Humbert

training in the basic medical sciences as do prac-
titioners in other branches of the healing art.

[North Am. Medico-Chirurgical Rev., Jan. 1858 ; Am.
Jour, of Dental Science, Apr. 1857; Dental Register,
June 1857; Quart. Jour, of Dental Sci., Apr. 1857; A.
D. Black's Index of the Periodical Dental Literature,
1839-1875, gives a list of articles published by Hulli-
hen.] J.F.S.

HUMBERT, JEAN JOSEPH AMABLE

(Nov. 25, i755-Jan- 2> ^23), French general,
resident of New Orleans who served tinder Jack-
son, was a typical son of the French Revolution.
Born in Rouvray (Meuse) of humble parentage
and orphaned at an early age, he earned his live-
lihood as best he could until 1792 when he or-
ganized a company of volunteers to help protect
invaded France. Within two years he became
general of brigade taking an active part in Jaco-
bin circles in Paris. Sent into Vendee, he soon
took a leading role in the merciless pacification
of that revolted province. In 1798 he was in Ire-
land hoping to join Irish revolutionists against
the English. The English overwhelmed his little
French army, but Humbert was exchanged and
was soon on his way to join Massena under
whom he was wounded near Zurich in 1799. His
next activity was with Le Clerc in the expedition
to Santo Domingo which captured the leader of
black revolt, Toussaint UOuverture. By win-
ning the affection of Le Gere's widow, Pauline
Bonaparte, whom Napoleon had destined to mar-
ry a Borghese, Humbert incurred Napoleon's
displeasure. Exiled in Brittany, he fled to the
United States, apparently arriving in New Or-
leans in 1814. He took an active part in the bat-
tle of New Orleans, delighted at the opportunity
to fight the English. He directed the mounted
scouts and was commended by Jackson in Gen-
eral Orders of Jan. 21, 1815, for having "con-
tinually exposed himself to the greatest dangers
with characteristic bravery" (Fortier, post, III,
189). The following year Humbert joined a fili-
bustering expedition to Mexico, hoping to take
part in the Mexican war of liberation, but he
arrived too late. Returning to New Orleans, he
taught school, ending his years in dissipation,
and dying of dysentery after a long illness. The
French Restauration paid him a pension for a
short while. The records of the Saint Louis
Cathedral, New Orleans, show that he was buried
in the parochial cemetery on Jan. 3, 1823. He
was accorded a military burial and his funeral
was well attended

Humbert was a product of the French Revo-
lution ; as cruel as he was brave, he did the work
assigned regardless of humanity; a martinet in
discipline, trained in European warfare, he was
a true soldier of the Napoleonic era. Louisiana

Hume

tradition paints him as tall, possessor of a pleas-
ant personality and good manners. He is the
hero of Ponsard's drama Le Lion amoureux
(1866).

[Biographic Univcrsctte (Michaud), vol. XX (1858);
J. G. Rosengarten, French Colonists and Exiles in the
U. $, (1907); Alcee Fortier, A Hist, of La. (1904),
vol. Ill; S. C. Arthur, The Story of the Battle of New
Orleans (1915). H. C. Casteilanos, New Orleans as
It Was (1895) ; E. L. M. Guillen, La France ct Vlrlande
sous le Direct oirc (1888), pp. 366 ff.; Courricr Ac la
Louisiane (New Orleans), Jan, 6, 1823.] L.CD.

HUME, ROBERT ALLEN (Mar. 18, 1847-
June 24, 1929), Congregational clergyman, mis-
sionary, the son of Robert Wilson and Hannah
Derby (Sackett) Hume, was born at Byculla,
Bombay, India, where his parents were mis-
sionaries of the American Board of Commission-
ers for Foreign Missions. He was a grandson
of Robert Hume of Berwickshire, Scotland, who
emigrated to America and settled in Galway, N.
Y,, in 1795. On the death of his father in 1854,
young Robert went with his mother, a brother,
and five sisters to Springfield, Mass. He pre-
pared for college at the Springfield high school
and at Williston Academy, and entered Yale in
1864. During his college course he won prizes
in English composition and took high rank as a
scholar. After graduation in 1868 he spent the
ensuing year as a teacher in General Russell's
Collegiate and Commercial Institute, New Ha-
ven. He was a student in Yale Divinity School
during the next two years and received from
the College the degree of M.A. in 1871. He
then taught one year in the Edwards School,
Stockbridge, Mass., and entered Andover Theo-
logical Seminary, from which he received the
degree of B.D. in 1873. He was ordained to the
Congregational ministry on May 10, 1874, in
New Haven, and on July 7 was married to Abbie
Lyon Burgess, daughter of the Rev. Ebenezer
Burgess, of New Haven. Hume and his wife
sailed in August 1874, from New York for Bom-
bay, via Glasgow, under appointment as mis-
sionaries of the American Board. Being as-
signed on his arrival to Ahmednagar, he began
his service there in October. That city was his
headquarters during his entire missionary ca-
reer. He founded there in 1878 a theological
seminary, known as United Divinity College
since 1921 when the United Free Church of Scot-
land joined in the work, and remained its head
until 1926. This was his chief, although by no
means his only, work. For forty years he was
superintendent of the Parner district, west of
Ahmednagar, in which over a thousand conver-
sions occurred and eighteen churches and schools
were built during his administration. He served

365