Groesbeck. On July 8, 1865, he was placed in
command of the Department of the East at New
York City; and on Aug. 23,1866, of the Depart-
ment of the Lakes at Detroit. In 1868 his wife
died, and on Oct. 15 of the same year he was re-
tired as a major-general on account of paralysis.
He died at Garden City, N. Y., and was buried
beside his wife in Laurel Grove Cemetery, Cin-
cinnati.

Gossip has sometimes connected Hooker's
name with questionable personal conduct which
his friends and close associates stoutly dis-
claimed. All authorities agree that he was ex-
cellent as a corps commander.

[G. W. Cullum, Biog. Reg. of the Officers and Grads.
of the U. S. Mil. Acad. Card ed., 1891); G. A. Taylor,
in Jour, of the Mil Service Inst. of the U. S., Sept-
Oct 1910; War of the Rebellion: Official Records
(Army), see index; "Report of the Joint Committee on
the Conduct of the War/' Senate Report No. 142, 38
Cong., 2 Sess.; J. W. De Peyster, Obits, of Maj.-Gen.
Samuel P. Heintselman and Maj.-Gen. Jos. Hooker
(1881); John Bigelow, Jr., The Campaign of Chancel-
lorsyille (1910) ; W. R. Livermore, The Story of the
Civil War, pt. Ill (1913) ; Battles and Leaders of the
Civil War (4 vols., 1887-88); Wm. Swinton, Cam-
paigns of the Army of the Potomac (1866); J. H.
Stine, Hist, of the Army of the Potomac (1892); T.
A. Dodge, The Campaign of Chancellorsville (1881);
Abner Doubleday, Chancellorsville and Gettysburg
(1882) ; Geo. Meade, Life and Letters of George Gor-
don Meade (2 vols., 1913); Autobiog. of Oliver Otis
Howard (1907), vol. I; Memoirs of Gen. Wm. T. Sher-
man (1875), vol. II; J. L. Butterfield, A Biog. Memorial
of Gen. Daniel Butterfield (1904); H. E. Tremaine,
Two Days of War (1905); Col. Alexander K. Me-
Clure's Recollections of Half a Century (1902) ; Em-
ory Upton, The Military Policy of the U. S. (1904) ;
W. A. Ganoe, Hist, of the^ U. S. Army (1924); Daniel
E. Sickles, Address Delivered in Boston before the
Hooker Monument Asso. of Mass. (1910); Army and
Navy Jour., Nov. 8, 1879; N. 7. Tribune, Nov. i,
I879-] W.A.G.

HOOKER, PHILIP (Oct. 28, i766-Jan. 31,
1836), builder, architect, surveyor, was the eld-
est child of Samuel and Rachel (Hinds) Hooker
and the great-grandson of Henry and Elizabeth
(Hilliard) Hooker, or Hocker, of Medfield,
Mass. He was born in Rutland, near Worcester,
Mass., but moved with his parents, probably
soon after 1772, to Albany, N. Y. It is with the
latter town that his name is generally associated.
From May 2, 1796, almost until the day of his
death forty years later he figured in the Albany
records. He was seven times elected assessor

Hooker
for the fourth ward, received three appointments
to the common council between 1818 and 1821,
was city superintendent from 1821 to 1827, and
city surveyor from 1819 to 1832. It was never-
theless principally as an architect and builder
that he made his local reputation. Between 1797
and 1830 he designed, and in some cases built,
for Albany, at least six churches, the state Capi-
tol, the City Hall, two municipal markets, two
academies, and a theatre. Of these buildings only
the Albany Academy remains (1931) substan-
tially unaltered. The demand for new buildings
for Albany, which developed soon after 1790, and
which afforded Hooker the opportunity of an
architectural career, was a result of the town's
having suddenly become the capital of New York
and the principal northern gateway to the West.
When Hooker began to design buildings Albany
was a Dutch frontier village; at his death it had
been reconstructed, largely through his own ef-
forts, into the semblance of a thriving, New Eng-
land city. Outside of Albany Hooker's principal
works were the second Union College building,
Schenectady, the second building for the First
Presbyterian Church of Utica, Hyde Hall, on
Otsego Lake, and the steeple and front of the
Hamilton College Chapel in Clinton, N. Y.
Hooker probably received his practical train-
ing from his father, but his knowledge of archi-
tectural design seems to have been derived
primarily from his study of the work of other
American architects, notably Macbean (St. Paul's
Chapel, New York), Manghi and McComb (City
Hall, New York), and Bulfmch (Hollis Street
Church, Boston). From these men his archi-
tectural ancestry may be traced through the Eng-
lish architects of the eighteenth and seventeenth
centuries to Palladio and Brunelleschi. Much of
his work was distinguished by its good propor-
tion, by its combination of refinement and bold-
ness in the detail, and by its successful definition
of the principal masses. Its occasional incon-
gruities of arrangement and apparent lack of
resource were due no doubt to some extent to the
architect's deficient education and natural limi-
tations, but probably to a much greater extent to
the impecuniosity of his clients and the impossi-
bility of obtaining either adequate materials or
competent workmen. The family name of Hook-
er's first wife is not known. His second wife, to
whom he was married in 1814, was Sarah Monk.
He died at Albany without issue.
[The principal sources of information regarding
Hooker are the manuscript minutes and other manu-
script records of the Albany common council, the
manuscript records of the churches and institutions for
which he designed buildings, and vouchers, receipts, and
other papers in the New "York state comptroller's office.
Particular references to these and other sources of in-