Hubbard

finance and advertise Peary's expeditions. In
this connection, with H, C. Mitchell and C. P.
Duvall he published a pamphlet, To Students of
Arctic Exploration (n.d.).

He was married, Jan. 28, 1868, to Sibyl A.
Fahnestock of Harrisburg, Pa., who, with three
of their five children, survived him.

[H. S. Burrage, Thomas Hamlin Hubbard (1923);
G. C. Holt, "Memorial of Thomas H. Hubbard," in
The Asso. of the Bar of the City of N. Y,: Year Book,
1917; H. W. Jessup, "Memorial of Thomas Hamlin
Hubbard," in N. Y. County Lawyers' Asso. Year Book,
1916; files of railroad journals during the period of
Hubbard's activity; E. W. Day, One Thousand Years
of Hubbard Hist. (1895); Mil, Order of the Loyal
Legion Commandery of N. Y. Circular No. 10,

ser. of 1913; R. E. Peary, The North Pole (1910);
Fitehugh Green, Peary: The Man Who Refused to
Fail (1926) ; N. Y. Timest May 20,1915,] R. E.R.

HUBBARD, WILLIAM (c. i&i-Sept. 14,
1704), Congregational clergyman, historian, was
born in England, the fourth child of William
Hubbard of Ipswich, Suffolk, and came with his
father to New England in 1635. The family set-
tled the same year at Ipswich, Mass. Young Wil-
liam entered Harvard College, graduating with
the first class in 1642. While at Harvard he
studied medicine among other things. About
1646 he married Margaret Rogers, the daughter
of Nathaniel Rogers, and in 1653 was made a
freeman. He seems to have reached the mature
age of thirty-five before determining to become
a minister. He entered the ministry by joining
Thomas Cobbet as colleague at Ipswich in 1656
and two years later was ordained. He was
among the fifteen elders who protested in 1671
against the censure passed by the General Court
on "the generality of the ministry" for innova-
tion and apostasy in connection with the found-
ing of the third church at Boston. He attended
the session of ministers called by the General
Court in the summer of 1685 to give advice con-
cerning surrender of the charter. Hubbard ap-
pears to have acted as spokesman to deliver their
advice, though some of the ministers denied that
the meeting had taken the stand he reported, or
had asked him to report

He was among the ringleaders in the Ipswich
opposition to the collection of taxes by the An-
dros government in 1687. He was present at a
special caucus of selectmen and leading citizens,
among them two ministers, held at the home of
John Appleton the night before the famous town
meeting, but he escaped punishment. He served
as substitute for the president of Harvard Col-
lege in July 1684, on the illness of President John
Rogers, his wife's grandfather; and in 1688
when the rector, Increase Mather, departed for
England to seek redress for New England at

Hubbard

the court of King James, Hubbard temporarily
filled his place. When Sir William Phips, who
had been knighted 5n 1687 for discovering a
sunken treasure vessel, arrived at Boston, Hub-
bard referred to him in the Commencement ora-
tion as "Jason fetching the Golden Fleece." He
was apparently not in sympathy with the witch-
craft program of the 1690*3, for he helped one
poor woman to escape by certifying to her good
character, and he, with several other ministers
of Essex, petitioned the General Court in July
1703 in behalf of sufferers still under legal dis-
abilities.

In 1677 he published his Narrative of the
Troubles with the Indians in New-England,
which appeared in England the same year under
the title The Present State of New-England,
With John Higginson he wrote A Testimony, to
the Order of the Gospel, in the Churches of New-
England (1701). His most pretentious piece of
work, however, was A General History of New
England from the Discovery to MDCLXXX,
the purpose of which was "to render a just ac-
count of the proceedings of that people, together
with the merciful providence of the Almighty
towards them." The General Court gave him
support in this undertaking by voting him £50
in 1682 in order that a record of God's care over
the people of New England might be preserved
for posterity. Much of his material was bor-
rowed from Morton's Memorial and Winthrop's
Journal. The work was not published until 1815,
when it appeared in the Collections of the Massa-
chusetts Historical Society (2 sen, vois. V, VI),
but for more than a century before it had been
the source of most of the information concern-
ing early New England, and it had furnished
Cotton Mather and Thomas Prince with much
of the material for their histories.

Hubbard left three children by his first wife.
In his old age, after her death, he shocked his
parishioners by marrying his housekeeper, Mary,
the widow of Samuel Pearce, of whom they dis-
approved because they thought her unfit for the
exalted position of minister's wife. In August
1702 he resigned from his pastorate, on May 6,
1703, he formally relinquished his pulpit and his
people gave him £60. He died in the following
year,

[J. L. Sibley, Biog. Sketches Grads. of Harvard
U*iv.t vol. I (1873) J Colonial Soc. of Mass. Pubs., vol.
XIII (1912); Abraham Hammatt, The Hammatt Pa-

IV (1854), Pt. II, PP. 489-94, vol. V (1854), PP. *79,
378, 395; Mass. Hist. Soc. Colls., i ser., X (1809) ; 5
ser,, V (1878), p. 219; T. F. Waters, Ipswich in th*
Mass. Bay Colony, I, II (1905-17); Thomas Hutefcin-
son, The Hist, of Mass.-Bay, vol. I (1764); J. F. Felt,

333