Irvine

plies of the army, and supervision of Indian af-
fairs. This office he held till he died. His bear-
ing is said to have been austere and somewhat
forbidding; he was an excellent, if strict, disci-
plinarian. From 1801 to 1804 he was president
of the Pennsylvania branch of the Society of the
Cincinnati. He died in Philadelphia.

[C. W. Butterfield, Washington-Irvine Correspond-
ence (1882) and An Hist. Account of the Expedition
against Sandusky under Col. Wm. Crawford in 1782
(1873) J L. Boyd, The Irvines and Their Kin (1908);
G. W. Howell, in Proc. N. J. Hist. Soc., 2 ser. VII
(1883); scattered material in Pa. Mag. of Hist, and
Biog., and Pa. Archives; T. J. Rogers, A New Am.
Biog. Diet. (3rd ed., Easton, Pa., 1824); Aurora
(Phila.)i July 31* 1804; Poulsoris Am. Daily Adver-
tiser (Phila.), Aug. i, 1804.] C.G.D.

IRVINE, WILLIAM MANN (Oct. 13,1865-
June n, 1928), educator, was born in Bedford,
Pa., the second of ten children of Henry Fetter
and Emily Elizabeth (Mann) Irvine. He was a
great-grandson of Peter Mann, Revolutionary
fighter, and a grandson of the Rev. Matthew Ir-
vine, an early home missionary of the Reformed
Church* He entered Phillips Exeter Academy in
1881 and worked his way through that school,
spending his summers as clerk in a store, selling
reference books, or working on his uncle's farm.
He was graduated from Exeter in 1884 and en-
tered the College of New Jersey (Princeton),
being graduated in 1888 with the degree of A.B.
Because of his scholastic record he was awarded
a fellowship, and took post-graduate work in
1888-59. In 1891 Princeton awarded him the
degree of Ph.D. He was graduated from the
Theological Seminary of the Reformed Church,
Lancaster, Pa., in 1892.

Irvine was a noted athlete. He had played on
the Exeter football and baseball teams, and was
a member of the Princeton 'varsity football team
for five years, during which time he kept his
name on the honor roll for scholarship. At Lan-
caster, he was captain and coach of the football
team, and was instrumental in obtaining the first
gymnasium. He also founded the first glee club
there, and had a share in the establishment of the
weekly college paper. The year following his
graduation from the seminary he taught polit-
ical economy, logic, English, literature, Anglo-
Saxon, and rhetoric at Franklin and Marshall
College, and in addition took part in many cbl-
lege activities. On Apr. 27, 1893, he was chosen
headmaster of Mercersburg Academy, Mercers-
burg, Pa., where for thirty-five years, with
amazing energy he built up an institution of large
influence, adopting the methods of the great Eng-
lish public schools so far as his special studies
convinced him of their applicability to American
conditions. He rendered also consecrated and

Irving

distinguished service in the development of char-
acter. He was president of the Headmasters' As-
sociation in 1921; president of the Association of
Schools and Colleges of the Middle States and
Maryland in 1922; and president of the Head-
masters' Club of Philadelphia and Vicinity in
1923. On Jan. 30, 1924, he was ordained as a
missionary pastor by a committee of the Mer-
cersburg Classis, so that he might exercise all
the functions of a minister in connection with his
duties as headmaster. His death came suddenly
after six days' illness. He was survived by his
wife, Camille Hart of Winchester, Va., whom
he married in Washington, D. C., on June 26,
1894, and by two daughters.

[Personal acquaintance; Irvine's letters and ad-
dresses; articles appearing in the Reformed Church
Messenger since 1893; J. H, Dubbs, Hist, of Franklin
and Marshall Coll. (1903) ; Am. Education, Nov. 1918;
Independent Education, Oct. 1927; Who's Who in
America, 1928-29; Irvine Memorial Edition of the
Mercersburg Academy Alumni Quart., Oct. 1928;
Princeton Alumni Weekly, Feb. 8,1929; records of Kit-
tochtinny Hist. Soc., Franklin County, Pa.; Bull of
Phillips Exeter Acad., Sept. 1928; Quinvicennial Rec-
ord of the Class of Eighty-eight, Princeton Univ., 1888-
1913 (n.d.); Patriot (Harrisburg, Pa.),and N. Y. Times,
June 12,1928.] rj>H<

IRVING, JOHN BEAUFAIN (Nov. 26,
i825-Apr. 20,1877), genre, portrait, and histor-
ical painter, was born in Charleston, S. C, the
son of Dr. John Beaufain Irving, author of A
Day on Cooper River (1842) and The South Car-
olina Jockey Club (1857), a history of the turf in
South Carolina. His mother was Emma Maria
(Cruger) Irving, daughter of Nicholas and Ann
(Trezevant) Heyward Cruger. After a period
of study in his native town, he began to paint por-
traits. In 1851 he went to Diisseldorf, Germany,
where he became a pupil of Leutze. He returned
to Charleston after a few years and continued his
work as a portraitist. After the Civil War, he
removed to New York, where he took up genre
painting, exhibiting "The Splinter" and "The
Disclosure" in 1867. Although he did not neglect
his original interest and executed portraits of
August Belmont, Mrs. August Belmont, and
John Jacob Astor, he is best known by his paint-
ings of scenes of every-day life and historical
subjects. Among his pictures in this class are:
"Wine-Tasters" (1869), "Musketeer of the Sev-
enteenth Century" (1875), "Cardinal Wolsey
and His Friends" (1876), and "The End of the
Game," which was a great favorite. His "Ban-
quet at Hampton Court in the Sixteenth Cen-
tury" was in the collection of J. J. Astor in New
York.

Irving's earliest paintings cannot be said to
have any qualities of animation or originality.
Their most striking characteristic is a theatrical

5°'.