Izard

his adroitness at cross-examination account in
part for the distinction which he achieved. He
was an accomplished linguist, knowing intimate-
ly French, German, Italian, Spanish, and Portu-
guese. Among his papers, at his death, were
found uncompleted translations of Bergson and
Nietzsche, and a comprehensive monograph on
the rubber trade. His skill at cross-examination
was first revealed in his examination of Richard
Croker [q.v.~\ and was permanently established
by two subsequent victories; his successful rep-
resentation, in 1893, of the Brazilian government
in a boundary dispute with the Argentine Repub-
lic, and his volunteered defense of the Cuban
rebel Garcia, arrested in New York for violating
the neutrality laws of the United States. In the
latter case the jury, after deliberating five min-
utes, returned a verdict of not guilty. Ivins' most
notable performance in this field came, however,
in 1915, when he was employed by William
Barnes, Jr., to represent him as counsel in the
Roosevelt-Barnes libel suit. After months of
preparation, he kept Roosevelt on the witness
stand over forty hours, subjecting him to a merci-
less and subtle cross-examination. The jury de-
liberated for two days; but finally, to Ivins' great
disappointment, brought in a verdict for Roose-
velt. The physical strain of the trial coupled with
the after effects of an attack of jungle fever
contracted several years before during a trip to
the rubber districts of the Amazon, caused Ivins'
death. He left tw'o sons and two daughters.

[Information as to certain facts from W. M. Ivins,
Jr., and E. W. Ivins; N. Y. County Lawyers Asso. Year
Bookf ipi6; JV. y. State Bar Asso. Proceedings . . .
igi6 . .. and Reports for 1915 (1916); N. Y. Times,
Apr.-May, July 24, 1915.] H. C.

IZARD, GEORGE (Oct. 21, 1776-Nov. 22,
1828), soldier, territorial governor of Arkansas,
son of Ralph \_q.v."\ and Alice (De Lancey)
Izard, was born at Richmond, near London,
while his father, a native of South Carolina, was
temporarily residing in England (South Caro-
lina Historical and Genealogical Magazine, July
1901, p. 222). In 1783 he came to America with
his mother and attended school in Charleston and
Philadelphia. Returning to Europe for a military
education, he spent five years in the schools of
England, Germany, and France. While at the
ficole du Genie in Metz he was commissioned
second lieutenant in the United States Army, and
on his return to America in 1797 he was sent to
Charleston to take charge of Castle Pinckney.
As war with France became imminent he was
raised to the rank of captain. Jefferson's plan for
reducing the army resulted in his being placed in
the artillery, whereupon he resigned. In 1812 he

Izard

accepted another commission and w'as sent to
New York by Secretary John Armstrong [g.v.],
with the rank of brigadier general, to defend the
city against a threatened attack by the British.
On Jan. 21, 1814, he was commissioned major-
general and, upon the retirement of Wilkinson
and Hampton, he became senior officer in com-
mand in New York on the Canadian border.
Though he had been given a military training, he
was never able to put it to the test. In addition
to inheriting raw recruits and an inadequacy of
supplies from his predecessors, he was constantly
being shifted from post to post, against his own
judgment, by an incompetent secretary of war.
He was moved from Plattsburg just in time to
keep him from sharing with MacDonough the
victory over Prevost With the largest effective
army on the border he marched about 400 miles
in inclement weather, and part of the way,
through trackless forests, arriving at Batavia in
twenty-nine days only to find that Drummond
had retreated from Erie just six days before. He
crossed over into Canada, but Drummond re-
mained behind his works and continued to
strengthen them. To pass to Drummond's rear
would have been extremely dangerous—there
were 30,000 regulars in Canada and only about
10,000 Americans between Plattsburg and De-
troit—and Izard chose the road to caution, re-
treating to winter quarters to preserve a nucleus
for a greater army the following spring. At once
Armstrong, who had been forced out of office for
the disaster at Washington, started a storm of
criticism which ruined Izard's usefulness and he
tendered his resignation. Later he published his
correspondence with the War Department with-
out comment, leaving the world to j udge who was
right. Critics are still divided as to the wisdom
of his last military move, but they sustain Izard
on other points. On Mar. 4, 1825, Monroe ap-
pointed him governor of Arkansas Territory, a
position which he held until his death. The most
important business of his administration was
dealing with the Indians, and he managed this in
a satisfactory way. The members of the legisla-
tive council criticized him for using "dictatorial
poWer" in telling them to go home after they had
finished the public business in order to save
money; but they went home. While living in re-
tirement at Philadelphia he had become an active
member of the American Philosophical Society.
He collected a fine library of English, French,
Spanish, and Latin books, but it was lost by the
sinking of the boat which was carrying it east-
ward after his death. On June 6, 1803, he mar-
ried Elizabeth Carter (Farley), daughter of
James Parke Farley of Antigua. She had been

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