Hutton

Charleston, he was one of the political leaders
arrested and was imprisoned at St. Augustine
from September 1780 to July 1781. While there
he is said to have added Spanish to the list of
languages in which he was proficient. He was
elected to the Assembly which met in January
1782 at Jacksonborough, and in that month
became lieutenant-governor. The next year he
was chosen as the first intendant of the city of
Charleston. On the organization of the chan-
cery or equity court in 1784 he, John Rutledge,
and John Mathews [qq.vJ] were elected the first
chancellors. He became senior judge of this
court in 1791, and resigned in 1793. He sat as a
member for St. Andrew's in the state convention
which ratified the United States Constitution in
1787, and in the House of Representatives in
1789. In both his votes were with the conserva-
tive dominant class of the low country. Family
tradition claims that he was ruined by his pa-
triotism in voluntarily taking paper money at
the close of the Revolution; but he continued to
live on his plantation and in 1790 had seventeen
slaves. He died in Charleston, unmarried. His
will and his few extant letters indicate that he
was quiet, religious, much interested in charity,
and strongly attached to his family. As an offi-
cial he evidently enjoyed to an unusual degree
the confidence of the public.

[Material on Hutson's life further than the bare of-
ficial record of his public service is of the scantiest.
There is a sketch in a genealogy of the Hutson family
in the .S1. C. Hist, and Geneal. Mag., July 1908. See
also George Howe, Hist, of the Presbyt. Ch. in S. C.,
I (1870), 247-49, 264; Year Book—1884; City of
Charleston, S. C. (1884), p. 163, 1895, PP- 3I3--25J
Journal of House of Representatives of S. C- (MS.),
1789, esp. minutes of Jan. 23, Feb. 2, and 20; E. C.
Burnett, Letters of Members of the Continental Cong..,
vols. Ill (1926), IV (1928) ; Journal of Convention of
S. C. (1928); Edward McCrady, The Hist, of S. C. in
the Revolution, 1775-1780 (1901), 1780-1783 (1902) ;
Gazette of S. C., Dec. 8, 1779 J Heads of Families, First
Census of the U. S.; 1790: State of S. C. (1908), p.
34; J. B. O'Neall, Bioff. Sketches of the Bench and
Bar of S. C. (1859), vol. IJ R. L. M—n

HUTTON, FREDERICK REMSEN (May
28, i853-May 14, 1918), engineer, was born in
New York City, the son of Mancius Smedes and
Gertrude (Holmes) Hutton. His father, a prom-
inent pastor of the Collegiate Reformed Dutch
Church, was descended from Dominie Wilhelmes
Mancius who came to America from Holland in
1642 and established a church at Kingston, N. Y.
Frederick was sent to a private school in New
York, where he was prepared for Columbia Uni-
versity. He graduated from Columbia in 1873,
and then entered the School of Mines, from
which he received the degree of E.M, in 1876.
The following year he became an assistant in
civil and mechanical engineering at the Univer-

Hutton

sity and in 1877, instructor in mechanical en-
gineering, in that field the first to be appointed
at Columbia. In 1881 he received the degree of
Ph.D., and the same year became adjunct pro-
fessor of mechanical engineering. He was made
full professor in 1891 and from 1892 to 1907 was
head of the department. As mechanical engi-
neering progressed he found it necessary to de-
velop courses and methods of instruction, and to
write the textbooks that he needed. The Me-
chanical Engineering of Power Plants (1897),
Heat and Heat-Engines (1899), and The Gas-
Engine (1903), written for his own courses at
Columbia, enjoyed a widespread use in universi-
ties throughout the country. As head of the de-
partment he was responsible for the design and
development of the extensive mechanical en-
gineering laboratories at Columbia. From 1899
to 1905 he was dean of the faculty of applied sci-
ences. In 1907 he became professor emeritus and
the next year wrote The Mechanical Engineering
of Steam Power Plants, an enlargement of the
earlier book of similar title, and revised The Gas-
Engine. Hutton became secretary of the Amer-
ican Society of Mechanical Engineers in the
third year of its existence, a critical time in its
history, at a salary of $1,000 a year, from which
he paid office rent and expenses. By wise man-
agement and by virtue of a cheerful, courteous
personality, he was able to build up the prestige
of the society and establish it in the command-
ing position it now holds in the field of engineer-
ing. In recognition of his successful efforts for
the profession, he was elected president of the
society for the year 1906-07, and the next year,
honorary secretary for life. He was secretary
of the joint conference and building committee
appointed to carry out the plans to provide a
building for the use of the several engineering
societies and the Engineers' Club, under the
terms of the gift by Andrew Carnegie for this
purpose; and also secretary of the board of trus-
tees of the United Engineering Society. He
wrote A History of the American Society of
Mechanical Engineers, which was published in
1915, was an associate editor of the Engineering
Magazine (1892), and an editor of Johnson's
Universal Cyclopaedia (1893), The Century
Dictionary (1904), and the New International
Encyclopaedia (1913). He served as consulting
engineer to the Department of Water, Gas, and
Electricity of New York City (1911), and to the
Automobile Club of America, and as chairman
of its technical committee (1912). In 1880 he
was employed as a special agent to write a mono-
graph on machine tools for the tenth census of
the United States. On May 28, 1878, he mar-

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