Hopkins

banker, indorsing business paper and buying up
overdue notes, and built numerous warehouses,
which added to the facilities of Baltimore as a
growing commercial center. His principal in-
vestment, however, was in the young Baltimore
& Ohio Railroad, the possibilities of which were
clear to him through his experience with wagon-
trains across the mountains. In 1847 he became
a director of the road, and in 1855, chairman of
its finance committee. He grew to be the largest
stockholder after the State of Maryland and the
City of Baltimore; in the panic of 1857 he in-
dorsed for it and in that of 1873, lent the road
$900,000 to enable it to meet its interest pay-
ments. At his death he held over 15,000 shares
of the stock. For many years, also, he was presi-
dent of the Merchants' Bank and director in a
half-dozen others in Baltimore, besides being
heavily interested in life and fire insurance com-
panies, steamship lines, and a warehouse com-
pany. After twenty-five years he retired from his
original commission business, leaving it in the
hands of his brothers. He was one of the bankers
who advanced $500,000 to the City of Baltimore
during the Civil War, and after the war and
during the panic of 1873 did much to avert dis-
aster from the business community by liberal ex-
tension of his credit often without monetary
reward.

Several years before his death he resolved, af-
ter making ample provision for his relatives, to
leave the bulk of his fortune of about $8,000,000
for the good of humanity and consulted with nu-
merous friends on this subject, particularly with
George Peabody and John W. Garrett \_qq.v.~\*
Remembering his own lack of schooling, and
mindful of the unpreparedness of Baltimore hi
epidemics of cholera and yellow fever, he de-
termined to found a great hospital and university,
with a medical school and training course for
nurses in connection with the hospital. In 1870
he made his will, leaving $7,000,000 equally di-
vided between the Johns Hopkins University
and the Johns Hopkins Hospital, besides be-
quests of smaller sums to Baltimore agencies for
the education of youth and the care of the de-
pendent. An abolitionist and a warm friend of
negroes, he included attention to their needs in
the hospital and an orphanage. Penurious in
many personal matters (he never wore an over-
coat and walked wherever he could), he knew
how to be generous in large matters. He always
meant to travel, but never went more than a few
score miles from his home. He read widely,
however, in part because of a stubborn insomnia.

[Helen Hopkins Thorn, Johns Hopkins, a Silhouette
(1929); Baltimore: Past and Present (1871), sketch

Hopkins

approved by Johns Hopkins; Miles White, Jr., "Some
Colonial Ancestors of Johns Hopkins," in Southern
Hist. Asso. Pubs., vol. IV (1900) ; J. T. Scharf, The
Chronicles of Baltimore (1874); Bull, of the Johns
Hopkins Hospital, July 1917; the Sun (Baltimore),
Dec. 25, 1873.] B.M—1.

HOPKINS, JULIET ANN OPIE (May 7,
i8i8-Mar. 9, 1890), revered for her devotion to
the Confederacy and especially for her service in
behalf of the sick and wounded, was born in Jef-
ferson County, Va., the daughter of Hierome
Lindsay and Margaret (Muse) Opie. She was
a descendant of Thomas Opie who came to Amer-
ica from Bristol, England, and about 1672 mar-
ried the daughter of Rev. David Lindsay, son of
Sir Hierome Lindsay of Scotland. Juliet Ann
was educated by English tutors and in private
schools until she was sixteen years old. At that
time the death of her mother made her the mis-
tress of her father's plantations and hundreds of
slaves. In 1837 she married Commander Alex-
ander George Gordon of the United States Navy,
who died a few years later, and in 1854 she mar-
ried Judge Arthur Francis Hopkins \_q.v."\ of
Mobile, Ala. An ardent supporter of the Confed-
eracy, she disposed of most of her land and ex-
pended the proceeds, amounting, it is said, to
half a million dollars, in its behalf.

She offered her services to the state of Ala-
bama in 1861 and was sent to Richmond, where
she established a hospital. When her husband
was appointed state agent for Alabama hospitals,
she was made matron. Possessing considerable
executive ability, she quickly brought these hos-
pitals to a high state of efficiency. Among her
papers are to be found letters from soldiers in
other hospitals, begging her to have them trans-
ferred to the Alabama hospitals because they had
heard of the superior care afforded there. Gen.
Joseph E. Johnston is reported to have said that
at Bull Run she was more useful to his army than
a new brigade. Wounded at Seven Pines while
rescuing disabled soldiers from the battle-field,
she was lame for the rest of her life. She passed
her last years in New York, but died in Wash-
ington while she was on a visit there. She was
buried at Arlington with military honors. Her
portrait appears on the twenty-five cent and the
fifty-dollar bills issued by the state of Alabama
during the Civil War.

[Mrs. Hopkins' papers deposited with the Dept of
Archives and Hist..of the State of Ala.; T. M. Owen,
Hist, of Ala. and Diet, of Ala, Biog. (1921), vol. Ill ;
T. G. DeLeon, Belles, Beaux and Brains of the 6o's
(1909); J. E. Satmders, Early Settlers in Ala. (1899) J
W. L. Hopkins, Hopkins of Va. and Related Families
(1931); Va. Mag. of Hist, and Biog.t Jan. 1910; Wil-
liam and Mary Coll. Quart., Apr. 1912; Evening Star
(Washington), Mar. u, 1890; Richmond Dispatch,
Mar. 12,1890.] u. F.

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