Janney

ciation in 1888, after many tests, made the Jan-
ney coupler, as improved by Janney's patents of
1874, 1879 and 1882 (Ibid., October 1874, PP-
428-30, February 1879, pp. 1031-34, February
1882, pp. 1115-16) the standard for the rail-
roads, that Janney's company prospered. Even
so, the railroads were reluctant to make a stand-
ard of a patented device until Janney, acting for
his company, agreed to waive the patented rights
on the contour lines of the coupler. The com-
pany did not make the couplers but entered into
contracts with manufacturers on a royalty basis.
Upon the expiration of his first patents Janney
retired from active part in the work of introduc-
ing the coupler but continued to invent improve-
ments, and at the time of his death had pending
a patent known as the "knuckle pin-protector."
On Jan. 6, 1857, he married Cornelia Hamilton
of Loudoun County, Va,, and at the time of his
death, in Alexandria, he was survived by three
children.

[Ann. Cat. of Oneida Conference Seminary, 1852-
54; War of the Rebellion: Official Records (Army);
Report of the Proc. . . . of the Master Car-Builders
Asso., 1887-88; Sci. American, July 13, 1912; Iron
Age, June 20,1912; Alexandria Cassettef June 17,1912;
Washington Post. June 17, 1912; Nat. Museum rec-
ords.] CW.M.
JANNEY, OLIVER EDWARD (Mar. 8,
i8s6-Nov. 17, 1930), physician and philan-
thropist, the youngest child of Henry and Han-
nah Russell (Scholfield) Janney, was born in
Washington, D. C, and died in Baltimore, Md.
He was a descendant of Thomas Janney, Quaker
minister, and his wife, Margery, of Cheshire,
England, who migrated to Pennsylvania in 1683.
His early life was spent in the country, where
his primary education was carried on largely at
home under the tuition of an aunt and his older
sister, Elizabeth. He attended the Friends Ele-
mentary and High School conducted by Elizabeth
Lamb in Baltimore and the State Normal School
at Millersville, Pa., graduating from the latter
in 1875. He then became an apprentice in a
Baltimore drug store, where he served for six
years. Graduating as a pharmacist from the
University of Maryland in March 1879, he en-
tered the medical department of that institution
and in 1881 received the degree of M.D. In
October of that same year he was admitted to
the senior class of the Hahnemann Medical Col-
lege, Philadelphia, from which he graduated in
1882. Returning to Baltimore, he engaged in
the practice of medicine. In 1891 he was ap-
pointed to the faculty of the Southern Homeo-
pathic Medical College. On Oct. 22, 1885, he
married Anne B. Webb, daughter of William
Barter and Rebecca Turner Webb of Philadd-
piua, by whom he had three children.

Janney

During all these years of many professional
engagements, Janney entered energetically into
the activities of the Friends Meeting, and into
many of the social reform movements of his
time. From 1900 to 1920 he was chairman of
the Friends General Conference, For many
years he took an active part in the work of the
American Purity Alliance, succeeding Aaron M.
Powell as its president in 1900. In 1906 with
other interested Friends and philanthropic citi-
zens, he organized the National Vigilance Com-
mittee, which had for its object the suppression
of the white slave traffic in women, then prev-
alent throughout the civilized world; Janney
was made chairman and Elizabeth Stover, sec-
retary. He attended several conventions abroad
convened to consider the problems of degraded
womanhood, and was appointed by President
Taft an official delegate from the United States
to the International White Slave Congress held
at Madrid in October 1910. He also took an
active part in the work of the Society for the
Suppression of Vice in Baltimore; early iden-
tified himself with the temperance, woman suf-
frage, interracial relations, and other movements
for the benefit of humanity; and for many years
prior to his death, he was an active member of
the headquarters committee of the Anti-Saloon
League of Maryland. In 1917 he was one of fif-
teen called together to initiate the peace service
of Friends in time of war, a gathering which
resulted in the organization of the American
Friends Service Committee. He represented
the Friends on the peace committee of the Fed-
eral Churches of Christ, and was active in its
work. In 1907, with full approval of his wife,
he gave up the practice of medicine to devote
all his time and energy to reform and religious
work. He worked devotedly and whole-hearted-
ly to advance the principles of the Society, par-
ticularly in his own Yearly Meeting. In 1910
the Baltimore Yearly Meeting appointed an Ad-
vancement Committee with Janney as chairman;
from 1914 to 1928 he served as secretary, re-
signing to become chairman of the Joint Co-
operating Committee of the two Baltimore Year-
ly Meetings. Among his published writings are:
The White Slave Traffic in America (1911);
The Making of a Man (1914); Quakerism
and Its Application to Some Modern Problems
(1917). He was also the author of several
booklets and pamphlets.

[W. A. Cooke, A Vision and its Fulfilment (1910) J
Who's Who in America, 1928-29; T. L. Bradford, Biog.
Index of the Grads. of the Homeopathic Medic. Coll.
of Pa. and the Hahnemann Medic. Coll and Hospital
of Phila. (1918); E. F. Cordell, Univ. of Md., 1807-
1907 (1907), vol. II; Sun (Baltimore), Nov. 18, 19,
1930; Friends Intelligencer, Dec. 13, 1930; minutes

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