Irving

although effective composition. Nevertheless, his
art was admired by the critics of his day for the
qualities of careful painting and rich tone. Tra-
dition has it that he was greatly impressed by
the style of Meissonier (1815-1891), and, judg-
ing from his love of elaborate detail, his interest
in costume and brilliant coloring, one may con-
cede that Meissonier may have been his model.
He was elected an associate of the National Acad-
emy of Design in 1869, an^ an academician in
1872. At the Universal Exposition of Paris in
1878, he exhibited a painting entitled "The Con-
noisseurs," which met with considerable ap-
proval. After his death in 1877, an exhibition
of his work was held at the home of August Bel-
mont for the benefit of the artist's family.

[Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker, Allgemeines Lex-
ikon der Bildenden Kunstler, vol. XVIII (1925);
Bryan's Diet, of Painters and Engravers, ed. by G. C.
Williamson, voL III (1904); S. G. W. Benjamin, Art
in America (1880) ; C. E. Dement and Laurence Hut-
ton, Artists of the Nineteenth Century (1879) ; Sir
jEmilius and L. H. Irving, James Irving of Ironshore
and His Descendants, 1713-1918 (privately printed,
Toronto, 1918) ; J. B. Irving, The Irvings, Irwins, Ir-
vines, or Erinveines (Aberdeen, 1907) ; Art Jour., June
1877.] A.B.B.

IRVING, JOHN DUER (Aug. 18, i8;4-Jtily
20, 1918), mining geologist, the son of Roland
Duer Irving [q.v.~\ and Abby Louise (McCulloh)
Irving, was born in Madison, Wis., where his
father, one of the pioneers of petrography in
America, was professor of geology, mineralogy,
and metallurgy in the state university. His for-
mative years were passed in a home where his
father was preparing the now famous mono-
graphs on the geology of the iron and copper de-
posits of the Lake Superior region. In his four-
teenth year, his father died, and with his mother,
he removed to the East, resolved to carry for-
ward his father's work He entered Columbia
in 1892, receiving the degrees of A.B. in 1896,
A.M. in 1898 and Ph.D. in 1899. During his
summer vacations (1895, 1896, 1897) he en-
gaged in geological work in Utah, northern New
York, and the San Juan district of Colorado. For
his doctor's dissertation he spent four months
in field work in the Black Hills of South Dakota.
Upon graduation he entered the United States
Geological Survey, being classified successively
as geologic aid, 1899-1900, assistant geologist,
1900-06,-and geologist, 1906-07, While he left
active full-time service with the Survey in 1903,
he retained his connection for summer work until
1907. The papers published by the Survey of
which he was author or co-author include reports
on the economic geology of the northern Black
HJHs of South Dakota (1904), with S. F. Em-
uaacrns and T, A. Jaggar, Jr.; Needle Mountains

Irving

Quadrangle, Colorado (1905), with W, H. Em-
mons; Ouray District, Colorado (1905), the
Downtown District of Leadville, Colo. (1907),
with S. F. Emmons; and the Lake City District,
Colorado (1911), with Howland Bancroft. The
death of S. F. Emmons [q.v.~\ in 1911 interfered
with plans for the revision of the Leadville re-
port. Irving, from a strong sense of loyalty to
the memory of his former superior, undertook
the completion of this work. It involved such an
enormous amount of exacting and detailed work
as almost to exhaust his great patience and
strength, and was not completed until shortly
before his death.

Meanwhile, still following in his father's foot-
steps he took up the teacher's career, first as act-
ing professor of mining and geology at the Uni-
versity of Wyoming, 1902-03, then as assistant
professor of geology, 1903, and professor of geol-
ogy, 1906, at Lehigh University, and finally as
professor of economic geology at the Sheffield
Scientific School (Yale), from 1907. "He was
a hard and tireless worker and spared neither
time nor pains to make his teaching effective
by thorough preparation. . . , Although de-
manding high ideals of work and thoroughness
in its performance from his students, his sym-
pathy, kindness and justice made him not only
respected but loved by them" (Pirsson, post, p.
257). When a group of geologists established
in 1905 the magazine Economic Geology, Irving
was the unanimous choice for editor. The thir-
teen volumes published under his supervision
constitute a record of the world's best work on
applied geology and form an enduring monument
to his memory. For him it was a labor of love,
an example of unselfish service to his profession.
To this journal he contributed a paper on "Re-
placement Ore-Bodies and the Criteria for Their
Recognition" (September, October-November,
1911) which was recognized as a masterly treat-
ise and attracted attention among geologists all
over the world.

Being unmarried, and despite the fact that he
was past forty years of age, when the United
States became involved in the World War, he
entered the service as captain in the nth Regi-
ment of Engineers and in July 1917 sailed for
France. As instructor in mining at the Army
Engineers' School, developing and teaching dug-
out construction, he rendered invaluable service.
He worked long hours with a high sense of devo-
tion to duty. His vitality ran low, and pneumonia
following a bad attack of so-called Spanish grippe
caused his death. "Captain Irving died as glori-
ously as any man in the service ever did/' wrote a
superior officer; "he gave all he had."

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