Inglis

{Alexander Inglis, 1879-1924 (1925)1 a memorial
volume to which colleagues contributed; the Wesleyan
University Alumnus, May 1924; "Minute on the Life
and Services of Professor Alexander James Inglis/' in
the unpublished records of the Harvard Graduate School
of Education; Harvard Grads. Mag., June 1924; Bos-
ton Transcript, Apr. 12, 1924; N. Y. Times, Apr. 13,
1924; Who's Who in America, 1924-25 ; correspondence
with Mrs. Antoinette Clark Inglis and personal ac-
quaintance.] p. E. g.

INGLIS, CHARLES (i734~Feb. 24, 1816),
Anglican clergyman, Loyalist, first bishop of
Nova Scotia, was born in Ireland, youngest of
the three sons of Rev. Archibald Inglis of Glen
and Kilcar, Donegal. He emigrated to America
about 1755 and taught in the Free School at
Lancaster, Pa. Three years later, in London, he
was ordained deacon and priest and assigned
with a salary of £50 a year to the Anglican mis-
sion at Dover, Del., with jurisdiction over the
whole county of Kent. After about six years
(1759-65) of "unwearied diligence" in this field,
he departed reluctantly to become assistant to
Rev. Samuel Auchmuty [g.z/.], rector of Trinity
Church in New York City. Then began his in-
timacy with Rev. Thomas Bradbury Chandler
[#.z/.] of Elizabethtown, N. J., and "together
they labored earnestly for the establishment of
the Episcopate in America" (Heeney, post, p. 7)
without much encouragement from the home au-
thorities. Inglis was also greatly interested in
the conversion of the Indians. He visited the
Mohawk Valley in 1770 and corresponded with
Sir William Johnson \_q.v.~\, whose practical sug-
gestions regarding the character and needs of the
Indians he incorporated (1771) in a memorial to
Lord Hillsborough and the Society for the Propa-
gation of the Gospel, sent to England by the hand
of Myles Cooper [q.v.~\, which stressed the politi-
cal effect of establishing the Church of England
in the wilderness. Temperamentally Inglis was "a
quiet student and scholar who loved to spend his
scanty leisure in literary and intellectual pur-
suits" (Rayson, post, p. 176); Oxford recognized
his merits with the degree of D.D. in 1778. The
Anglican clergy were nurtured in an atmosphere
of devotion to the king and Parliament and Inglis
was a true disciple. He once expressed dissatis-
faction that the church pews should ever be "held
in common, and where men, perhaps of the
worst character, might come and sit themselves
down by the side of the most religious and re-
spectable characters in the parish" (Ibid,, p.
174), His prayers for the king were as fervent
as ever when the storm of Revolution broke.
When Paine published his Common Sense in
1776^ Inglis replied with The True Interest of
America Impartially Stated (1776), in which he
declared that Common Sense was filled "with

Ingraham

much uncommon phrenzy," and was "an insidi-
ous attempt to poison their minds and seduce
them [Americans] from their loyalty and truest
interest." With independence declared and
Washington's army in possession of the city,
Trinity Church closed its doors, the aged Auch-
muty retired to New Jersey, and Inglis to nearby
Flushing. As soon as the British army began
to force Washington northward, Inglis came
back and was present to help personally in sav-
ing St. Paul's from the great fire (Sept. 21,
1776) which destroyed the mother church. The
next year Dr. Auchmuty died and Inglis was
appointed to succeed him. During the rest of the
war his pen from time to time vigorously de-
plored the attitude of many people in England
"who feel great Sympathy and Tenderness for
the Distresses of the Rebels, but are callous to
the Sufferings and Miseries of the Loyalists"
(letter to Galloway, in Historical Magazine, Oc-
tober 1861). At other times, in open letters un-
der the pen name of "Papinian" (published in
Rivington's Royal Gazette and Gaines's New
York Gazette and Weekly Mercury, and collected
in pamphlet form in 1779), he tried to convince
the patriots of the error of their ways. Neverthe-
less, when his cause was lost and he was about
to sail for England (1783) as an impoverished
exile, he said, "When I go from America, I do
not leave behind me an individual, against whom
I have the smallest degree of resentment or ill-
will" (Rayson, op. cit.f p. 168). Four years later,
Aug. 12,1787, at Lambeth, he was consecrated as
bishop of Nova Scotia, the first colonial bishop
of the Anglican communion. In 1809 he became
a member of the council of Nova Scotia. He died
in Halifax. Inglis was twice married: first at
Dover, Del., in February 1764, to Mary Vining,
who died a few months later; second, at New
York, May 31, 1773, to Margaret Crooke, who
died in 1783. Of this second marriage there
were two daughters and two sons, one of whom,
John, in 1825 became third bishop of Nova
Scotia*

[C H. Mockridge, The Bishops of the Church of
England in Canada and Newfoundland (1896); W. B.
Heeney, Leaders of the Canadian Church (1920), with,
portrait; A. W. H. Eaton, The Church of England in
Nova Scotia (1892) ; R, S. Rayson, "Charles Inglis, a
Chapter in Beginnings," Queen's Quart., Oct.-Nov.-
Dec., 1925 ; Morgan Dix, A Hist, of the Parish of Trin-
ity Church, vol. I (1898), with portrait; E. B. O'Cal-
laghan, The Doc. Hist, of the State of N. 7. (quarto
ed.), Ill (1850), 637-46, IV (1851), 266-69, 276-77,
282-93 ; R. E. Day, Calendar of the Sir Wm. Johnson
MSS. in the N. Y. State Library (1909); A. W. H.
Eaton, "Bishop Charles Inglis and his Descendants,"
Acadiensis, July 1908; N. Y. Evening Post, Mar. 19,
1816; Quebec Gazette, Apr. n, 1816.] A.E.P.

INGRAHAM, DUNCAN NATHANIEL
(Dec. 6, i8o2-Oct. 16,1891), naval officer, came

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