Howe

Committee of Thirty-three which attempted to
find a solution for the difficulties facing the coun-
try in the winter of 1860-61. On his retirement
from the House, he was appointed postmaster at
Detroit, an office which he held for five and a
half years. In the spring of 1869 he was offered
and declined the position of minister to China.
In that year he removed to Grand Rapids to as-
sume the duties of land commissioner of the
Grand Rapids & Indiana Railroad, and from
1872 to 1878 he served the Northern Pacific in a
similar capacity. In 1877 President Hayes ap-
pointed him governor of the Territory of Da-
kota; he accepted the office in April 1878 and
held it until his death. From 1860 to 1866 he was
chairman of the Republican state central com-
mittee; from 1872 to 1876 he was a member of
the Republican National Committee. He was a
delegate to the National Conventions of 1868,
1872, and 1876, serving in each year as chair-
man of the state delegation. It is believed that
it was his influence in 1876 that caused the
Michigan delegation to vote for Hayes, thus
starting a definite trend toward the latter's nomi-
nation.

Howard died in Washington, D. C. He was
survived by his widow, Ellen Jane (Birchard)
Howard, to whom he was married in Detroit on
Mar. i, 1841, and by two sons and by two daugh-
ters.

[Biography reprinted from Detroit Post and Tribune,
in Pioneer Colls. . . . State of Mich., vol. IV (1883) ;
sketch apparently edited by Howard himself in Am.
Biog. Hist. . . . Mich. Vol. (1878); W. C. Harris,
Public Life of Zachariah Chandler (1917); H. M. Dilla,
The Politics of Mich., 1865-78 (1912); Life of Zach-
ariah Chandler (1880), by members of the Post and
Tribune staff; Heman Howard, The Howard Geneal.
(1903) ; Detroit Free Press, Apr. 12, 1880.] J.O.K.

HOWE, ALBION PARRIS (Mar. 25, 1818-
Jan. 25, 1897), soldier, uncle of Lucien Howe
[#.z>.], was born in Standish, Me., the son of Dr.
Ebenezer Howe, a native of Massachusetts, and
Catherine Spring, of Conway, N. H. He was de-
scended from John Howe who settled at an early
date in Sudbury, Mass. He began his education
with the intention of going to college, and in
1836-37 taught at the Standish Academy, but he
later became interested in military affairs and
through the governor of the state secured an ap-
pointment to West Point, where he entered July
i, 1837. He was graduated in the class of 1841,
eighth in a class of fifty-two, and was commis-
sioned second lieutenant of the 4th Artillery.
From 1843 to 1846 he was detailed at West Point
as assistant professor in mathematics, but when
the Mexican War began he was sent to his regi-
ment, reaching Vera Cruz with Scott's army.
He was present at the siege of this city and took

Howe

part in the more important battles of the war.
He was brevetted captain, Aug. 20, 1847, for
gallant and meritorious service at Contreras and
Churubusco. After the war he was stationed in
various parts of the country, especially in the
South and West, then from 1856 to 1860 he
was for the most part in garrison at the artil-
lery school at Fortress Monroe. During John
Brown's raid, he was sent with his battery to
Harper's Ferry, where he remained on duty until
peace was restored. He was married, in 1859, to
Elizabeth Law Mehaffey of Gettysburg, Pa.

Upon the outbreak of the Civil War Howe re-
ported to McClellan and served through the West
Virginia campaign. Then, after duty in Wash-
ington, D. C, he went with McClellan to York-
town and took part in the Peninsular campaign.
He later served in the siege of Yorktown and in
the battles of Williamsburg, Manassas, South
Mountain, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Marye's
Heights, Salem, and Gettysburg. For gallant
and meritorious service at Malvern Hill, where
his division held an important position in the
defense, he was later brevetted major in the
regular army. For similar services at Salem
Heights, Va., he was brevetted lieutenant-colonel
in the regular army, and for his conduct at Rap-
pahannocfc Station, Va., he received a brevet as
colonel in the regular army. Subsequently he
was engaged at Mine Run and afterward put in
command of the large artillery depot at Wash-
ington, D. C., where he served from Mar. 2,1864,
to Aug. 2,1866. When Lincoln was assassinated,
Howe was one of the guard of honor which stood
watch over the remains at the White House and
later accompanied the body to Springfield. On
his return to Washington, he was made a mem-
ber of the commission that tried the conspirators.
In 1866 he was a member of the Artillery Board
and, with General Hardie, appointed inspector of
all arms and military stores in the forts and ar-
senals of this country. Later he was made a
member of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen,
and Abandoned Lands. On June 30, 1882, while
stationed at Fort Adams, R. L, commanding his
old regiment, the 4th Artillery, he was retired
from active service. He died at Cambridge,
Mass., and was buried at Mt Auburn Cemetery.

[For printed sources, see G. W. Culltim, Biog. Reg.
. . . U. S. Mil. Acad. (ed. 1891), vol. II; Battles and
Leaders of the Civil War, vols. I, II, and III (1887-
88) ; J. G, Nicolay and John Hay, Abraham Lincoln. A
Hist (1890), vols. VII, IX, and X; and D. W. Howe,
Howe Geneals... . John Howe of Sudbury and Marl-
borough, Mass, (1929). A manuscript monograph of
Howe has been prepared by His son, William detancey
Howe, Boston, Mass.] J.W.W.

HOWE, ANDREW JACKSON (Apr. 14,
i825-Jan. 16, 1892), surgeoc, was born in Pax-

283