Janauschek

well in the secession convention. His election
on the fourth ballot to the presidency of this
body, the most distinguished in the history of
the state, he regarded as the crowning point in
his life. From December 1860 to the following
April he was a member of the Executive Council.
In December 1862 he was appointed presiding
judge for the military court of Beauregard's
corps, holding this position till his death of yel-
low fever in September 1864. He was buried at
Orangeburg.

Jamison used the interval of release from pub-
lic service in 1861 and 1862 to finish his Life
and Times of Bertrand Du Guesdin (2 vols.,
London and Charleston, 1864). Even during
the great struggle of his own people, the stately
figures and stirring episodes of the Hundred
Years' War retained their appeal for him, and
the footnotes in the volumes, many of them to
rare and difficult sources, bear witness to his
patient industry and careful analysis. The work
was printed in England, and thus twice ran the
blockade.

[Sources include a manuscript article on Jamison by
I. L. Jenkins, Anderson, S. C.; and notes on the South
Carolina Jamisons by A. S. Salley, Columbia (pub-
lished in part in E. 0. Jameson, The Jamesons in Amer-
ica, 1647-1900, 1901, in which the name is mispelled).
See also Charleston Daily Courier, Oct. 18, 1844, Oct.
17, 1846, Sept 15, 1864; Charleston Mercury, Oct.
10, 1851, Dec. 8, 1864; Harper's Weekly, Feb. 2, 1861;
Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, Feb. 9, 1861;
Southern Presbyterian Review, Mar. 1866.]

R.L.M—r.

JANAUSCHEK, FRANZISKA MAGDA-
LENA ROMANCE (July 20, iSso-Nov. 28,
1904), actress, better known as Fanny Janaus-
chek, was born in Prague, Bohemia, one of nine
children in a humble family. As a child she
showed musical talent, but this was soon over-
borne by her histrionic gifts. When still in her
teens, Julius Benedix trained her in Cologne,
and made her his leading actress in Frankfurt-
am-Main in 1848. During the next two decades
she became one of Germany's leading trage-
diennes, played successfully in Russia and else-
where on the Continent, and received many gifts
of jewels from various rulers. In 1867 she came
to America, acting in German. Augustin Daly
saw her at the Academy of Music in New York,
playing in Deborah, and persuaded her to learn
English. She devoted the year 1869 to this task,
taking "four professors" to the country, for
"reading," "grammar," "pronunciation," and the
study of her roles. But meanwhile, on Nov. 7,
1868, she appeared in Boston with Edwin Booth,
in Macbeth, he of course acting in English, she
in German. Such things were permitted in those
encouraged. On Oct. 13, 1870, she

Janauschek

began her career in English, under Daly's
agement, at the New York Academy of Mu§!
acting in Mary Stuart The New York papers^
compared her English favorably with Fechter's
and praised her acting highly. She also won
great favor with her Deborah and other of her
transplanted roles and is said to have cleared
$20,000 on the season.

She remained in America, acting in English,
for four years, going back to Germany in 1874.
But in 1880 she returned and thereafter made
America her home. Meanwhile, however, pub-
lic taste and the styles of drama were changing
rapidly, and Janauschek, who was now a woman
of fifty, trained in the old German school, would
not and probably could not change with them.
Hers was the "bold, broad school" of acting, and
her roles included such parts as Medea, Mary
Stuart, Catherine II, Brunhilde (in which Long-
fellow greatly admired her), Lady Macbeth, and
the dual role of Hortense and Lady Dedlock in
a dramatization of Bleak House. When she add-
ed to her repertoire Meg Merrilies, once a fa-
mous part of Charlotte Cushman's, the play al-
ready seemed to the critics "a long, tiresome
melodrama." Janauschek had been further handi-
capped by bad business management. F. J. Pil-
lot, styled a German baron, had conducted—or
misconducted—her early tours of the country,
and was said by some to be her husband, but both
denied it He was a victim of drink, and the
actress, after dismissing him, made him an al-
lowance during his latter years, which he passed
in Boston, sometimes making empty threats of
blackmail against her, and dying there in 1884.

As the years crept on, and her popularity
waned with the changing times, Janauschek
sought to recapture attention by acting in ex-
travagant melodramas, or else had to be content
with subordinate parts. In 1895 she played
Mother Rosenbaum in The Great Diamond
Robbery, which her grandiloquent style fitted;
but she despised the play and declared that she
"hoped Booth wasn't looking down at hen" At
this time A. C. Wheeler, the critic, wrote, "We
come to the grim facts of an otherwise resplen-
dent career, and see a woman of sixty-five, grown
gray in the service of the public, wrinkled and
spectacled, wearing her memories with a mantle
of reproach, but still proudly capable of asserting
her birthright and her authority when the chal-
lenge comes—the only Mary Stuart left to
the Western world." Thereafter she attempted
vaudeville, and once at least made a tour as Meg
Merrilies with a very bad company and shabby
scenery. The present writer saw her in Wash-
ington, in 1899, like a strange and pathetic ap-

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