Jadwin

became director of construction and forestry at
the Service of Supply, Tours, France. This work
engaged the services of some 61,500 officers and
men (ultimately increased to 160,000), in the
construction of many hundreds of army barracks,
hospitalization for 280,000 beds, many great
docks for seagoing vessels at various ports, some
947 miles of standard-gauge railroad, covered
storage (500 acres) housing ninety days' sup-
plies for 2,120,000 men with remount facilities
for 39,000, and veterinary space for 23,000 ani-
mals. In the Bordeaux area, four million gallons
per day of pure water were developed through
artesian wells, with similar water-supply proj-
ects at Brest and St. Nazaire. At Gievres, Jad-
win erected a refrigeration plant with a daily
capacity of 5,200 tons of meat and 375 tons of
ice (Army and Navy Register, Dec. 6,1919; and
Evening Star, Washington, Mar. 3, 1931). The
Distinguished Service Medal was awarded him
at the close of the war, "for exceptionally meri-
torious and distinguished services," with the
statement that "he brought to [his] important
task a splendidly trained mind and exceptionally
high skill. His breadth of vision and sound judg-
ment influenced greatly the successful completion
of many vast construction projects undertaken
by the American Expeditionary Forces." He was
made by the British government a companion of
the Bath, and by the French government a com-
mander of the Legion of Honor.

With the ending of the World War, President
Wilson appointed Jadwin a member of the com-
mission investigating certain conditions in Po-
land, 1919-20, during which period he reverted
to the rank of colonel. He served as engineer of-
ficer, VIII Corps Area, 1920-22, district engi-
neer at Charleston, S. C, 1922-24, and in the
same year, 1924, was made chairman of the
American Section, Joint Canadian-American In-
ternational Board, for the development of the St.
Lawrence River with respect to navigation and
power, serving until 1929. His outstanding abili-
ty was recognized, June 19, 1924, by promotion
to brigadier-general and assistant to the chief of
engineers, with service on many important boards
and commissions, including the chairmanship of
the technical advisory commission to the joint
congressional committee on the question of leas-
ing Muscle Shoals (1926). He was promoted
major-general and made chief of engineers, June
27,1926. Perhaps the most notable service of his
administration was the sponsoring of the Army
Engineer Plan for Mississippi Flood Control,
which was adopted by Congress after much con-
troversy and involved the expenditure of $375,-
000,000 of public funds. He also served as a

James

member of the Federal Oil Conservation Board,
and of the international conference on oil pollu-
tion of navigable waters.

He was a delegate to the World's Engineering
Congress at Tokyo in 1929, and in that year
served as president of the American Society of
Military Engineers. Retired from active service
as a lieutenant-general by operation of law, Aug.
7, 1929, he became consulting engineer of the
Meadows Reclamation Commission and chair-
man of a board of advisory engineers to the state
of New York. In 1930, he was offered by Presi-
dent Hoover the important post of chairman of
the newly created Federal Power Commission,
a nomination which was opposed by a minority
group in the Senate. Declining the appointment,
he was later designated as chairman of the Inter-
oceanic Canal Board, to determine upon whether
or not the government should undertake con-
struction of a canal across Nicaragua, or an in-
crease in the capacity of the Panama Canal*
While on this duty he died suddenly of cerebral
hemorrhage at Gorgas Hospital, Canal Zone.
Interment was at Arlington National Cemetery,
Mar. 12, 1931, with impressive military honors.
He was survived by his widow, Jean (Laubach)
Jadwin, to whom he was married Oct. 6, 1891,
and by two children.

[Certain important information has been furnished
by a daughter, Charlotte Jadwin Hearn, Washington,
D. C. For many details see G, W. Cullum, Biog. Reg.
Officers and Grads., U. S. Mil Acad., vol. III-VII ;
archives, Asso. of Grads., U. S. Mil. Acad.; Who's
Who in America, 1930-31 ; Alfred Mathews, Hist, of
Wayne, Pike, and Monroe Counties, Pa. (1886) ; Army
and Navy Journal, Aug. 17, 1929 ; N. Y. Herald Trib-
une, Aug. 8, 1929, July 12, 1930, and Mar. 3, 1931 ;
N. Y. Times, Mar. 3, 1931.]

JAMES, CHARLES (Apr. 27, i88o-Dec. 10,
1928), chemist, was born at Earls Barton, near
Northampton, England. He was the son of Wil-
liam and Mary Diana (Shatford) James. His
scientific education was obtained at the Institute
of Chemistry, London, where he graduated in
1904 ; Ramsay was his teacher of chemistry. Af-
ter working about two years as a chemist at the
New Cransley Iron and Steel Company, Ketter-
ing, England, he came to the United States,
where he was granted citizenship in 1920. Join-
ing the chemistry staff of New Hampshire Col-
lege (later University of New Hampshire), Dur-
ham, N. H., he remained with that institution
twenty-two years, as instructor, assistant profes-
sor, and professor and head of the department.
Here he made extensive investigations of the
rare earths. The account of this original work,
which won him international recognition, is em-
bodied in about sixty papers published principally
in the Journal of the American Chemical Society

571