Hullihen

energetic and very able soldier, took command in
person. Hull retreated to Detroit, and after futile
attempts to open his communications with Ohio,
surrendered his army and fortifications to Brock
on Aug. 16, 1812. His excuses were that he was
cut of? from his base of supplies with provisions
that would last a month at most, that he was un-
able to break through the encircling enemy, and
that resistance would expose the population of
the territory to Indian massacre* The court mar-
tial which tried him upon charges of treason,
cowardice, and neglect of duty found him guilty
upon the second and third counts and sentenced
him to be shot President Madison approved the
sentence, but remanded its execution because of
Hull's Revolutionary services. These charges
would hardly be sustained today. Blame should
fall, first, upon a faultily conceived plan of cam-
paign, for which Hull was jointly responsible
with his superiors, Secretary Eustis and Presi-
dent Madison; second, upon Hull's excessive con-
cern for the safety of non-combatants (part of
his own family among them), which was greater
than a soldier can well afford to exercise. His
surrender without a battle was a blow to Amer-
ican morale from which it took nearly two years
to recover. Hull was dropped from the army
and spent his remaining years with his family at
Newton, Mass. Three days after the General's
surrender his nephew, Capt. Isaac Hull, com-
manded the Constitution in her victory over the
Guerriere*

[See Revolutionary Services and Civil Life of Gen.
Wm. Hull Prepared from His Manuscripts, by His
Daughter, Mrs. Maria Campbell: together unth the
Hist, of the Campaign of 1812, and Surrender of the
Post of Detroit, by His Grandson^ James Freeman
Clarke (18^8) ; Report of the Trial of Brig. Gen. Wm.
Hull (1814;; two defenses prepared and published by
Hull himself, Defence of Brig. Gen. W. Hull (1814),
and Memoirs of the Campaign of the North Western
Army (1824) ; E. A. Cniikshank, Docs. Relating to the
Invasion of Canada and the Surrender of Detroit, 1812
{Pubs, of the Canadian Archives, no. 7, 1912) and
''General Hull's Invasion of Canada in 1812," Trans, of
the Royal Society of Canada, 3 ser., vol. I, sect. II,
no. Ill (1908) ; Henry Adams, Hist, of the U. $., voL
VI {1890); C. H, Weygant, The Hull Family in Amer-
ica (1913) ; F. B. Dexter, Biog. Sketches Grads. Yale
Coll., vol. Ill (1903) ; Charles Moore, Governor,, Judge
and Priest (1891); Columbian Ctntinel (Boston), Nov.
30, 1825. J. G. Van Deusen makes an able presentation
of the case for Hull in two articles in the Mich. Hist.
M*9-> July, Oct 1928.] j w< p^

HULLIHEN, SIMON P, (Dec. 10, iSio-Mar.
27, 1857), plastic surgeon and dentist, son of
Thomas and Rebecca (Freeze) Hullihen, was
feoru In Point Township, Northumberland Ccmn-
ty, Pa. His academic education was limited to
that available in the township district school and
VM eoi8i)feted at the age of seventeen years.
TWiea be was abotjt time, he feU into a smoulder-

Hullihen

ing kiln, an accident which resulted in severe
burns on both feet, inability to walk for about
two years, and permanent contractures that
greatly handicapped him throughout life. His
innate ingenuity enabled him to construct plaster
models for a shoe last that permitted him to walk
with some degree of comfort His interest in
surgery and dentistry became an absorbing one,
and before reaching manhood he had developed
such dexterity in the extraction of teeth that all
work of this nature was referred to him by the
medical practitioners of the community.

He began the practice of surgery and dentistry
at Canton, Ohio, in 1832. Two years later he
married a Miss E. Fundenburg at Pittsburgh
and immediately moved to Wheeling, Va. (now
W. Va.). The degree of M.D. was conferred on
him by the medical department of Washington
College, Baltimore, Md He was especially in-
terested in plastic surgery and operative surgical
procedures involving face, mouth, nose, eyes, and
teeth. In the early days of his practice in Wheel-
ing he encountered much underhanded oppo-
sition; but his sterling qualities as a man, his
eminent professional qualifications, and his sym-
pathy for the needy and those in distress soon put
his critics to shame. He was richly endowed with
the creative instinct and manual dexterity. These
faculties, combined with excellent judgment, na-
tive ability, a thorough knowledge of anatomy,
and a tendency to work out improvements in
operative technique, enabled him to contribute
greatly to plastic surgery of the face and mouth.
His most important contributions were those re-
lating to operations for cleft palate, harelip, and
deformities of the lower jaw, the nose, and the
lips. He was also a distinguished dentist and
devised many dental instruments and new and
improved methods for treating diseases of the
teeth. Among his published articles are "Hare-
Lip and Its Treatment/' American Journal of
Dentd Science,, June 1844; "Cleft Palate and Its
Treatment/' Ibid., March 1845; "Abscess of the
Jaws and Its Treatment/' Ibid., December 1846;
"Cases of Tic Douloureux/' Ibid., October 1848;
"Observations on Such Diseases of the Teeth, as
Induce Facial Neuralgia or Tic Douloureux/'
Dental Register, January 1850,

His interest in civic affairs and social condi-
tions was unflagging. It was due primarily to
his efforts that the Wheeling Hospital came into
being as a corporate body on Mar. 12,1850. Per-
haps his greatest contribution to medicine in its
broadest sense was the conception, which he con-
stantly advocated, that the practice of dentistry
is one of the specialties of medicine and that den-
tal practitioners should have the same type of

364