Huger

in the suburban traffic of many railroads and
upon the elevated railroads of New York. Hud-
son became a citizen of the United States on Oct.
22, 1841. He married Ann Elizabeth Cairns of
Lanton Hill, Jedburgh, Scotland, at Kingston,
N. Y., on Oct. 6, 1836, who with one daughter
survived him.

[L. R. Trumbull, A Hist, of Industrial Pater son

(1882) ; M. N. Forney, memoir in Report of Proc,___

of the Am. Railway Master Mechanics9 Asso.t 1882;
Am. Railroad Jour.t July 30, 1881; Railroad Gazette,
July 29,1881; Newark Daily Advertiser, July 22,1881;
Patent Office records; National Museum correspond-
^c^l C.W.M.

HUGER, BENJAMIN (Nov. 22, iSos-Dec.
7, 1877), soldier, son of Francis Kinloch [#.z>.]
and Harriott Lucas (Pinckney) Huger, was
born at Charleston, S. C. He entered the United
States Military Academy in 1821, graduated
four years later, and was commissioned second
lieutenant of artillery on July i, 1825. After three
years in the topographical service, he visited
Europe on leave of absence. He was made a
captain of ordnance on May 30, 1832, and at-
tained the rank of major on Feb. 15, 1855. At
different times he commanded the arsenal at
Fortress Monroe, the armory at Harpers Ferry,
and the arsenals at Pikesville, Md., and at Charles-
ton. He was a member of the ordnance board of
the department of war, from 1839 to 1846, and
a member of a military commission sent abroad
to study European methods of war in 1840. In
the Mexican War he was chief of ordnance un-
der General Scott. For gallant conduct at Vera
Cruz, Molino del Rey, and Chapultepec, he was
successively brevetted major, lieutenant-colonel,
and colonel. After the fall of Fort Sumter he
resigned his commission and entered the Con-
federate service. He was made brigadier-gen-
eral and later, major-general. On May 23,1861,
he was placed in command of the Department of
Norfolk, which was subsequently enlarged to in-
clude some counties in North Carolina. When
McCIellan was preparing to pass up the Pen-
insula to attempt to capture Richmond, and
Wool, who commanded at Fortress Monroe, was
planning to take Norfolk, Huger believed him-
self too weak to withstand any serious attack*
Therefore he dismantled the fortifications, re-
moved the stores, set fire to the navy yard, blew
up the Merritiwc, and withdrew from the city
on May 9,1862. In the Peninsular campaign he
commanded a division of Johnston's army and
participated in the battles of Seven Pines, Games's
Mill, Glendale, and Malvern HilL He was not
successful as a field commander. An investiga-
tion in the Confederate Congress held him re-
sponsible for the disaster at Roanoke Island on

Huger

Feb. 8,1862 ( War of the Rebellion: Official Rec-
ords, Army, i sen, vol. IX, pp. 190-91). General
Longstreet criticized him severely for his dila-
tory movements at Seven Pines (Ibid., vol. XI,
pt. 3, p. 580; for defense see G. W. Smith, The
Battle of Seven Pines, 1891). Although his po-
sition enabled him to watch McClellan's move-
ments after the battle of Gaines's Mill, he did not
notice the Federal retreat until a whole day had
passed, and then he lost himself in White Oak
Swamp. After the battle of Malvern Hill he
failed to cut off McClellan's retreat On July 12
he was relieved of his command and was assigned
as inspector of artillery and ordnance. He was
transferred to the Trans-Mississippi Army,
where he continued until after the surrender of
Lee, On Feb. 17, 1831, he married his cousin
Elizabeth Celestine Pinckney. Five children
were born to them. After the war he lived on a
farm in Fauquier County, Va.> but late in life
he returned to Charleston, where he died.

[War of the Rebellion: Official Record* (Army) ; G.
W. Cullum, Biog. Reg. of Officers and Grads. of the
U. S. Mil. Acad., 3rd ed. (1891), vol. I; Battles and
Leaders of the Civil War, vols. I, II (1887-88) ; A. S.
Webb, The Peninsula (1881); E. P. Alexander, The
Am. Civil War (1908); T. F. Dwight, Campaigns in
Va. (1895) ; S. C. Hist, and Genial. Mug,, July 1901,
Jan. 1902; News and Courier (Charleston), Dec. 8,
1871. Much of the material for this and the following
sketches was gathered by Mrs. Harriette K. Leiding,
Charleston, S. C] J.G.Y-D.

HUGER, DANIEL ELLIOTT (June 28,
i779-Aug. 21,1854), judge and South Carolina
Unionist, was the son of Daniel and Sabina (El-
liott) Huger and the nephew of Isaac and John
Huger [qqw.]. His father, who was active in
the early Revolution and, later, went to the Con-
tinental Congress and to the Federal Congress,
was one of those prominent citizens who "took
protection" under the Crown when British au-
thority was reestablished in South Carolina after
the fall of Charleston (Edward McCrady, The
History of South Carolina in the Revolution,
1901, p. 728). Young Daniel Elliott was edu-
cated by private tutors and at the College of New
Jersey (later Princeton), where he graduated
(A3.) in 1798. He studied law under Chan-
cellor DeSaussure, was admitted to the bar in
1799, and was elected to the legislature in 1804.
Although a Federalist, he refused to Mow his
party in opposition to the War of 1812, In 1814
he was commissioned brigadier-general of state
troops, but the close of the war prevented his
taking the field. He returned to the legislature
in 1815 and served until 1819. On December n,
1819, he was elected circuit judge to succeed
Langdon Cheves, who became president of the
United States Bank In 1830, when the mdU-

343