H or ton

succeeded in evading- a direction from the King:
in Council to forward the record in a case. His
last conspicuous public activity was as a member
of the commission to inquire into the destruction
of the Gaspee. He is said to have suffered in-
dignities in the disorders of 1776. He lost his
second wife, Anne Jevon, sometime before his
own death which occurred in 1778 at Flatbush.

[See J. G. Wilson, The Memorial Hist, of the City of
N. Y., vol. II (1892) ; Wm. Smith, The Hist, of the
Late Province of N. Y, (1829), vol. II; E. B. O'Cal-
laghan, Docs. Relating to the Col. Hist, of the State of
N. Y.t vols. V-VIII (i855-S7); N. Y. Hist. Soc. Colls.,
Pub. Fund Ser., vols. Ill (1871), XXVIII (1896),
XXXIII (1901), LI-LIII (1919-21), LXI (1928); E.
A. Jones, Am. Members of the Inns of Court (1924) J
I. N. P. Stokes, The Iconography of Manhattan Island,
VI (1928), 171; Scots Mag., Oct. 1776, p. 540; Essex
Rev., Apr. 1893; Va. Mag. of Hist, and Biog., July
1917, July-Oct. 1919. Evidence regarding the date o£
Horsmanden's birth is conflicting. The date given in
this biography is taken from Jones, ante.] £. w. S.

HORTON, SAMUEL DANA (Jan. 16,1844-
Feb, 23,1895), economist, came of New England
stock, and was the youngest child of Valen-
tine Baxter Horton [q.vJ] and Clara Alsop Pom-
eroy. He was born in Pomeroy, Ohio, and was
educated at the Pomeroy Academy and at a
classical school in Cincinnati. He graduated
from Harvard University in 1864 and then trav-
eled extensively. Before entering the Harvard
Law School in 1866 he won the Bowdoin prize
for resident graduates and later received the de-
gree of A.M. in 1867 and LL.B. in 1868. Until
1870 he studied Roman law at the University of
Berlin. He was admitted to the Ohio state bar
on Jan. i, 1871, and remained in active practice
until 1885, first in Cincinnati, and then in Pom-
eroy. In 1873 he wrote three pamphlets advo-
cating proportional representation, but after the
Greenback craze of 1875 he devoted himself to
the advancement of bimetalism. His first mone-
tary treatise, Silver and Gold in Their Relation
to the Problem of Resumption, was published in
1876. On Aug. 28, 1877, he married Blanche
Hariot Lydiard, the daughter of a British army
officer. In 1878 he was appointed secretary of
the American delegation to the International
Monetary Conference at Paris, the American
report of which he edited. He was made a dele-
gate to the second Paris Monetary Conference
in 1881 and in 1882 and 1889 was sent on official
missions to Europe where he spent most of his
later years meeting many distinguished men.
^ Horton was a large, tall, blond man with ar-
tistic tastes and a courteous bearing. He pos-
sessed a retentive memory and a remarkable
knowledge of ancient and modern languages. Of
a very ardent temperament, he threw himself into
his chosen crusade with poetic enthusiasm. To

Horton

him silver was not an inert substance but some-
thing endowed with personal qualities, which
had been wrongfully "disinherisoned" and which
could be restored to its former importance as a
money metal by the formation of an international
monetary union. He was an indefatigable but
not a popular writer on bimetalism as his style
suffered through being too replete with infor-
mation, while his inclination to use words in an
unusual sense often obscured his meaning. His
principal work, The Silver Pound and England's
Monetary Policy Since The Restoration^ was
published in 1887 and was followed in 1890 by
Silver In Europe, the revised edition of which
(1892) contains a complete bibliography of his
writings. Horton died in Washington, D. C.

{.Harvard Coll. Class of 1864, Secretary's Report No.
6f 1864-89 (1889) ; A. A. Pomeroy, Hist, and Geneal.
of the Pomeroy Family (1912); F. A. Walker, tribute
in the Boon. Jour., June 1895; F. W. Holls, article in
the Rev. of Revs., Apr. 1895 ; Evening Star (Washing-
ton), Feb. 25, 1895; information as to certain facts
from Horton's son, Lydiard H. Horton.] H.G.V.

HORTON, VALENTINE BAXTER (Jan.
29, i8o2-Jan. 14, 1888), pioneer bituminous coal
operator, builder of "Condor" towboats, was born
in Windsor, Vt., the son of Zenas and Nancy
(Seaver) Horton. As a boy he attended the local
schools, then he went to Partridge's Military
Academy (later Norwich University) at Nor-
wich, Vt. After his graduation in 1825 he taught
mathematics and ultimately philosophy and po-
litical economy and was teaching when the school
was temporarily situated in Middletown, Conn.
On leaving the institution he studied law and
was admitted to the Connecticut bar. For a time
he practised law in Pittsburgh, Pa., then in Cin-
cinnati, Ohio, where in 1833 he married Clara
Alsop Pomeroy, and in 1835 he settled in Nyes-
ville, Ohio, which he renamed Pomeroy. While
yet a law student he had become interested in the
coal deposits in the Ohio districts and went to
see the outcropping veins.. He carried samples
of the coal to Boston and succeeded in interest-
ing his friend Samuel W. Pomeroy, later his
father-in-law, from whose ground he had taken
the coal. Pomeroy and some friends thereupon
accompanied Horton to the region. They mined
about one thousand bushels of coal but their first
attempts at shipping it were unsuccessful. Later,
however, Pomeroy with his two sons and two
sons-in-law, C. W. Dabney and Horton, formed
a company and began to operate the mines. The
coal which was shipped from the region was
loaded on rafts and sent down the Ohio River,
but the current of the river made the return of
the rafts impossible and new barges had to be
built for each trip. Horton conceived the idea

238