Jackson

were Thomas Jackson and Susan (Smith) Hale
Jackson, daughter of Ebenezer and Susan Smith
of Woolwich, Me. Various biographers state
that in youth he was a pupil of D. C. Johnston,
of Boston; that later, having become expert in
"linear and geometrical drawing," he turned to
crayon drawing, in which field he made credit-
able portraits; and that in Paris he studied anat-
omy and drew from life under Charles Suisse,
a portrait painter. In 1851, the year before
Daniel Webster's death, he modeled a bust of
that statesman, not from life, but from informa-
tion and portraits furnished by the Webster fam-
ily. In 1853, he was in Florence, Italy, where
he made portrait busts of Miss Adelaide Phillips,
and of Thomas Buchanan Read, the poet after-
ward famous for his "Sheridan's Ride/' Both
of these works by Jackson were shown in the
United States, the Union League Club of Phila-
delphia buying the "Read." In 1854, he was
again in Paris, where he made a bust of John
Young Mason, the United States minister to
France. His fame in portraiture was estab-
lished ; it is said that his sitters numbered a hun-
dred. Among them were Dr. Lyman Beecher,
Wendell Phillips, and George S. Hillard. The
"Phillips" and the "Hillard" busts, done in the
pseudo-classic manner of their time, are still on
view at the Boston Athenaeum. The Sage Li-
brary in New Brunswick, N. J., owns the bust
of Dr. G. W. Bethune.

In 1858, Jackson set up a studio in New York
City, where he produced both portraits and ideal
figures until in 1860, fortified by a commission
from the Kane Monument Association (New
York City) to make a post-mortem statue of
Dr. Elisha Kent Kane, the explorer, he returned
to Florence, which was thenceforth his home.
Data concerning the result of this project are
conflicting. Both in England and in Italy, the
sculptor's marble group of "Eve and the Dead
Abel" (1867), a composition of the familiar
"Pieta" type, met high praise from the critics;
its anatomy was favorably analyzed in a sur-
geon's essay. A copy owned by the Metropolitan
Museum drew from Lorado Taft (post, p. 200)
a statement that the work as a whole "is credit-
able," though its modeling is "thin and tire-
some." Among numerous ideal themes were
"Autumn," "Cupid Stringing his Bow," "Cupid
on a Swan," "Titania and Nick Bottom," "The
Culprit Fay," "Peace," "Dawn." A medallion
called "Morning Glory" was fourteen times re-
produced in marble.

Jackson visited New York in 1867, and de-
signed for the Croton Water Board a group for
t&£ southern gatehouse of the reservoir in Cen-

Jackson

tral Park. In 1869, his figure of a "Reading
Girl" was the subject of a laudatory article in
the Berlin Zeitung. His "Musidora," shown at
the Vienna Exposition of 1873, won plaudits
from the press both of Vienna and Boston. In
1874, a Soldiers' Monument from his hand was
erected in Lynn, Mass., the city being symbolized
by a bronze female figure, flanked by bronze
statues of "War" and "Justice," supported on a
large granite pedestal. With "Hylas" (1875)
and "II Pastorello," he returned to ideal themes.

[Names of parents and date of birth have been sup-
plied by the city clerk, Bath, Me. C. E. Clement and
Laurence Hutton, Artists of the Nineteenth Century
(rev. ed., 1907), gives a fairly complete list of Jack-
son's works and their owners, with extended critical
excerpts from the Boston Transcript, and from the
Boston Daily Advertiser, Oct. 28, 1878. D. T. Valen-
tine, Manual of the Corporation of the City of N. Y.,
1860, lists the members of the Kane Monument Asso-
ciation in 1859, and has a lithograph of the proposed
Kane statue. See also Lorado Taft, The Hist, of Am.
Sculpture (enl. ed., 1924) ; H. T. Tuckerman, Book of
the Artists (1867); Evening Post, (N. Y.), Sept. i,
1879; N. Y. Tribune, Sept. 3, 1879,] A. A

JACKSON, JOHN BRINCKERHOFF

(Aug. 19, i862-Dec. 20, 1920), diplomat, was
born at Newark, N. J.,the son of Frederick Wol-
cott and Nannie (Nye) Jackson. Although his
father, grandfather, and great-grandfather had
been identified with the railroad interests of New
Jersey, John early decided upon a naval career.
He was graduated from the United States Naval
Academy in 1883 and spent the next two years
with the European Squadron. While assigned
to duty in the United States he married Florence
A. Baird of Philadelphia, Apr. 26,1886. Shortly
after his marriage he was ordered to join the
Pacific Squadron but because of his wife's ill
health, resigned his commission as ensign, June
30, 1886. He then began the study of law and
was admitted to the New York bar in 1889.

On Dec. 30, 1890, President Harrison ap-
pointed Jackson second secretary of the legation
in Germany, then in charge of Minister Phelps
of New Jersey. Four years later President
Cleveland commissioned him secretary of em-
bassy, in which capacity, frequently as charge
d'affaires ad interim, he served at Berlin until
1902. His twelve years in Germany under four
administrations gave the American mission a
valuable continuity when both countries were
embarking as world powers, and when the new
Emperor's aggressive political and commercial
policies in the East and in the West were com-
ing into conflict with those of the United States.
Jackson was in charge of the embassy in all
about twenty months, including the last tense
month of the Spanish-American War, during
the Hague Conference of 1899, and while the

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