Jarratt

week. As a result of his zeal from 1764 to 1772
there was a notable and widespread awakening
of religious interest. Francis Asbury [q.v.]t
who had the warmest affection for him, says in
his journal under date of Dec. 29, 1781, "I am
persuaded there have been more souls convinced
by his ministry than by any other man in Vir-
ginia." In 1776 Jarratt wrote A Brief Narra-
tive of the Revival of Religion in Virginia in a
Letter to a Friend, which was sent to John Wes-
ley and later printed in London, a second and
third edition being issued there in 1778. It also
appears in The Journal of the Rev. Francis As-
bury (1821) under date of Dec. 19,1776. When
the Methodist preacher Robert Williams [q.v.]
came to Virginia in 1773, Jarratt entertained
and assisted him. Assured that the Methodists
did not contemplate leaving the Established
Church, he cooperated with them cordially. At
the Methodist Conference of 1782 the following
action was taken: "The conference acknowledge
their obligations to the Rev. Mr. Jarratt, for his
kind and friendly services to the preachers and
people, from our first entrance into Virginia:
and more particularly for attending our confer-
ence in Sussex, both in public and private; and
we advise the preachers in the south to consult
him, and to take his advice in the absence of
brother Asbury" (Jesse Lee, A Short History
of the Methodists, in the United States of Amer-
ica, 1810, p. 81). When the Methodists organ-
ized themselves into an independent body his
attitude toward them was less cordial. Al-
though deeply attached to the Episcopal Church,
he was treated with coolness by many of its
clergy, and attended few of its conventions. At
one held at Richmond, May 3, 1792, however,
he preached an earnest, evangelical sermon
which was printed, a fourth edition appearing
as late as 1809. In 1791 he published Thoughts
on Some Capital Subjects in Divinity in a Series
of Letters to a Friend, which was reprinted in
The Life of the Reverend Devereux Jarratt,
Written by Himself, in a Series of Letters Ad-
dressed to the Rev. John Coleman (1806). He
also published Sermons on Various and Impor-
tant Subjects, in Practical Divinity, Adapted to
the Meanest Capacities, and Suited to the Fam-
ily and Closet (3 vols., I793-94)- An Argument
Between an Anabaptist and a Methodist on the
Subject and Mode of Baptism, "published by a
member of the Church of England," reprinted in
1814, is also attributed to him. During his last
years he suffered from a cancer of the face
which ultimately caused his death. Under date
of Apr. 19, 1801, Asbury wrote "there had been
put forth a printed appointment for me to preach

Jarves

the funeral sermon of the late Rev. Devereux
Jarratt; who had lately returned to his rest/'

[In addition to the Life mentioned above, see The
Jour, of the Rev. Francis Asbury (3 vols., 1821) under
dates of Nov. 28, 1775; Jan. 10, Dec. 19, 1776; June i,
1780; Dec. 29, 1781; Apr. 19, 1782; Apr. 19, 1801;
Nathan Bangs, Hist, of the M. E. Ch.t vol. I (1839);
Win. B. Sprague, Annals Am. Pulpit, vol. V (1859) ;
J. W. Smith, "Devereux Jarratt and the Beginnings of
Methodism in Virginia," The John P. Branch Hist.
Papers of Randolph-Macon Coll., no, i (1901) ; L. M.
Lee, The Life and Times of the Rev. Jesse Lee (1848),
pp. 388-94; and E. L. Goodwin, The Colonial Ch. in
Fa.(ig27).} H.E.S.

JARVES, DEMING (i79o-Apr. 15, 1869),
chemist, inventor, organizer and manager of
three Massachusetts flint-glass houses, was the
son of John and Hannah (Seabury) Jarves and
was baptized at the New South Church, Boston,
on Dec. 9, 1790. He became one of the leaders
in the glass industry in America during the first
half of the nineteenth century. In 1817 the Bos-
ton Crown Glass Company of Cambridge, Mass.,
which since 1815 had specialized in the produc-
tion of lime-flint glass, was sold at public auc-
tion to Deming Jarves, Amos Binney, Daniel
Hastings, and other associates, Jarves con-
trolling the stock. As the New England Glass
Company, the firm was granted charter rights
to manufacture "Flint and Crown Glass of all
kinds, in the towns of Boston and Cambridge."
The situation confronting native glass manu-
facture at this time was precarious in that Eng-
lish manufacturers controlled American trade
because of their use of secret formulae in metal
compounding, especially as it related to the proc-
ess of making red-lead or litharge. Jarves con-
structed a set of furnaces for experimental pur-
poses and was successful in compounding lith-
arge upon his initial attempt. From that time,
for more than thirty years, he not only sup-
plied native flint-glass houses with red-lead, but
held the monopoly of galena, or painters' red-
lead, in the United States. His discovery en-
abled the New England Glass Company, and
subsequently other firms, to compete with for-
eign trade after expert glass cutters were
brought from Europe.

A temperamental genius, Jarves soon quar-
reled with his associates, and later on with the
stockholders of other enterprises in which he
was interested. It is claimed that he was dis-
posed to appropriate the discoveries and patents
of other glass technicians, assuming credit for
numerous ideas which were actually developed
by others. In 1824 he went to Pittsburgh, and by
a prolonged visit to the Bakewell firm, acquired
an insight into their methods of operation, which
were the most advanced in the country. He then
returned to Boston, broke with the Cambridge

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