Jackson

sponsorship—direct primary, popular election of
senators, recall, and the presidential preference
primary, woman's suffrage, the eight-hour day
for women workers, child-welfare legislation,
the income tax, and the commission plan of
government for Portland. A contemporary op-
posed to most of the reforms that Jackson advo-
cated portrays him as combining "the traits of
rugged Andrew Jackson, droll Mark Twain,
and talkative Jim-Ham Lewis ... It is in ob-
stinate, old-fashioned, uncompromising democ-
cracy—love of the uncouth masses—that 'Sam'
Jackson resembles Andrew Jackson. Also, in
his rough and ready way of attacking anything
that is big, important, and established. Also, in
his square jaw and rugged features." This
writer further describes him as "a great, big,
rugged, queer, comical character, exactly where
he belongs, making money . , , donating it lav-
ishly to causes that strike his fancy" (C. C.
Chapman, Oregon Voter, May 8, 1915). The
same writer (Oregon Voter, Jan. 3, 1925) says:
"He possessed the faculty of splitting his edi-
torial mind from his business mind as effective-
ly as if the editor and the business manager were
two distinct personalities. The advertisers count-
ed for nothing so far as influence on editorial
policy of the Journal was concerned" A few
days before his death he donated to the State of
Oregon a tract of eighty-nine acres on Marquam
Hill, which now bears the name "Sam Jackson
Park," to be used by the University School of
Medicine, adjacent to which it lies.

[Joseph Gaston, Portland, Ore., Its Hist, and Builders
(1911); Who's Who in America, 1924-25 ; Who's Who
on the Pacific Coast, 1913; Editor and Publisher (N.
Y.), Mar. i, 1924; Ore. Daily Jour.t Mar. 9, Dec. 29,
J924J R.C.C—k.

JACKSON, CHARLES THOMAS (June 21,
i8o5-Aug. 28,1880), chemist and geologist, was
the son of Charles and Lucy (Cotton) Jackson
and a descendant of Abraham Jackson, who in
1657 was married to Remember Morton at
Plymouth, Mass. Born in Plymouth, Charles
T. Jackson received his early education in the
town school, and in the private school of Dr.
Allyne of Duxbury. His medical training was
begun under the private tutoring of Doctors
James Jackson, 1777-1867, and Walter Chan-
ning [gg.tf.], who prepared him for entrance to
the Harvard Medical School where he received
the degree of M.D. in 1829, having, incidentally,
won the Boylston prize for a dissertation on
Porwna MelUta. His interest in mineralogy was
aroused by finding chiastolite crystals in frag-
ments of schist in the glacial drift. In company
with his friend Francis Alger, he twice visited
$9Y& Scgtia for the purpose of collecting min-

jacKSon

erals and studying geology, the results of their
two trips finding expression in 1828 in a series
of joint papers in the American Journal of Sci-
ence (1828-29). In 1829, Jackson went to Eu-
rope where he studied medicine at the Sorbonne
and geology and mineralogy at the ficole des
Mines. There he formed a firm and lasting
friendship with L. filie de Beaumont and other
well-known French geologists. He visited Ve-
suvius, Etna, the Lipari Islands, and the Au-
vergne district of France and made long walk-
ing tours in Switzerland, Bavaria, Italy, and
Austria. He also made acquaintance with the
leading medical men and performed, with Doc-
tors John Fergus and Johannes Glaisner, numer-
ous autopsies on victims of the prevailing cholera
epidemic, an account of which he published on
returning to America (Medical Magazine, Oc-
tober, 1832). Soon after his return he began to
practise medicine in Boston, and on Feb. 27,
1834, married Susan Bridge of Charleston, who,
with three sons and two daughters, survived him.
In 1836, finding his services more in demand as
a chemist and mineralogist, he abandoned him-
self wholly to these pursuits and established a
laboratory which became a well-known place of
resort for students and others interested in scien-
tific work.

While in Europe, Jackson had secured for
himself a large number of electrical instruments
and apparatus. It so happened that he and S. F.
B. Morse [g.^.], who was a passenger on the
return voyage, were led to discuss the new de-
velopments in electricity, and some years later
Jackson claimed to have pointed out to Morse at
this time the underlying principles of the elec-
tric telegraph which Morse patented in 1840.
It is known that Jackson had previously per-
fected a working model of such a device, but he
thought lightly of the instrument and failed to
realize its commercial value. In the controversy
as to priority which followed the announcement
of Morse's patent, Jackson claimed for himself
the honors of the discovery. Later Jackson made
a similar claim to priority in the discovery of
guncotton after it had been announced by C. F.
Schonbein (1846).

In 1837, under a cooperative arrangement be-
tween Maine and Massachusetts, Jackson en-
tered upon a survey of the public lands of the
two states. By an act of the Maine legislature
in the same year, there was established a state
geological survey, with Jackson as state geolo-
gist Three years were spent in the work, the
results published in three annual reports (1837,
1838, and 1839), and no sooner was this survey
completed than he was engaged for a like pur-

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