Ingham

declined reelection because of the pressure of his
business affairs. In this year, however, he re-
ceived an unsolicited commission from the gov-
ernor of Pennsylvania as justice of the peace.
After the declaration of war in 1812 he was
elected as a Jeffersonian Democrat to the Thir-
teenth Congress, taking his seat at the March
session of 1813. He was elected to the Four-
teenth Congress by an increased majority and
reflected to the Fifteenth Congress without op-
position, but on July 6, 1818, resigned his seat,
largely because of his wife's health. In that
year he became prothonotary of the court of
common pleas of Bucks County and the follow-
ing year, secretary of the Commonwealth of
Pennsylvania. His wife died in 1819 and he
spent the next two years busied with his farm-
ing and manufacturing interests. In 1822 he
married Deborah Kay Hall of Salem, N. J., and
in October of that year was elected to the Sev-
enteenth Congress. He remained in Congress,
being reflected each time without opposition,
until he resigned his seat, Mar. 4, 1829, to ac-
cept a position in Jackson's cabinet. In 1824 he
incurred the personal enmity of John Quincy
Adams through the publication of a pamphlet
on Adams5 life and character which is alleged to
have had great influence in the presidential cam-
paign of 1828. Adams never forgave him for
this attack and recorded much gossip and scan-
dal regarding Ingham in his diary. Ingham was
appointed secretary of the treasury by Presi-
dent Jackson, and served for a little more than
two years. On Apr. 19, 1831, he resigned—
though he continued in office till June 20—
ostensibly because he refused to recognize so-
cially Mrs. John H. Eaton [Margaret H.
O'Neill, q.v.], the wife of Secretary of War
John Henry Eaton [g.^.] and a great friend of
President Jackson.

After he resigned his cabinet post, Ingham
retired from politics and devoted himself to busi-
ness, becoming greatly interested in the devel-
opment of the anthracite coal fields of Pennsyl-
vania, He helped found the Beaver Meadow
Railroad Company and was president for a time,
assisted in forming the Hazelton Coal Company,
and at the same time became interested in the
Lehigh Navigation and Delaware Division ca-
nals. He spent much time at the state capitol
m advocating the improvement of inland wa-
terways. In 1849 he moved his headquarters
from New Hope, Pa,, to Trenton, N. J., where
he became interested in the Mechanics Bank of
that city. During his later years he was an in-
valid He died in Trenton. He had five chil-

Ingle

dren.by his first marriage and three by his sec-
ond.

[Pamphlet by Ingham's son, Win. A. Ingham, Samuel
Delucenna Ingham (privately printed, 1910); Biog.Dir.
Am. Cong. (1928); Exec. Reg. of the U. S.f 1789-1902
(1905); Memoirs of John Quincy Adams, vols. VII,
VIII (1875-76); Daily True American (Trenton),
June 6, 1860.] J.H.F.

INGLE, RICHARD (1609-0. 1653), Mary-
land rebel and pirate, first came to the colonies
in 1631 or 1632 as a tobacco merchant. As mas-
ter of the ship Eleanor of London he appeared
in Maryland in March 1641/2, bringing with
him Thomas Cornwallis, an important figure in
the province. The following year he was again
in the colony, suing for debts* On Jan. 18,
1643/4 a warrant charging him with high trea-
son was issued. He was arrested and his ship,
the Reformation, was seized with its cargo.
Through the connivance of Cornwallis and the
sheriff, Parker, Ingle and his ship were released
Various juries repeatedly refused to convict
Ingle of treasonable utterances against the King.
An indictment for piracy also failed. Having
deposited powder and shot to guarantee his ap-
pearance in court the following year, he re-
sumed his trading in the province and was
granted a small island upon which he put hogs
"to inhabit it/' After his departure for London
it was discovered that he had failed to pay the
customs and other dues, and his goods in Mary-
land were sequestered. Cornwallis was found
guilty as an accessory to Ingle's escape and was
fined one thousand pounds of tobacco, a fine
from which he was temporarily respited.

In February 1644/5 Ingle, armed with letters
of marque from the Lord High Admiral under
authority of Parliament, appeared off the Vir-
ginia coast He proposed to the crew to change
to a "man of war cruize" to Maryland and of-
fered them a sixth of all plunder. Sailing to the
mouth of St. Ignatius Creek he attacked and
captured the Speagle, a Dutch ship loading for
Holland With two armed ships, he had the
province in his possession. He took St. Thomas'
Fort and forced Governor Calvert to flee into
Virginia. He burned houses, seized tobacco,
guns, and other goods, and scattered the inhabi-
tants. While professing to represent Parliament
and to protect Protestants he plundered the
province. Against Cornwallis he now bore a
deep hatred, and pillaged his estate. Nor did
he forget those who had been active in his ar-
rest the previous year. When he sailed to Lon-
don with the Speagle and the Reformation he
carried off three of them as prisoners. Once
again in England he sued to have the Speagle
as a prize, but there is no record of a decision.

474