Hubbard

national university, and as organizer and chair-
man of a national committee of four hundred to
promote the establishment of such an institution,
he devoted himself to the project, especially after
he moved to Washington in 1891.

Hoyt's other activities were numerous. He
served as Wisconsin state commissioner at the
London International Exhibition of 1862, and as
national commissioner to the Paris Universal
Exposition of 1867 and to the Vienna Interna-
tional Exhibition of 1873. His published works
include a "Report on Education" (Reports of the
United States Commissioners to the Paris Uni-
versal Exposition, 1870, vol. VI), written after
he had made a survey of European educational
institutions; Studies in Civil Service (1884);
An Agricidtural Survey of Wyoming (1893);
and further reports on educational institutions
abroad published in the Reports of the Commis-
sioner of Education. He also edited Volumes V
to X, inclusive, of the Transactions of the Wis-
consin State Agricultural Society (1860-72).
He was a member of the British Association for
the Promotion of Social Science and of the
American Association for the Advancement of
Science.

[D. W. Hoyt, A Geneal. Hist, of the Hoyt, Haight,
and Hight Families (1871); Who's Who in America,
1912-13; I. S. Bartlett, Hist, of Wyo. (1918), vol. I;
Evening t Star (Washington, D. C.), May
manuscript autobiography of Hoyt.]

24,
H.J.P—n.

HUBBARD, DAVID (c. 1792-Jan. 20, 1874),
Alabama politician, congressman, was born at
Old Liberty (now Bedford City), Va., the son
of Thomas and Margaret Hubbard. His father
was a Revolutionary soldier. While his son was
still a child he moved his family to Tennessee.
There David received his elementary education
and entered an academy. When Andrew Jackson
called for volunteers to fight the British at New
Orleans he promptly enlisted. Reckless fighting
brought him a serious wound in the hip and the
rank of major. After the war he studied law
briefly in a lawyer's office. In 1819 he appeared
in Huntsville, Ala., as a carpenter but four years
later he opened a law office in Florence and was
elected solicitor. Though deficient in schooling,
he possessed qualities that made him formidable
before a pioneer jury. In 1827 he moved to Law-
rence County, where he spent the major part of
his life in law practice, merchandising, planting,
manufacturing, and politics. Twice married—
first, to Eliza Campbell, daughter of George W.
Campbell, secretary of the treasury under Madi-
son; second, to Rebecca Stoddert, daughter of
Benjamin Stoddert, secretary of war under John
Adams—he was the father of six children. He

Hubbard

was a successful lawyer and a shrewd business
man. With slave labor he successfully operated
several kinds of small manufactories. He was
the leading promoter of Alabama's first railroad
and a trustee of the state university.

From 1823 to 1860 Hubbard was almost con-
stantly in politics. He was a born politician and
a master at stirring up the people, possessing the
art and fire of a popular tribune. No debater
took him lightly. He was an ultra-state-rights
Democrat and classed as a "fire-eater" for his
impassioned defense of the South against the
protective tariff and abolition. Nevertheless,
though a slave-owner and a man of large means,
he championed the cause of the poor whites,
helping to force upon the planters the "white"
basis of representation which enlarged the vot-
ing power of the farmer counties in the legis-
lature and advocating a land policy that would
enable the poor to possess fertile soil. His witty
sayings and humorous stories, his bulky form
with stooping shoulders and disproportionately
long arms, his broad and wen-marked brow, his
harsh voice and awkward but vigorous manners
made him a long-remembered figure in north
Alabama. He served nine terms in the legisla-
ture, two terms in Congress, was three times
presidential elector, and represented Alabama in
the Southern commercial congress of 1859, He
was thrice defeated for Congress and once for
governor, his defeats coming when the state-
rights feeling was low, though his defense of the
poor also contributed to his political reverses.
He opposed the compromise measures of 1850
and ten years later warmly espoused secession.
He was elected to the Confederate Congress in
1861 and served until 1863, when he was ap-
pointed commissioner of Indiatj affairs. He had
been a successful dealer in Chickasaw lands, and
under his tactful promptings the Indians were
generally detached from the Union cause. After
the war, which ruined him financially, he moved
to Springhill, Tenn., where with the assistance
of his former slaves he regained part of his for-
tune before death overtook him. He died at the
home of his son in Pointe Coupee Parish, La.,
and was buried from Trinity Church (Epis-
copal), Rosedale, Iberville Parish, on Jan. 23,
1874.

[Information from F. R. King, of Tuscumbia, Ala/f
and former sheriff Masterson of Moulton, Ala.; Willis
Brewer, Alabama (1872) ; Wm. Garrett, Reminiscences
of Public Men in Ala. (1872); A. B. Moore, Hist, of
Ala. and Her People (3 vols., 1927) ; T. M. Owen, Hist,
of Ala. and Diet, of Ala. Biog. (1921), vol. Ill; J. E.
Satmders, Early Settlers in Ala. (1890); Biog. Dir.
Am. Cong. (1928) and information from the files of
the Joint Committee on Printing, U. S. Capitol, Wash-
ington.] A.B.M—e.

322