Jacobs

abled him to write a really remarkable article on
Spinoza for the Jewish Encyclop&dia. He was
also a contributor to the eleventh edition of the
Encyclopedia Britannica and to Hastings's Ew-
cyclopcidia of Religion and Ethics.

The adverse Jewish position in Eastern Eu-
rope led him more and more into practical Jewish
work and Jewish studies. In 1896 he began the
issue of the English Jewish Year Book which
has since then become an institution. In the same
year he was invited to the United States to de-
liver a course of lectures before Gratz College in
Philadelphia and chose as his subject "The Phi-
losophy of Jewish History." In 1900 he was
invited to come to America as the revising
editor of the Jewish Encyclopedia. Although
planned as a temporary visit it resulted in his
settlement in the United States. He was respon-
sible for the style of the articles in the Encyclo-
pedia but by reason of the wide range of his
mind he was able also to contribute several hun-
dred articles to it. He was appointed in 1908 a
member of a Board of Seven which undertook
a new English translation of the Bible for the
Jewish Publication Society of America. Upon
the completion of the Encyclopaedia he became
registrar and professor of English at the Jewish
Theological Seminary of America in New York,
but in 1913 retired from this office to become the
editor of the American Hebrew of the same city,
a post which he held until his death. His last
important work was "Jewish Contributions to
Civilization" which was left incomplete but was
posthumously published in 1919. Jacobs married
Georgina Home by whom he had two sons and
a daughter.

[Trans, of the Jewish Hist. Soc. of England, Ses-
sions 1915-17 (1918), memorial addresses with bibli-
ography of Jacobs' contributions to Anglo-Jewish his-
tory and statistics by Israel Abrahams; Alexander
Marx, "The Jewish Scholarship of Joseph Jacobs," Am.
Hebrew, Feb. n, 1916; obituary and appreciations in
Ibid., Feb. 4, 1916; London Jewish Chronicle, Feb.
n, 1916; Jewish Exponent (Philadelphia)^ Feb. 4*
1916; Mayer Sulzberger, article in Am. Jewish Hist.
Soc. Pubs., no. 25 (1917), with bibliography; Jewish
Encyc,, vol. VII (1925) ; Who's Who in America,,
1914-15; N. Y. Times, Feb. i, 1916.] c. A.

JACOBS, JOSEPH (Aug. 5, i859-Sept. 7,
1929), pharmacist, philanthropist, collector of
Burnsiana, was born in Jefferson, Ga., the son
of Gabriel Jacobs, a native of Germany, and
Ernestine (Hyman) Jacobs of Chicago, 111. He
attended the Martin Institute at Jefferson until
he was about fifteen years of age when his par-
ents moved to Athens, Ga. He then became the
apprentice of the distinguished physician-phar-
macist, Crawford W. Long [g.v.]. While em-
ployed to th<? drug store qf Long & Billups, he

Jacobs

took a course in chemistry at the University of
Georgia and later attended the Philadelphia Col-
lege of Pharmacy, from which he was graduated
in 1879. After completing his course in phar-
macy, he returned to Athens and began his busi-
ness career as a manufacturing pharmacist. In
1884 he moved to Atlanta, Ga., where he pur-
chased a pharmacy. In time his business devel-
oped into a chain of sixteen stores operated
under the name of the Jacobs Pharmacy Com-
pany. He was an enthusiastic worker in the
American Pharmaceutical Association as well as
the Georgia State Pharmaceutical Association.
He took an active part in the conduct of the
affairs of these organizations and also partici-
pated in their business and professional meetings,
contributing to them many papers dealing with
various phases of pharmaceutical practice. In
1886 he was married to Claire Sartorious, a resi-
dent of Atlanta, Ga. She died Aug. 26,1910, and
on Nov. n, 1925, he married Elizabeth Smith of
Griffin, Ga.

Jacobs' devotion to his friends was exhibited
in many unique and substantial ways. It was
largely through his efforts that a statue of his
preceptor, Crawford W. Long, w'as placed in the
National Hall of Fame in the Capitol at Wash-
ington. When it was found that the state legisla-
ture, because of constitutional restrictions, could
not appropriate the ten thousand dollars neces-
sary for carrying out this project, he contributed
a large part of the sum personally and secured
the remainder from friends. He also erected a
granite stone bearing a bronze tablet with suit-
able inscription to the memory of Long in front
of the Peabody Library on the campus of the
University of Georgia and was instrumental in
having a monument erected to him on the Court
House Square in Danielsville, Ga., the birthplace
of the physician. Jacobs' greatest hobby, how-
ever, was collecting works on Burns, and during
his lifetime he succeeded in assembling the finest
private collection of the poet's works in existence
in America. This he bequeathed to his son Sin-
clair with the stipulation that it should be opened
to the reading public at least once a month. He
was the founder of the Atlanta Burns Club and,
in 1928, he was one of the two American dele-
gates-at-large to the meeting of the Federated
Burns Clubs of the World held in Edinburgh,
Scotland,

[Jour, of the Am. Pharmaceutical Asso., Oct. 1929;
Pharmaceutical Eraf Sept. 1929; Atlanta Constitution,
Aug. 5, Sept. 8, 1929; information as to certain facts
from Jacobs' son, Sinclair Jacobs.] A.G.D-M.

JACOBS, MICHAEL (Jan. 18, i8o8-July 22,
1871), Lutheran clergyman, educator, was born

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