Innokenti'i

light, the harmonies due to atmospheric con-
ditions, and above all to the rich, full, throbbing
life of the earth and sky. The intensity of his
temperament made itself more and more mani-
fest in his late work; his magnificent ardor lent
to his canvases an almost magical power and
charm which defy all analysis. Among American
landscapists he came to occupy the first place by
common consent. His paintings are in the mu-
seums of Chicago, New York, Boston, Philadel-
phia, Washington, Pittsburgh, Buffalo, Worces-
ter, and many other cities. The Edward B. But-
ler collection in the Art Institute of Chicago
contains more than a score of representative
canvases.

Inness was always a mystic and he loved meta-
physical speculation. Beginning as a Baptist, he
went over to Methodism, and at last became a
Swedenborgian. His three hobbies were art, re-
ligion, and the single tax. He was, says Van
Dyke, supertemperamental even for an artist.
His personal appearance bore out these psycho-
logical qualities. He looked like a fanatic. With
his piercing gaze, his long hair, the intensity of
his expression, and the nervous energy that
marked his action, he was a formidable person-
age.

[Geo. Inness, Jr., Life, Art and Letters of Geo. Inness
(1917); Alfred Trumble, Geo. Inness, N.A., A Memorial
(1895); Masters in Art, June 1908; Montgomery
Schuyler, "Geo. Inness: The Man and His Work," the
Forum, Nov. 1894; John C. Van Dyke, Am. Painting
and Its Tradition (1919), and "Geo, Inness," Outlook,
Mar. 7, 1903; IT. Thieme and F. Becker, Allgemeines
Lexikon der Bildenden Kunstler, vol. XIX (1926);
Henry Eckford, "George Inness," Century Mag., May
1882; W. H. Downes, Twelve Great Artists (1900);
Elliott Daingerfield, Fifty Paintings by Geo. Inness
(1913); Catalogue of the collection of Thomas B,
Clarke (1899) ; J. J. Jarves, The Art-Idea (1864) ; C
C. Baldwin, The Baldwin Geneal., Supp. (1889) ; N. Y.
Tribune, Aug. 4, 1894; information as to certain facts
from Inness'grand-daughter.] W.H.D.

INNOKENTlI (Aug. 26, i79;-Mar.3i, 1879),
Russian prelate, missionary to Alaska, had the
secular name of loann Evsieevich Popov-Veni-
aminov. He was born near Irkutsk, Siberia, in
the village of Anginskoe, where his father,
Evsevii Popov, was sexton of the Church of St
Elias the Prophet. In 1814, while he was a stu-
dent at the Irkutsk ecclesiastical seminary, the
rector was obliged to change the surnames of
many of his pupils to avoid confusion on the
register, and loann Popov was given the sur-
name Veniaminov. In 1823 he went as priest
to Unalaska, the first Russian missionary to en-
ter the dominions of the Russian-American
Company since the death at sea in 1799 of
bishop loasaf [gw.]. His parish included all
the Fox and Pribilof islands and St. Michael's
Redoubt While visiting about the islands in a

Innokentii

skin boat, he became acquainted with the lan-
guage and the life of his parishioners and with
the natural phenomena of the surrounding re-
gions. In 1834 he settled in Novo-Arkhangel'sk
(the present Sitka), and there, among the
learned men who at various times accompanied
the Russian expeditions to Alaska, met F. Lutke,
the famous geographer (who printed Veni-
aminov's meteorological bulletins from Un-
alaska), and Baron F. Wrangel, the director in
Alaska of the Russian-American Company.
With their encouragement, he sent to the Im-
perial Academy of Science his works: Zapiski ob
ostrovakh Unalashkinskago otdfila—"Notes on
the islands of the Unalaska district"—(3 vols. in
2, St. Petersburg, 1840) and Opyt grammatiki
aleutsko-lis'evskogo tazyka—"Essays toward a
grammar and dictionary of the Aleutian-Fox
language" (1846). Going in 1838 to St. Peters-
burg to plead in person with the Russian Holy
Synod for an extension of missionary work in
Alaska, he there published stories of far-off
Alaska and the Aleutian people which opened for
him not only the social and literary circles of the
capital, but even the Czar's palace. At this time
also were printed under his personal direction his
translations into the Aleutian-Fox language of a
catechism, a volume of sermons, and the Gospel
according to St. Matthew.

After the death in 1839 of his wife, Ekaterina
Ivanovna, nee Sharina, he became a monk and
returned to Alaska in 1841 as Innokentn, bishop
of Kamchatka and the Kurile and Aleutian
islands. He now established in Novo-Ar-
khangel'sk an administration of clerical affairs
and an ecclesiastical school, which was reor-
ganized in 1845 into a seminary. Not long af-
terward he began making "apostolic" tours
through his extensive diocese, in the course of
which he visited all the churches of Kamchatka
and the Okhotsk coast. Whereas upon its open-
ing in 1841, there were only sixteen churches in
his diocese, there were twenty-four in 1850,
when Innokentii became archbishop. His re-
sponsibilities were now increased by the addition
of more vast territory. For greater convenience
in his work, he settled in Yakutsk in 1853. At
this time there was a great movement of Rus-
sians to the Far East, especially to the region of
the Amur River. Here Innokentii built churches
and established schools. In 1859 he succeeded in
getting an assistant bishop for Alaska, and an-
other was granted him for Yakutsk in 1860. He
moved in 1862 to Blagovyeshchensk, on the
Amur River, and from there in 1868 he was
called to Moscow, to receive an appointment as
metropolitan. By his exceptional energy and

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