Hutchinson United States, were run under his direction. His first expedition, beginning in September 1783, had to be abandoned on account of "the uncertain state of the Indians." His second ex- pedition, from May 23, 1786, to Feb. 21, 1787, was carried out under the protection of a mili- tary escort. The plats of four ranges (now in the drafting division of the United States Gen- eral Land Office) were submitted to Congress on Apr. 18,1787. In that year he ran the boundary line between New York and Massachusetts. On Sept 2, 1788, he began his third expedition to complete the seven ranges. When he had pro- ceeded beyond Pittsburgh, illness forced him to return thither, where he died on Apr. 28, 1789. The Gazette of the United States concluded a commendatory memorial notice by the remark, "he has measured much earth, but a small space now contains him." [F. C. Hicks, Thomas Hutchins. A Topographical Description of Va.} Pa., Md., and N. C. (1904) ; West- ern Reserve and Northern Ohio Hist. Soc.t Tract No. 22 (Aug. 1874); N. Y. Daily Gazette, May 20, 1789.] F.C.H. HUTCHINSON, ANNE (1591-1643), ban- ished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony be- cause of her religious beliefs, was born in Alford, Lincolnshire, England, and was baptized on July 20, 1591. Her father, Francis Marbury, a spir- ited English divine, was known for his Puritan leanings and more than once received the cen- sure of the Established Church. Her mother, Bridget Dryden, was Marbury's second wife and the daughter of John Dryden of Canon's Ashby in Northamptonshire. In 1605 the family moved to London. Reared in a household which at once represented breeding and intelligence, Anne was exposed from her birth to the religious discus- sions of the time and must have absorbed some of her father's liberal beliefs at an early age. On Aug. 9, 1612, she was married to William Hutchinson, the son of a well-to-do merchant, and went to his home in Alford to live. There she spent the next twenty-two years of her life and bore her husband fourteen children. In 1633 their eldest son, Edward, emigrated to Massa- chusetts Bay with John Cotton [q.v.]9 previ- ously vicar of St Botolph's in old Boston, whose preaching had inclined Anne Hutchinson to at- tend his church. The following year, with her husband and family, she emigrated to Massa- chusetts on the Griffin, arriving in September* In the new colony she won respect for her vigor- ous intellect and was loved for her kindliness. She was a thorough student of the Bible and soon her restless and inquiring mind led her to take a strong part in the religious life of the cotmttunity. At first she held informal meet- Hutchinson ings of women at her house and on these occa- sions she would discuss the sermons of the pre- vious Sunday. She then ventured to expound her own religious beliefs and advocated the preaching of a "covenant of grace"—a religion based upon the individual's direct intuition of God's grace and love—as opposed to the preach- ing of a "covenant of works'*—a religion based upon obedience to the laws of church and state. Inasmuch as the polity of the Massachusetts church was based upon the latter, her criticisms of the clergy and assertions of her own doctrine soon stirred the colony to its foundations. She was labeled an antinomian by her opponents and was accused of advocating a religion which ab- solved its adherents from obedience to moral law. At first the Rev. John Cotton agreed with her views and was of her party, as were her brother-in-law, the Rev. John Wheelwright, and Henry Vane [