Hyde

of Chemical Industry (London) in 1914 awarded
Hyatt its Perkin medal, a distinguished honor,
particularly as he was never a chemist in the
sense that he understood chemical theory. He
was married on July 21, 1869, to Anna E.,
daughter of Edward Taft, and they had two sons.
His death occurred at Short Hills, N. J.

Uour. of the Soc. of Chemical Industry (London),
Mar. 16, 1914; Jour, of Industrial and Engineering
Chemistry (Easton, Pa.), Feb., May, July 1914; Nitro-
cellulose Industry (1911) ; Who's Who in America,
1920-21; Newark Evening Newsff May u, 1920; Chem-
ical and Metallurgical Engineering (N. Y.), May 19,
1920.] P.B.M.

HYDE, EDWARD (c. i6so-Sept. 8, 1712),
colonial governor of North Carolina, was born
in England. His name suggests kinship with
Edward Hyde, first earl of Clarendon and one
of the original Lords Proprietors of Carolina,
and, through him, with Queen Anne. What this
connection was is uncertain, but in the colony
it was believed to be very close, and Hyde en-
couraged the belief to advance his political for-
tunes. In 1709 he was designated by the Lords
Proprietors as deputy governor of North Caro-
lina, and Gov. Edward Tynte of Carolina, resi-
dent at Cfiarlestown, was instructed to commis-
sion him. Upon arriving in Virginia in August
1710, Hyde learned that Tynte had died, leaving
him without a commission and with no evidence
of his appointment except some private letters in
his possession. He found the colony torn by dis-
sensions between an Anglican faction led by
William Glover and a Quaker faction led by
Thomas Gary, both of whom claimed the presi-
dency of the Council. Gary had triumphed and
Glover had fled to Virginia. The Glover faction,
therefore, welcomed Hyde and proposed to set-
tle the dispute by electing him president of the
Council. Under the pressure of public sentiment
inspired by the "aweful respect" for Hyde's sup-
posed relationship to the Queen, Gary finally
joined in the petition to Hyde to accept and he
was elected, thus becoming acting governor until
the further pleasure of the proprietors could be
ascertained. His first Assembly, controlled by
the Gloverites, passed such severe punitive meas-
ures against the Gary faction that the latter rose
in rebellion and were suppressed only when Vir-
ginia, at Hyde's urgent request, dispatched ma-
rines from the guardships to his aid. Gary, "im-
peathed [sic] of high crimes and misdemean-
ours" (Records, post, I, p. 806) by the Assem-
bly, fled to Virginia, but was arrested and sent
to England for trial. His case was finally dis-
missed because Hyde failed to furnish any evi-
dence against him. On July 31, 1712, Hyde is-
sued a proclamation pardoning all the rebels ex-
cept Gary and four others.

Hyde

On Dec. 7, 1710, the Lords Proprietors re-
solved that "a Governour be made for North
Carolina Independent of the Governour of South
Carolina" (Records, I, 750) and selected Hyde
for the place; on July 30, 1711, the Privy Coun-
cil approved the choice. Hyde's commission was
issued Jan. 24, 1711/12 and on May 9 he quali-
fied before his Council at Edenton. During his
brief administration, he justified the Lords Pro-
prietors* estimate of him as "a Person of integ-
rity and Capacity." He was a stanch Anglican
and in him the missionaries of the Society for
the Propagation of the Gospel found a strong
supporter. Baron de Graffenried acknowledged
the value of Hyde's aid in the settlement of his
colony of Palatines on the Neuse River. His ju-
dicious course in the long-standing Carolina-
Virginia boundary dispute won the confidence of
both parties, but his "precarious footing" in
North Carolina prevented a settlement during
his administration. Encouraged by the divisions
in the colony, the Tuscarora Indians along the
Neuse declared war on the whites, and on the
morning of Sept. 22, 1711, practically wiped out
De Graffenried's colony. In this crisis Hyde
acted with great energy, but before the Indians
could be subdued he contracted a fever from
which he died. In the colony he enjoyed a repu-
tation as "a great and good character." His name
is commemorated in the name of one of the oldest
counties in the state. He was survived by his
wife, Catherine, who left North Carolina shortly
after his death, presumably to return to England.

[W. L. Satmders, Colonial Records of N. C>, vols.
I-III (1886) ; V. H. Todd, Christoph von Graffenried's
Account of the Founding of New Bern (1920) • M. DeL.
Haywood, in S. A. Ashe, Biog. Hist, of N. C., I (1905),
329-31-] R.D.W.C

HYDE, EDWARD [See CORNBURY, EDWARD
HYDE, VISCOUNT, 1661-1723],

HYDE, HELEN (Apr. 6, i868-May 13,1919),
artist, was of English ancestry. Her grandfather
crossed the continent with his family by covered
wagon from Maryland in 1851. Her father,
William Bierlie Hyde, became an inventor, civil
engineer, and clever draftsman. He married in
1865 the daughter of a physician of New York
state, Marietta Butler, who had gone to San
Francisco as a teacher. While he was away on
an engineering expedition, his wife returned to
visit her parents in Lima, N. Y., where Helen
Hyde was born. Her early life was spent in San
Francisco, where she studied art. The children
of the Chinese quarter of the city especially at-
tracted her, for their picturesqueness gave her
an opportunity for illustration. Her first work
was in color etching, though later she was a pio-
neer in the United States in the making of wood-

449