Hough

cept the professorship of physiology at the Uni-
versity of Virginia. While in Boston, Hough in
collaboration with Sedgwick published The Hu-
man Mechanism (1906), a noteworthy book on
physiology, hygiene, and sanitation, which gained
wide recognition. In February 1916, he assumed
the duties of the deanship of the department of
medicine at the University of Virginia, in addi-
tion to his work as professor. During the period
of his incumbency as dean, 1916 to 1924, the
number of students was doubled, women were
admitted to the department for the first time, the
faculty was greatly enlarged, and the scope of
instruction broadened. Hough made signal con-
tributions to the general subject of medical edu-
cation, the most conspicuous of which were his
studies upon the proposed location of a state-sup-
ported medical school in Virginia. His cogent
arguments have permanent value in support of
the principle that medical education is properly
conceived as an integral part of a university
scheme, and that its interests are best served un-
der the conditions of close physical association
between medical school and university. (See
Alumni Bulletin of the University of Virginia,
January 1921.)

Hough was exceedingly well trained in the
methods of experimental physiology and, so far
as freedom from other duties permitted, he de-
voted himself to research work in this field. He
was especially interested in problems of respira-
tion, and some thoroughly sound work came from
his laboratory. Problems connected with hygiene
likewise appealed to him and occupied much of
his time. His first scientific paper was On the
Escape of the Heart from Vagus Inhibition
(1895), worked out while he was a graduate
student, under the guidance of Martin. He also
solved the problem of the physiology of the ex-
ternal intercostal muscles. As stated by his bi-
ographer, "his scientific work was not large in
volume, but it was admirable in quality" (How-
ell, post, p. 199). As a teacher he possessed
the power to attract and hold the attention of his
students, while as an administrator he had the
confidence of his colleagues, his thoroughness
and accuracy making him a dependable guide
and leader. It was the combination of these sev-
eral qualities, joined to his sincerity of character
and pleasing personality, that gave Hough his
standing in the scientific world and made him a
force in the field of medical education. Thorough-
ly scientific, with a keen appreciation of the rela-
tive values of the fundamental sciences in medi-
cal training and possessing sound judgment and
clear vision, he was a safe guide in matters of
medical curriculum, and during the later years of

Hough

his life his energies were devoted largely to
furthering the activities of the national confer-
ences on medical education. In 1909 he married
Ella Guy Whitehead of Richmond, Va. He died
suddenly in his office at the University of Vir-
ginia.

[W. H. Howell, "Memorial of Theodore Hough/1
Science, Feb. 20, 1925; Who's Who in America, 1924-
25; N, Y. Times, Dec. 2, 1924; information as to cer-
tain facts furnished by Dr. H. E. Jordan, University of
Virginia.] R.H.C

HOUGH, WARWICK (Jan. 26, 1836-0*.

28, 1915), Missouri lawyer, soldier, judge, son
of George W. and Mary (Shawen) Hough, both
natives of Loudoun County, Va., was born in
that county, a descendant of Richard Hough, of
Cheshire, England, who settled in Pennsylvania
in 1683. The family moved to Missouri in 1838,
settling in Jefferson City, the capital of the state.
After graduating from the University of Mis-
souri, Hough became chief clerk to the secretary
of state at Jefferson City, where he studied law
and was admitted to the bar in 1859. From 1858
to 1861 he was secretary of the Missouri Senate.
In January of the latter year he was appointed
adjutant-general of the state, then a position of
importance, because Gov. Claiborne Jackson was
determined to maintain the doctrine of state
rights, by arms if necessary. After the outbreak
of the Civil War, there were two contending
state governments in Missouri, the secessionist
government of Jackson, supported by the state
legislature, eventually recognized by the Con-
federacy, and the anti-secessionist government of
Provisional-Gov. Hamilton R. Gamble, support-
ed by the state convention and recognized by the
federal authorities. Accepting the economic prin-
ciples of the agricultural section of that part of
the state in which he lived, the fertile Missouri
Valley with large estates and slave labor, Hough
adhered to the secessionist government, serving
part of the time in the field with the state army
under Gen. Sterling Price and part of the time as
secretary of state. When the secessionist gov-
ernment of Missouri was overthrown, Hough
went south, was commissioned a captain in the
Confederate army, and served until his surren-
der in May 1865. For the next two years, 1865-
67, he practised law in Memphis, Tenn,, but after
the drastic test-oath requirement for practising
certain professions in Missouri was nullified by
the Supreme Court of the United States (Cum-
wings vs. Missouri, 4 Wallace* 277), he returned
to Missouri and for several years was an active
member of the bar of Jackson County. Elected
judge of the supreme court of Missouri in 1874,
he served a full term of ten years, being chief
justice for two years. From 1884 until his death

253