Hubbard

pists of the city. In 1868 his packing plant was
burned, and he lost most of his property and
business in the great Chicago fire of 1871. Crip-
pled financially, he retired to private life.

In 1831 he married Elenora Berry of Urbana,
Ohio, who died seven years later. By this mar-
riage he had one son. In 1843 he married Mary
Ann Hubbard of Middleboro, Mass.

[The Autobiog. of Gurdon Saltonstall Hubbard
(1911), with an introduction by Caroline M. Mcllvaine;
H. E. Hamilton, Incidents and Events in the Life of
Gurdon Saltonstall Hubbard (1888), containing the au-
tobiography ; H. E. Hamilton, Biog. Sketch of Gurdon
Saltonstall Hubbard (1908); Mary Ann Hubbard,
Family Memories (1912) ; E. W. Day, One Thousand
Years of Hubbard Hist. (1895) ; H. L. Conard, in Mag.
of Western Hist., Sept. 1899; H. W. Beckwith, Hist,
of Vermilion County (1879), p. 334; A. T. Andreas,
Hist, of Chicago, vols. I (1884), II (1885); Chicago
Hist. Soc. Colls., vol. IV (1890); Daily Inter Ocean
(Chicago), Sept. 15, 1886.] R.A*C.

HUBBARD, HENRY GRISWOLD (Oct. 8,
i8i4-July 29, 1891), inventor, manufacturer,
was born in Middletown, Conn. A descendant of
George Hubbard who settled at Hartford in 1639
and died in Middletown in 1684, he was the son
of Elijah and Lydia (Mather) Hubbard. After
attending1 the public schools in his native town
until he was fourteen, he prepared for college in
Captain Partridge's Military Academy, Nor-
wich, Conn., and in Ellington High School, and
entered Wesleyan University at Middletown.
Poor health compelled him to leave college be-
fore graduating and in 1831 he began working as
a clerk in the store of J. & S. Baldwin in Middle-
town. A few months later he became a clerk in
the woolen-goods wholesale house of Jabez Hub-
bard in New York, but after two years returned
to Middletown and opened a drygoods store in
partnership with Jesse G. Baldwin. This enter-
prise must have been successful, for Hubbard
saved some money with which he bought stock
in the Russell Manufacturing Company of Mid-
dletown, and at the age of twenty-one became the
manager. This concern was engaged in the
manufacture of cotton webbing and for the first
few years after Hubbard joined it achieved little
success, partly because of the financial strin-
gency of 1837. About 1841, however, Hubbard
applied his inventive powers to the conversion of
the existing machinery in his plant to the pur-
pose of reducing India rubber to thread and
weaving it into elastic webbing. Up to this time
elastic webbing had been made in the United
States only on hand looms. Hubbard secured
from Scotland a weaver somewhat experienced
in this form of textile and the two soon perfected
the necessary machines and produced the first
successful elastic web woven on power looms,
Hubbard is, therefore, looked upon as the pioneer

Hubbard

of elastic web manufacture in the United States.
In 1850 he purchased the entire control of the
Russell Manufacturing Company and bought the
patents of Lewis Hope for improvements in elas-
tic web manufacture. With Hope's assistance he
made the business a profitable enterprise. The
products of the plant soon included both elastic
and non-elastic webbing of almost every variety
and pattern. The plant was enlarged continu-
ously; at the time of Hubbard's death it em-
ployed over a thousand workmen and included
three spinning mills containing 15,000 spindles
which produced over a million pounds of double
and twisted yarn in a year, and weaving mills
containing over 400 looms and 5,000 shuttles.
Not only an extremely efficient merchant but a
mechanic as well, Hubbard constantly kept in
close touch with the mechanical developments in
his plant and patented a number of inventions of
his own. He served one term in the Connecticut
Senate in 1866. He was also a director of the
Middletown Bank, president and trustee of the
Middletown Savings Bank, and director in a
number of other corporations. He was married
on June 19, 1844, to Charlotte Rosella Mac-
donough, daughter of Commodore Thomas Mac-
donough, the hero of the battle of Lake Cham-
plain.

[E. W. Day, One Thousand Years of Hubbard Hist.
(1895); Hist, of Middlesex County, Conn. (1884);
Morning Jour, and Courier (New Haven), July 30,
1891; Patent Office records.] C.W.M.

HUBBARD, HENRY GUERNSEY (May 6,
i8so-Jan. 18, 1899), entomologist, a descendant
of George Hubbard who settled at Wethersfield,
Conn., before 1639 and later moved to Guilford,
Conn., was bom at Detroit, Mich. His parents
were Bela and Sarah (Baughman) Hubbard.
His father, a native of Hamilton, N. Y., moved
to Michigan in 1835 and became a prominent
and wealthy citizen of Detroit. A man of strong
scientific tendencies, deeply interested in botany,
forestry, arboriculture, and archeology, he served
for a time as assistant to the state geologist and
was the author of Memorials of a Half-Century
in Michigan and the Lake Region (1888).
Henry, as a boy, was well acquainted with the
life habits of the birds, mammals, and other wild
creatures about Detroit. He was educated at a
private school in Cambridge, Mass., and for sev-
eral years under private tutors in Europe. He
graduated from Harvard in 1873. Through as-
sociation there with H. A. Hagen, C R. Osten
Sacken, and E. A. Schwarz [qgu] his attention
became fixed on the subject of entomology. In
1874 he started a private museum m Detroit
and, with Schwarz, began the formation of a

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