Jacobi

States has ever sustained. He died at the home
of his lifelong friend Carl Schurz, who had pre-
deceased him. Among the honors conferred
upon him by his profession were the presidencies
of the American Pediatric Society (twice), the
Association of American Physicians (1896);
the New York Academy of Medicine (1885-
89), and the American Medical Association
(1912-13). A still greater honor, however, be-
cause almost without precedent in the United
States, was the "Festschrift" in Honor of Abra-
ham Jacobi, M.D., LL.D., with the heading, In-
ternational Contributions to Medical Literature,
published in 1900 by colleagues and former pu-
pils to memorialize his seventieth birthday. With
this volume should be placed the Proceedings
and Addresses at the Complimentary Dinner
Tendered to Dr. A. Jacobi on the Occasion of the
Seventieth Anniversary of His Birthday (1900).
At the memorial service held at the Academy of
Medicine, July 14, 1919, four days after his
death, it was stated that the Academy owed its
great success chiefly to Jacobi's wisdom and sa-
gacity.

Jacobi was a prolific contributor to medical
journals. With Emil Noeggerath, he founded
the American Journal of Obstetrics in 1862. He
published several monographs, including The
Intestinal Diseases of Infancy and Childhood
(1887; 2nd ed., 1890), Therapeutics of Infancy
and Childhood (1896; 3rd ed., 1903), and sev-
eral smaller volumes. In 1909 Dr. William J.
Robinson assembled his papers to date in eight
volumes, entitled Dr. Jacobi's Works, with the
cover title, Collectanea Jacobi. Jacobi had an
extensive library and his articles always bristled
with learning and citations.

His medical career can hardly be separated
from his civic career. He always stood for
Americanism; civic virtue (he v(ras active in the
up-building of the Civil Service Reform Asso-
ciation) ; scientific methods, and progress, and
he was not afraid to be on the unpopular side:
thus he opposed prohibition and advocated birth
control. During the World War he was strong-
ly anti-German, or rather, anti-Hohenzollern.
He was a small man, conspicuous in middle life
by his Oriental and leonine appearance. He had
an infinite fund of humor which doubtless helped
to preserve him from the radicalism of his early
years. In 1873 be married Mary Corinna Put-
nam who as Mary Putnam Jacobi [#.#*] was one
of the most distinguished woman physicians of
her time,

tLancet-CKnic (Cincinnati), May 14, 1910; Am.
/our. Obstetrics, May 1913; Francis Huber, in The
Child (London), Dec. 1913; Medic. Life, Oct. 1926;
Victor Robinson, "The Life of A. Jacobi," Ibid., May-

Jacobi

June 1928; Medic. Record, July 19, 1919, July 24,
1920; N. Y. Medic. Jour., July 19, 1919; Jour. Am.
Medic. Asso., July 19, 1919; F. H. Garrison, "Dr.
Abraham Jacobi/1 Science, Aug. i, 1919; Scientific
Monthly, Aug. 1919; N. Y. Times, July 12, 1919.]

E.P.

JACOBI, MARY CORINNA PUTNAM

(Aug. 31, i842-June 10, 1906), physician, edu-
cator, author, was the eldest of the eleven chil-
dren of the publisher, George Palmer Putnam
[#.#.], and Victorine (Haven) Putnam. On both
sides she came of unmixed Puritan stock. She
was born in London while her father was busied
in establishing his London publishing house. In
1848, when she was five, the family returned to
New York. Mary was precocious, with an ac-
tive, dominant disposition. Free country life on
Staten Island and later at Yonkers and Morris-
ania stimulated her imagination, developed in-
dependence of character which her desultory
early home education did nothing to stifle. At
fifteen she began to commute to an excellent New
York public school, from which she was grad-
uated in 1859. The following year, she published
in the Atlantic Monthly (April 1860), a story,
"Found and Lost." Despite the then virulent
prejudice against women in medicine, she early
determined to become a physician, and her fa-
ther placed no obstacles in the path of her "re-
pulsive pursuit" She took what training a wo-
man might secure in America and was graduated
in 1863 from the New York College of Pharmacy
and in 1864 from the Female Medical College of
Pennsylvania (later the Woman's Medical Col-
lege), supplementing her work by hospital ex-
perience in Philadelphia and Boston, and by
private study. Realizing that her preparation
was seriously inadequate, she sailed for Paris in
September 1866, to lay deliberate siege to the
ficole de Medicine, in which no woman had yet
set foot as a student. Rejected by the faculty,
she entered hospital clinics and laboratories, at-
tending lectures at the Jardin des Plantes and in
the College de France, eking out her income by
contributions to American newspapers and to
Putnam's Magazine and Scribner's Monthly. In
the fall of 1867, she achieved admission to a
dass at the ficole Pratique, and in January she
circumvented the faculty of the ficole de Mede-
cine by appeal to the minister of public instruc-
tion, M. Duruy, for permission to attend the
cours of a certain professor. Her appearance by
a side door, the first woman to enter the historic
amphitheatre, failed to precipitate the predicted
riot, so thoroughly had she won respect by her
work in the clinics. She had still a six months'
fight for the right to take examinations leading
to a degree. At last she was sent in by the rain-

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