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977.201 W36y 1427979

GENEALOGY COLLECTION

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3 1833 00828 8224

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HISTORY

WAYNE COUNTY,'

INDIANA,

FROM ITS FIKST SETTLEMENT TO THE PRESENT TIME;

WITH NUMEBOtIS

Biographical and Family Sketches,

Bt ANDREW W. YOUNG,

AiTTHOB OF " SCIENCE OF GOVERNMENT," "AMERICAN STATESMAN," "NATIONAL ECONOMY," Etc.

Embellished with upwabds of Fiftt Portraits of Citizens, AND Views of Buildings.

CINCINNATI:

ROBERT CLARKE & CO., Print. 1872.

1427979

INTRODUCTION

More than two years ago, I engaged to revise the manu- script of a history of Wayne county for publication. After r-1 several months' labor had been bestowed on the revision, ^"! the proprietor concluded to relinquish the enterprise. At £| the solicitation of a number of honorable gentlemen, who ^ were desirous that a history of the county should be writ- § ten, and who expressed the belief that this desire was gen- ^^ eral, I consented to undertake the publication on my own gg responsibility.

** But of the material in my hands, little related to any part ^^ of the county beyond the limits of Wayne township. Be- ^ lieving that nothing short of a regular and well-arranged hia- "^ tory of every township would meet the general expectation, it was deemed necessary to alter the plan of the work, and to commence anew the collection of material. For this pur- pose, every township was visited in person, in order to avail myself of the most reliable sources of information. But in this work a serious difficulty was soon met. The statements -, of different persons were widely at variance. The con- fident assertions of some were contradicted by others; and important events were left in uncertainty. Hence it became necessary to visit many persons in ditFerent, and often distant parts of the township, to determine doubtful points.

Nor was a single journey to every township sufficient.

"With a view to the nearest approach to accuracy, the county

'<! was traversed a number of times. And to remove all

IV INTRODUCTION.

remaining doubts, these numerous visits to the townships were supplemented by a large amount of correspondence with their most reliable citizens. Yet, necessarily depending upon hundreds of fallible memories, it would be no marvel if some inaccuracies were discovered. In several instances informants have corrected their own statements made with great assurance. Hence, it need not be thought strange if some of the best authenticated facts shall be disputed. On this subject, I only add, that if, with all the pains taken to insure a correct history, the object has not been attained, it may confidently be pronounced unattainable. Every reason- able effort has been made to carry out the original purpose of producing a history that should " fulfill the public expecta- tion, and reflect credit upon the county."

The foregoing observations will account, in great part, for the unexpected delay in the issue of the work. For this de- lay, the public will find ample satisfaction in the extra matter which it contains. By an economical use of space, and the addition of about sixty extra pages, subscribers will receive twenty per cent, more matter than was promised. A history of the county might have been issued earlier ; but I could not conscientiously ofifer the public a work that was not satisfac- tory to myself, and presumed its patrons would rather be served a few months later with a good book, than earlier with an indifierent one.

In another particular they will be more than satisfied. Although no definite number of embellishments was prom- ised, the highest expectations have been far exceeded. Instead of twenty, the number which, it was hoped, might be obtained, the patrons of the work are presented with Jifty -portraits of present and former citizens of this county. Of these, ten were engraved on steel, and forty are lithographs, of which four represent the worthy wives of pioneers ; two of whom — one in her 84th year, the other nearly her equal in

INTRODUCTION. V

years — are yet living. These portraits, with the views of several buildings, have cost upwards of twenty-jive hundred dollars.

That the work will escape a rigid criticism, is hardly to be expected. Matter which some may appreciate, others will consider of minor importance. Some will read with little interest the adventures and experience of the early settlers, with which they are already familiar. They should bear in mind, that portions of the work are written not so much for the present generation, as for the generations which are to follow. Many remember with what eagerness they listened to the tales of pioneer life from the lips of their ancestors. Before the present generation shall have passed away, not an individual will remain to relate the experiences of the first settlers, which have so deeply interested us. This interest will not abate with the lapse of time. The written narrative of incidents of " life in the woods," will be no less acceptable to those who come after us, than was the oral relation to ourselves.

Hence, to commemorate the events and occurrences of the past — to transmit to our descendants a faithful history of our own time — is a duty. Many to whom such a history shall be transmitted, will estimate its value at many times its original price. Without it, little will be known of early times, ex- cept what shall have come down to them by tradition, always imperfect and unreliable.

Pioneer history, however, constitutes but the smaller por- tion of the work. The reader will find a great variety of other matter, civil, ecclesiastical, educational, commercial, agricultural, statistical, and biographical, which will render it convenient and useful as a book of reference, now and here- after. And the consideration should not be overlooked, that works of this kind will prove a source of valuable informa- tion to future historians.

VI INTRODUCTION.

Some of the events recorded may be considered unim- portant. As isolated facts, they may possess no great im- portance. A man's character is formed, in great part, by a combination of traits scarcely noticeable separate and alone. So the aggregate of many minor incidents constitutes a ma- terial part of the most valuable histories. Yet nothing has been admitted in this work, that was not designed to con- tribute to its interest or value.

A general desire was early manifested by present settlers, to see the names of themselves or their ancestors associated with the history of the county. To gratify this desire — both natural and proper — the names of a large portion of the early and present settlers in every township have been given; and others would have been added to the number, if the necessary facts had been more easily accessible. The omission is not justly attributable to a discriminating partiality.

The attention of the reader is invited to the plan and arrangement of the work. Matter of general interest and application, embracing the early history of the state and of the county, has been first introduced, and is carefully ar- ranged under appropriate heads or titles. This greatly facil- itates the finding of historical facts. The general history of the county is followed by a particular history of each of the several townships in alphabetical order. The sketch of each township embraces the names of early and present farmers, mechanics, business and professional men; notices of its mills, manufactures, schools, and religious societies. This will aid in the search for matter relating to any of the town-

Biographical and genealogical sketches form a distinguish- ing feature of the work, and are annexed to the history of each township. Probably no part of the work will be more frequently referred to. Aware of the various estimates of

INTKODUCTION. Vll

human character^ it was deemed prudent to avoid all eulogy of the living. I have not ventured beyond a simple state- ment of the more noticeable incidents and events of the life of any living subject. It should be here observed, that sketches of persons are not in all cases inserted in the his- tories of the townships in which they now reside ; several will be found in the histories of townships in which they passed an earlier and perhaps a more eventful period of their lives. To aid the reader in finding any sketch, an index of the names of persons thus noticed — about two hundred in num- ber— is inserted at the end of the work, with references to the pages on which they are to be found.

Tomy numerous friends who have given me assurances of their interest in this history, I tender my grateful acknowl- edgments. All who have been applied to for information have cheerfully rendered the desired service. Those who have been chiefly consulted in the several townships, are the following : Abington — James Endsley, Joshua Dye, Nicholas Smith, George H. Smith, Andrew Hunt. Boston — "Wm.

Bulla, Joseph M. Bulla, Dennis Druley, Davenport, John

J. Couley, Jacob Rinehart, James P. Burgess. Center — Oliver T. Jones, David Commons, Lewis Jones, Joseph C. Ratliflf, Jacob B. Julian, Joseph Holman. Clay — Daniel and John Bradbury, i^athan and "Wm. C. Bond, Jonathan Bald- win, Wm. H. Bunnell, Lorenzo D. Personett, Thomas M. Kerr. Dalton — Charles Burroughs, Joseph Davis, John Davis, John Aaron Locke. Franklin — Wm. Addleman, Ed- ward Fisher, James White, Hosea C. Tillson. From a series of published letters of Mr. Tillson, on the early settlement of the Whitewater country, kindly loaned to me, several interesting reminiscences of pioneer life have been appro- priated. Green — Joseph and Allen Lewis, Charles B. Ballin- ger, Jesse Gates, Ezekiel Johnson; also, John Green, of

VIU INTRODUCTION.

Wayue, and Samuel K. Boyd, of Centerville, both early set- tlers of Green. Harrison — Isaac N. Beard ; also, S. K. Boyd and A. M. Bradbury, early, though not present residents of the township. Jackson — Benj. Conklin, Gen. S. Meredith, Sam- uel Morris, Dr. Samuel S. Boyd, Jacob Custer, Axum S. Elliott, Jacob Vore, l!^athan S. Hawkins, Dr. Lemuel R. Johnson, David IST. Berg, John I. Underwood, Henry H. Bruce. Jefferson — Nehemiah Cheeseman, Wm. C. Bowen, Wm. Stonebraker, David Bowman, Samuel Eiler, Andress S, "Wiggins, Isaac A. Pierce. New Garden — "William and Hiram Hough, George Shugart, Luke Thomas, Harvey Davis, Dr. Timothy W. Taylor. Perry — John Osborn, John M. Will- iams, Thomas Marshall, Henry Hollingsworth, Ira H. Hjitch- ins. Washington — Othniel Beeson, Charles H. Moore, Charles N". McGrew, James Callaway, Dr. Joel Pennington, John Zell, Isaac Doddridge. Wayne — Hugh Mofiitt, Nathan Haw- kins, Jeremiah Cox, Enoch Railsback, Benj. Hill, Daniel P. Wiggins, Achilles Williams, Jeremiah Hadley, Cornelius Ratliff", Miles J. Shinn, Lewis Burk, James M. Starr. Im- portant matter, also, has been obtained from the Memoir of Judge Hoover, Dr. Plummer's Historical Sketch, and the manuscripts of J. M. Wasson, before referred to as the orig- inator of the history. Special acknowledgments are also due to Mr. John C. Macpherson for his valued contribution of the "War History," which will stand as an enduring tribute to the patriotism of the citizens of Wayne county. The editors of the newspapers of Richmond are also entitled to a grateful recognition for ready and frequent access to the files of their journals.

Lastly, I congratulate myself on the termination of my arduous and protracted labors. Of the difficulties and per- plexities which have attended them, no one else can form even an approximate estimate. More "midnight oil" was probably never consumed on any publication within a

INTRODUCTION. IX

similar period. If those for whom the labor has been per- formed shall be satisfied, my highest object shall have been attained.

A. W. Y. Richmond, January, 1872.

NOTE.

A few errors, not discovered in season to admit of correc- tion where they occur, are duly corrected on page 454.

CONTENTS.

Preliminary History. Discovery and settlement of America, 17. Indian border warfare, 18. "Western lands ceded to the general government; North-western Territory formed, 19. Gen. St. Clair appointed governor; his acts, 20. Treaties of peace with the Indians.; acquisition of territory; Wayne appointed governor, 21, 22. Division of the North-western Tei'ritory ; Gen. Harrison appointed governor, and negotiates treaties; slavery in the territory, 23, 24. Division of Louisiana; first genei*al assembly, 24, 25. Division of Indiana; its government, admission as a state, and its boundaries, 25, 26.

Settlement of Wayne County.

Territory of the county, 26. Rue and Holman settlement; the Hoover and Richmond settlements, 28, .29. Increase of immigration, 29-32. Log cabins, description of, and their furniture, 35, 36.

Early Labors, Condition, and Customs of the Settlers.

Manner of clearing land, 37-9. Fare of the early settlers ; difficulty of getting bread; corn graters, 39-42. Various kinds of bread, and other food, 42, 43. Injury to corn fields, 44. Native pastures; wood ranges; hog and deer hunting, 44-6. Wild animals; wolf trapping and wolf bounties; sheep-killing dogs; porcupines, 46-9. Early cooking, 49, 50. Early tillage ; the pioneer plow and harrow ; seed- ing, harvesting, threshing, and cleaning wheat, 51-3. Corn harvests ing and corn huskings, 54, 55. Household manufactures; flax culture; manufacture of linen cloth, 55, 56. Manufactures of wool ; itinerant spinsters, 56, 57. Family dyeing and tailoring, 58. Early tanning and shoe making; anecdotes of ministers wearing boots, 59, 60. Sugar, its manufacture and price, 61, 62. Early stores, and prices of goods and produce, 62-4. Reflections on pioneer life ; Mrs. Julian's letter, 66, 67. Education: early school-houses and schools, 68-70. Religious societies and early meeting-houses, 71. Indian troubles; supposed causes of Indian hostility; cases of savage atroc- ity ; battle of Tippecanoe, 72-74. Forts and block-houses ; flight of settlers, 75, 76. Treaty of Greenville ; imprisonment of Quakers, 76. Condition of settlers after the war, 77. Prices of goods, pro- duce, and labor; old coins, and manner of reckoning, 78. Difficul- ties in paying for lands, 79.

xii CONTENTS.

CIYIL HISTOEY.

Formation and organization of Wayne county; county and township officers; first courts and jurors, 80. County seat; public buildings; removal of the county seat, and early taxation, 81-3. Acts of county commissioners : organization of townships ; regulating innkeepers' charges, 83, 84. Removal of county business to Centerville, 85.

"Wayne County Official Eegister.

Names and classification of county commissioners; board of justices, 86, 87. List of judges, clerks, sheriflfe, auditors, recorders, treasurers, and justices, 87-9.

Newspapers.

Newspapers at Richmond, 90-2; at Centerville, 92-4; at Cambridge City,

257-9.

Antislavery History.

Log convention, and its results, 94-6. Abolition movement : Lundy and Gari'ison; views of abolitionists; antislavery parties, 96-8. Rich- mond antislavery society, 98-100. Rescue of fugitives, 100-2.

Temperance History.

Drinking customs, 103. Temperance associations ; attempts at prohibi- tion, 104-6.,

Internal Improvements.

Roads: National road; turnpikes, 107, 108. Canals, 108-10. Railroads,

110, 111.

Agricultural Societies.

First society; state board of agriculture, 111, 112. Cambridge City dis- trict agricultural society, 112, 113. Wayne county joint stock agricultural association; Richmond horticultural society, 112-14. Richmond industrial association, 410.

Old Settlers' Meetings.

Meeting at Centerville in 1869: Speeches of 0. P. Morton, Joseph Hol- man. Col. James Blake, John S. Newman, John Peelle, B. C. Hobbs, Col. Enoch Railsback, Jacob B. .Julian, Noah W. Miner, 115-122. Exhibition of curiosities, 122, 123.

Criminal Trials.

Trial and execution of Henry Crist and Hampshire Pitt for murder, 123-5. Whipping a legal penalty, 126.

War History.

War begun in South Carolina; public meetings and enlistments, 126-8. Relief of soldiers' families, 128-130. Calls for more troops; extra-

CONTENTS. XIU

ordinary contributions, 130-3. Morgan invasion, 134. Large money contributions, and raising of more troops, 134-6. Last contribution; end of the war; assassination of President Lincoln, 136, 137.

Population and Taxes.

Population of the several townships and towns; property and taxes, 138, 139.

Post-offices and Postmasters.

Lists of all post-offices and postmasters in the county, 140-3.

TOWNSHIP HISTOEIES.

Abington.

Formation and early settlement of the township, 144-6; mills, ma- chinery, and merchants, 147; mechanics, 148, 450; physicians, 450. Eeligious societies ; laying out of the town, 148. Biographical and genealogical sketches, 148-150.

Boston.

Formation of the township, and early settlement, 151-5. Physicians, merchants, justices, 155. Mills and machinery, 155, 156. Religiou-s societies; laying out of the town; F. and A. M., and I. 0. O. F. lodges, 156-8. Biographical and genealogical sketches, 158-160.

Center.

Formation and area of the township, and its early settlers, 161-5. Mills and machinery, blacksmiths, and tannery, 165, 166. Town of Cen- terville laid out, 166. Innkeepers, mechanics, merchants, physicians, and lawyers, 167-9. First national bank; machine shop and saw- mill; engine house and town hall, 169. Newspapers, 169, 170. Pub- lic school-house, 170. Religious societies, 170-3. Lodges, 173, Biographical and genealogical sketches, 173-194.

Clay.

Formation of the township, and early settlement, 195-9. Mills and ma- chinery, blacksmiths, merchants, physicians, justices, 199, 200. Religious societies, 200, 201. Town of Washington laid out; block- houses, 201. Lodges, 201, 202. Biographical and genealogical sketches, 202-4.

Dalton.

Township formed, and its settlement, 204-7. Tannery, mills, 207. Mer- chants and physicians, 207, 208. Woolen mills; school-house; re- ligious societies, 208, 209. Towns of Dalton and Franklin; justices, 209. Biographical and genealogical sketches, 210-12.

XIV CONTENTS.

Franklin.

Township formed; its settlement, 211-14. Mills, merchants, physicians, 215, 216. Religious societies, academy, 216, 217. Towns of Hills- borough and Bethel, 217. Biographical and genealogical sketches, 217-221.

Green.

Formation and settlement of the township, 221-4. Mechanics, mills, merchants, physicians, justices, members of legislature, 224, 225. Religious societies, 225-7; lodges, 226-7. Town of Williamsburg, 227. Biographical and genealogical sketches, 227-231.

Harrison.

Township formed, and its settlement, 231-5. Early schools, mechanics, mills, 234, 235. Town of Jacksonburg; its mechanics, physicians, merchants, tanners, 235, 236. Religious societies, 236, 237. Bio- graphical and genealogical sketches, 237-242.

Jackson. Formation and description of the township ; settlement of the east part, 243, 244. Town of East Germantown; its physicians, inns, mer- chants, blacksmiths, plow manufactory, 244-6. Religious societies, 246, 247. Settlement about Cambridge; mills and machinery, 247, 248. Vandalia and East Cambridge, 248. Cambridge City ; its set- tlement and growth, 248, 249 ; its merchants, mechanics, physicians, lawyers, bank, public hall, 249-251. Manufactures: car manufac- turing company, Cambridge City manufacturing company, flax-mill, marble works, 251, 252. Flower and plant nursery, 253. Schools and religious societies, 253-5. Lodges, 255-7. Newspapers, 257-9, Settlement of the west and north parts of the township; school, and religious societies, 261, 262. Town of Dublin; its merchants, physicians, tavern, schools, mechanics, 262, 263. Mills and ma- chinery; Wayne Agricultural Works, 264. Justices; temperance; religious societies, 265, 266. Biographical and genealogical sketches, 266-272.

Jefferson.

Formation and settlement, 273-8. Mills, mechanics, physicians, mer- chants, lawyers, justices, representatives, 278-280. Hagerstown laid' out, 280. Religious societies, academy, first temperance society and Sabbath school, 280-4. Biographical and genealogical sketches, fi84-9.

New Garden.

Township formed, and its settlement, 289-293. Mills and machinery ; mechanics, merchants, physicians, 293-5. Schools; religious socie- ties, temperance and abolition, 295-7. Shooting of an Indian ; Shu- gart and Harris, and the Indian alarms, 298. Town of Newport laid out ; lodges, 298. Biographical and genealogical sketches, 299-304.

CONTENTS. XV

Perry.

Formation and settlement of township, 304-8. Mills and machinery, 308. Merchants, tanners, physicians, blacksmiths, 309. Religious societies, schools, 309-12. Economy laid out; justices, 312. Bio- graphical and genealogical sketches, 312, 313.

Washington. Formation and settlement, 314-320. Grist-mills, saw-mills, 320, 321. Carding and fulling mills, Milton Woolen Mills, Hoosier Drill Man- ufactory, merchants, physicians, mechanics, 322, 323. Religious societies, 323, 324. Town of Milton, 325. Biographical and genealog- ical sketches, 325-331.

Wayne.

Formation of the township, 321. Names and residences of settlers, 332-6. Biographical and genealogical sketches, 337-358.

Eichmond. Early history of the town; borough and city governments, 359, 360. Charles W. Starr's purchase ; naming of the town, 361. Early mer- chants, innkeepers, 362-8-. Mechanics: blacksmiths, carpenters, cabinet-makers, 368-370; tailors, silversmiths, chair-makers, 370-2; hatters, saddlers and harness-makers, tanners, shoemakers, 372-4; wagon-makers, potters, 374, 375. Miscellaneous, 375, 376. Phy- sicians, lawyers, 377, 378. Manufactures and trade of Richmond : Gaar machine works ; Robinson machine works, 379, 380. Quaker City works. Union machine works, Richmond mill works, 380-2. Stove foundry ; Richmond school furniture works ; sash, door, blind, and school furniture works ; burial case manufactory, 382-4. Em- pire steel plow factory ; Richmond plow works, 384, 385. Carriage and carriage wheel manufactories ,- malleable iron works ; cutlery manufactory, 385, 386. Woolen manufacture : Richmond woolen mills, Mt. Vernon woolen mill. Fleecy Dale woolen factory, 387, 388. Rich- mond knitting factory ; cotton factory ; Richmond loom works and school furniture, 388, 389. Paper mills; linseed oil mill; flouring mills, 389, 390. Wholesale trade : Groceries, dry goods, 390; drugs and medicines, queensware, iron stores, woolen machinery, 391. Banks, 392-7. Schools, 397-9. Religious societies, 399-408. Benev- olent societies, 408. Building associations, 409. Richmond Indus- trial association, 410. Lodges, 441. Odd Fellows' hall, 444. Public halls, 370, 445. Lyceum hall, 445.

SUPPLEMENT.

Retail merchants, 446, 447. Charter Oak pork house, 447. Gas works, 448. Planing mill, steam bakery, 448. Hotels, 449. Cascade garden and nursery ; Sylvan Heights ; Medical and Surgical Sanitarium, 449.

Omissions in Township Histokies supplied, and Corrections, . . . 450-2

EMBELLISHMENTS.

PORTRAITS.

1. John Barnes, .

337

26. Jonathan Hough, .

299

2. Isaac N. Beard,

238

27. Mary Hunt,

. 149

3, John Beard.

232

28. George W. Julian, .

185

4. John Beard, .

325

29. Kebecca Julian,

. 66

5. Mary Beard,

237

30. John Kepler,

241

6. Dorcas Beeson,

327

31. John King,

. 187

7. Othniel Beeson,

328

32. Joseph Lewis,

229

8. Thomas W. Bennett, .

411

33. Jeremy Mansur,

. 188

9. Jesse Bond,

196

34. Benjamin L. Martin,

351

10. William Bulla, .

339

35. John Mason,

. 286

11. Lewis Burk,

413

36. Solomon Meredith,

270

12. Elijah Coffin, .

394

37. HughMoffitt, .

. 31

13. David Commons,

176

38. Robert Morrisson,

32

14. Daniel B. Crawford,

416

39. Oliver P. Morton, .

. 189

15. John Finley,

417

40. John S. Newman, .

190

16. Valentine Foland,

203

41. William Parry, .

. 353

17. Abraham Gaar, .

160

42. Oran Perry, .

427

18. Jonas Gaar, .

418

43. James M. Poe, .

. 430

19. John Green,

228

44. Enoch Railsback, .

120

20. Samuel Hannah, .

178

45. Cornelius Ratliff,

. 355

21. Nathan Hawkins,

342

46. Daniel Reid, .

433

22. David P. Holloway,

421

47. John Sailor,

. 360

23. Joseph Holman,

95

48. John Stigleman, .

193

24. David Hoover, frontispiece

49. Henry Study, .

. 231

25. Henry Hoover,

348

50. Francis Thomas, .

303

51. Daniel P. Wiggins, . . . 438

VIEWS

OF

BUILDINGS.

Milton Public School-house, . 324 | Morrisson Library, Odd Fellows' Hall 444

424

HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

PRELIMINAKY HISTORY.

America was discovered by Columbus in 1492. Eiforts were early made by Spain, France, and England to establisli colonies in iSforth America. More, however, than a century elapsed before many permanent settlements were made. In 1568, the Spaniards established a small colony in Florida. The French, in 1605, planted a small colony in Kova Scotia, and in 1608 founded the city of Quebec. In 1607, the English made a settlement at Jamestown in Virginia, i^ew York was settled by the Dutch in 1614. In 1620, the " Pil- grim Fathers " landed on Plymouth Pock, and commenced the settlement of 'New England.

The tract of country called JSTew England, granted in 1620 by James I., king of England, to the Plymouth Company, extended from the Atlantic to the Pacific ocean. This grant was substantially confirmed by William and Mary, in 1691, by a second charter specifying the territory granted as lying between 42 deg. 5 min. and 44 deg. 15 min. north latitude. Previously, however, to the latter grant, Charles I. [1663] granted to the duke of Y'ork and Albany the province of New Y^ork extending to tlie Canada line ; its extent west- ward was not definitely stated. Under these conflicting grants, disputes arose between some of the states as to the extent of their respective territorial rights and jurisdiction. This controversy was not settled until several years after the Pe^t)lution.

The French colonists extended their settlements along the shores of the St. Lawrence and the great lakes westward as far as to Lake Superior, and established trading posts at

18 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

various places, and missionary stations among several tribes of Indians. And for the protection of the fur trade, small stockade forts were erected. France also, on discoveries by exploring parties of her subjects, based a claim to all the country lying between Kew Mexico and Canada in the valleys of the Mississippi and its tributaries, on both sides of that river.

Protestant England and Catholic France were rivals in acquiring and colonizing territory, establishing trade with the Indians, and propagating among them their respective systems of religion. One of the reasons assigned by Cotton Mather in his Ecclesiastical History of 'Sew England, for planting British colonies in this country was, that it would " be a service unto the church of great consequence to carry the gospel into those parts of the world, and raise a bulwark against the kingdom of Anti-Christ which the Jesuits labor to rear up in all parts of the world."

France, in the prosecution of her designs, earW made set- tlements and established trading posts, between the Lakes and the Gulf of Mexico ; one of which was Post Vincennes, in the western border of the present state of Indiana.

At an early period of the Revolutionary war, efibrts were made by the British to incite the Indians to carry on a border warfare against the settlers on the frontiers of the United States. For the defense of the frontiers, Congress, in 1777, ordered a military force to be raised, to the command of which Colonel [afterward General] George P. Clark was ap- pointed. He led an expedition against the ancient French settlements about Kaskaskia and Post Vincennes. The French inhabitants at Kaskaskia were terror-stricken ; and being treated by Col. Clark with great generosity and kind- ness, and being informed that an alliance had been formed between France and the United States, they took the oath of allegiance to the State of Virginia, and a company of French militia joined onr forces. Through much difficulty the United States army reached Post Vincennes, where the British com- mandant, Lieutenant-Governor Hamilton, was brought to terms of capitulation prescribed by Col. Clark, who took the British garrison as prisoners of war. After several successes

PRELIMINARY HISTORY. 19

of Gen. Clark, wliicli had in a measure allayed the fears of the whites, emigration from Virginia to Kentucky increased. This warfare between some of the Indian tribes and tlie white settlers on the borders of the Ohio river, continued during the war. 'Nov did it entirely cease until the forces of those tribes were defeated by Wayne's army in 1794.

The conflictinii claims of states under the grants of the crown of Grreat Britain to lands in the iSTorth-west, east of the Mississippi, has been alluded to. These states were Kew York, Virginia, Connecticut, and Massachusetts. In com- pliance with a suggestion to that effect, and a request of Cono-ress, these states successively passed acts to cede to the General Government their western lands as a fund to aid in paying the debt incurred during the Revolutionary war. The dates of these several acts the writer has not at hand. Their dei'ds of cession were respectively dated as follows : That of Kew York, March 1, 1781 ; that of Virginia, March 1, 1784 ; that of Massachusetts, April 19, 1785 ; and Connecticut, September 13, 1786, transferred her claim, reserving about 3,000,000 acres in the north-east part of the state. This tract was called the " Western Reserve of Connecticut." On the 30th of May, 1800, the jurisdictional claims of that state to this Reserve were surrendered to the United States.

In 1787, by an ordinance of the Old Congress, was formed the Xorth-western Territory, embracing the territory north- west of the Ohio and east of the Mississippi, from which have since been formed the states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michi- gan, and Wisconsin. This ordinance was reported by Kathan Dane, of Massachusetts, and contained that celebrated pro- viso, forever prohibiting slavery in the territory or in the states which should be formed from it. The powers of government, legislative, executive, and judicial, were, by this ordinance, vested in a governor and three judges, who, with a secretary, were to be appointed by Congress ; the governor for three years, the judges during good behavior. The laws of the territory were to be such laws of the original states as the governor and judges should think proper to adopt, and were to be in force until disapproved by Congress. When the territory should contain live thousand free male

20 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

inhabitants of full age, there was to be a legislature to con- sist of two branches ; a house of representatives, the members to be chosen from the several counties or townships for two years, and a legislative council of five persons who were to hold their offices for five years, and to be appointed by Con- gress out of ten persons previously nominated by the house of representatives of the territory. All laws were required to be consistent with, the ordinance, and to have the assent of the governor.

In October, 1787, Gen. Arthur St. Clair was chosen by Congress governor of the territory, though he does not appear to have entered on the duties of his office until the next year. He arrived at Marietta, Ohio, in July, 1788, and began to organize the government according to the provisions of the ordinance of 1787 ; and, with the judges of the general court, adopted sundry laws.

The most unpleasant duties of Governor St. Clair were imposed upon him by the hostilities of the Indians, especially the hostilities between the Indians on the Wabash and the people of Kentucky. Which was the aggressive party, it was not easy to determine. Gen. Knox, Secretary of War, in a report to the President of the United States, says: " The injuries and murders have been so recip- rocal, that it would be a point of critical investigation to know on which side they have been the greatest." Gen. St. Clair was requested by President Washington to ascertain whether peace on reasonable terms could be established with the Wabash and Illinois Indians ; and he was authorized, if necessary for the protection of the people on the frontiers of Pennsylvania and Virginia, to raise a militia force in the nearest counties in those states, to act with the United States troops for that purpose. Gov. St. Clair was also instructed " to execute the orders of the late Congress respecting the inhabitants at Post Vincennes, and at the Kaskaskias, and the other villages on the Mississippi, as it was important that the said inhabitants should, as soon as possible, possess the lands to which they were entitled, by some known and fixed principles."

Pursuant to these instructions, about the first of January,

PRELIMINARY HISTORY. 21

1790, the Governor, with the Judsres of the Supreme Court of the territory, descended the Ohio from Marietta to Fort Wash- ington, at Losantiville, where the Governor hiid out the county of Hamilton, and appointed officers for the administration of justice therein. He also induced the proprietors of the little village to change its name to Cincinnati. \_DiIlo)i.'] The Gov- ernor, with "Winthrop Sargent, Secretary of the Territory, proceeded to the place of his destination. On his arrival at Kaskaskia, he laid out the county of St. Clair, and appointed officers for the same. He also examined many claims and title deeds to lands, and confirmed those which were found authentic.

The people of the Wabash and Illinois countries had, from various causes, among whicli was the destruction of crops by floods, been reduced to a state of suffering, almost of starva- tion. By an act of the Old Congress, lands previously in their possession were to be surveyed at their own expense. Many, unable to pay for the surveys, memoriahzed the Governor, asking his protection, soliciting him "to laj^ their deplorable situation before Congress ; " urging that, " in their humble opinion, the expense of the survey ought to be borne by Con- gress, for whom alone it is useful."

The Indians having manifested no disposition to make a treaty of peace with the United States, or cease hostilities, the Governor returned with a view to fitting out an expedition against the hostile Indians. Secretary Sargent, now acting as governor, went from Kaskaskia to Post Vincennes, and laid out the county of Knox, then and for several years the only county within the present bounds of this state, and settled the claims of the inhabitants to their lands.

Depredations and murders having been committed along the Ohio, from, its mouth to the neighborhood of Pittsburg, the government found it necessary to raise forces to protect the navigation of that river, and the inhabitants along its borders, as well as those in the Wabash country. The particulars of the wars which ensued, can not be given in this work. Suffice it to say, that, in September, 1792, a treaty of peace was made at Vinceunes with the Illinois and Wabash tribes, by which the United States guarantied to them all the lands to which

22 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

they had a just claim, and protection in the enjoyment of their just rights.

In the summer of 1793, a long council was held on Detroit river to negotiate peace with the north-western Indians, but without success. They claimed the right to all the lands lying north-west of the Ohio river, denying the validity of the treaty by virtue of which the lands were claimed by the United States. They said the commissioners of the United States negotiating the treaty had been informed that, to be binding, it must be signed by a general council ; yet they persisted in collecting a few chiefs of two or three nations only out of some fifteen, and held a treaty for the cession of an immense country.

Overtures of peace having been rejected by the north-western Indians, preparations were made for an expedition against the Indians. Gen. St. Clair having resigned the office of Major- General in 1791, he was succeeded by General Anthony Wayne, who now had command of the forces. The campaign was successful. The decisive battle was fought on the banks of the Maumee, on the 20th of August, 1794. During the fol- lowing winter, the Indians agreed to meet Gen. Wayne at Greenville in June, 1795, to negotiate a peace. JSTegotiations commenced the 16th of June; and articles of peace were duly signed by Gen. Wayne and the representatives of the several Indian tribes, on the 3d day of August, 1795.

Amongst the lands ceded by this treaty, are the following, which are stated in Chamberlain's Indiana Gazetteer, pub- lished in 1850, to be at present a part of this state : " First, a tract lying south-east of a line from the mouth of Kentucky river, running north-east to Fort Recovery, near the head of the Wabash, and embracing the present counties of Dearborn, Ohio, and parts of Switzerland, Franklin, Union-, and Wayne; and then various tracts at the head of the Maumee, the portage of the Wabash, and Oaiatenon. All claims to other lands within this state were, at that time, relinquished to the Indians, except the 150,000 acres granted to Clark's regiment, the French grants near Yincennes, and other lands occupied by the French, or other whites, to which the Indian title had been extinguished."

The tract first above mentioned as " embracing the present

PRELIMINARY HISTORY. 23

counties of Dearborn and Ohio, and parts of Switzerland, Franklin, Union, and Wayne," is the gore which constituted Dearborn prior to the formation of Wayne in 1810, and laid between the present west line of Ohio, and the west line of the tract ceded to the United States by the treaty of Greenville in 1795 ; which latter line was also the eastern boundary of the Tv/elve Mile Purchase. It was provided, however, in the act of May, 1800, dividing the ISTorth-western Territory, that when the eastern division should be admitted into the Union as a state, its western boundary should be altered, probably with the view of establishing a boundary line running due north and south. Instead of beginning on the Ohio opposite the mouth of the Kentucky river, it was to begin at the mouth of the Great Miami, and run due north to Fort Recovery. When, in 1802, Ohio was admitted as a state into the Union, its west- ern boundary was made to conform to this provision.

Pursuant to the act of Congress of May 7, 1800, '• to divide the territory of the United States north-west of the Ohio into two separate governments," the eastern part retained its former name, and was composed of the present state of Ohio, a small part of Michigan, and a small part of Indiana ; [the " gore " de- scribed in the preceding paragraph.] The other district, called Indiana Territory, embraced all the region west of the former, east of the Mississippi, and between the Lakes and the Ohio river.

The seat of government of Indiana Territory was fixed at Yincennes; and Gen. Wm. Henry Harrison was appointed governor. In January, 1801, he convened the judges of the territory at Vincennes for making and publishing laws and performing other acts for the government of the territory. The territorial judges held their lirst general court at Vincennes in March, 1801.

From the year 1802 to 1805, inclusive. Gov. Harrison nego- tiated seven treaties with ten different tribes of north-western Indians, acquiring from these tribes about fortj-slx thoasniid square miles of territory.

The state of Virginia having originally claimed these west- ern lands, immigrants from that state brought slaves with them, and held them as such. Although slavery was prohibited by

24 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

the ordinance of 1787, it existed to some extent in Indiana territory when it was formed, the law not being strictly en- forced. Its effect was in some instances evaded by holding colored persons in servitude, for a term of years, by indentures and written contracts. Many were removed to slaveholding states, and to the west side of the Mississippi river.

Acceding to the wishes of some of the inhabitants, Gov. Harrison, in 1802, called a convention of delegates from the several counties, the object of which was to take measures to petition Congress to suspend the operation of the prohibitory clause of the ordinance. Congress was petitioned, and reports in favor of such suspension for ten years were made at two or three successive sessions ; but the measure failed. In 1804, Gov. Harrison, having been informed that certain indentured persons of color were about to be removed from the terntory to be sold as slaves, issued a proclamation forbidding their removal, and calling upon the civil authorities to prevent it.

In 1804, the territory of Louisiana purchased of France in 1803, was divided into two territories; the south part 3onsti- tuting the territory of Orleans, and the residue, lying north of the 33d degree of north latitude, the district of Louisiana. There being within this district but few inhabitants, and these chiefly residing along the river, in villages, of which the prin- cipal was St. Louis, the district was, for the purpose of government, placed under the jurisdiction of Indiana, then comprising all the original North-western Territory except the state of Ohio, which had been recently formed, [1802.] In March, 1805, this district was detached from Indiana, and organized as a separate territory.

The first General Assembly, consisting of a House of Repre- sentatives and a Council of five, the latter appointed by the President, met at Yincennes, July 29, 1805. There were at that time five counties, sending, in all, seven representatives, as follows: Jesse B. Thomas, of Dearborn county; Davis Floyd, of Clark; Benjamin Parke and John Johnson, of Knox; Shadrach Bond and "Wm. Biggs, of St. Clair; and George Fisher, of Randolph. There had been six counties. Wayne county, embracing the principal part of Michigan, including Detroit, was, until the formation of the territory of Michigan

PRELIMINARY HISTORY. 25

in June, but one month previous to the meeting of the legis- lature, a part of Indiana ; and, it is presumed, elected mem- bers of this legislature in January preceding, but who were, by the division of the territory, prevented from taking seats.

Among the subjects of legislation recommended by the gov- ernor, was the providing of a remedy for the evils resulting from the " vice of drunkenness among the Indians," which, he said, " spreads misery and desolation through the country, and threatens the annihilation of the whole race." The legis- lature, by joint ballot, elected as delegate to Congress, Benja- min Parke, a native of New Jersey, who had emigrated from that state in 1801.

The criminal code of 1807 contained some unusual provis- ions. Horse-stealing, with treason, murder, and arson, was made punishable by death. Whipping might be inflicted for burglary, robbery, larceny, hog-stealing, and bigamy, Nor did the early law-makers seem to underrate the importance of the observance of the fifth commandment. Children or serv- ants, for resistance or disobedieuce to the lawful commands of tlieir parents or masters, might be sent by a justice of the peace to jail or the house of correction, there to remain until they shouM " humble themselves to the said parents' or masters' satisfaction." And for assaulting or striking a parent or mas- ter, they were liable to be " whipped not exceeding ten stripes."

In 1805, the territory of Indiana, which had until then in- cluded the peninsula of Michigan, was divided by an act of Congress ; the territory of Michigan was formed, and pro- vision made for its government. In 1808, Indiana territory contained about 28,000 white inhabitants, of whom about 11,000 lived westward of the river Wabash. By act of Con- gress, Feb. 3, 1809, Illinois territory was formed, including all the territory north-west of the present line of Indiana, and north to the Canada line.

In 1809, [Feb. 27,] Congress granted to the people of Indi- ana territory the privilege of electing the members of the legislative council, and a territorial delegate to Congress. In 1811, the elective franchise in the election of these officers was extended to all free white males 21 years of age, resident

26 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

one year in the territory, and having paid a tax, county or territorial; and in 1814, to all white male freeholders.

Indiana was admitted as a state into the Union in 1816 ; Illinois in 1818 ; Michigan in 1836 ; and in 1848, Wisconsin, the last of the five states to be formed from the Korth-western Territory.

The state of Indiana is bounded on the east by the state of Ohio ; on the south, by the Ohio river from the mouth of the Great Miami to the mouth of the river Wabash ; on the west, by a line drawn along the middle of the Wabash from its mouth to a point where a due north line from the town of Yincennes would last touch the shore of the Wabash river ; and thence by a due north line until the same shall intersect an east and west line drawn through a point ten miles north of the southern extreme of lake Michigan; and on the north by the said east and west line until the same shall intersect the first meridian line which forms the western boundary of the state of Ohio. These boundaries include an area of 33,890 square miles, lying between 37 deg. 47 min. and 41 deg. 50 min. north latitude, and between 7 deg. 45 min. and 11 deg. longitude west from Washington.

SETTLEMENT OF WAYNE COUNTY.

The first settlements in the valleys of Whitew^ater within the limits of the present county of Wayne, were made in the vicinity of the site of the city of Richmond, then in the county of Dearborn, the county-seat of which was at Lawrencebnrg, on the Ohio river. Of the present territory of Wayne county, only that part which lies east of the Twelve Mile Purchase, was then the property of the General Government, and offered for sale to settlers. This strip of laud was, at the south line of the county, about 85 miles wide; at the north line, about 4:1 miles ; and on the ]^ational Road about 6f miles. The Twelve Mile Purchase was twelve miles wide, and extended from the Ohio river north to the bounds of the state. Its eastern and western lines were parallel, running from the river about 13 degrees east of a due north course; the east line about 2} m. west of Richmond, running near or through the

SETTLEMENT OF AVAYNE COUNTY. 27

old town of Salisbury ; the west line dividing Cambridge City near the west end of .he town. This land was pur- chased of the Indians in the latter part of 1809. It was not surveyed, however, and ready for sale, before 1811 ; though a few persons had previously settled on it.

In the year 1805, the first settlement of white men on the banks of Whitewater was commenced, and the first rude cabin built. In the spring of that year, George Holmau, Eichard Rue, and Thomas McCo}', with their families from Kentucky, settled about two miles south of where Richmond now stands. Rue and Holman had served under Gen. Clark in his Indian campaigns several years before the formation of the J^orth-western Territory under the ordinance of 1787. Both had been captured by the Indians and held as prisoners about three years and a half. [An account of their captivity is elsewhere given.] Both also lived on the lands on which they settled, until their death, far advanced in age. Rue was tlie first justice of the peace in this part of the country.

Ilolman and Rue selected and entered their lands late in 1804, at Cincinnati, on their way home. Early in the winter they returned to build cabins for their families, bringing with them, on their horses, such tools as were necessary in that kind of architecture, and a few cooking utensils. Holman's two eklest sons, Joseph and AVilliam, then about 18 and 16 years of age, accompanied their father to assist in this initi- atory pioneer labor. In a very few days, two cabins were ready for occupancy. Rue and Ilolman, leaving the boys to take care of themselves, started again for Kentucky to bring their families.

On reaching their homes, they found two Pennsylvanians, who were in search of new land, and had brought their fam- ilies with th'em. They soon decided to accompany Rue and Ilolman ; and the four families, with their effects, consisting of clothing, provisions, tools, cooking utensils, &c. — all on pack-horses ; traveling with wagons so great a distance through an unbroken wilderness being impracticable. McCoy and Blunt selected their lands near those of their two friends. Thus Avas commenced the settlement of Wayne county.

A few miles lower down, and near Elkhoru creek, the Ends-

28 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

leys, the Coxes, and perhaps Hugh Cull, settled the same year, [1805,] and were followed in 1806 and 1807 by Lazarus Whitehead, a Baptist minister, Aaron Martin, Charles Hunt, and their families; all of whom are elsewhere noticed. Cull was a Methodist minister, who lived where he first settled, until his death in 1862, at the age of 103 — some say, 105 years. Shadrach Henderson also, in one of these years, set- tled 2 miles below Richmond, on the west side of the White- water, where one of the early saw-mills was built, near where Larsh's fiouring-mill now stands, A family of the name of Lamb also settled a few miles below, near or on the Elkhorn. The next year after Holman and others settled as above stated, lands were taken up where liichmond now stands, and on the west side of Whitewater. About the first of March, 1806, David Hoover, then a young man, residing with his father in the Miami country in Ohio, with four others, in search of a place for making a settlement, took a section line some eight or ten miles north of Dayton, and traced it a dis- tance of more than thirty miles, through an unbroken forest, to the place where he afterward settled. He fancied he had found the Canaan his father had been seeking. His parents were of German descent, and members of the Society of Friends. They had emigrated from Pennsylvania to IS'orth Carolina, and thence to Miami, where they had temporarily located, until a permanent home could be selected. Young Hoover and his companions were supposed to be the first white men who explored the territory north of Richmond. They discovered many natural advantages, among which were the pure spring water issuing from the banks of the stream, with its prospective mill-sites, inexhaustible quarries of lime- stone, and a rich soil. Following the stream south a short distance, they found traps set; and near the west bank of the Whitewater nearly opposite Richmond, they saw some In- dians. From these Indians, who could speak broken English, they learned that white men had settled below on the east side of the stream. They made their way thither, and found the Holman, Rue, and McCoy families. After a brief rest, they started back for the Miami by a difierent route, and reported the finding of the " promised land."

SETTLEMENT OF WAYNE COUNTY. 29

In May or June followins:, the first entries were made. Andrew Hoover, father of David, entered several quarter sec- tions, including that which the latter had selected for himself on his first trip. John Smith entered on tlie sonth side of what is now Main street, cleared a small patch of ground, and built a cabin near the blufiF. Jeremiah Cox purchased his quarter section late in the summer, north of Main street, of Joseph Woodkirk, who had bought it of John Meek. Wood- kirk having made a small clearing and planted it with corn, Cox paid him for his improvement and corn. Andrew Hoover had a number of sons and daughters, who settled around him as they got married. David had taken a wife in Ohio before coming to the territory. But he did not occupy his log cal)in until the last of INIarch the next year, [1807.] Here, on the west bank of Middle Fork, he resided until his death, in 1866.

The land in and about Richmond was settled chiefly by Friends from North Carolina ; some of them from that state direct, others after a brief residence in Ohio. As the Hoover family were the pioneers of these people, but for the discovery made here by young Hoover and his fellow adventurers, the Society of Friends would probably not have had the honor of being the first proprietors of the land on which Richmond stands, and of naming the cit}^ Indeed, the Judge, in his " Me- moir," modestly clnims ''tb'^ credit of havhig been the pioneer of the great bod;. ./:" die Friends now to be found in this re- gion."

Although the Hoovers had entered their lands in May or June, 1806, most of them did not bring their families until the spring of 1807. Jerry Cox says: "We were the first fiimily of the Friends that settled within the limits of Wayne county. But soon after, [the same year, 1806,] came John Smith and family, Elijah Wright, and Frederick Hoover. In tiie follow- ing fall, several of the Hoover family came out to build cab- ins and to sow turnip seed. In the spring after, Andrew Hoover, Son., David Hoover, and Wm. Bulla came. Some later in the spring came John Harvey and others not recollected."

The spirit of emigration prevailed strongly in the Southern States, especially in jS'orth Carolina. The Friends had settled

30 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

in that state before the adoption of the Constitution of the United States, which allowed the enslavement of the African race in this country. They were generally unfriendly to slavery : hence, probably, their desire, in great part, to find homes on better soil and in more congenial society.

Soon after the families above mentioned, others of the Car- olina Friends began to arrive. Among those who settled in the vicinity of Richmond were, Jacob Meek, in 1806; Elijah Wright, in 1806 or 1807; Jesse Bond, 1807, on the farm where Earlham College now is; John Burgess, 1808; Valentine Pegg, 1809, 2 miles westerly from Richmond; John Town- send, (year not ascertained ;) Cornelius Ratliff, 1810 ; John McLane, 183 0; and about the same time came families of the names of Stewart, Evans, Gilbert, Thomas Roberts, and others. On East Fork also a settlement was commenced early. Joseph Wassou, a Revolutionary soldier, settled there in 1806, and Peter Fleming in 1807, both having entered their lands as early as 1805 ; Benjamin and Robert Hill, 1806 ; Ralph Wright and John Hawkins, 1807; John Morrow, 1808; John Charles, 1809 ; James and Peter Ireland, (year not as- certained.) With the exception of the Fleming, Wasson, and Ireland families, who were Presbyterians from Kentucky, the most or all of those named above, were Friends, and came from North Carolina. The names of the places they came from became stereotyped phrases. When asked from what part of, that state they came, the common answer was, " Guil- ford county, near Clemens's Store ;" or " Beard's Hat Shop ;" or " Deep River Settlement of Friends;" or Dobson's Cross Roads."

Besides those above mentioned, many others settled on East Fork, some about the same time, and some several years later; but the dates of their settlement are not ascertained. Among them were David AVasson, a son-in-law of Peter Fleming, afterward known as Judge Fleming, who had entered several hundred acres, on which he settled his children, reserving for himself a homestead, since known as the "Barnes farm," and the "Woods place," and now owned by John Brown adjoin- ing the state line. The farm early owned by his son, Samuel Fleming, and now by James Smelser, was a part of the Judge's

SETTLEMENT OF WAYNE COUNTY. 31

purchase. Charles Moffitt, an early settler, lived on the sonth side of East Fork, near Richmond, where he built a mill. He remained there nntil his decease, man}^ years ago. Hugh Moffitt, a son, still resides near the homestead. A little above, Amos and John Hawkins settled early with their families ; and a little further on, Wm. Ireland, long since deceased. ISText, Benj, Hill, already mentioned, who remained there until his death, about forty years ago. His wife survived him until 18G7. Adjoining on the east was Joseph Wasson, before men- tioned. Nathaniel McCoy Wasson built a cabin, in 1809, on the homestead near the banks of East Fork; married, and lived there until his death, in 1864. ISTear by was John Gay, an early settler, known as Major Gay, who early sold his land to Jacob Crist, still living on the premises. John Drake, with his numerous grown up sons, settled earl}" on their farms ad- joining the Ohio line. The Drakes were of the Baptist denomi- nation. During the prevalence of a malignant fever at an early period of the settlement on East Fork, a number of robust, middle aged men fell victims to it. Of this number were David and John Wasson.

On the Ohio side were John Wasson, David Purviance and his sons, several families of the Irelands, and some others, in the vicinity of where JSTew Paris now is. The Pnrviances, Adamses, and Irelands were from Kentucky, where David Purviance had been a member of the legislature, and made himself conspicuous by his opposition to slaverj'. After com- ing to Whitewater he bec^ame a preacher of a sect, called "New Lights," a body of dissenters from the Presbyterians. In the latter part of his life, he was a pioneer in the Anti- slaver}' movement.

On Middle Fork, near its mouth, was Wm. Bulla, an early settler and son-in-law of Andrew Hoover, Sen. He early built a saw-mill on his farm, near the site of Burson's oil-mill. He lived there until his decease, some years ago, at an advanced age. Near the lands of the Hoover families, Jesse Clark, Ealph Wright, Alexander Moore, and Amos and Abner Claw- son settled. A little further up were the Staifords, Bonds, Bunkers, Swallows, Ashbys, Andrewses, and others; all of whom, we believe, were from North Carolina, and chiefly

32 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

Friends. They had a small log meeting-house in the vicinity, and were subordinate to Whitewater Monthly Meeting.

William Bond had erected a saw-mill, and Joshua Bond a cheap oil-mill. Edward Bond, Sen., died a few years after he came. A little further up, Jeremiah Cox, Jun., settled, and early built a grist-mill, to the great gratification of the settlers. Above Cox's mill were a few inhabitants. Among these were Isaac Commons, Eobert Morrisson, Barnabas Boswell, Isaac, John, and Wm. Hiatt, and John Nicholson, the farms of some of whom are now within the limits of Franklin township. Bladen Ashby settled near Cox's mill, and owned the land from which has long been obtained the lime furnished the builders of Richmond.

Among the early settlers, there was probably none poorer — certainly none whose humble beginning and future condition in life present a wider contrast — than Robert Morrisson. He was a brother-in-law of Jeremiah Cox, Sen., and came in from Carolina in 1810. After lodging a short time in an out-house of Cox used as a sheep pen, he settled on Middle Fork, as above stated. JSTeither in the hut he had just left, nor in his cabin in the northern wilderness, nor when hunting and trap- ping wolves and taking bounties for their scalps, could he have dreamed of the success he achieved. In 1813 or 1814, he sold his new farm, and, as will be hereafter seen, made his second advent, and as a permanent settler, in the embryo town of Richmond.

On West Fork, above the lands of the Ratliff* and Hoover families, already mentioned, was Joshua Picket, an early settler. Next above was the Addingtou settlement, on both sides of the stream. Further up, the first settlers were the Starbucks, Swains, Harrises, Turners, and others, who were useful, enterprising citizens. Paul Swain and Wm. Starbuck wagoned produce of various kinds to Fort Wayne. Edward Starbuck, Sen., was an early justice of the peace. William died in middle life. Hester Starbuck, his widow, died within the last three or four years, having lived to old age.

An early settlement was also made, in 1806, about 4 or 5 miles south-east of Richmond, by Jesse Davenport, Jacob Fonts, and his sons William and Jacob, and his son-in-law,

/ca^ p^/C/Z/'{_j^^yiJ--

LOG CABINS. 33

Thomas Bulla, natives of iTorth Carolina, bnt immerliately from Oliio. By the formation of Boston, the land of Daven- port was taken into that township. Other families came in soon after.

The heads of the pione !■ f miilies were generally of middle age, and robust, as were also their worthy wives, who were well adapted for the hardships and toils of a frontier life. They were on wdiat they considered the extreme border of civiliza- tion; the average breadth of Government lands along the east line of the territory being onlj' about seven miles, until after the "Twelve Mile Purchase" of the Indians was made. Few or no other settlements were known in any parts of the ter- ritory except Vincennes, and on the Ohio river. Some tVimilies settled on this Purchase before It was surveyed; but a large portion of these left their habitations, fr<mi apprehensions of molestation by the Indians during the war of 1812, and did not return until after the war was ended. After the return of peace, the Twelve Mile Purchase was settled rapidly.

Log Cahins.

A description of those early domiciles familiarly called log cabi)is, and the mode of erecting them, may be interesting to the younger readers, and especially to their descendants, who will never see a structure of this kind. The early settlers, after roads had been opened by cutting away the underbi'ush, came in on wagons, some of them drawn by four-horse teams. It is said that a few came with their Carolina carts, the wheels of which were banded with wooden tire and pitched with tar. This, however, needs confirmation. Their horses (probably not in all cases) were harnessed in husk collars and rawhide traces. The}' were wont to stop wdth their Carolina friends, and partake of their hospitality until a cabin was built. In this they were kindly assisted by those already settled here. A patch of ground having been cleared, they would turn out en masse. Trees of uniform size were selected, cut into pieces of the desired length, and carried or hauled to the spot, wliich was generally selected near a spring of water, regardless of other considerations. Hence, many afterward found tliem- selves at an inconvenient distance from roads, and their cabins,

34 HISTORY OP WAYNE COUNTY.

perhaps, hid away in some hollow. While the logs were being brought together, others were selecting a board tree, usually an oak of large size. This was cut into pieces about four feet in length with a cross-cut saw, if any were so fortunate as to have one. These pieces were, with a fro and wooden maul, riven into boards, called clapboards. Others, still, would be riving and slitting out n arrow" pieces for a chimney.

The cabin was in the meantime rapidly going up. At each corner was an expert hand with an ax to saddle and notch down the logs so low as to bring them near together. The usual height w^as one story. The gable was made wath logs gradually shortened up to the top. The roof was made by laying small logs or stout poles reaching from gable to gable, suitable distances apart, on which were laid the split clap- boards after the manner of shingling, showing two feet or more to the weather. These clapboards were fastened by lay- ing across them heavy poles called weight poles, reaching from one gable to the other; being kept apart and in their places by laying between them sticks, or pieces of timber, called knees. A w^ide chimney place was cut out of one end of the building, and split timbers laid up for jambs, flat sides inward, extend- ing out from the building. This little structure supported the chimney which stood entirely outside of the house, and was built of the rived sticks before mentioned, laid up cob-house fashion, gradually narrowed in to the top. The spaces between the sticks were filled with clay of the consistency of common mortar. Hence the name of "stick and clay chimney." The inside of these wooden jambs was covered several feet high with a thick coat of clay or dirt to protect them against fire. The hearth also was dirt. For a window, a piece, two feet long, less or more, was cut out of one of the wall logs, and the hole closed with paper pasted over it. A door-way also was cut through one of the walls, and split pieces called door- cheeks, reaching from the bottom to the top of the opening, were pinned to the ends of the logs with wooden pins. A door was made of split clapboards, battons being nailed on with wrought nails made by a pioneer blacksmith, and was hung with wooden hinges. The interstices or cracks between the logs were closed with mud. The larger cracks or chinks.

1427979

LOG CABINS. 35

were first partially closed with split sticks before the clay or mud was applied. Some had wooden floors, which, before the days of saw-mills, were made of slabs split from straight grained timber, and called puncheons: They were generally hewed on one side, and fastened on log sills with wooden pins. Many a child performed its first locomotion on a puncheon floor, and came in contact, at full length, with the rough surface of those slabs. The cabin was now ready for the family, all the work having in some instances been done in one day.

Some of the Carolinians brought no bedsteads. A substi- tute was made by boring holes in the walls, into which the ends of strong poles were fitted, the cross pieces resting on forked upright pieces fastened to the puncheon floor, or to the ground, if there were no such floor. This rough frame, overlaid with clapboards, was ready for the feather beds the immigrants had brought with them.

The internal arrangements of one of these rude dwellings is thus described : The door is opened by pulling a leather string that lifts a wooden latch on the inside. [The inmates made themselves secure in the night season by pulling the string in.] On entering, (it being meal tiiiie,) we find a por- tion of the family sitting around a large chest in which their valuables had been brought, but which now serves as a table from which they are partaking their plain meal cooked by a log heap fire. In one corner of the room are two or more clap- boards on wooden pins, displaying the table ware, consisting of a few cups and saucers, and a few blue edged plates, with a goodly number of pewter plates, perhaps standing, single, on their edges, leaning against the wall, to render the display of table furniture more conspicuous. Underneath this cup- board are seen a few pots and perhaps a. Dutch oven. ]^ot many chairs having been brought in, the deficiency has been supplied with stools made of puncheon boards with three legs. Over the doorway lies the indispensable rifle on two wooden hooks, probabh' taken from a dog-wood bush, and nailed to a log of the cabin. Upon the inner walls hang divers garments of female attire made of cotton and woolen

36 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

fabrics, and perhaps one or two blue and white calico dresses which had done long service in the Carolinas before their transportation hitlier. .

Among the different ways of lighting log cabins, Rev, Wm. C. Smith, in his "Indiana Miscellanies," gives the f ollowing : " During the day, the door of the cabin was kept open to afford light ; and at night, through the winter season, light was emitted from the fireplace, where huge logs were kept burning. Candles and lamps were out of the question for a few years. When these came into use, they were purely domestic in their manufacture. Candles were prepared by taking a wooden rod some 10 or 12 inches in length, wrap- ping a strip of cotton or linen cloth around it, then covering it with tallow pressed on with the hand. These 'sluts,' as they were sometimes called, answered the purpose of a very large candle, and afforded light for several nights. Lamps w^ere prepared bj^ dividing a large turnip in the middle, scraping out the inside quite down to the rind, then inserting a stick, say three inches in length, in the center, so that it would stand upright. A strip of cotton or linen cloth was then wrapped around it, and melted lard or deer's tallow was poured in till the turnip rind was full, when the lamp was ready for use. By the light of these, daring the long winter evenings, the women spun and sewed, and the men read when books could be obtained. When neither lard nor tallow could be had, the large blazing fire supplied the needed light. By these great fireplaces, many cuts of thread have been spun, many a yard of linsey woven, and many a frock and buckskin pantaloons made."

Living in houses like those here described, must have been attended with serious discomforts. A single room was made to serve the purposes of kitchen, dining-room, sitting-room, bed-room, and parlor. In many families were six, eight, or ten children, who, with their parents, were crowded into one room. In one corner was the father and mother's bed, and under it the trundle-bed for the smaller children. The larger children lodged in the chamber, which they entered by a ladder in another corner; and sometimes made tracks to and from their beds in the snow driven through the crevices by

CLEARING LAND. 37

the wind. Nor did their roofs, made of hark or claphoards, protect them from rains in the sumnier. How visitors who came to spend the niglit were disposed of, the reader m.iy not easily conceive. Some, as their ianiihes increased, added to their honses another room of the same size and manner of constructiou as the former. Snch were the domiciles and the condition of many of the early settlers of Whitewater valley. A few of these men still remain among us, in pos- session of ample fortunes, and in the enjoyment of the con- veniences and improvements of the present age — the reward of their early privations and toils.

Clearing Land.

The land in this region was covered with heavy timber and a profusion of undergrowth of various kinds, some hearing wild fruits, as grapes, plums, gooseberries, [)aw])aws, crab apples, &c. The custom of cutting down all the timber at first, as was done in some states, did not prevail here. The bushes were either cut down or grubbed out ; and the smaller trees, including all under about eighteen inches in diameter, were chopped down, and their bodies cut into lengths of twelve to fifteen feet, and their brush piled in heaps. The large trees were left standing, and "deadened" by girdJing. This was done with an ax, cutting through the bark hito the wood all round the trunk, thus causing the death and decay of the tree. After the brush heaps had become sufficiently dried, they were burned. As a "good burn" was desirable, a dry time was generally chosen when the whole surface of the ground would be burned over by the old dried leaves covering it. Soil thus scorched over, would be sure to yield abundantly. Next followed the process of log-rolling, or, as it was in some places called, " logging." The neighbors, having been previously invited, were present with a full supply of handspikes. These were strong poles, about six feet long, of proper thickness, and flattened or tapered at the larger end, in order to its being more easily put under or between the logs. Logs too large to be taken np by hand and carried to a heap, were put upon a number of hand- spikes, and by one or two men at each end of every hand-

38 HISTORY OP WAYNE COUNTY.

spike, carried to the heap. Logs too heavy to be carried, were hauled to the heap by a team and log chain, and rolled Tip on the pile on skids, handspikes being generally of suffi- cient strength for this purpose. The heaps were then burned, and the ground was ready for tillage.

An old settler briefly describes the manner of clearing land, as follows : ""Where the timber was mostly beech and sugar-tree, the common way was to grub the spice and other bushes, and pile them around the large trees, and cut up the old dead logs. All the trees under 18 or 20 inches in diam- eter were then cut down, and large brush heaps made around all the rest. The brush, when dry, were burned, scorching the trees some 15 or 20 feet high, and killing them sooner than if they had been girdled with an ax. Thus most of the first fields cleared were left with many dead trees. Oak, poplar, and walnut trees would stand many years ; but the beech and sugar maple would begin to fall about the third year; and the field must be cleared a second time by taking otf the dead timber. After a few years, the trees were dead- ened by hacking them round [girdling] before the land was cleared, and all taken off at once. This was the easier way; but the first settlers could not wait for the trees to decay when they cleared their first fields,"

Another mode of clearing, confined chiefly to the removal of the deadened timber, may be mentioned. Trees that did not fall were cut down. Instead of chopping their bodies into pieces, a mode was adopted requiring less strain of muscle. It was called "niggering." The smaller logs or broken limbs and other rubbish, were thrown across the fallen trees; and fire was applied to them. Ouce a day, or oftener, it would be necessary for a man to revisit his field to rebuild or renew his fires; or, to use a common phrase, to " right up my niggers." How this use of that word originated, is mere matter of con- jecture. It has been suggested that, as many of the early settlers came from states where labor was performed for men by the power of muscle other than their own, they naturally associated the agency employed in this process, with the servile labor of the South.

In some of the states, deadening or girdling is not practiced.

FARE OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 39

All the timber is cut down at once, chopped into logs, and the ground cleared and planted or sown the same year, if the crop is so soon desired.

We subjoin the following from a letter received from an old settler past fourscore : "The principal business in those days was the clearing of land, making fences, &c. Those who hired their land cleared, would pay by the acre for cutting the timber, taking all that was 'a foot or under,' or 'eighteen inches or under,' as the contract might be, and get it ready for rolling. He that could clear an acre the quickest, and cut and split the most rails in a day, was accounted the most hon- orable. Another test of a man's standing in the estimation of his fellow-men, was the choice made at log-rollings. It was common to choose two captains, who would divide the ground containing the logs to be rolled, one taking the choice of hands, the other the choice of the ground. The men would then stand in a ring fair to be seen, when the captains would proceed to choose, turn about; the first chosen was the most honorable ; the last chosen, the reverse."

Fare of the Early Settlers; Bread and other Provisions.

Not the least of the hardships of the pioneers was the pro- curing of bread. The first settlers must be su[iplied at least one year, sometimes longer, from other sources than their own lands. Many who settled in the eastern part of this county, were obliged, for several years, to make a two or three days' journey to Ohio, going and returning, for their grain and meal. And after they had raised grain for themseleves, they had to get grinding done there, until mills were built here. Thomas Bulla, already mentioned as a settler four miles south-east of Richmond, in a "Pioneer Sketch," in the Richmond Palladium of March 13, 1856, says he took a grist of his first crop of corn to Bruce's mill near Eaton, O., 12 miles. Having hi'en badly frost-bitten, it was found unfit for bread, and was fed to his cow. Having no money to buy witli, he went to his fiither- in-law in Ohio, and got nine bushels of corn, for which he was to pay when able. He bought of his brother William 2J bushels of wheat which was all he had the first year.

40 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

Settlers had to pack all their grain from the settlements in Ohio on horseback, until the}^ raised a supply at home.

Jeremiah Cox, son of the elder Jeremiah, gives an account of packing grain from Ohio, in substance as follows: His father brought some breadstuff with him from the Miami country. This, wdth the corn he bought with his land from Woodkirk, carried him through the first winter. The corn was ground with an iron hand-mill they had brought with them. It was constructed on the principle of a coffee-mill, but was much larger, and was propelled by two cranks; and he says : " It was believed that it never ground the meal too fine."

The neighbors joined the next season in blazing out a bridle way to Stillwater, O., for the purpose of packing breadstuff from there on horseback, and Jerry, the son, and one or two others, made one or two trips in that way. But his father thought this too slow a way to supply his large family with bread, and conceived the idea of sending wagons through on the " Quaker trace," as it was called. Jerry took his father's small four-w^heeled wagon ; and the two fore wheels of their large wagon were " rigged up " for his uncle James Morrisson. Thus equipped, with an ax and three or four days' provisions, they set out on their journey. After a tedious drive over weeds, chunks, logs, and saplings, they reached ^their place of destination. They procured their lading of good, sound corn ; but, to their great disappointment, they were unable to get it ground without staying longer than was deemed expedient ; and they accordingly started homeward.

Having heard that there aws a water mill at ]^ew Lexington, and that there was a road cut out from Dayton to Eaton by way of l!few Lexington ; and Cox dreading the grinding of so much hard corn by hand, he insisted on getting it ground before they returned; to which his uncle Morrisson very reluctantly assented. They traveled from place to place, winding, back- ing, and turning, to almost every point of the compass, until they found the looked-for Dayton road. Traveling along iu cheerful mood, they met a man who told them they presently would come to an old " hurricane," through which there was only a bridle way, and there was no possible way round. [The reader perhaps understands, that the word hurricane is

FARE OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. . 41

here used to signify a thick second growth of small timber, and not the storm itself, by which the earlier growth had been pros- trated.] The hurricane was soon reached, the saplings stand- ing thick on the ground. They went vigorously to work, and cut their way through, a half mile or more. It was near sunset; and soon coming to a house, they put up for the night.

Early the next morning they were on their way — reached Nesbit's mill at Lexington — got their corn ground, and started for home. But before they had got to Eaton, they sunk into a slough, which. Cox says, answered the descrip- tion Bunyan gives of the "slough of despond." They could extricate themselves only by unloading their w^agons, and carrying their sacks of meal on their backs through the swamp to firm ground. To do so. Cox took off his shoes and laid them on a log. After a good deal of splashing in the mud, they got their wagons out ; but, like the poor " pilgrim," they were much " bedaubed wdth the filth of the slough." They reloaded their wagons and started on their way. But in the hurry and confusion of the moment, Cox forgot his shoes, and never heard from them afterward. Without any further difficulty, they safely reached home with a good supply of w^ell-ground meal, w^hich was a luxury indeed to the family, after having been fed for some time on meal none too fine, and from corn not sound. They had overstaid their time about tAvo days. Many other cases might be given, showing the difficulty in obtaining this indispensable article of food.

But the first crops of the earliest settlers, however abun- dant, gave only partial relief. There were no mills to grind the grain. Hence the necessity of grinding by hand power, as in the case mentioned by Cox. Few families, however, it is presumed, were even thus poorly provided with the means of cracking their bread corn.

Ano her way was to (jrate the corn. A grater was made of a piece of tin, sometimes taken from an old worn out tin bucket or other vessel. It was thickly perforated, bent into a semi- circular form, and nailed, rough ^ide upward, on a board. The corn was taken in the ear, and grated before it had become quite dry and hard.

42 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

As early, however, as the fall of 1807, Charles Hunt started a mill on the Elkhorn, a mile above its mouth, which did grinding for the people in the vicinity of Richmond, until Jeremiah Cox built his mill near the present site of Jackson, Swaine and Dunn's Woolen Mills, below the JSTatioual Bridge. This, like Hunt's, was a tub-mill. The stones w^ere 2| feet in diameter, and ground 2 bushels in an hour. Wm. Bulla built the next mill a short distance north of Richmond. These mills were covered by planting in the ground stout poles with forks at the upper ends, in which were laid poles to support the roof, which was made of split clapboards, after the manner of covering log cabins. " This," says Jerry Cox, " sheltered the hopper and the meal trough pretty well, lohen the wind did n't blow" A few months after Bulla's mill was built. Cox built one himself where he now lives, six miles north of Richmond. This he sheltered with a log house similar to a log cabin, 20 feet square, covered with a cabin roof in the usual style. In a favorable stage of water, this mill would grind two bushels of frost-bitten corn in an hour. He judges the three last mentioned mills to have cost, in the aggregate, about $500.

Corn was eaten in various ways. The earliest mode of baking, (cast iron ware being scarce,) was to put the dough on a smooth board, two feet long and six or eight inches wide, placed on the hearth slanting toward the fire. When the upper side was baked, the bread was turned over for baking the other side. When lard was plenty, the bread was well shortened, and called johnny-cake. Some baked in a Dutch oven, when that article could be obtained. Some- times the dough was made into lumps, which, when baked, were called corn-dodgers. Others raised the dough with yeast, and baked it in a Dutch oven. This was called pone, and was a decided improvement. Mush, or hasty-pudding, eaten in milk, was then a common article of diet, especially for supper. In its green state, corn was boiled in the ear, and sometimes roasted before the fire. Before there were mills near to grind the corn, hominy was much used as a substitute for bread. The corn was soaked in lye made from ashes to loosen the skin, and then pounded in a wooden mortar with

FARE OF THE EARLY SETTLERS. 43

a wooden pestle till the skin was peeled off. This was called lye hominy. This mortar is said to have heen a piece of a solid, dry log, in one end of which was burned a cavity or hollow of sufficient depth to hold the corn,

A story is told of an old settler who had on his farm a small stream with a considerable fall, on which he placed a water-wheel, to which he attached a contrivance for raising a heavy piece of timber and dropping it into the mortar holding the corn. Tradition (not always reliable authority) says this mill one day played havoc with its owner's sheep. Leaving the mill at work during a short absence, his sheep, putting their heads into the mortar to eat corn, were struck on their heads by the pestle, and several of them killed.

Oar aged friend Cox, among the numerous incidents he has furnislied us of "life in the woods," gives the following "bill of fare" of the settlers. It differs less in the number than in the kinds and quality of the articles in the lists on the tables of our best modern hotels:

" AYe had our large hominy and small hominy, large pone, johnny-cake, hoe-cake, and dodgers, boiled dumplings, and fried cakes, all made of corn meal. Of meats we had hog's meat, venison, opossums, raccoons, and squirrels. Of fowls we had wild turkeys, pheasants, wild pigeons and ducks, all of which were cooked in divers ways to suit the taste, or in ac- cordance with the customs of the times. There were in use several kinds of coffee ; as, bread coffee, crust coffee, meal cof- fee, potato coffee, and, after wheat was raised, wheat and flour coffee. Those who used the imported had to paj^ 33 to 50 cents a pound. In the spring we had many kinds of wild weeds boiled for greens to eat with our meat. And for dain- ties on particular occasions, as weddings, quiltings, house rais- ings, and log rollings, we had custards and firmities [boiled wheat], with milk stirred in and sweetened to taste. "With maple sugar, this was deemed quite u dainty. For tea, we had sassafras, spicewood, beech leaf, sycamore chips, etc. In the summer and fall we had Irish potatoes; for fall and winter use, pum})kiiis and turnips in abundance. The pumpkins were dried for winter use, by cutting them in rings and placing

44 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

them on poles, and hanging them on the joist in front of the fireplace.

"My father contracted with Ewell Kendall for several bushels of wheat, the first I knew of being raised on White- water. I do not remember the price paid for it. I was sent for it, and recollect George Holman's being present and remarking to Kendall, that he was " a money-making man." This wheat we ground in our hand-mill, and sifted the flour through a meal sieve of horse hair. Out of this flour we had many excellent breakfasts."

Corn was the principal grain crop of the settlers. The soil was adapted to its production, and the yield was abundant. Yet the farmers found one serious difiiculty in its cultivation. Vast injury was done to cornfields by birds and quadrupeds, both by picking up the seed and taking the grain from the ear. Farmers, sometimes, unaware of the secret working of these little depredators, found their planted seed corn nearly all picked up by crows and squirrels. Blackbirds, in large flocks, would light upon the ears before the grain was hard, and in- jure it badly. And in the fall the squirrels and raccoons would diligently carry on the work of devastation. Squirrel hunts were frequent, and prizes awarded to those who killed the greatest number. These hunts were often got up in the spring to protect the planted cornfields. A subscription paper was circulated, and subscriptions were taken payable in corn to be distributed as prizes among the hunters. On the day set for counting the scalps, the men and boys of the neighborhood would attend, eager to learn the result. Some of these hunt- ers, it is presumed, were stimulated no less by the expectation of a "good time" and the honor of being the best hunter, than by the prizes ofiered.

Native Pastures ; Wood Ranges ; Hog Hunts.

The wild grass and other herbage with which the woods abounded, made them for several years good pasture grounds. Horses and cattle were "belled" early in the spring and turned into the woods. Horses were hunted when wanted to work, and cows at milking time. The concert of half a score of bells and the songs of an equal number of the various

NATIVE PASTURES, ETC. 45

feathered tribes, furnished no mean entertainment to those whose musical tastes had not been formed by the artistic per- formances of modern trained melodists. Hunting the cows was a part of the daily labor of every family ; and it was done by boys if there were in the family any old enough to go without getting lost, or were able to carry the rifle; for it was not safe to go far without this weapon of defense. A boy by the name of Wm. Kaines, whose father had settled a few miles from where Cambridge City now" is, was one of these cow- hunters for the family. Starting as usual, just before night, and havine: gone about half a mile, he heard a noise behind him, and, looking back, saw tw^o wolves on his track. He drew up his rifle and tired, wheeled, and ran home for help. On returning to the place, one of the w^olves was found dead with a bullet hole in his head.

The woods were valuable also for the meat they furnished. While the clearings were yet small and corn was scarce, the tbrest furnished subsistence for hogs, which would often fatten on beech nuts, hickory nuts, and acorns. But running in the woods, they soon became wild, and when wanted for meat, were not easily taken. Some would escape for years, until tlieir tusks had grown to nearly the length of a man's finger. These old hogs w^ere formidable resistauts to their pursuers. In defending the younger ones of the gang when seized by a dog, they have been known to spring at the dog, and rip out his entrails with one flirt of the snout. Men without guns to defend themselves, have been compelled to climb trees to avoid their attacks. I^eighbors joined at killing time to hunt their hogs with dogs and guns. Their hope of success depended chiefly upon first shooting the old ones.

An old settler, [H. C. T.,] says he was one of about a dozen who went on one of these hog-hunting expeditions. Being told that the hogs were young, and that only dogs and knives were needed, all went without guns, except one, a weakly man, who, being unable to run, fortunately, as it proved, took his rifle. After an hour's hunt, the hogs were discovered and overtaken. Being stopped by the dogs, they huddled together with their noses out, ready for a fight. Two were caught by the dogs, and knifed; after which, an old hog, w^hich was among them.

46 HISTORY OP WAYNE COUNTY.

would, when the dogs caught a hog, fight them off", until he was shot by the man carrying the rifle. After a chase of about three miles, the last hog was captured.

The forest was also of no small value as a hunting ground for deer and other game. Deer hunting in the winter was a common business. Much of the meat of deer was sometimes lost. The hunter, if alone and far from home, would shoulder the more valuable part — the hams and the skin — and leave the rest for the wolves, or, as was sometimes done, hung up to a sapling or a large limb of a tree, which had perhaps been bent down for the purpose, and which, springing back, would raise the meat beyond the reach of the wolves. Having delivered his first load at his cabin, he would return, though perhaps not the same day — conducted to the spot by his tracks in the snow, and bring home the remainder. If two hunters were in com- pany, the legs of a deer would be tied to a pole, and the animal carried awa}^ each hunter taking an end of the pole on his shoulder.

But the principal meat of the early settlers did not long con- sist of game. Pork and poultry were soon raised in abund- ance. The common fowl furnished both meat and eggs. Geese, though sometimes eaten, were raised chiefly for their feathers, with which the settlers replenished their old bed-ticks and filled their new ones. Doubtless, many still repose on beds made by their mothers or grandmothers more than half a century ago.

Wild Animals.

The wild animals inhabiting this region at the time of its settlement, were the deer, wolf, bear, wild cat, fox, otter, porcupine or hedge hog, raccoon, woodchuck or ground hog, skunk, mink, muskrat, opossum, rabbit, weasel, and squirrel. Several of these animals furnished the early settlers with meat, but chiefly the deer. None were much feared except the bear and the wolf. The former was the most dangerous to meet; the latter the more destructive to X->roperty. The bear is generally ready to attack a person ; the wolf seldom does so unless impelled by hunger, or in defense. For many years it was difficult to protect sheep from the ravages of the wolves. They had to be penned every night. Many were

WILD ANIMALS. 47

destroyed even in the day time near the house. It is the nature of the wolf to seize a sheep by the throat and suck its blood, and leave the carcase as food for other carniverous animals ; provided the number of sheep was sufficient thus to satisfy the hunger of their destroyer. Pigs and calves also were sometimes victims to these pests of the early settlers. Their howlings in the night would often keep families awake, and set all the dogs in the neighborhood to barking. Their yells were often terrific. Says an old settler : " Suppose six boys having six dogs tied, and whipping them all at the same time, and you would hear such a noise as two wolves would make."

To effect the destruction of these animals, the county authorities offered bounties for their scalps. The accounts of county expenditures for many years show the payment of wolf bounties. But as wolves hunt in the night, when they can not be shot, they were more frequently caught in traps, which were made in divers ways. One kind was the " dead fall." Another was a small pen made of small logs or heavy poles, about 6 or 7 feet high, and narrowed at the top. Into this pen a bait was thrown. A wolf could easily enter it at the top, but was unable to get out. This is the kind in which Robert Morrisson "trapped" wolves when he lived in the woods above Middleborough. Jeremiah Cox, Jun., or "Young Jerry," as he was then familiarly called, having spoken of an unsuccessful search of raccoon tracks in the woods after a fall of snow, in company with his uncle Mor- risson, and another uncle, John Turner, says : " ~\Ve returned homeward by way of uncle Morrisson's wolf traps, which were on the Ohio side. In one of these traps was a large black wolf. Uncle Morrisson began to devise ways and means of tying up its mouth and hamstringing its hind legs, and of taking it home to fight with his dogs, for sport. 'Blood!' said uncle Turner, 'let us kill the ratched varmint,' at the same instant striking the wolf with the sharp edge of his ax through a crack of the trap, which bled the animal to death in a few minutes, thus putting an end to uncle Morrisson's anticipations of sport. But some time afterward he trapped another, which he succeeded in capturing. ;\nd

48 HISTORY OP WAYNE COUNTY.

had the sport. But he found the wolf a match for all the dogs that attacked it." The scalps of "these two wolveS were probably the ones for which he once drew from the county treasury $3.

Another kind of trap was made of split logs, about 6 feet long, 4 feet wide, and 3 feet high, with a heavy lid sufficiently raised to let the wolf in. Jumping in to get the bait, he would spring the triggers ; the lid would fall, and confine him until he could Le ijhot.

Another was the steel trap, with jaws a foot ,or more in length. The clamps were notched like a cross-cut saw; and there Avas a stiff spring each side. Attached to the trap was a chain with hooks, not to fasten it, but to make it difficult for the wolf to drag it. Caught, as he probably would be, by the fore leg while trying to paw out the bait, if the trap were made fast, he would gnaw ofi' his leg and be gone. Ishmael Bunch, an old hunter, who settled early half a mile east of Whitewater, [lately Hillsboro',] had a trap of this kind set a few miles east of tlie Ohio line at a place called " fallen timber," which was a great resort for wolves. He went with his son "Dick," a youth of seventeen, to see the trap, but it was gone. Following the trail, they overtook the wolf on a side hill on the bank of East Fork. " ISTow, Dick," said Bunch, " I 'ntend to kill that ar wolf with my tom'hawk." Dick set down his gun and stood to see the wolf killed. His fore leg was in the trap, his long white teeth shining, and the dogs shying around. The old man aimed a heavy blow at the wolf's head. The wolf dodged, and was not touched. But such was the momentum pro- duced by the stroke, as to whirl the old man round ; and he fell near the wolf. Being snapped at by the wolf, he made such an eflbrt to spring away, that he soon found himself on "all fours" over the brow of the hill; and, unable to stop himself, (being a heavy man,) he bounded along to the bot- tom. He soon returned, however, more scared than hurt, and ordered Dick to shoot the wolf. The boy, convulsed with laughter, found the task a difficult one.

Wolves were sometimes accused of deeds committed by do«'s. The followins: is a case : Dr. John Thomas, residino-

EARLY COOKING. 49

where his grandson Ilemy W. Thomas now Hves, in the township of Franklin, was called on one morning hy a neighhor who accused his dogs of having killed most of his sheep, and threatened to shoot them in his presence. The doctor, loth to part with his favorite dogs, remonstrated against so hasty redress. But the neighhor, determined to carry his purpose into eifect, was about to shoot, when the doctor prevailed on him to hold on till he could ascertain whether or not the dogs had eaten mutton. Having faith in emetics, he administered one on bread to each of the dogs. The eti'ect was a copious discharge of mutton and wool. "Wm. Addleman, an old resident of Franklin, confirms the facts above stated, and says he has seen the same eifect pro- duced by suspending the dog by his hind legs. After a brief struggle with his head down, the contents of the stomach were discharged.

Anions: the native animals of the forest which have long- since disappeared, was the porcupine, familiarly called hedge hog. It was nearly as large as a raccoon, had a round head, and was covered all over with quills from an inch to two inches long, and as hard and as sharp as a needle. It was a. terror to dogs. Young dogs, not knowing the consequence, would seize the animal, and get its quills stuck into their mouths. It could also, with its tail, switch the quills into the sides of a dog or other animal. It is the nature of these quills to work deeper into the flesh, and kill the dogs if not ex- tracted in season, which was usually done with a nippers. A dog once stuck with quills, would not touch the porcu[>ine.

Early Cooking.

To witness the various processes of cooking in those days, would alike surprise and amuse those who have grown up since cooking-stoves came into use. The first thing likely to attract notice was the wide fire-place before described, some eight feet in the clear. Kettles were hung over the fire, to a strong pole which was raised so high above the fire as not to be likely to ignite from heat or sparks, the ends being fastened into the sides of the chimney. The kettles were suspended on tram- mels, which were pieces of iron rods, with hooks at both ends.

50 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

The nppermo°t one extended from the pole nearly down to the fire; and with one or more short ones the kettles were brought to their proper height above the fire. Before iron was plenty, wooden hooks were sometimes used. Being directly above the kettles, they seldom took fire.

The long-handled frying-pan was used for cooking meat. It was held on the fire by hand ; or, to save time, the handle was sometimes laid across the back of a chair while the cook was " setting the table." The pan was also used for baking short cakes. It was placed in a nearly perpendicular posi- tion before the fire, with coals under or behind it to bake the under side. A more convenient article was a cast-iron, short-handled, three-legged spider, or skillet, which was set upon coals on the hearth. Its legs were so adjusted that when, in baking cakes or biscuit, it was turned up before the fire, it kept its semi-vertical position. Some of these skillets had iron covers, on which coals were thrown to bake the upper side. But the best thing for baking bread was the flat- bottomed bake-kettle, of greater depth, with legs and a closely fitted cast-iron cover, more commonly called Dutch oven. With coals over and under it, bread and biscuit were quickly and nicely baked. Turkeys and spare-ribs were sometimes roasted before the fire, suspended by a string, a dish -being placed underneath to catch the drippings.

Some of the inconveniences of cooking in open fire-places will be readily imagined. Women's hair was sometimes singed, their hands were blistered, and their dresses scorched. But frame houses, with good fire-places of brick or stone, measur- ably relieved our mothers and grandmothers. In one of the jambs was fastened an iron crane which extended over the fire, and could be drawn forward Avhen kettles were to be put on or taken ofl". But the invention of cook-stoves commenced a new era in the mode of cooking; and none, the most averse to innovation, have indicated a desire to return to the " old way,"' which will hereafter be known only in history.

EARLY TILLAGE. 51

Early Tillage.

Agriculture is a term hardly applicable to the farming of early times. The implements then used would, in this age of improvement, be great curiosities. Specimens on exhibition at our modern fairs would attract unusual attention. The plow used was called bar-share plow. The iron part consisted of a bar of irou about two feet long, and a broad share of iron welded to it. At the extreme point was a coulter that passed through a beam six or seven feet long, to which were attached handles of corresponding length. The mold-board was a wooden one split out of winding timber, or hewed into a winding shape in order to turn the soil over. The whole length of the plow, from the fore end of the beam to the ends of the handles, was eight or ten feet. Xewly cleared ground was, with this plow, broken up with great difficulty. From the tough roots bent forward by the plow and springing back, the plowman's legs would receive many a hard blow\ Some used on new ground only a shovel-plow, similar in sliape and size to that of the present day, but differing in workmanship.

Sown seed w^as " bushed in " by a sapling with a bushy top, or by a bundle of brush from a tree top, dragged, butts for- ward. As soon, however, as the ground would admit, the tri- angular harrow, or drag was used. This instrument was made of two pieces of timber, (hewed, before there were mills to saw,) about five inches square, and about six feet long, an end of one framed into one end of the other, forming an acute angle, and kept apart by a shorter piece framed into the others near the center ; the instrument in form resembling the letter A. The teeth were of double the weight of those now used, in order to stand the violent collision with the roots and stumps over and among which they were to be drawn, A harrow was sometimes made of a crotched tree, worked down to the proper size. The idea of a cast-iron plow had not yet entered the brain of the inventor, Jethro Wood, of Cayuga county, N. Y. The improvements since made in the plow and the harrow, the invention of cultivators, drills for sowing and planting, and other labor-saving implements, have wonder-

52 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

fully changed the aspect of farming, and increased incalculably the power of production.

In harvesting the change is most striking. Before the decay and removal of the stumps permitted the use of the grain- cradle, the cutting of grain was mostly done with the sickle, not at all used now for its original purpose. It was then a staple article of merchandise. In the old day-books and journals of the early merchants, if they could be found, might be seen the charge, " To 1 Sickle," under the names of scores of customers, followed, in many cases, by that other charge, " To 1 Gal. Whisky," an article then deemed by some as necessary in harvesting as the instrument itself The cradle, which superseded the sickle, is fast giving way — indeed, has in some parts of the country already given way — to the reaper, an instrument then not more likely to be invented than the photographic art, or the means of hourly communication with the inhabitants on the opposite side of the globe. Single fields of wheat of one hundred to five hundred acres each, are not rare in some of the western states. Let a man imagine an at- tempt to cut these immense fields of grain by handfuls with the sickle, and he can not fail to appreciate the invention of the reaper.

Grain was threshed with a flail, which, in its rudest form, was made of a hickory sapling about two inches thick, and seven or eight feet long. About two feet and a half from one end it was Voasted in the fire, and at this place it was bruised or beaten, so as to cause it to bend. With this, gi^ain was beaten out on the ground, if there was no barn floor. Another way of making a flail was to tie a stick, two or three feet long and two inches thick, to one end of a staft' of the size and length of a hoe handle, with a strong cord or leather string. A green hand, with this instrument, seldom failed of getting his head hit with one end of the swingel. There were no fanning-mills to separate the grain from the chaft'. ISTo mill peddler had yet ventured so far west as Whitewater. To " raise the wind," a linen sheet was taken from the bed, and held at the corners by two men ; and by a semi-rotary motion or swinging of one side of the sheet, the chafi' was driven from the falling grain, the pure wheat lying in a pile ready to be garnered, or placed

EARLY TILLAGE. 53

under the bed for safe-keeping, until there was occasion to take it to mill. The tow-linen sheet was at length superseded by the fanning-mill. A single machine now receives the sheaves, and delivers the cleaned grain at the rate of several hundred bushels a day. A reaper is in use in some of the western states which carries two binders, and drops along its track the cut grain in sheaves, bound.

In hay harvesting, also, improvements would seem to have reached perfection. A lad of sufficient age to drive a team, mows from fifty to one hundred acres of meadow in an ordi- nary haying season ; and the hay is all raked during the same time by a single hand.

An old settler, who has furnished the writer valuable infor- mation on several subjects, thus describes the method of har- vesting and cleaning wheat, supplying some slight omissions in the description already given :

Wheat was cut by hand with reap-hooks, [sickles,] bound, and put into shocks, and when sufficiently dried, into stacks. Before the farmer had a good barn floor, the wheat was threshed on the ground with a flail, a place having been pre- pared by beating down the clay with a maul. To separate it from the chaff", a riddle, [coarse sieve,] about 30 inches in di- ameter, was made by bending a wooden hoop 5 or 6 inches wide, and for a bottom, weaving splints across through holes made with a gimlet, and fastening them on the outside of the hoop. [Hosea C. Tillson, of Bethel, has yet in his possession a riddle of this kind made more than forty years ago.] A tow sheet was taken to make wind. This was done by two men, each taking an end, and whirling it over quickly. Another man holding up and shaking the riddle full of wheat in the chaff, the wind would blow the chaff" from the falling wheat. About ten bushels were thus cleaned in half a day. After barns were built vi^ith floors, wheat was tramped out by horses. When the stubs and the small stumps had disap- peared, cradles and fanning-mills came into use.

Getting grinding done, continues our friend, was for several years attended with difficulty. The settlers in the north- eastern part of the county were dependent upon mills in the vicinity of where Richmond now is. The mill afterward built

54 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

by Jeremiah Cox, Jnn., six miles north of Richmond, afforded great rehef to these northern settlers. But, like other early and cheaply constructed mills, it could not serve them in the dry and very cold seasons of the year. It was inclosed in a log building, and had two runs of stones. Having no elevators, the miller, when the wheat was ground, had to carry the flour in a sack up to the bolting chest. This mill was visited from a great distance by men and boys bringing grain on horseback along the new and winding paths through the woods.

The settler above alluded to also tells of a hand-mill that was resorted to in dry and cold weather. It was fixed on a square frame about as high as a table. In the upper stone, or runner, was a hole in which was put a staiF, the upper end of which passed up through the floor overhead into the loft. Two persons standing opposite each other and taking hold of the staff", would whirl the upper stone round ; one of them feed- ing the mill by throwing in the grain by single handfuls. A few mills run by horse power were built. A person wanting grinding done, would hitch his own horses to the mill. The people of that section were at length relieved by the erection of a steam grist-mill at Newport Falls in 1833. A small mill had been built on Middle Fork, east of Bethel, in 1829, which did much grinding when water was plenty.

While by the invention of the cultivator and other labor- saving implements, the power and facility of producing corn has been greatly increased, in the harvesting there has been comparatively little improvement. To this operation the em- ployment of machinery would seem to be impracticable. Dif- ferent modes have been practiced here. In the fall, while yet in a greenish state, the blades were stripped from the stalks, bound in bundles, and housed or stacked for cattle and sheep in winter. Sometimes the stalks with the leaves on were topped, that is, cut off just above the lower end of the ear ; and these tops also were saved for fodder. When the corn was sufficiently dry, the ears were pulled from the stalks, and hauled into the log barn, or to the side of a rail pen ; the rails having been notched down to make it tight enough to hold the ears when husked. The cattle were then turned into the field to feed on the stalks in the winter.

HOME MANUFACTURES. 55

The husking was performed by that ancient — now obsolete — institution called corn-husking, in which the neighbors, old and young, were invited to participate. The anticipation of a " good time " secured a general attendance. A good supper, which several of the " neighbor women " had assisted in pre- paring, was usually served at eight or nine o'clock. The " old folks'' would then leave, and in due time the boys would gal- lant the girls to their homes. The recreation afforded to the young people on the annual recurrence of these festive occa- sions, was as highly enjoyed and quite as innocent as most of the amusements of the present boasted age of refinement.

Home llanufadures.

After a brief residence at their new homes, the settlers found themselves in need of new clothing, which some of them were unable to purchase. Even the few who had money, could not supply themselves without great difliculty. The inhabitants of Whitewater were yet shut out from the commercial world. The nearest market town Vv^as Cincinnati ; and the only mode of transportation was by wagons over roads almost impassable most of the year. The settlers were obliged to supply them- selves chiefly by their own hands. Farmers, even in the older states, manufactured their own cloth, both for summer and winter wear.

Flax was at first raised chiefly for the lint, for the reason, probably, that the seed would not pay for its transportation to market. When the seed was about ripe, the flax was pulled up by the roots, and spread on the ground to rot. The rotting is done by the rains and the dew. It does not impair the strength of the lint; it only makes the straw brittle, that it may be easily separated from the lint. In preparing it for spinning, it passes through the several processes of breaking, scutching, or swingling, and hackling, or hatcheling. The part combed out by this last process, is called toio. It was made into a coarser fabric, for men's shirts and trowsers for common wear. The warp of this tow cloth was often — perhaps geu- erall}^ — spun from the fine flax, the filling alone being spun from the tow. The fine linen was more generally worn by

56 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

women, but was sometimes made into men's undergarments for Sunday wear.

The spinning exercise is on^ which few of the present generation of our girls have ever enjoyed. The wheel used for spinning flax' was called the "little wheel" to distinguish it from the "big wheel" used for spinning wool. These "stringed instruments" furnished the principal music of, the family, and were operated by our mothers and grandmothers with great skill, attained without expense, and by far le,ss practice, than is necessary for our modern dames to acquire a skillful use of their elegant and costly instruments. They were indispensable household articles in those days ; and, fortunately, a maker of them was among the early settlers. This wheelwright, in the person of Daniel Trimble, was regarded as a common benefactor to the inhabitants for many miles round. He was a son-in-law of John Smith. A few years later came Wm. Williams, a man of the same craft, and equally useful, perhaps more so ; for, being an esteemed preacher of the society of Friends, after six days' labor in supplying their temporal wants, he ministered the next day to their spiritual needs.

The loom was not less necessary than the wheel. N'ot every house, however, in which spinning was done, had a loom. But there were always some who, besides doing their own weaving, did some also for those who could not do it for themselves.

"Woolen cloth also was a household manufacture. Settlers having succeeded in raising some sheep despite the devouring wolves, they commenced making cloth. The shearing of sheep was attended with trouble and delay, as that indispen- sable article, sheep-shears, was not owned by every farmer. One sometimes performed the circuit of a neighborhood. There being at first no carding machines, wool was carded and made into short rolls with hand-cards. These rolls were spun on the "big wheel," which may still be seen in the houses of some of the old settlers, being occasionally used for spinning and twisting stocking yarn. It was turned with the hand, and with such velocity as to give it sufficient momentum to enable the nimble mother, by her backward

HOME MANUFACTURES. 57

step, to draw out and twist her thread of nearly the length of the cabin. Woolen cloth was woven on the loom used for weaving linen. A common article made was Unscij, also called linsey-woolsey, of which the warp or chain was linen, and the filling woolen.

Several years elapsed before fulled cloth was made, there being no fulling mills and cloth-dressing establishments. Flannel, all wool, was also made, and worn by the mothers and daughters. Flannel for women's wear, after dye-stufis were to be had, was dyed such color as the wearers fancied. It was sometimes a plaid made of yarn of various colors, home-dyed. To improve their appearance, these flannels were sent to a cloth-dressing mill for a slis-ht dressins:, which was finished by a powerful pressing between large sheets of smooth pasteboard, to give it a glossy surface.

Long after the country had passed its pioneer state, the farmers' houses continued to be miniature linen and woolen factories, in which the labor was chiefly performed by the wife and mother until the daughters were able to assist. Where there was more spinning to be done than the wife could do in addition to her housework, and where the daughters were too young to help, spinsters were emplo3'ed to come into families to spin flax and tow in the winter, and wool in the summer. These itinerant spinsters received a "York shilling" [12J cents] a day — the day's work ending at early bed-time. Some will be surprised when told that many of these women had money to show at the year's end. It was to some extent a custom to count a certain number of "cuts" of yarn as a day's work. This had a tendency to accelerate the motion of the wheel, and lessen the hours of labor. These small earnings would not go far toward clothing Whitewater farmers' daughters of the present generation. Then young women were dressed in cloth of their own manufacture, except the calico for the summer Sunday dress, six yards being a full pattern for a woman of ordinary size.

The linen made in families was not all worn in its brown or natural color. That which was intended for certain uses was bleached. It was spread on the grass, wet by sprinkling

58 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

several times a day, and dried in sunshine. By this alternate wetting and drying, it was soon bleached to a perfect white.

Much dyeing, too, as has been already intimated, was done in the family. Dye-woods and dye-stuffs formed no small portion of a country merchant's stock. Barrels of chipped Mcaragua, log-wood, and other woods, and kegs of madder, alum, copperas, vitriol, indigo, etc., constituted a large part of teamsters' loading for the merchants. Many, doubtless, remember the old dye-tub standing in the chimney corner, covered with a board, and used as a seat for children when chairs were wanted for visitors, or when new supplies of furniture failed to keep pace with the increase of the family. Mr. Goodrich, [Peter Parley,] describing early life in his' native town in Connecticut, speaks of this " institution of the dj'e-tub," as having, " when the night had waned, and the family had retired, frequently become the anxious seat of the lover, who was permitted to carry on his courtship, the object of his addresses sitting demurely in the opposite corner." "We have no authority for saying that it was ever used here on such occasions.

Nearly all the cloth worn was " home-made." Earely was a farmer or his son seen in a coat made of any other. If, occasionally, a young man appeared in a suit of "boughten" cloth, he was an object of envy to his rustic associates; or he was suspected of having got it for a particular occasion which occurs in the life of nearly every man. Few, except merchants, lawyers, doctors, and some village mechanics, wore cloth that had not passed through the hands of the country cloth-dresser. Hence merchants kept very small stocks of broadcloth. Cloths of the finer qualities they sometimes bought in small pieces, containing a certain number of patterns — one, two, or three — to avoid loss on remnants.

There were also tailoresses who came into families to make up men's and boys' winter clothing. The cutting was mostly done by the village tailor, if there was a village near. "Bad fits," ^Yhich were not uncommon, were generally charged to the cutter. Hence the custom of tailors, when inserting in their advertisements, " Cuttino; done on short notice, and

HOME MANUFACTURES. 59

warranted to fit," to append the very prudent proviso, " if properly made up." These seamstresses charged twenty-five cents a day for their work. This was thought by some em- ployers rather exorbitant, as the common price of help at housework was but one-half as much.

The need of leather soon became pressing. The shoes brought in by the settlers were worn out. Large boys and girls had to go barefoot the greater part of the year, even to meeting. Tanneries of limited capacity were established. Some, having waited impatiently for the tanners to turn out leather, set up for themselves, and tanned the hides of their slaughtered cattle in a trough. Others substituted for shoes the cheaper article of moccasins, similar to those worn by the Indians. Skins of various kinds of animals were tanned for this purpose. Moccasins were sometimes sewed with leather thongs. An early settler yet living says, that in the days of his boyhood he tanned squirrel skins in a sugar trough, and made moccasins for himself; and he thought himself a little above his companions when he wore them to Whitewater meeting. Shoes for both feet were made on one last. " Eights and lefts" were unknown in those days. Boots were little woru by men, except in the winter season.

We have spoken of houses as linen and woolen factories. Some were also shoe-shops. In some parts of the country there was, in almost every neighborhood, a circulating shoe- maker, who made his annual autumnal circuit with his "kit." The children had a happy time during his sojourn, which lasted one, two, or more weeks, according to the number of feet to be shod. This custom, it is believed, never prevailed so generally here as in some other places. Many made shoes •for themselves and their families. Men's boots and shoes were usually made of coarse leather, commonly called cow- hide. Occasionally a young man attained the enviable dis- tinction of appearing in a pair of calf-skin boots made by a regular workman. In this department of dress, as in others, in respect to style and expense, the past and the present ex- hibit a remarkable contrast.

We only add, a marked and general revolution in house- hold labor has been etiected since the days of our mothers

60 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

and grandmotliers. The substitution of cotton for flax, and of the various kinds of labor-saving machinery for hand- cards and family spinning-wheels and looms, has vastly lightened the labor of women. One of the results of these improvements is the opportunity they afford for mental and intellectual culture. That the mass of American women duly imjDrove these opportunities will hardly be affirmed.

In confirmation of what has been said in relation to the des- titution of early settlers, and of the difficulty of obtaining com- fortable clothing, an old settler in a northern township of this county writes : " I remember when I got the first pair of boots I ever had. I got them to travel in when I went abroad to preach. I was called proud because I had boots. Women also who wore checked cotton dresses every day, were called proud. "We then had no idea how people would dress as soon as they were able. On account of the difficulty of protecting sheep from the wolves, few were kept; and many families were un- able to supply themselves with woolen clothes. For men's and boys' winter clothing, recourse was had to tanned and dressed deer-skins. When grown stiff by getting wet, they were limbered by whipping them on a log or a post. Some wore coats made of undressed skins."

From another northern township an old settler writes: "I have frequently seen families go to meeting barefoot. I have often heard it said of a preacher on the circuit when this was a wilderness, that the people went to hear their ' new preacher' on a week day. Being neatly dressed, and wearing a pair of fine boots, they thought him too much of a fop to preach. After he had closed his sermon, a laboring man who had left his field and come to meeting barefoot, got up and gave a warm and stirring exhortation, under the effects of which a good old brother shouted, 'Lord! send us more barefooted preachers.' "

It is presumed this anecdote, kindly furnished by our friend, was intended simply as an illustration of the destitute con- dition and some of the characteristics of the early settlers and not at all as justifying the vulgar prejudices indulged by some in those days against persons better dressed than them- selves. Happily the days have gone by when "good clothes"

SUGAR MAKING. 61

are regarded by any as a badge of dishonor, or as evidence of one's unfitness for any position or calling. Many a poor, per- haps shoeless pioneer has, by hard labor and proper economy, become a "lord of the soil," and, if yet living, is himself one of that class upon whom he once looked with envy or distrust.

Sugar Making.

IvTot until after the settlers had supplied themselves wdth the more needful articles of clothing and with edibles of various kinds, did wheat bread become a common article of food. It had not been " daily bread," but had been eaten only occasionally, as on Sundays and wdien visitors came. Then one would get a little of this luxury, with some "store coffee. " Fortunately, there was not the same lack of sweet- ening material. The sugar maple furnished au abundance of sugar and molasses.

Trees were "tapped" in various ways. Generally a notch was cut into a tree with an ax, or a hole bored with an auger, below which a spile, or spout, was inserted to conduct the sap into a trough. Troughs were made from easy splitting trees 12 to 15 inches in diameter. They were cut into pieces about two feet long, which were split exactly through the center. Of each of these halves was made with an ax a trough, holding about a common pailful of sap. The sap was generally carried in pails or buckets to the boiling place, and emptied into a reservoir, which was a long trough made of a large tree, and holding many barrels. Sometimes a number of empty barrels or casks were taken to the bush, and used for that purpose. The kettles were hung against the side of a large log or fallen tree, and the sap was boiled down to a thin syrup and strained. The straining and final boiling were usually done in the house. For molasses, it was boiled to the proper consistency ; for sugar, until it was granulated, when it was poured into dishes to cool, and taken out in solid cakes.

Great improvements on the early mode of sugar-making have been made. Wooden and tin buckets have been sub- stituted for the rough, uncouth trough which could not be emptied without waste. Kettles are sometimes set in tight

62 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

furnaces of stone laid in lime mortar. Coals, ashes, and other dirt are thus kept out of the kettles, and clean, light- colored sugar is produced. The first settlers had no market for their surplus sugar and molasses. Each made for himself; and there was no store in all the valley ; nor, if there had been, would a merchant have taken sugar at a remunerative price, even in exchange for goods, as it would not have borne transportation to market. The nominal price was 5 or 6 cents a pound, though its cash value was probably, for a time, scarcely half that price. Those who have spared their sugar- trees, have, for several years past, received a fair reward for their labor in its production.

Early Stores.

One of the great needs of the early settlers was a store. This was partially supplied by John Smith, who, in 1810, com- menced the keeping of a small store in a log building near the present public square, south of Main street. Smith is said to have brought his first stock on horseback, on pack saddles, from Cincinnati. But the late Cornelius Van Arsdale, an old merchant in Eaton, Ohio, has been heard to say he sold to Smith his first goods. These were probably the goods sup- posed to have been brought from Cincinnati on horseback. The early merchants got their supplies from that town. Goods were brought on wagons over roads almost impassable ; the time required to make a trip being from about six to ten days.

Although the inhabitants rejoiced at the establishment of a store, the great expense at which goods were transported, the high prices necessarily charged for them, and the low prices of produce so far from market, made it almost impossible for some to purchase the goods they most needed. The following is a . statement of prices, as found in Dr. Plummer's History of Richmond :

" In 1810, bacon sold at 2| cents per pound ; corn, 20 to 25 cents per bushel; but there was a season of great scarcity, when it sold for $1.25 per bushel — probably in 1819. Sugar was manu- factured from the sugar-tree in large quantities, and sold here at 3, 4, and 6 cents per pound, while hogsheads of it were taken to the South in exchange for raw cotton, which was in

EARLY STORES. 63

great demand here. It was spun and woven by the women, and the fabrics were sold at the stores. Butter for a long time sold at 3, 4, and 6 cents per pound ; wheat at 37J to 50 cents ; oats, in 1820, were 8 cents per bushel. Apples, at the earliest periods, were brought from Redstone, Pa., by way of Cincin- nati, and sold at $1 to $1.50 per bushel. 'Many a time,' said an old woman, ' have I paid Robert Morrisson fifty cents a yard for muslin, which can now be bought for eight and ten cents; and I paid for it, too, with butter and sugar at six cents a pound.' "

With produce at these low prices, farmers had to pay for goods at the highest rates. Common calico cost 37| cents a yard ; other fabrics, as well as tea, cofi'ee, etc., in proportion. It required about a bushel of oats to buy a pound of nails; a bushel of wheat, or two bushels of corn, to buy a yard of calico or a pound of coffee.

Smith's store, inside, would be regarded, by most of our readers, as a curiosity-shop. Here was a rude counter ; there were a few shelves fixed up to the log wall. On these were seen packages of Barlow knives, with a sample knife outside for a sign; sheep^shears done up in the same manner; also gimlets, augers, etc. There were sickles wherewith to cut the first crops of wheat; hair sieves, trace chains, blind bridles, curry-combs, and numerous other necessaries for the farmers. ]^or were the wants of their wives and daughters forgotten. They there found calico, fine cambric, cap-stuft", pins, needles, etc. Here were sold some of the first wedding garments for the settlers' daughters; and here was kept also a small stock of imported broadcloth, but rather too fine for many to wear. Occasionally a young man who wished to appear in a coat of blue cloth, with yellow metal buttons, a high and rolling col- lar, and a forked tail, after the fashion of those days, got his outfit here. Smith increased his stock, from time to time, to supply the demand of the constantly increasing population ; and being for several years the only merchant in the county, he acquired an extensive and a lucrative trade.

Smith's place was considered the center of business ; and, with a town in prospect, he erected a frame store building. In this, it is thought, he made a slight mistake. Robert Alorris-

64 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

son, a brother-in-law of Jerenoiah Cox, having sold his farm on Middle Fork, bought of Cox a piece of land where was a spring. A part of this ground is the present site of the Rob- inson Machine Works. On this land he built a small frame house fronting on the road from Cox's house to his mill, and near what is now Main street. In this house he started a store. Smith soon perceiving that trade was gravitating toward Mor- risson's corner, put up a frame building opposite, on what is now known as Mason's corner, where Elliott & Co.'s furniture store lately stood, [destroyed a few months ago by fire.] Smith had now competition. But this was soon temporarily inter- rupted. Morrisson's house and household goods were destroyed by fire. His store goods, kept in the same building, had been removed to Smith's store, he having formed a partnership with Smith. The partnership, however, was dissolved immediately or soon after the fire.

Reflections on Pioneer Life.

The history of pioneer life generally presents only the dark side of the picture. The toils and privations of the early settlers were not a series of unmitigated sufierings. They had their joys as well as their sorrows. The addition of each new acre of their "clearings" brought with it fresh enjoyment, and cheered them on in the pursuit of their ultimate object, an unincumbered and a happy home. They were happy also in their fraternal feelings; or, as one expressed it, "the feeling of brotherhood — the disposition to help one another;" or, in the language of another, " Society was rude and uncultivated ; yet the people were very friendly to each other, quite as much so as relatives are at the present day."

We could hardly endure the thought of exchanging our splendid and comfortable carriages for the rude ones of our fathers and grandfathers, which served the various purposes of visiting, and of going to mill and to " meeting " — (churches they had not;) yet who doubts that families had a "good time" when they made a visit to a "neighbor" at a distance of several miles through the woods, on an ox-sled ? Our mothers were clad in homespun of their own make; and not a few yet remember the " glad surprise " when fathers, on their

REFLECTIONS ON PIONEER LIFE. 65

return from market, presented to their faithful helpmates a six- yard calico dress pattern for Sunday wear. And we presume the wearer was in quite as devotional a frame of mind, and en- joyed Sabbath exercises quite as well, as she who now flaunts her gorgeously trimmed silk of fifteen or twenty yards, made up in a style transforming the wearer into "the likeness" of something never before known " above " or " on the earth beneath," and altered with every change of moon.

The people were happy in their families. The boys, having labored hard during the day, sought rest at an early hour. Parents had the pleasure of seeing their sons acquiring habits of industry and frugality — a sure prognostic of success in life. The "higher civilization" had not yet introduced, "In every country village, wliere

Ten chimney smokes perfume the air,

Contiguous to a steeple,"

those popular modern institutions — the saloon and the billiard- room, in which so many youth now receive their principal train- ing. Fewer parents spent sleepless nights in anxious thought about their " prodigal sons," or had their slumbers broken by the noisy entrance of these sons on returning from their mid- night revels. They saw no clouds rising to dim the prospect of a happy future to their children. Never were wives and mothers more cheerful than when, like the virtuous woman described by Solomon, "they hiid their hands to the spindle, and their hands held the distaff;" or when, with tlieir knitting- work or sewing, and baby, too, they went — unbidden, as the custom was — to spend an afternoon with their " neighbor women," by whom they were received with a hearty, uncere- monious welcome. The " latch-string was out" at all times; and even the formality of knocking was, by the more intimate neighbors, dispensed with.

Nor did they lack topics of conversation at these visits. Prominent among them were their domestic afl'airs — their manifold industrial enterprises and labors — and the anticipated rewards of their toils and privations. Their conversation, some may suppose, evinced no high degree of intellectual culture; yet, as an indication of such culture, surely it would not suffer in comparison with the gossip of many of our modern educated ladies at their social gatherings.

HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

Life on the Twelve 3file Purchase, 1810 to 1814.

The following letter from Mrs. Eebecca Julian, widow of Isaac Julian, and sister of the late ■ Judge Hoover, was pub- lished, in 1854, in the Way7ie County Journal, printed at Center- ville :

" The country around us was an entire wilderness, with here and there a small cabin, containing a small family. We were nearly all new beginners at that time, and although we had to work almost day and night, we were not discouraged.

" We were in fine spirits until the battle was fought at Tip- pecanoe by General Harrison and the Indians. After that, we lived in continual fear, and passed many sleepless nights. Well do I recollect how I kept my head raised ofiT of my pillow, in listening, expecting the savages to come and take our scalps. We had every reason to believe that such would be the case, as they were frequently to be seen scouting all around us. At length the time arrived when two men were stationed at our fort for our protection. My husband also enlisted and served three months as a soldier, but was not called out from the fort. We were truly thankful that there was no fighting to be done, as we were then few in number, and completely in the power of the enemy. But it is evident they intended harming only such persons as they thought hostile to them. A young man by the name of Shortridge was killed by the Indians about three miles from our fort. He had on at the time a portion of the dress of another man, who had made threats against them, and it is supposed they mistook him for the latter. In the spring following Charles Morgan and his two half-brothers were killed at their sugar-camp, scalped, and one of them thrown into the fire. This happened about six miles from our residence. This was quite alarming ; we knew not what to do ; we gathered ourselves in small groups in order to hold coun- sel. Finally, we concluded to leave our new homes ; which we did, time after time, for the space of two years. We were grateful, indeed, to see peace returning, so that we could again enjoy our homes.

" There were many and serious trials in the beginning of this country with those who settled amid the heavy timber,

^^.c«. ^^;

LIFE ON THE TWELVE MILE PURCHASE. 67

Laving nothing to depend on for a living but their own indus- try. Such was our situation. However, we were blest with health and strength, and were able to accomplish all that was necessary to be done. Our husbands cleared the ground, and assisted each other in rolling the logs. We often went with them on these occasions, to assist in the way of cooking for the hands. We had first-rate times, just such as hard-laboring men and women can appreciate. We were not what would now be called fashionable cooks; we had no pound cakes, preserves, or jellies; but the substautials, prepared in plain, honest, old-fashioned style. This is one reason why we were so blessed with health — we had none of your dainties, nick- nacks, and many fixings that are worse than nc;thing. There are many diseases that we never even heard of thirty or forty years ago, such as dyspepsia, neuralgia, and many others too tedious to mention. It was not fashionable at that time to be weakly. We could take our spinning-wheels and walk two miles to a spinning frolic, do our day's work, and, after a first-rate sup- per, join in some innocent anmsement for the evening. We did not take very particular pains to keep our hands white; we knew they were made to use to our advantage ; therefore we never thought of Ijaving hands just to look at. Each settler had to go and assist his neighbors ten or fifteen days, or there- abouts, in order to get help again in log-rolling time — this was the only way to get assistance.

"I have thought proper to mention these matters, in order that people now may know what the first settlers had to un- dergo. We, however, did not complain half as much as people do now. Oar diet was plain; our clothing we manufactured ourselves; we lived independent, and were all on an equality. I look back to those by-gone days with great interest. ^ow how the scene has changed ! Children of these same pioneers know nothing of hardship; they are spoiled by indulgence, and are generally planning ways and means to live without work."

68 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

Education; Schools.

Though struggling undei\the pressure of poverty and priva- tion, the early settlers planted among them the school-house and the church at the earliest practicable period. So important an object as the education of their children they did not defer until they could build more comely and convenient houses; they were for a time content with such as corresponded with their rude dwellings. The first school-houses were built of logs, and with fire-places and chimneys like those of log dwelling-houses, and were roofed in the same manner. , An old resident of Franklin township thus describes the first school-house built in Hillsborough, and the first in which he ever attended school : The floor of the school-room and that of the loft were both made of split puncheons ; the door of split clapboards, and fastened by a wooden latch raised by a string hanging outside. The fire-place was made by cutting an aperture in one side about ten feet wide, and building the place out about four feet with logs up to the mantel ; then with poles instead of split sticks, drawn in to about 3 to 5 feet at the top, and daubed with clay, the chim- ney being outside. The back wall and sides of the fire-place were made by beating down clay about 18 inches thick, and 2| feet high. The hearth was made of the same material. A large, green back-log, requiring the united strength of teacher and several large boys, was rolled into the fire-place, and a small one was put on the top, and another before, and the middle filled up with small wood.

Rough benches of split logs extended from one side of the fire-place around through the room to the other side of the fire-place. On these the scholars were seated, facing the fire, the teacher standing at one end of the circle. Sometimes boys, to get near the fire without standing before others, would step up on the bank of clay and walk around behind the fire, leaning their backs against the logs of the chimney, putting their feet forward over the back-log to the fire, and studying their lessons by the light coming down the chimney.

education; schools. 69

The writing-desk was a long slab hauled from a distant saw-mill, fastened on long pins driven into auger holes in the logs, and slanting ^downward from the wall. The window was made by cutting a hole through the logs just above the writing-table, and putting in an old newspaper greased with lard for window-lights. In a cold day ink would freeze in the pen before a line was written. Pens were made of goose quills.

The school books used were AYebster's American Spelling Book, some reading book, and an arithmetic. A grammar book, a geography, or an atlas, the scholars had never seen.

The children's dinners, too, were very unlike those of chil- dren at the present day. Their frozen corn-bread was some- times thawed on the dirt hearth. This bread, or " corn dodger," as it was called, in one hand, and sometimes a piece of wild turkey or deer's meat in the other, were eaten for dinner.

Schools were not then regulated by law. A subscription paper, stating the price of tuition per scholar for the term pro- posed, was circulated, and each person affixed to his name the number of scholars he would send. If a sufficient number were obtained, the school would commence. Teachers were often paid in produce, many of their employers being unable to pay in money.

Not only was the course of instruction limited to those few primary branches, spelling, reading, writing, and arithmetic; the qualifications to teach even these successfully were gener- ally wanting. Only the simpler parts of arithmetic were taught by most of the teachers ; and the mathematical ambi- tion of many pupils was satisfied when they could "cj'pher" to the end of the " Single Rule of Three," which, in the old arithmetics, came before Fractions. Nor did some parents think anj' higher attainment in this branch necessary' for their sons, except the knowledge of computing interest, which some of them might possibly, at some time in their lives, have occa- sion to practice.

The manner of tesLch'mg and conducting a school in those days is also worthy of note. AV^riting, in some schools, was not required to be done at any fixed hour, nor by all at the same

70 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

time. Children conld hardly be expected to be able to make their own pens — none but goose-quill pens being used — nor, indeed, were many teachers competent to do it properly. These pens also required frequent mendings. To make and mend the pens and " set copies " for ten, twenty, or thirty pupils, took no small portion of a teacher's time, and was often done during reading and other exercises, in which the worst mistakes escaped the observation of the teacher. To avoid this, some teachers did this work before or after school hours. The in- troduction of the metallic pen and the printed copy-book is a valuable improvement, saving to the teacher much time and labor, and furnishing the pupils with good and uniform copies.

Nor had the blackboard been invented; or, if it had, it was not known in the rural districts. J^or were scholars taught arithmetic in classes. They got the attention and assistance of the teacher as they could. Voices were heard from different parts of the room : " Master, I can't do this sum ;" or, " Please show me how to do this sum." These, with questions asking permission to "go out," to "go and drink," etc., which, in some schools, were, to use a parliamentary phrase, "always in order;" the teacher going about the room to "help" the scholars, or to do their work for them ; and scholars running to the teacher to ask him how to pronounce the hard words in the spelling and reading lessons; — all these, and other things that might be mentioned, kept the school-room in a continual bustle. There were, however, some good teachers then ; and there are many now who answer too nearly the foregoing de- scription ; yet a comparison of the schools of the present time with those of fifty years ago shows a vast improvement.

Where, when, or by whom the first school in the county was kept, is not easily ascertained ; it was probably within or near the present limits of Wayne township. There was in Indiana territory no school system established b}' law. All was done on the " voluntary " plan. The men of each neighborhood would join in putting up a log house. Every man paid only for the tuition of his own children — of such number as he was pleased or able to send. There was then no grumbling by any one at being obliged to pay for " schooling others' children."

RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. 71

There are still, doubtless, not a few in every place who would rejoice at the re-adoption of that part of the old plan — who have never yet been able to see how their individual interests have been promoted by the general diffusion of learning. The General Government acted wisely in setting apart a section of land in every township, the proceeds of which are to be appro- priated to the support of common schools in the township. And the state has, with equal wisdom, provided to supply the deficiency by taxation, thus making the schools free to all who wish to avail themselves of their advantages.

Beligious Societies.

The early establishment of religious institutions in new set- tlements is a prominent feature in the history of this country. The school-house and the house of worship are erected almost simultaneously in every community. Of the different religious denominations in this count}^ the Friends were at first the most numerous, and are so still in some townships, though the first cliurch organized in the county is said to be that of the Baptists on the Elkhorn creek, formed in 1806 or 1807, about 6 miles south of Richmond, now in the township of Boston. The Friends next established a meeting, and built a log meet- ing-house in 1807, near the site of the present large brick house in the north-east part^ of the city of Richmond. The first meeting-house in nearly every settlement was built of logs. Some of them were warmed by placing in the center a large box or iron kettle filled with dirt, and making on it a fire of wood or charcoal. A second house was sometimes built of logs, generally improved in appearance by having the logs hewed on the outside and inside.

[A particular notice of tiie several religious organizations in the county may be found in the historical sketches of their respective townships.]

72 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

The Indian Troubles.

The war spirit which had heen excited, and kept np for a long period, by conflicts between the whites and the Indian tribes in the ^N'orth-western Territory, had not long slum- bered— perhaps had not been entirely allayed — when the former began their settlements in the valleys of Whitewater. This warfare, there is reason to believe, was not, as some have supposed, wholly a " conflict between civilization and barbarism." Many acts of savage barbarity recorded in the history of the early settlements, were the outbreaks of resent- ments transmitted by those who had suffered injustice at the hands of half-civilized white men, or were provoked by some evil-disposed white men at the time. Judge Hoover, re- ferring to some of the depredations and murders committed by the Indians, says : " Candor, however, compels me to say, that, as is usually the case, we Christians were the aggress- ors." It must be confessed, however, that many of these Indian atrocities appear to have been committed in cold blood — at least without any immediate provocation.

The early settlers were much annoyed by the Indians. They were often frightened by their suspicious appearances and open menaces ; and these fears were strengthened by actual murders committed in various parts of the territory, one of which is related by Rev. Mr. Smith in his "Miscel- lany," in substance, as follows : A man named Jones, re- turning from hunting, found his wife terribly frightened by the menaces of an Indian who was plundering the house. The Indian, on the approach of Jones, rushed out and made off", and Jones shot him as he ran, inflicting a severe, though not mortal wound. The Indian escaped and reached his people. In a few days a delegation of Indians came to the white settle- ment and demanded redress. The whites were so well acquaint- ed with the Indian character, that they knew an amicable set- tlement must be made, or the Indians would take vengeance ; and perhaps some of their women and children would be the sacrifice. The white men met for consultation, and appointed Esquire Rue, Wm. L. Williford, and George Smith, as com- missioners to treat with the Indians. The Indians demanded

THE INDIAN TROUBLES. 73

blood from the white man. The commissioners pleaded that the Indian had been the aggressor. In view of this fact, the Indians proposed to take a horse. A horse was accord- ingly pnrchased for them, and they were pacified.

Mr. Smith recollects having heard an Indian relate the first one of several instances of his taking the lives of white persons. At the age of about fourteen, he was permitted to accompany a party of " braves " going to a white settlement to scalp and plunder, on a promise that he would be brave. The first night, he and another young Indian were sent to reconnoiter a cabin. They returned and reported that there were in it but a man and woman. They were ordered to go back and kill them. They returned to the cabin, and shot them through an opening of the jambs, entered the cabin and scalped them, and returned to their comrades with their bloody trophies. This young Indian was thenceforth a brave among the warriors.

Many of the depredations upon the early settlers of Ken- tucky were committed by Indians from what is now the state of Indiana. At their village in Old Town, in what is now Delaware county, about five miles from Muncie, and near White river, white men were tortured to death at the stake by a slow fire, while their fiendish captors danced around them. Mr. Smith says he visited the spot after the Indians had left the village, and saw the stake still standing, and some of the firebrands were yet to be seen.

In 1811, John Shortridge was shot by an Indian south of the present town of Germantown, and about a mile east of Milton, while riding on horseback in company with George Ish. This, however, is said to have been done by mistake. The Indian had had some dilficulty with a man by the name of Isaiah Drury. Shortridge, having on Drury's overcoat, was mistaken for the owner, and shot on his white horse. He was carried about a mile to a fort which had been built half a mile south of where Germantown now is. Word having been sent to the fort north [Boyd Fort], Samuel K. Boyd and Larkin Harding went down, and attended Shortridge until his death, the next day. For the want of boards to make a coffin, puncheon fioor plank were used for the purpose.

74 HISTORY OF AVAYNE COUNTY.

Charles Morgan, residing near the stream now called Mor- gan's creek, and two boys, or youth, his half-brothers, named Beesl}', were killed near a sugar-camp by Indians in the evening. The leader, or principal in this murder, is sup- posed— perhaps generally — to have been the notorious In- dian, John Green. This supposition is probably based upon the fact that a mutual hatred existed between him and Mor- gan. The writer has been informed upon authority which he can not doubt, that Morgan, under the apprehension that Green was meditating his murder, intended to take the life of Green in order to save his own, and that he once started from home with the avowed intent of waylaying his adver- sary for this purpose. Although Green probably had evil designs against Morgan, and perhaps was accessory to the murder, there is strong presumptive evidence that he was not present when it was committed. The suspected murderers, four in number, were traced toward Muncietown and over- taken, and one of them was shot ; the others escaped. Mor- gan and his brothers were all scalped. The murder was committed in the spring of 1813. This occurrence induced many families to take shelter in the forts erected for their protection.

Horses were sometimes stolen by the Indians, and other depredations upon the property of the white inhabitant^ committed ; but it is believed that the only murders com- mitted by them are the two here mentioned. In a few instances, the lives of Indians have been taken, or assaults have been made upon them for that purpose, by way of retaliation for injuries.

In 1811, by order of the General Government, an expedi- tion was sent out against the Indians. In this campaign was fought the memorable battle of Tippecanoe, near the "Wabash, on the 7th of ISTovember, 1811.. But, although the Indians were compelled to yield to the superior force of the army under Gen. Harrison, their vindictive spirit was not subdued. And it was evident, before the Declaration of War against Great Britain in 1812, that some of the tribes were not disposed to remain at peace with the white people,

THE INDIAN TROUBLES. 75

and that in the event of a war with Great Britain, thej' would give aid to that power.

Scarcely had hostilities between the two countries com- menced before these apprehensions were realized ; and it became necessary for the inhabitants to provide means of safety. The expedient adopted was the building oi forts and block-houses by the people of the several settlements. These forts, or stockades, were made of two rows [sometimes but one row] of split timbers 12 to 14 feet long, planted in the ground 2h or 3 feet deep. The timbers of the second row were so placed as to cover the' cracks of the first. Small cabins were erected inside of the stockades for the accom- modation of the families. " Usually," says the writer of this description, " one block-house was built in each fort. These block-houses were two stories high, the upper story project- ing over the lower, say two feet, with port-holes in the floor of the projection, so that the men could see to shoot the Indians if they succeeded in getting to the walls of the block-house. There Avere also port-holes in the walls of the upper and lower stories, through which shooting of much execution could be performed as the foe was advancing," — [W. a Smith:\

It is said by those who assisted in their erection, and occu- pied them, that the block-house was at a corner of the fort, the second story extending on two sides several feet beyond the marked boundaries of the fort. The projection of the second story beyond the walls of the first, was generally between three and four instead of two feet. The block- house thus standing out a few feet beyond the walls of the fort, gave ample range to shoot any person approaching the fort on two sides. And, by placing another block-liouse in the diagonally opposite corner of the fort, the other two sides of the fort were similarl}^ guarded.

During the war of 1812, Indian alarms were frequent, and the inhabitants were kept constantly in a state of disquiet. The lands purchased in 1809, called the "Twelve Mile Pur- chase," were settled rather slowly. A few settlements were commenced before the lands were surveyed. But during the war few ventured far beyond the older settlements. IS ot with-

76 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

standing forts and block-houses were built for the protection of the inhabitants, many, especially those in the more sparsely settled places, left their new homes, and removed to places of greater security. Some took up a temporary abode among the denser population of Wayne township ; others passed the state line into Ohio.

After the series of successes which attended our arms against the British and the Indians, among which was the capture, by Commodore Perry, of the British fleet on Lake Erie in 1813, the Miamis, Pottawattamies, and other tribes, sued for peace with the United States. An armistice was agreed on ; and in July, 1814, a council was held at Green- ville, Ohio, where a treaty of peace was negotiated by Gen. AVm. H. Harrison and Gov. Lewis Cass, commissioners on the part of the United. States. There were present at this council about 4,000 souls, chiefly Miamis, "Weas, Delawares, Shawnees, and "Wyandots.

To the incidents connected with the war of 1812, related in the foregoing pages, it is deemed proper to add, that this war was a source of much trouble to the Friends. They were much harassed on account of their refusal to do military duty. Some were repeatedly drafted and fined ; and their property was sold at an enormous sacrifice to pay the fines. A valuable wagon, for instance, was sold at auction for five dollars, and various other kinds of property in about the same proportion. Four young men were imprisoned in the county jail in winter; and to extort from them a promise of compliance, fire was denied them. Their suft'erings must have been intolerable but for the partial relief aflbrded by Dr. David F. Sacket, the county Recorder, and Jesse Bond, then living where Earlham College now is ; the former hand- ing hot bricks through the grates, and the latter blankets. "Suits," says Judge Hoover, "were subsequently brought against the officers for false imprisonment. The trials were had in Brookville, in Franklin county. They all recovered damages ; but I have every reason to believe that the whole of the damages and costs was paid out of moneys extorted from others of the Friends. To cap the climax of absurdity and outrage, the gentlemen officers arrested an old man

CONDITION OF THE SETTLERS AFTER THE WAR. 77

named Jacob Elliott, and tried him by a court-martial for treason, found him guilty, and sentenced him to be shot! but gave him a chance to run away in the dark, they firing oti" their guns at the same time." Many other instances of cruelty to these people might be given.

Condition of the Settlers after the War.

Peace ended the Indian alarms, but it did not bring pros- perity to the settlers. They returned to their lands and re- sumed their labors; but their struggles against poverty were not ended. They were remote from market; consequently goods were high and farmers' produce was low. The day-books of an early merchant in Kichmond, embracing the years from 1818 to 1822, show the following prices :

Philip Harter, the early tavern keeper, stands charged with cotton yarn at $1 per lb.; brown shirting, 43|- cents per yard; John McLane, by J. Albertson, 1 handsaw, $3 ; 2 pr. butt hinges, at 50c. Cornelius Ratcliff", 1 lb. powder, 62Jc. ; 5 lbs. shot, at 18fc.; 1 skimmer, 37ic. Stephen Cox, 3 yds. steam loom shirting, at 62|c, Francis Clark, 27 lbs. iron, at 14c. "We find tea charged at $2.50 per lb. ; pepper, at 75c. ; powder, 75c.; 1 set knives and forks, $3.75 ; 1 quart measure, [tin,] 31jc. ; 1 pint measure, 18|c. ; window glass, [7 by 9 in those days,] 10 cents per light; knitting needles, 12ic. [per set, probably ;] a Jews' harp, 12|c. ; calico, at 50c. ; 1 bot. opodel- doc, 50c. Adam Boyd, the early wagon maker and justice, is charged to camphor at 37|c. per ounce ; Nathan Hockett, to ginger, at 75c. per lb., and 2 oz. assafoetida, at 25c. per ounce.

Clerks and bookkeepers, in these later days of "business colleges," would, we imagine, be not a little puzzled to reckon, carry out, and foot up bills or lists of goods charged at 43|, 37i, 31j, and 18| cents per yard or per pound. And they would perhaps wonder why these fractional prices were ever affixed to articles of any kind. The young reader will find the difficulty attending the old mode of reckoning greatly dimin- ished, if he should call 43f cent, 3s. 6d. ; 37| cents, 3s. ; 31 J cents, 2s. 6d.; 18| cents, Is. 6d. ; 12J cents, Is.; 6^ cents, 6d., as in those states where the dollar was 8s. The Spanish silver coin, consisting of the dollar, half-dollar, quarter, eighth, and six- teenth, was well adapted to the custom of those times. For

76

HISTORY OF AYAYNE COUNTY.

standing forts and block-bouses were built for tbe protection of tbe inbabitants, many, especially tbose in tbe more sparsely settled places, left tbeir new bomes, and removed to 'places of greater security. Some took up a temporary abode among tbe denser population of Wayne townsbip ; otbers passed tbe state line into Obio.

After tbe series of successes wbicb attended our arms against tbe Britisb and tbe Indians, among wbicb was tbe capture, by Commodore Perry, of tbe Britisb fleet on Lake Erie in 1813, tbe Miamis, Pottawattamies, and otber tribes, sued for peace witb tbe United States. An armistice was agreed on ; and in July, 1814, a council was beld at Green- ville, Obio, wbere a treaty of peace was negotiated by Gen. Wm. H. Harrison and Gov. Lewis Cass, commissioners on tbe part of tbe United States. Tbere were present at tbis council about 4,000 souls, cbiefly Miamis, Weas, Delawares, Sbawnees, and Wyandots.

To tbe incidents connected witb tbe war of 1812, related in tbe foregoing pages, it is deemed proper to add, tbat tbis war was a source of mucb trouble to tbe Friends. Tbey were mucb barassed on account of tbeir refusal to do military duty. Some were repeatedly drafted and fined ; and tbeir property was sold at an enormous sacrifice to pay tbe fines. A valuable wagon, for instance, was sold at auction for five dollars, and various otber kinds of property in about tbe same proportion. Four young men were imprisoned in tbe county jail in winter; and to extort from tbem a promise of compliance, fire was denied tbem. Tbeir suff'erings must bave been intolerable but for tbe partial relief aftbrded by Dr. David F. Sacket, tbe county Recorder, and Jesse Bond, tben living wbere Earlbam College now is ; tbe former band- ing bot bricks tbrougb tbe grates, and tbe latter blankets. "Suits," says Judge Hoover, "were subsequently brougbt against tbe ofiicers for false imprisonment. Tbe trials were bad in Brookville, in Franklin county. Tbey all recovered damages ; but I bave every reason to believe tbat tbe wliole of tbe damages and costs was paid out of moneys extorted from otbers of tbe Friends. To cap tbe climax of absurdity and outrage, tbe gentlemen ofiicers arrested an old man

CONDITION OF THE SETTLERS AFTER THE WAR.

77

named Jacob Elliott, and tried him by a court-martial for treason, found him guilty, and sentenced him to be shot! but gave him a chance to run away in the dark, they firing oti" their guns at the same time." Many other instances of cruelty to these people might be given.

Condition of the Settlers after the War.

Peace ended the Indian alarms, but it did not bring pros- perity to the settlers. They returned to their lands and re- sumed their labors; but their straggles against poverty were not ended. They were remote from market; consequently goods were high and farmers' produce was low. The day-books of an early merchant in Kichmond, embracing the years from 1818 to 1822, show the following prices :

Philip Harter, the early tavern keeper, stands charged with cotton yarn at %l per lb.; brown shirting, 43| cents per yard; John McLane, by J. Albertson, 1 handsaw, $3 ; 2 pr. butt hinges, at 50c. Cornelius Ratcliff, 1 lb. powder, 62|c. ; 5 lbs. shot, at 18;2c.; 1 skimmer, 37 Jc. Steplien Cox, 3 yds. steam loom shirting, at 62ic. Francis Clark, 27 lbs. iron, at 14c. We find tea charged at $2.50 per lb.; pepper, at 75c.; powder, 75c.; 1 set knives and forks, $3.75 ; 1 quart measure^ [tii^»] 31ic. ; 1 pint measure, 18|c. ; window glass, [7 by 9 in those days,] 10 cents per light; knitting needles, 12|c. [per set, probably;] a Jews' harp, 12|c. ; calico, at 50c. ; 1 bot. opodel- doc, 50c. Adam Boyd, the early wagon maker and justice, is charged to camphor at 37|^c. per ounce ; Nathan Hockett, to ginger, at 75c. per lb., and 2 oz. assafcetida, at 25c. per ounce.

Clerks and bookkeepers, in these later days of "business colleges," would, we imagine, be not a little puzzled to reckon, carry out, and foot up bills or lists of goods charged at 43|, 37J, 31J, and 18f cents per yard or per pound. And they would perhaps wonder why these fractional prices were ever affixed to articles of any kind. The young reader will find the difficulty attending the old mode of reckoning greatly dimin- ished, if he should call 43| cent, 3s. 6d. ; 37J cents, 3s. ; 31 J cents, 2s. 6d.; 18| cents, Is. 6d.; 12J cents, Is.; 6i cents, 6d., as in those states where the dollar was 8s. The Spanish silver coin, consisting of the dollar, half-dollar, quarter, eighth, and six- teenth, was well adapted to the custom of those times. For

78 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

example : 4 ycls. cloth, at 3s. 6d,, would cost 14s.,=$1.75 ; 6 yds. calico, at 2s. 6d., 15s.,=.$1.87J; 4 lbs. shot, at Is. 6d. 6s.;=75 cents.

But the high prices of merchants' goods were but one-half of the farmer's misfortune; he had to sell the products of his farm proportionally as much lower than farmers now do, as farmers then paid higher for goods. The low prices of farm products at a very early day have been already stated. But they continued many years. Samuel K. Boyd, about the year 1826, started with a drove of hogs from Jacksonburg for Cin- cinnati. He left them at Hamilton, and went to Cincinnati, to contract a sale. He was offered but 60 cents per 100 lbs., dressed. Unwilling to sell at that price, he drove his hogs home, fed them two months longer, butchered them, and sold the pork for 80 cents a hundred. At another time he went with a four-horse team, taking 16 barrels of flour, the empty barrels having cost 62J cents. He sold the flour with the bar- rels for about 90 cents a barrel. He once went after a load of merchants' goods, and took for loading down about 1,000 pounds of corn meal, which he could not sell at all. He was about to throw it into the river, but concluded to give it to the poor, and actually peddled it about town among those willing to accept it as a gift. And he sold wheat in Kichmond, at a still later date, for 33J- cents a bushel. Lewis Burk, in 1830, bought 500 bushels of corn for |50.

In some families, more flax and tow linen was made than was wanted for summer wear, and the remainder was exchanged at the stores for calico or some other kinds of cotton cloth, to make dresses for women to wear to meeting, or for other necessaries. Many men, as well as their wives and children, went barefoot in summer. To procure their salt, several neighbors would join in sending a wagon to Cincinnati in the fall, carrying maple sugar, deer skins, raccoon skins, oats, etc., and perhaps a little money, and returning with a load, chiefly of salt, intended for the year's supply. The journey was made in about ten days, sometimes in a week.

The price of labor was nominally 25 to 30 cents a day, and of corn 10 to 12 cents a bushel. But even at these prices they did not bring money. When wheat was about ripe on the Miami, companies of men would be seen going on foot

CONDITION OP THE SETTLERS AFTER THE WAR. 79

to Butler Co., Ohio, where harvest hamls were paid 50 to 62h cents a day. This, considering the distance to be traveled and the shortness of the harvesting season, was earning money dearly. Times at length changed for the better. Cincinnati became a market for fat hogs and cattle, w^hich w^ere sent thither in droves. And about the year 1830, mer- chants in some of the towns began to buy pork for packing, and farmers were hired to transport the meat to market, and returned wdth merchants' goods ; and thus paid in part for family necessaries.

But besides supporting their families, their lauds were to be 2)aid for. Lands were at lirst bought principally on time. The price was $2 per acre. A person could "enter" a quarter section [160 acres] by paying §80 ; the remainder to be paid in sums of $80 j^early. If the wdiole w^ere not paid in five years, the claim was forfeited. The land w^as not liable to taxation before the expiration of the five years. As Congress sold to no person less than a quarter section, poor men joined in the purchase, and divided the land. During the hard times that succeeded the war of 1812, in consequence of the depreciation of paper money and other causes, many w^ere unable to make further payments, and forfeited their lands. For the relief of such. Congress passed an act making the certificate of entrance receivable on the land it covered, or on other Congress land. By a later act, the price of laud was reduced to $1.25 per acre, cash. Another act allowed the division of quarter sections into half-quarters, or lots of 80 acres each ; so that, with a certificate for the payment of $80, and $20 in cash, a person could buy 80 acres. This enabled some to save their homes and improvements. Others, unable to raise the $20, lost their lands. Speculators, finding that certificates were transferable, taking advantage of the necessity of these poor settlers, bought their certificates at a large discount. Tw^o or more persons were sometimes gathering money to buy the same piece of land, wdiicli, if it became known, w^ould cause a race to the land oifice at Cin- cinnati, to secure the laud. Some wdio had saved one-half of the land they had entered, and W' ere striving hard to pay for the other half, were defeated by men who had gone to the land ofiice and got possession of it.

80 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

CIVIL HISTORY.

Formation and Organization of Wayne County.

Wayne County was formed in 1810. It was composed of that part of Dearborn county lying east of the Twelve Mile Purchase and between the north and south lines of the new county, together with that portion of the Purchase lying be- tween those lines. The strip west of the Purchase was not ac- quired until about the year 1820. The county business was done by the county judges, who were Peter Fleming, Aaron Martin, and Jeremiah Meek. George Hunt was clerk; John Turner, sheriff"; and James l^oble, prosecuting-attorney.

The first court was held February 25, 1811, at the house of Richard Rue, three miles south of Richmond. No judicial business seems to have been done at this court. The court divided the county into two, districts or townships, and ap- pointed officers for them. For the first district, David Rails- back and John Shaw were appointed overseers of the poor; Abraham Gaar, John Collins, and Lewis Little, fence viewers. For 'the second district, David Galbraith and George Smith, overseers of the poor ; Wm. Fonts, Nathaniel McClure, and Robert Hill, fence viewers. A committee was also appointed to adjust the accounts of the overseers of the poor, viz: David Carson, Timothy Hunt, Samuel Jobe, Jacob Meek, Elijah Fisher, and George Holman.

The next session of the court was held at the same place, the next month. A grand jury was for the first time im- paneled in the county. The names of the jurors were: Jesse Davenport, David Fonts, Joseph Cox, Charles Wright, John Burk, Wright Lancaster, Robert Galbraith, Isaac Williams, John Smith, Benj. Small, John Townsend, John Burgess, Wm. Blunt, Michael Snider, Peter Weaver, Benj. Harvey, Joshua Meek, John Beard, Benj. Jarvis, James Gordon, Harvey Miller, Lewis Little, Wm. Graham. The court consisted, it is

LOCATION OF COUNTY SEAT. 81

said, of Jesse L. Ilolmaii, circuit judge; Peter Fleming iand Aaron Martin, associates. It is said, also, that the court was held in the woods, and the seats consisted of family chairs and logs; and that the jurors retired for deliberation to logs at a suitable distance. Judge Hoover says, in his Alemoir : " One of the first courts convened under the shade of a tree, Judge Park presiding." The two statements differ as to the presiding judge. Probably they refer to courts held at different times. The names of the jurors, who are said to have sat on the first petty-jury trial, are John Benton, John Drake, John Arm- strong, ISTathaniel Scire, Thomas Bulla, Samuel Hunt, Harvey Druley, David F. Sacket, Joel Ferguson, Benj. Smith, Jesse Davenport.

Location of the County Seat.

The act of the territorial legislature which formed Wayne county in 1810, named John Cox, John Addington, and George Holman, as commissioners to locate the county seat, on or be- fore the first Monday of the following May, and the house of Richard Rue as the place for holding courts until a court- house was completed. The late Dr. Plummer, in his "His- torical Sketch," quotes from John B. Stitt as follows :

" At the June term, 1811, the commissioners a}ipointed by an act of the legislature, having failed to discharge their duty ac- cording to law, in selecting a seat of justice for the county, the court declared their duties ended, and appointed in their stead Samuel Walker, Richard Maxwell, and Benj. Harris."

The natural inference from this statement is, that the first commissioners were chargeable with negligence. A difierent version of this matter, from a reliable source, is as follows :

Richard Rue and Ephraim Overman were members of the territorial legislature of 1810, from the county of Dearborn, of which the present county of Wayne formed a part. There were then but three counties in the territory, Knox, Clark, and Dearborn. Residing within the limits of the present county of Wayne, these gentlemen were active in support of the act authorizing its formation. The commissioners to locate the county seat were John Addington, George Holman, and John Cox. The law prescribing their duties and fixing the time and

82 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

the place of their meeting, did not reach the court, then held at Rue's, until about a month after its publication. On its recep- tion, the commissioners were promptly notified to meet. They appeared and were qualified, and proceeded to the discharge of their duties.

Instructed by the act to fix the county seat near the geographi- cal center, Addington and Holman designated a quarter section about three-fourths of a mile north of the present town of Cen- terville. Cox dissented, alleging that they were not authorized to select land not yet sold by the Government; though it had been advertised for sale in the coming October. The court sus- tained the views of the minority, refused to receive the report, and appointed three other commissioners, as above stated, who reported, "That the permanent seat of justice is and shall be on the donation of Samuel Woods of 65 acres in the 13th township, range 3d, with a small reserve." And the court ordered, " that the town in Wayne, or the seat of justice, shall be called Salisbury." Smith Hunt, Samuel Woods, and James Brown were appointed trustees to lay off the lots, and Andrew Woods and John Meek, Sen., to superintend the building of a jail and an estray pen.

This action of the court was denounced by the friends of the central location. The land being within the bounds of the county as fixed by the law of the state, they regarded the ob- jection that the unsold lands were out of the jurisdiction of the court, as utterly invalid, and the decision as a flagrant out- rage. A paper was circulated to take the sense of the citizens in respect to the legality of the action of the court, designed to be presented to the court. The result showed 330 in favor of the report of the legislative committee, and 150 approving the action of the court.

A log court-house for temporary use, and a jail of hewed, square logs, were built, and were soon followed by a brick court-house.

Salisbury having now become an incorporated town — the earliest in the county — and its citizens having secured — per- manently, as they supposed — the public buildings, they an- ticipated a long and prosperous career. In this, however, they were disappointed. Efitbrts were soon made for the removal

OUGANIZATION OF TOWXSHIPS. 83

of tbe county seat to Centerville. lu the midst of the bitter strife between tbe Salisbury and Centerville parties, originating with the action of the court before mentioned, and lasting several years, an act was passed, in 1816, authorizing the re- moval of the county seat to Centerville ; provided, however, that the citizens furnish, without expense to the county, public buildings as good, and of the same dimensions, as those at Salisbury.

After the removal of the county seat, Salisbury was rapidly deserted. The few frame and brick buildings were taken down, and some of them moved to Richmond. The bricks in the building on the south-east corner of Main and Pearl streets, known as Ham's corner, were formerly in the court-house at Salisbury. There remains nothing on the site indicating that a town was ever there. The ground on which it stood is now a part of the farm of Enoch Railsback.

The early records of the county are incomplete ; and none are to be found of a date earlier than 1812. The claims allowed that year for w^olf scalps amounted to the sum of §12.75, the bounty being $1 each. In 1813, the amount was §13. Among the names of persons receiving wolf bounties, were those of Robert Morrisson and George Shugart.

The receipts into the treasury in 1815 were as follows : For town lots, §34.68. Store licenses, §86.86. Tax on horses, $7.39. Slaves, §20. Men of color, §15. First rate lands, §23.59; second rate, §292.63; third rate, $53.34. Total, §1,265.10, not including fines for breaches of the peace, assault and battery, swearing, etc., which were lodged in the hands of the sheriff and clerk. In 1816, wolf claims amounted to §84.

Organization of Toimiships.

The first Constitution of the State of Indiana was adopted in 1816. Certain duties which had been performed by the county judges, were by the constitution devolved upon a board of county commissioners. The first board, composed of Thomas J. Warman, James Odell, and Thomas Beard, met in Febru- ary, 1817.

The commissioners laid oft" the following six townships, which then composed the county :

Washington, in the south-west corner of the county; elec-

84 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

tion to be held at Waterloo. Harrison, east of Washingtoi], to the Ohio state line; election at John Williams's. Jackson, north of Washington ; election at Jacksonburg. Wayne, east of Jackson, to the state line; election at Thomas Lamb's. Perry, north-west part of the county. 'New Garden, east of Perry, to the state line. Elections were to be held in June, for the election of justices of the peace in the several townships.

The commissioners appointed for the several townships the following officers :

Inspectors of Elections — Train Caldwell, Washington ; Renne Julian, Jackson; Abraham Elliott, Perry; Benj. Harris, New Garden ; John Stewart, Wayne ; Joseph Cox, Harrison. Con- stables— Peason Davis, Washington; Samuel D. Lothian, Jackson; John Bailey, son of Hugh, Perr}'; John Whitehead, Harrison; Thomas T. Lewis, Wayne; Tense Massey, Kew Garden. Listers — Stephen Grifiith, Washington; Major Dod- son, Harrison; Ezekiel Leavel, Jackson; Henry Hoover, Wayne; Pleasant Harris, New Garden. County Treasurer — John Beard.

At the meeting in May, the commissioners fixed the rates of tavern-keepers' charges as follows: For a meal, 25 cents; lodging, 6J ; Cognac brandy, rum, or wine, | pint, 50 ; whisky, I pt., 12|; cider, qt., 12|; strong beer, qt., 25; horse, night, bay and grain, 50; hay only, 25; single feed, 12|. These rates were altered from time to time. In 1820, lodging was judged worth 12|^ cents. Peach brandy was added to the Hquor list at 25 cents the J pint, just one-half the price of the imported liquors. And in 1822, the price of a meal had fallen to 18| cents; whisky to 6Jc., and peach brandy to 12Jc., the 1^ pint. Some young readers may wonder why these fractional parts of a cent were annexed to the price of an article, and how, in paying for it, the exact "change" could be given. Those wishing to know are referred to those who lived when the circulating coin consisted chiefly of the Spanish silver dol- lar, half-dollar, quarter, eighth, and sixteenth. Or, let them divide 100 cents by 2, 4, 8, and 16, and they need make no in- quiry.

John C. Kibbey was " appointed to clear the old court-house, hang the doors, and keep the same in repair;" and John C.

LOCATION OF COUNTY SEAT — AGAIN. 85

Kibbey and John Sutherland were continued "commissioners to superintend the building of the court-house in the town of Salisbury with the same authority they had by virtue of their appointment by the court of the county."

In August, 1817, the commissioners met for the last time at Salisbury. It was " ordered, by James Odell and Thomas Beard, that the board adjourn to Centerville ; the other com- missioner, Thomas J. Warman, dissenting, on the ground of the invalidit}^ of the papers acce[>ted at the special meeting in July, and executed by the citizens of Centerville, conveying the count}- grounds and buildings; the conditions of the law authorizing the removal of the site not having, in his opinion, been complied with. At the meeting of Odell and Beard, at Centerville, a new bond was executed, signed by twenty-one citizens, binding themselves to furnish the 'county a court- house equal in value and convenience to the one then at Salis- bury. Their names were, Joseph Holman, Wm. Sumner, Isaac Julian, Levi Jones, John Maxwell, Lewis Thomas, Xa- than Overman, Patrick Beard, James Jenkins, Larkin Rey- nolds, AYm. Harvey, Wm. Hosier, Greenbury Cornelius, John Harvey, Francis Culbertson, Jacob K Booker, Shubael Julian, Thomas Jones, Jeremiah Meek, David Galbraith, Robert Cul- bertson, Jacob Griffin, Jesse Ross, David J. Wood, Samuel King. [Robert Galbraith's name does not appear among the signatures.]

In the spring of 1818, the court was held at Centerville. The next year the question was brought before the court whether Salisbury or Centerville was the county seat. Sa3's Dr. Plummer : " Ttie presiding judge, John Watts, was ab- sent. The associate judges, William McLane and Jesse Daven- port, were of the opposite opinion in this matter. Their de- cision was, 'that the seat of justice was permanently estab- lished at Salisbury; that the act of December 21, 1816, not having a sufficient repealing clause, has not removed it; but that the act of January 28, 1816, authorized the court to hold their pro tempore session in the town of Centerville, until the legislature should otherwise direct.'" As the legislature has never otherwise directed, the legal county seat, according to the decision of these judges, must still be at Salisbury !

Ob HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

At a meeting of the commissioners as late as 1820, August term, opposition to Centerville was manifested. Julian and Harris voted to adjourn to Centerville, Enos Grave dissented, and entered his protest on the record, on the ground that the law of December 21, 1816, had not been complied with, and that consequently the seat of justice remained at Salisbury; and he did not sign the proceedings of the commissioners. "Wm. Sumner produced a deed for the public square in Center- ville. The commissioners accepted the court-house as com- pleted, deeming the removal act to have been fully complied with by the trustees of Centerville.

WAYNE COUNTY OFFICIAL EEGISTEE.

County Commissioners.

Prior to the adoption of the Constitution of 1816, duties now devolved upon the board of county commissioners, were per- formed by the county judges. The first board held its first session at Salisbury, and was composed of Thomas J. War- man, James Odell, and Thomas Beard. The term of office was three years, and one commissioner was to be elected every year. Hence the first commissioners were required so to class them- selves as that one should serve for one year, another for two years, and the other for three years, that thereafter one should be annually elected. Thomas Beard was drawn for one year; James Odell for two years ; and Thomas J. Warman for three years. In the following list|the names of new members only, and the years they respectively canae into office, are given. If in any year the name of no incoming member appears, it may be presumed that some one had been re-elected :

Thomas Beard, James Odell, Thomas J. Wai-man, came into office in 1817; Enos Grave, in the place of Beard, in 1818. Later, the same year, Beale Butler, (probably in the place of Odell, resigned.) Isaac Julian, 1819. Benjamin Harris, 1820. John Jones, 1821. Peter Johnson, 1822. William Sumner, 1823.

In 1824, a board, composed of justices of the peace from the several townships, was substituted for the commissioners; one of the justices being chosen by the board as president.

WAYNE COUNTY OFFICIAL REGISTEK. 87

In 1824, Barnabas McManus was president. In the same year, Daniel Fraley, Jonathan Platts, Lot Bloomfield — some of them probably as presi- dent pro tern. In 1826, Lot Bloomfield, Asa M. Sherman. In 1828, Samuel Hannah.

The office of commissioner having been restored, Jonathan Platts, Jesse Willetts, and Daniel Eeid came into office in 1829. Achilles Will- iams, 1831. Jonathan Platts, 1832. John Bishop, 1833. Gabriel Newby, 1835. Philip Saville, 1836. Daniel P. Wiggins, 1837. Thomas McCoy, 1838. Daniel Bradbury, Daniel Clark, 1839. David Commons, 1840. Larkin Thornburgh, 1841. Joseph M. Bulla, 1843. Daniel Sinks, 1845. William Elliott, 1847. Thomas Tyner, Dillon Haworth, 1848. Daniel B. Crawford, 1849. Ezra Scoville, John Stigleman, 1850. John H. Hutton, 1852. Andrew Nicholson, 1854. John H. Hutton, 1855. Edmund Law- rence, 1856. Jonathan Baldwin, 1857. Daniel B. Crawford, 1861. Oliver T. Jones, 1863. Isaac A. Pierce, 1865. Andress S. Wiggins, 1868. Will- iam Brooks, 1870.

County Judges.

Wayne county was organized in 1810 ; and on the 18th of December, Peter Fleming, Aaron Martin, and Jeremiah Meek were appointed judges of the county court, and George Hunt, clerk, who held the office several years.

March 25, 1812, William Harland was appointed a .judge. Jan. 3, 1814, Peter Fleming, first judge, Aaron Martin and Jeremiah Meek, judges. April 4, 1815, Josiah Davidson, associate, in place of Judge Mar- tin, resigned. June 12, 1815, David Hoover.

Appointments after the adoption of the state constitution of 1816, were made as follows :

March, 1817, Jesse Davenport, Wm. McLane. February, 1824, John Jones, John Scott. Aug., 1829, Caleb Lewis, Beale Butler. In 1830, Beale Butler, Asa M. Sherman. March, 1837, Jesse Williams. Feb., 1839, David Hoover. March, 1842, James E. Mendenhall. Aug., 1S45, John Beard. Aug., 1848, Abner M. Bradbury.

By the constitution of 1850, a change was made in the judiciary of the state, as will appear from the following list of officers :

Common Pleas and District Judges.

Nimrod H. Johnson, judge of Wayne Com. Pleas, Oct., 1852. Wm. P. Benton, Com. Pleas, Oct., 1856. Jeremiah Wilson, Judge of 6th Judicial District, Oct., 1860. John F. Kibbey, March, 1865; re-elected in 1868; and is now in office.

Judges of the Criminal Circuit Court. Wm. A. Peelle, appointed by the Governor, April, 1867. Nimrod H. Johnson, Oct., 1867; died in office. George Holland, appointed May 10, 1869, and afterward elected; term expires Oct., 1876.

88 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

Presiding Judges.

Elijah Sparks, 1815. James Noble, June, 1815. Jesse L. Holman, March, 1816. John Test, March, 1817. John Watts, Feb., 1819. Miles C. Eggleston, March, 1820. Charles H. Test, Feb., 1830. Samuel Bigger, March, 1836. James Perry, Nov., 1840. Jehu T. Elliott, March, 1844. Oliver P. Morton, judge C. C, March, 1852. Joseph Anthony, judge C. C, March, 1853. Jeremiah Smith, judge C. C, March, 1855. Jehu T. El- liott, judge C. C, March, 1856. Silas Colegrove, judge C. C, Feb., 1865. Jacob Haynes, judge C. C, elect; term commences Feb., 1872.

Clerks of Courts.

George Hunt, March, 1815. David Hoover, Sept., 1819. Samuel Han- nah, March, 1831. John Finley, March, 1838. Thomas G. Noble, March, 1845. Andrew F. Scott, March, 1852. Solomon Meredith, March, 1860. Samuel B. Schlagle, March, 1864; died in office. Moses D. Leeson, ap- pointed Jan., 1866. Wm. W. Dudley, 1868; now in office.

Sheriffs of Wayiie County.

John Turner, March 4, 1815. Elijah Fisher, Dec. 25, 1818. Abraham Elliott, Sept. 3, 1819. Elias Willetts, Oct. 22, 1821. Samuel Hannah, Oct. 22, 1S23. Wm. McLane, Feb., 1826. Jacob R. Fisher, Aug. 28, 1829. John Whitehead, Aug. 28, 1830. Solomon Meredith, Aug. 28, 1834. Thomas G. Noble, Aug. 28, 1838. William Baker, Aug. 28, 1842. David Gentry, Aug. 28, 1844. William Baker, 1848. John C. Page, Nov. 4, 1852.' Jesse T. Williams, Nov. 12, 1856. Joseph L. Stidham, Nov. 13, 1858. John M. Paxson,- Nov. 12, 1862. Jacob S. Ballenger, Nov. 13, 1866. Wm. H. Study, Nov. 12, 1870.

Auditors.

Office established under the constitution of 1850. Francis King; Thomas Adams. Benj. L. Martin, Nov. 1, 1855. Sylvester Johnson, Nov. 1, 1863. Elihu M. Parker, Nov. 1, 1871.

Recorders.

David F. Sackett; James Woods. Henry Beitzell, March 19, 1852. Theodore J. Riley, March 18, I860. Jonathan R. Whitacre, March, 1864. Jesse E. Jones, term to commence March, 1872.

Treasurers.

Jason Ham, came into office, 1841. Achilles Williams, 1844. Wm. W. Lynde, Aug. 18, 1853. Christy B. Huff, Aug. 13, 1859. Henry B. Rupe, Aug. 13, 1863. John Sim, Oct. 30, 1867.

WAYNE COUNTY OFFICIAL REGISTER. 89

Justices of the Peace.

Prior to the adoption of the state constitution of 1816, all judges and justices of the peace were appointed and commis- sion.ed by the Governor. In October, 1809, the year before the formation of Wayne county, Jeremiah Meek, Jesse Davenport, John Ireland, Abraham Elliott, and John Cox were appointed justices of the peace for Dearborn county. After the organ- ization of Wayne county, David Hoover, John Ireland, and Jesse Davenport were appointed justices for this county. Probably other appointments were made before the state gov- ernment under the constitution of 1816 was formed, after which justices were elected by the people in their respective townships.

It has been impossible to find a complete record of tlie jus- tices of the county since its organization. The following in- complete list is taken from the county records. The names of the townships in which tliey were respectively chosen, do not appear on the records.

The number of the year given is that in which the term of office commenced :

1817 — Isaac Julian, Isaac Estep, J. Flint, Jolin Xelson, Adam Boj-d, John Marshall, Ira Hunt, John McLane. 1818 — Jacob Hoover. 1820 — Josiali Bradbury, Jacob N. Booker. 1823— Samuel Taylor. 1824— Eli Wright, Wm. Brown, John Finley. 1825 — Richard L. Leeson, Levi Wil- letts, Joseph Personett, Wm. Elliott, Lot Bloomfield, Andrew Carrington, (prolDably.) 1826— Edward Starbuck, Daniel Clark, Benj. F. Beeson. 1827 — Jesse Allison, S. G. Sperry, Eleazar Smith, Richard Henderson, Wm. Rupey. 1828 — Jesse Williams, Edmund Jones, Elijah Lacey, Absalom Cornelius, Jesse Willetts, John Stigleman, Jonathan Platts, John D. Rob- ertson, James Wickersham. 1829 — Isaiah Osborn, James P. Antrim, Joseph Curtis, Wm. Wright, James Beeson, Daniel Strattan, Abner M. Bradbury, George Springer, Jehiel R. Lamson, Benj. Beeson, James P. Burgess, Lewis R. Strong, Lot Day, Abi'aham Jefferis. 1830 — James Baxter, John M. Addleman, Rice Wharton, Wm. SwafFord, Joseph Flint. 1831 — John Brady, Samuel Johnson, Edward Starbuck, Rice Wharton, Jesse Osborn, Preserved L. W. McKee. 1832 — Jonathan Platts, John Bradbury, Samuel G. Sperry, Thomas Cooper. 1834 — Absalom Wright, Corbin Jackson, Joseph Curtis, Abraham Cuppy, Wm. Lambert, Jacob Brooks, Richard Jobes. 1848 — George Develin, David Cornelius, Edward Wiley, Miles Marshall, Edward C. Lemon, Richard Jobes, John McLucas, Ithamar Beeson. 1849 — Thomas AVilson, Alfred Moore.

90 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

NEWSPAPERS.

The early history of newspapers in the county is given by Dr. John T. Pluramer in his " Historical Sketch " published in 1857. As he came to Richmond before the first paper printed in Eichmond was discontinued, he wrote from personal knowleda^e. His sketch, therefore, is resrarded as the most re- liable source of information, and contains the substance of the following history of newspapers in Richmond to the date of his book.

J^eiospajjers in Richmond.

The first newspaper published in Richmond was the Bich- mond Weekly Intelligencer. Dr. Plumraer says he had no means of ascertaining when it was begun, but a number was certainly published so early as December 29, 1821. The printing oflice was on Eront street, south of Main. Its editor was Elijah Lacey, who had associated with him as publisher John Scott, afterward judge, and editor of the Western Emporium, pub- lished at Centerville. It was discontinued, he says, in 1824.

The second paper was the Public Ledger., the first number of which was dated March 6, 1824. Its first editor and pub- lisher was Edmund S. Buxton, until JSTovember 11, 1825, when it was brought under the firm of Buxton & Walling, and by them continued about a year. It then passed into the hands of Samuel B. Walling, the late-named partner, [1826,] and was discontinued in June, 1828. It was printed in a small one-story frame house on lot 2, Smith's addition.

A third paper, the Richmond Palladium, was commenced January 1, 1831, by Nelson Boon, who conducted it but six months, when it passed into the hands of Thomas J. Larsh, and was conducted by him eighteen mouths ; next by David P. HoUoway one year; by Fiuley & Holloway two years; by John Einley one year. It then [Jan. 1837] passed to David P. Holloway and Benj. W. Davis, by whom, under the firm of Holloway & Davis, it has been continued to the present time,

NEWSPAPERS IN EICHMOND. 91

though edited chiefly for the last ten years by Davis, his part- ner having been during this time at the city of Washington.

The Jeffej^sonianwas estabhshed in 1836 by an association of Democrats called " Hickory Club," and edited principally by Samuel E. Perkins, afterward a judge of the Supreme Court, and one Talcott, a young lawyer. In the fall of 1837, Lynde Elliott purchased the establishment, and published and edited the paper until 1839, when its publication was suspended, and the printing materials became the property of Daniel Reid. In tlie same year, Samuel E. Perkins bought the property of Reid, and revived the Jeffersovian, which he edited and pub- lished till 1840, when James Elder became its proprietor, by whom it was published until 1804, from which time its publi- cation was for several years suspended. In 1870, Mr. Elder revived the paper, or rather, perhaps, established a new one, entitled Democratic Herald, which, in 1871, was purchased by Wm. Thistlethwaite, its present proprietor.

The Indiana Farmer was commenced, in 1851, by Ilolloway & Dennis, and was soon discontinued.

The Broad Axe of Freedom was established in 1855, by Jam- ison & Johnson, journeymen printers in the Palladium oihce. It soon changed hands, and, by a succession of proprietors, it was continued until the close of 1864, when the press and type were purchased by Isaac H. Julian, and the paper merged in the Indiana True Bejjublican, previously published by Mr. Julian at Centerville, and removed by him to Richmond, Jan. 1, 1865, when its name was changed to Indiana Radical. It is still published by him.

The Lily, previously published in New York city by Amelia Bloomer, was transplanted in Richmond, in 1854, and was continued by Mary E. Birdsall, a few years, and subsequently, for a short time, by Mary F. Thomas, at present a physician in Richmond.

The Independent Press was commenced by Geo. 'W. Wood, in 1861. It was issued as a daily three months, and weekly about six months. In 1862, Calvin R. Johnson, Thomas L. Baylies, and Robert H. Howard, bought the Press and started The Telegram, July 4, 1862. In the fall of 1863, Johnson retired, and Baylies about six months after. Howard continued it until

92 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

1867, after which Dr. James W. Salter published it about a year and a half, and sold it to Alfred Gr. Wilcox, who took into partnership James M. Coe. After about six months, Daniel Surface, from Cincinnati, became a partner; and the proprietors assumed the name of the Telegram Company, under which name it is still published by Messrs. Surface and Coe, Mr. Wilcox having retired soon after the company was formed. Mr. Surface, since his first connection with the paper, has been its editor.

The Humming Bird was started by J. E. Avery & Co., May 5, 1866. It was sold a few months after to A. J. Strickland, from whom it passed, in March, 1867, to Crawley & Maag. In August, 1869, Crawley retired, and Maag has since been its sole proprietor.

A small quarto literary paper, called the Family Schoolmaster, was commenced in Richmond, March, 1839, by Ilolloway & Davis, and ended with its 34th number.

Newspapers at Center ville.

In the year 1824, John Scott, who had been associated with Elijah Lacey in publishing the Weekly Intelligencer in Rich- mond, commenced the publication of the Western Emporium at Centerville. How long it was published, we are not in- formed. Scott subsequently committed suicide by hanging himself, at Logansport.

In or about the year 1832, the Western Times was started by Septimus Smith. He was a lawyer and for a time probate judge ; a man of literary taste and attainments. He was a brother of the late Oliver II. Smith. Andrew Bulla, son of the late Wm. Bulla, was for a while associated with Mr. Smith in. the publication of the Times. They both died nearly at the same time, of consumption. They were succeeded, it is be- lieved, by J. A. Hall and Giles C. Smith, the latter being then a teacher in the County Seminary, and since a Methodist min- ister. Their successor was Nelson Boon, from Eaton, Ohio. He, too, died soon after, or in the latter part of 1834.

About the year 1835, Samuel C. Meredith started the Peo- ple's Advocate, Democratic in politics, the previous papers hav- ing been very moderately Whig. It was edited for a time by

NEWSPAPERS IN CENTERVILLE. ' 93

James B. Haile, a teaclicr in the Scminaiy. Meredith, linding it did not " pay," changed it to a whig paper under the name of Wayne County Chronicle. It was edited about a year by Elder Samuel K. Hoshour, when, Meredith having removed to Illinois, the paper was succeeded by the National Patriot, owned by somebody " down East," and. edited by Richard. Cole. Not succeeding well in the enterprise, he soon discontinued the publication. He was afterward elected, with another, state printer; and has since been a missionary to Chiua.

Meredith, having returned, began, in 1841, the Wayne County Record. Hampden G. Finch was for a time associate publisher. John B. Stitt became its editor.

Early in 1846, the News Letter, a literary paper, was started by C. B. Bentley, since, and for a long time, conductor of the Brookville Democrat. H. G. Finch soon associated himself with Bentley. Many of its leading articles were for some time writ- ten by George W. Julian. It was continued but about a year.

About this time, a monthly religious publication, called, it is beheved, The Reformer, was issued by Elder Benjamin Franklin. The term of its existence is not mentioned.

In 1848, the Free Territory Sentinel was started as an advo- cate of the Free Soil movement of that year, by R. Vaile and P. Smith. In less than a year its name was changed to the Indiana True Democrat. About the time the Sentinel was started, Meredith having gone to California, the Record be- came the Whig, under the charge of D. B. Woods and Stitt. "Woods being afterward killed in California, a printer named Millington took his place with Stitt for a short time. Meredith returning, he resumed its publication; but after a few months, finding it a losing afiair, he sold out, in 1852, to D. P. Hol- loway, of the Richmond Palladium. At the close of that year, the True Democrat was removed to Indianapolis and took the name of Free Democrat.

Nathan Smith then started the Independent Press, a small paper, which survived but a few months; and Centerville was for about a year without a newspaper.

In April, 1854, Hosea S. Elliott started the Wayne County Journal, and published also the Class Mate, a religious monthly. Both soon died. The Weekly Chronicle was then started by R.

94 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

J. Strickland and G. "W. B. Smith, and continued to June, 1858, when they sold out to W. C. Moreau, who bought a new press and started the True Bepublican. In about three months he sold out to Isaac H. Julian, who, as has been elsewhere stated, removed it to Richmond. [See p. 91.]

In 1859, R. J. Strickland commenced a new paper, (or re- vived the old one,) under the name of Wayne Chronicle, which was published at intervals, until 1863, when it was removed to Cambridge City.

ANTISLAYERY HISTORY.

Log Convention; its Results.

Although the early settlers of this county were principally from slave states, the antislavery sentiment strongly predom- inated. They were mostly of the Society of Friends, a people who were generally opposed to slavery. Indeed it was this sentiment that induced many of them to seek homes in a free state. But scarcely three years from the building of the first cabin in the county, the settlers came into conflict with this institution.

The state of Virginia, as has been stated, claimed a right, under the first British charters, to the principal part of the lands south-west of the Ohio river, and emigrants from that state settled very early in the southern border of the territory now composing the state of Indiana. The introduction of slavery into that part of the state, and the attempt to procure the suspension, by an act of Congress, of the antislavery pro- vision of the Ordinance of 1787, have been already noticed. [P. 24.] Hence it was not strange that the friends of slavery should favor the election of a delegate to Congress to repre- sent their views, if occasion should require. In this originated the convention here described.

A meeting called " Log Convention," was held in the summer or fall of 1808, in the south-west quarter of section 17, town- ship 13, range 1 west. [Our venerable informant wishes the place thus particularly designated.] The convention, he says, was

^r^x^^t.

^t-*^^

ANTISLAVERY HISTORY. 95

80 named from the fact, that hair cloth sofas and easy chairs were unknown to the pioneer fathers, who had no softer place on which to rest than the logs in the forests. Notice of the proposed meeting was given at log roUiogs; and at the time appointed, the whole neighborhood appeared on the above- mentioned spot.

After a unanimous denunciation of slavery, the convention, without a dissenting voice, selected George Hunt, conditionally, as their nominee as a delegate to Congress, in opposition to Thomas Randolph, spoken of as the candidate of those then called by the people of this part of the territory, the " southern aristocracy," in the towns of Vincennes, Charleston, and Law- renceburg. The convention also appointed Joseph Holman, then but twenty years of age, as messenger to go down and confer with the settlers on Clark's Grant ; and if their views coincided with the views of those whom he represented, and an acceptable candidate was there nominated, Hunt's name would be withdrawn.

Young Holman prodeeded forthwith on horseback through the "trails" to Charleston; and on his arrival found that a meeting had been held, and Jonathan Jennings had been selected, who had some days before gone to our settlement. Holman remained several days in consultation with the people in that section, and, having found the views there entertained in harmony with those expressed in the log convention, re- turned home. In the meantime, Jennings had made his ap- pearance here, but had met a rather cool reception. He was called by some a "beardless boy," — who "couldn't find his way to Washington;" by others, a "cold potato." At the same time, Gen. Dill, Capt. Vance, and other aristocrats in Randolph's interest, from Lawrenceburg, the county seat, had been here and poisoned the minds of the people against Jen- nings. But finding that Randolph would not do, they substi- tuted Yance as a more available candidate ; and our nominee. Hunt, gave way for him.

Matters were in this condition on the return of Holman. He found the settlers assembled in a little log hut, which Jen- nings had entered by stooping, where he was squat down by the side wall, when Holman entered to report the result of his

96 . HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

mission. Jennings, without any previous introduction, ad- dressed him by name, and asked, " What news from Clark's Grant ?" Holman was surprised, not knowing the man, and did not think proper to tell. One of the company then took Holman outside of the house, who gave a satisfactory account of his mission, and was there told that the beardless youth sit- ting by the door was the nominee of Clark's Grant, who "hadn't sense to take him to Washington." They then re- paired into the hut. The facts having been whispered round, all departed without a word to Jennings, who was treated with a most withering indifference. Holman conferred with his father; and they both concluded they had "got their foot into it," and felt a growing coolness toward Jennings. After talk- ing over the matter awhile, they hailed Jennings, who was some 300 yards ahead, and behind the rest of the party, who had kept aloof from him; and, coming up with him, young Holman showed him his circular, and also the charges against him. Jennings "riddled up" these so effectually, and demon- strated his own merits so clearly, as entirely to dissipate the lukewarmness of the Holnians, and enlist them in his favor; and in a few days young Holman, assisted by Jennings, revolutionized the sentiment of the entire neighborhood. And at the election Jennings received all the votes but one — the vote of the nominee of the log convention. The subsequent career of Jonathan Jennings has given his name a conspicuous place in the history of the state of Indiana.

The Abolition Movement.

Subsequently to this early contest, there seems to have been no special occasion for an expression of the sentiment of the people of this county on the question of slavery, until after the commencement of the abolition movement.

Prior to 1830, (the year not recollected,) Benjamin Lundy established at Baltimore, Md., a paper or periodical, styled, " Genius of Universal Emancipation,'' advocating the abolition of slavery. He was succeeded, either in the publication of the same paper, or a new one, by Wm. Lloyd Garrison. Garrison's antislavery sentiments being obnoxious to the people of that city, his establishment was broken up, and he was for a while

ANTISLAVERY HISTORY. 97

imprisoned. After his release, be established the '■^Liberator''' at Boston. Other papers soon followed in advocating the im- mediate abolition of slavery ; and antislaverj societies began to be formed. The American Antislavery Society was formed in 1833.

The Abolitionists believed with their opponents, that slavery in the states could only be abolished by their respective gov- ernments. Their chief object was, by the discussion of the subject, in all its bearings, social, moral, and political, to con- vince slaveholders that it was their duty, and that it would be for their interest, to abolish slavery. They hoped also, that a general expression of northern sentiment against the institu- tion as morally wrong, might serve to hasten action on the part of the slave states. And aa the power of Congress to abolish slavery in the District of Columbia and the territories of the United States, was generally admitted in the IsTorth, petitions in vast numbers, praying for the exercise of this power, were sent to Congress from all the free states. Town and county societies were formed throughout the North. This movement alarmed as well as exasperated the southern people ; and the excitement soon became general. In the North as well as in the South, meetings were held, and resolutions passed, bit- terly denouncing the abolitionists. Antislavery meetings in many places were broken up by violence, and several anti- slavery presses were demolished.

A majority of Congress being opposed to the objects of the Abolitionists, who continued to send in their petitions for the abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia, and for pro- hibiting the slave trade between the states, the house resolved that such petitions should, on presentation, be laid on the table without being debated, printed, or referred. This action of the house rather increased than allayed agitation ; and petitions were daily ofl'ered as usual — some for the repeal of the "gag resolutions," as they were called.

But as yet there w^as no political antislavery party. The Abolitionists, however, began to vote for candidates in favor of their views without respect to party. The subject of a political organization was soon after agitated ; and in Novem- ber, 1839, at a small meetins: of Abolitionists in Western

90 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

New York, James G. Birney, formerly a slaveholder in Alabama, who had emancipated his slaves and removed to the North, was nominated for President. This party never be- came numerous. A large majority of the Abolitionists refused to join it, believing their object was more likely to be effected by adhering to the original plan of the societies.

In 1848, this party was merged in the Free Soil party, whose object was, in great part, to prevent the formation of slave states from the territory then just acquired from Texas. A national mass convention of the friends of free territory met at Buffalo, in August, 1848, and nominated Martin Van Buren for President, and Charles Francis Adams for Yice-President. The Abolitionists, who had already nominated John P. Hale, of New Hampshire, for President, withdrew their candidate, and supported the new party. But before the next presidential election, nearly all the Whigs and Democrats who had joined this party returned to their respective parties ; and thereafter only a few thousand votes were cast for candidates of an anti- slavery party, until after the organization of the Republican party in 1855.

Richmond Antislavery Society.

When and where the first abolition society in this county was formed, the writer is not informed. At the celebration, in Richmond, of the adoption of the 15th Amendment of the Constitution of the United States, in the spring of 1870, Her- mon B. Payne, Esq., presented a copy of the " Coostitution and Resolutions of the Richmond Antislavery Society, auxiliary to the American Antislavery Society." The paper bears no date; but Mr. Payne believed the society was formed in or about the year 1837.

The constitution asserts the leading principle of the Declara- tion of Independence — that " all men are created equal ;" pledges the efforts of the society to " encourage moral, intel- lectual, and religious improvement among the colored people," but will not countenance attempts to obtain their rights by force of arms. The resolutions assert the right of Congress to abolish slavery in the District of Columbia and in the terri- tories ; disclaim the intention to use any other means than moral influence ; appeal " to the hearts and consciences of slavehold-

ANTISLAVERY HISTORY. yy

ers." Then followed an " Exposition of the American Anti- slavery Society," stating its principles and aims. These prin- ciples were adopted, and nearly fifty names to the paper were obtained. That these societies were instrumental in hastening the abolition of slavery, is now admitted by many -who op- posed them, or questioned their expediency. As many of the next generation may be gratified to see the names of their an- cestors who took an active part in the early efibrts to promote the cause of emancipation, the names of these signers are sub- joined:

John Sailor, Edward B. Quiner, Henry W. Quiner, Wm. H. Brown, Sidney Smith, Frank B. Lovejoy, Ebenezer P. Lovejoy, Daniel S. Campbell, John Phelps, Emeline Phelps, Elizabeth Phelps, Margaret Phelps, David P. Grave, Phineas Grave, [probably meant Pusey Grave,] Gideon Teas, Edwin Smith, Edwin Vickers, Wm. Vickers, Philander Crocker, Frances S. Crocker, Peter Crocker, Alice and Jane Crocker, Wm. Lindsey and Rhoda Ann, his wife, and their daughters Catharine, Eliza Ann, and Mary Ann, Amy H. and Rebecca Cox, daughters of Wm. Cox, Deborah R. and Elizabetii J. Derickson, Catharine Horney, Amy Pryor, now wife of Her- mon B. Payne, and Emeline Pryor, daughters of Mrs. Horney, Joseph Ogborn, S. Suflfrins, Shipley Lester. Societies were formed in several townships, but the difficulty in getting in- formation concerning them, and the want of space, forbid a notice of them.

It may excite the wonder of many of the next generation that these efibrts were discountenanced, if not actually opposed, by a majority of the people of the non-slaveholding states. It is but just, however, to state that much of this opposition arose, not from a regard for slavery, but from a misapprehension of the aims of the Abolitionists, and from the supposed tendency of the agitation to excite servile insurrections in the South.

The first separate nomination of antislavery men as candi- dates for members of the legislature from this county, w^as made in 1841. Pusey Grave was nominated for senator; Samuel Johnson, Daniel Winder, and Josiah Bell for represent- atives. The number of votes cast in the county for Grave was 442. In 1842, Isaiah Osborn, Hermou B. Payne, and

100 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

Elihu Cox, were candidates, and received between 200 and 300 votes. In 1844, Charles Burroughs and H. P. Bennett, candi- dates for the senate, received, respectively, 1,384 and 1,255 votes, being supported also by Democrats. J. Dnthank, Isaiah Osboru, and Philander Crocker, for representatives, received a little upward of 300. After this year no antislavery nomina- tions were made until 1848.

Rescue of Fugitive Slaves.

There were in this county many who disregarded both the letter and the intent of the law for the reclamation of slaves. Long before any of the present railroads were projected, " underground railroads," as they came to be called, were in operation. And there were a number of "stations" in this county, where southern property was deposited for a short time, and forwarded "with care" to its destination beyond our northern frontier.

Arrests of fugitive slaves in this county were not un frequent. What proportion of these arrested fugitives were reclaimed, it is perhaps impossible to ascertain. Among the cases of rescue are the following :

A slave was apprehended by a claimant under oath, and brought before Justice John C. Kibbe}^ ; but the corroborative evidence of ownership was insufficient to justify the rendition of the fugitive. The claimant subsequently managed to get a grasp on the negro in the street, who, in attempting to extri- cate himself from the grip of his pursuer, was struck a severe blow by the latter. Tiie offender was arrested for assault and battery, tried, and, it is believed, fined. The negro was con- ducted by some colored friends to the woods, where he was for a few days supplied with food by Peter Johnson and others, who helped him on his way to Canada. '

Another fugitive was brought before a justice in Richmond. During the trial, the negro, sitting in a raised window, thought proper to let himself fall out backward, into the hands of friends outside. These were trying to draw him out, while the friends of the claimant inside, having hold of his legs, en- deavored to pull him in. The friends of the negro succeeded in effecting his rescue. Against one of them, Wm. Bulla, a

ANTISLAVERY HISTORY. 101

suit was brought to recover the vakie of the slave, and a judg- ment was obtained in favor of the prosecutor for some live hundred dollars. Several of the others who participated in the rescue, it is said, shared in the payment of the money.

A citizen of JSTewport wrote two years ago an account of the escape of a slave, a part of which was published in the Radical of Richmond. From this, and the unpublished manuscript which was never quite completed, the following abstract has been prepared :

In the summer of 1844, a Mississippi slave who had hired his time, for which he was to pay a stipulated sum per month, was working in Memphis, Tenn. By industry and economy he had saved from his earnings a considerable sum to himself, besides making his regular payments to his master in Missis- sippi. A free colored man, John Bennett, steward on a steam- boat, then on a down trip to l^ew Orleans, left the boat at Memphis to stay with his family until the return of the boat, having hired a man to take his place. He here became ac- quainted with the slave, who offered him $75 if he would assist him in escaping to a free state. Bennett procured a strong box large enough to hold the human chattel; and, on the morning the boat was expected, breathing holes having been made in the box, the slave laid down in it on his back. The lid was securely nailed, and labeled, '''John Bennett; this side iq), with care." Bennett had the box hauled down to the wharf and placed on the wharf-boat of Capt. Shaw, to await the ar- rival of the steamboat. Here the box was left exposed to the rays of an almost tropical sun, until human existence could continue in it no longer; and while Capt. Shaw was quietly seated upon it, a sepulchral voice within it called out, " Open this hoxT With one bound the captain almost cleared the wharf-boat, and barely escaped a watery grave. Having pro- cured assistance and opened the box, instead of crockery ware, there was a real live " nigger," the chattel of a southern gen- tleman.

The whole city was excited by the news of this discovery. It being Sunday, congregations in some of the churches were either greatly thinned, or their meeting prevented. It was pro- posed to put the negro back into the box and throw him into

102 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

the river. Others said, "JSTail him in the box, and bury him alive." He was at length handcuffed and placed in the cala- boose, and his master notified of his attempted escape.

Bennett escaped to the woods, where he skulked about until "Wednesday, when he was discovered, taken back to the city, and placed in irons to await his triaU He was convicted and sentenced to five years' hard labor in the penitentiary.

The slave was taken back to his master in Mississippi, and., put to work again in the cotton fields. And although he af- fected an air of contentment, he was constantly on the look- out for a way of escape. "When nailed in the box, he had on his person a considerable amount of money he had saved, and a lot of tools for working his way out of prison, should he be placed in one ; and, strange to say, the mob that surrounded him when he was released from the box, failed to discover these ; nor were they discovered by his master after his return home.

Having worked a year for his old master without creating suspicion, and having matured a plan of escape, he resolved to make another venture for freedom. Starting in the night, he again reached Memphis, where, after a concealment from pub- lic view for some days, he came across two conductors on the "underground railroad," who agreed to land him in Cincin- nati for $175. They took him on board the boat as their body-servant, and landed him safely in that city. Here he kept secreted until an opportunity offered to send him to the interior of Ohio, where he remained for nearly a year, when he came to Richmond^ where he soon became an efficient agent in the work of aiding others to secure the boon that had been vouchsafed to him. "William Bush, the fugitive slave from Mississippi, is now, and has been for many years, an indus- trious blacksmith and a respectable citizen of Newport.

TEMPERANCE SOCIETIES. 103

TEMPEEANCE SOCIETIES.

Drinking Customs.

The general use of intoxicating liquors as a beverage by all classes of the community, and the direful consequences of its use, prevailed throughout our country. Hence the subject is not introduced here because there was anything in the custom of drinking peculiar to this county. In the absence of positive knowledge, we rather incline to the belief that it was for a long time less prevalent here than in most other places. A majority of the early settlers were Friends, by whose rules and discipline the common drinking of, and traffic in ardent spirits were inhibited, if not entirely prevented.

Although the evils of intemperance are still deplorable, a material change in the custom of drinking has been effected. Good men and bad indulged in it. The whisky jng was thought an indispensable help in the harvest field, at house- raisings, log-rollings, and corn-huskings; nor was the decanter with its exhilarating contents generally wanting at social gatherings. A man meeting a friend near a tavern, invited him to the bar to "take a drink." A man was deemed wanting in hospitality if he did not " treat " his visitors. The traveler who stopped at a tavern to warm, thought it " mean" to leave with- out patronizing the bar to the amount of a York sixpence or a shilling. The idea had not been conceived that both parties would have been gainers if the money had been paid for the fire, and the liquor left in the decanter. Liquor bought by the gallon — by a few even by the barrel — was kept in families for daily use. Seated at the breakfast-table, or just before sitting, the glass was passed round to "give an appetite." Bittered with some herb or drug, it was used as a "sovereign remedy " for most of the ailments "flesh is heir to," and often as a preventive. It was taken because the weather was hot, and because it was cold. Liquors being kept in the early countr}^ stores, some merchants were wont to "treat" their customers,

104 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

especially when they made large bills, and sometimes before- hand, to sharpen their appetite for trading. Happily most of these customs have become obsolete among the better classes of society, and, it is hoped, will never be revived.

That drunkenness and its natural concomitants, poverty, crime, and premature death, were the results of these practices, is not surprising. The marvel is, that the opinions and habits so long prevalent should have had the sanction of wise and good men. The evils of intemperance became at length alarmingly dreadful, and remedial measures began to be sug- gested and discussed.

Temperance Associations.

"Where, how, or when the temperance reform originated, is, perhaps, not now known. The first temperance document the writer recollects, was an address by a Mr. Kittridge, of New Hampshire, which, if it did not start the reform, gave it a powerful impetus ; and the name of the pamphlet, "Kittridge's Address," became, in some parts of the country, as familiar as a household word. This was soon followed [in 1826] by " Six Sermons on Intemperance," by Rev. Lyman Beecher, of Bos- ton, father of Henry Ward Beecher, which also rendered the cause essential service. A portion of the newspaper press soon came to its support. Meetings were held in all parts of the country, and thousands of temperance societies were formed. The pledge of abstinence was circulated, and was signed by large numbers of both sexes, among whom were many intemperate persons. And, although many of these re- lapsed, some were efi'ectually reclaimed.

For a number of years only spirituous liquors were inter- dicted by the pledge. Complete success, it was believed, re- quired abstinence from intoxicating drinks of all kinds ; and the societies generally soon adopted the total abstinence prin- ciple.

When and where the first temperance society in this county was formed, or whether a county society was ever organized in this county, the writer has not learned. Societies were formed in several of the townships at an early day, some of which are noticed in the historical sketches of these townships.

WASHINGTONIAN MOVEMENT. 105

One was also organized in Richmond, but the date of its or- ganization has not been ascertained. The temperance cause, however, has always had in Richmond, as in all other places in the county, many zealous and active friends. John Sailor, Rev. Peter Crocker, Herraon B. Payne, E. B. Quiner, are recollected as a few of those who were earl}^ identified with the cause.

Washingtonian 3Iovement.

About the year 1840, a fresh impulse was given to the tem- perance cause by the efl:brts of men called " Wasbingtonians." A number of abandoned men in the city of Baltimore, who were wont to spend their evenings at the taverns and other haunts of the vicious and the dissipated, resolved to reform, and at once became "teetotalers." They traversed a large portion of the country, lecturing generally to large gatherings. Drunk- ards in large numbers and from great distances attended, and many of them signed the pledge. The most noted of this band of reformers was John Hawkins, who, though unlettered, was one of the most effective lecturers in the country. Al- though there was nothing in their plans and mode of operation to distinguish them from other temperance men, they were generally called " Wasbingtonians."

As a result of their efforts, reformed drunkards became mis- sionaries, and constituted, for a time, the principal lecturing force of the country. Many drunkards were reformed, and many moderate drinkers became thorough temperance men.

It must be confessed, however, that the permanent benefits of this " temperance revival" which many anticipated were not fully realized. These reformers came to be regarded by very many as almost the only effective champions of the cause, while its ablest and earliest advocates were lightly esteemed. Hence these were, to a great extent, superseded, as lecturers, by re- formed inebriates, many of whom, though for the time ab- staining from the use of intoxicating drinks, were very far from having attained to the character of the true reformer. Often was the pulpit surrendered on the Sabbath to men whose vulgar, laughter-provoking stories were wholly unbecoming the place and the occasion. It was not strange that many who, under such influences, signed the pledge, soon relapsed into

106 HISTORY OP WAYNE COUNTY.

their former habits. Still, much good was accomplished. Probably at about this time, and for several years thereafter, less ardent spirits were drank in proportion to our population, than at any other time since distilleries were first generally established.

Secret Organizations.

The Washingtonian movement was succeeded by organiza- tions of several kinds. Among the earliest of them was that of the " Sons of Temperance," which was for several years a popular order of temperance men. But it seems to have been, to a great extent, superseded by the " Good Templars," who maintain organizations, probably, in every town. These two orders are both secret. Whether their efficiency is increased by this feature in their organization, or not, it is not easy to determine.

Attempts at Prohibition.

As incidental to the efforts for the promotion of the tem- perance reformation, came the license question. ]!^otwithstand- ing the progress of the cause by the simple instrumentality of the pledge, many, with a view to its more rapid advancement, began to invoke the aid of legislation by the enactment o^ -pro- hibitory laws. Without raising the question as to the propriety of laws inhibiting the sale of liquors to be used as a beverage, it can be said with truth, that in proportion as the friends of the cause relied on legislation to accomplish the desired reform, their labors in the use of the pledge were relaxed. The eftect of this relaxation of effort was, at least in many places, a retrogression of the cause.

A stringent prohibitory law was passed in Maine. Well authenticated official statements soon showed a reduction, in some districts, of more than three-fourths of the expenses of pau- perism and crime. A similar law was tried in one or more other states, and with similar results, for short periods of time. But the strong opposition which these laws have encountered, has greatly impaired their efliciency. And many of the warmest friends of temperance advise a return to the old tried and efi'ective method of promoting the cause, both as a means of reforming inebriates and of preparing public sentiment to sus- tain prohibitory laws.

INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. 107

INTERNAL IMPROYEMENTS.

Hoads.

The Cumberland, or National Road, had been gradually ex- tended to the eastern line of this state before the era of inter- nal improvements in this state commenced. In 1806, Congress authorized the construction of a tur7\pike road, at the expense of the General Government, from Cumberland, in the state of Maryland, to Ohio; hence its original name, "Cumberland Road." As the settlement of the country extended westward, Congress was solicited, from time to time, to extend the road for the benefit of the w^estern people. The extension, however, proceeded very slowly. Bills proposing appropriations of money for this purpose, were opposed in Congress on the ground of inexpediency or unconstitutionality; and one or more were arrested by the executive veto.

After the road had been laid out as far west as Vandalia, 111., and graded and bridged the greater part of the way, the General Government relinquished it to the states through whicli it passed. Application was thereafter made to the legislature of this state for the incorporation of the Wayne Coimty Tarn-pike Company; and a charter was granted for that purpose in the winter of 1849-50, and the road was completed in 1850. The company has kept the road in repair till the present time. Its annual dividends are satisfactory to the stockholders. The length of the road owned by this company is 22 miles, extend- ing from the east to the west line of the county.

By the construction of this road, travel and commercial in- tercourse were greatly facilitated, and settlements were made rapidly along the line of the road. Roads from other town- ships to this central road were soon constructed, aftbrding ready communication between the different sections of the county.

The turnpikes in this county in 1865 were the following :

108 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

Cambridge City — running north-west from Cambridge, 4 miles.

Centerville and Abington — distance 7 miles.

Centerville and Jaeksonburg — 2 miles finished in 1865.

Chester and Arba — fi.uished to the county line, 8 miles.

Hagerstown and Dalton — distance 6 miles.

Hagerstown and Franldin — distance 6 miles.

Hagerstown and Washington — distance 7 miles.

Milton and Bentonsville — 4 miles finished.

Milton and Brownsville — 5 miles finished.

Milton and Connersville — 4 miles finished.

Pleasant Valley — from Centerville to llobinson's Cross Roads, Fayette Co. ; finished 3 miles from Centerville.

Richmond and Boston — from Richmond through Boston to the county line, 7 miles.

Bichmond and Newport — 8 miles, all finished.

Bichmond and Neio Paris — from Richmond to iTew Paris, O.

Bichmond and Hillsboro — 9 miles, all finished.

Bichmond and Lick Creek — running south from Richmond on the west side of the river.

Bichmond and Liberty — finished from Richmond, 7 miles.

Bichmond and Williamsburg — 10 miles, all finished.

Short Creek, or Green Mount — from Richmond and Boston pike, IJ m. south of Richmond, 4 miles to Ohio line.

Smyrna — from Richmond and Hillsboro pike east to New Paris, Ohio.

Union County Straight Line — from a point on the Richmond and Boston pike, 2 m. south of Richmond ; but a small portion finished.

How many miles have been added to the finished turnpike roads in the county since 1865, has not been ascertained.

Canals.

At its session of 1835-6, the Indiana legislature passed a general Internal Improvement bill, under which were com- menced the Wabash and Erie canal, the Madison and In- dianapolis railroad, Indiana Central canal, and the Whitewater Valley canal. The last-named work was to extend from Ha- gerstown to Lawrenceburg. [The state of Ohio, or a company

INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. 109

chartered by the state, afterward constructed a branch from Harrison, Ohio, to Cincinnati.] Under the auspices of the state, the Whitewater Valley canal was completed from the Ohio river to Brookville, as well as about half the work from Brookville to Cambridge City. At this time, [1839,] the state found itself in debt some fourteen million dollars, and was com- pelled to abandon all the public works.

At the session of 1841-42, the legislature chartered the Whitewater Valley Canal Company, with a capital stock of $400,000. Samuel AY. Parker, of Connersville, afterward mem- ber of Congress from this district, took an active part in get- ting up the company, and, in connection with J. G. Marshall and others, secured the granting of the charter by the legisla- ture of which they both were active members. One of the principal contractors under the state and company, was Thomas Tyner.

The citizens of Cambridge City celebrated the commence- ment of operations by the company on the 28th day of July, 1842, by a barbecue, which was attended by about 10,000 per- sons. The first wheelbarrow load of earth was dug and wheeled out by Hon. Samuel W. Parker; the second, by Hon. Jehu T. Elliott, of Newcastle, since a judge of the supreme court. Every one present will remember the witty little speech of Parker on first "breaking ground" in the name of the company, and the able and more formal^address which he afterward commenced, but which a terrible thunderstorm pre- vented him from completing. Letters from Henry Clay and other distinguished persons, who had been invited but failed to attend, were read on the occasion.

The canal was finished, and boats commenced running in 1846. For a year or two an immense quantity of grain and other produce was purchased and shipped at Cambridge City, which was a principal shipping port for Rush, Henry, Ran- dolph, and Delaware counties. A daily line of passenger boats was also run to Cincinnati.

On the first day of January, 1847, a tremendous freshet damaged the canal so badly that it cost upward of ^100,000 to repair it. A second flood in November, 1848, only a few weeks after the repairs had been completed, damaged it to the

110 HISTORY OP WAYNE COUNTY.

amount of $80,000. It was, however, again repaired, and operated, to some extent, for several years, until superseded by railroads — one, the Whitewater Yalley railroad, constructed along the tow-path, and part of the way, in the bed of the canal, which had been previously placed in the hands of a re- ceiver, and was subsequently sold for that purpose.

The canal constructed by the company extended north only to Cambridge City. Subsequently, in or about the year 1846, the Hagerstown Canal Comjmny was organized, and the canal completed to that place in 1847. But a small number of boats, however, ever reached that place; and the canal soon fell into disuse, except as a source of water-power for Conklin's and other mills.

In 1838, authority was granted to the Richmond and Brook- ville Canal Comjmny to construct a canal from Richmond to Brookville, but without the aid of the state. The length of the Richmond and Brookville canal was nearly 34 miles ; the estimated cost §508,000 ; whole lockage, 273 feet ; Richmond taking stock to the amount of §50,000. "Work was let to the amount of $80,000, and about $45,000 expended. The enter- prise was then abandoned. By the great flood on the first day of January, 1847, the value of nearly all the work that had been done, was suddenly destroyed. This is now regarded as a fortunate occurrence. Had the canal been finished — the fall being 273 feet in 34 miles — it would probably have been utterly destroyed.

Railroads.

In the year 1853, a railroad was completed from Cincin- nati to Richmond, by way of Dayton, and another by way of Eaton ; and in the same year the Indiana Central, from Rich- mond to Indianapolis, which is now a part of the Pittsburg, Cincinnati and St. Louis Railway. A railroad is completed from Richmond to Wiuchester, and is a part of the Cincin- nati, Richmond and Fort Wayne Railway. The Columbus, Chicago and Indiana Central passes through Richmond. The Whitewater Valley road from Cincinnati passes through . Cambridge City to Hagerstown on the Columbus, Chicago and Indiana Central. The Fort Wayne, Muncie and Cincinnati also passes through Cambridge City. This was formerly the

AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES. Ill

Cambridge City Branch of the Cincinnati and Indianapolis Junction road, from Connersville, on the Junction road, to ISTewcastle, on the Columbus, Chicago and Indiana Central road. The raih-oad from Cambridge City to Rushville, on the Cincinnati and Indianapolis Junction road, was completed July 4, 1867. It is now a branch of the Jeflfersonville, Madison and Indianapolis road, and was originally a part of the Lake Erie and Louisville Railroad, extending from Fremont, 0., to Rush- ville, Ind.j and by connections, to Louisville, Ky.

AGEICULTURAL SOCIETIES.

The first Agricultural Fair held, in "Wayne county is said to have been held in Centerville, about the year 1828; but no definite or reliable information in respect to its origin or appointment has been furnished. The writer has made some inquiry, but has found no person able to give any history of a regularly organized society at so early a date.

First Society.

The late Agricultural Society of Wayne county, and prob- ably the first, was organized in the year 1850. Its first Fair was held in Richmond, on lauds owned by Jonathan Roberts, now a part of the city. Probably few, even of the older cit- izens, have ever known how it was brought into existence. An old citizen, who assisted in its organization, gives an ac- count of it as follows :

" It was organized in 1850. I called a meeting at Center- ville for the purpose of securing an organization. Wm. T. Dennis and myself went over to the "hub" of the county; but few attended — at most not exceeding half a dozen. We adjourned to meet at Richmond on the following Saturday. But two practical farmers were present. The mechanics took no interest in it. We adjourned to next morning, Sunday as it was. I sent for Dennis to come to my oflice. I proposed that he and I organize the society to give character to it. We elected Daniel Clark, an enterprising farmer, president of the board, and myself vice-president, and Den-

112 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

nis secretary. We then appointed one citizen from each township on the board of directors. We got up a premium list, and published it, appearing as the work of the directors. We subsequently rented about two acres of ground of Jona- than Roberts, and had it inclosed with a tight board fence, and held the Fair that year all on our own personal responsi- bility. From the receipts we paid all expenses, except for our services and individual expenditures, and had a surplus of several hundred dollars. In the following winter or spring, we called a county meeting at Centerville, which was largely attended, and handed over to the treasurer the profits of the first Fair. This was the beginning of our institution which subsequently reflected great honor on Wayne county. "At the next session of the legislature, David P. Holloway prepared and introduced a bill organizing a

State Board of Agriculture.

After a warm contest, the law was passed ; and we all know the result. At the first State Fair, citizens of Wayne county took as many of the silverware, or high class premiums, as all the rest of the state combined."

David P. Holloway was the first president of the county society, and held the office for several years. Gov. Wright, a friend of agriculture, attended the first fair, and ad- dressed the people on the subject. A lease of ten acres of land for ten years was obtained from a widowed German lady, just south of the city, where fences and permanent buildings were put up, and the annual fairs held. The last was held in 1866.

Cambridge City District Agricultural Society.

This Society embraces the counties of Wayne, Fayette, Union, Franklin, Rush, Shelby, Hancock, Henry, Delaware and Randolph. It was organized June 18, 1870, at Cam- bridge City. Its object is the promotion of the agricultural, mechanical and horticultural interests. It purchased of Gen. Solomon Meredith a beautiful, level tract of land of 60 acres, for the sum $12,000, or $200 per acre. The land adjoins the corporate limits of Cambridge City on the south, and was purchased on a credit of twelve years.

AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES. 113

The capital stock of the association is $10,000, about $8,000 of which has been taken and paid for. The land has been inclosed by a substantial fence, and the necessary buildings and stalls have been erected, at a cost of about $10,000, and a magnificent mile track has been constructed at a cost of not less than $2,000. The shape of the track is an oval, being some narrower at one end. The shape and extent of the track, and the excellent character of the soil for the purpose intended, make it superior to any other track in the West, and probably equal to any in'the United States.

The otficers chosen at the organization were the following :

President — Gen. Solomon Meredith.

Vice-President — Capt. John Colter.

Secretary — John I. Underwood.

Treasurer — Thomas Newby.

Siiperiyitendent — Sanford Lackey.

Assistant Superintendent — Robert A. Patterson.

BoAKD OP Directors. — Wayne County — Gen. S. Meredith, John Callo- way, Charles Boughner, Henry Shinier, Wilson Jones, John I. Under- wood, John "W. Jackson, Jonah Riesor, James W. Carpenter, Sanford Lackey, John Colter, Nathan S. Hawkins, Charles W. Routh, Robert A. Patterson, Nathan Raymond, Cleophas Straub, Joseph Morrey.

Fayette County — A. B. Claypool.

Union County — R. M. Haworth.

Franklin County — Hon. John Beggs.

Rush County — Isaac B. Loder.

Shelby County— ^. S. Wilson.

Hancock County — Dr. N. P. Howard.

Henry County — Simon T. Powell.

Delaware County — Volney Wilson.

Randolph Couyity— Col. H. H. Neff.

Two annual fairs have already been held by the Society with great success. To Gen. Meredith, perhaps, more than to any other one man, is the Association indebted for the successful inauguration and completion of this enterprise.

The present officers are :

President — A. B. Claypool, Fayette county.

Vice-President — Isaac Kinsey, Wayne county.

Secretary — John I. Underwood, Wayne county.

Treasurer — John W. Jackson, Wayne county.

Superintendent — Charles Boughner, Wayne county.

Assistant Superintendent— 3 . Young, Wayne county.

Marshal — H. Shisgler, Wayne county.

114 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

Wayne County Joint Stock Agricultural Association.

This association was organized in August, 1867, for the purpose of holding fairs in Centerville. The first exhibition of the society was held in October following on their beauti- ful grounds adjoining the town; and successful fairs have been held annually since. The first oflicers of the associa- tion were : Eankin Baldridge, President ; Henry B. Eupe, Treasurer ; Sylvester Johnson, Secretary ; Daniel S. Brown, Superintendent. Present officers : Eankin Baldridge, Presi- dent; John P. Smith, Vice-President ; W. (r. Stevens, Treas- urer ; W. Q. Elliott, Secretary ; Alfred J. Lashley, Superin- tendent.

Richmond Industrial Association. [See History of Eichmond.]

Richmond Horticultural Society.

This Society was organized December, 1855, by some half- dozen persons, most of them amateurs. For the first two years, the progress of the society was slow. It was not till after the first exhibition that any great interest in horticul- ture was manifested ; since which time it has been constantly on the increase. By the energy and perseverance of mem- bers, the leading new varieties of fruits, flowers, and vegeta- bles have been obtained and brought to public notice and general cultivation in this locality. The skill and judgment of the members have been the subject of encomium by the press, and high praise has been given to the society by the large numbers of citizens attending its meetings. The exhi- bitions have also been almost invariably financially successfuh It is said to be now the oldest existing horticultural society in the state.

OLD settlers' meetings. 115

OLD SETTLERS' MEETINGS.

Several years before tlie breaking out of the late war, the citizens of this county instituted the custom of holding annual picnics. The excitement during the progress of the war took away the interest in those meetings ; but after the return of peace they were resumed. The meeting of 1869 was held on the fair ground at Centerville, on the 18th of June. It was represented in the newspapers as a successful one. Since the first meeting, held ten years previously, there had not been so large an attendance as there was at this meet- ing. The following report of its proceedings and of the re- marks of the speakers, is taken from the newspapers :

Hon, James Perry, of Richmond, was chosen president of the meeting.

The President, on taking the chair, made an a[>propriate address, in Avhicli he briefly compared the state of the coun- try and the county Mij years ago with their present condi- tion. There can not be a more beautiful contrast than that between the county as it was in the days of the red man, and the county as it is now. Then all was wilderness ; now we have turnpikes and railroads, cultivated farms and splendid mansions, and the fields are decked with grain and flowers. After a few remarks on the propriety and good results of this association, he concluded. The organization was then com- pleted by the election of Oliver T. Jones and Isaac N. Beard, as Vice-Presidents, and Dr. Samuel S. Boyd, Secretary.

On the stand were Colonel James Blake, Hon. J. S. New- man, and Hon. Oliver P. Morton, former residents of Wayne county, now of Indianapolis ; Joseph Holman, John Peelle, Barnabas C. Hobbs, Colonel Enoch Railsback, Jacob B. Ju- lian, Iloah W. Miner, John Green, Dr. Mendenhall, and others.

Hon. Olioer P. Morton was introduced by the President as

116 HISTORY OP WAYNE COUNTY.

the first speaker. He said he was a native of Salishiiiy, the old county town which has passed out of existence, the house of Colonel Railsback being the last and only one. A half century ago, Indiana was called the extreme West ; and a trip from the Eastern states took as much time as it did now to go to the Sandwich Islands, or to Japan. Indiana is not now in the West at all. An Omaha paper claimed that that city was in the East ! He spoke of the progress of the coun- try in wealth and population, and its moral and intellectual improvement. He did not believe there would be another rebellion; the country, a hundred years hence, would be bound together b}" stronger ties than ever of atfection, of honor, and glory.

Josejj/i Holman was then introduced. He said he was the sole survivor of two events ; of the first emigration party of eight, who came to Wayne county in 1805, and also of the body of men who framed the first constitution of the state in 1816. When he came, Knox, Clark, and Dearborn were the only counties in the territory. Mr. Holman read a sketch of his early reminiscences which he had prepared. [As a large portion of the facts alluded to in the sketch are mentioned elsewhere in this work, they are here omitted.] While he was reading, the emigration train passed by, with their pack horses, hominy kettle and bell, all in the order they started sis:ty-four years ago. This exhibition excited a good deal of interest. Mr. Holman was born near Versailles, Woodford county, Ky., and was married November 22, 1810, and went to housekeeping two days afterward in a log cabin built by himself. He served in the war of 1812, and built a block-house on his farm near Centerville.

The meeting next adjourned for dinner. A reporter of the proceedings, alluding to the ample supply of provisions for the occasion, wrote : " We heard of one poor family who only made way with thirteen chickens; and from the appear- ance of the ground, this may be taken as a fair average of the way the barn-yards suffered all over the county." The first thing done by the President was to oft'er a set of knives and forks made by Henry Hunter, of Richmond, to the oldest person on the ground. The prize was carried off by William Bundy, aged eighty-two.

OLD settlers' meetings. 117

Colonel James Bla/iX, of Indianapolis. When lie came to Marion connty, Wayne was called " Old Wayne,'' Ijeini;- six- teen years ahead of Marion. Between Centerville and In- dianapolis there were not a half-dozen inhabitants. The peo- ple of Wayne and Marion were neighbors, and were familiar with each other. Tlie citizens of Indianapolis got their mail from the Connersville post-office, taking two days to go and two days to get back. In early times there were two parties in the state, the Wliitewater party and the Kentncky party, trained in all sorts of tricks b\^ the controversy over the re- moval of the county seat from Salisbury to Centerville.

The AYhitewater party always beat the Kentucky party, and virtually controlled the state. He remembered the first United States mail that came to Indianapolis, in April, 1822. The news came one day that the next the United States mail was to come; and at the appointed time all In- dianapolis gathered, to the number of thirty or forty families, to see the mail come in. Presently, tb rough the woods was seen a young man riding his horse at a gallop, now and then blowing his horn ; and that was the United States mail. The saddle-bags were opened, and there were about a dozen letters. It was a great day for Indianapolis. The young mail carrier's name was Lewis Jones. [At this instant, Mr. Jones, still residing in Center township, arose.] That 3^ouug man carried the mail for two years, swimming all the creeks. He was once so far frozen, that it required two men to take him off his horse into a store to thaw him out. In 1821, when the speaker came to Indianapolis, there was no prop- erty held except b}^ the government. It was one great forest, through which they could not see the sun and sky. Once the people got so famished to see the firmament, that they made up a party, and rode eighteen miles to William Con- ner's prairie, and spent the day roaming round. When they first saw the sun, the whole party took off their hats and cheered for half an hour ! Colonel Blake also complimented the people of that day for being so honest, that notes foj- borrowed money were never thought of. People helped each other as a matter of course, and borrowed monev without in-

118 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

terest. JSTotliing- was known of usury until 1834, when the banks started up, and a bank aristocracy was created.

John S. Newman was introduced. He had been a long time a resident of Wayne county, and his mind was crowded with recollections. He remembered letters addressed to his grandfather, "Andrew Hoover, Dearborn County, Indiana Territory," In the audience before him he recognized many old friends, and not a few he might call "chums." He re- membered many of the incidents related by Joseph Holman; but one Mr. Holman had forgotten to tell. At the election held in 1814 to elect members of the legislature, James Brown received one vote more than Holman ; and as they voted viva voce, when one man came up and voted for Brown, some one said, " I thought you intended to vote for Hol- man ? " " So I did," was the reply, " but let it stand now." That vote elected Brown ; but Brown died when he was within a few miles of the capital at Corydon, and Holman was elected at a special election to fill the vacancy. [Mr. !N^ewman here omits a fact. Brown had voted for himself; and had Holman voted for himself, he would have prevented the election of his rival, which he was unwilling to do.] There were then about six hundred votes cast in the county. In 1818, John Sutherland got 888 votes, and it was thought nobody would ever get so many votes again. Mr. ITew- man's folks landed in Wayne county March 29, 1807. At that time the land belonged to the Indians. The line be- tween the red and the white men's grounds then ran about two and a half miles west of Richmond. In 1809, a strip of land twelve miles wide was purchased b}- Gen. Harrison, west of the Waj-ne purchase of 1785 ; and the west line of the purchase ran near Cambridge City. It was a great thing then to go to the new purchase. The price of land was $2 per acre ; but for cash down the Government made a reduc- tion of 37J cents.

He remembered the old path by Cox's mill, built in the year 1807, to Eichmond, down the Whitewater. When he was old enough to^it on a horse, his uncle and himself used to go to mill ; and tlie pathway Avas so narrow that they had to push the bushes on either side to allow their animals to

OLD settlers' meetings. 119

pass. That is now the most thickly settled part of Wayne county. lie concurred with Gov. Morton in the belief that the world was growing better intellectually and morally, but doubted it a little as to muscular strength. Handling the ax, splitting logs and rails, developed a strength of muscle supe- rior to that enjoyed by the men of to-day.

John Peelle was the next speaker. He said : I have so often told yow the same old story, that you know it by heart. You know I was born in the year 1791, near Beard's hatter shop in old North Carolina. You remember the plow made of a forked stick, the cotton rope traces, my tanning leather, or pretending to, and making my. wife's shoes out of it, which hurt her feet to this day. You know, for I have told you before, that after I came to this State, I often got up from the table hungry, and sighed, with tears in my eyes, for my mother's milk-house in JSTorth Carolina. But we soon raised plenty of corn and squashes and pumpkins, on which we fared sumptuou3l3^ AYe used to harid round a basket of turnips to company in the place of apples. I remember once at a neighbor's house, I did not scra[»e the turnip as close as the good lad}" of the house thought I ought to ; so she scraped it over again and ate it herself. I believe I have seen as hard times as the next man. I made two farms from the green. One day, going to Motiitt's on a borrowed horse, he fell down fourteen times, but he got the bag off only once. Let me say a word about my nephew, Judge Peelle. I believe he is present. AYell, whether lie is or not, he was as bad a child as I ever knew. He cried nearly all the way from Xorth Carolina, for which I often wanted to thrash him. Yet after all, the judge is quite a man now. Mr. I'eelle exhibited a shill- ing once owned by John Wesley, and a mate to the one he paid to the 'squire who married him. Being about to leave the stand without alluding to his pantaloons, some one re- minded him of his forgetfulness. Turning to the audience and laying his hand on his pantaloons, he said: These are the identical " overhauls " for which I swapped another })air at a log-rolling sliortly after I came to this country. We went into a log meeting-house close by to make the ex- change.

120 HISTORY OF "WAYNE COUNTY.

Barnabas C. Hobbs, Superintendent of Public Instruction, was the next speaker. He was born in "Washington county. When the emigrants started to North Carolina, they parted company in Kentucky, a portion going to Wayne county, the other to Washington county. He remembered the laying off of the city of Indianapolis. When the people got home and were asked the name of the new town, they replied, " Indian no place." He remembered Judge Parke very well, who used to stay at his father's house when on his circuit, which ex- tended from Vincennes to Richmond, taking in all the in- termediate country, Lawrenceburg and all. Mr. Hobbs told a story of the courtship of Gabriel ITewby, of Washington county, who was in love with the daughter of John Harvey, of Wayne county. It took the lover two days to go to and from Harvey's house, requiring him to spend one night in the woods on the journey. On one occasion, after ISTewby had encamped for the night, the wolves came around him; and, through the darkness until daylight he had to fight the beasts with fire-brands. Such was the trouble young men had then to get wives. Although Mr. H. omitted to tell it, Miss Harvey finally became Mrs. Newby. He closed with an interesting examination of the old constitution of 1816, and the school laws of that time, to show that the men of that day had the most expanded ideas of the advantages of a thorough education of the youth of the state.

The exercises were now relieved by the baud playing the air, " Auld laug syne," after which

Col. Enoch Railsback made a speech crowded with interest- ing facts. He came to Wayne county on the 17th of March, 1807, when the land belonged to the Shawnee and Delaware Indians. Polly Whitehead, daughter of the Baptist preacher, was the first white woman married in the county. [Mrs. Hunt, the lady named, was present, and came upon the plat- form.] She was then one of the finest women in the settle- ment ; and although now eighty-one years of age, she steps off as lively to-day as almost any one can. The first Methodist Epis- copal church was established by Hugh Cull and old Mr. Meek, in 1808. The preaching places were at John Cox's, Hugh Cull's, and at the speaker's father's. The first mill was built

1^ -^s^*

Co-i^iN^:;^ ycc^S^:^'^^^<^.

OLD settlers' meetings. 121

J^ovember 30, 1807, by old man Hunt, on the Elkliorn. Squire Rue and Squire Cox, the first justices of the peace, were as much revered as a judge is now-a-days. The first doctors were Dr. David F. Sackett and Dr. Davis; but the first of a higher order of physicians, as tlie people believed, were Drs. Pugh, Warner, Pritchett, and Mendenhall. He had worn as man3% if not more leather breeches than any one else on the ground, and was just as happy tlien as he was now, worth a hundred times as much. He recollected John Green very well, a gentlemanly old Indian, who hved on ISToland's Fork, He had often seen Indians pass his father's house, sometimes fifty or sixty, going to Hamilton, Ohio, to trade; and they were very friendly. The last crowd of Indians he saw was when Gen. Harrison reviewed the eight regiments of militia just south of Richmond, where he had come to warn the people of danger. There were about fifty sitting on the fence looking at the review. Mr. Railsback related several interesting inci- dents connected with the Indians, one of which was their stealing Lydia Thorp, a little daughter of Boaz Thorp, near Milton. The Indians were tracked by men and dogs, but they escaped, and nothing was seen of the girl until, about ten years after, they saw her at the forks of the Wabash, the happy wife of an Indian. The mother and father did not dare to speak to her, and she soon left, and was seen by them no more. Jeptha Turner is the oldest native born inhabitant of Wayne county living, and is about sixty-three years of age. Mrs. Railsback was the first white child born in the county. She came into the world October 5, 1806.

Jacob B. Julian next addressed the meeting. He appeared for the reason that most of the other speakers had been born away from home; and he wanted the audience to see the ad- vantages of being born in Wayne county. He was " native and to the manor born " — about fifty-four 3'ears ago. A portion of the old house he carried in the shape of a walking-stick, as a sacred memento of his father and mother. When he was born, the tax duplicate was only about $950; now it amounted to between §350,000 and §360,000. The Twelve Mile Pur- chase was then in market. Between Cambridge and the Pa- cific ocean there was not a foot of land subject to entry.

122 HISTORY OF TVAYNE COUNTY.

There were not, probably, one thousand white men in all that country, where there are at least ten millions to-day. When be was born, not a turnpike was thought of. Railroads had not been dreamed of. There was but one church, and no school-house, that was not made of logs. To-day there are three hundred miles of turnpike, and $300,000 invested in churches and school-houses. What a change in one short life ! Mr. Julian then passed into a eulogium of Wayne county, and alluded to the feeling of pride and love which animated the breast of every native of the county.

Noah W. Miner, the last speaker, said he could n't attempt a speech in less than three or four hours ; but if the committee would give him that length of time on some occasion, he would show them what could be done in the way of a speech. He came from the Beard's hatter shop locality, being born in the year 1800. He had seen the century in, and he knew no good reason why he should n't see it out. He had lived sixty-nine years, and if something did n't happen to him that never had happened, he would see the century out, sure. Mr. Miner told sundry interesting things about his early life corroborative of the facts related by others, and gave way about four o'clock to the museum of curious things, which was conducted by Mr. Jones with all the empressment of a regular exhibitor of striped reptiles or fat women. The following is a list:

A pewter bowl, over one hundred years old, belonging to Leah Bartlett, of Maryland, now owned by her granddaughter.

A pair of spoon molds, with spoon.

A copy of the Ulster County Gazette, of the date of January 4, 1800, with an account of the death and funeral of General Washington. Published at Kingston, Ulster county, IST. Y.

Old plow with wooden mold board.

A pair of hames accompanying the plow.

A powder horn made of gourd used by the grandfather of Levi Warren in the Revolutionary war, under Gen. Benedict Arnold. As the President said, "a better gourd now than Arnold was a man."

A pocket-book one hundred and fifty years old, made in

CKIMINAL TKIALS, 123

Germany, and brought over with German guild orn of date 1709.

A lot of German almanacs, the oldest dated 1775.

A foot stove used by old German ladies when riding in sleighs.

A pair of gum shoes fifty years old.

A pewter basin from Holland, two hundred years old.

A small tea chest, three sides made of wood of the elm tree under which Penn made his treaty with the Indians.

An old frying-pan from Holland.

An old gun of the American Eevolution. Tlie grandfather of the exhibitor owned it at the time of the battle of Mon- mouth, and, it is presumed, did service in that engagement. A modern cock had been substituted for the oM flint lock.

After the exhibition of these articles, the meetini;: closed.

CRIMINAL TRIALS.

There have been two cases of conviction for murder in this count3\ The first of these murders was committed by Ilenr}^ Crist, in the killing of Chambers, his son-in-law. The parties lived in the township of Washington. Chambers's wife had repeatedly made complaint to her father of ill treatment by her husband. Crist went to the house of Cl)aml:)ers, and at- tacked him with a butcher knife. Chambers ran; and, while running, Crist seized a rifle which hung over the door, and shot him: he fell, and, in a few moments, expired without speaking. A neighbor, Mrs. Flint, was present and witnessed the deed. Crist was arrested, and put into the jail at Salis- bury. This jail was made of square, hewed logs, some of which may yet be seen lying near the house of Enoch Kails- back. The principal witnesses were his wife, a young son, his daughter [Mrs. Chambers,] and Mrs. Flint. He was found guilty, and sentenced to be hung. The people from the remotest parts of the county attended to witness the execution.

The prisoner was conveyed to the gallows in a wagon, seated on his coflin. Daniel Fraley, a Methodist minister, yet re- membered by some of the old settlers, standing in the wagon,

124 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

preached a sermon to the people. At its close the rope was adjusted around his neck, the cap drawn over his face, and the wagon drawn from under him — a mode of execution not prac- ticed at the present time. The murder was committed in the autumn of 1815, and the execution took place on the first of April, 1816.

To the foregoing statement, principally taken from Rev. Wm. C. Smith's book, before referred to, we subjoin the fol- lowing:

When Crist's son, a youth of about fifteen, was called to the witness' stand on the part of the prosecution, Crist said to him: " ]^ow, son, tell the truth, though it may convict your father." It is said this son, after the execution of his father, took charge of the body, and conveyed it home on a sled, in the night, and alone, through the woods, a distance of ten or twelve miles.

An account of the second murder trial and execution, was written for the Indiana True Republican, in 1867, which is in substance as follows :

Hampshire Pitt was tried in November, 1822, for the murder of William Mail. Both parties were colored men. The mur- der occurred on the farm now owned b}^ Thomas C. Straw- bridge, about four miles north of Richmond, on the Newport turnpike. Says the writer : "Pitt lived with a woman osten- sibly his wife, between whom and Mail he suspected an im- proper intimacy. His suspicions were thought to be well founded, and there was for him, on that account, considerable sympathy. Though a bad man, he was a smart, plausible old fellow. He was a tinker by trade, and therefore a useful man. Traveling, as he did, among the people, mending their old pewter ware, and supplying them with new plates, basins, &c., and withal making himself agreeable, he had become quite a favorite. A large part of the bone and muscle of the young Hoosiers of that day is made up of mush and milk partaken from basins of his manufacture. For one, I am ready to ac- knowledge the full extent of my obligations in this respect."

Pitt meeting Mail, and being greatly enraged, cried out to him as he advanced, " You are there, are you ? Bill Mail, you have been in the habit of calling me old man; my name is

CRIMINAL TRIALS. 125

Hampshire Pitt, or General Pitt ; and if yon call me old man again I will put this through you!" flourishing at the same time a dagger, with which he ahuost instantly stabbed him to the heart. He was promptly arrested and confined in the old log jail at Centeryille, which stood immediately east of the place where the present jail stands.

He was tried and found guilty; but Associate Judges Mc- Lane and Dayenport, over the objections of Judge Eggle- ston, granted a new trial. The next jury rendered a similar yerdict.

The day of execution was a yery unpleasant one ; yet thou- sands of men, women, and children flocked to witness the scene. A rude scaffold was erected, under which the doomed man was driven in a cart. There was no trap-door or other ar- rangement to give him a fall, thereby breaking his neck and shortening his sufiering. The rope was adjusted and the cart drawn on, leaving him suspended until he was dead.

Before the day of his execution, Pitt engaged another colored man, by giving him his horse, to take charge of his body and see it interred. Having got the horse, the c6lored man sold the body for ten dollars in advance, to two physicians . for dissection, and left the country. Pitt having been informed of the fact, sent for Christopher Roddy, who promised to take charge of the body after the execution, and keep it from the physicians. At the execution, Roddy was present with a cof- fin on a sled, and the physicians with a wagon without a cotfin. After the body was cut down, a struggle for the body ensued, and Roddy prevailed. He conveyed the body in the coffin to his home in Salisbury, and guarded it through the night, and buried it the next day. But fearing the body might be found, he disinterred it the next night, and, it is said, carried it on his shoulder, without the coffin, some seven miles and buried it in the woods. The next day he felled a number of forest trees across the grave ; and the doctors never got the body.

Roddy is reputed as having been an intemperate, profane, and very wicked man. But he seems not to have entirely lost bis sense of honor, having faithfully fulfilled his engagement with Pitt. He was a Revolutionary soldier, and had served during the whole period of the war.

126 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

Allusion was made [page 25] to tlie criminal code of In- diana territory, which authorized Vjhiijping for certain crimes. The writer in the True Hepubtican, who, in the winter of 1866, from his review of the recorded proceedings of " The Courts in the early times in Wayne County," has furnished most of the information respecting the two cases of murder, informed us also that whipping, as a punishment for crime, was legal, as late as the year 1820. The following was the judgment of the court in the case of a conviction for larceny : "It is considered that the defendant do make his fine to the state in the sum of five dollars, and that he restore to said

the said one dollar and fifty cents, in silver, and

one ten dollar note on the Lebanon Banking Company, of the value of ten dollars, and that he receive on his bare back Jive lashes." This part of the penalty, however, was remit- ted by the governor.

WAR HISTOEY.

Public Meetings; Enlistments.

The secession of South Carolina, the firing on the " Star of the "West," and the attempted interference with the journey of the President-elect to the Capital for inauguration, caused tremors of excitement in this as in all other communities. But northern people were little inclined to believe that the South meant war; nor is it likely that the southerners them- selves anticipated its extent and result.

The news of the bombardment of Fort Sumter fell unex- pectedly upon our citizens; but it did not find them unde- cided what to do. In Richmond a public meeting was called on Monday, April 15th, the day on which the news was re- ceived, to be held in the evening. The citizens met on the corner of Main and Marion streets. The meeting was large and enthusiastic, and composed of men of the difterent par- ties. It was opened with prayer by J. W. T. McMullen. John A. Bridgland, Bell-Everett candidate for elector in the recent campaign, was chosen President of the meeting. William A. Bickle, Democratic candidate for Congress the

WAR HISTORY. 127

year previous; Judge AYm. P. Beuton, John Yaryan, John C. Whitridge, Mr. Bridghmd, and John H. Popp, addressed the citizens.

The next day, Governor Morton's call for six regiments for three months was received, and Judge Benton opened an enlist- ing place at Justice Lyle's office, on South Pearl street, near Main. He was the first to sign the enlistment paper. Before the next day closed, one full company, [eighty-four men,] was enrolled, and forty-five more men were obtained. On tlie morning of the 18th, about sunrise, the volunteers began to assemble, and marched to the depot, accompanied by a vast concourse of citizens. They were transported free to In- dianapolis, being the first company to arrive at that cit}-.

The excitement during these two days was equally intense elsewhere. At Centerville and Cambridge City, parts of com- panies were enlisted. Volunteers came in from other town- ships. These volunteers left for Indianapolis the day on which those from Kichmond went. All from this county formed part of the Eighth Infantry Regiment, commanded by AYm. P. Benton, who w^as commissioned Colonel.

Volunteering continued in Richmond. Another company was in readiness at the depot on the next Monday [23d]. But the requisition upon the state w^as already full ; and while at the depot, a dispatch w^as received directing this company to go into camp on the Fair ground, south of the city. The state decided to raise six regiments for one year; and this company w^as sw'orn into the state service. The Fair ground was established as a camp, and named " Camp Wayne;" and preparations were made for organizing and in- structing a regiment there. Companies from several coun- ties came, and were mustered in as the Sixteenth Regiment. This regiment remained in camp until July 23d, when, having been transferred to the Federal service, it proceeded to the seat of w^ar. It was with the first body of troops that marched through Baltimore after the assault on the Sixth Massachu- setts Regiment in April.

On Thursday of that week, [25th,] the Sixth Indiana In- fantry, returning from AYest Virginia, passed through Rich- mond. The citizens, apprised of its coming, prepared a

128 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

breakfast as a welcome to the soldiers of their state. The next day the Eighth Regiment was banqueted in a similar manner.

The summer of 1861 was an exciting season. Meetings were frequently held throughout the county to secure volun- teers. An infantry company was raised for the ISTineteenth Regiment, by Wm. W. Dudley; two for the Eighth, (three years' term,) by Alex. J. Kenny, at Richmond, and F. S. Wysong in the western part of the county, and several parts of companies for other regiments and cavalry. 'New regi- ments were raised in each congressional district ; and in Au- gust companies began to arrive at Camp Wayne for the formation of the Thirty-sixth Regiment. G-eorge Hoover, of Richmond, and John Sim, of Cambridge City, commanded companies from this county. This regiment remained in camp until October, when, being full, it left under the com- mand of Col. Wm. Grose.

Preparations were immediately begun for the organization of another regiment. Rev. J. W. T. McMullen and Rev. Frank A. Hardiu were commissioned, and proceeded to raise recruits for this regiment, which became the Fifty-seventh. John S. McGraw and John Hunt, of Richmond, Joseph F. Stidham, of Centerville, and Cyrus W. Burket, of Hagers- town, commanded companies raised in this county. Cold weather coming on, the soldiers in camp prepared their quar- ters for winter. They remained until the 10th of December, when they were sent to the field.

Belief of Soldiers' Families.

Hardly had the war broken out, before efforts began to be made for the assistance of soldiers' families, the relief of the sick and wounded, and for the sanitary needs of those in field and hospital. While the first volunteers were at the depot, Jesse P. Siddall responded to a call for a speech, by recom- mending the appointment of a committee, that the soldiers might feel assured that their families would be care'd for. Lewis Burk, J. A. Bridgland, and Rev. J. W. T. McMullen were appointed. A public meeting was held on the evening of the 19th of April, in Starr (now Phillips) Hall. Commit-

WAR HISTORY. 129

tees were appointed to urge upon the city council and county commissioners the necessity of providing means for the relief of such as needed it. The council met in called session the next day, and heard the petition of the citizens' meeting. Resolutions were adopted providing the needed assistance, and authorizing the Mayor to advertise for contributions of pro- visions; authorizing mouej^ immediately needed to be drawn from the treasury; and ordering all city work except repairs to be suspended. W. E. Wilcox and Phil. F. Wiggins were appointed to ascertain the number of needy families. J. M. Paxson was appointed to solicit for provisions, wood, etc., among the farmers. Mayor Finley issued a call, and the back room of the Warner building became, for a while, the depos- itory for the relief provisions. The county commissioners took proper action, and, during the following winter, seven hundred dollars were dispensed weekly, chiefly in the form of orders on the county. These orders were given to the persons needing assistance, and readily accepted by merchants and provision dealers.

On the 10th of April, 1862, a public meeting was held in Starr Hall, at which was chosen a "sanitary committee" for Wayne township. Lewis Burk, J. M. Paxson, John W. Grubbs, John M. Gaar, John Roberts, John P. Smith, Stephen R. Wiggins, and Christopher C. Beeler, composed this committee. Five hundred and twenty-two dollars were subscribed that even- ing. The committee issued an appeal for contributions, and requested other townships to co-operate. Several townships responded, sending money, clothing, and food for hospital use. Washington township was among the first, and sent a large contribution. On the 28th of May, 1862, the sanitary com- mittee published a report, showing that §1,166.66 had been paid in, besides clothing and provisions. Fourteen packages had been shipped on the 25th of April to jSTashville; thirty- three to Pittsburg Landing on the 25th of May; and eighteen furnished the State Sanitary Commission on the 12th of May.

The ladies of Richmond had previously formed a " Soldiers' Relief Circle," which, together with the sanitary committee, continued labors during the war. Several of the churches formed aid societies among their respective memberships.

130 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

The Social Circle of Union Chapel M. E. Church turned its attention to sanitary work, and grew into the largest aid so- ciety in the city. Persons not members of the congregation co- operated. Much of the money used by these organizations was raised by suppers and amateur concerts given by citizens. The comfort of the soldiers in Camp "Wayne, especially of the sick, was constantly attended to by these organizations.

Calls for More Troops.

In the summer of 1862, calls were made for large numbers of troops. The Sixteenth Regiment returned from its one year's service May 23, and most of its members re-enlisted. Early in July, Wm. A. Bickle received a commission as commandant of Camp Wayne, with instructions to raise a regiment in the Fifth congressional district. He proceeded immediately to that work ; and, as good inducements were offered, and the vic- tories of the previous spring had an inspiring effect, volunteer- ing was brisk. The county commissioners appropriated $20,000 for bounties. The Nineteenth Battery was recruited in the western part of the county, by S. L. Gregg, W. P. Stackhouse, and others. It went into camp at Cambridge City until August 11, when it left for Indianapolis on the way to Kentucky. A large crowd bid it farewell at the Cambridge depot. A cavalry company was raised by John S. Lyle, Moses D. Leeson, and W. C. Jeffries. On the 14th of August, they reported to Col. Bickle, and shortly afterward went to join the Fifth Cavalry Regiment at Indianapolis. In a short time, more companies than were necessary for one regiment were reported. One regiment, the Sixty-ninth, was organized, and the remaining companies went into camp as the nucleus of an- other regiment, numbered Eighty-fourth. John H. Finley, of Richmond, and Joseph L. Marsh, of "Williamsburg, com- manded companies in the Sixty-ninth, which were raised in this county; and Wm. A. Boyd, of Centerville, was captain of one in the Eighty-fourth.

In August of 1862, the Confederate ^en. Kirby Smith en- tered Kentucky, and threatened Louisville and Cincinnati. Unparalleled activity was displayed by Indiana. Troops were hurried forward for the defense of the border. The Sixty-

"WAR HISTORY. 131

ninth Regiment was'ordered to Indianapolis for arms. It left Camp Wayne on the 18th of August, and on the 30th took part in the disastrous battle of Richmond, Ky., where the Union forces were compelled to face overwhelming numbers of the foe. This regiment suffered terribly in killed and wounded; and nearly five hundred were taken prisoners. These prison- ers were paroled, and returned to Indianapolis. Meanwhile the Eighty-fourth had been organized by Col. Bickle, and though not full to the maximum, it was sent to Cincinnati, where it was armed and equipped. It left camp September 10th, under Col. ]S"elson Trusler.

During the siege of Cincinnati Richmond was alive with ex- citement. A public meeting was called by the mayor, to be held at Engine Hall, No. 2, on the 3d of September. But the crowd being so large the meeting adjourned to the Public Square, now occupied by the First Ward Public School. Judge James Perry presided, and Rev. J. H. Goode acted as secretary. It was decided to proceed immediately to the formation of military comjmnies for drill. A company of Home Guards, popularly known as the " Silver Greys," because composed of men over the age for active service, had been previously or- ganized, and was commanded by Daniel B. Crawford. Three other companies — one composed of Germans — were formed. By proclamation of the mayor the places of business were closed at four o'clock p. m., and the citizens repaired to the several places of rendezvous for drill. The principal drill- ground was a vacant square, now occupied by the Friends' meeting-house and school-house, between Eighth and ]!^inth streets, north of Main. This arrangement was continued for several weeks until the danger was past. The broken ranks of the Sixty-ninth Regiment returned to Camp Wayne, where they remained until released from their parol and recruited, and on the 18th of ITovember, again left camp under the com- mand of Col. Thomas W. Bennett.

Extraordinary Contributions.

The winter of 1862-63 was a severe one upon many families, whose support and providers were fighting for their country. The Aid Societies made frequent appeals to the citizens for as-

132 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

sistanee, and were thus enabled to alleviate much suffering. One morning in January, 1863, twenty-jive wagons loaded with wood, and one with flour, meal, potatoes, &c., suddenly and un- expectedly made their appearance on the streets of Richmond. They were from the farmers in the neighborhood of Middle- boro', and were for the " aid and comfort " of soldiers' families. A band of musicians volunteered their services, and, hoisting the national flag, the donation was paraded through the streets, and then delivered where needed.

On Saturday, February I4th, a delegation came from Boston township, bringing more than sixty cords of wood, three thousand pounds of flour and meal, besides other provisions. A spirit of rivalry in this good work was soon developed, and the various neighborhoods in the vicinity of Richmond vied with each other in contributions of this character. On the 28th of Feb- ruary, the farmers residing along and near the National road east from town, brought, in a large procession, ninety-two cords of wood, over two thousand pounds of flour, forty bushels of corn meal, six bushels of potatoes, &c. The procession filled Main street for a distance of eight blocks ! The followiug Monday the rival procession of farmers residing along and near the National road west from town came in. It has never been decided which of these contributions was the largest. Both parties claimed the palm.

The Middleboro' farmers having started these generous out- pourings, concluded to put a finishing touch to the work for this season. So on the 28tli of March, they came into town with a train of wagons nearly a mile long. Residents of Hills- boro', [now Whitewater,] joined their neighbors of Middle- boro'. The farmers along the Liberty turnpike also brought in a contribution. A new feature attended this demonstra- tion. Fresh beef and poultry were brought in, sold on the streets to citizens, and the proceeds given to the aid fund. One hundred and ninety-two dollars were thus realized. One hundred and twenty-eight cords of wood, overtwo thousand pounds of flour, and seventy five bushels of meal, besides other pro- visions, were contributed. The whole donation amounted in value to nearly thirteen hundred dollars. The citizens had prepared a reception. The procession was halted on Main

WAR HISTORY. 133

street. Ilermon B. Payne made the welcoming speech ; short speeches by Elihu Cox, of Middleboro', Israel Woodrufl:", of Franklin township, and others. The citizens invited the generons farmers to dinner, and the day was one of general rejoicing. The iniinence of these acts extended to other towns. Centerville, among others, received a kxrge donation on the 19th of March.

Tliis commendable practice was revived the following au- tumn. On the last day of October the " Middleboro' patriots " came into Richmond with sixty cords of wood, and a large quantity of provisions. The value of this contribution was over live hundred dollars. Gov. ^Morton was present b}^ in- vitation, and addressed the farmers and citizens. Generals Benton and Mansfield followed in short speeches. The wood was delivered to the care of Wm. Parry, the township trustee, who distributed it among the needy. On the following Mon- day and Tuesday, some fifty young men of Richmond formed a " Saw-buck Brigade," and sawed and split the wood for use.

Thanksgiving day of that year was the occasion of another demonstration. One hundred cords of ivood, and pyramids of Jlour, meat, and, other irrovisions, were bronght in by the farmers along the National road, east of Richmond. The citizens prepared a dinner in Starr Hall, which was partaken of by soldiers' families and the "wood-haulers."

The Relief Circle, of which Mrs. L. J. Seymour, Mrs. S. A. Wrigley, and Mrs. Martha Smith were ofiicers, prepared large quantities of hospital supplies. The Union Chapel Aid So- ciety was made an auxiliary by the State Sanitary Commis- sion, and did an arduous labor. Mrs. Sarah A. Ilift", Mrs. Margaret J. ISTewton, Mrs. Sarah Hays, Mrs. Eliza Scott, Miss Beulah McPherson, and Miss Jane Morrow, were prominent workers. The great battles made demands upon the aid societies. Union Chapel Aid Society devoted several days, including a Sunday, after the battle of Stone River, to pre- paring bandages, ctc.j for the wounded.

' 134 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

Morgan's Invasion.

In July, 1863, the rebel guerilla, John Morgan, crossed the Ohio river with his band, and commenced pillaging in South- ern Indiana. The day after the invasion, the Mayor of Rich- mond issued a proclamation for the citizens to meet in the several wards ta organize and drill. At ten o'clock Thurs- day night, [July 9th,] a dispatch came, calling for the mil- itia and volunteers to report at Indianapolis immediately. The fire bells were rung, and the citizens assembled to pre- pare for their departure, which took place early next morning.

A battalion of militia had been organized in the county, and its companies immediately responded, and large numbers of citizens volunteered. Two companies left Richmond, commanded by John C. Davis and Daniel B. Crawford- Abington sent one company under Capt. Jonathan Jarrett; Bethel, one under A. Y. Garrett; Centerville, one under J. C. Page; Cambridge City, one under G. T. Weast; Dublin, one under W. P. Goolman ; East Germantown, one under P. S. Binkley. Three companies were sent to various points, and in a week were mustered out and returned home, the invaders having been driven into Ohio, where they were cap- tured.

Large Money Contributions.

A great combination efibrt to raise money for sanitary pur- poses was made in December, 1863, under the direction of the Sanitary Committee and Aid Societies, assisted by Chaplain J. H. Lozier, traveling agent for the State Sanitary Commis- sion. The whole community, without distinction of party, joined in the labors. In Richmond, a supper was given on the evening of the 3d of December, an amateur concert the next evening, a dinner the day following, and a tableaux ex- hibition in the evening.

The following Monday, [7th,] began a Fair, which continued through that week. At Centerville, a dinner, a supper, and a concert were given on the 9th and 10th. At Cambridge City, a contribution of wood and provisions were brought in for soldiers' families, and a liberal subscription taken for the

WAR HISTORY. 135

sanitary fund. At Whitewater, a dinner and a supper were given. Meetings were held by the state agent in Dublin, Milton, Clay township, Abington, Harrison township, Ilagers- town, Newport, AVilliamsburg, Economy, and Dalton town- ship. Subscriptions were raised in these places by the elibrts of Rev. James Crawford, J. F. Nicholson, Captain Hale, R. Baldridge, J. M. Bohrer, A. H. Harris, Jesse Cates, B. Rey- nolds, and others. The net proceeds in Wayne township were $7,063.11 ; in Green, $686.80 were raised ; in Washing- ton and Center townships, nearly §500 each. The other townships swelled the total to $11,300. For this liberal con- tribution, Wayne county was honored with the prize banner presented by the state officers and Sanitary Commission.

3Iore Troops Raised.

A regiment from the Fifth Congressional District was called for, September 24, 1863. John F. Kibbey was appointed com- mandant of Camp Wayne.

A cavalry company was raised, and went into camp at the same place. Recruiting commenced ; but it was March, 1861, before the regiment left camp. It was numbered One Hun- dred and Twenty-fourth, and commanded by Col. James Bur- gess. James Conner, Jonathan J. Wright, and John Messick, of Richmond, and Caleb B. Jackson, of Centerville, were cap- tains of companies principally recruited in this county.

The drafts of 1862 and 1864 called forth considerable activ- ity in encouraging volunteering. High bounties were oifered. The larger part of these sums was contributed by the peopld. The county commissioners offered §100 in four installments as additional bounty to volunteers. Few townships failed to till their quotas; and in these the requisition was greatly reduced. During the war Wayne county and the townships expended for bounties, §379,093.35 ; for the relief of soldiers' families, $184,350. Total, §563,443.35.

In the spring of 1864, the governors of the Northern States offered the National Government large bodies of troops to take the places of the veteran forces guarding the rear, and hence allow them to go to the front. These new troops were to serve for one hundred days. A series of meetings was held in

136 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

Eichmond for the purpose of raising a company for this service. These meetings began on Tuesday, April 26tb, and continued nine evenings. Large sums were subscribed for bounties. The city council met on the 28th, and voted ten dollars to each volunteer. Ladies ofJ'ered to take the places of clerks during their absence. By contributions and subscriptions nearly one thousand dollars were raised for the support of families dur- ing the one hundred days. By the 11th of May a company was enrolled, and left under the command of Capt. Wm. B. Mount.

The Last Contribution.

Becruiting and enlisting as veterans were steadily going on during the year 1864. The attention to relief and sanitary matters was not neglected. Funds were raised by concerts and entertainments as in previous years. The approaching winter made it necessary again to provide for the needy. A meeting of citizens and farmers was held, and it was decided to have a combined donation of wood. To encourage a spirit of emula- tion, a banner was promised to the largest delegation, and purses and buffiilo robes of various values to the four delega- tions. This demonstration took place December 23, 1864. The delegation coming by the National road from the east, brought one hundred and eleven cords ofioood, and took the first prize; that from the west by the National road and Williams- burg turnpike, seventy cords; that by the Liberty and Boston turnpikes, thirty-three cords ; and that by the Hillsboro' aud the Newport turnpikes, twenty-eight cords. One load from the east contained eighteen cords and twenty feet !

Mid of the War ; Death of Lincoln.

The news of the capture of rebel Bichmond, Virginia, was received in loyal Bichmond, Indiana, with much rejoicing. On the evening of April 3, 1865, speeches were made, cannon fired, and bonfires lighted. But when the new^s of Lee's sur- render came, one week later, there was a grander outburst of joy. Main and other streets had the sidewalks covered with sheds and awnings. A movement being made to have them removed, their owners, by common consent, took them down.

WAR HISTORY. 137

and, piling them at the street-crossicgs, burned them in the evening. Business was abandoned; residents of the country came in and joined in the demonstrations.

This joy was soon turned to sorrow. When the sad news of the assassination of President Lincoln reached Kichmond, all business was suspended, stores and shops were closed, flags displayed at half mast, bells tolled, and doors of business places and of dwellings draped in mourning. Crowds ap- peared on the streets, and the deepest feeling was manifested. Men of all parties lamented as if it were a personal affliction. In the afternoon a large meeting assembled in Starr Hall. Speeches were made, and expressive resolutions adopted. Similar meetings were held at Hagerstown and other places.

The train bearing the remains of the President, passed through Wayne county on the morning of April 30th. A train containing state officials, citizens of Indianapolis and others, came to act as escort. It met the funeral cortege at the state line, and together they came through liichmond at two o'clock in the morning. An arch of mourning spanned the track near the depot ; and amid the tolling of bells and dirges of music, the trains passed. An immense crowd was present, notwithstanding the early hour.

At Centerville a large concourse of people awaited the cor- tege ; and the depot was draped in mourning. Salvoes of ar- tillery paid homage to the dead at Cambridge City. There and at Dublin were arches over the track, through which the slow moving trains passed in the dim light of morning.

The war was now ended. During its continuance consider- able activity was manifested in the towns. Hundreds of families moved into the larger towns to be within the reach of assistance if needed. Especially was this true of Richmond ; hence the calling for those large donations which were made at tliat place. The surviving soldiers returned to their former occupations in the summer of 1865, and gradually the entire community resumed the ways of peace.

138 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

POPULATION OF WAYNE COUNTY.

Townships. 1870.

Abington 833

Boston 884

Center 2,855

Clay 1,094

Dalton 766

Franklin 1,385

Green 1,293

Harrison 580

Jackson 4,949

Jefiferson 1,785

New Garden 1,519

Perry .. 876

Washington 2,040

Wayne 3,734

City of Kichmond— 1st Ward 1,909

2d Ward 1,760

3d Ward 881

4th Ward 3,173

5th Ward 1,722 9,445

32,938 29,568 25,297

Population of the Towns in 1870.

Abington 161 Franklin 80

Bethel 88 Hagerstown 830

Cambridge City 2,162 Jacksonburg... 109

Centerville 1,077 Milton 823

Dalton 73 Newport 343

Dublin 1,076 Washington 379

East Germantown 536 Whitewater 144

Economy 229 Williamsburg 248

Note. — The population of the towns is included in the population of the townships.

18G0.

1850.

924

1,042

897

936

2,765

2,822

1,069

1,052

789

855

1,283

1,362

1,319

1,532

644

766

4,311

3,466

1,752

1,723

1,370

1,609

837

868

2,171

2,305

2,834

3,516

6,603

1,443

PROPERTY AND TAXES. 189

PEOPERTY AND TAXES.

A regular annual statement of the valuation and assessment of real and personal estate, prior to 1842, is not to be found in the records of the count3\ At first, lands were classed as lirst- rate, second-rate, and third-rate, and taxed, per 100 acres, 10, 20, 30, or 40 cents, according to quality. Taxes were also laid per head on horses, and sometimes on wagons, watches, and other articles. And what is, perhaps, not generally known, there were, for a few years, taxes on slaves and 7nen of color.

For the first two j'ears mentioned below, only the taxes levied are given.

1S15— County Land Tax, $424.24; Tax on Horses, $739; on Slaves, $20; on Men of Color, $15; Merchants' Licenses, $86.86. Total Taxes, $1,265.10.

1819— County Land Tax, $718.87; Tax on Horses, $918.08; Town Lots, $273.04; State Tax, $143.74. Total Tax, $3,347.73.

Real Estate. Persoual. Total. Tax.

1842 $3,505,548 $828,533 $4,334,081

1845 3,568,958 985,463 4,554,421 $19,939

1850 3,913,385 1,364,101 5,277,486

1855 4,991,803 3,889,097 8,880,900 74,012

1860 9,976,794 4,706,794 14,683,237 93,845

1865 11,617,105 6,406,195 18,517,885 355,442

1870 12,214,330 9,070,880 21,285,210 348,556

140 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

POST-OFFICES AND POSTMASTERS.

The following lists embrace the names of the post-offices established, and of all the postmasters appointed in the county since its organization, with the exception of a few of the earlier ones. By a fire in the post-office at Washington many 3'ears since, a portion of the records were burnt, and the dates of some of the early appointments can not be ascertained:

Abington. — Ralj^li Shawmbourie, appointed . Daniel Weaver, March

2, 1837. Powell Slade, April 18, 1861. Bennett D. Bonebrake, March 17, 1871.

Becson. — George A. Richmond, Aug. 25, 1865. [Discontinued Oct. 14, 1868.]

Bethel. — Wm. E. Hindman, Jan. 7, 1850. Joseph Unthank, Jan. 19,

1850. Curtis W. Wiggs, Dec. 30, 1850. John A. Unthank, Sept. 29, 1851. Jacob Harlan, Oct. 1, 1853. Richard Henderson, March 31, 1854. Peter M. Ellis, April 23, 1856. Raiford Wiggs, Feb. 12, 1858. Nathan Harlan, March 20, 1858. Wm. A. Chance, Jan. 5, 1860. Nathan Harlan, June 3, 1861. Martin Wiley, Jan. 14, 1863. Jesse P. Parker, Jan. 10, 1866. Nathan Harlan, July 3, 1866. Jesse E. Jones, April 13, 1867. Nathan Harlan, Sept 20, 1869.

Boston.— \Ym. Russey, March 21, 1837. Thomas Messick, Dec. 6, 1839. Isaac Craig, July 8, 1842. Louis C. Evans, July 5, 1844. Aaron Druley, April 8, 1848. Jesse Pearce, Aug. 1, 1849. John H. Stearns, Oct. 22,

1851. Joseph T. Druley, Dec. 3, 1852. John Deal, July 17, 1854. Joseph T. Druley, April 3, 1856. Eliphalet Stanley, Sept. 14, 1857. Benj. F. Deal, June 2, 1858. John Steel, Jan. 7, 1860. Jacob F. Rinehart, April 8, 1865. Nicholas F. Templeton, Oct. 10, 1866. David C. Jenks, June 2, 1868. Oliver H. Fouts, June 15, 1869. Jacob F. Rinehart, March 7, 1870.

Cambridge. — Sanford Lackey, March 11, 1835. John H. Brown, March 15, 1843. Michael Johnsonbaugh, March 16, 1849. Alexander W. Ray, Dec. 10, 1849. Simon S. Clackner, May 30, 1851. John C. Lutz, Dec. 28,

1852. Nathan Raymond, June 2, 1853. James M. Cockefair, May 6, 1858. John C. Lutz, Aug. 27, 1860. John A. Smith, March 16, 1861. [Name changed June 30, 1864, to] ..

Cambridge City. — John A*'Smith, June 30, 1864. Nathan JR. Bennett, May 28, 1867. Lemuel R. Johnson, March 26, 1869.

Centerville.—EWi&h. Fisher, . John E. Dunham, Oct. 5, 1832.

Myers Seaton, Aug. 16, 1843. John B. Stitt, April 26, 1853. Benj. Jemi- son, .July 2, 1856. Isaac H. Julian, March 16, 1861. Therese A. Widup,

POST-OFFICES .AND POSTMASTERS. 141

June 2, 1865. Cyntliia Tuttle, Oct. 27, 1866. Therese Widup, March 24, 18G9.

Chester. — David W. Lupton, Dec. 13, 1848. James Cammack, May 17, 1849. Jacob Purinton, Oct. 30, 1850. Amos Stackhouse, Sept. 24, 1851. Joseph Fulghum, June 21, 1853. Samuel C. Iredell, Sept. 5, 1854. Wm. B. Williams, Jan. 28, 1856. Larkin T. Ellis, Jan. 13, 1857. Eichard Hen- derson, Jan. 14, 1859. MacamyWasson, April 15, 1861. James M. Shute, July 6, 1864. Wm. Bennett, June 2, 1865. Jacob Branson, Sept. 23, 1865. Wm. Bennett, March 19, 1866. Nathan S. Williams, April 16, 1867. John W. Martin, Dec. 11, 1868.

Cox's Mills.— Enos Thomas, April 9, 1850. Wm. Wright, June 16, 1854. Alexander Caffey, June 23, 1855. Wm. Thomas, April 27, 1860. Charles T. Price, Jan. 16, 1861. Alonzo Hunt, June 3, 1862. John N. Cox, July 3, 1865. Robert Cox, Jan. 21, 1868. [Office discontinued June 29, 1868; re-established Sept. 9, 1868.] Elihu Cox, appointed Sept. 9, 1868.

Dalton.—l^ee Palmyra.] John W. Smith, Feb. 13, 1838. Charles Bur- roughs, April 23, 1840. Wm. Davis, May 30, 1842. Samuel Mitchell, April 15, 1846. Isaac Reynolds, April 6, 1847. Wm. 0. Arment, July 31, 1848. Henry D. Root, Oct. 30, 1850. Clarkson Reynolds, Jan. 20, 1853. John B. Routh, Jan. 30, 1854. Clarkson Reynolds, March 7, 1855. Wm. S. Chamness, Aug. 22, 1855.

i)M5^m.— Samuel Schoolfield, Jan. 8, 1833. Noah W. Miner, Nov. 20, 1846. Henry Canutt, May 9, 1848. Henry A. Schoolfield, July 6, 1849. Ezra Walton, May 18, 1850. George W. Miller, April 25, 1853. Ezra Walton, Feb. 8, 1855. Samuel Hervey, Dec. 5, 1862. James B. McGrew, Dec. 29, 1868.

East Germantown. — Jacob Sowers, March 31, 1846. Theodore Riley, Sept. 29, 1851. Lucius A. West, Oct. 20, 1851. Peter Manning, April 15, 1852. Jacob Sowers, April 26, 1853. Henry B. Jamison, April 18, 1861. Philip S. Binkley, Feb. 14, 1865. Frederick Burkert, Nov. 7, 1865.

Economy. — Matthew Williams, . Barrett Barnett, Dec. 28, 1832.

John Thornburgh, May 9, 1838. Andrew Spillard, Feb. 14, 1842. Barna- bas Coffin, Aug. 16, 1842. Samuel Hervey, Jan. 21, 1846. Absalom Wright, March 1, 1852. Jonathan B. Clark, Dec. 8, 1865. George W. Bobbins, June 4, 1867.

Greens Forh.—\\m. W. Bunnell, Aug. 22, 1828. James W. Scott, Jan. 2, 1841. Elias F. Halliday, April 20, 1848. Edwin F. Ogborn, April 22, 1851. Moses Hatfield, Dec. 19, 1851. Cyrus E. Gates, Jan. 30, 1854. Thomas M. Kerr, April 11, 1855. Moses Hatfield, March 25, 1859. Jona- than Elliott, April 15, 1861. Albert II. Gunckel, Nov. 20, 1862. Moses Hatfield, March 23, 1864. Martin L. Roller, May 31, 1866. Wm. S. Hat- field, April 7, 1870.

Hagerstown. — [See Nettle Creek.] Wm. Murray, June 20, 1836. Wm. Baker, May 5, 1837. James E. Reeves, July 23, 1839. Elijah A^ansant, March 21, 1840. Joshua Howell, May 1, 1840. Thomas Williams, Nov. 20, 1846. George Debolt, Nov. 10, 1848. Robert Gordon, June 1, 1849. Wm. M. Thornburgh, Juno 27, 1849. Bird Hawkins, Nov. 29, 1852.

142 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

George Debolt, May 16, 1853. Walkin Williams, April 5, 1861. Wm. J. Spencer, March 27, 1867. Margaret A. Spencer, Jan. 29, 1868. Alexan- der C. Walker, March 29, 1869.

Jacksonburgh. — Abner M. Bradbury, . Calvin B. McCrae, Jan. 10,

1833. John Berry, June 22, 1833. Wm. A. Refner, April 4, 1835. Thad- deus Wright, Dec. 29, 1843. Moses D. Leeson, Feb. 20, 1846. Neal Hart, March 24, 1848. John Berry, May 2, 1849. James M. Flood, March 27, 1867. Amandus J. Boyer, April 7, 1868. Enos Beard, April 26, 1869. Lewis T. Bond, April 22, 1870.

iTaZorama.— John W. SteSy, May 30, 1862. [Discontinued Jan. 13, 1865.]

M7ton.— Elijah Coffin, . Henry Develin, June 19, 1833. John

Talbot, March 14, 1844. Henry Develin, April 5, 1844. Edward Roberts, March 13, 1849. Wm. McLaughlin, Aug, 24, 1853. Luther C. Chamber- lin, Jan. 25, 1854. Edward Roberts, April 20, 1861. Wm. H. Shaw, Oct. 23, 1866. Roland 0. Jones, Dec. 3, 1867. Richard Wallace, Aug. 31, 1868. Lewis Ellis, Feb. 12, 1869.

Neil's. Station. — Washington Woods, Aug. 24, 1857. Macamy Wasson, Sept. 8, 1857. [Discontinued Aug. 21, 1859 ; re-established Sept. 21, I860.] Adam C. Mizener, Sept. 21, 1860. [Discontinued Aug. 17, 1861; re-estab- lished Aug. 27, 1861.] Ezra Nye, Aug. 27, 1861. [Discontinued June 3, 1862.]

Nettle Creek. — Wm. Murray, . [Changed to Hagerstown, June

20, 1836.]

New Garden.— Kquvy H. Way, March 25, 1828. Joel Parker, June 7, 1838. Stanton Judkins, July 19, 1850. Jopatha S. Sellers, Dec. 28, 1857. Joel Parker, Feb. 9, 1858.

Olive Hill.— Oliver H. Shearon, Aug. 20, 1857. Wm. Brooks, April 15, 1858. Addison H. Harris, May 18, 1860. John F. Medaris, June 14, 1861. Daniel Culbertson, Feb. 1, 1866. Addison H. Harris, April 5, 1869. George W. Ebersol, March 7, 1870.

Palmyra.— Silas H. Beeson, May 25, 1835. Isaac W. Beeson, July 26, 1837. [Name changed to Dalton.]

Jtichmond.—Hohert Morrisson, 1818." Daniel Reid, 1829. James W. Borden, Aug. 27, 1836. Lynde Elliott, Feb. 25, 1840. Achilles Williams, May 31, 1841. Daniel D. Sloan, Aug. 16, 1843. James Elder, Jan. 10, 1846. Caleb R. Williams, March 16, 1849. James Elder, April 18, 1853. Achilles Williams, April 2, 1861. Edwin A. Jones, Oct. 26, 1866. Isaac H. Julian, April 5, 1869. Benj. W. Davis, May 25, 1871.

Walnut Level. — Lafayette Martindale, Oct. 5, 1865. [Discontinued Dec. 13, 1865.]

Webster.— Allen Teagle, Jan. 6, 1851. Joel Jeffery, Jun., Jan. 13, 1852. Isaac G. Sheward, Dec. 19, 1855. Addison H. Harris, April 12, 1858. Samuel Cook, June 1, 1860. Wm. Brooks, June 14, 1860. Simon Bond, Oct. 30, 1866.

Whitewater. — Jonathan D. Gray, July 10, 1832. John Price, Jan. 31, 1833. Stephen Elliott, Jan. 16, 1834. John H. Bruce, May 9, 1836. Jonathan R. Schenck, Feb. 13, 1840. Wm. B. Schenck, Nov. 2, 1842.

POST-OFFICES AND POSTMASTERS. 143

Wm. S. Bunch, Sept. 13, 1845. Peter M. Ellis, Nov. 5, 1845. Robert W. Hamilton, Sept. 17, 1849. James N. Starbuck, Nov. 5, 1852. Robert W. Hamilton, Dec. 5, 1852. Thomas T. Courtney, April 14, 1854. Lorenzo D. Bunch, Nov. 3, 1855. Peter M. Ellis, Feb. 29, 1860. John McFarland, March 16, 1861. Benj. W. Addleman, Jan. 9, 1864.

WilUamsburgh. — John Hough, about 1832. Fernando H. Lee, April 1, 1837. Moses Davisson, Sept. 16, 1839. Samuel Johnson, Nov. 27, 1849. Joseph F. Reynolds, June 12, 1862. Wm. P. Campbell, May 18, 1863. James R. Elliott, Sept. 24, 1863. James L. Pearce, Dec. 2, 1864.

144 HISTORY OF TTAYNE COUNTY.

ABIKGTON TOWNSHIP.

The township of Abington was formed in February, 1837. Although one of the Later organized townships, the eastern part of it is among the earUest settled portions of the county.

John Endsley, formerly from South Carolina, and in 1805 from Ohio, settled in what is now the east part of Abington, on John's Creek. With him, from Ohio, came his brother Abraham Endsley, who settled on the Whitewater, a mile from the mouth of Elkhorn, and two miles from town; and John Templeton, who settled about fifteen miles south, in now Union county. John Endsley traveled the distance between South Carolina and Wayne county seven times ; five times on horseback. The farm on which he settled and died was after- ward owned and occupied by his younger son John until his death in 1870. James, the elder son, resides on the farm ad- joining on the west, being that on which Andrew Endsley had settled, who was the father of Andrew, Jun., John, Sen., Abraham, Hugh, Thomas, Samuel, and Peter Endsley.

In 1805, John Cox, from Kentucky, purchased the land of which the site of the present town of Abington is a part. He died in March, 1811. His death is said to have been the first in the township. The land was inherited by his son John, whose sons were Joseph and John. Joseph and his father laid out the town, the plat of which was recorded December 5, 1817.

Charles Hunt, from !N"orth Carolina, settled in the south-east part of the present township, in the year 1807. His sons, G-eorge, John, William, Smith, Charles, and Stephen G., pre- ceded him the same year. Jonathan, James, and Timothy, came two or three years later. George was the first surveyor in the county, and the first clerk of the county courts. Tim- othy settled about a mile east of town, where he and his wife both died. The farm is owned by his sons Charles and Levi, who live on it, and Andrew, who lives in town. Smith set- tled in the north-east part of the township, and died in 1855;

ABINGTON TOWNSHIP. 145

Stephen G., near James Eadsley's ; John Hunt, north-east of town ; lands owned by his sons, Levi and Charles Hunt, and Wilson Hunt,

Henry Fender, from iSTorth Carolina, after a sojourn of a year or two eight miles south of Richmond, with six children, settled in 1810 or 1811, on the farm where his son Henry L. now resides, half a mile north-west of town, on the Centerville turnpike. He also entered the land where others of the family afterward settled. His sons were Jonathan, who removed from the county; Gabriel, who settled a half mile vrest of town, and is dead ; Jacob, who settled and still lives a mile and a half from town, on the Centerville turnpike; Littleton, who died near Kankakee, 111., and whose sons, John Milton and James H., reside in the township; Henry L., on his father's homestead ; and John H.

Gabriel Fender, brother of Henry, Sen., bought of David Railsback the farm three-fourths of a mile north-east of town, now owned by ]Sricholas Smith. He removed to South Bend.

Thomas MofHtt settled three-fourths of a mile south of town. By a change in county bounds his farm has been taken into Union county. On it was one of the forts built during the war of 1812, as a means of protection against the Indians. Another was built on the farm of Wni. Lewis, about a mile from the former. David Railsback settled near town in 1807, and died October 17, 1856. [Sk.]

William Dye, from Kentucky, settled, in 1810, one mile south-east of the town. [Sk.]

The following are names of some of the earlier settlers, but the years in which they respectively settled have not been ascertained :

Thomas Bradbury first settled four miles south-east of the town, now Union county, afterward two miles north of town; land now owned in part by Henry Paddock. James Lamb, from Scotland, settled, about 1818, near the mouth of Elkhorn, where now Jose[)h Boon Lamb resides. He died in 1811, aged 85. John Lamb, son of James, settled near his father, where his widow now lives. William, another son, on the farm now owned by C. C. Beeler, in Boston township. He died at Keokuk, Iowa.

146 hist:ry of wayne county.

"Wm. Jarrett settled about two and a half miles north-west of town; land now owned by J. W. Robbins, James Jarrett, and iSTelson Gable. George and Levi Jarrett settled near their brother William ; and another brother, Eli, where M. Rank now lives.

David Car.son settled in the north-east part of the township, where now his son David resides. He was son-in-law of Richard Rue, one of the first three settlers in Wayne county. John Plaukeuhorn bought of Wm. James the land now owned by his son, John Plankenhorn. Henry Long settled where Anderson Sweet lives, two miles north-west of the town. Ed- mund Jones, a native of Virginia, settled early three miles north-west of the town, now in his S-tth year. John Hendricks early owned the land where now Isam Stevens and John Madden reside.

John Wright settled near the north line of the township, and is still living, in his 85th year. John Ellis, where H. Wright

afterward settled, on land now owned by Wright's heirs.

Spahr entered early several sections in the north-ioest fart of the towniship. On these lands, at present, are Daniel, John, and Mary Spahr Burris, Joseph D. Spahr, Samuel Clevenger, Philip Jenkins, and John S. Henwood. Michael Helms, from Virginia, bought lands in the south-west part of the township, now principally owned by his son, Isaiah Helms. Thomas

, where now George Rank resides. Daniel Clevenger,

on land now owned by George Rodenberger, south part of the township ; also bought where Samuel Clevenger, Jun., lives.

In the south-west part of the township are lands now or lately owned by J. Jones, E. McCashin; in the south i^art, by D. Lee, S. Dye, A. Dye, the early settlers on which have not been ascertained.

In the vicinity of the town are lands now or lately owned by I. M. F. Stevens, P. Slade, L. Manning, M. Manning, D. Weaver, J. Long, Merriraan Brumiield, and others, the names of the first settlers on which have not been obtained. JSTathan, son of David Railsback, Sen., (not the first settler,) settled on the land now owned by his heirs, about two miles north of town.

In the north i^art of the township the names have not been

ABINGTON TOWNSHIP. 147

obtained of tlie early settlers on the lands now or lately owned by M. Bobbins, J. R. Meek, J. Crow, J. Frost and J. F. Rob- bins, R. Stevens, J. M. Snider, and others; also, A, Stinson, J. Stafer, J. Stinson, and S. Stevens in the western part of the township.

Hugh Endsley, brother of John, Sen., put up the first grist- mill [corn-cracker] on East Fork, a little below the mouth of Elkhorn, in 1808. Henry Whitinger, a few j^ears after, built there a hewed log one, with two runs of stones, one for corn and one for wheat. It was afterward bought by Julius C. Wood, who built a good frame flouring mill, now owned by his son, Valentine Wood, and standing idle. The second grist-mill was built about the year 1826, nearly a mile from the village, by Joseph Cox. He sold it to Rate Shawmbourie, who put up a better one, having a run of burr stones, and sold it to Merri- man Brumtield, who built another on or near the same site, with a saw-mill attached. Another saw-mill was built by Thomas Manning, at Abington, who, some years after [about 1839] sold it to D. & J. Weaver, who attached a carding machine and falling mill, and in 1845 built a large woolen factory. This pi'oving unprofitable, the building was sold and removed^to the viUage for a wagon and carriage shop. The same firm built a large fiouring mill a short distance below the old site, also a saw-mill in 1849, which are now owned by John B. Craft & Co.

The first Carding Machine — a rude establishment — was put up by Richard Sedgwick and Smith Hunt, at the mouth of Elk- horn. John Brower next [1824, or about that year,] built a carding and fulling mill near the north part of the town.

The first Merchant in Abington was Moses Cox, son of John Cox, Jun., about the year 1818. Some of his earlier suc- cessors— though, perhaps, not in the order mentionecl, were Samuel Hall, Hafer & Glanten, Middlecough & Beeks, Bone- brake & Manning. Later, the following were here as early, at least, as at the dates mentioned : Whitinger & Matchett, Thomas Ellis, and Michael Donlan & Co., in 1839; Wm. A. Beeks, Wm. Lipscomb, John Leach, in 1840; Williams & Dunbar, in 1841 ; James Rubey, Simpson Dye, in 1842; White & Hunt, in 1843; David M. Dunbar, AYhitinger & Dye, E. F. Donlan, 1815. Present merchants, Joshua Dye, grocer; Ha- man Dobbs, dry goods.

148 ' HISTOKY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

The first Blacksmith was John Hunt, who was also a gunsmith. His widow, a daughter of Lazarus Whitehead, is still living, at the age of about 84.

The first Religious Society was the Methodist Episcopal, organ- ized at an early period of the settlement of the township. Among its early members were Thomas Mofiitt and his wife; John Cox, his wife and son James; Peter Stevens, a preacher and also the first school teacher, near Moffitt's ; Henry Long, also a preacher, and his wife; Eli and Clark Penwell, and David Railsback, and their wives; Henry Fender, his son Jacob, and John Fender, Sen. The first preaching was in dwellings. Their first meeting-house was a log building on the hill, near the site of their present brick house.

The United Brethren formed a society about the year 1818. Among their early members were Isaac Shelby, an exhorter, Thomas Manning, W"m. Dye, Daniel Clevenger, with their wives, and George Bonebrake, a preacher. Their first regular preacher is believed to have been John Ross. The society built a frame house about the year 1828; the present brick house in 1854-55. This was a well-built house, and its interior was well and neatly finished. [It has, since the above was written, been nearly or quite destroyed by fire.]

As in other places along the "Whitewater, rattlesnakes abounded here at an early day." About a mile above where the town now is, a number of women who were, on a Sunday, sauntering, for pastime, along the stream, are said to have killed, with clubs and poles, upward of thirty rattlesnakes.

The Town of Abington was laid out in 1817, by John and Joseph Cox, proprietors. The certificate of the survey was recorded November 5, 1818.

Biographical and Genealogical.

"William Dye, a native of New Jersey, removed to Ken- tucky, and thence to "Wayne county in 1810, settled one mile south-east of where the town now is. He served in the war of 1812, and died in 1820. His widow died on the farm in her 88tli year. Their children, besides one that died in infancy, were John, Joshua, and Ellison, who were born in Kentucky ; Simpson, Phebe, Eli, who died at 24, and Nancy. John and

C^ I

,,...-"

iT.

ABINGTON TOWNSHIP. 149

Ellison removed to Hancock county. Joshua married Mary Nicholas, and had nine children ; six are living. He has been for many years, and is still a merchant in town.

Charles Hunt, from North Carolina, settled in the south- east part of the present township in the year 1807, about eight miles south-westerly from "Richmond, and built, the same year, a grist-mill [corn cracker] on the Elkhorn, the first in the count3\ He had been preceded by his sons George, John, Smith, and William, who had been sent on earlier in the sea- son to build the mill, accompanied by their sister Sally, who came to cook for them. Charles Hunt had nine sons and four daughters. The sons were : 1. Jonathan; 2. James; 3. Timo- thy, who came with their wives some two years after the others. Timothy settled a mile east of town, where he and his wife both died. The farm is owned by liis sons Charles and Levi, who live on it, and Andrew, who resides in town. 4. George, who married Patsey, daughter of Lazarus Whitehead; was a surveyor, and the first clerk of the county courts. 5. John, who married Polly Whitehead, also a daughter of L. Whitehead, and had nine children, all of whom but one were married, as follows: Caroline was married to Samuel Osborn ; William, to Harriet Smelser; Patsey, to Horton Ferguson, and resides at Milton; Lazarus, to a daughter of Dr. Matchett, of Abiugton;

Wilson, to Beeson, and lives in Abington township; Lo-

vinia, deceased, unmarried ; • was married to David Hale,

in Abington township. [Names of Mrs. Hale and the two other sisters not furnished.] John ILmt was probably the first blacksmith in Wayne county, and was also a gunsmith. He died October 30, 1851, in his 75tli year. His widow, Mary Hunt, more familiarly and widely known as Polly Hunt, whose portrait is here inserted, is still living, in her 84th year. 6. Smith, sixth son of Charles Hunt, married Betsey, a daughter of James Lamb; settled in the township, and died October 6, 1855, in his 73d 3'ear. 7. William married Elizabeth, a daugh- ter of Isaac Esteb. 8. Charles married Boon, of Ken- tucky. 9. Stephen G. married a daughter of James Lamb, and died November 18, 1837, aged 42 years. The daughters of Charles Hunt, Sen., were Polly, who married An- drews; Rebecca, who married Bryan, of Kentucky;

150 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

Salhj, Richard Sedgwick; Nancy, David T. Wyatt; Catharine, Thomas Bradbury.

David Railsback was born in Loudon county, Va., Decem- ber 12, 1769, and was married to Sarah Stevens. He removed to iTorth Carohna ; thence, in 1806, to Whitewater, and settled a half mile east of where Abington now is, in March, 1807. He afterward removed to a farm now" owned by Merriman Brumfield. He died October 17, 1856. He had twelve chil- dren, five of whom were born in this county. All lived to be married, and to raise large famihes; none having less than six, and one as many as seventeen. His children were: 1. Mary, wife of Wm. Lewis; they live in Iowa. 2. Enoch, who married Nancy Fouts. 3. Judith, wife of Thomas Cobb; re- moved to Lawrence county, Ind. 4. Edioard, who married Frances, daughter of James Hunt, and died in Iowa, in 1859. 5. William, who married Mary Rhodes; resides at Kankakee, 111. 6, 7. Caleb and llattheiv, twins, who married Nancy and Sarah Barnhill. Matthew died in 1844; Caleb lives in War- ren county. 8. Joel, who married Elizabeth Fouts, and lives in Wayne township. 9. David, who married Mary Smith, in Wayne township. 10. Nathan, who married Sina, daughter of Smith Hunt, and died in 1863. 11. John, who married Pamelia, daughter of Jesse Davenport, and died in 1860. 12. Sarah, wife of Larkin Garr, died in 1857.

Peter Smith, a native of Maryland, came from Kentucky as early, it is said, as 1805, and entered several quarter sections of land, though he did not settle on it until 1820. His chil- dren were : 1. Nicholas, who married Rebecca, a daughter of George Hunt, and lives near town. 2. Ma.ry, who married David Railsback. 3. Barbara, who married Christopher C. Beeler, now of Richmond. 4. John P., who married Mary Sedgwick, deceased, a few years ago. He now resides one and a half miles west of Richmond. 5. George JT., who married Clarissa, daughter of Joseph Lewis, of Green township. 6. James, who married Mary H. Hunt, 7. Irvin, who lives in Alexandria, Madison county. 8. Joseph W., unmarried. 9. Margaret, wife of Nelson Crow, who lives on the homestead of her father, adjoining the farm of George Smith, but lying on the east side of the township line, in Boston township.

BOSTON TOWNSHIP. 151

BOSTON TOWNSHIP.

This township Avas formed from Wajne in February, 1835, and lies in the south-east corner of the county. Its length east and west is 6 miles ; its breadth north and south is 4 miles, making an area of 24 square miles. The principal stream in this township is the Elkhorn, which enters it about IJ miles west of Ohio line, and, running a south-westerly course, leaves the township IJ miles south of the north-west corner, about half a mile above the mouth of the stream. Some of the earlier settlements in the county were n ade within its limits. With the exception of Ilohnan, Rue, and a few others in that neighborhood, and John Cox, tlie Ends- leys, aud perhaps a few others in what is now called Abing- ton, there were probably no earlier settlers in Wayne county. Thomas Bulla, Jacob Fonts, and Jesse Davenport settled on the Elkhorn, 4 or 5 miles south-east of Kichmond ; Daven- port and one or two of the Foutses, lower down, within the present townsliip of Boston — all tlie same year in which the Hoovers settled north of Richmond. The Hunts, the next year, settled on and near the Elkhorn, several miles below where Davenport settled.

In the north-ioest part of the township, Peter Weaver set- tled in 1807, on a part of the section, [19,] in the north-west corn r of the township ; the land now owned by Chiistopher C. Beeler, of Richmond. John Collins, in 1807, settled where Milton II. Beeson lives. James Landj, a native of Scotland, on land now owned by Catharine, widow of John Lamb, James Lamb died in September, 1841, aged 85 years. George Stevenson, on land now owned b}' his descendants. Abraham Gaar, from Kentucky, in April, 1807, where his son Larkin now resides. Aaron Martin, in 1807 or 1808, on a quarter, a part of which is now owned by Jeptha Turner. Jackson Rambo, an early settler, who died in 1816, agc'd 55 years, and in 1846, his widow, in her. 87th year; his land

152 HISTORY OP WAYNE COUNTY.

owned after his decease by James Sulser, now by his sons, Garrison and Hiram Sulser.

Lazarus Whitehead, in 1806, settled on land now owned by John Sedgwick. William Burk, on land now a part of the farm of Stephen Farlow, Wright Lancaster, from E". C, in 1808, on the quarter lately owned by George and iNathan Farlow, now by Wm. Paddock. Christopher Roddy, a black- smith, on land now owned by John Raper. Joshua Meek, where now George W. Stevenson lives. Hugh Cull, in 1806, on the land now owned by John W. Ilort, lately by James P. Burgess. Isaac Beeson, from ]^. C, in 1807, where his son Augustus Beeson lives. Robert Grimes, about 1808, on land now owned by his son Robert, and Henry Rodenburg. Abraham Esteb, on lands where Samuel and John Moore, and Alfred and Jacob S., sons of John Moore, reside. Ja- cob Keesling, from Pa., afterward Wm. Pouts, on land now owned by Isaac N. Seaney. Armstrong Grimes on land now owned by Eli Kilmer. Wm. Parsons, where James Watson resides.

In the north part of the township. Fielding Gaar settled on a part of section 21, lately occupied by R. Rue, now owned by Justice Kroskopf. Wm. Williams settled in 1814, where Isaac Bulla resides. He was a maker of spinning wheels, and removed to Richmond ; was also a minister in the society of Friends. Asa Jeffers settled on land now owned by Alonzo Osborn and Daniel W. Shatter. Adjoining this section on the south, James, William, and Robert Grimes owned the land now owned by John T. Williams. Daniel Hart, from N". C, settled, in 1814, on the land now owned by Francis Hendricks. Jesse Davenport, before mentioned, in 1806, set- tled on section 22, adjoining Wayne. A part of his laud is now owned by the heirs of George Grimes. Other parts of the section were owned or settled by Jeremiah Parker, Clark Williams, and Daniel Clark. Portions of the section are now owned by James McLain, Samuel S. Brown, Clayton Brown, Joseph Kokayne, Wm. Roberts, W. Elmer, and others. On the section adjoining, south, [27,] John McCombs, afterward John Ray, settled where now Wm. Ray resides. Jonathan Townsend, on the land now owned by Edward Timberlake.

BOSTON TO"\YXSniP. 153

Jacob Keesling bought the soutb part of the section, now o^Yned by Joseph M. Bulla, David Foiits's heirs, and Xathan Drule}'.

In the north-cast part of the township, [sec. 20,] AYm. Jones settled on the north half, now owned by Jose[)h M. Bulla, AVm. Feazel, andBenj. Brown. The south half, early owned l)y Jacob Keesling, now by Joseph M. and William Bulla, William Feazel, Henry II. Highly. Section 23, west half, iirst owners not remendjered ; north quarter novc owned chiefly l>y Andrew Giiibrd ; the south quarter by Jacob Shatter, James Watson, and Edward Scarce. The north-east quarter is owned by Kathan Druley. The south-east quar- ter, formerly owned by James Hartup and Samuel AYatts, now by Wm. Wolf and Wm. Watson's heirs. Daniel Shaf- fer, from A^irginia, came to the Whitewater country in 1809, and settled, in 1811, on section 24, on Ohio line, where he now resides, at the age of about 85 years. His wife died the 1st of January, 1807. On the quarter south, John Eaper from Va., settled early ; land now owned by James W. Shatter, and the heirs of Joseph Doran. Adam Zeek settled on the north- west quarter, which is now owned by his heirs, and David and Wm. Wolf. Henry Tinkle, on the quarter south, after- wards Benj. G. Moore, now owned by Harl)in H. Moore. On the section south, [25,] John Hollett settled on land lately owned b}^ Jacob Shaffer, now by Joseph Bosworth. Thomas Taylor, on the south-east C[uarter, where he now resides, at the age of 80 years. He first settled near the Falls of Elk- horr.

In the so}(th-east part of the township, [sec. 30,] Joshua Benton settled on the quarter owned by David Fouts's heirs, on 0:iio line. Jeremiah Girton on the quarter owned by Nathan Druley. On the section west, [35,] James Ilolman settle! where Dennis Druley lives ; John Jordan, about 1810, south-cast qr. ; sold out about 1813, to John Esteb, from I'a., and removed to Perry township, where he died ; land now owned by Wm. Esteb's heirs, Levi G. Druley, and Edward Byan. Absalom Eambo, on the south-west quarter, now owned chiefly by E"athan Druley and Sylvester Girton. Jo- seph Cravens settled about 1818 at or near where Charles

154 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

and Ricliard Allen own, on the corner section of the town- ship ; the north half of the section owned by Levi Druley. On a part of the section west, Thomas Wyatt, from Tenn., early, on land now owned by John Druley. He was a Rev- olutionary soldier and pensioner, and died at a very advanced age. Isaac Conley, on the quarter adjoining the town, now owned by his son, John J. Conley, where he died in 1864. He had early settled a mile north-west of town, on a small farm, wliere he also carried on for a few years the tanning business.

Wm. Holman settled on the south-east qr. of section 34, adjoining town, now owned by Levi Druley. North-east qr., owned lately by A. Lane, now by Il^athan Druley. John Miller, one of the first settlers on the south-west qr., where his son Wm. Miller lives. The north-west qr., land now owned by David Fonts's heirs ; first settler not remembered. Thomas Ward, early on section 33, where L'a Starr lives. Thomas Young, where Peter Shidler now lives. John Brat- tan, from iST. C, where Levi Stanley lives. Sec. 3, south-west of town, Samuel Beck, from IT. C, on the south-east qr., where Wm. Davenport lives. James Fisher, north-east qr., now owned by Wm. Seany and Oliver H. Fonts. Owsn Seany, Sen., from K. C, about 1809, south-west qr., where he resided until his death, in 1831. Pleasant Seany lives on the farm. Owen Seany, Jun., on a part of north-west qr., Avhere he died in March, 1871 ; land previously, though per- haps not first, owned by Thomas Cuppy. Section next vest, [4,] Peter Mellender, 1 mile west from town ; laud Litely owned by Isaac Mellender, his son, now by Polly Mellender. John Rife, (not first,) on the land now owned by his sor, Ja- cob Rife, a German Baptist [Dunker] preacher. Isaac Esteb, on the north-west corner of the section, now owned l-y his son Isaac M. Esteb's heirs. Benj. Jarvis, very early on the south-west qr., at or near where Zachariah Osborn liveij. He died in 1862, aged 82 years.

In the south-west 2)art of the township, Joel Moore is said to have settled on the qr. now owned by Samuel Moore. His son John Moore and sons, Jacob and Alfred, cwn and live on the east half of the section north, [32.] Samuel

BOSTON TOWNSHIP. 155

Jobe, a Baptist preacLer, on the land now owned by Samuel Osborn's heirs, Lazarus AVhitehead, in 1805, where now John kSedgwick lives; land on west line of the township. Isaac Beeson, probably, where his son Augustus now resides.

The tirst Fhysician resident in the township is not remem- bered. Among- those who have at ditterent times lived and practiced here, were Drs. Stevens, Butler, Wheeler, Iliram Bull, David S. Evans, and Wm, H. Evans. Present prac- ticing physicians, John J. Rife and Wm. F. Miller.

The first Merchant is supposed to have been a McMaster. According to the recollection of early settlers, the following succeeded AlcMaster, verly nearly in the order named : James Ilitf, Baxter & Dunham, Jacob W. Fisher & Wm. Fonts, Bull

& Haines, Wm. & John liussey, Irvin. From 1839 to

1845, the following are on record as having paid for store licenses : In 1839, Doughty & Widup, Joseph F. Chapman, Isaac Craig, until 1845, (perhaps later.) In 1844, Strattan & Burbank,John Strattan; in 1844 and 1845, Harvey & McCul- lough, Aaron Druley. There have also been named, Samuel & LeRoy McWhinney, Hiram Bulla & Joseph Druley, Smith, Druley & John Deal, John Druley, John Steele, Jacob F. Rinehart, Robert Swishey & Frank Templeton, David Jenks. Present merchant, Jacob F. Rinehart.

The following names of justices of the -peace appear in a number of old dockets now in the office of J. F. Rinehart, Esq. The years in which their respective records commence are also given. Isaac Esteb, 1819; James P. Burgess, 1829; Abraham Cuppy,'1834; Joseph A. Simpson, Stephen Mc- Whinney, 1835; Isaac Mellender, 1839 ; Wm. Druley, 1841 ; Alfred Moore, 1851; John II. Stearns, 1854; James Esteb, 1856; Jacob F. Rinehart, 1869. Present justices, Jacob F. Rinehart, James P. Burgess.

The first Gi'ist-mill in the county was built by Charles Hunt, in 1807, on the Elkhorn, about a mile above its mouth, iu:>w near the west line of Boston township. It was a tub mill, and a cheap one, called in those days ''corn-cracker." lie afterward built anew mill, which, after four or five years, was destroyed by fire. A steam saw-mill on the same site, is now owned b}^ James and John Ensley. [Since the above

156 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

was written, John Ensle}'' has died.] Jesse Davenport bnilt a grist-mill on the falls of Elkhorn creek, believed to have been the third one in the county. A few years later he built a saw-mill at the same place. These mills are but a few rods above the present mills, on the Richmond and Boston turn- pike. There are at present a grist-mill and a saw-mill, called "Eelief Mills," owned by Samuel S. Brown, "Wm. A. Elmer, and John "Wolf. A steam saw-mill was built in 1837, by Eliphalet Stanley, at Boston, and sold soon after to Jacob W. Fisher and Wm. Fonts, who sold to Smith Rader, and he to Irvin and others. James L. Harris, half a mile north of town, built a steam saw-mill, which is now owned by Wm. T. McCoy. There was for a time attached to it a run of burr stones for grinding corn. A lath-machine is now attached.

There are at Boston two tile factories; one owned by Sylves- ter Girton, the other by Wm. Hart.

A sorcjhum mill was built in 1866, by John J. Conley, near town. It has the capacity to manufacture 100 gallons of syrup per day. During the season, which continues through- out the fall months, about 4,000 gallons are made.

A BajMst Church was formed in 1806 or 1807, in what is now the west part of this township, composed chiefly of set- tlers on and near the Elkhorn creek, and is familiarly known as the " Elkhorn Church." It was the earliest church organ- ization in the county. The number of its members was small. Richard Rue, Lazarus Whitehead, Charles Hunt, and Isaac Esteb, and their wives, are believed to have been among its first members. Lazarus Whitehead was their pastor, and was the first minister with a charge in the county. Their meeting-house is near Elkhorn creek, about a mile above its mouth. Probably none of its first members are now living.

The Friends, soon after the Baptists, formed a society, and built a log meeting-house about 2^ miles north of Boston. The house had a stick and clay chimney, and was warmed by a charcoal fire in the center. Few persons. living remember the names of their early members. Only two have been mentioned, as certain : John Clark and Jeremiah Parker.

A Methodist Episcopal Church, in the north-west part of the township, was formed early, 1807 or 1808. Hugh Cull, who

BOSTON TOWNSHIP. 157

settled there about the time Rue and Hohnan came, was a Methodist preacher. He early invited the few families in the neighborhood to come to his cabin, and preached to them. As soon as the itinerant ministers came within reach of him, he invited them to his home. Thev formed a class at his house, which was a regular preaching place for many j'cars. This church still exists, and, it is believed, has been regularly supplied with preaching until the present time.

A second llet/iodist Episcopal Church in the toAvnship was formed at the town of Boston. The date of its organization has not been ascertained. An old inhabitant, and one of the early members, names the folloAving as having joined at the time, or very soon after the class was formed : Jacob Meek, Peter Mellender, ISTicholas Druley, Samuel Druley, James Holman, Samuel Beck, Joseph (Graven, Andrew Jones, Absa- lom liambo, John Esteb, James Esteb, and probably the wives of some or all of them. They built a frame meeting- house in or about the year 1838. As in some other places mentioned in our history, a separation was caused by anti- slavery agitation. The church was greatly enfeebled by the division — so much so, that for many years it could hardly be said to have an existence. Although it has recently been reorganized, its membership does not exceed about twenty- five in number.

The Free Methodists organized a church some five or six years ago. Some of their earl}* members were Ira Starr, Harbin H. Moore, John Druley, Wm. Miller, Emsley Daven- port.

The UniversaUst Church was organized in July, 1869. In 1868, they built a brick meeting-house jointly with the Free Masons, who occupy the upper story.

The town of New Boston was laid out by James IliiF, Ste- phen McWhinuey, "Wm. Druley, Samuel Shinn, proprietors. The plat and survey were recorded August 30, 1832.

Downey Lodge, No. 233, of Free and Accepted 3Iasons, was organized under a charter granted May 25, 1858. Charter Members : :N"icho]as Druley, W. M. ; John H. Stearns, S. W.; Joseph M. Bulla, J. W. ; Joseph Clengenpul, S. D.; Joseph T. Druley, J. W. ; Louis Pigg, Tyler ; J. M. Jones, Secretary.

158 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

Present Officers : Joliu I. Rife, W. M.; W. P. Druley, S. W. ; John Moss, J. W. ; Joseph S. Benliem, S. D. ; Erasmus Sto- ver, J. D.; Samuel Oler, Treasurer; Samuel I. Johnson, Secre- tary ; Charles Allen, Tyler.

Rinehart Lodge, 310, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, was organized June 11, 1868. The charter was granted May 20, 1868, on application of Jacob F. Rinehart, Henry Hawkins, Enos Geary, Philip Schneider, and Charles Corns. First Of- ficers: Jacob F. Rinehart, 'N. G. ; Oliver H. Toney, V. G. ; Samuel J. Johnson, Secretary ; Henry C. Fonts, Per. Secre- tary; Levi G. Druley, Treasurer.

JBiograjyhical and Genealogical.

Joseph M. Bulla, son of Thomas Bulhi, an early settler, was born where his father iirst settled, on the Elkhorn, in the south- east part of Wayne township. He was married to Nancy Wilson, and settled in the towuship of Boston, about five miles from Richmond, where he now resides. They had eleven chil- dren, three sons and eight daughters. Besides sundry trusts of minor importance, Mr. B. held, from 1842 to 1848, the office of county commissioner, and was soon after elected a rep- resentative of the county in the state legislature.

James P. Burgess came to this county about the year 1820. He was married in 1821, and settled on the place where he now resides, in the north-west part of the township, about two miles and a half south from Richmond. Mr. Burgess and his wife are both still living. In March, 1871, the fiftieth an- niversary of his marriage was celebrated by the modern popu- lar festival, "golden wedding," at which, among the numerous guests, there were present five persons who attended the mar- riage in 1821. One of these was Lewis Burk, of Richmond, who then served at the table as carver, and who performed a similar service on the late occasion. Mr. Burgess, soon after his settlement, united with the Methodist Episcopal church in his neighborhood, and has ever since been one of its most ac- tive members and liberal supporters. He has been several times elected a justice of the peace, which office he now holds. , Conley, John J., son of Isaac Con ley, was born in what is now Boston township, February 23, 1812. After his majority

• BOSTON TOWNSHIP. 159

he ^YO^ked as carpenter and joiner and cabinet-maker about ten years. In 1841, he removed to Richmond, where he also, for several j'ears, carried on the manufacturing of shoe pegs, and subsequently the horticultural business for eleven years. In 1864, he bought his father's farm at Boston, on which he still resides. He has been twice married; first, to Isabella Grimes ; secondly, to Martha Curry, of Eaton, 0.; b}' each of whom he had two sons and two daughters : all but one daughter are liv- ing. The following are married: Robert G., who was in the late war three years; was in thirteen battles; was captured in the battle of the Wilderness; confined in Andersonville prison seven months; paroled and sent home, and discharged January 18, 1865. He married Ella Benton, and is a hardware mer- chant in Richmond, in the firm of G. W. Benton & Co. Mar}-, who married James Dean, and resides near Bloomingsport, Ind. Margaret, who married John Short, and lives in Wayne township.

Hugh Cull, who has been mentioned as one of the earliest settlers in the county, was born of Roman Catholic parents, in Havre de Grace, Maryland, October, 1759. He removed, when four years of age, with his father, to Pennsylvania, and thence, in 1777, to Kentucky, near where the city of Lexington now stands. He was married in 1785, in Henry county, to Rachel Meek, then in her sixteenth year; and in 1805 removed to the place where he died, now in Boston township, about five miles below Richmond, near the Elkhorn. He was a Methodist local preacher, and actively engaged for years in preaching the gospel before traveling preachers had found their way into the new settlements. He was a member of the convention which framed the first constitution of the state, and which then met at Corydon. His biographer, Rev. Wm. C. Smith, dates his death August 31, 1862, and adds, "aged 104 years and 10 months." If, however, he was born and died at the dates given, he would have been but 102 years and ten months. As he is generally said to have been 105 years, Mr. Smith probably erred in giving the year of his birth or that of his death.

Nicholas Druley, from North Carolina, in 1812, settled in Wayne county a mile and a half south of the town of Boston, now in Union county. He had nine children who attained to

160 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

the age of majority, and were married. 1. Lethe was married to Greenup Holman, and removed to Grant county, where she now resides. 2. Levi, to Agnes Sedgwick, and lives in the township. 3. Elizabeth, to Leonard Templetou. 4. Aaron, to Martha, daughter of Stephen G. Hunt, son of Charles Hunt, Sen. 5. Dennis, first to Nancy Jane Grimes, and after her death to Mary Jane Watson. 6. John, to ]S"ancy, daughter of Stephen G. Hunt. 7. Martha, to Levi "Wyatt, now in Preble county, Ohio. 8. Nicholas, to Elizabeth Gut- ter, (?) and lives in Harrison, Union county. 9. Joseph, to Elizabeth Price, and resides in Richmond. Several of the sons of Nicholas Druley, Sen., are large landholders. Levi^nd Nicholas own nearly equal quantities, about 700 acres each.

Abram Gaar was born in Hanover county, Virginia, Feb- ruary 28, 1769, and in 1805 removed to Kentucky. In 1807, he came to this county, and settled about four miles and a half south of Richmond, in the north-west part of 'the present township of Boston, where his son Larkin Gaar now "resides. He lived on the farm on which he first settled untiPhis death, August 20, 1861. He married in Virginia, and had eight chil- dren : Jonas, who resides in Richmond ; [Sk.] Fielding, who died in Utah ; Larkin, who lives on the homestead ; Abel, who resides at Berrien, Michigan ; Fanny, wife of Wm. Lamb who died in Iowa, where she resides; Rosa, wife of John In- gels who died at Milton, where she resides with her. son ; Martha, who married Jeptha Turner; Eliza Jane, who married Thomas Henderson.

Thomas Young, a native of Virginia, after a residence of several years in Ohio, settled in this county in 1833, on the farm on which Jacob Shidler now resides, about a mile and a half west from the town of Boston. He had six children, four sons and two daughters; of whom only two sons, John F. and Thomas N., settled in this county. John F. married a daugh- ter of Nathaniel McClure, Jun., of "Wayne township, and after

her death, , of Ohio, also deceased. He resides in

Richmond. Thomas N. also resides in Richmond. [Sk.]

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\

Ammm §aa^

CENTER TOWNSHIP. 161

\

CENTER TOWNSHIP.

Tills township was formed in An2:ust, 1817, and comprises an area of about 49 miles. It is 9 miles in length, north and south. Its average breadth is less than 5J miles, being on tlie north line oh miles, and on the south about 6f miles. It is watered, principally, by ]^oland's Fork and its branches. The main branch of the stream enters the township near the north- east corner, and passes through it to the south-west corner. It derives its name from Daniel Noland, the first settler in its val- le}", about four miles south-west from Centerville, now in the township of Washington.

Among the earliest settlers in the township were those who first settled on this stream. They were the following: Isaac Julian, on the land now owned by Oliver II. Brumfield, IJ miles south-west of Centerville. Mr. Julian's cabin was, in the time of the Indian alarms, altered to a block-house. In this house, which stood a little below Ephraim Alerritt's pres- ent residence, his first three children were born, jNathan Overman settled near and west of town, the land now owned by Wm. S. T. Morton. Henry Bryan, Wm. Hosier, Robert Culbertson, Greenburg Cornelius, some of the Kings, and others, also settled in this valley.

Ascending the valley of the creek, on the loest side from the south-west corner of the township, were the following, not all of whom, however, were among tiie earliest settlers in the township : David J. Woods, who built a grist-mill and a saw- mill. A saw-mill is still continued there by Robert Delap.

James , on the land now owned by S. Nefi:". Thomas

McCoy, from Kentucky, who had settled, with Ilolman and others, in 1805, a few miles south of Richmond, and who re- moved, in 1813, to this township, where his sons John and Morgan now reside. Joseph W. Jackson, now next north, was an early settler, and near there, Jacob Hyers, who died in Madison county. Wm. Crawford, where now Richard G.

162 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

Charmaii lives. Crawford also manufactured wliisky on a small scale, and was, probably, the first distiller in the county. Caleb Jackson, where his son Caleb B. Jackson now resides. Greenbury Cornelias, in 1811, on the land belonging to the present county asylum. Wm. Harvey, on the quarter east of the above. John Harvey, from JSTorth Carolina, on land now owned by the heirs of John P. Harvey. Robert Commons, from Virginia, settled, in 1813, where he died December 19, 1837, aged 90 years; the place now owned by John Myers. James Townsend, from South Carolina, on land now owned by Melinda King. Joseph Holman, on the land now owned by Wm. Q. Elliott. Axium Elliott, from ISTorth Carolina, three miles north from Centerville; land now owned by Mark Elliott's heirs. Robert Galbraith, where Joseph A. Commons resides, four miles north from town. John Copeland, first, afterward Daniel King, from Kentucky, about 1816, near where he now lives. His son Levi now lives on the home- stead. Robert Culbertson, from Kentucky, in 1815, on land lately owned by Leonard Wolfert, now by Lorenzo D, King. He lives with his son William, four miles north of Centerville. Edward Benbo, on the land now owned by the heirs of Jack- son Culbertson. Walter Roberts, from South Carolina, son of Thomas Roberts, an early settler near Richmond, settled, in 1816, where he now lives. John Stigleman, where his son Henry now resides. Joseph t)verman, from JSTorth Carolina, about 1813, where he still resides, in the north-east part of the township. Michael Harvey, from North Carolina, in the

north-east part of the township, where his sons reside.

Whitson, about 1812, where his sou John resides. John El- wood, from Delaware, where his son Levi lately lived.

Descending on the east side of the stream, we mention Jacob Griffin, from North Carohua, about 1813, who settled two miles north from town, on land now owned by his son Joshua and Walter G. Stevens. John Maxwell, from Tennessee, a blacksmith and farmer, about 1814, where his sou John M. lately resided; the land since sold to James Dunbar, from Abington in 1844, who died in 1869, aged 48, and now owned by his heirs. John King, from Kentucky, entered, about 1812, the land since owned by his son Joseph, now by Joseph's

CENTER TOWNSHIP. 163

heirs. Joseph Cook settled on land now owned by James Rassell. Jehu Wickersham, in 1816, on land now owned by Oliver T, Jones [not where O. T. J. resides]. John Garrett, where Joseph J. King resides. Wm. Hosier, from North Car- olina, in 1811, on the quarter section now owned and occupied by David Commons, and on which he lives. Eobert Harvey, from North Carolina, on the adjoining quarter north, also now owned by David Commons. AVm. Sumner, from Virginia, near town, sold to John King, now owned by Jackson King, his youngest son. His other sons were James W. D., Wm. S., Joseph, and Presley. All settled in the township, west and north-west of the town. Wm. Sumner also owned the land on which Centerville stands. Israel Elliott settled on the land hitely owned by Norris Jones, near town. James Junkins, afterward Elisha King, on the land now owned by George Houck. Robert Black, on land now owned by his widow and sons. Henry Bryan, a native of Delaware, removed from Pennsylvania, in 1811, to the farm on which he died, now owned by the heirs of Wm. Gentry, near the south-west cor- ner of the township. He was the first county surveyor.

In the south part of the township, Isaac Williams settled on land afterward owned by Samuel McConnaha, now by Thomas McConnaha, his son. David Galbraith and his son John, where Jacob Wagoner lived; land now owned by Joshua Eli- ason. Nathaniel Bell, from Kentucky, one mile south of town, where Martin IT. Eliason lives. Daniel Crow, a native of North Carolina, two miles south from town, where he still resides, his youngest son, Jacob, living with him. His other sons are, Stephen, in Washington township ; Ashford and Ja- cob, on the homestead ; Nelson, in Boston township. • John Smith, son of John Smith, an early proprietor of Rich- mond, settled one and a half miles south-east from town, on land afterward owned by Paul Frazier, now by his heirs. Wm. Bundy settled where, at the age of 84 years, he still lives with his son-in-law, Amos Haines. Peter and Zachary Dicks, from North Carolina, about 1812,- three miles south- east from town on land now owned by tlieir heirs. Beale Butler, in the south-east part of the township; the land now the property of Isam Smelser and Stephen Farlow. Butler

104 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

was a judge and a county commissioner. John Jones, from Virginia, three miles south from town, where he still lives, at the age of 82 years. He was several times elected to the legis- lature, and is a highly respected citizen.

In the east 'part of the township, John C. Kibbey, from New Jersey, settled at Salisbury, and owned considerable land there, a part of which is now owned by John P. Voss. Jeremy Mansur, from Massachusetts, settled at Salisbury. He was a blacksmith, and famed as an ax-maker; was afterward a farmer. Parts of the farm are now owned by Joseph C. Rat- lift" and Thomas Wyatt. Joseph Kem, early on section 15, the section now owned by Joseph C. Ratlifl!', James Forkner, T. & J. Miller. Kem resides in Richmond. Isaac Miller set- tled on the east line of the township, on lands on and near which he and his sons, A. J., James A., L. D., David, and Ohver reside. Richard Pedrick, (probably not the first,) where are now Thomas and J. Roberts. James E. Bryant, on land early owned by Thomas Aired. Yinuedge Russell and Rich- ard Pedrick, on the section [10] on which John M. Eliason and others reside. Wm. Culbertson, on land first improved by George Yinnedge. Thomas Culbertson and Richard Cheese- man, early, where Presley, Caleb W., and Lorenzo D. lung reside, on and near Poland's Fork. Joseph Overman, where he still lives," and his son Emsley. Wm. Thornburg, from Yirginia, in 1810, to "Wayne, and thence in 1816 to Center, near the north line, and near where his son Walter resides. He died near Indianapolis in 1841, aged 64.

In the loest part of the tow^nship, Jacob Brooks, a native of Yirginia, from Ohio in 1827, settled, where he lately lived, on the township line ; now lives on section 22, north side of the

National road. Conover, also on the west line; land

now owned by Wm. Conover, first settled by John Woodward. Charles Canaday, early, where David B. Beeson resides. James Martin, from North Carolina, where his son James B. resides. Samuel Parker, where Henry Gates resides. Jehu Wickersham, (not the Jehu Wickersham before mentioned,) settled where Eli Cook lives. Philip Kitterman, (not the first settler,) where his heirs reside. Ezekiel Commons, in 1813 or 1814, where James Black resides. Daniel Stone, afterward

CENTER TOWNSHIP. 165

James Neal, a farmer, blacksmith, and innkeeper, on the land now owned l\y J. & C. Starr. John Hill, from North Caro- lina, about 1814, on the land now owned by Wm. Xorman's heirs. Peter Edwards, from jSTorth Carolina, on land now owned by Jesse and Stephen Horney. Francis Coffin, from North Carolina, on section 11, the land now owned chiefly by Cyrus, Dorelis, and Hiram Huff. John King, from Kentucky, settled, in 1828, where widow Sarah King lives. lie died in 1859, aged 75. Mark Elliott came from jSTorth Carolina, with his father, Exum Elliott, and settled in the north-west part of the township, near wdiere he died in 1858, aged 44, on the place where his widow lives. His son William, who married Rebecca, daughter of Joseph Jackson, now^ lives near his mother. Sarah E., daughter of Mark Elliott, married Marion J. Barr.

Benj. Maudlin, from North Carolina, in 1807, to Wayne township, and in 1813 to Center, two and a half miles north of Centerville ; removed to Michigan about 1835, where he died. His son John married Kebecca Elliott, and lives three miles north-west from town. ]Mark, his son, resides two miles north- west from town. John W^. Tindale, from Ohio, in 1840, settled in Green, and in 1854, where he now resides, in the north part of Center. Joseph Palmer, from Virginia, in 1829, settled south of Centerville; his son Daniel now lives in Center, one and a half miles w^est of Dover.

James Thompson, a native of New Jersey, removed from Ohio to the place now occupied by his son-in-law, Wm. Frame. He died in 1869, aged 76 years. His son William lives on land adjoining on the west. Lewis Forkner, from North Car- olina, settled in Centerville in 1817, and died in 1824. His son James is a merchant in Centerville.

The first Saw-mill in tlie township was built b}' Asa Provo, about the year 1817, on Noland"s Fork, three miles north of Centerville, Another, about a mile below, by John Cope- land, about the same time. Robert Harvey, another, on the same stream, one and a half miles north--west from town, on the present site of the mills of David Commons. Axum White built a sa-w-mill above Harvey's, afterward owned by Norris Jones, since rebuilt by Daniel Shank; no mill is now

166 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

running there. Another was built by I^athan Overman, about 1827, one mile west of town; and another below that, by N"athan HoUingsworth, where one is still running. A steam saw-mill was built in 186S, in the east part of the toAvn, by Lyman & Haines.

The first Grist-mill [corn-cracker] was built about 1816, by James Crawford, one mile south-west of town. It was after- ward owned by Jacob Wolf, who run it ten or fifteen years, and sold it to Jacob Crull, Jun., who pebuilt it, and sold it to Nathan HoUingsworth, Avho also improved it, and run it about twenty years; and after passing through the hands of several owners, it came into the possession of its present proprietors, — — Clark and John P. Smith. Eobert Harvey built a cheap mill near his saw-mill, sold it to David Commons, who built in its place a first-class flouring-mill, which he thoroughly repaired in 1869. David J. Woods built a grist-mill and a saw-mill in the south-west corner of the township. A saw- mill is continued there by Robert Delap. A steam flouring- mill was built about ten years ago by "Wm. Piatt, and fell into the hands of Norris Jones, who sold it to John Latshaw. It was afterward destroyed by fire. Another was built in its place, but is not running at }iresent.

A Carding-machine was built by !N"athan Overman, one mile west of Centerville, believed to have been the only one ever in the township.

Among the early Blacksmiths — perhaps the first in the town- ship— was John Maxwell, about two miles north of town. Jeremy Mansur, the famed ax maker, settled in Salisbury. There were few of the old settlers who were not supplied by him with that indispensable article, of a superior quality.

A Tannery, supposed to have been the first in the township, was established by Robert Galbraith, three miles north trom Centerville. John Lewis built one in town about 1818.

Town of Centerville.

This is the oldest town in the county of Wayne. The

ground was a donation from Israel Elliott and Ethan A.

Stone, of Cincinnati. It was laid out by the trustees, Isaac

Julian, Joseph Ilolman, and Wm. Harvey. The survey.

CENTER TOWNSHIP. 167

made by Henry Bryan, is dated October 20, 1814, and certi- fied by the trustees, Jan. 2, 1815. Additions were made to the plat, as follows: By Joseph Evans, March, 1818; by Lot Pugh, Micajah T. Williams, and Arthur Henrie, June 1, 1818; by Vm. Sumner, Jan. 21, 1810; by Wni. M. Douo-hty and "Wm. Elliott, Dec. 14, 1830; by Israel Al)rahams, Dec, 1833. The cemetery was laid out by the trustees in ^Nlay, 1849. Certain lots were specially a})pro[>riated for the burial of col- ored people.

The first Innkeeper in Centerville is said to have been Rachel IS'eal. Other early keepers of public houses were Wm. V^aughan, Levi M. Jones, and Samuel Hannah. The present one is T. L. Howan, proprietor of the American House. He is a son of Henry Rowan, who, since 1835, was most of the time a resident of Centerville, until his death, in 1869.

The first Blacksmith in Centerville is,snpposed to have been Isaac Forkner. Lewis Burk, now of Richmond, and Frederic Dillon, came soon after.

Edward Benbo, Daniel Lantz, and Wm. Hill were early Wagon-makers. The present is John Lantz. Carriage-maker, John Ilouck.

Jacob X. Booker was probably the first Hatter. George Troxell and Wm. Widup also were early hatters. There was in those daj's in almost every liamlet a hatter, who sup- plied the inliabitants as generally Avith hats of his own man- ufacture as the cooper, or the wagon-maker, or the calii net- maker did with his fabrics. Few hats were seen in country stores except such as had been taken of the village hatter in exchange for store goods. Men's and boys' hats for common wear were made of wool. For " Sunday wear," the wool bodies were covered with fur, and resendjled the silk hats of the present time.

Earl}' Cabinet-makers were Iliatt, Wm. L. Reynolds,

Hiram E. Ilurlbut.

JMartin Ilornish and John Chapman were, perhaps, the first Shoemakers. Those at present engaged in the making and sale of boots and shoes in this town, are Alfred Lashly, Scott & Strayer, James Kirk.

168 HISTORY OF WATXE COUNTY.

The first Tailor was Charles F. Reed, and after him were John E. Dunham, Matthew W. Jack, Wm. B. Hornish.

Early Carpenters were Jesse Willetts, Jacob Hornish.

The first Merchant in Centerville who kept a considerable stock and general assortment of goods, is said to have been Samuel P. Booker. He had, however, been preceded by Lawrence H. Branuon and Caleb Lewis, in partnership, with a small lot, to supply the more pressing needs of the early in- habitants. Next to Booker was James Blair, in 1823, and soon after, Israel Abrahams, from Washington township, in which he had kept the first store, about three miles east of Milton. Among those who came within a few years afterward were Isaac Burbank, about 1824, Richard Cheeseman,Lot Bloom- field, Thomas Commons, and Jesse Williams. The follow- ing named persons are known to have traded here in the years mentioned, some of them, perhaps, earlier as well as later : In 1838, Myers Seaton, Snyder & Adams, Jacob Fisher, A. W. Ray & Co. In 1839, Holman & Ray, Hannah & New- man. In 1840, J. & H. Purviance & Co., Isaac Burbank. In 1841, Elmer & Forkner, Wm. B. Hornish, Richard H. Swain. In 1844, Wm. Arnold. Present merchants: Dry Goods — Isaac Burbank, James Forkner, Wm. S. T. Morton, John B. Vauaernam, Samuel C. Doughty. Grocers — Henry C. Lee- son, C. Failor & Co., Michael L. Hornish, Bowers,

Fletcher Medaris. Druggists — Pritchett & Dickey, John E. Pugh.

The first Physician residing in Centerville was David F. Sacket, from Salisbury, where he had also served the county as recorder. Next came Dr. Ira Pier, after whom, Drs. John C. Cruise, Wm. Pugh, Isaac V. Dorsey, John Pritchett, and others. Present physicians — John Pritchett, Wm. Dickey, Wm. F. King, Calvin Wood, John Cleveland.

The first Lawyer is supposed to have been Bethuel Morris, from Virginia, in 1818 or 1819. He removed to Indianapo- lis; was for many years a circuit judge, and the president of a bank. He died there at an advanced age.

James Rariden commenced practice in Centerville about the year 1820, and continued it there about fifteen years. Cyrus Finch, from about 1824, and died there about 1828.

CENTER TOWNSHIP. 169

Martin ]M. JHnj came in 1827; was a good lawyer, removed to Indianapolis, Avliere he died. John S. iSTewman com- menced practice in 1828; removed to Indianapolis in 1860, where he now resides. John 13. Stitt practiced here several years, removed west, and died abont a year ago.

Charles H. Test came to Centerville in 1838 ; now resides at Indianapolis. Jacob B. Jnlian commenced in 1839. George W. Jnlian was admitted in 1811. Jesse P. Siddall commenced practice at Centerville in 1842 or 1843, and was for many years a law partner of John S. Newman. Michael Wilson commenced practice here in 1842. Thomas Means in 1843. Present practicing lawyers — Jacob B. Jmian, Mi- chael Wilson, AVm. A. Peele, John F. Jnlian, Thomas J.

Stndy, S. C. Whit^sell, John L. Rnpe, Henry C. Fox,

Walker.

The First National Bank of Centerville was established in 1863. Its stockholders were Jacob B. Jnlian, Oliver T. Jones, Joseph W. Jackson, David Commons, Joshna Elia- son, Jesse Cates, Jeremiah W. Swaftbrd, Wm. Cnlbertson, Alexander Cheeseman, Jos. C. EatlifF, Philip Jenkins, James Forkner, George W. Julian, and otliers. Oliver T. el ones was chosen President; Benj. L. Martin, Cashier. The latter de- clined, and J. P. Sontluird was elected. After a fcAv months, Jacob B. Jnlian was elected President, and Oliver T. Jones, Cashier. Since then no change has been made in its officers. Its capital is $100,000.

The 3Iacldne Shop and Saw-mill in Centerville was bnilt l)y Wharton L^-man, ISTorris Jones, and others, abont the year 185-. It is now owned by Fulghum.

The Enejine House and Town Hall building was erected in 1858, by J^^orris Jones, who also built the Odd Fellows' buihl- ing the same year. Perhaps no man has done more to im- prove the place than Mr. Jones.

The history of Neivspapers published at Centerville, as given in preceding pages, was condensed from a sketch in the True Republican of jSTov. 12, 1863, and terminated with the discontinuance of the Wayne County Chronicle in 1864, and the removal of the pregs and types to Cambridge. Since the sheets containing that history passed through the press,

170 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

the following supplement has been received, which is not in- appropriately inserted in this place :

In 1866, John and James Bromagem commenced The Union in Centerville, and published it about one year. In

1869, Charles W. Stevens established The Republican, and continued its publication about six months. And the first of July, 1871, R.J. Strickland revived the Wayne County Chron- icle, which is still published by him at Centerville.

The present Fuhlic School-house yvas built in pursuance of an act of the legislature, which authorized the establishment of a County Seminary hi each county, the cost of the building to be paid from the fines collected therein. In 1827 or 1828, the west wing was built; in 1841 or 1842, the east wing; and about the 3'ear 1851, the main building. In pursuance of a law under the new constitution, the county seminary buildings throughout the state were soM, and the proceeds put into the school fund. In 1853, the buildings were bought by the Methodists, who established a school under the name of Whitewater College, which was kept up until

1870, when the building was sold to the school trustees, and is now the public school-house. The present principal of the school is Edgar A. Browji.

The first Religious Society in the township was that of the Friends, who, in 1815, organized the West Grove meeting, about 3 miles north-west from Centerville, and built a log meeting-house. The society, at its organization, was com- posed of the families of Robert Commons, Wm. Hastings, James Townsend, Benj. Maudlin, Jacob Griffin, Wm. Harvey, Axuni Elliott, Obed Barnard, and perhaps Edward Benbo. It was named by Robert Commons, West Grove, that being the name of the place where he had resided in Pennsylvania. They met in the woods at the place selected for the meeting- house. The following named persons were also early mem- bers, some of them, perhaps, at the time of the organization : Abraham and Joseph Cook, Jehu Wickersham, John Max- well, John Brumfield, John Copeland, John Harvey, Robert Harvey, Charles Canaday, George Russell, Nathan Overman. Among their early preachers were Jesse Bond, Hannah Baldwin, and Daniel WiUiams, who is still living in Clay. This meeting has been continued until the present time.

CENTER TOWNSHIP. 171

A Baptist Church is said to have been formed early al)out 3 miles north of Centerville. Early members were Isaac Cotton, Samuel Taylor, preachers ; John Stigleman, Joshua Eliason, Ivichard Cheeseman, Isaac Yoorhees, and others. It lono- since ceased to exist.

The Methodist Ejnscojml Church of Centerville was formed in 1822. In the absence of early records of the society, re- course could be had only to the memorj^ of its early mem- bers, a fcAV of whom are still living. Among- the members wlio joined at or near the year of its orgtmization, were Israel Abrahams, Elisha King, Edward K. Hart, and their wives, Mrs. Hart, Samuel King, Margaret Ringo, John Scott and wife. Within a few years after, Mrs. Therese Einch, Al- fred Carter and Ephraim J. Merritt and tlieir wives, Mary Merritt, mother of Ephraim, and Elizabeth Hart. The first preachers are said to have been Russell Bigelow, George Gatch, John Strange, and James Havens. Their first meet- ings were held in the dwelling of the late Israel Abrahams, nearly opposite the Bank. In 1828, they built a frame meet- ing-house north of the present jail. Their brick house was built in 1842.

A llethodist Episcopal Church was formed some twenty-five or more years ago, aljout 3i miles north of Centerville, at the present Centerville Crossing, on the railroad. The par- ticulars of its history have not been obtained. There is near it a camp ground, on which meetings have been held for many successive years.

The Cumberland Presbyterian Church was organized in De- cember, 1S42, Rev. Le Roy Woods present and ofliciating. Members uniting were John E. Stitt, James AYoods, Eliza A. Bolander, Sarah Garthwaite, James II. and Susan Hudson, Henry Brown, A. F. Dunham, Francis Smith, E. C. Seaton, Mary Stitt. A little later, Elizabeth Burbank, Margaret Meredith, Wm. B. and Charlotte Hornish, David and Sarah Dinwiddle, Wm. and Martha McCord, Adam and Eve Trum- bull. For about a year the church had onlj^ occasional serv- ice, which was held in the Methodist house. In 1849, their present house of worship was built, ^under the superintend-

172 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

ence of E. McCord, Wm. McCord, Adam Trumbull, David Dinwiddle, Wm. Bolander, trustees. Le Roy Woods was their minister for several years, and was succeeded by Elam McCord. Rev. Felix G. Black became their minister in 1854; Charles Bond, March, 1866; Henry D. Onyett, the present pastor, April, 1867. Present elders — Wm. McCord, Adam Trumbull, ]^orris Jones. A Sabbath-school is con- nected with the church, superintended by the pastor.

The Christian Church was organized about the year 1832. A Baptist church had existed as early, probably, as 1820, among whose members were Jesse Thomas, Henry Shoe- maker, and others, and had commenced the building of a house of worship in the north part of the town. On the organ- ization of the Christian church, the Baptists gave up theirs, and most of them joined the Christians, who proceeded to finish the house, which they still occupy. Their minister at that time was Daniel Winder. They have since then been

served by Yan Buskirk, Samuel K. Hoshour, and others.

Among their early members were Joshua Eliason, Jesse Thomas, Jehiel Lampson, Judith King, John Winder.

The Presbyterian Church of Centerville was organized April 14, 1866. Present, Rev. James A. McKee, moderator, and Rev. L. W. Chapman; A. Samson, clerk. Members — John Mc- Earland and Ann, his wife, Wharton Lyman and Ann jNI., his wife, Caroline Dickey, Jane Rowan, Kate Johnson, John M. Coyner, elder, and Mary W.,his wife, Louisa A. Cun- ningham, Jane Doughty, Samuel Wilson, and Mary, his wife, M. Wilson, Elizabeth Young, Elizabeth Heuston. John McFarland and John M. Coyner were chosen elders ; Whar- ton Lyman, deacon. Services were on this occasion held in Snider Hall.

In May, 1866, Rev. Faunt Le Roy Senour was called as pastor of the church, and a Sabbath-school was organized ;

John M. Coyner chosen superintendent; Coggsliall,

assistant superintendent; S. A. Wilson, secretary. In June, Snider Hall was rented for a place of w^orship for one year. The trustees of the society were John McFarland, F. Y. Sni- der, Nimrod Johnson, Thomas Heuston, and the minister, who is a trustee, cx-officio. In 1869, T. J . was elected in

CENTER TOWNSHIP. 173

tlio place of Judge Johnson, deceased. In 1868, their brick church edifice was built. In October, 1867, Samuel Potter and John Smith were chosen elders. Mr. Senour, after a pastorate of two years, was succeeded by Rev. S. S. Potter, for alxnit two years ; and in May, 1870, Pev. Eben Muse, the pres- ent minister, commenced his labors.

Hosier Lodge, No. 23, 1. 0. O. F., was organized August 15, 1845. Its charter members were Francis King, Daniel Lantz, Lazarus ISToble, Israel Hannah, Enoch P. Justice, Milton Iliatt, Jason Ham. Its present ofhcers are John Pritchett, N. G. ; Henry D. Onyett, Y. G. ; Henry B. Leesou, Eec. Sec. ; Adam Trumbull, Per. Sec; Jonathan R. Whitacre, Treas.

Hiram Lodge, JVo. 42, (Masonic,) was organized May, 1847. Its charter members are not now known. Its officers were Francis King, W. M. ; Samuel Boyd, S. W. ; Martin M. Pay, J. W. ; John Pritchett, Sec.

This lodge was reorganized June 16, 1870, and is now Hiram Lodge, No. 417. Its officers are Joseph C. PatliiF, W. M. ; Wm. Dickey, S. W.; Elihu M. Parker, J. W. ; John Pritchett, Sec. ; Wm. A. Cliance, Treas. Its charter members were Joseph C. Ratliff, Wm. Dickey, EHhu M. Parker, Calvin J. Woods, Morgan McCoy, John F. Julian, John F. Kibbey, John Pritchett.

Biographical and Genealogical.

Lot Bloomfield, a lawyer, commenced practice in Center- ville in 1820. He was a good scholar, well read in general literature, and a man of fine mind, but was unsuccessful at the bar, withdrew from practice in a few years, and engaged in mercantile pursuits, in which he was very successful. He died many years ago in Indianapolis.

Samuel P. Booker, a native of Winchester, Virginia, was, as has been stated, one of the first merchants in Centerville, where he commenced business in 1818 or 1819. He is rep- resented as a man of fine personal appearance, of pleasing manners, and a shrewd business man. He was successful in business, dying the wealthiest man of his day in the county. He died July 19, 1823, the day on which he was 44 years of

174 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

age. His funeral was largely attended, being the first Masonic burial in the county; Joseph Holraan officiating.

Henry Bryan was born on the Brandywine, near "Wilming- ton, Delaware. When young, he removed with his parents to Beaver county, Pennsylvania; and thence he removed in 1811 to the farm on which he died, two miles south-west of Center- ville. He was a high-toned gentleman, a tine scholar, and held the office of county surveyor, from its creation to the time of his death, in the spring of 1835. His widow yet sur- vives.

Stephen Comer, from ISTorth Carolina, settled, first, two miles and a half north-east from Richmond, and soon after in Center, near Dover. During the Indian troubles, he fled to the vicinity of Richmond, and returned to his farm after the paci- fi.cation of the Indians, where he died in 1850, and where his son William resides. His children were John, William, Joseph, James, Rebecca, Stephen, and Mary. John married Elizabeth C. Teagle in 1823, and lived in Green, about a mile from Dover, where he died about the year 1838. His children are Mary Ann; William, living in Richmond; Joseph, manufac- turer of cutlery, one mile north of Richmond ; John, who re- sides in Green ; and Elizabeth.

Robert CoMxMONs was boril in Ireland in 1748, and removed in infancy with his father's family to Chester county, Pennsyl- vania. He was married to Ruth Hayes, and removed to West- ern Virginia in 1792, and thence, in 1812, to this township, a mile and a half north-west from Centerville, where he resided until his death, December 19, 1837, aged 89 years. He had nine children: 1. Lydia, who married Adam Davis in Vir- ginia; removed to North Carolina, and thence, in 1811, to Washington county, Indiana, and finally to Mercer county, Illinois. 2. Fhebe, who married Jesse Bond. [Sk.] 3. Isaac, who came to Whitewater in 1807 ; married Mary, daughter of John Townsend, and in 1810 settled seven miles north of Rich- mond, now in Franklin township. His children were Jonathan, who married a Miss Moore, and died near his father's. Han- nah, wife of Samuel Nicholson, in Franklin township. John, married, and now resides in Union City. Lydia, wife of Daniel Kitselman, Wayne township. Robert, who married

CENTER TOWNSHIP. 175

Elizabetli Cook, Wayne townsliip. Elvira, died unmarried. Jose[)li, married, and is decensed. Isaac, who is married, and resides in Riclimond. 4. WlUidm, son of Robert, Sen., mar- ried Sarah Brady. [Sk.] 5. Jo//>Miuirried Elizabeth Mote, of Ohio, and resides at Drakesville, Wapello county, Iowa. 6. Ezekid, who married. Sarah Julian, and had three sons and three daughters. Jesse, the only son living, is in Rush coanty.

Lj'dia, wife of Hulett, her third husband, lives in Rush

county. Elbina, wife of Allen Hatfield, lives in Hancock county. The other daughter deceased. Ezekiel Commons died in 18-31. 7. Hannah married Greenbury Cornelius in Virginia; both died in Center, in 1824. They had two sons: George, who lives in Tipton county ; David, in ]\Iadison county. 8. Nathan, who married Martha, daughter of Patrick Beard. Their children, Enos and Hannah, reside in Mississippi. 9. David, who I'csides in the township. [Sk.]

William Commons, a son of Robert, was born in Virginia, August 30, 1786, and came to Whitewater about 1810. He married Sarah Brady in 1815, and settled a mile and a half north-west from Centerville, and in 1823, one mile north of town, where now Oliver T. Jones resides. He built the first court-house and jail, (both of logs,) at Salisbury, and after- ward, at Centerville, the first jail [log] and the present court- house. He was esteemed for his moral worth ; was a friend to tlje poor, and ever ready to contribute to their relief. He died May 23, 1848. His wife died May 24, 1863. They had six sons and six daughters : 1. Ruth, who married Lewis Jones, a farmer and horticulturist. 2. David B., who died in Kansas. 3. llebecca, who married, first, Wm. Beverlin, second, Isaac Lewis, and lives at Rockville, Parke count}'. 4, 5. Reason and Charity, twins. Reason married Mary Woods, and removed to Iowa. He and his son Henry were in the late war. Henry died of sickness in camp; his father, also sick, died at Louis- ville, Kentucky, on his way homeward. Charity married, first, John Wolf, who died in Hancock county; second, Simpson Chandler, and died in the same county. 6. Eliza, who married Washington Henderson, who died in the township. 7. Ellen, who married Joseph P. Boyd, and lives in Mercer county, Illinois. 8. iVa^/ian, went to California; unmarried; not lately

176 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

heard from — probably not living. 9. -Ro6er^, married, removed to Iowa; now resides in California. 10, Francena, who mar- ried, first, Mallory Norman; second, George Blackleacb, and died in the township. 11. Washington, died in infanc3^ 12. Isaac, married Martha A. Jones, and resides at Anderson.

David Commons, the youngest son of Kobert Commons, was born in Western Virginia, July 18, 1800, and came with his father to this township in 1812. He was married in 1824 to Rachel Mote, and had by her two sons: 1. John, who mar- ried Eliza Jane, daughter of John Boyd, and has a son and three daughters. He is secretary of Gov. Baker, at Indianap- olis. 2. Fhilij) S., w4io married Hannah Ann, daughter of John Maxwell, and lives in Vermillion county, Illinois. Mrs. Commons died in 1827. Mr. C. married, second, Bethana Car- ter, and had by her five sons and two daughters : 1. Sarah Ann, who married Thomas Jordan, merchant in Indianapolis, where she died. 2. William, who died at 19. 3. Isaac L., who married Martha, daughter of John Boyd, and resides at Milton. 4. Robert D., who served three years in the late war in the Eighth Regiment Indiana Volunteers. He married Olive Jane Harvey, and lives near his father. 5. Joseph A., married Amanda Beeson, and lives three miles north of Cen- terville. 6. Mary E., w^ife of Ira Izor, and lives in the town- ship. 7. TFrt^^fr >S'., unmarried, at home. Mr. Commons has held the offices of township trustee and of county commis- sioner ; and was elected in 1847 and again in 1848, as a repre- sentative in the legislature. In 1838, after the death of his father, he removed to the farm he had owned for many years, and on which he now resides.

William Crawford was born near Belfast, Ireland, about the year 1745. Before he had arrived at man's estate he sailed for America, leaving a large prospective inheritance, w^hich he forfeited by joining the Colonial army, to which he was attached during the entire Revolutionary struggle. He was wounded at the battle of Bunker Hill, being stabbed in the shoulder in the hand to hand fight which followed the giving out of the ammunition of the Colonial army. He was in Lafayette's command a great part of his time; and on ac-

hcyl/-i.^c^^ -^C^'ii^^^^^c^-^-^'

CENTER TOWNSHIP. 177

count of his activity and physical strength, as well as his courage, he was selected as the hearer of messages and the performer of dangerous excursions. He was an early set- tler, about two and a half miles south-west from Centerville, where Richard G. Charman resides. He died December 30, 1826, and was buried in the Bryan grave-yard.

Joshua Eliason was born in Delaware, and was married to Christina Hucall. He removed to this county with his fam- ily, and settled where Thomas Eliason now lives. He had by his first wife six children : "William, Joshua, Levi, Lj'dia, Kitty, and Betsey Ann. After the death of his first wife he married in Center, Patsey Smithson, and had by her five children : Ebeuezer, Andrew, John, Henry C, and Thomas Clayton, who lives on the homestead, near the raih'oad. Four of the sons of Joshua Eliason married and settled in the township: 1. lF«7^i(2?», who married Harriet McCollister, and settled where he now lives. His children are, Levi, who lives in Iowa; James C, south of his father; John M., north- east of his father ; Andrew J., near his father, north; ALirtin v., south of Centerville ; Joshua, west of his father ; AYm. C, with his father. Daughters: Mary Ann, who married Joseph Eperly, and moved to Iowa ; Betsey Ann, who mar- ried Wm. King, of Crawfordsville ; Sarah Ann, who mar- ried Elijah iv. Harvey. 2. Joshua, brother of "William, mar- ried Lucinda King, lives a mile east of Centerville, and has a daughter who married James Seatou, and lives in Indianap- olis. 3. Levi, also a brother of William, married Sarah Smith- sou, and had two daughters ; the first married Joseph J. King; the second, Thomas Myers, who served in the war, and lost an arm. 4. Thomas Clayton, the youngest of the brothers, is married, and lives ou the homestead.

Cyrus Finch was an early and promising lawyer in Cen- terville. He was a man of good character, and popular, and is well remembered by many of the old inhabitants. He died at an early age. He was married to Therese A. Booker, sis- ter of Jacob N. and Samuel P. Booker, who, after the death of her husband, married Wm. Widup, who also died. She still survives, at the age of nearly 73 years.

178 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

Abner Haines commenced tlie practice of law in Center- ville in 1831, and continued in it till 1838, wlien he removed to Eaton, Ohio, where he now lives. Judge Haines was a fair lawyer, and enjoys the confidence and esteem of his fel- low-citizens.

Samuel Hannah was born Dec. 1, 1789, in the state of Del- aware. At the age of six years he removed with his father's family to Brownsville, Fayette county, Pennsylvania, on the Monongahela river, thirty miles above Pittsburgh. He was married July 11, 1811, to Eleanor Bishop, who died Sept. 26, 1864. In the spring of 1815, with his wife and two chil- dren, he went in a flat-boat to Cincinnati, and thence by wagons to Warren county, Ohio, where he taught school two years. In 1817 he settled in the woods, in what is now the township of "Washington. His cabin was one of the rudest of the rude, being for a time a mere shelter, without a door or chimney. In Dec, 1823, having been elected Sheriff of Wayne county, he removed from his farm to Ceuterville, the county seat. Belonging to the society of Friends, and con- scientiously opposed to the collection of fines for refusing to do military duty, he resigned his ofiSce in the spring of 1825. In August following he was elected as a representative in the legislature. He declined a re-election, but was in 1826 elected a justice of the peace, which office he held about four years. The county business being then done by the Board of Jus- tices, he was chosen and continued President of the Board until 1829, when the Board of County Commissioners was restored. He was appointed Postmaster at Centerville under the administration of John Quincy Adams, and held the office until removed under that of President Jackson, in 1829. He was one of the three commissioners appointed by the legislature to locate the Michigan road from the Ohio river to the Lake, and to select the lands secured to the state by a treaty with the Indians, held on the upper Wabash in 1826. In 1830 he was elected Clerk of Wayne county, and served seven years. In 1843 he was again elected to the legisla- ture. In December, 1846, he was elected by the legislature Treasurer of State, and served three years. On his election

CENTER TOWNSHIP. 179

he removed to Inclianapolis, where he resided until liis death, with the exception of a residence of about two years at Ceu- terville, during the construction of the Indiana Central rail- way. In March, 1851, he was chosen first President of the company, but resigned in July folloAving. He was the same summer elected Treasurer of the Indianapolis and Belle- fontaine Railroad Company. In May, 1852, he accepted the ofiice of Treasurer of the Indiana Central Railway Company, and held the office until January, 1864, when he retired from active life. He died Sept. 8, 1869, aged nearly 80 years.

Joseph Holman, son of George Holnian, was born in Wood- ford county, Kentucky, October 1, 1788, and removed with his father to the Whitewater country, two miles south of where Richmond now stands. He married, November 22, 1810, Lydia Overman, daughter of Ephraim Overman, who was born June 13, 1792. He settled half a mile from the present town of Boston, and, in March, 1812, three miles north of Centerville, on Poland's Fork. In 1814, he was a candidate for the territorial legislature. Voting being done viva voce, and it being known that there was a tie, his rival, Joseph Brown, voted for himself, and Holman, refusing to vote for himself, lost the election. Brown died at Corydon before the close of the first session, and, in 1815, Holman was chosen to fill the vacancy. At the next session, [1815-16,] Congress, in response to a memorial of the territorial legislature, authorized the calling of a conven- tion to form a state constitution with a view to the admission of Indiana as a state into the Union. Gov. Harrison ordered an election for the choice of delegates, and Joseph Holman, Patrick Beard, Jeremiah Cox, and Hugh Cull were chosen. He was, the same year or the next, again elected, and by suc- cessive re-elections continued as a representave in the legisla- ture, with the exception of one year, until his removal to Fort Wayne. In 1823, having been appointed by President Mon- roe, Receiver of Moneys at the new land office at Fort Wayne, he removed thither, and, with Capt. Samuel C. Vance, Register, opened the office in October. He held the office of Receiver about six years, and was removed by President Jackson. Dur- ing a part of this time he was a partner in the tanning, mercan-

180 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

tile, and pork business. In 1830, while at Fort Wayne, he was again elected to the legislature. In 1833 he removed to Peru, where he was for nine years engaged in farming. In August, 1843, at the solicitation of his father, who, in his de- clining years, desired the attention of one of his children, he removed to the old farm of his father, purchased in 1804. In 1860, the year after his father's death, he removed to Center- ville, where he now resides.

Joseph and Lydia Holman had twelve children. Their names, except of two who died in infancy, are as follows : Polly, who married Chauncey Carter, who died at Logansport, a county auditor or treasurer. Solomon, who married Mary Forey, of Peru, Ind., where he died. He had been assistant engineer in constructing the Wabash and Erie Canal, and en- gineer of the Whitewater Canal. Patsey, who married Isaac Marquiss, of Peru, where both died, leaving eight children, of whom Jacob and Isaac died in the late war, of disease. Ra- chel Jane, who married Richard Rue, son of Henry Rue. They had thirteen children, of whom six or seven are living.

Elizabeth, who married successively Robert James,

Fisher, and Isaac Marquiss, and is also dead. Wm. J., who married Rebecca Burk, of Indianapolis, and had by her four children, all of whom and their mother are dead. He mar- ried, second, Martha Butler. By her he had six children, two of whom died at Pike's Peak. She also died. He married, third, Kate White, by whom he had four children, all living. Sarah, who married Plenry James, and resides in Grant county. He has been twice a member of the legislature, and is a preacher in the Christian Church. Rachel, who died at 11. Margaretta L., who married Samuel Conner. They reside in Texas, and have five children living. Joseph George Eph- raim, who married Catharine Morley, of Preble county, Ohio. They have six children, and reside near Fort Wayne.

Levi M. Jones, was born in Kanawha county, Virginia, Oc- tober 5, 1787, and was married to Mary Thomas in 1807. In 1815 he settled in Center township, about a mile north of Centerviile. He died October 5, 1823; his wife, March 12, 1847 — both in Centerviile, whither they removed two or three years after they settled on the farm. They had ten children,

CENTEK TOWNSHIP. 181

all married. 1. Lewis married Caroline Leavel. 2. Sarah married Robert Franklin. 3. Oliver T. [Sk.] 4. Norris married

Sarah Jenkins. 5. Harrison married Bundy, and died

in 1847. 6. Rebecca married Daniel Shank, and died about

five years ago. 7. Washington married Hunt, daughter

of Smith Hunt, of Abington township. 8. Eli married Anna Crow. Washington and Eli reside at Hecla, Whitley county, lud. 9. Mary, who married Stephen Crow; and Levi, who married Matilda Brown, and lives in Washington township.

Oliver T. Jones, son of Levi M., was born in Virginia, September 19, 1810. He came with his father to Centerville in 1815, and commenced labor at an early age. He worked at brick-making, farming, and teaching, about seven years, within which period he collected state and county revenues two years. From 1839 to 1844 he served as justice of the peace, and was during the same period county examiner. He then removed to the place where he now resides, one mile north of Centerville ; and was for several years township treas- urer. He has followed farming many years, and still superin- tends the business of the farm. In 1860 he was elected to the legislature as a representative ; re-elected in 1862, attended an extra session in June, 1863, and resigned. In the ensuing fall he was elected a county commissioner, an important office during the war, which office he still holds. Mr. Jones has also for several years been engaged in banking at Centerville. He was married, March 7, 1838, to Mary King, of Center. They had twelve children : Joseph, who died at 19 ; Jane, who mar- ried John M. Eliason ; Ehnira; John K., teller in the bank; Martha, who married Samuel C. Smith ; Lucinda, who married Joshua Ehasou; Levi M. ; Anna, who married Lewis Shute, and resides in Preble county, Ohio ; William, Emily, Charles, and Lincoln.

Isaac Julian. The family represented by this name is of French and probably Huguenotic extraction. The family name was originally St. Julien, but has been shortened and anglicised into its present form. The first of the name who came to America was Rene St. Julien, a native of Paris, and a soldier by profession. He fought under the Prince of Orange, afterward William III. of England, at the battle of the Boyne,

182 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

in Ireland, July 1, 1690, which resulted in the defeat of the ad- herents of James 11. For his services he received from the king a grant of land beyond the Mississippi. But the war of the Revolution gave a quietus to such grants. He came to this country near the close of the seventeenth century, and settled on the eastern shore of Maryland. He had a numerous family, principally sons, from whom all of the name in America are believed to have descended. One of these sons, Isaac Julien, as appears from Irving's Life of Washington, was residing in Winchester, Virginia, in 1755. He removed to Randolph county, N"orth Carolina, where his descendants still reside.

A son of the above, also Isaac Julian, came to this county in 1815, and settled on the farm lately owned by John Bond, near Washington. He afterward removed to Greensboro, Henry county, where he died. Isaac, Jacob, Rene, and Shu- bael, sons of the last named, all preceded him in coming to the West, and all, for a time, resided in this county, as also their sisters, who were married as follows : Elizabeth, to Wm, Cox, and still lives in Richmond; Ellen, to Absalom Ilarvey, now residing in Missouri ; Sarah, to Ezekiel Commons, and resides in Rush county; Barbara, to Samuel Howard; and Martha, to Uriah Bulla, both deceased. Rene, a man of superior na- tural gifts, died many years since at i^ewcastle, of " milk sick- ness," being at the time clerk of Henry county. Jacob died near Logansport, September 29, 1870 ; and Shubael still lives at Cadiz, Ind. Isaac, Jacob, AVm. Cox, and George Farlow, still of this vicinity, cleared the ground north side of Main street. The trees had a few years previously [1807?] been prostrated by a great storm.

Isaac, the subject of this sketch, and the third of the name, in regular succession, is the only one of the name whose fam- ily has remained permanently identified with Wayne county. He was born in Randolph county, North Carolina, June 4, 1781. After obtaining the rudiments of education at the primitive common schools of that region, he engaged in the mercantile business, in which he was not successful. He came to this county earl}^ in 1808. Both before leaving North Car- olina, and after his arrival here, he was engaged in teaching. In the winter of 1808-9, he taught a school within a few miles of where Richmond now is. He married, March 29, 1809,

CENTER TOWNSHIP. 183

Kebecca, a daughter of Andrew Hoover. She was ten years his junior. They became acquainted while engaged in plant- ing corn on the farm of Wm. Bulla. Her father, being a strict and stern member of the Society of Friends, and the groom being an " outsider," the marriage was a secret one, and was solemnized by Eichard Rue, Esq., at his residence, three miles south of Richmond. Friend Hoover, however, at length relented and forgave the pair, presenting his daughter, as a token of his restored favor, some articles for going to housekeeping, prominent among which was a resplendent set of pewter " dresser ware." They settled first in a cabin on the bluff on the David Hoover farm, where their fir.-t child was born, and afterward removed to a place near Middleboro. And soon after the "Twelve Mile Purchase" was made in 1810, he settled on ISToland's Fork, a mile and a half south- west of Centerville, where all his other children were born.

Mr. Julian and his wife shared, not only in the toils and hardships incident to the first settling of a heavy timbered country, but the greater tribulations attendant on frontier life during an Indian war. They were repeatedly compelled to flee for safety to the older settlements. During this crisis, Mr. Julian was three months in the military service. A graphic picture of their experience during this period, from the pen of Rebecca Julian, wnll be found in another part of this work.

Mr. J. was one of the first trustees of the town of Center- ville. He was twice commissioned a justice of the peace: first, Aug. 11, 1815, by Gov. Thomas Posey; and again, Sept. 8, 1817, by Gov. Jonathan Jennings. He also held the ofiice of county commissioner. In 1822 he was a representative in the legislature, which met at Corydon, of which he was said to be an efficient and useful member. Having become pecuniarily involved by going security for others on the eve of a financial crisis, he was compelled, in 1823, to sell his farm. He removed to what is now Tippecanoe county, where he died, Dec. 12, 1823, soon after his arrival, near the AVabash, nine miles below Lafayette. Though early cut ott", he is said to have left a reputation for strict probity, decided natural ability and' force of character, which gave promise of con-

184 HISTOKY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

tinned and even increased usefulness. He had read mucli, and possessed a good library for the time in which he lived; and it was one of his most cherished desires to afford his children the opportunity for obtaining a good education.

By the kindness of friends and relatives, his widow was enabled to return to Wajme county. The journey, performed in the winter season, with horses and wagon, through an un- broken wilderness, was attended with great difficulty and extrcQie suffering. With the scanty remnant of property left her, and by industry and rigid economy, she was enabled to keep her family together; and, sharing the spirit of her husband, she secured to them all the facilities of a common school education. The greater part of her life was spent in Wayne county, but the closing scene came at the residence of a daughter, at Mt. Vernon, Iowa, Nov. 21, 1867, at the age of 76 years. Her memory is cherished by all who knew her. Her naturally strong mental powers, social sympathies, and religious sentiments appeared to increase during the closing years of her life. Isaac and Rebecca Julian had seven chil- dren.

1. John M., the eldest, was born Jan. 19, 1811. The death of his father imposed on him many untimely labors and cares. He, however, managed to supplement his scanty edu- cational acquirements by an extensive course of reading and persevering self-improvement. He was engaged for several years in teaching, probably with a view to a preparation for a professional career. Possessed of a fine literary taste and a high moral character, he strove to stimulate his young associates to the cultivation of similar tastes and principles. His varied qualities thus early promised a brilliant future. But the dawn of promise was suddenly overcast by death, August 21, 1834. 2. Sarah was born March 10, 1813, and was married, Jan. 16, 1840, to Jesse H. Holman, son of George Holman. They removed soon after to Linn county, Iowa, where she still resides. She has three children. 3. Jacob B. 4. George W. [Sketches below.] 5. Elizabeth E., born July 15, 1819, was married Jan. 12, 1841, to Allison I. Willetts, a son of Jesse Willetts, an early settler on Green's Fork. They set- tled soon after in Linn county, Iowa. He was the founder

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CENTER TOWNSHIP. 185

of the town of Mt. Vernon, in that county, and died some years since, leaving three chikh-en. She married, second, Andrew Beatty. 6. Henry, born Nov. 6, 1821 ; died July 21, 1823. 7. Isaac H. [Sk.]

Jacob B. Julian, son of Isaac Julian, the subject of the foregoing sketch, was born Jan. 6, 1815. He was apprenticed to Edward K. Hart, a blacksmith, in Centerville, and after- ward, for a short time, carried on a shop for himself. He began the study of law in 1838, while employed as an assist- ant by John Finley, county clerk; completed it in 1839, and was admitted to the bar in June, 1839. In the latter part of the year he was married to Martha J., daughter of Henry Bryan. He has steadfastly adhered to the practice of his profession, having never been absent during the sessions of the civil courts. In 1844 he was elected prosecuting attorney for this judicial circuit. In the winters of 1846-7, and in 1848-9 he represented Wayne county in the legislature. He has, however, been led to no political aspirations, but has sought distinction only in his profession, in which he has succeeded. Although jet in the prime of life, he has prac- ticed law in this county for a greater number of years than any other man has ever done. He has four children. His son, John F., is at present his partner in practice, under the firm of Julian & Julian.

George W. Julian, son of Isaac, was born near Center- ville, May 5, 1817. He was six years of age at the time of his father's death. This sad misfortune, however, was essen- tially mitigated by the fact that his early training was de- volved upon a faithful and competent mother. His early educational advantages were only such as were afibrded by the common schools in a new country. Yet he made rapid progress in the acquisition of useful knowledge, by private reading and study, done in great part in the evening by tire- light — better light being not at all times easily procured. The deficiency of the family library, as will be readily sup- posed, was supplied by books borrowed of his neighbors. After due preparation, he engaged in teaching a country ^school, which business he followed with credit three years. It was during the first of his teaching that he signalized himself

186 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

by successfully resistiug the efforts of the " big boys " to com- pel him to "treat" on Christmas day, according to a custom long prevalent in the West. About the year 1839, he com- menced the study of law, which he prosecnted without the aid of a preceptor. He was admitted to practice in 1840, and followed the business of his profession, except as interrupted by attention to public duties, until the year 1861. In 1845 he was elected a representative of the county in the legislature, where he advocated the abolition of capital punishment, and retrenchment iu public expenditures. In 1848, when Zachary Taylor was nominated for the presidency by the Whig party, he for a season remained neutral, but subsequently attended the Buffalo convention which nominated Martin Yan Buren and Charles Francis Adams, and supported that nomination. In 1849 he was elected a representative to Congress over Sam- uel W. Parker, a prominent Whig. In 1852, when John P. Hale was nominated by the "Free Soil" party for president, Mr. Julian was placed on the ticket for vice-president. He was a delegate to the first national Republican convention at Pittsburg, in the spring of 1856, and one of the vice-presidents, and chairman of the committee on organization. In 1860 he was again elected to Congress, and by successive re-elections continued there till the close of the 41st Congress, March, 1871. Among the measures of importance to the country at large with which he has been conspicuously identified, are the home- stead law, and the attempt to protect the public lands from further spoliation by lavish grants to railroad companies, or by the sale of large tracts to speculators. He was for ten years a member of the house committee on public lands, and for eight years its chairman. He was appointed in 1862 a member of the joint committee of both houses on the conduct of the war, a position which he held nearly four years. He was also one of the committee which prepared articles of im- peachment against President Andrew Johnson.

Mr. Julian was married, first, to Ann E. Finch, of Center- ville. May 13, 1845, by whom he had three children. After her decease, he was married to Laura Giddings, a daughter of the late Hon. Joshua R. Giddings, of Ohio, December 31, 1863.

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Isaac H. Julian, a son of Isaac, was bora June 19, 1823. He early manifested a decided literary taste, and at intervals of leisure from farm work, succeeded in accomplishing a course of reading in the departments of history and general litera- ture. He also early became a contributor, both in poetry and prose, to many of the newspapers and periodicals of the day. In 1848, he became deeply interested in the antislavery and other humanitarian phases of politics, which then took shape and gave direction to his subsequent literary efforts. He re- sided in Iowa from the spring of 1846 to the fall of 1850. He studied law, and was admitted to the bar in this county in the spring of 1851, but found the practice too distasteful to make it a life business. In 185 7, he edited and got published the "Memoir of David Hoover," accompanying it with an Ap- pendix of interesting and valuable matter relating to the first settlement of the AVhitewater valley. In September, 1858, he bought the True Bepublican newspaper at Centerville, which he edited and published with that name until about the close of the year 1864, when, having purchased a Kichmond paper, the two were consolidated under the name of the Indiana Radical, which has since been published by him at Richmond, to which place he removed January 1, 1865. He was post- master at Centerville during President Lincoln's first term, and at Richmond from May, 1869, to July, 1871. He was married October 16, 1859, to Virginia M. Spillard, and has four chiklren.

Jesse King, from Kentucky, about the year 1826, settled two miles north-east from the town of Washington. He had a large family; and five of his sons, Samuel, Daniel, Elisha, Lorenzo D., and John, came to this county. Samuel settled, in 1814 or 1815, near or adjoining Centerville, and resided in other places in the township, and removed successively to Rush and Tipton counties, to Iowa, and lastly to the south- west part of Kansas, wdiere, at the age of 87, he lives with a second wife, and has children, the youngest of whom is about the age of five or six years. Daniel, with Elisha, his brother, came about tw'O years earlier than their father, and married

McAlister. His sons, James and John, died unmarried.

Newton lives in Madison county; Isaac in Green township;

188 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

Levi, on the farm of his father; Milton, in Madison. A daughter, Mary -Jane, married George Ebersal. Elisha settled two miles south of Centerville ; afterward started with his family for Oregon, and several of his children and himself died on the way thither. His widow, after her arrival there, mar- ried again, and died there. Lorenzo D. came to the county with his father, and after a residence of several years in Green, settled where he now resides, in Center. His sons, "William, Joseph, and Absalom, live in the township.

John King, son of Jesse King, settled a mile and a half north of Centerville, where Joseph King's widow resides, and in 1830, where Jackson King resides, near Centerville. His children were, 1. Lucinda, who married Joshua Eliason. 2. James, who married Malinda, a daughter of Caleb B. Jackson, and died at West Grove, where he resided. 3. Joseph, who married Sarah Way, daughter of Seth Way, of Green, and died where his widow resides. 4. William, who married Jemima, daughter of Caleb B. Jackson, and resides four miles north-east of Centerville. 5. Mary, wife of Oliver T. Jones. 6. Presley, who married a daughter of Ebenezer Cheeseraan, and has lately removed to Kansas. 7. Nancy married John M. Maxwell, who resides near Richmond. She died in Cen- ter. 9. Jackson, who married Elizabeth Davis, and lives on the late home of his father, near the town. 10. Jesse [not the last born, it is believed,] died at the age of 14.

Jeremy Mansur was born in Temple, Hillsborough county, New Hampshire, December 31, 1791. He came in 1813 from New Hampshire to Cincinnati on horseback, and after a stay of six months, removed to Hamilton, Butler county, Ohio, where he was married in 1814 to Jane Carr, and removed the same year to Salisbury, then the county seat of Wayne county, Indiana, where he worked about six years at the edge-tool business. In 1820 or 1821, he settled on a farm between Cen- terville and Richmond, on the National road. In 1831, he re- moved to Richmond, and engaged in the mercantile business, which he continued about eight years. He then returned to his farm; and, in 1852, removed to Indianapolis, where he still resides, in the possession of an ample fortune acquired by honest industry. His children were, 1. Mary Ann, who mar-

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ried, first, John H, Wright, who died in Indianapolis, having had four children, two of whom (sons) are living; married, second, Charles Parry, a practicing physician and surgeon, and V^ice-President of the Indiana Central Railw^ay, who also died in that city. 2. Clarissa, who married James C. Fergu- son, who is engaged in the pork-packing business in Indianap- olis. They had seven children, of whom five are living. A daughter, Isabel, died while at school in Kentucky as she was about to graduate. 3. William, who married Hannah Cully in Indianapolis, and had three sons — one living. He has long been engaged in pork-packing, and is a director of the Cit- izens' Bank. 4. Sarah Jane, who married Wm. S. Reid, of Richmond. [See Sketch.] 5. Isaiah, who married Amelia Brown of Philadelphia, and is extensively engaged in banking in Indianapolis. 6. Franklin, who married Sarah Grewel in Indianapolis, and resides there. 7. James Carr, who died at the age of three years.

Thomas McCoy was one of the earliest settlers of Wayne county, having come with Holman and Rue, and settled with them south of Richmond, in 1805. In 1813, he removed to the farm on which he died a few miles south-west of Centerville. He is represented as having been an honest man, brave and true ; and with a will as firm as his stalwart, iron frame, he was a leader among the pioneers. During the Indian war his house was their rallying place, and his advice and aid their chief rehance. He was of Irish descent, and retained, during life, some of the characteristics of his countrymen. He died in the winter of 1844-45. His two sons, John, a native of Kentucky, and Morgan, one of the oldest natives of this county, live on the old place, and are highly respected citizens.

Oliver P. Morton was born August 4, 1823, in Center township, and was married to Lucinda M. Burbank, May 16, 1845. His parents having died when he was quite young, the care of rearing him devolved upon his grandmother and two aunts. He was at an early age apprenticed to a half-brother in Centerville at the hatter's trade. He worked but a short time at the business, and was for a while without steady em- ployment. He was at length placed at school at the Wayne County Seminary at Centerville, of which Prof. Samuel K

190 HISTORY OF TVATNE COUNTY.

Hoshour was the principal. After a course of preparatory studies at tiie seminary, he entered Miami University, at Ox- ford, Ohio, in which he made considerable progress in lais studies, but left the University without completing the course. He returned to Centerville and commenced the study of the law, and in 1846 was admitted to practice, and rose rapidly in his profession. In 1852 he was appointed judge of the judicial circuit to complete the unexpired term of his predecessor. Previously to 1854 he acted with the Democratic party ; but " when that party repealed the Missouri compromise, he severed his connection with it, and has since acted with the Republi- can party. In 1856 he was a candidate for governor in oppo- sition to Ashbel P. Willard, the Democratic candidate, and was beaten. In 1860 he was elected lieutenant-governor on the ticket with Henry S. Lane as governor, and served as lieutenant-governor but two days. Gov. Lane having been elected by the legislature to the office of senator of the United States, Mr. Morton succeeded him in office. The war, which commenced in April, 1861, devolved the most weighty and responsible duties upon the state executives. Gov. Morton convened the legislature without delay, and means were promptly provided to put the state on a war footing. The promptitude and efficiency with which he discharged his exec- utive duties in relation to the war, gained for him great credit throughout the loyal states. At the ensuing election [1864] he was elected governor for another term. But before the term had half expired he resigned his office, took a voyage to Eu- rope, and returned with improved health. In January, 1867, he was elected by the legislature senator to Congress for the constitutional term of six years, to succeed the Hon. Henry S. Lane, whose term' expired in March following. He has three sons, John M., Walter S., and Oliver T.

John S. Newman was born in Montgomery county, Ohio, April 10, 1805. He came in March, 1807, to what is now "Wayne township, with his grandfather, who settled two miles north of Richmond. His mother having died (May 18, 1806) before their settlement here, he was taken into the family of his grandfather, Andrew Hoover, Sen. In January, 1827, he removed to Centerville, where he was for a time employed in

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CENTER TOW^'S^IP. 191

the office of his uncle, David Hoover, then clerk of the county courts. He there also studied law ; was admitted to practice in May, 1828, and continued in practice there until 1860. For nearly ten years of the period of his practice, he was in part- nership with Jesse P. Siddall, under the firm of N'ewman & Siddall. In 1834 he was elected a representative in the legis- lature. He was afterward, for several years, a partner in the firm of Hannah & Newman in the mercantile business, in Cen- terville. In 1850 he was elected a delegate to the constitu- tional convention. In January, 1847, he was chosen president of the Whitewater Valley Canal Company, and served as such five years. In 1851 he was chosen president of the In- diana Central Railway Company, and, in 1860, for convenience to his business, he removed to Indianapolis, where he now re- sides. And for the last five years he has been president of the Merchants' I^Tational Bank of Indianapolis. He was married, October 1, 1829, to Eliza J. Hannah, a daughter of Samuel Hannah. They had six children : Mary, who married Dr. H. G. Carey. Gertrude, wife of Ingram Fletcher, a banker in Indianapolis. Omar, engaged in the lumber trade in Chicago. AYalter, who was 1st lieutenant in the United States army; served in the late war, and died January 1, 1864, at Indianap- olis, of disease contracted in the army. Two children died in infancy.

"William A. Peelle was born in JSTorth Carolina, and came to this county with his father, who settled in 'New Garden in 1820. He was brought up on the farm of his father ; and in 1840 he began the study of law at home, and without a a tutor. In 1845, he commenced practice at Marion, Grant Co., and in 1866 removed to AYinchester. In 1848, he was elected Prosecuting Attorney, and in 1854 he was elected Judge of the Court of Common Pleas for Pandolph and Jay counties. In 1860, he was elected Secretary of State, and removed to Indianapolis, Jan. 1, 1861. After the expira- tion of his term of office, he removed to Centerville, where he still continues the practice of his profession. In March, 1867, he was appointed Judge of the Criminal Court; and was in 1867 a representative of this county in the state legis- lature. Judore Peelle read law with James S. Frazer, who

192 HISTORY OP WAYNE COUNTY.

also studied outside of a lawyer's office, and who was afterward a judge of the Supreme Court of the State, and who is now a Commissioner at Washington, appointed by President Grant in pursuance of the treaty lately negotiated with Great Britain, to settle the difterences between that country and the United States.

John Pritchett was born in Kew Jersey, 'Nov. 25, 1803, and reared in Columbiana county, Ohio, where he studied medi- cine ; and came to Centerville in February, 1826. After a successful practice for many years, he graduated, in 1843, at the Ohio Medical College, Cincinnati. He is at this time the oldest practicing physician in the county, excepting Dr. Pennington, of Milton. He married Emily Talbot, daughter of Samuel Talbot, near Centerville, and had three children : 1. Mary, who resides with the family at Centerville. 2. Gus- tavus, who died in infancy. 3. James M., who resides in Washington City. In 1852, he entered the naval school at Annapolis, Md., and graduated in 1857, and is still in the navy of the United States. He was in active service in the late civil war.

William Pugh, a native of South Carolina, settled in Rich- mond, in 1818, and soon after removed to Salisbury, where he studied medicine with Dr. Ithamar Warner, and returned to Richmond, where he was in practice with Dr. Warner until 1824. He then removed to Centerville, and continued the practice of his profession until his decease, in 1829, aged 33. His son, John E. Pugh, is a druggist in Centerville, and is said to be the first person born in town.

James Rariden, a native of Kentucky, after a residence of several years in Brookville, and for a time in Salisbury, where he studied law, and was a deputy clerk for David Hoover, came to Centerville in 1820, where he remained in the practice of law until about 1846. He then removed to Cambridge City, where he died in 1856 or 1857. Though illiterate, he was a man of strong mind, a fair lawyer, and an able advocate. He was several timeselected to the legisla- ture, and was a representative in Congress from 1837 to 1841.

Geo. Rupe, from Tennessee, came in 1821 to Richmond, and carried on the hatting business for a year. He then removed

CENTER TOWNSHIP. 193

to Peny, about three miles west from where Economy now is, and thence, three years afterward, to the present site of that town, where he built a log shop and dwelling-house to- gether. This was one of the first buildings, if not the very first one, within the present limits of the town. lie here carried on the hatting business about thirty years, attaining a celebrity nearly equal to that of Beard, of ISTorth Carolina, to whom allusion has been made. He is spoken of as a good citizen and an honorable man. He died in 1859, in Hamilton county, Ind., of cancer.

Henry B. Rupe, son of George Rupe, was born in Tennes- see, 1821, and came the same year with his father to AVayne county, Indiana. At the age of ten years, he commenced learning the hatter's trade with his father, at Economy, and followed the business until 1858. He was early identified with the antislavery movement; and on the organization of the Liberty party, was run by that party as a candidate for county treasurer. He has lectured much, throughout the county, upon the subjects of slavery, temperance, and popu- lar education as connected with the common schools. Since about the year 1859, he has been a preacher of the Baptist denomination. Since the beginning of his ministerial labors, he has preached for churches at Concord, at Cambridge City, and at Elkhorn. In the fall of 1862, he was elected Treasurer of Wayne county ; and in 1864 was re-elected for a second term. He is now living on his farm a mile and a half south of Centerville.

John Stigleman was born in Virginia, in the year 1787, whence he removed to this county, in 1819, and settled about three miles north of Centerville, and a few years later to the farm now owned and occupied by his son Henry, where he died August 18, 1865, aged 79 years. He was a good and useful citizen, of decided Christian character, and an active member of the Baptist church. He held the ofiice of county commissioner for one or two terms.

Charles H. Test came to Centerville in 1838, a lawyer of

experience and of good reputation. He had commenced

practice, in 1821, at Lawrenceburg ; had practiced also at

Brookville and Rushville. From 1830 to 1838, he had been

13

194 HISTORY OP WAYNE COUNTY.

a circuit judge. He removed from Centerville to White county, and subsequently to Indianapolis, where lie now re- sides. He has also been judge of Lafayette circuit ; has rep- resented several different counties in the legislature ; and has held for a term of two years the office of secretary of state. He is regarded as one of the ablest advocates now in practice in the state.

Jesse Williams, from Kentucky, in 1815, to Franklin county, and in 1819 to Centerville. He now resides one and a half miles east of town. In 1837, he was elected associate judge to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of Asa M. Sher- man ; was re-elected in 1838 for the term of seven years, and again in 1845 for another term of seven years.

John C. Kibbey, a native of Warren county, Ohio, came to this county about the year 1815, and settled at Salisbury. In about the year 1821 or 1822, he removed to Richmond, where he resided, with the exception of a few years at Centerville, until his death some ten or fifteen years ago. He is said to have been a man of " a mathematical turn of mind, well read in general literature, and an honest man." He was for many years a justice of the peace.

John F. Kibbey, spn of the above, was admitted to practice March 2, 1852. He was elected, in 1864, to succeed Jeremiah Wilson as judge of the Sixth judicial district, and came into office, March, 1865. He was re-elected in 1868, and his term will expire in. 1872.

Samuel Russell, a native of Virginia, from Ohio in 1818, settled in 1819, where his sou Vinnedge resides, about four miles north-east from Centerville, and where he died in 1885, aged 63. His children living are Samuel, Vinnedge, and Ann, wife of John Kem. John H. Kobe, from Germany, in 1838, to Maryland, and after a residence there of eleven years, to Center, where he now resides, two miles east of Centerville. John R Voss, from ISTorth Carolina in 1827, settled a year after near the site of old Salisbury, in Wayne, and two years later on the place where he now resides, two miles east of Center- ville, on the JS^ational road. John Atkinson, born in 'New Jersey, from Ohio at an early day, settled in the north-west part of the township. He died in 1357, where his son Henry

CLAY TOWNSHIP. 195

now lives, in Clay. "William. Beall, from Kentucky, in 1816, entered and settled on the land now owned by Oliver T. Jones, south of Lorenzo D. King's; and in 1836, settled where he now resides, in Clay, two miles east of Washington, on land entered by his father, Archibald Beall. His children are Cur- ran, Hannah, Brutus, Amanda, Marion, Susanna.

CLAY TOWNSHIP.

Clay township was formed in the year 1832, from several of the townships adjoining, and included three sections which have since been annexed to Jefferson. Lying wholly within the bounds of the Twelve Mile Purchase, few families settled in it before the war of 1812. '

James Martindale, from North Carolina, is said to have been the first settler on Green's Fork bottom, within the limits of this township. He settled on the farm on which his grandson, James W. Martindale, a son of John Martin- dale, now resides, half a mile from the town of Washing- ton. JSis purchase included lands now owned by Branson L. Harris and John Brooks. Jonas Hatfield, Sen., from Kentucky, in 1812, settled, with his sons, where the town of Washington now is, and where his descendants still re- side. Thomas, one of his sons, laid out the town, and died many years ago. Jonas, another son, with several of his children, still resides there. Abel Jenny, about 1812, set- tled where Branson L. Harris now resides, east of and near the town. Jesse Albertson, from North Carolina, after stopping a year or two in Kentucky, settled two miles east of Richmond, and in 1815 removed to the farm on which he now resides, half a mile east of town. His brother Joshua, who came to Richmond a few years later than Jesse, after some years residence there, settled south of his brother, on land bought of Richard Ratcliff, now owned by John Bond, Jun., and Elwood Albertson. In 1813, Wm. Fox set- tled about one mile north of town ; land lately owned by John Brooks, now by George W. Davis. Fox removed in 1844 to Jeft'erson township, where he died in 1860. , Joshua

196 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

Benny settled one and a half miles north-west of town ; land now owned by Hichard and George Fancett, and James T. IS'icholson. James Spray, on land now owned by Jacob "Wood, afterward half a mile south on the farm since owned by John Brooks.

In the east i^art of the township, James Odell, about 1813 or 1814, settled on the farm where "Wm. Coffin resides. Sam- uel and Joseph Evans on land now owned by John Bean, of Green township, son-in-law of Joseph Evans, and Kansom Cheeseman. In 1814, Miles Murphy settled one mile south- east of town. John Baldwin, from iTorth Carolina, in 1825, bought the farm of Murphy, it being that on which his son Jonathan Baldwin resides. He had four sons, Jonathan, Isaac, David, and Caleb. Jonathan married Mary Ann, daughter of Jesse Albertson. James Porter settled early near the Friends' meeting-house. Moses Martindale, brother of James, where Alfred Underbill resides. Wm. Young, land owned by Josiah Clawsou. Benj. Augell, on land on the township line, now owned by Alfred Underbill. In 1814, John Pierson settled where Henry Atkinson resides. About 1815, Martin Martindale, son-in-law of Pierson, on land lately owned by E. Harvey, now by David Fowler. Wm. Beall, ad- joining the township line, where he still lives. Joseph Thorn- burg where Daniel Williams lives. Benj. Albertson, on laud now owned by John Bond, Jun., one mile south-east of town. Owen Branson, on part of the land now owned by I. McDon- ald and Thomas Adams's heirs.

In the south-east j^art of the township?, Jonathan Cloud set- tled where now his son Joseph Cloud resides. Wm. Pike, on land now owned by the heirs of his son Stephen Pike. Isaiah Frazier, first, and afterward Jonathan Mendeuhall, on land now owned by Lewis Bailey and Henry Franklin. John Hunt, after him Israel Gause, on land now owned by Isaac Gause and Mrs. E. Brashure.

In the vicinity of Washington, south and west, were Jesse Bond, who, after a residence of six years near Richmond, set- tled a mile south of town in 1813 ; lands now owned by his sons Nathan, Wm. C, and the heirs of his son Robert. Benj. Hall, lessee of Henry Stidham, on land now owned by Larkin

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CLAY TOWNSHIP. 197

Bond, who bought of John Bailey. John Foland, on a part of the land now owned by Matthias Wise.

In the south and south-west part of the township, were Ste- phen Horney, who still resides where he settled ; Moses Coffin, where Andrew Ilorney resides ; Absalom Williams, on lands now owned by his sons, Henry and. John Williams; Isaac Mendenhall, on lands lately owned by David Cook, deceased. Henry Hoover settled early on the east side of Green's Fork; lands now owned by the widow of his son Andrew, their son John, and Perry Wilson. Peter Hoover, brother of Henry, bought west and adjoining; land now owned by the widow of his son Emsley, and their son Owen P. Hoover, and Henry T. Bond. John Pincher settled near where O. P. Hoover now resides. Valentine Foland, in the south-west corner of the township, where he now resides. James Ridge, on lands now owned by Theodore Cook. John Wise, in 1832, on lands now owned by his sons George and Matthias Wise. He now re- sides in Jay county. Ephraim Gentry, land purchased of Da- vid Hoover, now owned by Wm. H. Gentry, son of Ephraim.

In the ivest part of the township, David Peacock settled on land now owned by his son David ; Wm. Widows, on land lately sold to John Allen, who owns other lands adjoining. Mason Fithen, about 1817, settled on land now owned by Ja- cob AVright and others; Enos Veal, Sen., and Peter Woolfert, in 1817, on lands now owned and occupied by James T. Nich- olson and Daniel Strickler. Woolfert sold out and removed to section 15. Joseph Davis, on land adjoining the township line, where George G. Hindman resides. James Owen, Sen., on land now owned by Eulas Bunnell. In 1815, John Brockus and Miles Dimet settled on land now owned by Cyrus Osborn and John Bradbury. In 1824, Job Smith, on lands lately owned by Olinda B. Bunnell and William Faucett. Ezekiel Bradbury, about 1825, where Jonas Hatlield, Jun., resides. Jo- nas Hatfield, Sen,, father of the present Jonas Ilattield, Sen., bought the lands now owned principally by George Faucett, Cyrus Osborn, and Daniel Bradbury.

In the north-west part of the township, Jonathan Shaw set- tled, in 1815, on land now owned by Daniel Strickler on the township west line. On school section, [16,] first residents

198 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

were Robert "Watkins and Wm. Elliott Land sold in 1832 to Daniel Bradbury, John Brown, Matthew Holcomb, Enos Veal, Samuel Adamson. Itharaar Lamb, Milo Bailey, and Lewis Strickler live on it. John Bradbury, from Ohio, in 1815, and his brother Josiah settled on Morgan's creek. John, a few years after, removed to the Wabash, and in 1829 to his pres- ent residence a mile west of town. Daniel Bradbury early bought of his brother Josiah, and settled where Milton R. Harris now resides ; and in 1866 at his present residence near town. The land first settled by John Bradbury is now owned by Eulas Bunnell. David Sears, in 1820, settled on land now owned by Edwin F. Ogborn. Enos Yeal, Jun., and Elias Yen- niman, on land now owned by Jane Ogborn and John Fowler. About 1828 or 1830, Peter Woolfert, who settled about 1817 in section 27, and "Wm. Ball, settled on lands now owned by

E. Merritt Lamb and Jesse W. Brooks. In 1821, Eve, widow of Evan Shoemaker, (since removed to Wabash,) settled on land now owned by Joseph Lamb. James Starling, on the land now owned by Joseph Long. Henry Riggs, on the land Merritt Lamb owns. Wm. Ball and Frederic Dean, on land now owned by John Gilmore and Eli Wiseman.

In the north fart of the township, section 14, Wm. Under- bill settled on land now owned by John Ball and Oliver Wil- son. Jesse and Isaac Baldwin, on land now owned by Enos Veal and John Wilson's heirs. Philip and Henry Renberger, about 1819, on land now owned by John Gilmore and John Wilson's heirs. Henry Garrett and Abraham Elliott, as early as 1813 or 1814, on part of section 23; lands now owned by Samuel Cook and Wm. F. Dean. David Young, where Wm.

F. Dean resides. Jonathan Ross and John Richter settled where M. Funk now lives.

Absalom Williams, born in ]N'ortli Carolina in 1775, after a residence of seven years near Richmond, entered in Clay town- ship the land where his son Henry resides. He died in 1868, at the age of 93. Wm. Osborn, about 1820, setttled near Washington, and died in 1831, aged 29. Cyrus, his son, re- sides half a mile below town. Daniel Williams, born in ISTorth CaroUna in 1792, from Pennsylvania in 1833, settled in the

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CLAY TOWNSHIP. 199

north-east part of the township, where Allen M. Harris lives; now resides one and a lialf miles east of AVashington.

John Brooks, from ^orth Carolina, in 1831, to this county, settled, in 1841, on the land entered by Wm. Fox, one mile from Washington, and is now living half a mile east of town.

Thomas Cook settled, at an early day, where his son Samuel Cook lives, two miles north from Washington, and where he died in 1824, aged 56. He is supposed to have been the first saddler in Washington. Samuel Ball, born in Virginia, from Tennessee in 1820, settled where Benjamin Thorn lives, and died in 1849, near where, his son John Ball resides. John Wilson, from South Carolina, about 1820, settled two miles north-west from Washington, where he died in 1852, aged 36. Joseph Lamb, from Korth Carolina, settled, in 1829, on land adjoining Perry, where he died in 1855, at the age of 73. His children were, Ezekiel, deceased; Esther, Smith, deceased; Elias, Mournen, Joseph, Ithamar. John Bailey, a native of Virginia, from Kentucky about 1810 to Richmond, thence, a few years after, to Perry, and next to Clay, in 1859, where his son Mile resides; died in 1863, aged 72. Wm. Hindman, from Ohio, in 1839, settled two and a half miles west of Washington, and died in 1843, aged 42. George, his son, lives on the west line. AVm. Wright, from Maryland, in 1825, set- tled two miles south-east from town, where he died in 1854, aged 74. Jacob, his son, lives one and a half miles west from town.

Hugh Allen, from Ohio in 1820, settled three miles south- east from Hagerstown, near where he died, aged 6Q. His sou John lives about two miles west of Washington ; Jacob, an- other son, in Jefferson. David Cook, from Virginia, about 1831, settled one mile south of AVashington, where he died in 1870, aged 59. Theodore, his son, lives two miles south-west from town. Emsley Hoover, from Ohio, about 1811, settled on Green's Fork, south-west from Washington, where his son Owen P. lives; died in 1865, aged 69. Valentine Poland, born in Virginia in 1789 ; served in the war of 1812. In 1815 he bought, and in 1821 settled on the laud where he now resides, south-west corner of the township.

Henry Garret built the first Grist-miU^ a mile and a half

200 ■ HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

above town, about the year 1814. Jonas Hatfield soon after commenced building a saw-mill that year at Washington, but not living to finish it, it was completed the next year by his son Thomas, who four or five years after also built a grist-mill at the same place. Henry Hoover, (not of Richmond,) about the year 1840, built a saw-mill two miles below Washington, and afterward sold it to Samuel Boyd, who, about the year 1855, also built a grist-mill at the same place.

About the year 1825 — perhaps later — Thomas Hatfield built a Carding Machine and a Falling Mill near his other mills, and after running them about a year, he procured of Jesse Bond a site a fourth of a mile below, to which he removed them, and soon after sold them to the Bonds, who removed them further down to near where l^athan Bond resides.

Wm. IJnderhill and Joshua Benny are said to have been the first Blacksmiths in the township.

Lisbon Basey and John Russell, in partnership, are supposed to have been the first Merchants, in the year 1818 ; next, Allen Osborn and Wm. Bunnell ; and next, John Martindale, son of James, who, in 1830, sold out to Mark E. Reeves, who, with an additional stock, established a store which he continued until 1840, when he removed to Hagerstown, continuing an in- terest in the store at Washington in partnership with James W. Scott for about five years. Jonathan & Stephen Cofiin com- menced trade in 1843 ; and the business was continued by Stephen. Present merchants : Dry Goods — Dr. Lorenzo D. Personett and John M. McCowu. Grocers — Allen Daugherty, Wm. S. Hatfiekl.

The first Physician is said to have been a Dr. Howard, who was soon followed by Dr. Johnson. Dr. William Bunnell, who came about the year 1823, is said by some to have been the first " regular," licensed physician. He died, in 1853, of cholera. He was succeeded by his son, Rhodes W. Bunnell. Lorenzo D. Personett came in 1844. The two last-mentioned are the present practicing physicians.

Abraham Elliott is supposed to have been the first Justice of the Peace within what is now Clay township ; the next, per- haps, was John Martindale, brother of James.

The Friends formed the first Religious Society; and a log

CLAY TOWNSHIP. 201

meeting-house was built as early as 1814 or 1815, by Josse Bofld, below the towni, near the grave-yard. A frame house was afterward built at or near the same place. After the schisai of 1828, those calling themselves "Orthodox" built a house about a mile north-east of town, on land given for that purpose by Jolin Baldwin. The only society in the vicinity now holds its meetings in this house,

A Methodist Church was organized at an early day; but in what year has not been ascertained. Their meetings were early held at the house of James Porter, in the vicinity of the Friends' meeting-house, north of town. In 1815, Rev. "Wm. Hunt was on Whitewater circuit, and is known to have preached iu this place. Among the early members were James Porter^ James Odell, Wm. Fox, and their wives, and Polly Morgan, whose husband had been killed .by Indians at Morgan's Creek. The names of preachers who succeeded Mr. Hunt on Whitewater circuit are given elsewhere.

The church of the United Brethren is said to have existed upward of thirty years. The precise date of its forma- tion is not remembered. The society built a frame meeting- house near the creek, which they occupied until 1870, when their new brick house in town was completed.

The Town of Washington was laid out by Thomas Hatfield, and the description of the original plat, certified by him as proprietor, and Abraham Elliott, surveyor, September 28, 1818, was acknowledged for record November 19, 1818.

A Block-house without a fort was built in war-time on or near Joshua Benny's farm, a mile north of Washington. On John Martindale's land, four miles west of this town, a fort and block-house were built by Martindale and his sons, Elijah and William, Charles Morgan, Reynolds Fielder, Jacob Gallon, and Jonathan Shaw.

A Lodge of Free Masons, Acacia, No. 242, was organized under dispensation January 29, 1859, and held its first meeting February 15, 1859. Its charter is dated May 25, 1859. Its officers were Rhodes W. Bunnell, W. M. ; Wm. McCafi"erty, S. W. ; Hugh H. Keys, J. W. ; Charles Evans, Treasurer ; Daniel J). Rogers, Secretary. Walter Rogers, Sen. Deacon; Samuel Cook, Deacon. 14

202 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

Green's Fork Lodge, No. 184, 1. 0. 0. F., was instituted February 25, 1857, with the following named persons as the first ofiicers: James W. Scott, N. G. ; Calvin Conner, V. G.; Thomas M. Kerr, Secretary ; Joseph F. Reynolds, Treasurer.

Bellis Fncamjjment, No. 71, /. 0. 0. F., was instituted Au- gust 31, 1865. First officers: George W. Ebersol, C. P.; John Bean, H. P.; Joseph Ludlum, S. W. ; George W. Davis, J. W. ; Lorenzo D. Personett, Scribe ; Adam Reinheimer, Treasurer.

Biographical and Genealogical.

Jesse Bond was born in Grayson county, Ya., and was mar- ried to Phebe Commons, a daughter of Robert Commons, in North Carolina. In 1807 he emigrated from Virginia to Indiana Territory, and settled on the farm on which the Earlham College buildings stand. In 1813 he removed to a farm near the present town of Washington, where he continued to reside until his decease, April 11, 1862. He was a member of the Society of Friends and a minister from his youth. He was one of the earliest ministers of the Whitewater meeting. The existence of American slavery he deplored most deeply; and had his life been protracted another short year, he would have had the satisfaction of witnessing its overthrow. He is represented as having been exemplary in his deportment, and singularly faith- ful in the discharge of domestic, social, and religious duties. He had eleven children.

1. Nathan, who married Tamar Kenworthy. 2. Robert, who married Rachel Thornburg, and died in 1864. 3. John, who married Mary Barnard, and died in 1867. 4. William C, who married Hannah Locke, daughter of Wm. Locke, an early settler in Perry. 5. Fnos, who married Susan Hoover, and removed to ISTewcastle, where she died in 1869. 6. Iso7n, who married Dinah Kenworthy, and removed to Miami county, Ind., where he died in 1847. His widow married Jediah Bond ; they live at Louisville, Henry county. 7. Ruth, wife of Will- iam Nicholson, and resides at Newcastle. 8. Hannah, wife of John Wilson, who died in 1852. 9. Isaac, who married, first, Catharine Eargood, and resides at Peru ; second, Millicent Mendenhall. 10. Jesse, who married, first, Jane Cox ; second.

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CLAY TOWNSHIP. 203

Harriet Ilaugh, and resides at Peru. 11. Li/dia, wife of Oliver Mendeiihall, and resides at JSTewcastle,

Daniel Bradbury was born in Warren county, Ohio, in tTie North-western Territory, September 22, 1800. He removed to this county in 1819, and settled in what is now Clay town- ship, on Morgan's creek, three miles north-west of Washington. He was married, August 23, 1821, to Mary Elliott, at Jack- sonburg. In 1866 he removed to the farm on which he now resides, half a mile north of the town. He had six children, of Avhom three died young. Of those who survived them, John died from injuries received from the running away of a team; his widow and a son died a few years after. Jane married, first, James Wilson, who died about three years after his mar- riage; second, Edwnn F. Ogburn. Matilda married Milton R. Harris. All reside in the, neighborhood of Sugar Grove. Mrs. Bradbury died April 4, 1868. Mr. B. married for his second wife, Hannah Buck in 1869. He was in 1839 elected a county commissioner. In 1840 he was elected a representative in the legislature, and in 1841 declined a nomination. He has also served for thirteen years as assessor, principally in four town- ships, and for twelve years as superintendent of the county asylum.

Valentine Foland was born in Virginia in 1789, and was married in 1811 to Sarah Roler. He served in the war of 1 812. In 1815 he purchased, and in 1821 he settled on the land where he now resides, in the south-west corner of the town- ship. Anne, his daughter, born December, 1811, was married, in 1828, to John Kepler, of Harrison, and had a daughter, Mary Catharine, who was born in 1839, and was married, in 1856, to Wm. A. Black. Their children living are Lycurgus, Virginia B., Frank M., and Charles.

Henry Hoover, a native of IsTorth Carolina, from Ohio in 1811, settled on the land now owned by his son John, two miles south of Washington. He died in 1842, aged 68. His children were Lelah, Rebecca, Levi, Rachel, Andrew, Nancy, Elizabeth, Catharine, Henry, and John, of whom Lelah, Eliza- betli, Catharine, Henry, and John are living.

Samuel Ogburn, a native of New Jersey, came from Ohio to Washington in 1825, and died in 1839 about a mile and a

204 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

half west from town. His children were Joseph; Mary, de- ceased; Edwin F. ; Allen W., who lives in Dublin; Evan; Ljdia, wife of Francis Elliott; Ezra, in Chariton, Iowa; Joel, Union Mills, Iowa; Ann, deceased, wife of Rev. G. H. Bird, Fairview, Eandolph county.

DALTON TOWNSHIP.

The township of Dalton was formed from Perry in 1847, and lies in the north-west corner of the county. It is four miles square, containing an area of sixteen square miles. Of the lands comprised in this township, only a narrow gore, about three-fourths of a mile wide on the south line, and coming to a point about three miles north, on the Perry line, lies within the Twelve Mile Purchase; consequently none but this was ready for sale to settlers until 1822. Several families, however, settled west of that Purchase several years prior to the sale by the Glovernment.

Aquila "West settled on the farm now owned by Lyndsey Dennis, near the town, as early, probably, as 1818 or 1819. He removed some years after from the county. James Lind- ley settled, soon after West, south-east from town, on West Kiver, where Jesse Fonts now resides. He removed from the township, and died. Seth Mills, from Tennessee, settled on the farm now owned by Isaac W. Beeson. These, and some in other parts of the township, settled before the lands were of- fered for sale.

Joseph Davis, from North Carolina to Ohio, in 1808, re- moved, in 1823, to the farm on which he now resides, near town. Charles Burroughs, from Virginia, purchased a mile and a half north of town, in 1822, and settled permanently half a mile north of town, in 1826, where he now resides. Isaac W. Beeson, from North Carolina, settled early near Franklin, and in 1835 where he now resides, near and west of Dalton. Isaac Reynolds, from North Carolina, settled near Franklin, on land bought by his father of Sampson Smith, now owned by Wilson Reynolds. Nathan Baldwin, from North Carolina, near town, in 1880 or 1831, where he still re-

DALTON TOWNSHIP. 205

sides. Thomas E. Beeson, from Korth Carolina, son of Isaac Beeson, about 1831, one mile east of town. Pleasant Harris, from K'orth Carolina, near Franklin; land now owned by Thomas and. Wilson Dennis; had. settled early in New Garden; came to Dalton before the land, sales ; removed to Iowa, and died there. Benj. F. Beeson, from North Carolina, near Franklin ; land now owned by John Bering, Thomas Is^ichol- son, and others. Thomas Antrim, from Tennessee, about 1820, three-quarters of a mile north of towm; land now owned by Charles Burroughs and Isaac Covalt. Samuel Beeson, half a mile east of Dalton, about 1826; died there, aged about 94 years. Land tirst settled by Wm. Main.

In the north-western part of the township, Andrew Starbuck settled where widow Tinkle lives. Thomas Burroughs, from Virginia, father of Charles, on land sold to Joseph Routh, now owned by Col. Thompson. In the north-east quarter of the township, Wm. Maudlin and Wright Spradlin settled on the county line, and still reside there. Dempsey Thornburg, where he now resides. George M. Lee, where George M. Jordan lives. Isaac Routh, from Tennessee, where a widow Routh now lives. Routh removed to Wells county, and died there. Henry Mills, on the farm lately owned by James Lumpkius, who died there in 1870. Henry Thornburg, from Tennessee, about 1820, died on his farm, now owned by Richard C. Cheeseman. Sophia Williams, before land sales; land descended to her sons, Henry and Joseph ; now occupied by Henry, and by JSTathan Dennis. Enoch Gardner; land now owned by Wesley S. Leadbetter. Joseph Brewer, a native of I^orth Carolina, from Tennessee, on land now owned by John W. Jordan.

In the south-east part of the township, were the following : Wm. Wright, on Perry line ; land now owned by Jesse Weaver. Charles Howell, from North Carolina, before land sales; land now owned by his sons, Larkin and Joseph, and John H. Thornburg. He lives with Joseph. He and Henry Williams are the only men living who settled in the township before the land sales. Isaac Macy, from Tennessee; land now occupied by his widow and heirs. John Aaron Locke, from Perry, settled where he now resides. Jacob Bales, from Ten-

206 HISTORY OP WAYNE COUNTY.

iiessee, on "West River before land sales, on land now owned by Ricbard C. Cheeseman. George Petro, a blacksmitb, prob- ably tbe first in tbe township, on land owned by Richard C. Cheeseman. John Strode, on land now occupied by George Pierce. James Strode, from Kentucky, adjoining his son John; died on the farm, now occupied by his widow and Thomas Beeson. Wm. Thoruburg, Sen., from Tennessee, an early settler on "West River; land now occupied by Thomas E. Thornburg. Lewis, Henry, and Larkin Thornburg, sons of Henry, Sen., removed to Iowa, where Larkin died. The farm of Henry is now owned by Richard 0. Cheeseman ; that of Lewis, by !N"athau W. Strode ; and that of Larkin, by J. A. Locke. John Evans, a Baptist minister, settled on laud now owned by Samuel Brown. Abraham Tout, from Tennessee, who died of a cancer, on land owned by Cornelius Thornburg and Jesse W. Locke. John Barr, a native of Scotland, on land now occupied by his widow and son John. Joseph Keever, from Ohio, on land owned by Jackson Keever and David Fleming's heirs. Martin Keever, adjoining his brother Joseph ; was killed by lightning seven or eight years ago. His heirs still reside there. Jesse Osborn, from Tennessee, on land lately owned by Seneca Keever, now by Samuel Brown.

In the south-iuest quarter of the township, Jonathan Evans, settled on land now owned by Joseph Weaver. Joseph John- son, from North Carolina, about 1820, a mile south of Frank- lin; died there; present owner, Branson Dennis. John Smith, from Pennsylvania ; present owners, B. Dennis, J. G. Allen, Wm. Baldwin. Peter Smith, from Tennessee, about 1822; died on his farm about three years ago ; his wife a year before. His son-in-law, James Con away, resides on the farm. Aaron Lesh, from Ohio, about the same time as Smith ; present owner, Martha i^ewcomb. Thomas Richardson, on land now owned by Abraham Smith. Thomas Marshall, from Tennessee, before land sale?; died on the farm, now or lately owned by John and Alexander Ditch, and occupied by John. Stephen Lear, from Ohio, where Levi Harter now lives. Daniel Ulrich, from Ohio, son of John Ulrich, of Jefferson township, about 1824, in the south-west corner of the township, adjoining the White Branch Woolen Mills. Benj. Beeson, from North Car- olina, bought of Lear one mile south of Franklin, where

DALTON TOWNSHIP. 207

Levi Harter resides. Sons of B. Beeson are Isaac W., Ben- jamin F., Silas H., Ithamar, Charles 0., who resides at Kew Buffalo, Michigan, and has a son Jehu, at Anderson, Madison county.

Besides those already mentioned, who settled near Dalton and Franklin, the following maybe added : Zachariah Beeson, one mile north of Dalton, in 1824; was a gunsmith, and had a corn-cracker and a saw-mill ; land now owned by John Payne. Hezekiah Beeson, from North Carolina, an early settler near Franklin ; sold to Wm. Beeson ; land now owned by George JSTicholson and others. Isaac Beeson, from ISTorth Carolina, one mile east of Dalton, about 1831 ; name of present owner not learned.

The first Tannery m the township was built by Benj. F. Bee- son, who settled near Franklin. It was afterward carried on by Jesse Evans, who now resides in Iowa.

The first Grist-mill was built in 1824 or 1825, by Charles Stout, from North Carolina, near Lindley's farm. Seth Mills built the next at Dalton, about the year 1826. Pleasant Har- ris and Tense Massey, about the same time, built the first saio- mill near Franklin. Benj. F. Beeson, soon after, built a grist- mill on Mill Branch, half a mile south of Franklin ; and near the same place an oil-mill was built by Beeson Brothers. Jesse Baldwin also built an oil-mill near Dalton, about the year 1832 or 1833. In 1837, the Dalton Steam llill Comjmny built on Nettle Creek a steam saw-mill and a grist-mill. Both were burned about the year 1848. The saw-mill only was rebuilt. In 1840, Beeson Brothers built a grist-mill in the }ilace of their old saw-mill. About 1850, James Maulsby built a grist-mill a little below the site of the old grist-mill on Mill Branch. The old grist-mill and oil-mill are both gone.

Henry Thoruburg built on West Piver, some thirt}' years ago, a saw-mill; also at the same place a Carding 3Iachinc, which run about twenty years.

The first llerchant in the township is said to have l)een Benj. F. Beeson, at Franklin ; others say Hezekiah Beeson. Aaron Mills is named as an early mercliant at Dalton. Charles Bee- son is known to have traded at Franklin in 1830. Also, Silas, Lewis, and Aaron Lesh, Oliver and Joseph Williams, Silas B.

208 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

Maulsby, Benj. B. Beeson, Wm. Thornbiirg, and "Wm. and Enos Canaday, are said to have traded at Franklin. At Dal- ton, between 1838 and 1845, John W. Williamson, Jehu T. Elliott, and Henry D. Root ; and at different times, Joseph Ruth, J. and D. Canaday, David and William Chamness, Robert Lumpkin, and Thomas McCracken. Present mer- chants at Franklin : John Macy, dry goods ; Millikin Hockett, groceries. At Dalton : Wm. S. Chamness, Riley Chamness, both dry goods.

Dr. Silas Beeson, the first resident Physician in the town- ship, settled at Franklin about 1830, and died there. Later, were Henry Carver, Erhart, and Patterson. John W. Smith (botanic) was the first at Dalton, in 1836. Later, were Wm. Dickey (1840), Drs. Simmons, J. R. Brown, Guinther, Windle, Showalter, and the present physician, John Stonebraker.

The Whife Branch Woolen Mills are on the White Branch stream, two miles south of Franklin. A building was erected by Daniel Ulrich for a grist mill, but he put into it machinery for a woolen factory. In the year 1854, it was bought by Wm. and Josiah Test. The establishment has since been much enlarged by the erection of buildings and the increase of machinery. The present proprietors are Wm. and Rufus Test, and Josiah V. Jones, [Test Brothers & Jones.] It has two sets of machines, and two roll-cards, and nine looms. The goods manufactured are jeans, satinets, cassimeres, flannels, blankets, and yarn. Custom work, as carding, spinning, and cloth-dressing, is also done at this establishment.

The first School-house in the township is said to have stood where Dalton now is, and Luke Wiles to have been the first teacher. Although the common schools in this township are probably not inferior to those of other townships of the county, there is no high or graded school in it, owing, probably, to the fact that it has no town of sufficient population to require or sustain one.

The earliest Religious Society in the township was that of the Friends, who organized a meeting about the year 1827 or 1828, at West River, and held their meetings at first in a log house. Another was formed a few years later at Franklin, where they built a frame house. Both meetings still exist. Here, as at

DALTON TOWNSHIP. 209

some other places, the antislavery as^itation caused a temporary disunion. No other division has existed here. Absuloni Den- nis, Miles Mendenhall, Mahlon.Chamness, and Mahlon Dennis are among the names of residents who have been preachers.

The 3Iethodists, at a later date, formed a chiss at Dalton, and had preaching for a short time. None has existed here for many years. A church, a portion of whose members reside in this township, was formed about forty years ago, and built a meeting-house a mile and a half north of Dalton, on the north side of Randolph county line. This society still exists.

The Ba2:)tists also had in Dalton a society and a meeting- house, and had preaching a part of the time. James Austin was their first preacher. A church, formed by a union of two or more smaller ones, many years ago built a meeting-house a little north of the line of Randolph county. Into this church the societ}^ at Dalton was merged.

The United Brethren have had a society and a meeting-house, about two miles east of Dalton, about twenty years. Ab. Tout gave the land for the grave-yard, Lewis Weaver the ground for the church. Earl}- members of this church were Jeannetta Barr, afterward wife of AVm. jSIarshall, and her sis- ter Mar\% wife of Abraham Smith ; Henry Bailes, John Bailes, Lewis Bailes, AYm. Linley, [now a Danker preacher.] They have had as preachers. Dr. Richardson, Daniel Stober, John Brown, Alexander Carroll, and perhaps others. Their present preacher [1871] is James M. Cook.

The Town of Dalton was laid out by Tense ^Nlassey and Joseph Davis, pro[)rietors, and Joseph Davis, survej'or. The plat bears date January 25, 1828. An addition was afterward made by Joseph Davis, and, in 1836, another by Nathan Bald- win.

The Town of Franklin was laid out by Benj. F. Beeson and oilas II. Beeson. The plat, signed by them as pro[U'ietors, and Thomas Stanford as surveyor, was recorded January 7, 1832.

Isaac Macy and Wm. Davis were the first Justices of the Peace of the township after its organization. The present justices are "Wm. Chamness and John AV. Macy. 15

210 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

BiogrcLphical and Genealogical.

Charles Burroughs was born in Frederick county, Vir- ginia, December 20, 1794. He removed with bis father to Warren county, Ohio ; and in 1814 to Washington township, in this county. In 1822 he purchased land a mile north of where the town of Dalton now is, and settled on it perma- nently in 1826. He married in August, 1826, Jane Harris, daughter of Pleasant Harris, who was born July 26, 1811. They had fourteen children, as follows : 1. John C, formerly a practicing physician in Henry county, now a farmer in Har- rison. 2. Abigail, who married Thomas B. Williams, and died in Economy in 1870. 3. Francis M., who married Emily Eouth, and died in Wells county, June, 1862. 4. Jonathan 31., who married Eleanor Thornburg, was 1st Lieut, in Com- pany C, 9th Indiana Eegimeut, and died from wounds re- ceived near Franklin, Tennessee. 5. Hannah, who married Robert Lumpkin, and died in Randolph county. 6. James 31., who married Adaliza Gilmore. 7. Arminta, who died at 4. 8. Letty, who married Beuj. Hunt, and resides in Kansas.

9. Cassias 31., who was in the late war; married Sarah ISTetF.

10. Maria, who married Isaac Cavalt. 11. Thomas; 12. Laura B.; 13. Emma; 14. 3Iary.

William Chamness, from North Carolina, came to Dalton township [the date and the place of settlement not ascer- tained.] He had six sons, who settled in and near Wayne county : 1. Nathan, who lives one mile west from the town. 2. Jose2)h, who resides one and a half miles north-west from town. 3. Isaac, who settled in Randolph county. 4. Will- iam, who settled one and a quarter miles north-east from town. 5. Joshua, who lives in Randolph county. 8. Jesse, who settled a mile north-west from town.

Sons of Nathan Chamness are, William S., a merchant of Dalton ; David, who resides with his father. Riley, son of William, is also a merchant in Dalton. Jehu, also a son of William, is a wagon-maker. Larkin resides three-quarters of a mile east, and is a farmer. Seth resides in Richmond.

Joseph Davis was born in Chatham county, North Carolina, October 3, 1785. He removed with his father to Surry

FRAXKLIN TOWNSHIP. 211

county and mavried, May 31, 1807, Catharine Farsner, who was born Jan. 15, 1787. He removed to Ohio in 1808, and thence, in 1823, to the pkice where he now resides, near the town of Dalton. His wife died in September, 1870. Tlieir children were : 1. Nathan, who married Hannah Moore, re- moved to Henry county, where he died, Jan. 1, 1870. 2. WiUicim., who married Abigail Wright, removed to Howard county, and died there. 3. Mary, wlio married David Bald- win, and resides in Hamilton county. 4. ^l?nia, who married, first, Xewton Baldwin ; second, Daniel Thornburg, 5. George, who married Charlotte Baldwin, and removed to Grant county. 6. John, who married Caroline Chamness ; resides on the homestead. 7. Edwin TF., who married Kezia Baler, and lives in Randolph county. 8. Lewis, who died at 10.

FRANKLIN TOWNSHIP.

Franklin township was formed from New Garden, ]May, 1834. Its shape is oldong, being 7 miles in length, north and south, and 4 miles in breadth, east and Avest, containing 28 square miles of territory. The Richmond and Hillsboro' turnpike enters the toAvnship one mile west of the Ohio line ; and the road runs along the lines of lots straight through the township to its north line. Its principal stream is the Middle Fork of Whitewater, which enters the township from Ohio, about 2J miles south of the north-east corner, and runs almost directly south, about half a mile from the Ohio line, to the south line of the township.

The first settler within the township is believed to have been Isaac Commons, from jSTorth Carolina, in 1808 or 1800, one mile north of Middleboro', on land now owned by William, son of John M. Addleman. lie was soon followed by Robert Morrisson on the lot adjoining, north, which he sold to Henry Paleu, and Paleu to Joseph Ashton. John Nicholson settled on land now owned by J. M. Cox and Joseph Nicholson. Barnabas Boswell, on the south line, land now owned by E. Townsend and John Cox. Isaac Hiatt, on the quarter now owned by J. Butters and Robert Cox. All of these, it is

212 HISTORY OP WAYNE COUNTY.

believed, were Friends from ]^ortli Carolina, except IN'ichol- son and Ashton, who came from Delaware.

A little later, the following named persons settled in this, the south-east part of the township : Dr. John Thomas, on the south line, where his grandson, Henry W. Thomas re- sides ; the land first settled by Isaac Hiatt, as above stated. Edward Barton, on land now owned by Wm. Barton. John ISTicholson also owned, and sold to Wm. "Webster, the land now owned by Wm. E. Barton. Charles Teas, from Dela- ware, settled on the land now owned by John Townsend. John Zimmerman, from Pa., on state line, now owned by Edward Starbuck, Jun., and William Strawbridge. Benjamin Elliott, l!^. C, where Abraham W., his son, resides ; lived there until his death. James Wickersham, on the quarter now owned by W. Kewbern, S. Williams, and J. Dufiee ; John White, on part of section 2, now owned by John 11. Smith and Joseph P. Addleman.

In the south-west part of the township John P. Thomas set- tled, where his sons, John, George, and Henry now own, on the south line. Jonathan Grave, from Delaware, on laud now owned by II. G. Mckle; Wm. Starbuck, IST. C, where Joshua Jeffries lives; Benj. Harris, ]S[. C, where Daniel C. Eich lives; Paul Swain, JST. C, where D. Taylor owns ; Meshech Llew- ellyn, afterward Wm. Starbuck, where Joshua Elliott lives; Elijah Mnndin, the quarter now owned by John M. Brown and James V. Marshall ; Edward B. Hunt, N. C, on the quarter since owned by N. S., William, and Jesse Hunt; John Yenard, where S. Smith lives; Joseph Brown, Pa., wiiere he still re- sides; John Simmons and Thomas Fisher, IST. C, east half of the two east quarters of section 33, and Daniel Fisher the west half of said quarters, the latter now owned by James Perry, of Richmond; Micajah Jones, IST. C, the south-west quarter of section 33, now owned by Elihu Hunt.

The progress of settlement northward was materially retarded by apprehensions of danger from the Indians, until after the close of the war of 1812^ Job Elliott, K C, in 1815 settled half a mile south of the present town of Whitewater, where F. Fonts lately lived, now Josiah White. Stephen Elliott on quarter adjoining town. Wm. Hunt, N. C, on the east side of

FRANKLIN TOWNSHIP. 213

town ; land afterward sold to John Uiitliank, and next to Jolin White; now owned principally hy Handy D. Bowen. Henry ISTewton, from England, where John Pyle lives on state line. Jonathan Commons on state line, where David Stidham lives. Thomas Mason, from N. C, in 1816, near town, on the qnarter now owned by AYm. Addleman and Joseph S. Wood. In 1818 Samuel AVilliams, from IST. C, near town, on land no^v owned by James K. Dugdale and Peter T. Parris. Henry Garrett, N. C.,land now owned by James Garrett, Hiram Snpplee, and Barnabas Barton. Benj. Parker, from N". C, and Joseph Skin- ner, on the quarter now o"wned by John Powell and Joseph Draher. Elihu Hunt, !N". C, a mile north-east of town, where Jonathan Williams lives. Richard Bunch on land now owned by Stephen Bunnell. Thomas Mason, Jun., three-fourths of a mile north of town, on the quarter owned by Jesse Hunt, Wm. Worden, and Wm. D. Kemp. Nathan Jones, from IST. C., en- tered the land now owned by Calvin C. Hunt and Peter Blose. Gabriel Ilarrell, from N. C, half a mile south-west of town, on the quarter now owned by Henry Albright and others.

In the loest part of the township, Wm. Hunt (not the Wm. Hunt who settled near town,) settled where Elijah Roberts lives. George Blose, of Ohio, where Wm. Hunt now lives. Andrew Starbuck, from I^. C, on the land now owned by John T. Voorhees, on ISTew Garden line ; first settler probably Daniel Bucket, a Friend preacher. Joshua Brown, from Pa., on land uow owned by Joseph C. Graves. Isaac Pyle, on the north- west quarter of section 27, now owned by Elias Chenewith and Hugh Stevenson. Isaac Pyle resides on a part of section 22, formerly owned by Andrew Starbuck. Edward Fisher, from ]^. C, near west line, where he yet lives. Charles Thomas, froni jST. C, son of Stephen Thomas, where Jonathan Marine resides. James White, on west hue, where he still resides. Lemuel Chance, from N. C, where Isaac Thomas lives, on sec- tion 16. Wm. Fulghum, from IST. C, settled and owmed land where he and his son, Levi G., reside.

Wm. Addleman, from Penn.,in February, 1810, settled a mile and a half north-west from town. The second tree cut on his farm measured 7 feet and 7 inches across the stump, and its

214 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

length to the lowest limb was 77 feet 7 inches. The body of the fallen tree formed one side of the camp built against it, in which he lived with six children for several months before his cabin was built, his wife having died before his removal. John M. Addleman settled where S. D. Wallingford lives, IJ miles north of town. Wm. B. Kemp, from Md., where Henderson Kemp lives, near town, Joseph P. Addleman, where Wm. Hill lives. Nathan White, on the land noAV owned by Wm. G. and Joseph White, IJ miles north of town. James White, from S. C, after a few years' residence near Middleboro, settled on the south half of section 13, IJ miles north from town, wdiere he still resides. [See Sketch.] Nathan Elliott, N. C, settled on land now owned by Nathan White. Robert Star- buck, from N. C, where Whitmell Hill resides. Cornelius Vaunuys, where he now lives. He was an early blacksmith.

In 1817, James Harlin, from Kentucky, with a large family of children, whose names were Valentine, Elihu, Joshua, John, (who never lived here,) Jacob, Nathan, James, Edith, Polly, Anna. The father, with Jacob, Nathan, and James, settled near the township, in Darke county, Ohio. The other brothers, in 1817, commenced a settlement, known as the " Harlin settlement," now Bethel. John, Nathan, and James reside in low^a. Nathan Elliott, who settled in 1816, where James White now resides, also removed to this settlement in 1817. John Thompson and five sons of Nathan Anderson, John, Joseph, David, Nathan, and Wm. H., settled in the vicinity about the same time. The friends of these settlers constitute a large proportion of the inhabitants of the north- east part of the township ; the Anderson families numbering some ten or twelve.

In the north-west part of the township, Jesse Overman set- tled where Josiah Haisley resides, on land adjoining the north line. Wm. Nixon, where Peter 11. Wright resides, Samuel Henderson, where Nathan Edgerton lives. Thomas Simons on land now owned by Jesse Outland.

Paul Swain, Wm. Simmons, Thomas Roberts, Daniel Fisher, Nathan and Henry Hunt, who settled in the south- west part of the township, assisted in opening the road called the " Quaker trace," from Richmond to Fort Wayne. Edward

FRANKLIN TOWNSHIP. 215

Fisher and Ann, wife of Henry Blose, are the only children of these families now living in the township. Also, Ahrahara Ashley and Enos Grave, both of A\^ayne township, belonged to the party. Grave was surveyor of the trace.

A Saw-mill is said to have been built in the south-west cor- ner of the township, by Wm. Starbuck, about 1817, and was owned at different times by several persons. A saw-mill was built on Middle Fork by Henry JsTewton and John Unthank, about the year 1825 ; another afterward by John "White, tliree- fourths of a mile north of N^ewton's; and another by James White, three-fourths of a mile still further north, which run about 35 years, having been once rebuilt. John jSTicholson and Isaac Commons built a saw-mill in the south-east corner of the township, which is now owned by Abraham B. Elliott. A steam saw-mill, built in the north-west corner of the township, owned by Peter H. Wright, was destroyed by fire a few years ago.

In 1829, Valentine Harlan built a Grist-mill above James White's saw-mill. In 1837, AVilliam Addleman, Jun., and Stephen Elliott built, three-fourths of a mile north of White- water, a grist-mill which run about twenty years.

The first Merchant in Whitewater is said to have been John Price. After two or three years he sold the goods to Stephen Elliott, who was on the south-west corner, and by whom the house had been built. Thomas Morton, of Miami, Ohio, had a store in the north-east corner about two years, and built on the corner where Joseph A. Bowen now trades. Elliott sold his goods to John II. Bruce and Jonathan D. Gray. Wm. B. Schenck was here at least as early as 1839, and as late as 1844. T. J. Ferguson & Co., in, 1844. At Bethel, Wm. :\lcFarland appears to have been the first merchant in 1845, on the north- east corner, where are now a grocer}^ and a tavern, ke})t by jSTathan Harlan, and traded several years. Edward Osborn, of Newport, soon after established a store, kept by Joseph Un- thank. There were afterward, at different times, John A. Unthank, Walker Yeatraan, Jesse Richards, Jacob & Howard Harlan, Morgan & Henderson. Present merchants — Martin Wiley, dry goods; Xathan Harlan, grocer. Present mer- chants at AVhitewater — Joseph A. Bowen, north-west corner;

216 HISTORY OP WAYNE COUNTY.

Benj. "W". Addleman, south-east corner. Grocer — "Wm. B. liobinson, south-west coruer.

The first Physician was John Thomas, in the south part of the township, where his grandson, Henry "W. Thomas, now re- sides. He had an extensive practice, there being no other physician near. He carried his medicine in a bladder, instead of the ordinary saddle-bag. At Whitewater, afterward, were John H. Bruce, Azel Owens, Richard G. Brandon, Robert Hamilton, Wm. Williams, Wm. Commons, Robert Fisher, Harlan Harrison, now residing in Union. Dr. Thomas T, Courtney, after an absence of several years, returned to White- water, and died earlj^ in 1871. Present physicians — J. E. Beverly, J. B. Stevenson, W. P. Griflis.

The earliest .Religious Society in the township was that of the Friends, who built a log meeting-house two miles south of Whitewater, near the site of the present brick house on the turnpike. Isaac Commons, Job Elliott, Wm. Hunt, Joseph Ashton, John jSTicholson, Jeremiah Cox, Jun., and Luther Tillson, were early members.

The Christian Church at Bethel was formed in August, 1821, under the ministration of John M. Foster. Meetings were first held in the dwelling of Valentine Harlan, afterward in a school-house; next, in a large log meeting-house half a mile east of Bethel, where the grave-yard is, until the present house in Bethel was built. Since the pastorate of Mr. Foster this church has enjoyed the ministerial services of Valentine Har- lan, 2d., Eli Harlan, Hosea C. Tillson, Joseph G. Harlan, Hardin Harrison, and Henry Polly, now residing at Union.

The Episcopal Methodists organized a church near Jesse Hunt's, in the south-west part of the township, about the year 1830. Edward Starbuck, Hugh Stevenson, Joseph Hender- son, and Joseph Whitacre were early members. The organiza- tion was given up about six years ago.

A Methodist Episcopal Church was formed at Whitewater about 1831 or 1832. Among its early members were William Boswell, Thomas K. Peeples, Wm. Brown, and their families, and Margaret Addleman. It was in the Centerville and Will- iamsburg Circuits. The congregation at first met in a log house near where the present house was built in 1854.

FRANKLIN TOWNSHIP. 217

The Wesley an Methodists organized a chnrcli about 1854, and built their present house of worship near the site of the old house of the Episcopal Methodists. Early members were Ed- ward Starbuck, and Edward, his son, .Jacob and M

Brown, Elijah Roberts, Elias Cheneweth, Ambrose Roberts, with the families of most of them. Edward Starbuck, Jun., was a local preacher. Among their preachers have been John W. Johnson and Daniel Worth.

A Christian Church at "Whitewater Avas formed in 18(J7. Early members were James M. Gist, .Jesse T. Hunt, Wm. R. Winsor, Henry W. Thomas, Wm. L. Robinson, and their wives, Sally White, Aleda Harney, Milesia Addleman. Their permanent place of worship is the lower story of the Academy building. Their preachers have been Mr. Buf}', who had preached before the organii^ation, Wm. B. Moore, and their present preachers, Joseph G. Harlan and Edward Fen ton.

The Academy was built by a stock company, styled Frank- lin Township Academical Association, m or about the year 1859. The school is still continued. A select school was kept a year or longer by Milton Hollingsworth before the Academy was built.

The Town of Hillsborouyh was laid off by Stephen Elliott and .John White, proprietors. The description and survey of the plat was acknowledged and received for record -Novem- ber 14, 1828. An addition made by Stephen Elliott is dated September 8, 1832. The name of the town was, a few years ago, changed to Whitewater.

The Town of Bethel was laid out April 6, 1850; Elihu Har- lan and Joseph Anderson, proprietors.

Biographical and Genealoejiccd.

John M. Addleman was born in Chester county, Pennsylva- nia, April 14, 1790 ; married November 24, 1813, Sarah AVliit- aker, who was born February 17, 1796. He settled, in 1826, in Franklin township. He was elected in 1829 or 1830 a jus- tice of the peace. He had fourteen children, of whom eight were married : 1. Ann llaria lUaryeiret was mixn-'md to Wni. Kemp; 2. Joseph P., to Catharine Townseud; 3. John C'.,lirst 16

218 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

to Nancy 'N. Wood ; second, to Mary Eliza Dulin ; 4. James ^., to Hannah Morton, and died about 1850; 5. William S., iirst, to Judith Townseud ; second, to Ellen Townsend ; 6. Sarah Ann, to Henry H. Eeed ; 7. Benj. W., first, to Martha Kemp; second, to Mehssa Addleman; 8. George JF^to Martha J. Broderick. He served in the late war. Milton W., the eldest, was killed by lightning. Five died in childhood and infancy.

William Addleaian, from Chester county, Pennsylvania, settled in Franklin township in 1819, a mile and a half north- west of Whitewater, as elsewhere stated. [See Franklin Township.] His father, John Michael Addleman, was born in Germany, December 15, 1723, and emigrated to America in 1752. He was married on the vessel during his passage, and settled in Chester county, Pennsylvania. William, his son, was born there in October, 1758, and married Mary Hennix, December 6, 1790. He had eight children, all married, as fol- lows: 1. Alary married Joseph Oglesby in Pennsylvania; set- tled in this township ; removed to Ohio, and died in that state.

2, John married McLease, and in a few years returned to

Pennsylvania. Both are dead. 3. 31argaret married Nathan Grave, an early settler in Wayne township. 4. Eliza mar- ried Elias Ogan, an early settler. She died here ; he in Somer- set, Wabash county. 6. William married Mary, daughter of Job Elliott, and had six sons and two daughters. Three sons were in Col. Meredith's regiment, in the late war. Joseph O., who died in the battle of Antietam; Jacob O., who returned from the army sick, and died in nine days; and John, who, on account of sickness, was furloughed home. He re-enlisted, fought in the battle of the Wilderness, and in August, 1864, was discharged for physical disability. William O., another son, enlisted in the 147th Regiment in February, 1865, and served until after the close of the war. 7. Hannah married Robert Starbuck, removed to Ridgeville, where she died, and where he still resides. 8. Jacob married Mahala Starbuck, and died in 1864. Three sons, John, Andrew, and Flavins, were in the war. John Avas killed in the battle of Kenesaw Mountain. died of sickness at Washington City.

Benjamin Harris, from North Carolina, settled, in 1807,

FRANKLIN TOWNSHIP. 219

about six miles north from Richmond, and four miles south- east from J^ewport, in the south-west part of the present township of Franklin. He was a son of Obadiah Harris, Sen., elsewhere noticed. He died about the year 1850, on the farm on which he first settled. He had fifteen children, thirteen of whom attained to the age of majoritjs and were married: 1. Obadiah, who married Sarah, daughter of John Lewis, of Green, and settled on Green's Fork, near Williamsburg, now resides near Indianapolis. 2. Pleasant, who married Hannah Massey, and settled in New Garden ; afterward on jSTettle Creek, near Dalton. He has since lived at South Bend, and last in Iowa, where he died. 3. James, who married ]^aomi, a daughter of John Lewis, and settled on Green's Fork, where he died. 4. Bcersheba, who married Job Coggeshall, and set- tled near ISTewport, where she died. He resides at Williams- burg. 5. Jo/in, who married Nancy Harvey ; settled in Cen- ter; removed thence to near Newcastle; thence to Iowa, where he died. 6. i?eryamm, who married Lydia Iliatt, lived on his farm three years, and th^n settled near WilHamsburg, where he lived until 1868, and now resides a mile from Kich- niond. Mrs. H. died in July, 1867; and he married in April, 1870, Hannah Ann Estell. 7. Rebecca, who married Henry Dutterow, and settled in Franklin township. 8. Sarah, who married John Catey, of Green. 9. JlJan/are/, who married John Gardner, and lives in Oregon, where he died. 10. David, who married in Illinois, and died there. 11. Aaron, who mar- ried Martha, daughter of Richard Lewis, and resides in Hunt- ington county. 12. Elizabeth, who married Seth Gardner, and lives near Arba. 13. Nathan, who married, first, Hannah Thompson; second, Mrs. Edith Anderson, and resides at Union City.

Obadiah Harris, from North Carolina, father of Benjamin, came several years later than his son, and still later, Obadiah, another son. They settled in New^ Garden, a mile south from Newport, whence they removed to Randolph county. Both father and son were preachers in the Society of Friends.

Luther Tillson was born eight miles from Plymouth, Mas- sachusetts, in 17G6. He removed to Vermont, where he was married, and in 1802 removed with his family to Ohio, land-

220 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

ing with a company of emigrants at Cincinnati on Christmas eve. He bought land and settled in Butler county. In 1817, he removed to Darke county, Ohio, near Franklin township in Wayne county, Indiana, where some of the family afterward settled. He had nine children, seven sons and two daughters. All had families except the youngest, a son. Only two are living, Isaiah and Hosea C, who reside at Bethel. Both united at an early age with the Christian Church at Bethel, of which both are elders. Hosea has been a minister for many years.

James White, son of James White, was born in Nelson county, Kentuck}^, June 9, 1792. In 1800, he removed with his father's family to Butler county, Ohio, where, eighteen months after, his father died. About the year 1810 or 1811 he came with the family to this county, and settled at or near where Middleboro' now is. He was married September 20, 1814, to Jane Boswell, a daughter of Barnabas Boswell, born August 24, 1794. In 1818, he settled in New Garden, now Eranklin township, about a mile and a half north-east from Whitewater, where he has resided until the present time. He had a large share of the experience of pioneer life. About the year 1826 he was elected a justice of the peace for the term of live years, and re-elected for a second term of five years; and after an interval of one term, was elected for a third term of five years. He also held the office of notary public by ap- pointment from Gov. Willard and Gov. Wright. He had twelve children, all married, as follows: 1. Malinda, to James Garrett, and died in the township. He resides at Hagerstown. 2. Lucinda, to Peter Ellis, and resides at Whitewater. 3. Eleam, to Susan Curliner, and resides in the township. 4. Israel, to Nancy Oten. 5. Tabitha, to Augustus Bunch, and died at Whitewater. He removed to Tennessee. 6. James, to Anna Wright. 7. John, first to Sally Hubbard ; second, to Jane Tillson, and died in 1829. 8. Joseph married Esther Ad- dleman. 9. Nathan married Anna Harrison. 10. William, to Salina Yannuys. 11. Daniel, to Martha Wright. 12. Jonathan, to Eliza Guess. Those living, whose residence is not mentioned, reside in the township.

The brothers and sisters of James White, above referred to,

GREEN TOWNSHIP. 221

were: 1. Mary, who married Milton Ashhy, who died of dis- ease ill the war of 1812. She died in 1814, leaving two chil- dren, one of whom, Lavinia, married Wm. Austin, now resid- ing at Winchester. 2. John, who settled near his brother James, married Delilah Boswell, and died in 1835. 3. Eliza- beth, who married Abner Clawson ; botli dead. 4. Joseph, who married Alice Clawson, settled in Wayne township, and died December 26, 1868. They had six sons and four daughters; two daughters deceased. 5. Nathan, who married, first, EHza- beth Cook, and had a son, James C, who was killed in the battle of Kenesaw Mountain ; second, Susan Cox, by whom he had five sons and three daughters. 6. Sarah, Avho married Thomas Gray, and settled on the state line, Ohio side.

GREEN TOWNSHIP.

The township of Green was formed in August, 1821, from Perry and other townships. It contains an area of about 30 square miles. The principal stream in the township is Green's Fork, which passes through it diagonally from the north-east corner in a south-westerly direction. It derives its name from a famed Indian, John Green, well known to many old settlers still living, and whose name occurs in several places in our history.

John Lewis, from North Carolina, in the year 1810, settled with his famil}^ half a mile south of the site of the present town of Williamsburg, on the farm on which his son Joseph now resides. He was accompanied by his eldest son Richard, then past the age of majority. These were the first settlers in the township.

The following are believed to have settled in 1811: Henry Way, 1^ miles north-east of town, where Charles B. Ballenger re- sides. Seth Way, on the present farm of Jesse Cates. Joseph Prator, Thomas Cranor, and Wm. Johnson, near the town. Joshua Cranor, where his son Milo now lives, about a mile south-east from town ; and Reuben Joy, 2 miles north-east from town ; land now owned by Jesse Re^ynolds.

In 1814, John Green, from N. C, settled 2 miles north of

222 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

town on the farm now owned by Josephns D. Ladd, and was accompanied by Joseph Ladd and his son William. J. Ladd settled on the farm lately owned by Samuel Johnson, now by Martin Ballenger. In 1816, also from IST. C, came Abel Lo- max, who settled on laud now owned by James Frazers heirs; Elijah Wright, where Alexander Wright lives ; Jeremiah Stegall, on land now owned by Alexander Stegall; Wm. Cook, with his sons, Cornelius and James, about 4 miles north-west from town ; land now owned by his heirs and descendants.

In 1814, Benj. Hutchins, from IST. C, settled where now Wm. McLucas lives, IJ miles north from town ; and Thomas, on land now owned by Job Coggeshall, a mile north from town. Benj. Hutchins afterward removed to the farm where he now resides, near the United Brethren meeting-house. John Hutchins settled a mile north-west from town, where James M. Cranor resides. Henry Study, a native of Mary- land, in 1818, a mile west of town, where his son John resides. Mr. Study is said to have had the first iron mold-board plow in Wayne county.

The following named persons were generally the first settlers on the lauds they owned, but the years in which most of them settled have not been ascertained :

In the south-east i)art of the township, Joseph Comer, where now Joseph Comer, his son, resides ; Joseph Palmer, where Daniel Palmer resides; Henry Gower, and James Irwin; first settler on their lands not ascertained ; Thomas Teagle, where now a son resides. Joseph Evans, from JST. J., entered several quarter sections, now and lately owned in part by Mark Evans, Joseph Lewis, Abner Clawson, and John Bean. John Catey, from '^. J., also several quarter sections, por- tions of which, east of the turnpike, he still owns. Joseph Personett, from Mc\, settled on land now owned by Benj. P. Beverlin. Wm. Beverlin, from Va., settled as early, probably, as 1812, on land now owned by his son Thomas, and John Catey, where the latter now resides. Jesse Bacon, from N. J., on land formerly owned by Benj. Harris. Henry Catey, from J^. J., where Samuel Catey resides, IJ ndles south-east from town. Thomas Bond, south line of township, land now owned by his heirs.

GREEJ^ TOWXSIIIP. 223

In the south yart of the township, Antlionj Chamness, from !N". C, settled where his son Joshua resides. Drurj Davis lives on land formerly owned by Stacy B. Cate3\ Jesse Young, on land now OAvned by Isaac Ilcnsliaw, Avho lives in town. Samuel Ball, where now Benj. Thorn resides. Enos Yeal, from iST. J., where he still lives. Allen AI. Harris, first proprietors not ascertained. Charles Spencer, on land for- merl_y oAvned by Orr Scoville, Richard Lewis, where ]Srathan I. Bond lives. Benj. Satterthwaite, on land now owned by Jonathan Mnllin.

In the west -pcai of the township, John Cain settled where he now resides. Henry Oler, wliere his son Henry resides. Luke Dillon settled on land where Thomas Cranor lives. Joshua Ballenger had other parts of the section, now owned by Jacob Ballenger and Larkin Bond. Benj. Ballenger north part rf the section, now owned by Jacob Ballenger. Amos W. Ladd, afterward Thomas Oler, who also owns land one mile north, settled where he now resides. Henry, Joseph, David, and Isaac Study, sons of Henry, Sen., where they first settled. Elliott, on land now owned by S. Elliott. Nathan Riley, from Ohio, where Thomas Judd resides. Lorenzo King, lately L. Culbertson.

In the north-west part of the township, John Beard, from Md., on township line, on land previously owned by John Shelly. Jesse Baldwin, from X. C, on land now owned by his son Eli Baldwin and Isaac Y. King. Section 23, owned by Ephraim and T. J. Cates, George AY. Scantland, and Peter Hardwick, first proprietors not known. Washington Cranor settled where he still lives. John St. Myers, where his sons reside, Wm. Ladd, on land now or lately owned by Erank Beverlin, Joseph Personett, and Thomas Judd.

Ephraim Cates resides 1|- miles west from Williamsburg, and owns several farms in the township.

In the east part of the township, George Johnson, son of William, settled on land now owned by Thomas Edwards. Levi Jessup,2 ra. south-east of town, on land now owned in part by Elisha and Samuel Pitts, and Jonathan Ilaisley. Joshua Murphy, from iS". C, where Harvey Harris now lives. Jacob

224 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

Cook, an early settler from Ohio, a native of ]^. C, on land now owned by Ezekiel Johnson and George Brittain.

In the north-east j^art, Daniel Charles, about 1816, settled where he still lives ; land now owned by Henry Charles and Hannah Blair. Wm. Trotter and Hugh L, Macy settled where they still live. Isaiah Case, on lands "now owned by S. Mitchell Boyd and "Wyatt Green. Paul Way, from N. C, where now Joseph Way lives. Jeremiah Thorp, from Tenn., where he now lives. Eleazer Smith, from ]!!^. C, where now his son, Wm. D. Smith resides. Valentine Pegg, from K. C, where he still resides. John Pegg, from IT. C, on land now owned by his son John. William Clemens, where he now resides, not an early settler.

Hartman Eigenbrot, a native of Germany, came from Penn. to Richmond in 1835, and three years thereafter to where he now lives, 2 miles south-east from Williamsburg. William Sharp, from Ireland, in 1854, settled in Richmond, and en- gaged in the starch manufacture ; sold out in 1862, and in 1870, removed from Ohio, to where he now lives, 2 miles south from town. Jonathan Mullen, from Ohio in 1827, settled in 1854 where he now resides, 1| miles south from town. Henry Catey, a native of Germany, from I^ew Jersey in 1821, settled IJ miles south-east from town, where he re- sided until his death in 1850, aged about 80 years. John, his son, now lives IJ miles south of town.

Charles Spencer, a native of Conn., from Penn., in 1819, settled where he now resides, 1 J miles south of tovvm. He is said to have made, in 1820, the first pegged shoes ever made in Wayne county, and, in 1821, the first iron mold-board plow.

The first School in the township was kept by Richard Lewis in a log house on his father's farm.

The first Blacksmiths in the township were Wm. Underbill, below town, and Joseph Way, 1| miles north-east from the town. Also, Hanan Roberts and Moses Davidson were early blacksmiths. The present blacksmiths are Elias and John Roberts, and two sons of Wm. Richter.

The first Wagon-maker was Wm. Richter, who still con- tinues the business. He was a son-in-law of Richard Lewis,

GREEN TOWNSHIP. 225

son of John Lewis. Reynolds carries on the carriage-making business.

Wm. Johnson built the first Grist-mill about the year 1818, where the present mill in Williamsburg stands. A year or two later, Stacy B. Catey built a saw-mill 1| miles below town, where also a grist-mill was built. About the same time Reuben Joy built a saw -mill 1| miles above town ; and a few years after Hugh Johnson built a grist-mill ; both are now owned by Jesse Reynolds.

The first Merchant in AVilliamsburg was [name lost], who commenced trade about the year 1831 ; prior to which time the inhabitants were supplied at Richmond. Of those who have since traded for longer or shorter periods, were John Pennington, Joshua and Thomas Cranor, Stephen and Samuel Johnson, Stephen Cofiin, eight or ten years in the firms of B. & S. Cofiin and Andrew Purviance & Co., Pleasant Un- thank and Grifiin Davis, afterward Davis alone. Present Merchants — Grifiin Davis, Pierce Brothers, [James and Asher,] and William Campbell.

Dr. Curtis Otwell was the first resident Physician^ the in- habitants having been previously served chiefly by Drs. Warner and Kerl, of Richmond, Waldo, of Jacksonburg, and Way, of Newport. After Otwell, George Blair, Linus P. Taylor, and John T. Chenoweth. The last two are the present practicing physicians.

Richard Lewis is said to have been the first Justice of the Peace. Other early justices were Barnabas McManus, Joseph Ladd, John Green, Joseph Lewis, Samuel Johnson. Ezekiel Johnson and Winston E. Harris are at present justices.

Abel Lomax served two or more years as representative, and a term of two years as senator in the legislature ; and Joseph Lewis as a representative, at the session of 1845-6.

The Baptists probably formed the first church in the town- ship, which was organized E'ov. 21, 1818, about 3 miles north of town. Among the first members and those who joined soon after, were Isaiah Case, Benj. Jones, Eleazer Smith, and their wives, James Martin, Hannah Case, Polly McQuary, Jeremiah Swaflbrd, Sarah and Rebecca Potter, David Erazer, Margaret Shoemaker, Nathaniel Case and John Stigleman 17

226 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

and their wives. Rev. "Wm. Oldham, from Salem church,

E,ev. Martin, from Elkhorn, and others, officiated at the

organization. In June, 1819, Benj. Jones and JSTathaniel Case were ordained deacons. In December, 1819, Rev. Isaac Cotton became their minister, and continued his pastoral labors about twenty years. He was succeeded by ITathaniel Case about six years, and Andrew Baker some ten or twelve years. Henry Rupe, Mr. Lyons, and others have supplied the church at different times. Meetings were first held in a log house. A frame meeting-house was built about 1830, 3 miles from Williamsburg, and about twelve years ago a brick one, near the same place.

A Methodist Episcopal Church and society was formed about the year 1820, perhaps earlier. Among its first members were Abel Lomax, Henry Study, Joshua Ballenger, ITathan Riley, and their wives. Their first was a log meeting-house, where the house of the United Brethren now stands, about half a mile west from town. A brick house was afterward built in its place. In 1851, their present house in town was built. Their preachers have been Joseph Tarkington, Miltideus Mil- ler, John Kiger, John Burt, Mr. Morrison, Caldwell Robbins, John Metzker, Benj. Smith, Asahel Kiunan, ^qv PhiUips, George Newton, Abraham Gorreil, Lewis Roberts, John F. Pierce.

The Friends formed a society a few years later, and built a log house about oj miles north-east from town. After an ex- istence of about fifteen years, the society was discontinued, a part of its members going to Newport, and a part to Cherry Grove.

A Fort and Block-house were built during the war of 1812, on the farm of John Lewis, by John, Joseph, and Richard Lewis, Joshua and Thomas Cranor, Seth Way, and others. About three miles north-east from this, another, on land now owned by Thompson Smith, was built by William Whitehead and others, and called the "Whitehead block-house."

An Odd Fellows Lodge, the Chinkarorer, No. 120, was insti- tuted ISTov. 25, 1852, on application of Wm. Silver, Wm. Brown, James H. Stanley, D. Dinwiddle, and Abel Evans. Its officers were, Wm. Silver, N. G. ; James H. Stanley, V. G. ;

GREEN TOWNSHIP. 227

James Smith, Rec. Sec; Sylvester liollister, Treas. Present officers — Samuel Catey, IsT. G.; Daiiley Palmer, V. G. ; Addi- son C. Reynolds, Rec. Sec; Barzillai H. Reynolds, Per. Sec; Joseph D. Cranor, Treasurer.

The United Brethren organized a church about the year 1845. After a few months preaching, a class was formed, of wliich the following named persons are believed to have been mem- bers: James Jester and Lucretia, his wife, Benj. Harris and Lydia, his wife, Samuel Johnson and Catharine, his wife, Herbert C. Pierce and Margaret, his wife, Susanna Cranor, James and Phebe Stevenson. Their first meetings were held in private rooms in Williamsburg, afterward in a school-house, I mile east of town. Their present house, about half a mile north-east from town, was built about the year 1855. Their first preacher was Isaac Robinson, who was succeeded by Wm. Ault, Wm. Keudrick, Robert Morris, and their present minis- ter, Thomas Evans. Persons belonging to secret societies are not admitted to membership.

The Town of Williamsburg was laid out by "William John- son, proprietor; John Frazer, surveyor, March 16, 1830; and recorded March 23, 1830.

Biogra'phical and Genealogical.

Samuel K. Boyd, son of Samuel Boyd, an early settler in Harrison, was born in Kentucky, June 29, 1794, and removed with his father to that township in 1811. He was married, in 1817, to Martha Lewis, daughter of John Lewis, of Green, and settled 1^ miles north-east from Williamsburg, where he lived until his removal to Centerville, a few years ago, where he now resides. He had by this wife five daughters : 1. Priscilla, who married James Clemens, and resides at Linnville, Ran- dolph Co. 2. Att/Tissa, who married John Charaness, of Will- iamsburg, and is deceased. 3. Sarah Ann, who married Joseph Lomax, a lawyer at Kalamazoo, Mich. 4. Ecelina^ who married William A. Peelle, Centerville. 5. Martha, wife of Winston W. Harris, and resides at Somerset, Wabash Co. After the death of his wife, Mr. Boyd was married, in 1828, to Bethany Ladd, by whom he had ten children, five sons and five daughters, of whom six were married: 1. Isabella, to

228 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

Thomas Fagan, of Williamsburg. 2. William L., to Rebecca Martin; resides at Chester. 3. Ca^Aarme, to William Good- rich, and resides at Dunkirk, Jay Co. 4. llary, who married John Keever, of New Garden, where she died in 1861. 5, 6. Bethany and Samuel K., unmarried. Of the other four, James, John, and Amanda died young; and Joseph L., in 1865, the day of his discharge from the United States army, in Texas.

Frederic Dean was born in North Carolina, July 9, 1800, where he was married to Polly Brooks, who was born in 1802. In 1831, they removed to Wayne county, and settled in what is now Clay township, 2 J miles west of Washington. Mr. Dean died Jan. 5, 1840, leaving four children, all of whom lived to be married, as follows: 1. Elizabeth J ane^ who was mar- ried to George Avery, and after his death to David Fowler.

2. Jesse B., to Martha, daughter of John Green; 3. Luzetta, to Caleb C. Mendenhall, who died in 1867; 4. Johji L.,to Car- oline Lamb, of Perry, where Mrs. Mendenhall also resides.

John Green was born in North Carolina, Feb. 9, 1795, and was married Oct. 13, 1814, to Judith Ladd, who was born Dec. 5, 1794. In the fall of 1814, he removed to Wayne county, and settled on the farm now owned by Josephus D. Ladd, about 2 m. north of Williamsburg, where he resided until about the year 1848, when he removed about a mile east, where he lived until the year 1865. He was, during his residence in the township, highly esteemed by his fellow-citizens, and held for several years the office of justice of the peace; and he was a member of the Baptist church. Mr. Green had eleven chil- dren, besides a son who died in infancy, named as follows : 1. Catharine, who married Isaac Study, and resides in Green township. Mr. S. is not living. 2. Nancy, who married George W. Brittan, and removed to Iowa, where he died.

3. William, married, and lives at Attica, Fountain Co., Ind.

4. Cynthia Ann, who married Andrew Thomas, and died, leaving five or six children ; he has returned to North Caro- lina. 5. Patspy S., widow of Jesse B. Dean. 6. Harnpton L., who married Mary Stanley, and lives in Missouri. 7. Wygatt, who married, first, Mary Macy ; second, Margaret Macy. 8. Elizabeth, wife of John C. Potter. 9. Judith, who married Charles Garrett; removed to Missouri, where he died, and

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GREEN TOWNSHIP. 229

where she resideg. 10. Narcissa, who died at 11 ; and JoJm, who died at 5. Mrs. Green died Sept. 20, 1858; and Dec. 27, 1860, Mr. Green married Mrs. Polly Dean, widow of Frederic Dean. In 1865, he sold his farm, and removed to where he now resides, near Richmond.

EzEKiEL Johnson was born in Monmouth Co., N. J., March 14, 1807, and was married, Oct. 16, 1828, to Mary Matthews. They removed to Green township in 1838, and settled 3 miles north-east of WiUiamsburg; and in 1861 he removed into the town, in which he still resides. He has for many years been a local preacher in the Methodist Episcopal church, and is at present a justice of the peace. Their children were: Eliza- beth, who married David Reynolds, and died in 1852, aged 24. Thomas S., who married Amanda Whitmarsh, of Michigan. They left in December, 1862, as missionaries to India. JIaria, who died at 14. Charles P., who married Margaret Cady, Martha, who married Wesley H. Engle, and resides in Mis- souri ; and three who died in childhood and infancy.

John Lewis was born in Guilford Co., JST. C, in the year 1765, and was married to Sarah Ruct. In 1810, he came with his family to Wayne Co., Ind., and settled half a mile south of the present town of Williamsburg. His eldest son, Richard, who had attained the age of majority, accompanied the family. These were the first settlers in what is now Green township. Hence it will be readily presumed that he had a thorough experience in all that pertains to pioneer life in a timbered country. He lived on the farm on wliich he first settled until his death. His children were : 1. Hannah, who married Thomas Lamb, of Green township; 2. Richard, who married Lavina Hall; 3. Sarah, wife of Obadiah Harris, who Hves near Indianapolis ; 4. Naomi, who married James Harris, and died in the township; 5. Jiar/'Aa, wife of Samuel Iv. Boyd, died in the township; 6. Priscilla, who married David Martin- dale, and died near Indianapolis; 7. AUen TF., who married Lucy Hollingsworth, and resides 1 mile south-west of Will- iamsburg.

Joseph Lewis, son of John Lewis, w^as born in Xorth Caro- lina, Feb. 6, 1794, and came, at the age of sixteen, with his father, to Wayne county. He married Martha Boyd, who was

230 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

born ]!^ov. 27, 1800. He resides on the farm on which his father settled in 1810. His occupation has been that of a farmer; and by industry and economy has acquired a large estate. He taught, at an early age, the first school in the township. He has held the ofiice of justice of the peace, and has represented the county in the legislature. He has had twelve children : 1. Samuel W., who died at 10. 2. Louisa, who married Thomas Cranor. 3. 31inerva, who married Nathan Wilson, and after his death, Jacob Swearingen, and lives in Henry Co. 4. Adaline M., unmarried. 5. John H., who married Eliza- beth Kelso, of Huntsville, and resides there. 6. Cai^oline, who married Henry Stigleman. 7. Clarissa, who married George H. Smith, and lives 6 miles south of Richmond. 8. Lorinda, who married Abner Clawson, and died in 1864. 9. Narcissa, who married Isaac Jenkinson, of Fort Wayne, a lawyer, and editor of the Fort Wayne Gazette, and now consul at Glasgow, Scotland. 10, 11. Martha and Sarah, who died at 6. 12. Josejjhine S., who married A\^m. Hunt, and lives 6 miles south of Richmond.

Joseph Personett, a native of Maryland, removed from Hamilton Co., O., in the winter of 1821-1822, and settled If miles south of Williamsburg, on the laud now owned by Frank Beverlin, where he lived until his death, in 1864, aged 84 years. Susannah, his wife, who was a native of Virginia, died several years earlier. They had a daughter and five sons: 1. Lavina, who married Wm. Case ; removed about 1854 to Wabash Co., and died there in 1868. 2. Rolla, who married Thamer Livingston ; lived in Ohio several years ; and lives now in Hancock Co., Ind. 3. John, who married Jane Chngon, and died near Troy, Ohio, in 1836. 4. William, who married Julia Ann Fulton ; taught school in this county several years; served two terms as county surveyor; removed to Hancock Co. about the year 1854, and died there in 1857. 5. Joseph .II., who married Therissa Jane Murray; lived on the homestead until 1870 ; now resides in the north part of this county. 6. Lorenzo D., who married Ann E. Ogborn ; taught schools about three years ; was engaged in mercantile business about three years; studied medicine with Dr. John Pritchett in Centerville, from 1841 to 1844, and removed to the town of

[RJY ST

HARRISON TOWNSHIP. 231

Washington, where he has been, and is now, in the practice of his profession and in the mercantile business.

Henry Study was born in Pennsylvania, near Marykxnd line, Feb. 12, 1780. In his twenty-third year he removed to New Windsor, Md. ; and was soon after married to Charlotte Cook. He removed thence to this county, and settled, in 1819, a mile west from AYilliamsburg, where he resided until his death, Aug. 6,1862, and where his son John now resides. His wife died about a year later. He was a member of the Meth- odist church, and was associated with other pioneers in estab- lishing Methodism in this section of the country. He was one of the few who organized the first class in the region where he lived, and was appointed its leader. His children were — 1. David, who married Lydia, a daughter of Seth Way, and resides 2|- miles north-west from Williamsburg. 2. Josejjh, who also married a daughter of Seth Way, and lives | rpile south of David's. 3. Louisa, who married Joseph Cranor, and is deceased. 4. William, wlio married Harriet Stegall, who resides 1| miles west from town. 5. Samuf I, who resides at Hagerstown, and is a cabinet-maker. 6. llatilda, who mar- ried James Stanley, not now living ; she resides at Williams- burg. 7. Henry, who married Sarah Lomax, and resides 2 miles west from town. 8. Isaac, who married Catharine, daughter of John Green, and is deceased; the widow resides in town. 9. Martin, who married Helen Greenstreet, and re- sides in Selma, Ind. 10. John, \yho married Nancy Smith, and lives a mile west from Willi amsbursf.

HAEEISON TOWNSHIP.

This township was formed in the year 1843. Its shape is irregular. The distance between its eastern and western bounds varies from 5 miles to 2 ; the distance between its northern and southern bounds varying from 2 to 4-J miles. Its area is less than that of any other township in the county except Dalton, being only 19 square miles. Green's Fork crosses the eastern part of it, about a mile and a half west of the east line : and the main branch of another stream crosses

232 ■ HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

the two northernmost and the three western sections of the township.

Samuel Boyd, from Tennessee, settled, in the spring of 1811, ahout 2J miles north-west of the present town of Jack- sonburg. He was probably the first settler in the township. His land was that at present owned by Jacob Metzker's heirs. In October following, John Beard, from N. C, after a year's sojourn in Tennessee, and a residence of five years south of Hunt's settlement, within the bounds of the present county of Union, settled near the south-west corner of this township. He cut his road a great part of the way through the wilder- ness, without assistance, having his family and goods with him, and driving his team, and his cow and calf. His farm, on which he resided the remainder of his life, is now owned by his son, Isaac IT. Beard, who lives about a mile north-east fropa the old homestead.

During the winter and spring of 1812, Jesse Beard, Thomas Eay, Wm. Irving, John McKee, Eobert Leavell, Joseph Worl, and others, also settled in the township. On the breaking out of the Indian war in the spring of 1812, a num- ber left, and some of them never returned. Those who remained built a fort, with a block-house in one corner, in which they gathered at night, and in the day returned to their homes. Most of the women and children were taken to the east part of the county, or to the border of Ohio, and stayed until the war was over. The fort was on the ground of Henry Brown, now owned by Penj. Clark, a mile west of Jacksouburgh, and was built by Samuel Boyd and his sons Samuel K., James, William, and Robert Boyd, Henry Brown, "Wm. Irviug, and Thomas Ray.

The following are the names of early settlers in this town- ship, and of the present owners and occupants. Those named as early settlers, however, were not in all cases the first set- tlers— some of them, perhaps, were the second or third owners :

Robert Leavell, in 1811 or 1812, settled near the present site of Jacksouburgh, the town being on a part of the quarter sec- tion, and a part of the land now owned by Henry jSTull. Jonathan Morris, on land now owned by his son Jonathan, and resides with his son Elias Morris. Abraham Crum,

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HARRISON TOWNSHIP. ' 233

(probabl}^) where D. Reiser lives. AVm. Brown, wliere Lewis Bond resides. Isaac Sellers, where John Kensinger lives. Peter Roller, on land noAV owned in part by John Boyd. Peter Runyan, on land now owned by Wasliington TVorl's heirs. James Wilcox, on land now owned by Jacob Allen. Samnel and Wm. Boyd, on land now owned by Joseph Lewis, of Green township. James Ralston and John Shank, on land now owned by Martin Worl. Joseph Charles, on land now owned b}^ Silas Spitler. Sampson Nation, a native of S. C, after a sojonrn in Tennessee and Kentucky, settled near Jacksonburgh, 1815, where Samnel ("arr resides. He also lived near Germantown, and moved to Dudley, Henry Co., in 1825. His sons, Abel and William, are at Xew Lisbon. Ephraim Clark, a native of Pa., came from Ivy. in 1814, and settled on land first owned by Henry Brown, on which his son Benj. Clark now resides.

James Dougherty settled a mile south of Jacksonburgh, and worked at farming and tailoring. Ilis farm is now owned by Adam Rader. Zadok Dougherty made spinning-wheels in town, and afterward settled half a mile west, where liis family now reside. George N". Holman, from England, set- tled near James Dougherty; had a small farm, and was a shoemaker. John McKee,from Ky., settled IJ miles south- west of town, where he died, land now owned by heirs of Ebenr. Eliason. John Scott, from Ivy,, in 1811, settled 1|- miles north from town, wliere he died. His sons Harrison and John reside in the township; John on the homestead; Harrison, on a farm adjoining. Another son, Elias, died in the township.

Thomas J. Warman settled, first, south of town, afterward permanently 2 miles south-west from town, where he residetl until his death. He was a member of the first board of county commissioners elected under the constitution of 181G, and was associated with James Odell and Thomas Beard. In 1815, Josiah Bundy settled on Warman's first place, sold it afterward to Abner M. Bradbur}^, and removed to Rush or Henry Co. ; the farm now owned by Philip Binkley. Michael Swope, from Pa., settled about a mile east from town, on land lately owned by Andrew Eliason, now by John Kepler.

234 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

Wm. Irvin settled J mile west from town, where John Mundel lives. Andrew Cunningham, on land now owned by the heirs of Nicholas Hipe. David Bowers, where George Lichty lives, in the south-west part of the township. George Bundy, on land now owned by Charles Boughner. Isaac

Morris, on land lately owned by A. Boyd, now by

Shanks. Joseph Shanks, on the land now owned by his son- in-law, Enos Beard. Richard L. Leeson, from Ya., in 1816, on the land now owned by his heirs, on Green's Fork. He served in the war of 1812. School section, [16] now owned by R. L. Leeson's heirs, H. Hoover, Peter Kepler, and Hender- son Hosier. P. Kepler owns lands in sections 10 and 15. Lewis Hosier settled early south of school section, probably on the quarter owned by A. M. Hosier, J. Boyd, and A. Bond. Thomas Reynolds, from N. J,, now in the south-east corner of the township ; first settler not recollected. Isaac Kinley, father of Major Isaac Kinley, of Richmond, on the land now owned by M. Jarbow. On the south half of sec. 10, owned by J. Beeson, P. Kepler, and S. Kitterman, first settlers not remembered. Daniel Huif, where now C. Huff, his son, lives, on the east line of the township.

The first School is, said to have been taught — probably in the winter of 1814-15, in a log school-house on the bank of Martindale's creek, IJ miles north of Jacksonburgh. It is supposed by others that Jonathan Kidwell kept the first school in a log school-house 11^ miles south-west from town. A whole log, says Isaac N. Beard, was cut out for a window, and the aperture closed by his father, John Beard, who pasted over it numbers of the Cincinnati Gazette.

The first Blacksmith was Joseph Rippey, 1| miles north of Jacksonburgh.

The first Grist-mill is said to have been built as early as 1812, by one Doane. The frame consisted of two sycamore trees felled across the stream. The bed stone was laid on these logs, and a shaft from a tub wheel passed up between the logs, and turned the upper stone. Four forks set into the ground supported the roof of split clapboards, which covered the millstones and hopper. Like many of the earlier mills, it ground only corn. Aaron Miller, about 1818, built

HARKISON TOWNSHIP. 235

Oil Martiiidale's creek a saw-mill, said to have been the first ill the township. Several years after, James Wilcox and Francis Brown built a saw-mill a mile and a half north of Jacksonbnrgh ; and another Avas built by Jehu Jones, about the year 1825, a mile and a half north-west from town, in the place of a grist-mill burned some years before. Another saw- mill was built 2 miles south-west I'rom Jacksonbnrgh, by Jonathan Morris. On Green's Fork, a mile east from town, a grist-mill was built about the year 1838, by Wm. McLucas, where a mill is still run by Henry Hoover,

On and near Green's Fork, Jacob Hoover settled where Bee- son lives, and near the land owned by H. Hoover. James and John Boyd settled on the land now owned by Henry Hoover,

who lives on it and owns the grist-mill. Knott, on land

now owned by John Kepler, who also owns land adjoining.

John HoUiday settled about 2 m. north-east from town ; the land now owned by his heirs. Samuel Holliday, where now Kankin Baldridge resides, adjoining Jefferson and Clay town- ships. [ISTathaniel Leonard is believed to have settled on the land now owned by J. Alonzo Scott, on the north line of the township. David Beeson, from N. C. to Wayne Co. in 1825, settled in 1830 on the place now^ owned by his son Jabez, in the south-east corner of the township. He died in 1855, aged 61. Solomon Kittermau, from Va., in 1838, on the place where he now lives. Jesse Hosier was born on Green's Fork, in this township, and died in 18(36, aged 51. His widow resides 2| miles north-west from Centerville.

The Town of Jacksonbnrgh was laid out by Robert Leavell. The survey, by Henry Bryan, was dated March 23, 1815, and recorded May 31, 1815. Centerville is the only town of earlier date in the county. Jacksonburgh was the place for holding elections in the township of Jackson until 1836, when it was changed to Cambridge. It was a central place for military parades, liorse-racing, and somewhat signalized for fighting. For a few years it grew considerably. Abraham Elliott set- tled in the town soon after it was laid out, and kept the first Tavern in a log house. A Tannery was built by Josiah Brad- bury ; a lZ«i!-s/(o/9 was established by John Zatt; a Pottery hy Zachariah Gapen ; one or more Blacksmith-shops; a shop for

236 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

making Spinning-wheels, by Zadok Dougherty. Jonathan Kidwell, also, who soon settled in town, is said to have been a wheelwright, and for a time a preacher in the Christian church, and later a Universalist preacher.

The first Physician in Jacksonburgh was Loring A. Waldo, about 1818, who, about fifteen years afterward, moved to Del- aware Co. The next, it is believed, was L. P. Pumphrey, who, after a few years, removed to Henry Co. Among his suc- cessors were Dr. Leggett, Dr. Taylor, and in 1849, Dr. Samuel S. Boyd, now of Dublin. Present physician, John R. Mauk.

Ezekiel Leavell is supposed to have been the first Merchant in Jacksonburgh, probably soon after the town was laid out. "Who were his early successors has not been ascertained. Eif- ner & Hurst were there in 1841 ; and in 1843-45, Strattan & Wright.

Richard L. Leeson, a native of Pa., came from Eaton, O., settled a mile east of town, and established a Tannery about the same time that Josiah Bradbury commenced his in town, and sold to his brother Abner M., who continued it for many years.

The first Religious Society in the township is believed to have been that of the Christians, then called by some ISTewlights, at Jacksonburgh, formed about 1815. They held meetings in dwellings, barns, and school-houses. In 1820, they built a frame meeting-house in town. The society was formed by David Piirviance, Samuel Boyd, John Scott, and others, who were afterward joined by John Beard, Richard L. Leeson, Robert Leavell, Elijah Martiudale, and others. Another in- formant names as first members, Samuel and Isabella Boyd, Sarah, William, John, and Abraham Crum, Wm. Reynolds, Jesse Frazier, Henry Logan, Jonathan Kidwell, and others — 60 or 70 in all. The society, he says, was organized as a Christian or Disciple church, by James McYey and Daniel Winder. Among the members were Joseph Shank, Wm. Boyd, R. L. Leeson, Mary Graham, and others. Their house was destroyed by fire about 1840, by an incendiary. It was replaced in 1841 by a brick house, which was remodeled in 1870; and a dedicatory sermon was preached by Elder David Franklin.

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HARRISON TOWNSHIP. 237

The Friends also formed a society about the year 1815 or 1816, at West Union, li miles south of Jacksonburgh. Patrick Beard, Benj. Morgan, Wm. Saint, John Lacy, Lewis Hosier, Josiah Bundy, Jehoshaphat Morris, and Jonathan Morris, were early members. Meetings were held in a log house. The society existed about 15 years. [See Milford Meeting.]

Biograpliical and Genealogical.

John Beard was born in JSTorth Carolina, August 2, 1780. His parents emigrated from Londonderry, Ireland, and settled in ISTorth Carolina in 1770. He married Mary Wright in Car- olina, in 1803 ; removed with two children to Tennessee, and thence, a year after, in 1806, to a few miles below Hunt's set- tlement, now in Union county, and in October, 1811, to the present township of Harrison, cutting his road a part of the way through the wilderness, and driving his team with his family and household goods, and a cow and a calf, without as- sistance. He had a full measure of the experience of pioneer life. He is represented as having been an honest, industrious, and estimable citizen. He was for a time a member of the Christian society at Jacksonburgh, and one of their preachers; and at a later period embraced the Universalist faith. He is spoken of by one who knew him well, as " a patriot and a true lover of his country, at all times manifesting a deep inter- est in the prosperity of the United States, and the perpetuity of our free institutions; and that in the faithful discharge of his duties as a husband, a parent, and a neighbor, " he left behind him an example worthy to be followed." He died Feb. 13, 1859, in his 79th year. Being a member of Hall of Milton Lodge of Free Masons, he was buried with the usual Masonic ceremonies on the 15th. His wife survived him less than two years. She died at Milton, Oct. 16, 1860, in her 81st year. She proved a valuable helpmeet to her husband amidst the hardships and privations of pioneer life, and possessed in a high degree those qualities which adorn the female character, and which fitted her so well for the discharge of her social and domestic duties. The children of John Beard were : 1. Sarah, wife of Robert AYillitts, who died in Iowa. 2. Isaac N. [Sk.] 3. Mary W., wife of Jacob Sinks, deceased ; resides

238 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

with her daughter, wife of Kilby Ferguson, Indianapolis. 4. Malinda K., wife of H. C. Justice, who went to the far west some thirteen years ago, and is supposed to be dead. She re- sides with her brother, Isaac N., in Harrison.

Isaac N. Beard, son of John Beard, was born in I^orth Carohna, May 16, 1808. He was about three years of age when his father settled, in 1811, in what is now Harrison township, the place being then without a name. Being an only son, his help was needed on the farm, where he remained until after he attained to manhood. He married, March 31, 1833, Matilda Swope, who was born in Pennsylvania, Oct. 19, 1814. He settled in , on the farm where he now re- sides, near that of his father. He possesses the esteem and confideuce of his fellow-citizens ; having received at their hands various offices of trust, the duties of which he faithfully dis- charged. He holds now, and has held for many years, the office of justice of the peace ; and has been elected as representa- tive of the county in the state legislature. His wife died of a cancerous affection, Feb. 11, 1871. Their children are Victoria, who married James Lichty ; Mary, who married George T. Kepler; Benton J., John W.,Levi W., Matilda, Ida.

Samuel Boyd was born in Craven Co., S. C, May 20, 1763. He was of Scotch descent. His father, James Boyd, had previously emigrated thither from Vi^-ginia, and had six sons and two daughters. The father and one son died in a Tory prison dur- ing the lievolutionary war; and Samuel, the subject of this sketch, came near losing his life by a ball from a Tory gun. He recovered, however, with the loss of his left eye, and served through the war, having enlisted at the age of 16. He was married, December 12, 1785, to Isabella Higgins, who also was of Scotch descent, and a not distant relative of Robert Burns, the poet. She did not forget, through life, that, when a young woman, she danced with Andrew Jackson. In 1788, Samuel Boyd, with his wife and one child, moved to Kentucky, where they lived 23 years. To provide homes for his nine children, he removed to Whitewater Valley ; and in November, 1811, he built a tent of bark and limbs of trees on Martindale's creek, 2 miles north of Jacksonburgh, where he entered a quar-

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HARRISON TOWNSHIP. 239

ter section of land, on which he hved until his death, Novem- ber 27, 1835, aged 72 years.

In 1801, during the famed Kane revival, in Kentucky, lie made a profession of the Christian religion, and during tlie remainder of his life he labored faithfully, as a minister, for the salvation of others. During a missionary tour to the In- dians, he again came near losing his life. An Indian boy thoughtles-ly touched a burning brand to a keg of powder, blowing the rude hut to pieces, killing two children, and in- juring Samuel Boyd, who was laid out as dead. He recov- ered, and for more than a score of years was an active laborer in the cause of his Master. He was a member of the Christian church, then often termed "Newlights."' As a public speaker he was earnest and animated, and for one of so limited educational advantages was an efficient Christian teacher. His wife lived to the age of 88 years, and died a Christian, October 31, 1852. They had ten children ; all but one having lived to be married, and settled as farmers and farmers' wives, and all except one in Wayne county : 1. James, who died in Richmond, September 29, 1863. 2. John, who, at the age of 82, resides in Dublin. 3. William, who died in Harrison township, September 22, 1846. 4. Elizabeth, wife of Elijah Martindale, lives at Newcastle, aged 78. 5. Samuel K., who resides at Centerville. 6, Lard, who died in infancy. 7. Robert, who settl-ed in Henry county, and died there, February 24, 1853. 8. Martha, wife of Joseph Lewis, at Williamsburg, aged 71. 9. Mary, wife of Abner M. Brad- bury, Cambridge City, aged 67. 10. Isabella Ladd, who died in Marion county, September 16, 1854. These nine heads of families had 92 children; and these have so multiplied that it is safe to estimate the descendants of Samuel and Isabella Boyd at the present date (1871), at 550 children, grandchild- ren, great-grandchildren, and great-great-grandchildren. At a social reunion of the Boyd family in 1861, 274 of them sat down to a dinner, more than one hundred and fifty being absent.

Abner M. Bradbury was born in Warren Co., 0., July 8, 1798, removed from Butler Co., at the age of 17, to

240 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

Martindale's creek, 3 miles west of the town of Washington, and, with his brother John, built a small falling mill in 1815. In 1820, he settled in Harrison township. In March, 1821, he married Mary, a daughter of Samuel Boyd. He was, in 1820, appointed deputy sheriii* under Abraham Elliott; was a delegate to the Whig National Convention in 1848; was elected in that year an associate judge for Wayne Co.; and in 1832, 1833, and 1834, elected a representative in the legisla- ture. In 1836, he was elected a senator, and held two years; and again in 1841, for three years. In April, 1869, he removed to Cambridge City, where he now resides. His children are:

1. Isabel, who married James Leeson, of Harrison township.

2. Caroline, wife of James Kussell, Alexandria, Madison Co.

3. William H., who married Jane Kinley. 4. Elizabeth, wife of Isaac Harned, of Cambridge City. 5. James L., who mar- ried Eveline Nicholson, and resides near Newcastle. 6. Martha, wife of Josephus Mundell, of Hagerstown. 7. Samuel B., who married Margaret O'Neal, and. resides at Winchester. 8. Daniel M., who married Sarah Ballenger, and resides at In- dianapolis. 9. Robert Burns, who married Sarah Townsend, and resides at Cambridge City. 10. Albert W., w^ho married Francis Hatfield, and resides at Cambridge City. 11. Allison B., who married Sarah Burr, and is a practicing physician at Milton. 12. Emma, unmarried.

Lewis Hosier, from North Carolina, in 1807, after a few years' residence on the Elkhorn, settled on the land now owned by his son Henderson in Harrison. He was a man of limited education, which was chiefly acquired from the few books he was able to obtain, or to which he had access. He was fond of reading, and succeeded in getting hold of a number of works of the best authors, which he read with avidity, and with which he made himself familiar. He delighted in dis- cussion; was an acute reasoner, and adhered with unusual firm- ness, not to say obstinacy, to deliberately formed opinions. He was a man of strict integrity. His children living are Isaiah, in Demnark, Iowa, and Henderson, in the south-east part of Harrison township. Children deceased, Enoch, Jesse, Eliz- abeth, Mary. Lewis Hosier died in 1853, aged 78.

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HARRISON TOWNSHIP. 241

Peter Kepler, son of Matthias Kepler, a Revolutionary soldier, emigrated from Pennsylvania to this county in the year 1820, and for about a year lived in the Treadway mill on Green's Fork, in the north-east part of Washington township. In 1821, he settled in the east part of Harrison tovrnship, on the land now owned by his son John, where he died in 1817, aged 65 years. His childen were John, Peter, Margaret, Catharine, and Andrew T.

John Kepler, son of Peter Kepler, Sen., was born January 8, 1808, at Middletown Valley, Frederick Co., Maryland. He removed, in 1815, with his father to Green Co., Pa., and thence, in 1820, to Wayne Co., Ind., and now resides on the farm on which his father settled permanently, as stated in the above notice. Mr. Kepler was married, first, to Anna Poland, Dec. 25, 1828, and had by her a daughter, Mary Catharine, not now living. He married, second, August 8, 1841, in Wayne Co., Angeline Danner, who was born in Maryland, August 9, 1821, by whom he had seven children : Margaret Elizabeth, born June 6, 1843 ; died, Jan. 22, 1864 ; Caroline Zerelda, born July 27, 1845 ; Orestes Alexander, born July 28, 1849 ; John Florence, March 10, 1851 ; died April 2, 1852 ; A^ierling Kersey, born August 5,1853; Manzella, a daughter, born June 24, 1855 ; Alonzo Peter, born May 11, 1858. Mr. Kepler is one of the most successful farmers in Wayne county, and one of the principal financial men of Eastern Indiana.

Isaac Kinley was born in Guilford Co., N. C, Oct. 19, 1797. He settled in Randolph Co., in 1817, and in Jackson, now Harrison, Wayne Co., in 1825. He removed, in 1846, to Iowa, where he died, December 24, 1858, from the kick of a horse. He married, in 1816, in Highland Co., Ohio, Ann Reese. Their children were : 1. Caleb, who died at 24 ; 2. Edward, who married, first, Mahala Macy, second, Mrs. Mary B. Davis, and is a lawyer at Brunswick, Missouri. 3. Frederick, who, in 1846, removed from Randolph Co. to Iowa. On the breaking out of the war in 1861, he enlisted, with his two sons, Daniel and Oliver C, aged 19 and 17. He was in numerous battles, and was wounded at Vicksburg, in May, 1863 ; was fur- loughed home; rejoined his regiment at Memphis in October; and was killed at Chattanooga on the 25th. 4, Isaac. [Sk.] 18

242 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

5. Anna, who married Joseph Wain, and resides at Wamego, Kansas. 6. Jayie, who married Wm. Bradbury. 7. Sarah, who died in infancy. 8. Martha, who married John Daniels, and resides at Marion, Linn Co., Iowa, and is recorder of the county.

Isaac Kinley, Jun., was born in Randolph Co., Ind., Nov. 27, 1822. He married, iirst, Nancy B. Holloway, in 1849; second, Mrs. Jeannie G. Adams, October 2, 1859. At the age of 15, he commenced as a teacher, and taught district schools for several years. In 1848, he commenced teaching at Greens- boro' Seminary ; and afterward taught in Union Seminary at Spiceland, Henry Co. In 1850, he was elected from that county to the Constitutional Convention as a free-soil delegate. In 1854, he was elected state senator for four years. In 1861, he removed to Richmond ; and the same year he enlisted in the war, and waa chosen Captain by the company, and elected by the officers of the 36th regiment of Indiana as Major, and commissioned by the governor. He was in the battles of Corinth, Perrysville, Wildcat, and wounded at Stone River. In 1863, he was appoined Provost Marshal of the 5th District, In 1866, he was elected to the senate from Wayne Co. In 1869, he departed with his wife on a tour to Europe, and returned to his home in Richmond, having, during his absence written a series of interesting letters which were published in the Radical newspaper of Richmond.

John Scott, a native of Virginia, from Kentucky in 1814, settled in the north part of what is now the township of Har- rison, where his son John now resides, and where he died in 1824, aged 53 years. His children were James C, William, Robert, Jane, Maria, Lorenzo, Harrison, John, Paulina, and Lucinda. James C. died in 1854, where his son Elias now lives, aged 50 years. Also, William, Robert, and Lorenzo are deceased. Harrison, who married a daughter of the late Caleb Lewis, of Washington township, resides in the north part of Harrison.

JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 243

JACKSON TOWNSHIP.

Jackson township was formed in Februar}', 1817, by the first board of county commissioners under the first state con- stitution. It then probably contained about one-sixth of the area of the county, or upward of 60 square miles. By the several alterations of its bounds, in the formation of new town- ships and of adjoining counties, it has been reduced to about 28J square miles, and to a shape not easily described. It is 6 miles wide on its west line, and 3 miles of its east end is but 1| miles wide — its entire length 8 miles. The National road and the Indiana Central Railroad run on nearly parallel lines, about GO rods apart, east and west, nearly through the whole length of the township. *•■

Tlie earliest settlement in the township appears to have been made in the eastern part. In 1809, or soon after, John Short- ridge, from Ky., settled near and south of East Germautown. lie was the father of John Shortridge who w^as shot by an Indian, as elsewhere related. Wm. G. Reynolds, from Ohio, with his brother-in-law, Isaiah Drury, came in 1811. Reynolds served in the Indian war under Col. Taylor, afterward general and president of the United States. Reynolds and Drury moved in 1855 to Illinois, and died there. George Shortridge, a son of John, Sen., settled where Joseph Vinton lives, near the depot. He afterward laid out the town, mostly on his own land, and called it Georgetown. The name not being general!}^ acceptable to the inhabitants, it was changed to Ger- mantown.

East of Germautown, John Lacy, of N. C, settled where Henry Shisler lives, and owned also wliere John W. Sfeffy

resides. Vance early owned the land south side of the

road where Peunville is. James Personett, from Ohio, settled

in 1819 on land now owned by Houck, of Centerville,

and Henry Whisler. Jacob Waltz, of Pa., in 1823, on land previously owned by Jesse Frazier, who was a Christian preacher. Joseph Boyd, from Ky., about 1814, in the east part of the township, near the National road. Richard

244 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

"Wharton, from Ky., in 1814, settled where Joseph Rothemal and Henry H. Bruce reside. Wm. G. Reynolds, on land now owned by Cyrenus Wysong and Wm. Long. Aaron Mannon, from Ky,, on the turnpike ; land now owned by John Jacobs. Peter Lacy, about 1812, where Andrew Eliason lives. Patrick Beard, from IST. C, about 1811, settled near the east line of the township. Pie was a member of the constitutional convention of 1816, and was since elected twice to the senate.

Jacob Brooks, from Ky., settled on land still owned in part

by himself and by Austin, and has removed into Center

township.

At a later period, Pennsylvania Germans began to settle in this part of the township; and the immigration continued many years. John Huntsinger, Frederick Waltz, Henry Leon- ard, and others, natives of Pa., came from Ohio, about the year 1820. Huntsinger settled a mile north-west of German- town, and the others near the town. Joseph Schock, from Pa., about 1823, settled near the south-west corner of the town, and still resides on the farm, a bachelor, at the age of 73 years. He bought of the Shortridges. George Shaffer settled south of the town, and died about twelve years ago. Charles Morris,

from N. C, settled in or about 1824 where Boughner now

lives. Morris now resides in town. About the years 1837 and 1838, came Jacob, Michael, and Wm. Gipe, and Jacob Sowers, Jacob Heist, and still later, Mahlon Boughner. Peter Jamison, in 1838, settled 2 miles east of town ; was a school teacher, moved to town, and taught the first school in town. He died in Dayton, Ohio, in 1850.

Jacob Vaubuskirk, from Ky., settled about 2 miles east of Germantown, and was a blacksmith, probably the first in the east part of the township. Henry H. Bruce, a blacksmith, settled near town ifi 1824; married Polly Wharton in 1825, and removed to where he now resides, 2 miles southeast of town.

Town of Germantown.

The town was laid out by George Shortridge, proprietor; John Beard, surveyor. It was named Georgetown, and the plat was recorded Aug. 1, 1827. The name was afterward changed to Germantown, and recorded under that name Sept.

JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 24 5

14, 1832. The name of its post-office is East Germantown, to distinguish it from an earlier one named Germantown in this state ; and the town also seems to have taken the name of East Germantown. Several additions have heen made to the town : by Frederick Johnsonbangh, Oct. 11, 1837, recorded in 1839 ; by Jacob Rieman, Oct. 11, 1837, recorded Jan. 23, 1841 ; by Jacob and John Baker, Jan. 1846 ; by Charles Morris, March 7, 1853.

Dr. Trout, from Ohio about 1834, was tbe first Physician in town. lie remained but a few years. The second is supposed to have been Dr. E. Licket; the third, Dr. Hittel, from Ohio. Present physicians are Joseph Weeks and Daniel Carpenter.

George Negly is said to have kept the first Tavern, about 1836, then in the west part of the town. The next was kept by Jacob Waltz, who built a house in 1836 or 1837, and opened it in 1838. It was afterward kept by John Berry and others, and later by Jacob Gipe, who sold it some six or seven years ago to Charles Morris, who sold it to Wm. Goldman.

Wm. Anderson was the first Merchant in Germantown, about 1834 ; the second, it is said, was John Binkley. In 1840, Wm. Lawrence and Lackey & Johnsonbangh had stores here; in 1841 and 1842, F. & M. Johnsonbangh; in 1843-4, and perhaps later, John S. Wolf. In 1844, Jacob Gipe opened a store where H. T. Jamison now trades. Mr. Gipe has since been in trade at different times with T. J. Riley, H. T. Jami- son and Goldman, retiring finally in 1857. Business is

continued by Jamison. Sowers, who commenced in 1856

with T. J. Riley, has since, as partner in the firms of Schofi" & Sowers, Sowers & Brother, and Sowers & Riesor, been in the business, with the exception of one short interval, until May, 1871, when the store was purchased by its present proprietors, Riesor & Rhnle.

The first Blacksmith in the town probably was Jacob Stevens, from Pa., about 1834. John Condo, from Pa., early bought of John Crum, on the state road near Germantown, forty acres of land with a blacksmith shop. After two years it was de- stroyed by tire ; and Condo built a shop in town. A year or two after, it passed into the hands of Adam Condo ; and the business was carried on by Adam and Peter Condo, near where

246 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

the latter now carries on the blacksmithing and wagon-making business, at the east end of the town.

The manufacture of Cast Steel Plows was commenced many years ago, by Adam Condo, an early resident of Gerraantown. The business was afterward carried on by A. Condo & Son [Daniel Condo]. 'New buildings of brick were erected in 1870; and since last winter the business has been conducted by A. Condo and Jacob Spence, his son-in-law [A. Condo & Co.] The establishment has 10 forges, employs about 15 men, and is capable of making about 2,000 plows a year.

The Lutheran Church and congregation at East Germantown, composed mainly of Germans from Pennsylvania, was formed about the year 1824. Among their early members were the Waltzes, Condos, Keplers, and others. Meetings were for several years held in the log school-house. Their minister, Rev. Gruber, lived in Ohio, but came over at stated times to preach and perform other pastoral services. Two acres of ground, a short distance north of town, were purchased at $11 an acre, comprising the sites of the present house of worehip, parsonage, and cemetery. The meeting-house was built in 1833. There being among these Pennsylvania immi- grants members of the German Peformed Church, they joined with the Lutherans in building the house, and called a pastor of their own, S. Zumpey. The ministers preached alternately to the united congregation. This union con- tinued but a few years, since which time the congregation has been solely under a Lutheran pastorate. After Mr. Gruber, they were served for a time by missionaries, Henkel, Heinaka, and perhaps others; and since by regular pastors, beginning with Schultz, who was succeeded by Eisency. They preached only in the German language. Next, Julius Stirewalt and Isaac Hursh, who preached in German and English alternately. M. J. Stirewalt, the present minister, preaches exclusively in English. About ten years ago, the church edifice was thoroughly repaired, and a gallery at one end, a steeple, and bell were added.

Another church, called Evangelical, and distinguished more particularly by the name of Albright, was organized about the year 1835, and built a meeting-house about 1842. Among its

JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 247

early members were Adam Condo, Charles Kneclit and wdfe, Barbara, wdfe of Jacob Gipe, John Dill and wife, Samuel Cochran, Jacob Kieman, William Clingenhagen and w^ife, Henry Erkart and wife. Early ministers, Absalom B. Shafer, Angenstein. Present minister [1870], James Wales.

Settlement about Cambridge.

The lands at and in the vicinity of the site of Cambridge City were settled early. John Hawkins, from Kentucky, a native of South Carolina, entered, in 1813, the north-east quarter of section 27, which included the site of the old town of Vandalia; but he did not live to occupy it. The laud descended to his son, William Hawkins, who took up the fractional quarter west of it ; the two quarters embracing nearl}' all of the site of Cambridge. Simon Powell, from Kentucky, also a native of South Carolina, entered the quar- ter north of the present farm of General Meredith, extend- ing to the old State road. He, too, died without settling on his purchase. His family settled on it in 1813 or 1814, the eldest son having nearly attained to manhood. Their cabin stood on the east bank of the river, south of East Cambridge. Jesse Symonds, iS'orth Carolina, bought north side of the State road, adjoining Hawkins's, but, without settling on it, sold to Josiah Draper. JSTathan Symonds, from jN". C, settled north of and adjoining Jesse's, and afterward sold to Wm. Conw^ell. These lands are now owned by John Callaway. Henry Crull settled early on the north part, and George Ish on the south part of the present farm of Gen. Solomon Meredith. They sold to Ira Lackey, who, in or about the year 1836, built the house (since enlarged) wliere Meredith now" resides. Wm. Hawkins bought, besides the lands already mentioned, the land w^here his son I^athan S. resides, near and north-west of the town. Samuel Charles, from N". C, on land east side of Hawkins's, forming a part of the

tract north side of town, owned by John Callaway. A'an-

buskirk, on the land now owned by Alfred B. Williams, and perhaps the lands of Henry and John Ingerman and otliers. Henry Palen, from IS". C., on land now^ owned by John

248 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

Morris. Palen had resided a short time 7 miles north from Richmond.

Josiah Draper, about the year 1820, built, north side of the State road, a Grist-mill and a Saio-mill, which were sold to Benj. Kirk, who built the grist-mill below, which he sold to Wm. Conwell, who added a saw-mill. The grist-mill was sold to John Cockerfair, who put into it a Carding Machine and other machinery, and who still owns the grist-mill.

The Town of Vandalia was laid out by Wm. Hawkins, sur- vey recorded June 1, 1824. Wm. Conwell opened a Store there in April, 1828, and Hudson Cannon about 1830, who two or three years after removed to Milton, where he died. Benj. Conklin, who had been from the beginning a clerk of Conwell, bought the store, and continued business there until 1838. After the construction of the National road, business was attracted to the line of that road. Ira Lackey opened the first Store in East Cambridge as early as 1835; some say 1833 or 1834. Others soon followed him, among whom were Elliott, Hannah & Meredith, and J. & I. Pennington ; and in 1838 Benj. Conklin removed his store from Vandalia to the large two-story building he had erected for a store and dwell- ing, on the south side of the road, a short distance east of the bridge. But the business career of East Cambridge, though commenced with flattering prospects, was of short duration.

Cambridge City.

This town was laid out in 1836 ; Ira Lackey, Sandford Lackey, George Graham, Thomas Tyner, AVilliams Petty, Wm. Hawkins, proprietors. The plat was recorded Oct. 26, 1836. Several additions have since been made by Wm. Con- well, Wm. Hawkins, Thomas Newby, Jonathan Hawkins, and in 1867 by Charles H. Moore and Benjamin Fulghum.

After the incorporation of the town, business tended rap- idly to the west side of the river. Sanford Lackey opened t\\Q first store in the new town, on the east corner of the block east of the canal, south side of the street, in the present brick building erected by him for a store. He afterward

JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 249

built the house on the opposite corner, now occupied as a hoteh

Benj. Conklin, the last merchant who left East Cambridge, removed to the building then owned by Wm. Hawkins, now occupied by Felix Conklin as a hardware store. About the year 1845, Post & Enyeart built the "Mammoth Store," and for two years carried on an extensive wholesale grocery trade. The Whitewater Yalley Canal, which was completed in 1846, contributed vastly to the trade of Cambridge City. This soon became the central point of trade of an extensive territory. It was the grand depot for the produce of the country, brought here for shipment, and for the delivery of merchandise. The merchants of Indianapolis received for a time their goods at this place. Large quantities of wheat were floured here. The present brick ilouring-mill, then newly built by Benj. Conklin, had in it, at one time, 90,000 bushels of wheat, or 5,400,000 pounds.

That this extraordinary prosperity, the result, in great part, of a peculiar juncture of circumstances, should be en- during, was hardly to be expected. The completion of the canal to Hagerstown, and the construction of railroads, have virtually established a mart of trade in every town, and measurably ri arrowed the sphere of the trade of Cambridge; yet this being the converging point of so many railroads, and being surrounded by a fertile country and a wealthy population, it can hardly fail, with an enterprising popula- tion, to maintain a large and prosperous trade.

Among the earlier Merchants, besides those already men- tioned, were Harvey & Newby, Andrew and Frederick John- sonbaugh, "Williams Petty, John Hosea, Casper Markle, Edgerton & Taylor, Simon Clackner, Bloomfield & Petty.

Present merchants: Dry Goods — W. S. T. Morton, Adam Epply, Ilyre & Shroyer, C. B. Elliott, Henry Hoover, Jack- son, Ayler & Knott. Grocers — J. P. Smalley & Co., J. W. Marson & Co., Israel Morrey, Frank Ebbert, J. & D. Drischel, J. T. Baily, Theodore Frohnapel, IT. Carey & Son, M. C. Jay, Robert Griffin.

In 1845, the first Hardware Store in Cambridge City was established by Kathan H. Paymond and his son Charles H.

250 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

Ill 1855, Edward, brother of Charles, became a partner — firm, C. H. & E. Eaymond ; afterward, E. Raymond & Co. until 1867 ; then, C U. Eaymond & Co. ; present proprietors, Charles U. and John U., sons of Charles H. Eaymond. A second hardware store was established by Henry M. Conklin in 1853 or 1854, from whom the establishment passed, in 1859, to Felix Conklin, its present proprietor.

The tirst Drug Store, it is said, was established in West Cambridge, by Thomas D. Whelan, in or about the year 1840. It is also said that, a year or two afterward, Dr. Sam- uel T. Sharp started a drug store east of the river, which "was really the first regular drug store." After his death, his store was sold to J. Milton Sanders, which was kept but a few weeks. The next druggist was Leander Hurd, from Cincinnati. He and his wife both died in 1847 ; and the stock was purchased by C. H. Hood, who kept the store a year or more. Before Kurd's death, Dr. J. N. Cowden opened a drug store on the west side of the river, which, after his death in 1849, passed into the hands of E"athan Raymond, who kept it until 1871, when it was purchased by George "W. Shults, Jun. Present Druggists — L. S. Tibbals, S. P. Hoshour, James McCaffrey, Will H. Conover, George W. Shults, Jun.

Boot and Shoe Stores and Manufacturers in Cambridge City are Gauze & Peters and J. Mattis & Co. Samuel Ford, boot and shoe maker.

Saddlers and Harness-makers are Bradbury & Brother and Hiram Craig.

Among the early Physicians in Cambridge City were Sam- uel T. Sharp, who came in 1837 or 1838, and died there in February, 1846 ; and Dr. Nathan Johnson, who came in Feb- ruary, 1839, still living there, but too infirm to practice. Dr. Joel Pennington, who had settled in Milton, in 1825, came to Cambridge a few years after Dr. Johnson, and remained about two years, and returned to Milton. Dr. James V. Wayman came in Oct. 1842 ; John H. Wayman in 1846, and went to California in 1851. Dr. John Sim came, it is supposed, in 1847; he resides there now, and is county treas- urer. He was a major in the 36th Indiana regiment in the

JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 251

late war, and was wounded at Chickamaiiga. The present physicians are James V. Wayman, Lemuel R. Johnson, who began practice here in 1855, John Wall, William Kissell, AY- E. Carnahan, homoeopathist.

Early Lawyers were David Macy, in 1839 or 1840 ; Ximrod H.Johnson, 1842, for several years; George W. Whitman, since State Controller of California; and David W. Reed. Present lawyers, Wm. S. Ballenger, George A. Johnson, La- fayette Develin, James H. Stewart, David IST. Berg, Robert Fletcher.

Cambridge City Bank was established in the spring of 1853, under the Free Banking Law, with a capital of §100,000. John Hunt was its first President, but was succeeded, after about three months, by Williams Petty ; and he, a few months after, by John jMarsh, who held the ofiice until its close. John W. Burson was Cashier from its commencement until 1856. It then passed into the hands of Isaac Myers, J. D. Skean, and others : Isaac Myers, President; Thomas JSTewby, Cashier. In 1862, John Callaway became President. In De- cember, 1863, it was organized under the National Banking Law, as the First !N"ational Bank of Cambridge City, with a capital of $50,000, which has since been increased to $100,000. Its present proprietors are John Callaway (Pres.), Thomas Newby (Cash.), AYm. Lemberger, Jacob Vore, and Milton Thornburg.

The Public Hall is a splendid one, surpassed probably by few in the state outside of Indianapolis. It is to the citizens of Cambridge a thing of great convenience and utility, and highly creditable to its proprietor, Mr. Joseph Morrey. It will seat 600 people ; is lighted with gas, has dressing-rooms, drop curtains, and scenery, all complete. The hall is 40 feet wide and 90 feet long, ceiling 26 feet above the floor, and the stage 25 feet deep ; and the whole is beautifully frescoed. The hall is in the large brick block, completed by Mr. Morrey in 1868, for store-rooms and ofiices. The cost of the build- ings is about $20,000.

Cambridge City Car Company, for the building of railroad cars, was organized in 1868, and chartered under a general law of the state legislature, with a capital of §100,000. Its

252 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

officers were, Wm. Mercer, president, and Wm. Dunham, secretary and treasurer ; George L. Thomas, car huihler. They manufacture freight cars only. The number built yearly is about 500, of the average value of about $700. Connected with the establishment is a foundnj, in which the necessary castings are made. The president died early in 1871. [The establishment at present is not in operation.]

The Cambridge City Manufacturing Comjmny had its origin in the manufacture of Adams' Queen Washer, by Caleb M. and James Peelle, in August, 1867. In 1869 they were joined by Albert W. Fletcher and Edward Peelle [tirm, C. M. Peelle & Co.]; and to their business was added the manu- facture of sash, doors, and blinds, and of building materials generally. In October, 1869, they obtained a charter as a joint stock company, styled the Cambridge City Manufactur- ing Company, with a capital of $35,000.

The Flax Mill of Joseph Morrey is an important manu- facturing establishment in Cambridge City. It converts annually about 500 tons of flax-straw into tow for the manu- facture of bagging ; and the article is shipped quite exten- sively to Louisville, Ky., and St, Louis, Mo. This establish- ment affords steady employment to about 20 hands.

The Marble Works in Cambridge were established in 1857, by James W. Carpenter, with a stock of $200 worth of un- wrought marble, bought at Indianapolis wholly on credit. In 1863, he took into partnership Thomas C. Vickrey, now of Richmond, who retired from the concern after two years; since which time Mr. Carpenter has continued the business alone. About two years ago he began to import the Scotch granite. This business has been constantly increasing, and now extends to several of the "Western states, and forms the most important part of his trade. The monuments are all manufactured in Scotland to order; and as Mr. C. is himself a partner in the manufacture in that country, where he has recently been to efi'ect the arrangement, he is enabled to sup- ply orders at lower prices than are charged at other estab- lishments in the West. His sales, during the first year, amounted to about $500 ; the last year, $100,000. Several of the imported monuments were sold for $2,500 each.

JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 253

The Flower and Plant Nursery iu the west part of the town has been established aud matured by Joseph W. Vestal, who, in 1855, commenced vegetable and truck farming. In 1860, he commenced the green-house cultivation of flowers, and made about 300 square feet of glass covering, to which he has an- nually made additions, until he now covers nearly 10,000 feet with glass, and cultivates about 3,000 varieties. His plants are sold into nearly every state in the Union east of the Rocky Mountains. His business during most of the year is the supplying of nurserymen, florists, and dealers with stock for retailing, or with new phmts from which to propagate stock. He also deals in sweet potato and other early plants. Plants and flowers are sold by retail to customers from sev- eral townships of the county. Sales amount annually to about §8,000 to $10,000.

Schools. — An Academical School was established in Cam- bridge by Prof. Samuel K. Hoshour, who came to this place in 1839, from Centerville, where he had acquired a high rep- utation as teacher and principal of the Wayne County Sem- inary. The Academy building was on the east side of the river. Prof. Iloshour continued his school for about seven years, when the building was destroyed by fire and the school discontinued.

The new Public School House, which stands in the east part of AYest Cambridge, is a fine building, equaled in size and the style of its architecture by few in the county. The town is consolidated into a single district; and the course of in- struction embraces all the branches of study, from primary to academical.

Religious Societies. — The Presbyterian Church of 31iUon and Cambridge was formed at Milton, August 1-4, 1837, by Rev. Messrs. Graham and John A. Meeks, appointed by Ox- ford Presbytery. Its first members were, Samuel, Margaret, and Alex. Brand, Julia Ann Walker, John Lincoln, George W., Catliarine, and Susannah Snyder, Henry Shull, David T. and Isabella Ilileman, and Alenor Allen. Henry Shull, Da- vid T. Ilileman, Samuel Brand, and George W. Snyder were chosen elders. Meetings were held for two years at !Milton, after which the place of meeting was changed to Cambridge,

254 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

where, for many years, only occasional preaching was hiicl; and meetings were held in the churches of other societies and in school-houses. In 1853 the name of the Presbytery was changed to Whitewater; and the same year the name of the church was changed to Presbyterian Church of Cambridge City. The present house of worship was built in 1858, on the corner of Railroad and Green streets, on a lot given to the society by Charles H. and I^athan Raymond. Since the first election of elders, Nathan H. Raymond was chosen to that ofiice, June 21, 1846; Henry B. Dinwiddle, January, 1847; Edward Raymond, 1852. Nam.es of ministers who have supplied the

congregation are the following : commenced his

labors in 1847, and served two years ; J. J. Scott, 1852, one year ; Isaac W. Monfort, 1854, three years, one-fourtli of the time ; 1857, A. McFarland, one-half of the time ; H. M. Shock- ley, pastor, 1859 to 1861. Rev. Mr. Patton, late minister. The present one not ascertained.

The Congregation of the Christian Church in Cambridge City was organized E'ovember 12, 1839, (?) byvProf. Samuel K. Hoshour. Joel Collins and Mr. Hoshour were chosen elders ; John Crum^ and Ebenezer Finney, deacons. The number of members was about thirty, among whom were the following : Corbin Jackson, Samuel K. Hoshour, Moses Powell, Benj. Berry, Evan Young, Levi Lakey, David Crull, and Joel Collins, with their wives, John Crum^, and Ebenezer W. Finney. Also, Jacob H. Jessup and Joel Pennington and their wives, were early members. June 9, 1858, Ebenezer W. Finney, Thomas Newby, and David Crull were chosen trus- tees of the society. Their first preacher was Rev. Samuel K. Hoshour, who served the church for many years. John Kin- ney came in 1864. Preachers since, D. R. Van Buskirk, John Marshall, Frank W. Parker, Wm. Griggsby, and Thomp- son, the present pastor. Meetings were held several j^ears in the Seminary building, Avhich was afterward destroyed by fire. The society has since built a house of worship.

A Baptist Church was formed about the year 1835, of whose history little has been learned. It, however, maintained a rather feeble existence until 1859, when it was superseded by a new organization, as stated below :

JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 255

At an adjourned meeting lield in tlie Metliodist meeting- house in Cambridge, February 2, 1859, a new Baptist organi- zation was completed. Ministers present on the occasion, M. G. Clark, of Indianapolis, M. Hazen, of Posey, and J. B. Simmons. Among the members at the time of the organi- zation were Samuel Hervey, Ilarvey Clark, Wilson Jackson, Avery Gates, John Marson, John Christian, Edward "Webb, and their wives, Mary Hervey, Sarah Scott, Sarah Heritage, Minerva Williams. Avery Gates and John Marson were chosen deacons; Edward Webb, clerk; Wilson Jackson, treasurer. The first pastor commenced his labors in Decem- ber, 1859 ; Caleb Blood, December, 1860 ; and after an occa- sional supply of the pulpit by Samuel Hervey, A. S. Ames came in May, 1866, and served two years; J. B. Sharp, June, 1868; Henr}' B. Rupe, 1869, one year; Joseph H. Sedgwick, March, 1870, was called and declined.

The Methodist Episcopal Church in Cambridge is supposed to have been organized soon after the town west of the river was laid out, or about the year 1837. But as no records of a date anterior to 1847, or about that year, have been found, its early history can not be given trom a church record. Xor, after much inquiry, has an early settler been found, who could give any reliable information respecting the formation of the society.

Lodges. — Cambridge City Lodge, No. 5, Free and Accepted Masons, was chartered May 28, 1844. Charter members: A. Goodenough, W. M. ; J. Fisher, S. W. ; Thomas Hutton, Sen. Ofhcers elect the present year : IST. R. Bennett, W. Isi. ; Kos Whelan, S. AY.; F. Swiggett, J. W. dumber of mem- bers, about 150.

A new Lodge, the Thomas Newby Lodge, No. 434, com- menced work under a new charter, dated May 25, 1871. Officers : Levin Swiggett, W. M. ; D. ]^. Berg, S. W. ; I. N. Drury, J. W.

Royal Arch Chapter, No. 9, 1848, James Whitcomb, G. H. V. Officers: S. Reed, H. P.; J. W. Maxwell, K. ; T. Owen; E. S. Hoser, C. H. ; W. ^Y. Tyler, P. S. ; E. Barrow, R. A. C. ; S. McCain, M. 3d V. ; J. W. Wolf, M. 2d V. ; E. S. Wig- gins, M. 1st V. ; C. H. Raymond, Secretary.

256 HISTORY OP WAYNE COUNTY.

The above charter was surrendered December 29, 1852 ; and the Chapter rechartered IS'ovember 20, 1855, on petition signed by the following named Royal Arch Masons: H. B. Sinks, J. Pennington, J. Marsh, E. South wick, E. B. New- man, W. B. Enyeart, M. D. Leeson, John Callaway, A. B. Claypool, I. N". Beard, C. H. Raymond, Williams Petty. Officers for the year 1871 : W. B. Enyeart, M. E. H. Priest ; James McCaffrey, King; Nathan Jones, Scribe; D. A. Berg, P. S. ; M. H. Franklin, R. A. C. ; M. C. Roberts, M. 3d V. ; G. W. Shults, Jun., M. 2d Y. ; C. McCoy, M. 1st V. ; Kos Whelan, Secretary.

ConnersviUe Commandery of Knights Templars, No. 6, was chartered December 27, 1855. Charter members: Wm. Peelan, Eminent Commander; Martin Fryberger, Generalissimo; Joshua Leach, Captain General. The Commandery was removed to Cambridge City, April, 1868, and the name changed to

Cambridge Coynmandery , at a meeting of the Grand Com- mandery, in April, 1868. Officers for 1871 : Levin Swiggett, Eminent Commander ; R. A. Patterson, Generalissimo ; O. H. P. Little, Captain General.

Cambridge Council of F. and A. Masons. — Officers: N. R. Bennett, Thrice 111. Gr. Master ; Frank Swiggett, Dep. Thrice 111. Gr, Master ; Silas Cantield, Prin. Conductor of the Work.

Wayne Lodge, No. 17, 1. 0. 0. F., instituted at Cambridge City, Oct. 14, 1844. Charter members — Aaron Reisor, Casper Markle, J. M. Hiatt, David G. Kern, Charles J. Graham, J. Price, E. P. Justice, Robert Gordon, Chris. Taylor, Jun., 0. T. Crider. First officers — Aaron Reisor, N. G. ; E. P. Justice, V. G. ; Casper Markle, Treas. ; J. M. Hiatt, Sec'y- Present offi- cers— Robert L. Ramsey, IST. G. ; Frank G. Epply, V. G. ; Israel Morrey, Treas.; E. L. Spencer, Sec'y.

Hormah Encampment, No. 11, instituted at Cambridge City, July 14, 1848. Charter members — P. G. K. Richards, Casper Markle, James Hughes, John F. Youse, Francis Hills, George M. Dipboye, James Y. Wayraan. First officers — P. G. K. Richards, C. P. ; John F. Youse, H. P. ; Casper Markle, S. W. ; Francis Wills, Scribe; G. M. Dipboye, Treas.; James Hughes, J. W. Present officers — E. L. Spencer, C. P. ; James

JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 257

Griffith, H. P. ; John Adams, S. ^Y. ; Nathaniel Gary, Treas. ; Richard A. Taylor, Scribe; W. E. Carnahan, J. AY.

Cambridge Lodge, No. 9, Knights of Pythias. Instituted at Cambridge City, August 17, 1870. Charter members — O. II. P. Little, N. R. Bennett, Max Pracht, D. A. Smalley, Robert L. Ramsey, E. L. Spencer, R. A. Taylor, S. B. Elliott, Lee Pittrnan, ^Y. B. Mclvenna, W. B. Enyeart, R. L. Kevil, J. F. Huber, Jesse Pofi", Frank Mosbaugh, Gusta Britton, J. Bobb, Henry C. Meredith, Casper Little, Geo. O. Doll, Alfred Cox, George L. Weast, Frank G. Epply, R. C. Wilson, James Bow- stead, AY. B. Williams, J. M. Wisengarber, W. E. Carnahan, M. B., Mike Rink, Frank Stobaugh, J. V. Richardson, Louis Wingate. First officers— 0. H. P. Little, V. P. ; N. R. Bennett, W. C.; Max Pracht, V. C; D. A. Smalley, R. & C. 8.; Robert L. Ramsey, F. S. ; E. L. Spencer, B.; R. A. Taylor, G. ; S. B. Elliott, J. S. ; Lee Pittrnan, 0. S. and Host. Finance committee — J. Y. Richardson, R. A. Taylor, F. G. Epply. Trustees— ^i. \ . Richardson, F. G. Epply, H. C. Meredith. Present officers — Frank G. Epply,' W. C; John M. Ray, Y. C. ; R. A. Taylor, Y. P.; James W. Richardson, R. & C. S. ; E. C. Collins, F. S. ; Israel Morrey, B. ; Frank Stobaugh, G. ; R. L. Kevil, J. S. ; Lee Pittrnan, 0. S. and Host. Trustees— 0. H. P. Little, R. L. Kevil, Israel Morrey.

Neiosjja^^ers.

[The following historical sketch of the newspapers of Cam- bridge City was prepared too late for insertion in the history of the newspaper press of the county in preceding pages.]

In the summer of 1845, James H. Hunt, who had published a paper at Greenfield, Hancock Co., Ind., removed his office to Cambridge and started the Cambridge City BereiUc, which he continued until 1850; after which, it was published about a year by Robert O. Dormer. After a short suspension, it was revived by Mr. Hunt and his brother Jonathan II. Hunt, and after a few months removed to Portland, Jay Co. The editor [Hunt] having, on his death bed, directed it to be removed to a warehouse, the person employed dumped the types promis- cuously into a dry goods box. The Reveille was Whig in politics.

In 1850, Wm. and Charles Daily removed the Chronicle 19

258 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

press and types from Connersville to Cambridge City, and pub- lished the Cambridge City News, a Democratic paper, during the years 1850 and 1851. During the two succeeding years, it was published by Lafayette Develin; in which time the earlier poems of Louisa Chitwood, then, and until her death, a poet of rare promise, made their lirst appearance in its columns.

In 1852, Whelan & Pritchard, having purchased the office of the Western Reformer at Milton, removed it to Cambridge, and used it for some time as a job office. Wheeler & Ryder then started the Cambridge City Item, edited by Samuel K. Hoshour, whose name appeared at the head of the paper as "Conductor," along with that of Kos Whelan as "Engineer," and that of N. W. Carey as "Pugilist."

After a few months, by arrangement with Develin, the two papers were united, under the name of Cambridge City News and City Item, neutral in politics. After it had been published nearly a year, Whelan, Buckingham, and "Waltz, in 1855, pub- lished the Daily Item, a small sheet, foolscap size, devoted to news, fun, and gossip, which survived only a few months. The office was then sold to R. J. Strickland, who removed it to Centerville. A part of the material is said to be still used in the office of the Radical in Richmond.

In the autumn of 1856, George B. Seig established the Cam- bridge City Bulletin, a weekly Republican paper, and published it for two years. It was then published for one year by Kos- ciusko Whelan. In 1860, the establishment was purchased by Whelan, Kellar, and Leib, who started a new Republican paper, named " The Flag of the Free." On the breaking out of the war, nearly all the employes went into the army, and the paper stopped. The office was sold, and, after passing through several hands, the press and types were taken to Little Rock, Arkansas.

In 1864, R. J. Strickland removed the establishment of the Wayne County Chronicle to Cambridge City, and issued the Cambridge City Journal, a Republican paper, for a year or longer. The office was then sold to John C. Lutz and Lafay- ette Develin j who issued, Jan. 8, 1866, the lirst number of a Democratic paper, named Western Mirror. This had a larger

JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 259

circulation than any paper previously published here. Mr. Lutz died March 15, 1868, and the paper was conducted by Mr. Develin until May 13, 1869, when the office was purchased by Henry C. Meredith, who that day commenced the Combriclge City Tribune, a Republican paper, which is still published there. From June to August, 1870, W. D. Haley was associated with Mr. Meredith; and since Dec. 22, 1870, ^Y. P. Harding has been associate editor and proprietor. The paper has a large circulation.

Soon after the sale of the Mirror to Meredith, L. L. Dale, of Newcastle, removed his paper, the Democratic Times, to Cam- bridge City, where it was issued some eight or nine months, when he returned to is'ewcastle.

After Mr. Dale's departure, T. G. McCaulay, of West Salem, Ohio, published the Cambridge City Chieftain, a Democratic paper, which, however, after a few weeks, was discontinued.

In the south-west ixirt of Jackson township were the fol- lowing named earlj- settlers — though not all of them the first — on the lands on wliich they respectively settled: Aaron Morris, in 1822, settled \^ miles south-east of Dublin, on land now owned by Eli Henby. John Morris, his son, on land adjoining, west, now owned by his sons Eli and Thomas B. Morris. In 1829, Samuel Morris, also a son of Aaron, north- west of his father's, where he still resides. Gideon Myers, where Michael Myers lives. Levi Hopper, perhaps the first, on land now owned by Joseph Gray, Jun. AVm. Kersey, on land lately owned by J. W. Wilson, now by Michael flyers, ^ mile west of where the latter resides. Francis Hestor, where Wm. Adair lives. John Cook, afterward Richard Gordon, where Robert Parker lives. Joseph IS'ewton, on the present farm of Joseph M. Cox. Daniel Mills, later John Hiatt, on the farm now and for many years owned by Joseph Cox, at the extraordinary age of 93. Benj. Reynolds, south- west corner of the township; land now owned by Josiah T. White, lately by Thomas Gronendyke, now by Nathan Mor- ris. Wm. Butler, from Va., settled south-west of Dublin, on land now owned by Joseph Thoms, who resides Avest of the county line. James Griflin, where Robert S. Pre flow lives, near town. Benj. Griflin, where Samuel Sivey lives ;, la^nd

260 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

adjoining town. Joseph Newby, from E". C, where Jacob Vore resides, west side of the town. Josiah Bell, from N. C, came with his father, John Bell, who settled a mile south from Cambridge. Josiah afterward settled near Dublin, where he still resides. Thomas and Alexander McGreer were the first owners of the land where Dublin stands; Thomas, of the north part, and Alexander of the south part, including the farm lately owned by Bennet Cox, now by Daniel Stanton. Hugh McGreer, a brother of Thomas and Alexander, bought north of and adjoining the town. Paul Custar settled early near the east end of Dublin, and kept a tavern about the j^ear 1823, in a hewed log house, sign of the " Black Horse."

In the west part of the township, north of the old State road, most of the early settlers were the following : John Hough, where John Bond lives. Hugh Allen where Charles Hood now owns. John Elliott, from IS". C, on the lands now owned by Henry Binkley, and others. Isaac Miller, on land now owned by Moses Myers. Jehu Burkett, where now Charles T. Gough lives. Jacob Elliott, from N. C, where Exum Elliott and Harrison Cook live. Benj. Beecham, from 'N. C, on land now owned by Thomas Hammond. David Sh idler, where he still resides. !N^athan Jessup, on land now owned by Harrison Cook.

David Caylor was probably the first settler where Kudolf Ellenberger lives, on the township north line. John Dill on laud now owned by J. S. Dill's heirs. John M. Lawson, part of section 16, probably bought of the township. David Burkett, from N". C, where he still resides, at the age of 88 years. Thomas Bennett, probably the first, where he now lives. Amos Humberd, from N. C, on land of which Wm. Mason owns a part ; also, John Bitter and Solomon Bow- man, heirs of Humberd. Henry Bitter, on land now owned by Jacob Bitter. David Johnsonbaugh was an early settler where Isaiah Howard owns. Jacob Moore, where l!^athan Stonecipher afterward owned. Stonecipher settled where John Bitter lives. Adam Shaffer has lived for 30 years where he now is. David Berg, from Pa. in 1829, settled where Israel Hardman lives. Samuel Heiny, from Pa., set-

JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 261

tied on section 9; land now owned by Abraham ITeiny; also owned where Abraham Heiny lives.

Along the valley of the river, and east of it, north of Cam- bridge, were the following: Benj. Bowman, where David

Keller lives. Jacob , on land now owned by T. Ivep-

linger. Gabriel Newby, lands now owned by George Rare- sheid and one or two others. John Xewby, from IT. C, where his widow lives. Caleb Morris, on the land now owned in part by Caleb J. Morris, and a part lately owned by Henry E. Peelle. Abraham Miller, where A. D. Bond's heirs live. Jonathan Morris, on land now owned by his son Elias Morris, who resides in Cambridge. Samnel Hepley, where Abraliam Copeland owns. Manasseh Myers, west side of the river, on land taken up by Amos Humberd, now owned by George White. Martin Myers, east side, settled early where he now lives. Moses Myers settled where Adam Bertsh owns. Jacob Heiny, where he now lives. Iliel Erwin, a part of section 2, on which Heil and L. Erwin live.

Along the N^ational and old State roads, Avere the follow- ing: Hugh Allen settled early on township west line, on land lately owned by L. L. Lawrence, now b}^ Charles Hood. John Hongh, where John Bond lives. Samuel Cripe, on the quarter now owned by John and Lindlc}- Miles and AYm. Shatter. John and Wm. Addison, on land now owned chiefly by Charles T. Hough and Jacob White. John Burkett, of Ohio, south of the State road, where Rudolf Burkett lives. David Cochran (perhaps not first) where John Huddleston resides.

The first School in the west part of the township is said to have been kept in a log house, half a mile from Dublin, on the State road.

John Stump (1815) was one of the earVie^t Blacks)!) if hs in the township.

The Relirjioas Societies outside of the towns are the fol- lowing :

A church, knoAvn as the Albright Church, somewhat simi- lar in faith and polity to the United Brethren and the .Meth- odists, was formed in or about the year 1832, 2 miles north of Dublin. Daniel Hart, John M. Lawson, John Dill, Jacob

262 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

and Samuel Dickover, John Richwine, James Iliff, and tlieir wives, were early members. Tlieir first preaclier was Burnett Fryar, who formed the class.

The Friends [Orthodox] formed the Bethel Ifeeting, about the year 1823, a mile south of Dublin. Another Bethel Meeting was formed by the other branch ot the Friends [Hicksites], whose meeting-house is near and on the south side of the town.

A United Brethren Church has just been organized, and built a house about 3 miles north of Cambridge City.

Toivn of Dublin.

The town of Dublin was laid out by Harmon Davis. The original plat, made out ami signed by him as proprietor, was recorded Jan. 29, 1830. Additions have since been made as follows: First, by Robert Murphy and Eli Brown, trustees for Dempsey Boswell & Sons ; in 1846, by Albertsoii Chap- pell, Abraham Symonds, Jacob Custer, Beiij. Griffin, John Whippo, J. P. Creager, Caleb W. Witt, Win. McKimmey ; in 1837, by C. AV. Wht; in 1838, by Samuel Schoolfield; in 1868 by Samuel Pierce and Mark H. Perkins. When the town was first laid out, there was not a building on the ground. The first house was a log house built by Isaac King, on what is known as Cook's corner.

Of the early Merchants, the first three came the same year [1831]. The first, it is believed, was Samuel Nixon, who had bought the goods of Dempsey Boswell, who, as has been stated, had a store near town on the State road. The next was Thomas Owens, from Richmond, who had been in trade there, and who bought the little store building of Boswell, and moved it into town, on the lot now occupied by J. Brad- way as a stove store. He was compelled, from ill health, to quit in a few months ; returned to Richmond, and died soon after. In December, Jacob Vore commenced his long mer- cantile career in Dublin. Nixon soon sold out to Boswell & Sons, who traded but a short time. Among the later mer- chants were James Yanuxem & Son, Benj. and Josiali Rey- nolds, E. H. Vanuxem, J. & B. Kirk, John Lebrick. Present merchants : Dry Goods — Dillon & Hill, Jesse Hiatt & Son,

JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 263

Thomas J. Layman, Joliii G. Carmony, Jacob V. Ilotfman. Grocers— Jacob & Wm. H. Vorc, W. II. Kenworthy. Hard- ware—J. H. Hull. I)ru[/(jists—Dv. John M. Boll, Ilottendorf & Hale.

Tlie Q.rst Physician in the town was John Beatty, in 1831 or 1832, afterward [1834] Caleb W. Witt, and about the same time, Lazarus E. Jones, and later, James Elder, Dr. Farns- wortli, John M. Bell, John W. Smith, and others. Present physicians: John M. Bell, Samuel S. Boyd, Aurelius P. Taylor, Livingston B. Taylor, John W. Smith, and, it is be- lieved, another, whose name is not furnished.

The first Taxern in Dublin was kept by Samuel Schoolfield, from Va., his sign bearing the motto : " Our country, right or wrong."

A School — perhaps not the first in town — was early taught by Mary Schoolfield, now Mrs. Dr. John M. Bell.

A Female Seminary was established in 1835, by Caleb AV. Witt, John Whippo, and Jonathan P. Creager ; and Sarah Dickinson was employed as principal teacher for several years.

The Dublin Academy was established in 1837, by a joint stock companj". The building was afterward occupied as a public school-house. In 1867 it was taken down, and the present house built, which was dedicated January 1, 1868. Its cost was about §15,000. Scholars enrolled, about 450.

Among the eavly Mechanics of Dublin were, John Crill, the first blacksmith, in 1831. Early carpenters, Pobert Way, Charles Morgan, Albertson Chappel, Axum Elliott. Ansclni Butler came in 1834, a wagon-maker ; is now a pump-maker. The present carriage-maker is Samuel P. Ilerrington. Har- ness-maker, Oliver Gilbert. The first cabinet-makers in Dublin are said to have been Peck & Matthews, as early as 1829, who sold to Eli Pittman. Thomas Allen commenced business in 1832. Jesse Pike, who came that year, worked for him, and afterward started for himself, and still continues the business, l^ike married a daughter of Samuel Sehool- field.

William B. Reed, a blacksmith, came from Ohio to J)ub- lin, in 1838, where he has carried on the business to the

264 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

present time, excepting an absence of four jeavs, at Cam- bridge, and one or two years at Centerville. He is a justice of tbe peace. Two sons, Joseph S. and Alonzo AY., served in the late war.

The first Tannery in Dublin was established by Reese Ridgeway in 1832, who sold to Benj. Griflin in 1833, and he to Axum S. Elliott. The present tannery was established by Benj. Kirk, about the year 1844, and is now owned by Ham- mond, Brown & Co.

Samuel Nixon built a Carding-macldne near the present residence of Caleb W. Witt, but it was not long continued.

A steam Flouring-mill was built in 1866, by Jacob Vore, Jesse Hiatt, and Paul Barnard. January 1, 1867, Hiatt sold out to Wm. B. Mitchell; April 1, 1867, Vore sold to his son, Wm. H. ; July 14, Barnard to Wm. H. Vore and Mitchell.

In February, 1870, they sold to Cox, who failed to make

payment, and the mill again [November, 1870,] came into the hands of its present proprietors, Jacob and Wm. H. Vore.

The principal Mamifaduring Establishment in Dublin is the Wayne Agricultural Works, which may be said to have orig- inated in 1837, in a foundry established by John Whippo and Caleb W. and James Witt, near the site of the present tan- nery of Hammond, Brown & Co. In 1839 Caswell and Pleasant Witt bought out AYhippo ; and in 1840 the four Witt Brothers built the present foundry and machine shop on the National road [Cumberland street.] In 1845 they sold to James W. and Lovell L. Lawrence, who, a few years after, sold to Caleb W. Witt, Norton Davis, and Wm. Hollings- worth. After two or three years, the concern passed to Samuel Binkley, L. L. Lawrence, and N. Davis. Binkley sold his interest to AVilson Jones. Since then the firm of Davis, Lawrence & Co. has remained to the present time un- changed. They manufacture reapers and mowers, w^heat drills, scales, hay rakes, etc. On the 1st of January, 1871, the concern was changed to a stock comimny. Its oflicers are, Norton Davis, president; L. L. Lawrence, vice-president; Wilson Jones, actuary; A. L. Davis, secretary; E. Lawrence, treasurer. The number of hands employed is from 60 to 75. Amount of sales, about $150,000 annually.

JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 265

Tlie first Justice of the Peace was Nathaniel Malin; 2d, Levi Eastridge ; 3d, Jacob Chappell, a slioemaker. Wm. B. Reed, a blacksmith, is the present justice.

The cause of Tem'pera'nce here found an early and power- ful support. Its friends, by united and persevering ettbrt, succeeded in putting an end to the liquor traffic. Drunkards are not made in Dublin. There is not a drinking saloon in it. To this, mainly, is to be attributed the general morality of its inhabitants.

Tiie population of Dublin, according to the census of 1870, was then 1,076.

Religious Societies. — The Methodist Episcojxd Church in Dublin was formed in 1834. Among the first members were Alfred Pierce and his wife, Mary Grove, Margaret Faulkner, Abigail Misner, James Bradshaw. Their first preacher is said to have been Robert Burns, followed by Kimball, Free- man Farnsworth, and others. Their meetings were first held at the house of Wm. Faulkner, a local preacher. They built a frame meeting-house in 1837 or '38; their present brick house, on Dublin street, in 1853-54.

The United Brethren formed a church in 1837. Among the members of the class were Caleb W., Caswell, James, and Wm. Witt, John Whittington, and the wives of some or all of thetu. Their meetings were held for several years in a room fitted up in the Dublin Foundry. They built a brick house in 1846, which was destroyed by fire in 1856 ; and in 1857, their present house was built.

Tiie Christian Church of Dublin was organized January 11, 1866. Amos Tredway, Jacob Knipe, Lewis C. Wilson, Enoch Nation, and their wives, Landell Bowen, Susan Boyd, Ruth Boyd, Sarah Scott, were among the first members. Their first preacher was Daniel R. Vanbuskirk ; 2d, John B. Marshall; 3d, F. W. Parker; 4th, Wm. Grigsby, the present incumbent. Meetings were first held in other churches and the town hall. In 1869 they built their neat frame house on Dublin street. Their first elders were Enoch Nation, Lewis C. Wilson, Daniel R. Vanbuskirk.

The TJniversalist Church was organized in 1842 ; and reor- ganized in 1863. Members at the first organization were,

266 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

John Whippo, Paul Custer, Jacob Custer, Gideon Myers, Edmund Lawrence, and others. Their meetings were first held in the Academy building. Their first preacher was John C. McCune, who ofiiciated at the organization. His successors have been Wm. W. Curry, Benj. Foster, their present preacher. Their house, which is on Milton street, was built about 1848.

The Friends [Orthodox] lately formed a new meeting, called Dublin Meeting, and meet for worship in the public hall.

JBiographical and Genecdogical.

Samuel Scott Boyd, son of John Boyd, was born March 31, 1820, in Jackson, now Harrison township. Laboring on the farm nine months of each year until he was twenty-two years of age, his education was limited to the branches usually taught in those times during three winter months. At the age of nineteen, he was promoted to teacher in the school-house in which he had finished his education, under the instruction of George W. Julian, of Centerville. In 1843, he and a brother- in-law bought and rebuilt the McLucas mills on Green's Fork, two miles east of Jacksonburgh. He was married October 14, 1844, to Monimia, daughter of Dr. William Bunnell, of the town of Washington. His health failing, he commenced, in 1846, the study of medicine with his father-in-law. In March, 1849, he graduated in the Ohio Medical College, and in April located in Jacksonburgh, where he continued practice until the death of his wife, an excellent woman, and the mother of four children, of which three are living. Immediately after this event, which occurred January 7, 1862, he removed to Centerville. In September following, he was commissioned surgeon of the 84th Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and remained in the army until the close of the war, sharing the many trials and triumphs of that regiment. In 1865, the doctor located in Dublin, where he is still engaged in the practice of his pro- fession. On the 5th of September of that year, he was mar- ried to Louisa E. Vickroy, of Pennsylvania. He has been a contributor to various papers and periodicals from early man- hood, and has taken an active part in promoting the causes of

JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 267

temperance and antislavery, and in eftbrts for the moral, social, and intelloctnal improvement of the community.

William Hawkins, son of John Hawkins, a native of South Carolina, was one of the earliest settlers at Cambridge City, and original owner of most of the land on which the town has been built. It had been entered in 1813, by his father, who did not live to occupy it. ISTor did William, his son, to whom the land descended, make any material improvement on it until peace had, been made with the Indians, in 1814. In 1817, he married Isabel Powell, by whom he had ten children: 1. Jane, who married Allen Williams, and died here. He re- sides at Xenia, 0. 2. John S. N., a physician at Cheyenne, Wyoming Territory. 3. 3Iar}/, wife of Pyrrhus Woodward, of N"ewcastle. 4. Simon P., who died at 7. 5. Nathan S., who married Huldah C. Marsh, of Vt., and resides near Cam- bridge. 6. Tamar J.., wife of David Binford ; they live at Thornton. 7. William, who married Amelia Marshall, and lives at Leavenworth, Kansas. 8, 9. Amos, who died at 11 ; and Isabel, in infancy. 10. Lemuel, who married Caroline Brown.

Samuel K. Hoshour was born in York Co., Pa., Dec. 9, 1803. His early education was in German. At the age of 16, he was employed by a miller as a book-keeper, and during the ensuing winter taught a school. He soon after entered for the first time an English school, and the next winter taught a second term. He then entered an English classical school, though his highest aspiration was to become a German preacher in the Lutheran Church. He, however, pursued his studies through a collegiate course. He studied theology at the Theological Institute at New Market, Va., under Prof. Schmucker. The latter having been called to the Theological Seminary at Get- tysburg, Pa., and Mr. Hoshour being able to preach in both English and German, he wks chosen as the successor to Mr. Schmucker. He was married the same j'ear [1826] to Lucinda Savage, of New Market, Va. He afterward accepted calls suc- cessively from congregations in Washington Co., Md., in 1828, and Ilagerstown, in 1831. A few years after he embraced the theological views of Alexander Campbell." In 1835, being con- sidered by the Lutheran Synod as having " separated himself

268 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

from the Lutheran Church, and no longer a member," that body expunged his name from the list of its ministers. He immediately set out for the West, intending to settle on a small farm, and in the same month, Oct., 1835, arrived at Cen- terville. After a short trial at farm labor, he found that his literary pursuits and his sedentary habits had greatly disqual- ified him for farming, and he engaged as teacher of a district school near Centerville. His success soon procured for him the principalship of the Wayne County Seminary in that town. In 1836, he was appointed by the legislature of In- diana a member of the board of trustees of the State Univer- sity at Bloomington, which office he held three years. In 1839, he removed to Cambridge City, where he was for seven years the principal of a seminary. Declining health com- pelled him to quit the school-rooms, and for several years he taught the German language in various institutions and large towns of the state. In 1852, he purchased a small farm near Cambridge City, with a view to a settlement on it for life. Having been persuaded to invest largely in the Richmond and Indianapolis Railroad, he became deeply involved, and lost his rural home. In June, 1858, he was elected president of the North-western University at Indianapolis. At the expiration of three years he became, from choice. Professor of Modern Lan- guages, which office he still holds. In addition to his literary labors, he has diligently and almost gratuitously performed the duties of a minister on the Sabbath.

Dr. l^ATHAN Johnson was born in Loudon Co., Ya., Dec. 14, 1794, and removed with his father, in 1805, to Belmont Co., O. ; thence, in 1839, to Cambridge City. In early life he taught school; studied medicine; and was liceuFed by the Board of Censors of the 17th Medical District, at >Canton, 0., in 1827 ; attended lectures in Pennsylvania University, at Philadelphia, in 1834-35. In February, 1839, he removed with his family to Cambridge City, where he has practiced medicine until within the last two or three years, and where he still resides. He was a member of the first antislavery societies formed by the late Benjamin Lundy, and an earnest advocate of abolition during the whole period of the antislavery contest; and has lived to witness the accomphshment of a long-cher-

JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 269

ished object. He was married in Belmont Co., O., to Sarah Iloge, Sept. 23, 1819. Their children were: 1. Nunrod 11. [Sk.] 2. liiith H., who married Alfred B. Williams, and re- sides in Cincinnati. 3. Lemuel, I{., who graduated at Starling Medical College, Columbus, O., in 1850 ; practiced, succes- sively, at Cincinnati, O., in West Virginia, and from 1855 to the present time in Cambridge City. He was in March, 1869, appointed postmaster, which ofhce he now holds. 4. Elizabeth H., who married Paul H. Berkau, a native of Poland, now in the Pension Office at W^ashington.

NiMROD H. Johnson, son of i)r. iSTathan Johnson, was born at Plainfield, Belmont Co., Ohio, September 16, 1820, and re- moved with his father's family to Cambridge City in February, 1839. He was admitted to the practice of law. May 11, 1843; commissioned as prosecuting attorney of Wayne county, Aug. 27, 1848; elected judge of Wayne comtnon pleas court, Octo- ber, 1852; and commissioned as judge of the 21st judicial cir- cuit [Wayne criminal court], Oct. 23, 1867. He was married, Feb. 22, 1844, to Clarissa M. Ireland, of New Paris, Ohio, and had by her a daughter, Clarissa L. He was married to a second wife, Catharine C. Underwood, of Washington City, D. C, May 8, 1850, by whom he had two children, Henry N", and Robert U. Johnson. His children are all living. His useful life was suddenly terminated April 28, 1869, by taking, through mistake, tincture of aconite, instead of the tincture of gentian. He survived the taking of the fatal dose only about an hour. A correspondent of the Indianapolis Journal, communicating the sad intelligence, wrote : " The judge for many years lived here, and at one time practiced law here. He had attained the first order in his profession, and was recognized as one of the ablest and most brilliant lawyers in Eastern Indiana. His literary acquirements were surpassed by those of but few men. His reading extended through the whole domain of English literature, and could quote more extensively from his readings than any other man I ever met. As an advocate, ho stood very high; before a jury, few men surpassed him." He had been for two years, and was at the time of his death, judge of the Wayne criminal circuit court. It may be added, that, though not a member of anv church, he was the teacher of a

270 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

class of colored children in a sabbath-school in Centerville, and a trustee of the society of the church of which his wife was a member.

Solomon Meredith was born in Guilford Co., N. C, May 29, 1810. He came to this county in 1829, and for several years lived in and near Richmond and SaUsbury, and worked at farming by the month. In 1834, he was elected sherifl" of Wayne county, and re-elected in 1836. In 1838, he commenced the mercantile business in Milton, and continued it in Cam- bridge from 1839 to 1843. In 1840, he was a delegate to the Whig national nominating convention, and again in 1848, and to the Republican convention of 1856. He has been a trustee of Cambridge Seminary ; president of the board of trustees of Cambridge City; and a member of the board of directors of the Whitewater Canal. In 1846-7-8, he was elected to the legislature. In April, 1849, he was appointed by President Taylor, United States Marshal for the District of Indiana, and removed by President Pierce in April, 1853. In 1854, he was again elected to the legislature, and was chairman of the com- mittee of ways and means. He was, in connection with John S. I»[ewman, a financial agent for the completion of the Indiana Central Railroad, and was subsequently president of the Cin- cinnati and Chicago Railroad Company. In 1859, he was elected clerk of the courts of the county. In 1861, he entered the military service as Colonel of the 19th Regiment of Indiana Volunteer Infantry, and served to the close of the war. He was appointed Brigadier-General in 1862, and in 1864 brevetted Major-General. In 1866, he was appointed assessor of internal revenue for this congressional district; and, in 1867, surveyor- general of Montana territory, which office he held until July, 1869.

Solomon Meredith was married March 17, 1835, to Anna Hannah, who was born in Brownsville, Pa., April 12, 1812. They had four children, three sons and a daughter, Mary, who died in infancy. 1. Samuel H., entered the army in 1861 as a private, and was promoted to 1st Lieutenant in 19th regiment; was also aid-de-camp on the staff of his father. He was severely wounded in the battle of Gainesville in 1862, and at Gettysburg, in 1863. He never recovered fully from the effects

SOLOMON WIEKf on H, bVT. N™ \j G R G i MEH M. U.5 .V.

Eji^j^uaa eiquassly for BiciailiJeTs Bis'ury

V.."' inS mxhtr

JACKSON TOWNSHIP. 271

of the first wound. He was furloughed home in January, 18G4, and died on the 22d, at his father's house in Cambridge City, aged 25. 2. David 31., Lieutenant in the 15th U. S. Inf., reg- ular army, in which he served in the war; was wounded at the battle of Chickamauga; and was promoted to captain and to major in the 15th Infantry. lie died at Mobile, April 4, 1867. 3. Henry C, who is a graduate of the state University; enhsted as a minuteman in 1863; was married to Virginia Claypool, of Connersville, and is editor of the Cambridge City Tribune.

Noah W. Miner, a native of jSTorth Ca-rolina, came to what is now Union Co., when young, in 1807. In 1834, he removed to Henry Co., and, in 1840, settled in Dublin. He is by pro- fession a lawyer, and was admitted to practice in 1852. He was the second postmaster in Dublin, being the successor of Samuel Schooltield, and appointed in 1846. He had four sons, three of whom served in the late war. 1. Milton L., who was mar- ried to Margaret Hood. (?) He was Captain of the 17th Indi- ana Battery, and died of sickness in the army. 2. Oliver H., who married Mary Morris, and is not living. 8. WiUiam H., who married Fanny Chambers, of Harpers Ferry, while in the war. 4. John B., married, and resides in Kewanee ; was also in the war.

Aaron Morris settled, in the spring of 1815, 1^ miles south- west from Jacksonburg, on Martindale's creek ; and in Decem- ber, 1816, moved to a cabin where now Milton is, and cleared twenty acres of Jonathan Justice's land, which was first owned by Jacob Williams. In the fall of 1822, he bought a quarter section on the line of the Twelve xMile Purchase, 1 mile south- west from Cambridge, the principal part of the farm on the new Purchase, where he resided until the death of his wife in 1839. It passed to Josiah Bell and Eli Henby, and is occupied by the latter. Aaron Morris died many years ago. His chil- dren were: 1. John, who married Sarah, daughter of John Bell. Himself, his wife, and two daughters, died within the space of one month, in October and iS'ovember, 1854. 2. Sam- uel, who married Sarali, daughter of Abraham Symons in 1827, and settled where he now resides, 1 mile south-west from Cambridge. His children were, Cyrus, who died at 14; Jasou,

272 HISTORY or wayne county.

who married liuth Mills, and resides near Greensboro' ; Lydia, who died in infancy; Mary, residing at home; Jason, in Henry Co. ; Charles, who married Mary Jane Diven, of Cambridge City, and resides on the farm with his father. . The wife of Samuel Morris died in the summer of 1871. 3, 4. Thomas and JEli, younger sons of Aaron JNIorris, reside on the farm of their

father. 5. . 6. Elizabeth, who married Matthew

Ferris, who settled 1 mile west from Milton, and died in 1866. Their children are, "William, who is married, and lives at Dory, Wabash Co.; Joseph, who married Deborah Atwell, and lives in Milton ; Edith, who married Jordan, son of Silas Hiatt, and lives in Fayette Co., a few miles west from Milton.

Dr. John W. Smith, son of Benjamin Smith, was born in Wayne township, and removed with his father, in 1824, to Jackson, ^ mile north of Dublin. He commenced practice as a physician, at Dalton, in 1836; practiced at Dublin from 1849 till 1855 ; since in Wabash county, and in Peru, Miami Co. ; and returned in 1868 to Dublin. He was married to Abigail Misner, by whom he had three sons; all of whom. and him- self served in the late war. Dr. Smith was a surgeon of the 155th liegiment. Amos C, his eldest son, served 4 years and 4 months; James D., to the end of the war; both wounded. Oliver C, the youngest, served 4 months.

JEFFEKSON TOWNSHIP.

This township was formed in March, 1834, from the town- ships of Jackson on the south and Perry on the north. Its northern boundary is 6 miles in length; its width is live miles, with the exception of the two eastern sections taken from the southern tier in the formation of Harrison. It contains an area of 28 square miles. Martindale's creek crosses the township at a distance averaging about three-fourths of a mile from the east line. The West river crosses it about the same distance west of the center, touching the east border of Ha- gerstown, and receives the waters of Nettle creek half a mile below the town. Some of the best lands in the county lie in the valleys of these streams.

JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 273

The years in which most of the oarlv settlers made their settlements, is not remembered by any of the oldest inhabit- ants. As the sales of the lands west of the Twelve Mile Pur- chase did not commence until 1822, it is presumed that most of the early settlements were made in the eastern part of the township, many of them soon after the peace of 1814-15. Some, however, settled on the west side of the line of the Purchase several years before the lands were offered for sale. Samuel Baldridge, from Kentucky, unmarried, settled, in January, 1814, 3 miles east of Hagerstown, and was one of the earliest settlers in Jefferson township. Jonathan Platts, from E". J., settled early IJ miles south-east of town. He was an early justice of the peace, and at several sessions pres- ident of the board of justices, which, from 1824 to 1828, was substituted for the three county commissioners ; and from 1829, for several years a county commissioner. Philip Balti- more settled early 1 mile east of town, where Miles Conway now lives. Isaac Pierce, from Tenn., settled IJ miles north- east from Hagerstown, where now liis son Isaac A. Pierce re- sides.

David and Aaron Miller, brothers, settled 3-J miles south- east of town, on Martindale's creek, and removed with their families about 30 years ago, to St. Joseph Co. Both were German Baptist preachers. Sons of Aaron were David, Benjamin, Solomon, Isaac. David, the elder, had a son Aaron. George Castator was an early settler, now 102 years of age, and lives in town with his son, Elijah Castator, a cab- inet-maker. Benj. Parsons, from N. J., settled about 1817, 2 miles east of town, and died in 1864 where now James Mar- tindale, a Baptist minister, resides. He had twelve chil- dren : Sarah, wife of Frederick Jenks ; Amos, who mar- ried Jane Matchett; Martha, wife of Samuel ITewcomb ; and Harriet, wdfe of John Thornburg, reside in the township. John Miller, and afterward his brothers Jacob and Samuel, settled 2 miles south-east of town. Jacob had served in the war of 1812, and was under Gen. Hull at the surrender at Detroit. Among others who settled south-east of the town, were Daniel Petty, who, about the year 1832, settled on land bought of Aaron Miller, where he and his sou John now re- 20

274 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY,

side. H. Kinsey, C. A. Bradbury, G-. G. Hindman, E. Mar- tindale, J. Martiudale, W. Fox, L. Strickler, M. Conway, and others own lands in the east part of the township, the first settlers on which are not ascertained.

Joseph Bowen, a native of Delaware, from Lebanon, 0., in 1822, settled 1| miles east of town; was a Methodist preacher; died in 1863; land now owned by Rebecca E. Bowen, a grand-daughter. Wm. Brown is said to have set- tled early east of town; part of the land now owned by Abraham Eeplogle.

In the north-east part of the township, David, Andrew, and Michael Eouts settled, and still reside there. The first set- tlers on the lands now or lately owned by M. Veal, J. Morris, M. Smith, A. Bailey, John and Wm. C. Bowen, S. McLucas, A. Strickler, E. Brown, and others, not ascertained.

Hugh Allen settled, in 1820, one mile south-east of town. Joseph Manifold, Jun., his son-in-law, now resides on the farm. Joseph Manifold, Sen., from Tenn., about 1820, set- tled east of and near town ; land now owned, probably, by the present settlers, B. L. & M. E. Manifold, and by Robert and Franklin G. ISTewcomb. Hugh Murphy settled 2 miles north-east from town, where J. Funk resides. Samuel Pol- lard, of Ky., 2| miles from town ; land now owned by E. Petty and Joel Replogle. Isaac McLanahau, near and south- east of town; land now owned by David Lantz.

In the south-west part of the township the following named persons are said to have been early settlers : Adam Stone- braker, 1 mile south of town, where now I. Stonebraker resides. [Sk.] Wm. Murray, who built a carding-machine and a saw-mill, and afterward a woolen factory. A saw-mill is still there ; the property owned by his heirs. "Wm. Felton, a native of Pa., from Ohio, about the year 1821, near town ; built a saw-mill and a corn-cracker. He died there at a great age. His wife also died there. John Mason, from Ky., in 1818, to Washington township, settled 2^ miles south-west from Ilagerstowu, in 1822, where Charles Gwynn now resides. [Sk.] Moses Miller settled near Jackson line; land now owned by Jacob Mason. Abel Johnson and Jacob Dilling ; lands owned by Daniel Dilling, Moses Schmuck, and Jacob

JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 275

Mason. John Lail, where Ilenrj and Frederick Dinino; re- side. Wm. Campbell, from Ky., in 1823, where his son John L. lives. AA'illiam is in Kansas; Robert died in Huntington Co.; James is a baker in town. Isaac Zook, about 1830; land since owned by David Replogle, now by Jacob Hoover. Abraham Zook bought land of Wm. McLucas, now owned by ]\Iartin Fonts.

Wm. Jennings settled 2 miles west of town ; now lives in town ; farm owned by M. Shnltz. Samuel Filer settled IJ miles west from town ; was born in Canada West; married Susanna Snyder; removed to Montgomery Co., Ohio, in 1811 ; thence, in 1823, to where he now resides, at the age of about 81 years. He is a member of the German Baptist Church. Jonas Hoover, born in Penn., in 1788, removed to Ohio in 1809, and al;)Out the year 1823, settled one mile west from Hagerstown, where he still resides. His children were ISIar}", deceased, Joshua, Aaron, Catharine, John, Alexander, Betsey F., Priscilla.

John or Isaac Zook (?) is said to have settled on the land adjoining town, now owned by R. & F. G. ISTewcomb, near where their flouring-mill stands. Thomas Cooper, on land now owned by David Bowman. Samuel Zook, on land after- ward sold to pJacob Dilling, now owned by Henry Dilling and Frederick Dilling's heirs. \Ym. Brown settled early south- west of town(?); land since owned by Jacob Mason, now by Abraham Replogle.

In the norfh-ircsf part of the township were the following: John Small, from JST. C, settled before the land sales, above and near town; sold to Abraham Teeter, and removed to Henry Co., where he and his wife both died. Jonas Harris, also before land sales, settled near and north of town, on land now owned by 11. & F. G. aSTewcomb, and removed to St. Joseph Co., and died there. His son Henry resides in the township. Fnos Boyd settled on a part of the school section. David Hardman, a mile west of town, in 1823 ; sold the land (now owned by Oliver Stout) and bought of Enos Boj'd the farm on which his widow, Susanna Hardman, lives. He was a German Baptist minister, and died in 1863, aged 66. Jacob

276 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

Heaston, iu 1823, settled west of and near town, and removed many years ago to Huntington Co.

AlDraham Teeter, a native of Pa., from Montgomery Co., O., in 1823, settled near town; land now owned by Archi- bald B. Knode. He removed, about 1840, to where he now resides, 2 miles above town, on land bought of John Small, before mentioned. His sons were John, who married and died ; Daniel, who owns the grist-mill with his father ; David, who owns the steam saw-mill ; Jacob and Zachariah, ma- chinists in town. His daughter Sally married John Zook, who owns a grist-mill 1 mile above Teeter's. Zachariah Albaugh, a native of Maryland, from Ohio, in 1826, settled in the north-west part of the township, where he died March 6, 1871, aged 76 years. He had been a German Baptist minis- ter since 1836. He married, in 1826, Christina, a daughter of John Ulrich. Henry CruU, a native of Pa., removed from Ohio, in 1833, to the farm where he now lives, 2 miles north- west from Hagerstown. His sons, living in the township, are William, who is married and lives in town, and has a farm 2 miles west, first settled by Israel Hardman ; George, who is married and lives on the homestead with his father, and David, unmarried. John Street settled 2| miles north-west of town, where R. Halderman now lives. "Wm. McLucas where now E. RafFe resides, 1| miles north from town. Martin Keever, on land now owned by his heirs. Jesse Thoruburg, 2J miles north; land now owned by John H. Thornburg. John Lewis settled 2 miles north ; land now owned by J. Charlton's heirs. Absalom Cornelius, from Va., settled where Clinton Kelly resides. Joseph Stover entered the lands now owned by Samuel G. N"ewcomb and David Brown. Daniel "Wagner, near and north-west of town, sold to Joseph Rep- logle, from Pa., in 1831. Samuel Replogle, about 1828, bought of Atticus Siddall, — — Holly, and others, the land where Samuel JST. Replogle resides.

Absalom Cornelius, mentioned above ; John Ritter, from Ohio, who settled 8 miles east of Hagerstown ; Peter Hard- man, from Ohio, who settled in the township ; and David Wagner, from Ohio, who settled 1 mile north of Hagerstown ;

JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 277

all removed to Sontli Bend; and Cornelius afterward re- moved to Oregon.

William Gebhart a native of Chester Co., Pa., settled, in 1848, in the south part of Jefferson. Andrew Fouts, born in Moutgomer}^ Co., Ohio, in 1831, settled where he now lives, in the east part of the township.

John McCullongh, from Pa. in 1820, settled in the east part of the township, where his widow Elizabeth McCullongh now resides, and where he died in 1840, aged 46 years. Their children are Amanda, Esther, John, Samuel, Elizabeth, Louisa, Nancy, Jane, George AY., Thomas B.

Samuel Gibson came with his father from Teun., at about the year 1814 or 1815, and settled in the east part of JeiFerson, and several years after, removed to Madison Co., where he still lives. His son Samuel resides 3 miles north-east from Ilagers- town.

Eli Pettj^son of Daniel, born in Winchester, came to Jefler- son in 1831, married Elizabeth, a daughter of Je?se Thornbnrg, and resides 2^^ miles north-east from Ilagerstown.

Samuel Replogle, from Penn., settled about the year 1827, on the place now owned and occupied by his son Samuel, one mile north-east from town, and where his widow still resides. Their children were, Catharine, (deceased ;) John David, (dec. ;) Abram, living 2i- miles east from town; Samuel, Philip, Elizabeth.

David Lantz, a native of Pa., from Ohio in 1833, settled where he now resides, 2 miles south-east from town. Ilis children were, Obadiah, Emanuel, David, Madison, Thomas, (dec.,) Phebe, Edward, Josiah, Sarah Ann, Catharine.

Samuel Lantz, also a native of Pa., and from Ohio in 1833, settled where he now" lives, 2 miles soutli-east from town. His children were, Elizabeth, Harry, John, Sarah, Amanda, Leah, (deceased,) and Melinda.

Robert and Franklin G. JSTewcomb, from Montgomery Co., Ohio, removed to Hagerstown in 1842, and about eight years thereafter engaged in the milling business, which they have continued until the present time.

Joseph Replogle, from Pa., in 1827, settled, in 1831, one

278 HISTORY OF WATISTE COUNTY.

mile north from town, and now resides in town. His children living are, Joel, Elizabeth, Sarah, Mahala, Benjamin, Cliristina.

Peter Waltz, a native Pennsjdvauian, settled near German- town in 1823, and after 10 or 12 years, removed to Madison Co., and a few years later, to this township, and died at the residence of his son Solomon, 2|^ miles south-west fromllagers- town, aged 75 years.

David Hardman, a native of Ky., from Ohio in 1823, settled IJ miles west from town, where he died in 1863, at the age of 6Q, and where his widow now lives. He was an elder in the Ger- man Baptist church.

Martin Shultz, from Penn., settled in 1831, near Hagerstown, and now lives about 2 miles west from town.

Daniel Burkett, from Pa., built the first grist-mill one mile below town, on ISTettle creek. Another was built by Wm. Brumback about a mile above town, and has passed through several hands to David and John Uh'ich, its present proprietors. About the year 1847, George Gillespie bought the woolen factory previously owned by Edmund Taylor, and converted it into a flouring-mill. In 1854, it passed into the hands of Eobert and Franklin G. IS'ewcomb, its present owners. Its capacity is about 150 barrels per day. An oil-mill and aclover- huUer, and later a saw-mill, were built by Abraham Teeter, just above town, on West river. (?) In 1838 or 1839, Geo. Gillespie bought the property, continued the saw-mill, and built in the place of the others a grist-mill, which he rebuilt about the year 1858 or 1859. One-half of Gillespie's interest passed to John Springer, who sold the same to ISTehemiah Cheeseman, and the other half to Archibald B. Knode. In 1864, the property was purchased by R. & F. G. ]^ewcomb, who rebuilt the mill in 1867. A saw-mill was built at an early day, by Frederic and Peter "Waltz, near the line of the township. Mark E. Reeves afterward built on this power a grist-mill, now owned by John and Daniel Zook. Samuel Burkett built in 1870, in town, a steam saw-mill, now owned by Stephen Mendenhall. A saw-mill was built 2 miles above town, on or near the site of Teeter's grist-mill, by John Small, before he sold to the Teeters. David Teeter has a steam saw- mill near the same place.

JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 279

The earliest Blacksmith in Ilagerstown, perhaps the first in the towiisliip, was David Stoneacre ; the next, Peter Cahle and John Eiler, and soon after, Charles Retz. There are now Fist & Jewett. David Weaver was probably the first loagon-maker ; now, D. & M. W. Philabom advertise carriages and buggies. Joseph Arment is said to have been the first cabinet-maker. James Walker also was an early one. Elijah Castator and Samuel S. Study now supply the people with furniture. The pioneer saddler and harness-maker, not ascertained ; AY. E. Lloyd and another now carry on this business.

Jacob and Zachariah Teeter have in town a Planing 31ill, and a llachine Shop for repairing engines and other machinery. The establishment is to be enlarged by the addition of an Iro7i JFoandrif, and the increase of its capacity for the manufacture of machinery.

There is also a Barrel Factory, operated by steam power. The name of its proprietor not given.

Tlie first Physicia)is were Thomas J. Buchanan and G. G. Winchell, partners, the latter residing in llagerstown ; Buchanan, a few miles distant, in Henry Co. In 1835, Dr. B. removed to town, in the place of Dr. Winchell, who had left, and in 1840 returned, and practiced here for several years. Dr. Augustus Weaver came about 1837 ; John Clymer, about 1810 ; Calvin West, about 1842 or 1843, and died here ; Dr. Spencer, about 1846 or 1847; Dr. Widiken, about 1850; Samuel J. Ford ; Drs. McElway and Genther, both dead.

The present physicians are, Samuel J. Ford, J. Read,

Thornton ; Daniel Smith, (eclectic;) jST. F. Canaday, (homcco- pathic ;) C. N. Blunt, J. M. Thurston.

The first Store was kept by Levi Antrim, about 1820, in a hewed log house, yet standing, near iSTewcombs' grist-nnU. An early store is said to have been kept at David Ilardman's, and another below town, by Hastings. Wm. Baker bought out Antrim in 1831. James Gray came about 1833; Joseph Hawkins, soon after. Mark E. and James E. Reeves, in 1830, bought out Hawkins, and James took charge of the st'ore ; sold his interest to Alark in 1810, when Mark came. Among the large number who followed, were A. B. Knode, Wm. Lewis, Gillespie & Co., Wm. Arnold, Christopher Taylor.

280 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

Present merchants : Dry Goods — Beck & Stonebraker, Stone- braker & Bruraback, IS^ehemiah Clieeseman, D. P. Slifer. Druggists — "Walker & Dilliug, Allen & Co., Walter Rogers. Hardware — H. Shiveley & Co. Stoves and Tin-ware — E. Brown. Grocers— Wm. Dolley, Wilson Thornburg, H. D. Root, H. Lontz, John Lontz, Hannibal Matthews.

An important branch of the trade of this place is the pork packing business of Wiggins & Cheeseman, which has for years furnished an ample and a ready market for the great staple product of the farmers of the surrounding country.

The Urst Lawyer is said to have been John Davidson ; the second, John Curtis ; later, David Reed. The present attorneys are Wm. W. Woods and Daniel W. Mason ; the latter being at present Prosecuting Attorney.

Wm. Baker was an early Justice of the Peace, supposed to have been the first in the township, and Thomas Burns the next. The present justices are Robert Gardner, Sylvester Baldwin.

Members of the Legislature elected from this township, Jonathan Platts, Joseph Hawkins, Wesley Williamson, AVm. C. Bowen.

The Toion of Hagerstoion was laid out by Jacob Ulrich and Jonas Harris, March 8, 1832, and the survey recorded IsTov. 15, 1832. An addition was made Oct. 15, 1838, by J. Ulrich, Henry Herman, and George Gillespie & Co.

Religious Societies. — The German Baptist Church (known also as Dunkers and Tunkers,) was organized about the year 1821 ; its members residing in the tow^nships of Jefierson and Jackson, and in adjacent townships in Henry Co. Among its early members were David and Aaron Miller, Benjamin Bow- man, John Ritter, Jonas Hoover, Samuel Eiler, David Hard- man, Benj. Hardraan, John Ulrich, Jacob Caylor, Henry Crull, and Samuel Cripe. Meetings were first held at private houses, in groves, barns, &c., until their meeting-ho^ise was built, IJ miles south-west of Hagerstown, about the j^ear 1843. Their first*preachers were David and Aaron Miller, and Benj. Bow- man, the first ordained elder; succeeded by John Bowman, David Hardman, Zachariah Albaugh, Daniel Bowman, Jacob Bowman, John Holler, David Bowman, Lewis Kinsey, Wm. Lindley, Daniel Smith. All but Holler, Kinsey, David Bow-

JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 281

man, and Smith, became eiders. Early deacons were Jacob Cajlor, Benj. Ilardman, John Ilardman, John Uh-ich. This church has, for the accommodation of its members, three other meeting-houses: one, 6 miles north-west of Hagerstowu, in Henry Co.; one, 5 miles south-west, also in Henry Co.; and another, 4 miles north-west, in Jefferson township. The mem- bers attending worship in these different houses constitute but one church. Preachers are elected by the members of the church, male and female. Elders are chosen from the preach- ers, who, after sufhcient trial, have given evidence of faithful- ness and ability. The office of elder is the highest in the church. Deacons are chosen in the same manner as elders.

A statement of the religious views and customs of this pecuhar people may be interesting to those residing in the re- mote parts of the county. The fundamental principles of their faith are the same as those recognized by most of the leading denominations in this country as evangelical. Their order of worship, generally, is also similar to that practiced by others. Their communion seasons are less frequent ; occur- ring about once a year in eacli branch of the church, and being observed only in the evening. The bread and wine they do not regard as the Lord's Supper. The supper is an ordinary meal. Before eating they wash each other's feet, in imitation of the example of the Savior, which they consider as binding on his professed followers. During the ceremony they sit with their faces from the table. When the number is large^ the service is performed by several of the members; and the washing is preceded by a salutation and a kiss. These are fol- lowed by others with towels, whose service is accompanied with the like salutation and kiss. Those of each sex are served by persons of their own number. After the giving of thanks, all standing, they seat themselves at the table. After the supper is ended, and the table cleared, the bread and wine are served, the partaking of each being preceded by the giving of thanks. This, as has been observed, is the eommanion.

The Dunkers, or Tunkers, [from a word signifying dip,'] be- lieve that adults alone are proper subjects of baptism, on the profession of faith and repentance, and that no other is Chris- tian baptism. This rite is performed by taking the applicant into the water, who, having kneeled, is dipped three times, 21

282 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

face foremost, once in the name of the Father, once in the name of the Son, and once in the name of the Holy Ghost. They believe this to be in accordance with the Savior's teach- ing.

They enjoin plainness in dress, and the avoidance of what is not essential to bodily comfort. While they admit that religion does not consist in dress, they consider the style of dress as an index of the state of the heart. Besides, uniform- ity in dress tends to unite the rich and the poor more closely in the bonds of Christian fellowship. They are par- ticular in having the men sit with their heads uncovered, and the women to keep theirs covered, during devotional exercises. One of their rules is never to allow any of their members to become chargeable to the public for their support. They have the privilege of voting for public officers, but they ac- cept no civil office, for several reasons, one of which is that they hold it wrong to take or administer an oath. They are also averse to bearing arms, and to the use of force even in self-defense.

A Methodist Episcopal Church, [Olive Branch,] 2 J miles north-east of Hagerstown, was organized — date uncertain — perhaps about the year 1828. Among the early members were Joseph Bowmen, Samuel Pollard, Isaac Pierce, Charles Con- away, and their wives, Joseph Manifold, James Hartup, Joel Bowen, Jonathan Shaw. They built a frame meeting-house perhaps about the year 1837 or 1838, which was destroyed by fire about the year 1839; and the present brick house was built immediately after. Allen Wiley is believed to have been the first preacher. After him w^ere George Gatch, Richard Robinson, Stephen Beggs, John C. Smith, Joseph Tarkington, David Stiver, Ansel Beach, Landy Havens, Miltideus Miller, Robert Burns.

A Christian Church was organized about the year 1830, in the south-east part of the township. Among its earUest mem- bers were the brothers Jacob, John, and Samuel Miller, Mrs. Worl, Mar}^ wife of Daniel Bradbury, Mahala Wilcox, Mar- garet Felton. Their first preachers are said to have been James and Robert Burns, succeeded by Elijah Martindale, Samuel Miller, John Robertson, Elisha Ashley; present pas- tor, James P. Dikes. [It is proper to state that churches of

JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 283

this order are sometimes distingnisbed by the names of Camp- belhtes and Dis(;iples. Tbe churcli sketched bekiw is said to be one of a ditt'erent order, wiiich is said to have originated soon after the beginning of tlie j)resent centnry.]

The Christian Church in Hagerstown was organized in 1867. Tbe ministers officiating were Wm. T. Warbingtou and James T. Lynn. Of tbe fifteen members who joined at the time of its formation, were — Wm. Stonebral^er, James McNeill, James AV. Strode, Clnirles Earl, and their wives, the Avife of Daniel AY. Mason, the wife of Jacob Bowman and daughter, James Stonebraker, Jane Beck. The}' worshiped in xMelodeon Hall nntil 1869, when they built their present brick meeting-house, corner of Washington and South Market streets, at a cost of about $12,000. Present pastor, Wm T. Warbington. Trustees — Wm. Stonebraker, Archibald B. Kuode, Morrison Bcddridge, Solomon Aliller, George Ilindman. Membership about 150.

The Methodist Episcopal Church in Hagerstown was formed in the spring of 1810. Present, John Sullivan, preacher. Of those then uniting were — Willis P. Davis, Manlove L. Reed, Greenbury Savoy, Andrew Pierce, Thomas Livingston, and their wives. AVitliin about one year after, Elijah Van Sandt, Silas Ruggles, Bezaleel Taylor, James Linn, Joseph Manifold, Thomas Test, and their wives. Of their preachers whose names are remembered, were John Kiger, John Sullivan, M.

Miller, Caldwell Robbins, Davidson. Present preacher,

Roberts. Their present meeting-house, on Perry street,

north of College street, was built in 184L

The Presbyterian Church in Hagerstown w^as organized j^ov. 20, 1852, by Rev. Robert Irwin and Rev. R. B. Abbott, pastors of Union and Hopewell churches, a conmiittee appointed by the Presbytery of Muncie. Among their first members were Parker Jewett, David Robertson, Washington Robertson, and their wives, Betsey Sennington, Maria Henry, Elizabeth Hous- ton. John Shearer and David Robertson were chosen eiders; Parker Jewett and Washington Robertson, deacons. Their first minister was R. M. Overstreet, for about two years. His successors have been R. B. Abbott, Wm. Armstrong, Wm. II. HoUiday, H. K. Kennigh, II. M. Shockley, George Long, John H. Aughey, S. S. Potter, and J. M. Lawbach.

284 HISTOEY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

Hagerstoion Academy was bnilt in 1860, under the direction of the trustees, Eohert Gordon, Charles Bowers, and John Zook. The cost of the property was about $3,500. A new and larger building is in contemplation. Scholars are advanced from the primary department to the highest grade of academ- ical instruction.

First principal of the graded school is James McN^eill. Board of Instructors — Joseph L. Logan, principal ; Sanford Bowman, teacher of the academic department ; Rebecca Cas- tator, teacher of the intermediate department; Sallie Stober, teacher of the primary department. Attendance, about 250.

The present trustees are "Wm. Stonebraker, Samuel Study, Morrison Baldridge.

The first Temperance Society in the township, and one of the earliest in the county, was formed about the year 1831, in a log school-house on the farm of Jonathan Shaw, now owned by Eli Petty. Among its members were Samuel Taylor, a Baptist minister, Joseph Bowen, a Methodist minister, Jonathan Platts, Jonathan Shaw, Isaac Pierce, Thomas Pierce, Andrew Pierce, Sarah Cheeseman, Joel, Jeremiah, and Wm. Bowen, Sarah and David Platts.

IhQ^vQVSabbath-school'Ya the township was taught in the same school-house. It was formed and conducted b}^ Joseph Bowen, Jonathan Platts, Jonathan Shaw, Elizabeth Pierce, and others. Biographical and Genealogical.

Samuel Baldridge, from Kentucky, unmarried, settled, in January, 1814, 3 miles east of Hagerstown, now on the turn- pike to Washington ; built a tent, in whicb he lived about two years. He was, if not the first settler, one of the first in the township. He married Elizabeth Rankin, and had eleven children: Mary, wife of James Bradbury, and Rankin, who married Mary Wright ; Washington, who married Mary Ann Manifold, and died in Harrison — his widow lives in Jefterson ; Morrison, who married, first, Mary Ann Petty ; second, Jose- phine Buchanan ; Catharine, who married Washington Heagy, and removed to Anderson ; both are dead ;"Sophronia, wife of Augustus Weaver; Kelson, who died at 20, in California; Steel, married ; he and wife both dead ; Elizabeth, first, and Cynthia Ann, second, married John M. Bohrer, now com- mission merchant, St. Paul. Amanda, who died in infancy.

JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 285

Henry Beitzell, a native of Pennsylvania, removed from Fayette count}", Indiana, to Ilag-erstown, in 1846. In 1851 lie was elected to the office of conntj' recorder, since which time he has resided in Centerville. His son, Marcellns, is a hardware merchant in Centerville.

Joseph Bowen was born in Delaware, March 25, 1777, and was married in Maryland to Savilla Evans. He removed in 1822 from Lebanon, 0., to what is now Jefferson township, li- miles east of HagerstoAvn, where he died in 1863 ; his wife ill 1842. Their children were: 1. John, who married, first, jSTancy ^Morgan, dangliter of Charles Morgan; second, Jemima Howell ; and lives 3 miles north-east of town. 2. Joel, who married Nancy Oler, and died on the homestead of his father. He was a Methodist preacher. 3. Jeremiah, who married Louisiana Cunningham, of Henry county. Both died in Delaware collnt3^ He also was a Methodist preaclier. 4. Sarah, married David, son of Jonathan Phitts, and died about 1835. He now resides in Virginia. His son Benjamin was captured by EebcLs, and died in Libby prison. 5. Will- iam C. married Priscilla Schenck, and settled where he now resides, in the north-east part of Jefferson township. He has been for many years, and is now, a Methodist preacher. A few years since he was a representative from this county in the legislature. He has four daughters: Mary Elizabeth, who married Prof. Levi Ault, teacher, at Farmland ; Sarah J., wife of George Bunch, lieutenant in the army, and served during the war; Alice C, and ]\Iartha K. B. 6. Joseph A. married, first, Rebecca, a daughter of John Peelle ; second,

. He is now a merchant at Whitewater. 7. Jane,

who married Parker Jewett, and lives in Ilagerstown.

Benjamin Boavman was born in Blair county, Pa., and re- moved, at the age of 18 years, with his father to Montgom- ery county, O.; thence, in 1822, to Jackson, Wayne county, a mile and a half north of Cambridge City; and thence to Delaware county, where he died at the age of 73 years. He had Ix'en a minister of the German Baptist church 4*J years. Two of his children still reside in this county ; David, near Hagerstown, and Solomon, 3>y miles north of Cambridge City.

288 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

David Bowman, son of Benjamin Bowman, was born in Montgomery county, O., March 26, 1812; removed with his father to Jackson township at the age of 10 years. He was miarried December 5, 1833, to Ruth Bell, who was born July 10, 1814; removed in 1838 to Henry count}^, and thence to Jefferson township, near Hagerstown, where he now resides. He was for several years a justice of the peace, before his connection with the church to which he belongs ; since which time he has, in conformity with the rules of that society, refused to accept a civil office. He has, however, during his residence in Henry and Wayne counties, settled many estates under the appointment of the courts. He united with the German Baptist church in Jefferson township, in 1857, and has been for nine years one of its preachers. He had eleven children: Abraham, who died in infancy; Elias, who married and lives atMillville, Henry county; i^ehemiah, who died at 19 ; Solomon, who died in infancy ; John and Ben- jamin, married, and live in the township; David, who died in the army in Texas, JSTovember 3, 1865 ; ]^ancy, who married Lewis W. Teeter, and lives in the township ; Sanford, Mary A., and Ithamar.

I^EHEMiAH Cheeseman, SOU of Rlchard W. Cheesemau, of Center, settled, in 183-1, in the township of Dalton, then the west part of Perry ; and, in 1858, removed to Hagerstown, where he was for a number of years extensively engaged in milling. In 1868 he erected the hotel building, kept for a time by himself, and kuown as the " Cheeseman House." He is now engaged in the mercantile business. His children are Richard C, who married Sarah Thoruburg, and lives in Dal- ton township ; Elizabeth, wife of Wm. Thoruburg, in Perry, Iowa; David, who married Lizzie JS'ewcomb; and Thomas, who lives in San Francisco, andVvorks in the mint.

John Mason, was born in Susquehanna county, Penu., May 9, 1786. While young, he removed with his parents to Ken- tucky; and at the age of about 19, he went to Montgomery county, Ohio, where he was married to Barbara CruU, in 1807. About the year 1818, he removed with his family to Washing- ton township, Wayne Co., Ind. In 1822, he settled in Jeffer- son, then an ahnost unbroken forest, where he shared the usual hardships and privations of pioneer life. His second

1 ■

JEFFERSON TOWNSHIP. 287

dwolliug, a two-story hewn log lioiise, is now owned and occu- pied by Charles Gwynn as a residence. In February, 1840, having sold his farm to Abraham Kinsey, he removed to Jackson, 2h miles north from Dublin. In March, 1854, he removed to Clay, Miami Co., Ind., where, at the age ot 68, he again entered the woods with the ardor of a young man. In 1858, he had a spell of severe sickness of four weeks, during lifty-six hours of which time, he was in a kind of trance, mak- ing it difficult for even his physicians to tell whetlier he was dead or alive. In 1865, his children having all loft him, he rented his farm, and himself and wife made their home with a daughter, Sarah Cunningham, where he died March 3, 1870, having walked about the room, a few minutes before his death. He died in his 84th year, and was buried on a bank of Deer creek, 8 miles south of Peru. About the year 1849 or 1850, he became a member of the German Baptist churcli, and con- tinued his connection with that organization until his death. His wife was born in Penn., Oct. 22, 1790. She has been con- nected with that denomination of Cliristians from her youth to the [)resent time. For the last three years she has been almost entirely blind. Air. Mason had fourteen children who were all married : 1. Elizabeth^ who was married to Robert Felton in Jefferson, where she died. 2. Magdalene, to Gabriel Hunt- zinger, and died in Jackson. 3. Samuel, to Sarah Roush, and died in Jefferson. 4. Hannah, to David Weaver, and resides in Miami Co. 5. David, to Mary Brumbaugh, and resides in Marion, Grant Co. 6. Catharine, to Samuel W. Farr, and died in Blackford Co. 7. Jacob, to Louisa GAvynn,and resides in Jefferson. 8. John C, to Mahala Coleman in Grant Co., and resides in Miami Co. 9. Sarah J., to Samuel Rhodes in Jackson ; and since her husband's death, she removed with her parents to Miami Co., where she was married to Andrew Cunningham, and resides there. 10. William J., to Sarah Ilumburd, in Jackson. 11. Michael S., to Aima Coleman, in Grant Co., and resides there. 12. Daniel W., to Matilda E. Murray; is a lawyer in Hagerstown, and at present prosecut- ing attorne}^ for the Wayne criminal circuit court 13. J^ncinda^ to Henry Clark, in Miami Co., and resides tliere. 14. George W., in Miami Co., to Nancy Clymer, who died soon after mar-

288 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

riage. He then married Mary Holden in Jackson township, and now residesat Sandwich, Canada West.

Isaac Pierce was born in Virginia, March 25, 1785, and was married to Elizabeth Anderson, who was born June 5, 1782. He removed thence to this county; and after a year's residence at Economy, settled in Jefferson township, where his son Isaac A. Pierce now lives, IJ miles north of Hagerstown. His chief object in coming north was to get away from slavery; and he brought with him two slaves to emancipate them. He was early enlisted in the temperance cause, and was perhaps the first person in the township to dispense with liquor at log roll- ings. His neighbors on being informed of his intention, told him they would not come to assist him. On making known his condition to two or three friends at a distance, they advised him to adhere to his purpose, and came with their teams to his relief. His neighbors seeing the work going on successfully without their help, yielded, and joined the company in the afternoon. Mr. P. afterward joined the Olive Branch church. He had six children, five sons and a daughter, all of whom were married, as follows: Thomas was married to jSTancy Hursh, in Missouri, whither he went in 1831; Andrew, to Eanny Brown, and lives in Henry Co.; Sarah, to jSTehemiah Cheeseman, living in town; Henry, to Mary Mendenhall, and lives in Iowa ; Ezra to Sarah T. Cheeseman, and died in Kan- sas; Isaac A., to Fanny Pollard and resides on the homestead of his father.

Moses Robertson was born in Virginia, March 3, 1788. His parents died when he was quite young. After one year's serv- ice in the war of 1812, he removed to Indiana in 1813, and settled near Jacksonburg, in the present township of Harrison. He joined the Christian church in 1815. About 1820, he re- moved to Henry county. In 1857, he sold his farm, and removed to Hagerstown, where his wife died July 27, 1861, aged 72 years. After the organization of the Christian church in Hagerstown, he became a member. He is said to have ^been "a liberal Christian, both in views and means;" exem- plary in his deportment, and faithful in the discharge of social and domestic duties. • He died in Hagerstown, Nov. 11, 1808, in his 81st year.

NEW GARDEN TOWNSHIP. 289

Adam Stonebraker was born in Pennsylvania in 1781, re- moved to Ohio in 1804, and settled in 1821 one mile south of Hagerstown, in the wilderness, there being but a few families in the township. lie resided here until his death, in 1870. He had served under Gen. Harrison in the year 1813, in the last war with Great Britain; and had been for 25 years pre- vious to his death a member of the Christian Chureh at Mount Pleasant. He married Catharine Herald, and after her death, Magdelena Smith. He had nine children : 1. John, who resides at Blountsville. 2. George, who married Jane Brown, and settled, in 18-30, near his father, and died in 1850, aged 45 years, leaving four sons, AVilliam, James, John, and Joseph. James resides in Huntington Co. ; the other three in Hagerstown, all engaged in mercantile business. 3 James, at Smithiield. 4. Abraham, at Blountsville. 5. Isaac, Hagerstown. 6. Sarah S., wife of Wm. Felton, Blounts- ville. 7. Bettic (deceased), first, the wife of J. Burkett, after- ward, of Leliop. 8. Tena, wife of F. Waller, Blounts- ville. 9. Martha, wife of M. Switser, Cambridge City.

John Ulrich, Sen., settled in 1823 on JSTettle creek, below Test's woolen factory, having purchased a large portion of the land below to Hagerstown. His sons were Daniel, who resides in Halton township; John, who settled on the farm now owned by Andress S. Wiggins, one mile north-west of town, and died about ten years ago ; David, who succeeded to his father's farm, which he recently sold, and removed to Illinois ; Jacob, who removed to Kansas and died there. He had two daughters : Elizabeth, wife of Abraham Teeter ; and Christina, wife of Zachariah Albaugh. John, son of John, Jun., owns the mills above town.

NE\Y GARDEN TOWNSHIP.

This township, originally including the present township of Franklin, was one of the six townships into which the county was divided in 1817. It is bounded on the east by Franklin township, south by Wayne and Center, west by Green, north by Randolph county. Its length, north and south, is 7 miles; its breadth, about 3^ miles, containing

290 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

about 26 square miles. Its principal stream is Poland's Fork, which enters it from the north, near its north-east corner, and leaves it near its south-west corner.

Who was the first settler in this township is uncertain. John Turner, from 'N. C, is supposed to have settled as early as 1809 or 1810, on the farm lately owned by his son Robert, in the south-east part of the township. Others suppose there was no earlier settler than Jonathan Marine, on the farm where his son Billy Marine now lives, 1| miles south of jSTew- port. Jonathan Hough, from iT. C, settled near where N'ew- port now is, having bought the lands on wdiich his sons Hiram and Moses, and Thomas Pierson reside. George Shugart, from ]^. C, bought at the same time, adjoining Hough's, the land on which J^ewport stands. He removed to Grant Co., where he died. His son George resides three-fourths of a mile north-east of town. About the same time, James D Wiggins, on the land now owned by Howell Grave and Rob- ert Preston. Joseph Dwiggins, from ]N". C, where Wm. Hampton lives. Beuj. Thomas, in 1811, where his son Eli lives. John, brother of Benjamin, in 1811 or 1812, where Elias Baldwin now lives. Stephen Thomas, from S. C., about 1812, on land now owned by Charles Thomas. Isaac Thomas,

about 1814, on land now owned by Herrington. Thomas

Knight, where Clark Benson lives. John James, early, on land afterward owned by John Huff, now by Isaac Thomas and Daniel Huff*.

In the south- icest part o'f the township, Edward and Thomas Baldwin, from ^. C, and later, Edward Bond, settled on the corner section now owned by Jesse and Levi Bond, Pleasant Unthank, and Nathan Puckett. Wm. Jessup, on land now owned but not occupied by Samuel Dwiggins. Isaac Jessup, born in Va., married in JST. C, removed to Ohio in 1808, to Wayne in 1812, and in 1816 to New Garden, near Dover; died in 1842, where his son Jehu lives. Mark Peelle, from N. C, on land now owned by Henry Jay. Andrew Hamp- ton, on land now owned by Isaac Votaw. John Scott, where now Addison Harris resides. John Baldwin, from N. C, on land now owned by John AI. Hodson and Daniel Jarrett; afterward at other places. Daniel Crampton, probably, where

NEW GARDEN TOWNSHIP. 291

now S. J. Cramptoii lives. Isaac Williams, from jST. C, where Levi Peacock lives, east side of the creek; who also owns on the west side. Bcuj. Thomas, 2d, on the land where the wndow of Wm. Fulghum resides; afterward removed to where his widow now^ lives. Thomas Bond, from IST. C, set- tled near Dover about 1813. Thomas Bond, Jun., in 1836, settled 2 miles w^est from Dover, in Green, where he died in 1861, aged 61. His son Lindley now lives in Wayne. Joseph Bond, from IST. C, came in 1811, and died in 1840. Levi, his son, lives in Dover.

In the south-cast part, Frank Swain settled where AVm. C. Jeffries owms. Abraham Hampton on land now owaied by James Weeks. Jacob Hampton, on land now^ owned by Na- than Hodgins. Howell Grave, where now Amasa Jenkins, son-in-law of Luke Thomas, lives. Hampton Brown, from Ohio, settled and died where Thomas J. Carlisle lately owned, now Quincy Baldwin. James Massey, from ^. C, where John Turner settled, and at the same time.

South of Newport, Obadiah Harris, Sen., from N. C, in 1811 ; later, Cader Woodward settled wdiere his son Luke Woodward resides. Obadiah Harris, son of Obadiah, Sen., settled south of his father, and later, where David ^Qgg lives. Both father and son sold out and removed to Ran- dolph count3^ Francis Thomas, from N. C, bought a large tract, wdiich passed to his sons, Luke, John, Francis W., Isaac, and Clarkson, who resides on the homestead. Benj. Thomas settled where his wddow and son Tommy Thomas reside. Josiali Woodward (perhaps not tirst), where now Cornelius J. Woodward and John Eeece reside, on Franklin line. Benj. Thomas, Sen., N. C, where Eli Thomas resides.

In the north-east part, Samuel Charles, from IST. C, settled, about 1820, on the land now owned by Henry Moorman and Amos diaries. John Peelle, from N. C, on the land now owned by Abraham Brower. John Fisher, from N. C, where Eli Alusser resides. Jonathan VVillcutts, from S. C, on laud now owned by Willis Thornton. William Peelle, on land lately owned by David Bailey. John Longfellow, about 1813 or 1814, on or near the cast line of the township. He

292 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

died about two years ago, at the age of nearly 100 years. Malachi Moon, about 1818 or 1814; land owned by Jehu Boren. Hiram Bailey, from Ohio, on towusliip north line ; still owns the land. John Barnes, from S. C, w^est of and adjoining Bailey, and still resides there.

In the north-ivest part, James Moorman, from S. C, bought a part of section 22, which he still owns, and other farms ; is now a banker at Winchester. Stephen Williams, on land now owned by Wm. W. Lacy. John D. Robinson (not flr.-t set- tler), on land now owned b}^ Michael Keever. Edward Pierce, from N. C, on the land now owned by Edward Pierce, his son, and Jonathan Willcutts and John F, Cranor. Wm. Lacy, from S. C, where he still resides ; served in the war of 1812. John Lacy, on the quarter now owned by Jonathan Willcutts and J. Haisley. Elias Stillwell (not first), on land now owned by Lewis Jeffrey, Joel Jeffrey, from X. J., about 1820, on land now owned by Carey Farmer, Samuel M. Boyd, on land now or lately OAvned by Philip Veuard and I. P. Woodward. Jacob Cook, from JST. C, on land now owned by James Brittan Samuel Horner, from J^. J., settled early where Henry Balster lives. Jediah Price, from K, C, and his brother Thomas, on the quarter now owned by Thomas Price and AYm. Hough.

Thomas AVillcutts, from S. C, settled 1^ miles north of Newport, on the quarter now owned by Charles Whippo. Matthew Allman, from N. C, on land now owned by Samuel Dwiggins. Elijah Thomas, from Carolina, on land lately owned by Amiel Hunt. John and Henry Henley, where they reside, on the east line of the township, 2 miles north-east of Newport. Daniel Thomas, son of Elijah Thomas, settled where John Benson, George Shugart, and Amiel Hunt's heirs now own. Joseph Woody, from N. C, on land bought of Stephen Thomas, now owned by Robert Dwiggins.

In the ivest part, Job Jeffrey, from N, J,, bought two quar- ters ; the land now owned by his son John, on the homestead,

and other heirs. Potter, from IST, J,, on land now owned

by his heirs. Jesse Haisle}', from N. C, on land now or lately owned by I. Williams. Harmon Clark, from S. C, owned the land now owned by Christopher Williams. Sam-

NEW GARDEN TOWNSHIP. 293

nel Pitts, Sen., on west line of township, where he still re- sides. Job Coggcshall, from N. C, settled on land now owned b_y his sons Melvin and Lafe. John Potter, from N. J., on the quarter noAV owned by John Barr and Stephen W. Teas. Caleb Cowgill, probably not a first settler, where his son Caleb lives, near town. Ira Hunt, where Eli Teagle resides. Jesse JluH', from ]Sr. C, 2h miles south-west from town, where Abraham Harris lives. Nathan Jessup, where now Elisha Parker and Jonathan Haisley o^vn. Tristram Cogge- shall, N. C, on land now owned by his son John. Daniel Baldwin, from N. C, father of Charles, John, Daniel and Thomas, where Samuel Dwiggins lives. (?) Charles Baldwin, from N". C, Avhere now M. K. Miller resides. Josiah Land:), from IST. C, where Jacob Williams lives.

Wra. M. Clark, a native ot N. C, settled, in 1823, 2h miles north of i^ewport, and about three years later removed to the south i)art of the township on land now occupied by Sarah Harris, where he died about 1848, aged 56. George Harris, from jST. C, settled in the township about 1830, and died many years ago. His son, AYillis L., lives 3 miles north of Centerville.

The first Grist-mill was built by George Shugart, Sen., about the year 1815. Isaac and Jesse Reynolds and Eli Osborn, at a later date, built a steam grist-mill, which, about twenty-five years after, w^as destroyed by fire. About 20 to 25 years ago, Job Reynolds built a grist-mill on the site of Israel Hough's old saw-mill. Israel Hough built his saio-mill about 1815 or 1816, 1 mile from I^ewport. About three miles below, John Baldwin, Benj, Thomas, and others built a saw-mill. A grist-mill was added, and run by a tread mill in a dry time. All have been discontinued, and there is now a steam saw- mill, owned by Jenkins brothers. Elijah Thomas built a saw- mill lialf a mile above iN'ewport, over forty ^^ears ago, where a mill has been kept running until a late date. William Hough, about twenty years ago, built his saw-mill which is still in operation. A steam saw-mill was built in 1870, near the railroad, by Elias Bahlwin and his son Nathan.

jSTathan Smith built a Carding 31achine at Newport, turned by a horse tread mill, about the year 1822 or 1823. A card-

294 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

ing macliine and fulling-mill were built by Reynolds & Os- born at tlieir steam grist-mill.

Jonathan Hough was the first Blacksmith in the township; Wm. Macy, probably, the next. The present are, Archibald Colby, Wm. Burkhart, Wm. Bush, Pascal "Wadkins.

Daniel Jones was the first Wagon-maker. Wm. Hough, who had worked for Jones, was the next. Joel Parker, from N. C, came in 1830, and carried on the business several years. Present wagon-makers are Martin Lamb, Henry Clark, and Daniel Huft' in partnership, and Wm. R. Williams. Car- riage-makers, Daniel Hufi' and Lindsay Osborn, in partner- ship.

Charles Gordon was probably the first Saddler and Harness- maker; and Elam Unthank, who served under him, the next. The present are John Keys and his son Charles.

Solomon Thomas was the first Ca.hinet-maker in ]Srewport. Harvey Davis, an appentice or journeyman of his, succeeded him, and still occupies the same ground. John Hough worked at the business out of town about the time Thomas com- menced, and perhaps earlier. He afterward worked awhile in town. Naturally ingenious, he took up the business of manufacturing clocks, which he carried on for several years.

The first Tannery was established by Micajah Weesner, 2 miles south of Newport, about the year 1820. Another, some later, by Daniel Puckett, at Newport ; afterward carried on by Barnabas Hunt, and for a time by Harmon Clark, and discontinued.

The first Merchant was Solomon Thomas, about 1818; the

next, Kelsey, who soon died. After him there was none

for several years. About the year 1825, Levi Coflin and Dr. Henry H. Way commenced trade in partnership. Their early successors are not remembered. The following named per- sons are known to have traded in Newport between 1839 and 1845, inclusive, for one or more years: J. & J. Unthank, Evans & Hunt, Cofliu & Parker, Joel Parker, Aquila Jones & Son, Jesse Reynolds, P. F. Needham, Levi Cofiin. Joel Parker commenced trade in 1837, and has continued in the business nearly all the time, either alone, or in partnership with Levi Cofiin, Dr. Nathan Stanton, Solomon Woody, Wm.

NEW GARDEN TOWNSHIP. 295

Hill, and Elwood Parker; and, with Amos K. Hallowell, be- loni^s to the present firm of John Weeks & Co. Also, Eohert B. iiuff; Wni. Hill, and Solomon Woody— firm, Huff, Ilill & Wood_y — are merchants in Xewyiort.

The first Physicians yvero. Henry II. Way and Jesse A. Vagg, who came about 1820 or 1821, perhaps a little later; pre- viously to which time the inhabitants were served by Dr. Warner, of Richmond. Among the later physicians have been Nathan Stanton, Potts Brothers, and Samnel W. Pur- viance. Drs. John Harris and Timothy W. Taylor are the present phj'sicians.

The first School was kept in the Friends' log meeting-house. David James, son of John James, and Mary Pegg, taught in that house. Near it a log school-house was built, and Charles Baldwin was one of the first, if not the first, who taught in it. A select school, under the direction of the Friends, has been kept up from an early day, with the exception of a few brief intervals, to the present time, either near their brick meeting-house or in the town. The present principal is Allen Tyrrell.

The earliest -Religious Society in the township was that of the Friends, who, in 1814 or 1815, built a log meeting-house, the first in the tow^nship, on the site of their present brick house. It was warmed in a rather novel manner. A large box was filled with dirt, on which was made a fire of char- coal. A frame house was built about the year 1820, and about 1858 the present brick liousc. The first meeting was established about the time the log house was built, and sub- sequently both a monthly and a quarterl}^ meeting. Among their preachers have been the following, most of them resi- dents of the township : John Hunt, Elizabeth Bond, Daniel Pockett, Thomas Frazier, of Cherry Grove, Francis Thomas, Jeremiah Hubbard, Wm. Hobbs. Zeri Hough and his wife, Luke Woodward, Sarah B. Woodw^ard, wife of Cornelius J. Woodward, and Eliza Hodson, are present preachers.

A Friends' meeting was also formed at Newport, about 1830, which is still continued.

A meeting was also formed in 1821, at Dover, in the south- west corner of the township. It was composed of the fam-

296 HTSTOKY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

Hies of Thomas, Joseph, and Samuel Bond. Walter Roberts, Nathan Hawkins, and others, in all about twelve families.

Still another meeting w^as organized, about 3 miles north of Dover, on the township west line, date of organization not ascertained. All the meetings mentioned are still main- tained.

At an early period of the antislaver^^ excitement, the peace of the old society was disturbed, by the propagation of the sentiments of the radical or "ultra" abolitionists. The dissension resulted in a separation in 1843. The parties, however, have long been reunited.

The Methodist Episcojicd Church is said to have been formed in 1815, by Elder Wm. Holman. He was probably not a min- ister in charge, as the conference that j^ear assigned Wm. Hunt to Whitewater circuit. ISTames of members of the class at and soon after its formation, given by one of their number, are James Dwiggins, leader, and Mary, his wife, Joseph W.Dwig- gins, John Peelle and Pennina, his wife, Ephraim Bowen and Hannah, his wife, ISTancy Bowen, Malachi Moon and Mary, his wife, Samuel Henderson, and Lydia, his wife, Joseph Hender- son and wife, James Loven and Sally, his wMfe. They held meetings many years in a hewed log-house built on the land of James Dwiggins, a mile north-east of ITewport. They after- ward sold their house to the African Methodists, and built their present house in town. Among their preachers are said to have been John P. Durbin, Lawrence, Elijah Whit- ten, and Amos Sparks; but neither do their names appear among those appointed to Whitewater circuit.

The Wesley an Methodists organized in 1842 or 1843. The society was formed chiefly or wholly composed of the more radical antislavery members of the Methodist Episcopal church, at the time of the abolition excitement. Among their number were Harvey Davis and Eunice, his wife, Joseph and Hannah Curtis, Josiah Bell and wnfe, Eli and Molly Morgan, Jediah and Maria Price, Elam Unthank, Griflin Davis, Michael and Henrietta Keever, Wm. K Williams. Their first circuit preacher was Mifflin Harker, who has been succeeded by Daniel Worth, Alex. Haywood, Emsley Brookshire, Aaron Worth, Alfred Hiatt, George Rogers, Enoch Morris, Lewis

NEW GAEDEN TOWNSHIP. 297

Beckford, J. W. Johnson, Elijah Cote, John L. Falls, E. Cote, present minister.

The African Methodist JEpiscopal Church has existed some thirty years, more or less. They bought of the Methodists their hewed log-house, and moved it, in pieces, about halfway to N"ewport.

A Baptist Church was formed in the north-east part of the township. The date of its organization and the names of its early members have not been ascertained. It has ceased to exist.

The first marriage in the township was that of Joseph Eat- cliff and Sarah Shugart, daughter of George Shugart, Jan. 4, 1816.

Joseph Curtis, Joseph Morrow, and Thomas Stanton have been representatives in the state legislature.

About the year 1830, the Temperance reform commenced in this township. Liquor had been to some extent introduced here. Its etiects having become serious, the friends of temper- ance joined in efitbrts to arrest the progress of the evil. A society was formed; the pledge was circulated, and a number of inebriates were reclaimed. Among the early and active friends of the cause were Dr. Henry II. Way, Eleazar Iliatt, Thomas Frazier, Benj. Thomas, Levi Cofiiu, Daniel Puckett, George Shugart, Sen., John Shugart, Wm. Hough, Luke Thomas, Josiah Unthank, and others. After j'ears of persist- ent effort the evil w^as removed. For nearly forty years there has been no retailer of liquors in the tow^i. This is believed by some to have been the first temperance society in AV'ayne county.

An antislavery paper, called the Protectionist, was started at ]^ewport about the year 1840, edited by Arnold Buffum, of New England. Another paper, called Free Labor Advocate avd Antislavery Chronicle, was afterward established by Dr. Way and Benj. Stanton. Both were continued for some time, when Bufium discontinued his, and the other was kejif up several years. Also, a Jree labor store was established in jS'ew- port, in which the products of slave labor were not kc]it for sale,

John Turner, James Morrisson, and Benj. Harris settled

298 . HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

early 3 or 4 miles south-east of Newport. Morrisson removed to Green township, where, while in company with a man named Henry Way, both were killed by lightning.

A citizen of Newport related to the writer the following : Jesse Gray and Joshua Addington attempted to take the life of an Indian traveling peacefully along the road. Both aimed at him with their guns; but in the act of shooting, Adding- ton's gun missed fire. The other took effect, and the Indian was supposed to be mortally wounded. He was taken by George Shugart to his own house, and the next day by Shugart and his son to an Indian camp on Green's Fork. The Indian recovered. The Indians were pacitied by the gift of a horse, saddle, and bridle. Another version of the affair differs from this in a few minor particulars.

At the time of the Indian alarms during the war of 1812, the inhabitants of the township, like those of other settle- ments, fled for safety to the vicinity of Richmond and other places. Only George Shugart and Obadiah Harris, Sen., it is said, remained in the settlement, and were unmolested.

The Town of Newport was laid off September 5, 1818, by Solomon Thomas and liedden Chance. An addition was made by Harvey Davis, in 1830 ; one by Wm. Hough, in 1832 ; and another by Robert Green, in 1844. The town was incorporated in September, 1844.

JSew Garden Lodge, No. 337, 1. 0. 0. F., was organized Dec. 1, 1869. The Charter members were Joseph H. Conner, Abra- ham Brower, Henry H, Bogue, Levi'C. Huff, Edward W. Bailey. .First officers — Joseph H. Conner, N. G. ; Henry H. Bogue, V. G. ; Levi C. Huff, R. S.; Edward W. Bailey, P. S.; Charles H. Keys, Treasurer.

New Garden Lodge, No. 439, F. A. M., was organized in 1869, under dispensation, and chartered May 23, 1871. Of- ficers— J. C. Grave, Master; Riley Shugart, Senior Warden; Lewis Jeffrey, Junior Warden; Isaac Lovin, Sen. Deacon; Aaron Lamb, Jun. Deacon; James Jennings, Sec. ; Thomas M. Bennett, Treas. ; Robert M. Clark, Tyler.

I^^?ffcl«

.v^-^

I

NEW GARDEN TOWNSHIP. 299

BiograjMcal and Genealogical.

Jonathan Hough was born in IsTorth Carolina, April 6, 1784, and was married, in 1804, to Gulielma Hutchins, who was born in Virginia, Oct. 18, 1703. He removed to this county with his wife and four children, and settled near where Xew- port now stands, in November, 1811. On the land he bought, his sons Hiram and Moses, and Thomas Pierson now reside, on the south side of the town. He died Sept. 27, 1867 ; his wife. May 2, 1859. This whole family, it is believed, have had a life-long connection with the society of Friends. There were ten children : 1. William. [Sk.] 2. Thomas, was mar- ried, and died at the age of 28. 3. Israel was married to Lydia Woodward, and died in 1850, aged 42. 4. Hireim mar- ried, first, to Anna Hubbard, and after her death, to Sarah T. Jones, widow of Saranel Jones, of Waynesville, Ohio. 5. Mary, unmarried, died in 1836, aged 23. 6. Lyclia, mar- ried to Levi Jessup, in 1838, and died the same year, aged 23. 7. Zeri, married to Miriam Hubbard. 8. Moses, to P. Wood- ward. 9. Susannah, to S. Teas in 1852, and died in 1855. 10. Gulielma, married to John Benson. All the surviving children, William, Hiram, Zeri, Moses, and Gulielma, reside at or near Il^ewport, and the other five died at or in the vicin- ity of the same place.

William Hough was born in Surry Co., JST. C, August 12, 1805, and removed with his father, Jonathan Hough, to where Newport now is, in 1811. He was married in 1826 to Katy Huff. He worked for many years at wagon-making, blacksmithing, and other business. During the last 20 years or more, he has been on his farm adjacent to the town. He is a member of the society of Friends ; and was an early friend and supporter of the temperance and antislavery causes. He had six children. Daniel, who married Tbeophana Hopkins. Lydia, who married Elias Baldwin, of New Garden. Jane, who married Levi C. Harris, of Cincinnati, where she died. Emily, who ^was married, and is deceased. Mary, who married Joseph Goddard. Elizabeth, who married Ashley Johnson, and re- sides in Monrovia, Lid. The wife of Wm. Hough died in 1863, and in 1869, he married a second wife.

300 HISTOEY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

John Peelle was born in Wayne Co., ]^. C, March 27, 1791. He married, March 6, 1815, Pennina Pate, who was born August 25,1795, In 1815, he settled in Randolph county; and in 1817 in !N"ew (xarden, near where I^ewport now is. In 1855, he removed to Centerville where he now resides. Both himself and wife, formerly Friends, joined the Methodist Episcopal church ; and in after years returned to the society of their early choice. They had twelve children, all of whom attained the age of majority : William T., who married Sallie C. Jeffrey, and died in Randolph Co. ; Celia, who married Jonathan Clevinger, and also died in Randolph Co. ; Hiram, who married Ann Maria Jeffrey, and resides in St. Anthon}^ Minn.; James, who married Mary Clements, and resides in Stark Co. ; Harriet, who married Josiah Bogue, and lives in l^ew Garden ; John, who married Lydia Price, and lives in Centerville; Pasco, who died unmarried; Jane, who married Jesse Morris, and died in Stark Co.; Rebecca, who married Joseph A. Bowen, now a merchant at Whitewater; Calvin, who married Nora Keifter, and resides in Cincinnati ; Sallie C, who married Reuben N'ewbern, and died at Centerville; Mary Ellen, who married John Pierce, a Methodist preacher.

George Shugart was born in I^orth darolina, where he was married to Mary Davis ; and in 1811, came to this county, and settled on the quarter section on which the town of Newport now stands. As were most of the early settlers in this town- ship, he was a member of the society of Friends. He lived many years where he first settled, and removed to Grant Co., where he died. He had nine children : 1. John, who married Sarah Ratlift". 2. Sarah, who married, first, Joseph Ratliff; second, David, son of Obadiali Harris, 2d. 3. Mary, who married Thomas Harris. John, Sarah, and Mary died in Grant Co. 4. Tamar, who married Simeon Cox, and died in Randolph Co. 5. George, who resides near Newport. [Sk.] 6. Zachariah, who married Susanna, daughter of Obadiah Harris, 2d, and lives in Tama Co., low^a. 7. Isaiah, who mar- ried Ehzabeth, daughter of Jesse Hough ; both died near New- port. 8. Catharine, who married, first, Daniel, son of Jesse Hough; second, Daniel Charles, in Green. 9. Gulielma, who married Nathan Coggeshall, and removed to Grant Co.

NEW GARDEN TOWNSHIP. 301

George Shugart, son of George Shngart, the subject of the foregoing' sketch, was born in July, 1804, and came, when a boy, with his father to this township. He was married to Ruth, daugliter of Jonathan Marine, and resides about three- fourths of a mile north-east of Newport. He has ever been an esteemed member of the society of Friends. He has had eleven children, namely : Luzena, who died in her 7th year, Riley, Ireiia, Jonathan, Jane, Angelina, Charles, Thomas C, "William, Hannah, Ruth Ann.

Thomas Family. — Probably no other head of a family, with perhaps a single exception, ever came to this county Avhose descendants outnumber those of John Thomas. It appears from the following genealogical sketch, that this family has contributed largely to the population of another county of this state ; and, we doubt not, to the better class of its citi- zens.

John Thomas, of South Carolina, came to this county in 1812 or 1813, not so much, probably, with a view to becoming a settler as to see the country and visit his children, who had settled in IsTew Garden. He stopped at Richmond, where he was taken sick, and in a few months died. Of his nine chil- dren, all but one came to this county. They were Isaac, John, Elijah, Mar}', Stephen, Francis, Christiana, Benjamin, and Sarah. All were married, as follows: 1. Isaac married Rachel Knight. Their children were Solomon, now residing in Grant co.; Betty, wife of Wm. Way, died in Wisconsin; Molly, wife of Eli Moorman, died in the township; Achsah, wife of Henry Hill, died in Randoplpli co. ; Rachel, who married Elijah Cox, and died in Randolph co. ; John, who lives in Grant co. ; Anna, who married, Urst, Asa Jessnp, second, Samuel Pitts, and lives in Green. 2. Ju/ui married Lydia Sneed, and had nine children, all married : Polly, who was married to Eli Overman, and lives in Grant co. ; Jesse to Hannah Cox, both dead ; Anna to Aaron ^lorris, and died in Grant co. ; Hannah, to Richard Jones, now in AVabash co. ; Lydia, to John Pierson, in AYabash co. ; Henley, to Polly Hunt, removed west ; Iluldah, to Levi Pierson; both died in Grant co. ; iSToah, to Betsey Overman, now in Miami co.; William, twin brother of Noah, to Addiugton, and after

302 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

her death, to Mrs. Jesse Harvey, sister of Noah's wife. 3. Mary, dauo^hter of John Thomas, Sen., married Moses Men- denhall, in N". C, and never removed to this state. They had six children, all of whom but one came to this county : Mary, who died in Carolina, unmarried ; Francis, who was married to Albertson, of Franklin, both dead ; Alice, to Alex- ander Beauchamp, in (Carolina, where he died ; and here, to Nathan Jessnp, and died in Henry co. ; Rebecca, to Matthew

Beauchamp ; both died in Grant co. ; Dinah, to i^pi'i^y,

and removed to Ohio; both dead : Moses, to Margery Buck- Ingham, and died in Randolph co. 4. Elijah married Susanna Sneed, and died in Cass co., Mich. ; she in Grant co. They had thirteen children, as follows: Daniel, who married Rachel Way, and removed to Grant co., where she died; and he married and lost, in Randolph co., a second wife, and lives at Bloomingsport; Mary, married, and lives in Howard co. ; Simeon, who married twice, and died in Michigan; Samuel, who died in Grant co. ; Milton, who resides in Grant co. ; Henley, who lives in Iowa ; Sneed, who married Miriam Lamb, and after her death, Sarah Arnold, and lives in Howard co. ; Isaac, who married in Grant co. and removed thence ; John, who lives in Iowa ; Susannah, in Grant co. Three children of Elijah Thomas died young. 5. Stephen married Hannah Mendenhall ; both died in New Garden. Their children were : Mary, who was married to Thomas Hobson, and died in Grant co. ; whence he removed to Iowa, and married again ; Sarah, to Lewis Moorman, and died in Grant co. ; Celia, to Isaac Schooley, and resides in Grant co. ; Charles, to Nancy Moorman, and after her death, to Isabel Maxwell ; Nancy, to David Little, and died in Randolph co. ; and he, after her death, to Mary Cox, of Wayne township; Lydia, to Thomas Baldwin, Fairmount, Grant co. ; Daniel, to Eleanor Nevvby, and lives in Grant co. ; Ann, who died at 25, unmar- ried; Cam, who married Priscilla Crampton, removed to Iowa, and married a second time. 6. i^ra^cis, married Lydia Woodward. [Sk.] 7. Christiana married Thomas Knight, and died in Grant co. ; both deceased. Their children were : John, who was married to Phebe Jessup, and after her death was married again; all died in the county; Benjamin, to Anna Bogue ; lives in Iowa, and is married the third time ;

v«% ^-

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NEW GARDEN TOWNSHIP. 303

Solomon, to Mary Winslow, and resides in Grant co. ; Betsey, to Nathan Pnckett ; Jimmy, to liachel Willcutts, and re- moved to Grant co. ; Racliel to Exam Newby, and lives in Iowa ; Sarah died unmarried ; Manoah was married to Betsey Willcutts, and died in Grant co., where she resides; Samuel, to Jane Votaw, and died in Iowa, where she resides; Iluth to Harmon Pitts ; Beulah, to Aaron Iloli'man, in Indianapolis, both deceased. 8. Bemjioiiui wiis married to Anna Moorman, and had twelve children, nearly all married: Guliolma, to Jesse Bogue, and died in Grant co. ; he lives in Iowa; Betty, to Cyrus Puckett,an(l lives in Illinois, where he died ; Nathan, to Caroline Dig-gs, second, to Ann Keynolds, and died in the township; Hannah, who died unmarried; George, who was married to Asmath Hill, and lives in 111. ; Mary, to Wm. Peacock, and lives in Randolph co. ; Clarkey, to John Wright Jackson; Benjamin, to Penina Howell, and died in Plorida ; Aclisah, who died unmarried ; Anna was married to Eli Hayworth ; they live in Florida ; Rath died at about 14 ; Eli, unmarried, lives with Achsah on the liomestead. 9. Sarah married Charles Baldwin. Their children, besides one that died in infancy, were Susanna, who was married to Jesse Dillon ; both died in Grant co.; Thomas, to Celia Will- cutts, removed to Grant co. and married again; Mary, to Lancaster Bell, and is in Iowa; Lindsey, to Mary Osborn, and died in Grant co., where she lives ; John, who went to Grant co., married, and removed to Iowa, and since to Kan- sas ; Ahira, to Newby, and lives in Kansas ; Jane, to

Stanlield, in Grant co., and lives in Iowa, where he died ;

Abigail, to Joseph Peacock, in Grant co. ; second, to Nathan Morris, and lives in Tennessee ; Quincy, tirst, to Gay ; second,

to Elizabeth Pike; Sarah, to Stanlield, removed to Iowa ;

Charles, to Knight, and lives in Iowa.

All the sons of John Thoiias and their wives lived to see their large families raised. The j'oungest of them died at GO, and the oldest at 91. None were twice married ; yet none had less than nine children. John Thomas was born Feb. 19, 1781 ; died Sept. 23, 1806. The number of his grand- cliildren was 83.

Francis Thomas, a son of John Thomas, from South Caro- lina to New Garden in 1811. He not only encountered the

304 HISTORY OP WAYNE COUNTY.

unavoidable hardships of pioneer life ia general, and among others, that of going on horseback thirty miles to get bread- stuft', but was obliged, with others, to flee for safety during the Indian troubles. Notwithstanding his fear of attacks from Indians, he held his peace principles too dear not to be pre- served at any hazard, even of life. He took the lock from his gun, and hid the gun at a distance from his house, lest, in case of an attack, he might be tempted to harm the Indians. Farming was his favorite and chosen occupation. But, being naturally ingenious, he turned his hand occasionally to the diiFerent trades of carpenter, cabinet-maker, cooper, shoe- maker, and blacksmith. He made an early profession of religion ; and his well-known honesty and love of peace gave him great influence as a peacemaker in the church aud com- munity. He was liberal and charitable; and was during life a member of the society of Friends. He was married to Lydia Woodward, and had eight children : 1. Mary, who was mar- ried, first, to Ahira Ballard; second, to Eli Hadley, and lives in Clinton Co. 2. Luke, to Mildred Fulghum. 3. Sarah, to Joseph Hubbard, and died here; he lives in Missouri. 4. Absellit, to Rollin Green ; settled in Clinton Co., and died in 1871. 5. John, to Smithy N"ewsora, and lives at Azalia, Ind. 6. Francis W., to Rebecca Corbitt, and lives in Henry Co. 7. Lydia, to Joseph B. Mills, and died in Hamilton Co. ; he resides at Xenia, Ind. 8. Isaac, to Mahala Hadley. 9. Clark- son, to Sarah Jane Pitts, and lives on the homestead.

PERRY TOWNSHIP.

Perry was one of the six townships into which the county was divided after the adoption of the state constitution. It was in the north-west corner of the county. By the formation of Halton and other townshi[)S, its area has been reduced to about 18 square miles, about one-third of its original size. Like other portions of the Twelve Mile Purchase, it had few inhabitants until after the close of the war of 1812.

Of the early settlers, the greater portion were from Tenn.,

PERRY TOWNSHIP. 305

thonsrh most of these were probably natives of N. C, and Friends.

Richard Williams, from Tenu., settled, Dec, 1814, one-fourth of a mile west of town, where his son John M. Williams lives. He had other sons, William, Alfred, Elam, and Millikin, who reside in Westville. Robert Canaday, from Tenn., settled near Economy in 1814, and died there in 1836 or 1837. He had two sons, Joshua and Thomas. Henry and Moses Mills, from Tenn., settled in 1815 on the present sitQ of Economy. Henry sold to Elihu Swain and Wm. Locke, who, in 1818 or 1819, sold to Charles Osborn, who laid out the town. Of the quarter section on which the town stands, those portions which lie outside of the town, are owned by John Osborn, Thomas B. and John M.Williams, Wm. Clark, and Samuel L. McDonald. Elihu and Samuel Swain, fi'om Tenn., settled on land now owned by the heirs of Elihu Swain, Jun. Elihu Swain and a son, Ira, reside in town. Miles Marshall, from Tenn., settled on Green's Fork, near Washington; returned south in Janu- ary, 1813, and after the war of 1812, came back, and settled, about 1815, near Economy ; removed ten or twelve years ago to Iowa, and died there about 1867 or 1868. John Canaday, brother of Robert, settled, about 1816, south side of tlie town ; land now owned by Jesse H. Greenstreet, Jonathan B. Clark, and Philip Replogle, lately by Wm. Lewis. Wm. Blount, from Pa. to Ky., in 1800, and thence, in 1805, to Wayne town- ship, and about the year 1814 to Perr\% a mile west of Economy, on land north of Macy's, on which Jesse Willetts afterward settled, now^ owned by Edwin P. and Julia Thornburg, and Thomas J.Cook. Several of Blount's sons removed to Henry Co., and laid out the town of Blountsville. The father re- moved about 1830 to Delaware Co. Thomas Gallon, Ky., set- tled IJ miles south-west of town, on land now owned by George Comer, lately by J. Ilartup. James Warren, from Tenn., on land now owned by Elvan Thornburg. Jonathan Macy, from Tenn., next north of Warren ; he was an early justice and a merchant. The lands settled by Robert Canaday and Miles Marshall, in or about the year 1814 and 1815, are said to be those now owned by Lindsey Canaday, John A. Shepard, Matilda, widow of Jonathan B. Macy, and others.

306 HISTOEY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

Jesse Baldwin, probably a Carolinian, from Ky. to Perry, is said to have built the tirst house on the land now owned by Matilda Macy, Though a Quaker, he had the honor of being an acquaintance of the famed Daniel Boone. Boyd Williams, brother of Eichard, settled about 1816, where Jonathan Brown lives, a mile west of town. Thomas Stanford, from Ohio, about a mile westerly from town, on land sold to John Under- bill, where his son Jesse P. Underbill lives.

In the south-east corner of the township, Thomas Lamb, from N. C, about 1812 or 1813, and John Bailey, and a few years later, Wm. Elliott, of Tenn., Joseph Luce, and Job Ratcliff, settled on sections 9 and 10, which are now, or were lately owmed by Adam Oler, Stephen Cox, Elam and Caleb Menden- hall, Allen and Wm. S. Lamb, and Lewis S. Cranor. Wm. Starbuck, from 'N. C, on land now owned by Martin and Milo Lamb and Jesse Stevens. Azariah and Hezekiah Williams, from Tenn.; on land now owned by Widow Cain, Perry Hurst, and James M. Atkinson. Charles Williams, Tenn.; afterward, 1830, Philip Robbins ; present owners, his sous, George W. and Daniel B. Kobbins. John Cain, where now Milo Lamb resides.

In the south-ivest part of the township, Hezekiah Manning, from Conn., settled where George Manning lives. Abraham Lennington, from Pa., about 1815, oh land now owned by Stephen Pierce, Richard Smith, Jacob Wilson, Samuel Cromer, Daniel Whitesell. John Hart, from Ky., on land now owned by Solomon Mendenhall. Jonathan Adamson, from Tenn., on land now owned by Pleasant M. Adamson and Nicholas Shaw. Solomon Hodson, where Isaiah H. Hale owns. James Hartup, from 0., present owner, David Petty. Jason Howell, about 1816; laud now owned by Henry P. Cain. Abel Pe\Y, about 1816, on land now owned by the heirs of Daniel Shaw.

In the west and north-ivest part of the township, Jesse Green- street, a Carolinian, from Ky., about 1815, settled on the town- ship west line, where Obed Williams resides ; Moses Gilraore, on land now owned by Wm. Mendenhall; John Gwinn, in 1815, where now his son Pleasant Gwinn lives. Walter Thorn- burg, from Tenn., where Eli B. Barnard resides. Richard and

PERRY TOWSNHIP. 307

Daniel Mills, from N. C. in 1804, and from Ohio in 1816, on lands now owned by Wilson Pierce, Isaac B. Underbill, and Josef)b L. Wood. Miles Marshall, of Tenn., and Thomas Carr, of O., on lands now owned by John M, and Merchant B. Williams and Jonathan Brewer. Thomas Carr also owned land where the heirs of Kichard Pugh reside. David Osborn, a Carolinian, from 0., in 1816, settled on land now owned by John X. Dean, lately by Tliomas B. Williams. John Jordan, who had set- tled in 1810 in what is now Boston township, removed in 1815 to the north-west corner section of this townsliip, where he died. The entire section, a part of which was recently owned by T. D. Barnett, is now owned by his son Wm. Jordan and his sons John W. and George !M., and by John P. Jordan, nephew of Wm. Jordan. About the year 1815, Wm. Fife and his son-in-law, Jonathan Thornburg, of Tenn., and Amy Hall, settled where Jonathan Thornburg lives, on the township north line. In 1816, George Hobson, from Tenn., on land now owned by Charity Gwinn and Jonathan Brewer.

In the north-cad part of the township Joseph Jackson set- tled early, and later, Allen Jndd, whore now James Hatchins and G. W. Scantland reside. Josiah Johnson, where Ilezekiah Hutchins lives. Henry Alulliuex, where A. W. Hoggatt re- sides. Isaiah Osborn, about 1828, where Edmund Osborn lives. Thomas Marshall, about 1818, where his grandson Thomas Marshall now resides. Thomas Cox, where E. Bias resides. Reuben Macy, from iST. C, on lauds now owned by John Charles and John Banks. Samuel and Elihu Swain, from Tenn. in 1815, on land now owned by the heirs of Elihu Swain, Jun. Isaac Mills, Jesse Jones, Uriah Barnett, and Wm. Locke, were early owners of the land afterward owned principally by Alva J. Macy, now by his widow, Mar}' Macy.

Baldridge, later David Maulsby, settled on land now

owned by Harvey and John Lamb. Elihu Swain, Jun., after- ward AVm. Maulsby, where Henry HoUingsworth now lives.

In the cast part of the township the following-named persons settled: John Davis, from Tenn., who, about 1819, sold to Ilezekiah Hutchins; land now owned by Wm. Ballengcr. Fentou Riley, where Jesse B. AVilliams lives. Josiah Johnson, afterward Anderson Moore, on land lately owned by Henry B.

308 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

Hinshaw and Samuel Moore, now by Samuel McDonald. Henry MuUinex, later Zacbariah Hodson, where Daniel M. Hiatt lives. George D. MePherson, on land now owned by Wm. Starbuck. Benj. and John Elmore, from Tenn., a mile

south-east of town ; land now owned by Burgess, Temple

Edwards, and others.

Robert Canady, in 1819, built a Saw-mill half a mile from Economy, on Martindale's creek, (so named from John Martin- dale, an early settler on the stream,) Abel Lomax, master- builder. By repairs and rebuilding a mill has been kept there until the present time ; present owner, John A. Shepard. An oil-mill was built at the same place as early as 1830; pro- prietors, Richard Williams, Wm. Barnard, and Matthew Will- iams, and was run six or seven years. About the year 1827, a grist-mill was started by Daniel and Richard Mills and Thomas Cox, a mile below town, and was run about ten years. A steam grist-mill and saio-mill were built at Economy about the year 1830, by Nathan Proctor, and run about five years. John and Larkin Maulsby built, in 1849, a steam saw-mill, and after- ward added a corn-cracker. They were run but a few years.

A Car ding -machine, propelled by an inclined plane horse- power, was built by Reuben Macy, about 1829, and was in operation about four or five years.

A steam Planing-mill was built in town, in 1867, by Elam Osborn and Henry Beard, and a saw- mill was attached in 1870.

Wm. Locke and Jonathan Macy are named as the earliest Merchants in the township. Locke kept his store where he first settled, IJ miles north-east of where Economy now is. Much of his trade was in deer-skins, raccoon skins, rags, gin- seng, pork, &c. Macy, who had settled a mile south-west of town, kept a small stock 'of goods. Walter Thornburg and his son-in-law, Moses Mills, in partnership, afterward estab- lished below the hill, on the north-west side of town, a store which was continued by them there for several years, and, after the death of Mills, by Thornburg and his son John. The first store in town was kept by Matthew Williams. He had been for a short time a competitor of Thornburg, and prefer- ring a location on the hill, removed his goods to a hewed log building on the corner where Daniel B. Robbins now trades.

PERRY TOWNSHIP. 309

After about two years he was succeeded, in the same building, by Jonathan Macy, about the year 1828. Jolin Thornburg, soon after, removed from "below the hill," to the house on the corner opposite, now owned and occupied by the Chirks as a store, which he had built for that purpose. He is known to have traded in Economy as late as 1843. Ilinshaw & Coffin, [Wra. II. Hinshaw and Barnabas Coffin,] traded as early as 1840, and Ilinshaw alone for many years afterward. Maulsby & Robbins commenced as early as 1845. AYm. Clark, from N. C, in 1860, bought an interest in the store of Barnabas Coffin and Thomas El wood Clark, son of Wm. Clark. In 1863, Coffin left, and went to Indianapolis. Present merchants — Daniel B. Robbins, who has been in the business about twenty-five years, and T. Elwood Clark and Barzillai II. Clark, brothers, in part- nership.

A Drug Store is kept in town by Geoj'ge W. Robbins and Elisha K. Olney, and another by Mahlon Ballenger.

A Tannery was established in Economy by AVm. Locke about the year 1825. Among the names of those who have since carried on business at this establishment are Joshua Can- aday, George P. Rupe, Price & Surface, James Stanley, Coffin & Ilinshaw, and others. Its last proprietor was Wra. Bal- lenger. It has recently been discontinued.

The first resident Physician in the township was Thomas T. Butler, who settled in Economy about the year 1826. The settlers had been previously served, in great part, by Brs. Warner, of Richmond, and Waldo, of Jacksonburg. Among those who have succeeded Dr. Butler were Henry Carver, in 1834, Josiah T. Bohrer, Macy B. Maulsby, George W. Robbins, Caleb K. Patterson, (eclectic,) Thomas Adamson, Royal R. Jennings. Drs. G. AY. Robbins and Jonathan B. Clark are the present practicing physicians.

Of that class of mechanics first needed in a new country, Blacksmiths, Thomas Swain was the earliest, 1^ miles north-east of Economy. He was, in 1820, a member of the legislature while it met at Cory don, and had to camp in the woods alone on his return. John Macy also was an early blacksmith.

The earliest Religious Society was that of the Friends ; most of the settlers mentioned as from Tennessee being of that

310 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

denomination. Their first meeting-house was built of round logs, about a quarter of a mile north-west of the present town of Economy, in 1816. It is said to have been warmed by charcoal and white oak bark, burned on a hearth in the center. Some of the first members were Elihu Swain, James Warren, Richard Williams, and their wives, Robert Canaday and his wife Amy, an exhorter. Charity Mills, David Maulsby, Wm. Locke, Thomas Marshall, Henry and Moses Mills, and Charles Osborn, the only resident recommended preacher ever here. In 1821, a house was built of hewed logs a short distance from the former. The society here was called Springjield Meet- ivg. About the year 1842, the antislavery question caused a division of the society. The abolitionists retained the old house until it was abandoned, about the year 1850. The others built a new house in town, which is still occupied by the society ; a portion of the abolitionists having since re- united with them.

The Methodist Episcopal Church and Society was organized at an early date. A class was formed in or about the year 1817, at John Jordan's, in the north-west corner of the present township of Perry; James Havens being circuit preacher on the Whitewater circuit. The early members were John Jor- dan, Wm. Jordan, James Hudson, Jesse Comer, and their wives, ^Rachel Ellis, and perhaps a few others. Soon after were added Joseph Stanley, James Stanford, and their wives. Their meetings were first held at John Jordan's, near the head of West river, and at other private houses. Owing, prob- ably, to the increase of the number and the consequent ex- tension of the territorial bounds of the society, meetings were held, it is said, in a log school-house near the town; and among the members not above mentioned, were Simon Adam- son, Jacob Bowman, George D. McPhersou, Wm. Starbuck, Barrett Barnett, Jesse Greenstreet, Daniel Worth. About the year 1827, some say — others, later than 1830 — a small frame meeting-house was built in Economy, which was dedicated by Rev. Wm. Hunt. About 1857 or 1858, the present house was built. Among the early preachers after James Havens were

Wm, Holman, ■ Summerville, Daniel Fraley, Wm. Hunt,

and Elijah Whitten. This society, too, was disrupted by the

PERRY TOWNSHIP. 311

"abolition" question. The radical antislavery members se- ceded about the year 1842, and organized as a

Wcskya7i Ilethodist Society. — Among its members were George D. McPherson, Elihu Smith, Ira H. Hutcliins, Wm. Williams, John Maulsby, John M. "WilHams. This organiza- tion lasted only about three years. Some seven or eight years after it had been given up, a new society was formed.

The Economy Wesleyan llefhodist Church was organized Sept. 9, 1853. Alexander Haywood was preacher in charge. Members who composed the church at the time of its organ- ization were EHhu Smith and Elizabeth, his wife, Ira H. Hutchins and Susannah, his wife, and perhaps others. On the same day, Elizabeth Mills, Martha E. Thornburg, and Emma Sutton w^ere "received into full connection." Elihu Smith was chosen class-leader ; and a few months after, Ira H. Hutch- ins, steward. Preachers in charge since the organization :

A. Hayw^ood, Enisley Brookshire, Harris, Wm. Gladding,

Aaron Worth, Enoch Marsh, L. C. Beckford, John M. John- son, Elijah Coate, John W. Johnson, John Fall, Elijah Coate. The Wesleyan Chapel in Economy was built in 1857.

A church, called Christian Friends, was formed about the year 1837, and a house built near the north-east corner of the township, on the north line. It is said to have been formed by Valentine and AYm. Gibson, of Delaware Co., Ind. Hence the members were called Gibsonites. This church had a brief existence. About eight years ago the United Brethren formed a church here, and occupied the house until they built a new one in 1870.

The United Brethren formed a church about thirty or thirty- five years ago near the south-east corner of the township, on the south line. Meetings were held for several years in a school-house until the present house was built. Eobert Mill- man, James Wright, Lewis Perry, James Powell, and their wives, are the names of members recollected. Preacher then in charge, Daniel Stover ; present preacher, James Cook ; pre- siding elder, John T. Varderaan.

A Baptist Church was formed in Economy about the year 1840, perhaps later. It existed but a few years.

The first School was kept in the Friends' log meeting-house.

312 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

John Canaday is said to have been the first teacher. He was succeeded by Thomas R. Sauford, who was afterward a judge in Henry Co.

John Underbill commenced, in 1819, a classical or high school, which he continued, at intervals, for ten or twelve years. The present school-house was built in 1868, in which is kept a graded school, the higher branches being included in the course of instruction. The cost of the building was about $7,000.

The Tow7i of Economy was laid out by Charles Osborn, as proprietor, and the plat recorded July, 1825. At an election held at the house of Wm. Barnard, Sept. 8, 1828, Isaiah Os- born, Wm. Barnard, Richard Williams, Jonathan Macy, and Josiah Osborn were elected trustees. Additions to the town plat were made by Charles Osborn in 1829 and 1834.

Some of the early Justices of the Peace elected in the town- ship were Jonathan Macy, (who, perhaps, never served,) Miles Marshall, Isaiah Osborn, probably the first in Economy, Absa- lom Wright, Wm. Williams. John M. Williams is at pres- ent a justice, and has held the office most of the time since 1837.

William Locke was born in Granville county, IST. C, June 14, 1787. His father, John Locke, was a soldier in the Revo- lutionary war, and a pensioner during the remainder of his life. Wm. Locke married, first, Bamaris Mills, in 1808, and removed in 1815 to Perry township, and settled on a part of the land now owned by Mary Macy and her heirs, 11 miles north- east of Economy, where he kept the first store in the town- ship. Much of his trade was in deer-skins, raccoon skins, rags, ginseng, pork, etc. He was a Friend, and took an active part in forming the Springfield Meeting. He afterward re- moved to Economy, and established a tannery, the first in Perry township. After a brief residence there, he returned to his farm. He was for several years a director of the State Branch Bank, at Richmond. About the year 1837, he again removed to Economy, where he was for a season, and in other business. Fifty years after his marriage, his wife died. A year thereafter, in his 73d year, he married Judith Carter, with whom he lived about eight years, and died November 3,

PERRY TOWNSHIP. 313

1868. He had three sons and seven daughters, as follows : Lucretia, born April 19,1809; Charity, born December 13, 1810; Hannah, born December 27, 1812; married Wm. C. Bond, of Clay township; Elizabeth, born October 13, 1814, died at 20; Rachel, born May 26, 1816, married John Brooks, of Clay; John Aaron, born May 22, 1819, married Charity Brooks, of Clay; Mary Ann, born March 25, 1821, married Elzey Storms, and died October 13, 1843 — he re- sides in Randolph county ; Levi, who died in infancy ; Da- maris, born July 3, 1826, married Elvin Thornburg, a recom- mended minister of the Friends ; Wm. Milton, born December 21, 1828, married Martha Fisher, of Economy, and resides at Koblesville, Indiana.

Charles Osborn removed from Tennessee to Ohio, in 1816, and in 1819 to the township of Perry, and settled on the land on which the town of Economy now stands. In 1825 he laid out the town, as proprietor, to which he made an addition in 1829, and another in 1834. After many years' residence there, he removed to Michigan, and a few years after to Porter county, Ind. [Dates of birth and death not obtained.] His sons were, James, who was married, and died in Iowa; Josiah, married, moved to Michigan, and died there; John, married, resides in Economy ; Isaiah, married, resided there until his decease in 1846; Elijah and Gideon, married, live in Cass county, Michigan ; Charles N. and Parker, who reside in Wilmington, Ohio ; Jordan, Benjamin, deceased. Daughters : Sarah, who married James Bonine ; Anna, wife of

Jesse East ; Cynthia, who married Singerfuse ; l!^ar-

cissa, who died in Economy at the age of 12. In 1831, all the children of Charles Osborn were living and were present at a dinner at his house. He was a preacher in the society of Friends.

[The names of two of Charles Osborn's children have probably been omitted in the above list.]

314 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP.

This township lies in the south-east part of "Wayne county, and is one of the six townships into which the county was divided in 1817 by the county commissioners after the adop- tion of the state constitution of 1816. Its length, east and west, is 7 miles ; its breadth 6 miles, containing an area of about 42 square miles.

The earliest settlements in the township are believed to have been in the north part. Thomas Symonds settled December 6, 1811, about a mile north of where Milton now stands, hav- ing cut his way through the woods for 12 miles. There was no other settler near. His widow, still living, says, that, for six weeks after their arrival, she did not see the face of a white woman. Mr. Symonds was from IST. C, and had stopped a few months at Cox's settlement, where Eichmond now is. His family consisted of himself and his wife. They were much annoyed by Indian beggars, and by wild animals that ap- proached their cabin by night and by day. In the spring of 1812, from fear of the Indians, they, like other settlers, left their home, and sought safety in the settlements in the vicinity of the present city of Richmond, where they remained until after the pacification of the Indians in 1814. They were obliged to go some 15 miles to mill, until Mr. Symonds himself built a mill, which was completed late in the autumn of 1814, or early in 1815. His wife once made one of these trips to mill, it being deemed safer than to remain at home alone. He died September 30, 1865. His wife is still living at Spiceland, Henry county.

In the north-east part of the township were some who settled there about the same time as Symonds in the north- west part. After the treaties of peace with the Indians, rapid progress was made in the settlement of the township.

In the fall of 1814, Benj. Beeson, from ]S"orth Carolina, settled 31 miles south of the present town of Milton, on land which had been entered in 1812, where he resided until his death in 1852, and where his son Benj. F. Beeson resides.

WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 315

James Walker, from Tenn,, settled in the adjoining county of Fayette in 1812, and in 1814 came to this township, where he died about 40 years ago. The farm is now ow^ned by Bezaleel Beeson. He had a large family, of wdiom only James and Prudy remain in the township. In 1814, John Wallace, from Ohio, settled 2 miles south of Milton, where he died; land now owned by his sons, Oliver, James, and John.

In 1811, Thomas Beard, from N. C, brother of John and Patrick Beard, settled 2h miles south-east trom town. In 1815, James Jackson, from N. C, settled on land adjoining Beeson's on the north. He removed about 1840 to Marion county, and died there. In 1815, Adam Banks, from Tenn., on the Wayne county line. He was a Baptist minister, and for several years a justice of the peace, and was famed as a

hunter. He died about 1843 or 1844. In 1815, Logan,

on land now owned by Monford G. Beeson. Eli Wright, from K. C, settled near Benj. Beeson's. He had served in the war of 1812 as a ranger in Vincennes and Whitewater valley. He was a justice of the peace and a member of the legislature; land now owned by Sanford Caldwell.

Others settled in the south-west part of the township, the dates of the settlement of the most of whom are not ascer- tained. Among them are the following :

In 1816, came Micajah and ISTimrod Ferguson, from !N". C. Micajah settled on the land now owned by his nephew^, Le- land Ferguson, and died in Posey township. I^imrod settled on the farm where his widow and his sons John W. and Cas- burn reside. He w^as probably the only pioneer in the county who did not enjoy the luxuries of log cabin life. His first and only house w^as built, in his small clearing, of bricks made near Milton. It is occupied by his surviving family. Thomas Beeson settled on land now owned by Elwood Bee- son, on the w^est line. Harrison Shortridge, (not the first,) where Norman Munger resides. Joseph Caldwell, in the south-west corner of the township; land now owned by his son James. Jehiel Lampson, and later, Jacob Smith, on land now owned by G. W. Smith's heirs. Solomon Burkett, on land since owned by Eli Elwell and his son Hiram, now by

316 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

Thomas Williams. Jolin Foulke, on laud since owned by Matthew Wilson, now by Eli Elwell, who has removed to Milton. Joseph Williams, on the west line of the town- ship ; land now owned by his son James. Matthew Symonds, west part of the township, where he died; farm now owned by Wm. Johnson. David Shay, on west line; land lately owned by John Welch, now by Daniel Whitely, Jun.

In the north-west part of the township, Gideon Myers settled about the year 1820. Joab Raines and Samuel Drury settled west of Milton ; in 1832, Joseph Gray, and about 1828, Isaac and Daniel Whitely. Thomas Pierson, afterward Abra- ham Symonds, settled in the north-west corner of the town- ship ; land now owned by James Gray and Daniel Heacock. Peter Martz, afterward Silas Hiatt, from N. C, settled, first, where Joseph Gray now owns; next, where Henry Izor lives. Moses Cooper settled, in 1817, on land now owned by Jesse Murray and his father, Yeniah Murray. John Callaway, a native of Delaware, in 1814, from Ohio, settled on land first owned by Boaz Thorp, lately by Joshua Gresh, now by Henry Frazee. A short time after Thorp's arrival, a daughter, about three years of age, was taken away by Indians, and never recovered. In consequence of this bereavement, he soon sold his land to Mr, Callaway, and left the country. John Callaway died in Warren county, Ohio, aged 84 years. James, son of John Callaway, came with his father, and, in 1820, settled half a mile west of Milton; afterward removed to town, where he still resides. He is the father of John Callaway, President of the First National Bank, Cambridge City. John Bell settled on the land now owned by John Callaway, of Cambridge City.

South of Milton, Jehu Wilson, a native of South Carohna, from Ohio about 1818, settled 1 mile south of town, on land bought of Joel Ferguson, where he resided until his death. The farm is now owned by his grandchildren. Jonathan Justice, a native of N. C, settled near Milton, where he died. The farm is now owned by Gideon C. Wilson, son of John, who was a son of Jehu Wilson. James Cathcart settled on the laud now owned by Joel Pennington, IJ miles from Milton.

WASHINGTON T0T7NSHIP. 317

The following are believed to have settled during or soon after the war of 1812 : James Shaw, 2^^ miles south of Milton, where Isaac Kinsey lives; John Shaw on the adjoining farm, now owned by Jeremiah W. Swatford ; John Knipe, one mile south-east of town, the farm now owned by Henry Hoover; Reuben Bronson, 2^ miles south-west of Milton, on the farm lately owned by Alfred Hankins. Bronson was an early nur- sery-man.

On the east side of the river, Jacob Boyer settled where now his son Jacob lives. Aaron White, where now his son Richard resides. Isaiah Drury, in 1816, on the farm now owned by Charles H. Moore. Enoch Warman, on the land now owned by Joseph Kimmel, Thomas A. Moore, and David Sutton. Geo. Beeler, on township line ; land now owned by Wm. Beeler. VVm. G. Reynolds, on laud lately owned by Samuel Jacobs. Jacob Oldacre, where Mr. Sowerboer lives. Joseph Swaiiord where David Hibbel resides. Wm. SwaiFord, on the laud now owned by Wm. Kimmel. Jacob Kimmel settled early 2 miles east of Milton ; lands now owned by his sons William and George and the heirs of Jacob Kimmel. Abraham Schock, on laud now owned by David Sutton and Benj. Conover's heirs. John Conover, a mile south-east of town ; land now owned by Sarah A. Wilson and John Brown. Joseph Hol- lingsworth, on land lately owned by J. Good, where now Robert Cornthwaite lives. Edward Emerson, from Vermont, about 1812, settled where his son Thomas now lives. He served in the war of 1812. His sons, James X., William, and Oliver P., reside in N"ew Boston, 111.

In the valley of Greenes Fork, the following named persons were early settlers : Samuel, Jesse, Levi, and William Willetts, brothers. On the east side, Samuel settled where AVm. Kerlin lives ; Jesse, where Peter Wisler lives ; on the west side, Levi, where Caleb Lewis lately lived ; and William, on the land now owned by P. Schloniger, and occupied by Ging- rich. William and Levi died on their farms. Levi was an early justice of the peace. Jesse was in 1829, and for several years after, a county commissioner. He removed to Xew Boston, Mercer Co., 111., and died there, at the age of QO years. Elisha, his son, lives near where his father settled ;

318 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

l^elson, son of Elisha, three-fourths of a mile south. J. B. and I. B. "Willetts, son of Eli, a brother of Elisha, reside on the west side; and adjoining them on the west, Solomon Reese settled where he died; land now owned by Wm. Vanbuskirk. Caleb Lewis, mentioned above, had been a member of the legis- lature. His land is owned by his heirs. Thomas Mar- latt settled on the east side, where his son Harrison lives, and has latterly removed to near the mouth of the Fork, and lives with his son Albert. Of his other four sons, James lives on the west side of the stream, where Wm. Swaftbrd early settled; Thomas has removed to New Boston, HI., and is a United Brethren preacher; Washington, to Manhattan, Kansas, a Methodist minister; Abraham l!^., a Methodist minister, at Rushville. His four daughters are: Rebecca, wife of Washington Wolf, and Evaliue, wife of Solomon Wolf, who reside at 'New Boston, 111. ; Mary, wife of Elihu Cecil, at Smithfield, Ind. ; and Ellen, wife of Jacob Walker, at JSTewcastle. Conover settled on the east side, on land now owned by his William.

In 1820, Wm. McGrew settled on the west side of Green's Fork, on land now owned by Dietz. [Sk.]

In the north-east part of the township, Joshua Lamott and Thomas Kelly own nearly a whole section ; hrst owner not ascertained. Abraham Hathawa}^ settled on the land now owned by his son McCarty and other heirs. Henry Hart- man settled where he still lives. David Smith, wdiere A. J. Smith resides.

Along the valley of Poland's Fork were the following : East side, Wm, Beeson, where Stephen Crow now is. Philip Burris, on land now owned by L. M. Jones and T. and [N". Burris. Moses ISTethercutt, on land now owned by Philip Jenkins. Rudolf Waymire, on land owned by Samuel Clevinger, of Abington. David Waymire, south of Rudolf, on land owned by John Little. The north half of section 16, [school lot,] lying principally west side of the Fork, was sold to Dickson Hurst, and is now owned by Charles N\ McGrew and Morgan Williams ; the south half to John Doddridge, now owned by his sons, Philip and Isaac.

WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 319

A large portion of the south-east part of the township was early settled, and is still owned, by the Doddridge, Hurst, and Jenkins families. John Doddridge, from Pa., settled in 1814, on the east side of the Fork, where his widow, Avis Doddridge, still resides, with her son David, on the east line of the township. Their sons are Isaac, Philip, John, and David. Their daughters were Phebe, wife of James Baker, who lives in Illinois; Eliza, wife of Wm. Ream; Sarah, wife of John T. McMnllen, a Methodist minister; and Xancy, who married Frank AIcAluUen, and resides in ^Missouri. Eliza and Sarah are both deceased. Two or three children of John Doddridge died young. Isaac, Philip, and David re- side in the township. David Jenkins, a brother-in-law of John Doddridge, in 1814, settled on the section south of Doddridge's, where he died. The land is now owned by his son Isaac, and Benj. Pierce, son-in-huv of David Jenkins. Dickson Hurst, in or about 1820, settled on the county line, near the Fork, east side; the land now owiied b}' his son-in- law, Henry Sweet; afterward removed to where Isaac Dod- dridge now^ lives, and died there in 1858. His children were Lucinda, wife of Henry Sweet; Marj^ Ann, wife of Wm. A. Rifner, of Henry county; "William, east side of the Fork; Melinda, wife of Charles IST. McGrew; Alfred, who lives in Iowa. John Hurst settled where Gilbert Thomas lives. His sons were, Benedict, who is dead ; Sanford, in the south-east corner of the township; John M., w^est side of the Fork; land now owned by his heirs ; Dickson, deceased ; and Elijah, wdio settled on the west side of the Fork; Isaac, who moved to Flat Pock; Bennett, who died in Madison county. His daughters were, Sylvia, wife of Robert Watt, who lives east of the creek; Cjmthia, wife of Joseph Howard, who lived where Thomas Marlatt now lives — both dead ; Mary Ellen, wife of John Orr, of Connersville. Mr. Hurst had other daughters.

On the east side of Whitewater river, below the mouth of Green's Fork, were Jacob Grewell, a very early settler, where James Ely lives, on the township line ; Robert Diever, on land now owned by Henry Eliason; James MeLane, where John IloUiugsworth lately lived ; land now^ owned by the

320 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

heirs of John M. Hurst. James Hannah settled on land now- owned by Isaac Doddridge. His sous were Samuel; [Sk.] Abraham, who is said to have been an early teacher ; Hugh L., who owned the old homestead, and died there in 1860 ; and William, a laAvyer at Laporte. Fernandes, son of Hugh L., has removed to Chicago. Peter Wisler, after a residence of ten or more years in Jackson, near Germantown, settled where he now resides. Two of his sons, David and Peter, live with him on the farm. His other sons are Rudolf, who lives south of Milton ; Jacob, at Shields ville, in Hamilton county; and John, at New Lisbon, Henry county.

On the vjest side of the river, Joseph Lower settled early where his daughter, widow Clark, resides. Benj. Harvey, 2 miles south-east of Milton, where his son John lives. John Kinley, on the land now owned by his son, John W. Kinley. Thomas Hardin, where Mark D. Beeson lives.

The first grist-ynill in the township was built by Thomas Symonds in 1814, a mile north of Milton. It was afterward owned, successively, by Mordecai Mendenhall, Jacob Schock, Joseph Stubbs, and others ; and a mill was continued there until about twelve or fifteen years ago. One is also said to have been built by Samuel Shortridge, on Green's Fork, 4 miles east of Milton. A saw-mill was afterward built there, and one of each has been continued to the present time. They came early into the hands of Jacob CruU, and are now owned by Gideon Zaner. John and Christopher Miller, about the year 1820, built a grist-mill on Green's Fork, 4 miles below Milton. Neither remains. Jesse Brewer, about 1830, built on Green's Fork, 3 miles south-east of Milton, a grist-mill which w^as burned, and not rebuilt. The next mill in the township is believed to be the " river mill," at Milton, built by Jacob Sinks. It has since passed through the hands, successively, of Daniel Sinks, Swaflbrd, Kimmel & Co., John Iioss,-Levin Warren, and Jonathan Petty, to Wm. H. Moore, its present proprietor. This mill has the capacity to manu- facture 100 barrels in twenty-four hours. The Canal Mill ^vas built in 1846 by Jonathan Macy, Henry Izor, and Daniel Sinks. Milton Iliatt soon bought the interest of Sinks. In 1852, it passed to Lewis B. Morrison, Thomas Newby, and

AVASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 321

Hemy Izor. In 1854, Izor sold out, since which time it has passed through the firms of Morris, Myers & Co., and several others, into the hands of its present proprietors, Bozier & Carr. Its capacity is 150 barrels in twenty-four hours.

There was a Saw-mill at the grist-mill of the Millers; and one was built at the river mill, which still runs. A water saw- mill was built about forty years ago by Samuel Cummack, at the mouth of Green's Fork, and did a pretty large business. Another was built about twenty years ago by Samuel Stokes, as some say, and owned also by G-eorge Boden, a mile north of Milton, and afterward converted into a steam mill. It has since been removed to Beeson's Station, where it is run b}' a portable engine, and is owned by Nathan H. Cummack.

A Carding llachine, said to have been the first in the town- ship, was built by Jonathan Hunt, about the year 1828, a mile north of Milton, and was continued many years. A carding machine was put up also in the north-east part of the town- ship, on Green's Fork, by Williams Petty, as is supposed, to which cloth-dressing machinery was added by Fish & Venable. On this site, Edward Wagoner has at present a saw-mill, a clover huller, and other machinery. Samuel Cummack built a carding machine and fulling mill near his saw-mill. Some ten or twelve years afterward, it was changed to a woolen fac- tory, and run by him a number of years, and removed by N"athan II. Cummack to Milton. It was much improved and enlarged, and conducted by a manufacturing company, and took the name of 31iUoii Woolen 3Iills. The proprietors, in 1866, were Nathan II. Cummack and John Ilollingsworth. In 1868, Caleb J. Morris became a partner. In 1869, Cummack retired, and George W. Callaway and Richard Wallace & Co. came in ; and the association took the name of 31ilton Woolen Ilill Company. In December, 1869, Ilollingsworth sold his interest to Richard White. Two sets of machinery are em- ployed in the manufacture of cassimeres, plain and f)]aid jeans, satinets, plain and plaid flannels, blankets, and stocking yarn. Attached is a, knitting factory for making ladies and gentlemen's hose. Sales annually about §60,000.

Hoosier Drill Manufactory. — Joseph Ingels, patentee of the Hoosier Drill, commenced the manufacture in 1859, by horse 24

322 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

power, and made the first year 25. In 1867, a stock company was formed, composed of Isaac Kinsey, Alexander Jones, and Aaron Morris, l>y whom the business is still continued. Joseph Ingels is general agent for the company. They manufacture one and two-horse wheat drills, corn drills, and double-shovel iron cultivators. They give employment to between '40 and 50 hands; and their annual sales have averaged for the last four years, about $114,000.

Thomas Reagan kept the first Store in the town, one block north of the main corner, the year not remembered; probably soon after the town was laid out, which was done in 1824. Samuel Pierce commenced soon after on the opposite [west] side of Main street. John Wright & Son, it is believed, next opened a store on the corner where now John Brown & Son trade; and after them, Joshua Willetts and James Antrim, in partnership. Elijah CofUn commenced in 1829. Among the numerous firms since that time, and down to 1845, were the following; the order and dates of their establishment respect- ively are not remembered: John Talbot, Moore & Hiatt, Elliott, Hannah & Meredith, Sinks & Talbot, E. P. & H. Jus- tice, Mary & Sarah Roberts, Jesse Hiatt, ^ Hopkins & Hiatt, Benj, Elmer, Shipley L. Foulke. Present merchants: Dry Goods — Jones & (Iresh, Warren & Myers, Richard Wallace & Co., and Milton Woolen Mills Company. Grocers — John Brown & Son, Michael, Jones & Gresh [Morgan Michael, Franklin Jones, Henry Gresh.]

David G. Kern established a Drug Store in 1844, and has con- tinued it until the present time. Another has been established the present year by Dr. Joel Pennington,

Dr. Joel Pennington, the first resident Physician in the town- ship, settled in Milton, in 1825, and is still there in practice with Isaac F. Swainey as a partner. Other present practicing physicians are Benj. F. Witmer, and Allison B. Bradbury.

Wm. Harris, Samuel Walker, and Jacob Y , were early

blacksmiths in Milton. Enoch Maudlin, George Wirick, Wm. B. Unthank, and Richard J. Hubbard, early carpenters. Joel and Mordecai Hiatt and Charles H. Moore were early saddlers and harness makers. Early tailors — John Conrad, Harvey P. Irvin, Wm. Williams. Henry J. and David G. Kern, from

WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. oZ-J

Pa., came to Milton in 1839, and commenced the tailoring business. In 1844, David retired, and commenced the (h-ng business, as above stated. Heurj still continues the business of merchant tailor. Enocli Maudlin and Cliarles "Wright were early loac/on-makers ; the present are I^eter AYarren and Wm. Ferris. First sJioemakcrs— John jNIaze, Simeon Hubbard; the present, John D. AYallis, Elias Moore, Jacob Noll, Adam F. Spangler.

The first ReUgious Society in the township was formed by the Friends at Milford, a half mile north of Milton, about the year 1819, called the Milford llcefinr/. Some of its members resided in Jackson township. Meetings were first held in a log house. Among their early members were Thomas Symonds, Jonathan Justice, John Kinley, John Bell, Aaron Morris, Matthew Symonds, Silas Iliatt, Henry Thornburg ; and later, Mordecai Hiatt, Benajah Hiatt, Aaron White, Charles H. Moore, Richard J. Hubbard. A few years after the formation of their society, they built a frame house, where their meetings have been held to the present time. Among their early preachers have been John Kinley, Benajah Hiatt, Margaret White, Annie Moore, Benj. Fulghum, Louisa, his wdfe, and John Miles.

In 1828, a separation of the Milford Meeting took place ; and those known as Ilicksites formcil a new society, Avhich also w^as called Milford Electing, and built a frame house in the lower part of the town of Milton. Their early members w^ere Matthew Symonds, Aaron Morris, John Morris, Henrj- Thorn- burg, John Ferris, Jonath;in Justice, Silas Hiatt, Bethuel Coffin, Daniel and Isaac Whitely, and others.

The Methodists [Episcopal] are said to have formed a society about the 3'ear 1820, and built a log meeting-house 7 miles south-east from Milton. It is probable, however, that a class was formed there several years earlier. Among the early members of this church w-ere Philip Doddridge, John Dod- dridge, John Spahr, and their wives, Joseph Lower, Joseph Williams, Thomas Beard, David Waymire ; also, Michael Helm and his Avife, John Henwood, and Isaac Weekly and their wives.

About the year 1825, for the accommodatiou of the mem-

324 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY. '^

bers of the above society residing near its western bounds, they built a hewed log house about 5 miles below Milton on the west side of the river. Some twelve or more years after, they built on Lower's land a frame house, called Lower's Chapel, which has since been named Havens Chai^el, probably in honor of James Havens, an early Methodist minister in this part of the state. Among their members were Joseph Lower, Alexander Walters, John Elliott.

James Havens, John Burns, Elijah Whitten, Benj. Lawrence, A. W. Elliott, and John Strange are remembered as among the early Methodist preachers. The last named is believed to have labored here as early as 1812.

About the year 1846, a Methodist Church was formed in Milton. John W. Sullivan, an early preacher, formed the class, of which Thomas D. Axe, James Swafibrd, Grandy Bell, Linteu, and their wives, and John Walker, were mem- bers; John Zell, Alexander Jones, Joshua Gresh, and Peter Warren and their wives, a few years later. Dr. John Bell and John Zell formed the lirst Sabbath school in the town. Mr. Zell was from the time of its formation for many years its superintendent. Among the preachers of this society have been Stiver, Seth Smith, Eliphaz Miller. Their first meet- ing-house, a frame building, in the west part of the town, was built about the year 1846.

Franklin Church, about 2| miles east from Milton, was organ- ized June 27, 1840, some of whose members had belonged to a society called "Newlights." The following named persons are believed to have been members at, or soon after the organ- ization: Wm. G. Reynolds, Caleb Lewis, Wm. McGrew, Wra. Swafford, and their families ; Mary Wharton, wife of Richard Wharton, and their children ; Jacob Boughner, Jacob and Amos H. Oldake, Wm. Kerlin, and their wives ; Jane, Ruth, and Mary Willetts, and Eli Willetts' wife. Officers — Wm. G. Reynolds, elder; Milton Reynolds, Wm. Kerlin, deacons; Caleb Lewis, standing clerk. Daniel Winder, first preacher; next, A. Harlan, Samuel K. Hoshour.

The United Brethren have a church in the north-east corner of the township. The date of its organization and the names of its early members are not ascertained.

^

WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 325

The Town of Miltoyi was laid out by John Bell as proprietor, and the plat and description recorded July 5, 1824. A num- ber of additions were made by the following named persons: Thomas Symouds, Benajah Hiatt, Jonathan Justice, Elijah Coffin, the date not ascertained. Thomas Symonds and others, Dec. 5, 1825, and March 31, 1827. Jonathan Justice, July 6, 1829. Jacob Sinks, July 3, 1838. Jonathan Justice laid out another, Oct. 6, 1838, which was recorded March 23, 1839. James Brown, Feb. 8, 1847 ; recorded Feb. 16, 1847.

Biographical and Genealogical.

Thomas Beard, a brother of John, Patrick, and Jesse Beard, elsewhere noticed, was born in Randolph Co., N. C, and came to this county in the fall of 1811, and settled on the west side of Whitewater river, about a mile below the mouth of Green's Fork, in what is now Washington township, on a farm now owned by Bezaleel Beesou. He was one of the first few set- tlers within the present limits of the township, and had a thorough experience of pioneer life. He "cut his way" for his team from where Abington now is, through the wilderness. He had not been long at his new home when the Indian alarms commenced. He received a visit from Judge Martin, Samuel Jobe, and Isaac Dyer, who came to warn him and his neigh- bors, who had increased to the number of about half a dozen, of tlieir danger, and advised them to leave immediately, or to " fort." Mr. Beard, unwilling to remove his effects, or to leave them exposed, resolved to remain. Four of the six, however, determined to leave. The three men went home, and returned with ten or twelve others, with guns and rifles, to assist in building a fort. The cabin of Mr. Beard was taken into the inclosure, in which three block-houses were built. The three families were crowded into this single cabin. This fort was afterward adopted as one of those in which the government kept small garrisons. This fort was never attacked ; but near tbe fort next below, two young men were shot down, and although but about one hundred yards from tlie fort, they were scalped before the Indians could be driven off by the pickets. Mr. Beard was a member of the first board of county commissioners elected in the county. They met at Salisbury

326 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

in February, 1817. He resided on his farm where he first settled until his death. He had eight chiklren, the eldest of whom was an only son, John, the subject of the following notice.

John Beard, sou of Thomas Beard, came with his father from North Carolina, where he was born Jan. 4, 1795. In the spring of 1816, three months after he attained his majority, he cast his first ballot for delegates to the convention that framed the first constitution of the state. He was a few years after, though 3'Oung, elected a justice of the peace. There being little litigation, his official business was chiefly the posting of stray horses, and in the absence of the minister, marrying some of the young people, with whom, being himself young, he was rather a favorite. For this service no charge was ever made nor fee received. There having been for several years an unusual amount of sickness, from which his family had greatly suftered, and hoping to find a more healthful locality, he fol- lowed some of his friends to Montgomery county, and settled, in the fall of 1823, near Crawfordsville, a new" town just laid out, where he still resides. In 1827, he was elected a repre- sentative from that county in the legislature, and, with a single exception, was continued in one or the other branch, for fifteen consecutive years, most of the time in the senate. Of all the members with whom he served the first term, but one besides himself is now living; and he is a citizen of Wayne county — John Jones, of Center township. He attained a high reputa- tion as a legislator. Bills for the abolition of imprisonment for debt; liberal exemptions of property from liability to exe- cution ; investing the governor with power to commute capital punishment for imprisonment for life, and the free school sys- tem received his active and efficient support. He rendered very eftective service in the passage of the bill for the con- struction of the Wabash and Erie Canal. The most formid- able opposition to this measure came from James Rariden, a representative from Wayne county ; the other two members, Wm. Elliott and John Finley, being friendly to the measure. In 1833, Mr. B. being then in the senate, a bill to incorporate a state bank had passed the house, and was sent to the senate. The great loss sustained by the general government from the old State Bank at Vincennes with her branches, induced Mr.

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WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 327

Beard and other senators to oppose it ; and it was defeated by a single vote. But believing that the people were determined on having a bank, he ofi'ered a resolution, which was passed, providing for the report, at the next session, of a plan designed more effectually to secure the public against loss. The meas- ure was a complete success. The advantages to the people of this state of that institution are w^ell remembered by the oldest citizens of the state.

In 1841, Mr. Beard was appointed by President Harrison to the office of Receiver of Public Moneys at the land-office at Crawfordsville ; in consecpience of which, he resigned his office of senator two years before the expiration of the term. He held the office until after the accession of Mr. Van Buren to the presidency; and in 1846 he was returned to the senate. The remainder of his legislative career was no less successful than the former part had been. Several measures of great public importance adopted during his last term in the senate, w^ere largely indebted for tJK^ir success to the influence which he had acquired in that body. Although ■Mr. Beard many years ago ceased to be a resident of the county, he is remem- bered and esteemed by many of its old citizens — some of them his associates in the legislature. This fact, together with that of his having been one of the earliest settlers of the county, for which he still entertains a warm regard, seems to justify a com- pliance with the expressed wishes of his old friends that his name be given a conspicuous place in our county's history.

Benjamin Beeson was born in Guilford county, 5^. C. lie was married to Dorcas Starbuck ; and in 1814 he settled in "Washington township, 3 miles south of Milton, on the farm on which he resided until his death in 1852, and on which his son, Benj. Franklin, now resides. He was an earl3\justice of the peace. The following are the names of his children, the first two of whom were born in Carolina : 1. Bczaleel, who mar- ried, first, Anna IIoo\'er, and had four children, three now living ; married, second, Phebe Bobbs, who has a son. 2. 0th- niel. [Sk.] 3. TenipUion, who resides near the line of the township, in Fayette county. 4, 5. Dclil'ih and lu'.r/nl, who died leaving families. 6. Gididma, married, and lives in Hamilt(m county. 7. Benjamin F., living on the homestead.

328 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

8. Amanda M.^ who married Thomas Emerson, and is dead.

9. Marcus D., who lives in the township. 10. Charles G.,who died at 21. Mrs. Dorcas, widow of Benj. Beeson, lives with her son, Benjamin F.

Othniel Beeson, son of Benjamin, was born in North Carolina, May 7, 1813, and came, when young, with his father's family to Washington township, in which he has re- sided until the present time. He was in 1838 elected a justice of the peace; in 1850, a delegate to the constitutional con- vention; in 1858, a state senator for 4 years; re-elected in 1862, and again in 1870. He married in Washington, Eliza- beth Whissler. Their children are, Monford G., who mar- ried Louisa Harvey, and resides in the south-west part of the township ; Helena ; Barbara, who married Franklin Y. Thomas, of Posey, Fayette county ; Amanda N.

Benajah Hiatt, second son of Wm. Hiatt, was born in North Carolina, and was married to Elizabeth White. In 1824 he removed to this county, and settled near Milton. He was the first saddler in the township, and had a shop in a part of his dwelling. After a few years, he devoted his attention wholly to farming. He had 6 children, who settled in this county: 1. Naomi, wife of Elijah Coffin. 2. llordecai, who married Rhoda Dicks, in N. C. ; removed to Milton in 1827, commenced business as a saddler, and continued it about 25 years, when he removed to his farm near town, which he conducted about 16 years ; and in 1868 removed to Richmond, where he now resides. He had 9 children, besides 3 who died in infancy and childhood: Elizabeth D., wife of Samuel F. Fletcher, in Richmond. Benajah W., who married Martha Ann Wilson, and lives in Kansas. Semina, wife of Dr. Wm. P. Waring, Richmond. Martha W., wife of Joshua Moffitt, Thorntown, Ind. Jesse D., who married Louisa Woodward, and moved to Springdale, Kansas. Wm. J., who married Eliza Smith, of Indianapolis, and is a merchant in Richmond. Francis Henry, unmarried; resides at Springville, Kansas. 3. Anna, second daughter of Benajah Hiatt, married Eli Unthank ; they live at Spiceland. 4. Jo/i?i, who married Re- becca Unthank; they live at Spiceland. 5. Esther G., wife of Joseph Dickinson, both living and residing in Richmond.

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WASHINGTON TOWNSHIP. 329

6. Hannah F., wife of Charles Dickinson, brother of Joseph, and lives at Spiceland.

William Hiatt, who remained in North Carolina, had 9 children who reached mature age, all of whom, except one, came to this county: 1. Prudcnre, wife of James Stanley, w])0 settled in Ohio, both still living, aged about 92. 2. Joel, who settled at Milton, about 1827. His son, Allen, came in 1824 or 1825; was first a potter, afterward a merchant at Knightstown and at Anderson a few years, and for many years at Milton, of the firms of Moore & Hiatt, and Hopkins and Hiatt. Isom, another of his sons, removed west. 3. Benajah, subject of the foregoing sketch. 4. Rachel, wife of Wm. Kersey, who settled south of Dublin, now in Washington township. A son, Vier- ling Kersey, is a physician in Richmond. Another son, also a physician, resides 3 miles east of Richmond, and is also a farmer. 5. Silas, who married Anna Clarj^ and settled one mile south- west of Milton, and died at Milton. 6. Isoyn, married, and lives in Ohio. 7. Esther, wife of Jesse Evans, both living 2 miles west of Richmond. 8. Amor, who married Achsah Wil- lis and lives in Hamilton county. 9. Rebecca, wife of Wm. Unthank, Spiceland.

Jesse Hiatt, son of Eleazar Hiatt, came, when young, with his father, from North Carolina to Ohio in 1815, and thence to Richmond in the winter of 1818-19. He was for about five years a clerk in the store of Hiatt & Moore, in Milton, and, in 1840, commenced trade for himself, and continued until 1860. In 1861 he removed to Dublin, where he is still in business with his son, Wm. F. He married Margaret Ann Fletcher. He has four children: William F., who married Frances M.Lawrence, daughter of Edmund Lawrence, formerly a county commis- sioner and a member of the legislature. Charles E., who married Ella Pike, and is on a farm in Henry county, adjoin- ing Jackson. Frank F.,at Earlham College, and Sarah Anna, aged 11 years.

Richard J. Hubbard, son of Jeremiah Hubbard, was born in North Carolina, and was married to Sarah Swain, Novem- ber 26, 1826, and in the fall of 1828, removed to Milton, where he now resides. He is by trade a carpenter. He has taken an active interest in political affairs. About the year 1834, he was elected a representative in the state legislature, and re-

330 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

elected at the next three successive elections. He belonged to the Whig party; hut in 1848 joined the Free Soil party in support of Martin Van Buren and Charles F. Adams, the presidential nominees of the Buffalo convention, by which party he was nominated as a candidate for Congress. He has had a life-long connection with the society of Friends. He had twelve children, five sons and seven daughters, none of whom died until nearly full grown; and nearly all of them attained to manhood and womanhood. Four of his sons served in the late Union army, two of whom died as veterans in the service. Mr. Hubbard has a brother at Newcastle, But- ler Hubbard, late recorder of Henry county, and two sisters and a daughter who are ministers iu the society of Friends. He has a second wife.

William McGrew, a native of Kentucky, moved from Ohio, and settled about 1814 four miles east from Milton. He was a soldier under General Harrison in the war of 1812. He died of cholera, in Iowa, in 1851, while on a visit, with his wife, to their children in that state. Their children were : 1. Lewis, who married Ann Highfield, removed to Iowa, and died there. 2. Isabella, wife of Charles Myers; both deceased. 3. John, married, and resides at Muscatine. 4. Polly, wife of John Scott, who is dead; she resides at Carmel, Hamilton county. 5. Rachel, wife of B. Scott, and died in Illinois. 6. Charles, who married Melinda Hurst, and lives about 5 miles south-east from Milton. 7. Elizabeth, wife of Dr. Whitmer, of Milton. 8. Melinda, wife of Jonathan Fertish, Carmel. 9. Letitia, wife of James Morris, Upland. 10. James B. married Huldah A. Welliver, and is postmaster, Dublin. 11. Hannah, wife of John Ewing, Wabash. 12. Lindsey married Sarah Zell, and lives in Milton.

Charles H. Moore was born October 24, 1806, in Person county, N. C, and at the age of 10 years removed to Guilford county. In 1829, he removed to Milton, and engaged in the saddle and harness making business. In 1834, in company with Joel Hiatt, he went into the dry goods trade and the saddling business, in which they continued until 1841, since which time he has lived on his farm half a mile east of town. He is an esteemed citizen and an exemplary member of the society of Friends. In 1839, he married Marcia White,

WAYNE TOWNSHIP. ,331

daughter of Aaron White. Their cliildren, besides one who died in infancy, are: Thomas Albert, Mary Anne, Morris Henry, Deborah W., Elizabeth W., Marcia F.

Joel Pennington was born in Huntingdon county, Pa., February 11, 1709. He removed to Springboro', Ohio, in 1818, where he married Ann jMatthews, September 8, 1820. He studied medicine at Springboro' and Centerville ; took his first course of lectures in 1832 or 1833, and graduated at Ohio Medical College in 1847. He settled at Milton in Octo- ber, 1825, where he has practiced his profession with success for forty-six years. He has probably had a longer practice in the county than any other physician now living. Both as a professional man and as a citizen, he has ever enjo^'ed the confidence and esteem of the community.

WAYNE TOWNSHIP.

Wayne was one of the six townships formed after the adoption of the first state constitution. It probably con- tained about one-sixth part of the territory of the county. In forming Union county, in 1819, the greater part of Harri- son was taken into that county, and the remainder was after- ward annexed to AVayne township. By the formation of Boston and Abington, Wayne was reduced to its present dimensions. It is 7 miles wide on its south line, and al)0ut 6| miles on its north line, and is 8 miles in length, north and south, making an area of a little less than 55 square miles. It is watered, mainly, by the Whitewater river and its three branches, or forks. East Fork enters it centrally on its east line ; Middle Fork near the north-east corner, and the two joining about half a mile above the city. The AVest Fork, I'rom Randolph county, enters the township directly north from Richmond, and unites with the AVhite water just above the railroad brido-e. The Elkhorn, from Ohio, crosses tlie south-cast corner of the township. Short creek, a snudl stream, running a south-westerly direction, enters the W hite- water near the south line of the township. Lick creek, run-

332 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

ning south nearly the whole length of the township near its west line, empties into the Whitewater near the corner of Abington township.

Most of the earlier inhabitants of this county settled within the present limits of Wayne township; and as the names of the greater portion of them have been given in our history of the early settlements, few of them will be repeated here.

Thomas Roberts, from North Carolina, settled on land now adjoining the city of Richmond, where he died, leaving the homestead in possession of his youngest son, Jonathan, who still resides on it. Walter, another son, in 1816, one mile west of Dover, where he now resides.

Benjamin Kirk and his son Isaiah resided on lands now owned by David Railsback. A part of them has been sold in small parcels and improved, and is known as "Linden Hills.-"

Samuel Cook, a native of S. C, settled about the year 1828, on the place where Mark E. Reeves resides, near Richmond, and died in 1839, aged 66, on the place now occupied by his son Elisha. '

Wm. Harvey, from IST. C, a single man, came early, and worked by the day for farmers. After a few years he mar- ried a daughter of Samuel Charles, and settled on the farm where he now resides, 2 miles south-east from Richmond. Gasper Koons, of German descent, settled about 2| miles south-east of the city ; the land now owned by his heirs. He died in 1820, aged 61 years.

Josiah Moore, from Ohio in 1816, purchased a farm of John McLane, where he resided many years, sold his farm, removed to Richmond, where his wife died, and a few years after, himself also, at an advanced age. Solomon Horney, Sen., from N. C, in 1814, lived on the farm near which he entered, until his decease in 1865, about IJ miles south-east from Richmond. Robert Chapman was an early settler; bought a farm near the present Water Cure establishment, where he died in 1850, and where his son George lately re- sided.

Micajah Henley, from IST. C, in 1812, settled on the farm now owned by his son Samuel, 2 miles south-east of Rich-

WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 333

mond, where he died in 1857, aged 72 years. His children were Mary, John, Rebecca, ISTaomi, Martha (deceased), wife of Joseph E. Strattan, Samuel, Henry, Gnlielnia, who married Mordecai Parry, and died in 1849. John Pool, from X. C, settled in 1808 Avhore Phineas Mather lives, 2 miles east from Richmond. He died May 26, 1865, aged about 88 years. He had ten children; only three now living.

Michael Harvey, in 1809, where Xathan Hawkins lives near Richmond. His son Thomas lives near Dover. Samuel "Walker, from Ivy., where is now the Bellevue Water Cure. Wm. Scarce, from Ky., on the quarter where his son Jona- than and Elias Edwards live. Samuel Heritage, on land bought by Wm. Edwards, now owned by Isaac Lamb. The school section [16] on the township south line, was sold to Daniel Odell, David Scarce, Samuel Scarce, Alexander Grimes; present owners, I. Mellender, Anthony Grimes, Solomon Miller, David Scarce's heirs, Christopher Davidson, and others.

In the south-east part of the township Thomas Bulla, from IST. C, settled in 1806, on the Elkhorn ; land now owned by Hiram Bidla. [Sk.] He also bought lands adjoining, now owned by John W. Raper and Samuel Irwin. Wm. Pouts,- who came with Bulla, settled on land adjoining the Ohio line, afterward sold to Samuel Shute, and now owned by his sou Aaron Shute. Jacob Pouts, Sen., on land now owned by Charles Shute's heirs. Jacob Pouts, Jun., settled at the Palls of Short Creek; land now owned by AVm. Elliott. Pouts re- moved to Illinois, and is still living. Samuel Smith and Jacob Smith, near the Elkhorn ; the former died about 1850, the lat- ter in 1857.

Aaron Brown, from ]S". J., settled early near the Smiths; was a successful farmer, and reared a large family. Advanced in years, and having lost his wife, he quit farming, removed to Richmond, and kept house with a daughter a few years. He was found dead in his cistern. Benj. B. Moore, also from IST. J., came in 1818, with a grown family, and had a iarin and a saw-mill on Short Creek, where he died in 1850. The land, on which there is a saw-mill, is now owned by Wm. Elliott. His children were Ira, Matilda, and Chalkley. Ira lives 4 miles

334 HISTORY OP WAYNE COUNTY.

east of Richmond, and his son Benjamin on land adjoining, south. John Fryer, where Samuel Fryer lives. Jonathan Edwards, where Wm. M. Roberts now resides.

Nathaniel McClure, Sen., settled early on land now owned by his heirs and Judge Holland. jSTathaniel McClure, Jun., on the south line; land now owned by his heirs. James East and Widow Davidson bought the quarter now owned by George Grimes' heirs. John Dugan, Sen., the quarter, a part of which is owned by Charles Paully, the other part occupied by Joseph Brown. Mark Kirby, from Del., settled, in 1829, 3 miles south-east from Richmond, where the widow of bis son Edward lives. Samuel Holmes settled on the land now owned by Walker Holmes, 2| miles south-east from Richmond. E"athan Small settled where S. Kirby lives. Wra. Edwards and Benj. Small on the land now owned by C. Hageman, 4 miles south-east from Richmond. James Brown and John Walker settled on the lands now owned by Ira Moore and his son Benjamin, on the east line of the township.

Further north, and east of Richmond, Samuel Morris, (not the first owner,) settled on the quarter now owned by H. L. Wetheral and Benj. Lloyd. The farms earlj^ owned by Amos Hawkins, James Alexander, and Stephen Thomas, are now owned by David Sands, who came, when a boy, with his father, from the South, and lived about Whitewater, penniless, without education, and was for a time a common teamster. The old homestead of Robert Hill was many 3'ears ago in the hands of Amos Clawson, where he kept a tavern, sign of " Green Tree," now owned by Andrew F. Scott, of Richmond. Joseph W^iite settled near the Ohio line, where he died in 1868. He owned other lands near, which are owned by his heirs. His widow resides on the homestead.

In the north-east part of the township, Jesse Clark, from IST. C, in 1814, settled 3 miles north-east from Richmond, and died in 1822, He built a fulling-mill, probably the first in the county. His son Elwood lives 4 miles north-east from Rich-^ mond; a daughter, Gulielma, in Leavenworth, Kansas. James Moore, a native of Georgia, from Ohio in 1817, settled 2J miles north-east of Richmond, where he still resides. Jona- than, Enos, Jacob, and N'athan Grave, from Del., settled in

AVAYNE TOWNSHIP. 335

1816 near and south of ]\[i(ldleborouoh. [See tlic Grave Family.] Joseph Srra\vhri(lq'e, from Pa., where his son Tliomas CUirkson lives, 3 miles north-east from l-iiclimond.

Samuel E. Iredell, from Philadelphia, in 1835 came to Rich- mond, where he died in 1865. llis sons John and Samuel re- side about 4 miles north-east from Richmond.

Seth Cook, from Carolina, settled 2 miles south from Mid- dleboro', near where his son Elijah Cook and R. Commons re- side. Harvey Cook, son of Amos Cook, next nortli of Elijah Cook. Amos is a brother of Elias. AVm. Bond settled on and near the lands, a mile below Middleboro", now owned by James F. Iverlin, Hugh Moffitt, and E. Jeifeis. AVm. Brown, where Joel Railsback resides, 2h miles north of Richmond. Abner Clawson, where Elihu Williams lives. Josiah Clawson, on land now owned l)y Hugh Moffitt and M. ^Vessels, 2h miles north-east from Richmond.

In the north part of the township), John Morrow resides on the north line; he is a son of John Morrow, who settled near Richmond in 1818, and died in 1825, aged about 60.

John Hiatt, from N. C. in 1809, settled near the township north line, and died in 1825. His son Riley resides near Ches- ter. Paul Starbuck, a native of Mass., from X. C. in 1811, settled where liis son Paul lives, 1 miles north of Richmond. John and Elias are liis sons. Joshua Pickett, from X. C, 3 miles north from Richmond, near where his son Benjamin now resides. Paul Starbuck, a native of Mass., from IST. C. in 1811, settled in the north ]>art of the township, and died in 1815. His son Paul lives 4 miles north of Richmond.

In the north-west part, Jonathan Yotaw, from Ya. in 1817, settled where the Widow Hampton resides. His children : Isaac, who resides 2 miles north-west from Chester, in Xew Garden ; Eunice, wife of Eli Rogers, of Richmond; Eleanor; Jonatljan A'otaw died in 1823, aged about 35 jears. David Hampton, a native of Ya., came to Richmond in 1817; mar- ried in Ohio, in 1818, and settled near where his sons now live, near Votaw station. His children are Lewis, Jacob, Jehiei, Emily, AVilliam, Sarah Ann, John D., Mahlon. Davitl Hamp- ton died in 1855, at the age of ijO. Wni. Kendall, lK)rn in X. C. in 1808, married Abigail, daughter of Michael Weesuer,

336 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

settled one mile north-west of Chester, died 1870. John Jay entered, in the north-west corner of the township, the land on which his grandson J. W. Jay resides.

Thomas H. Shearon and his brothers William, Warner, and Oliver H., settled near the west line, where the first three still reside. [See Sk. of Caleb Shearon.] James P. Reid settled where he now resides, 4 miles north-west from Richmond.

In the west part of the township, George Smith, from South Carolina, settled, in 1809, 2 miles north-west from Richmond, on the land now owned by Levinus King, of Richmond. He was a devout member of the Methodist Church, and an ef- ficient laborer in building up that denomination in this county- He lived the last three years of his life with his youngest son, Rev. Wm. C. Smith, during which time his wife died. He died in Indianapolis in 1857, in his 81st year.

Jesse Evans, born in JST. C, came from Ohio to Richmond in 1822, afterward settled IJ miles from Richmond, where he now resides. Richard Pedrick settled early one mile west of Richmond; sold most of his lands, retaining the homestead, and resides in the city. Wm. Thistlethwaite, in 1830, settled near and west of Richmond. [Sk.] Elisha l!^orris, a native of Md., settled in West Richmond, in 1835, near where he now resides. Thomas Aired, from Ohio, after service in the war of 1812, settled one mile west from Richmond, and died in 1859. His daughter Marian was married to John Duke; Lill Ann, to L. R. Thomas; Mary, to Alfred Hoover. John Wilcoxen, born in Maryland in 1790, came from Ohio to Richmond in 1821; worked in the Morrisson tannery, and now resides half a mile west of the city. Enoch Railsback settled near the west line of the township, on the farm, a part of which was the site of Salisbury, the first county seat.

In the south-ioest part of the towuship, James Black and his son Gwyn, from Ky., settled where Gwyn and his son Albert reside, 2| miles south-west from Richmond. Jeremiah Meek on the river, 2 miles below Richmond, where his son Morton Meek resides. C. Buhl, on land now owned by his heirs.

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WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 337

Biographical ami Genealogical.

John Barnes was born in Trenton, New Jersey, November 10, 1781, and was married in Philadelphia, in 1804, to Eliza- beth Williamson, whence they removed to Berks connty, Penn., where they resided until the year 1825, when they re- moved to Richmond. After residing there about a year, he bought of David Holloway the farm known as the Fleming place, about 3 miles east ffom Richmond, where he resided nearly twenty-three years. Mrs. Barnes died January 1, 1841, in her 61st year. The children of John and Elizabeth Barnes were : 1. Elizabeth W., born February 10, 1805, was married January 4, 1827, to Samuel W. Smith, and died August 23, 1827. 2. 3Iartha B., born March 3, 1807, and died July 21, 1829. 3. Isaac N., born February 8, 1809, resides in St. Louis. 4. Joseph W., born August 13, 1812, and resides in New Orleans. 5. John, born June 10, 1814, and died October 7, 1824. 6. William B., born March 25, 181G, and resides at Davenport, Iowa. 7. George W., born May 1, 1819, and is a merchant in Richmond. 8. Robert, born June 24, 1821 ; died September 6, 1825. John Barnes lived, for the last twelve years of his life, with his son George "W., in Rich- mond, and died May 7, 1863, in his 82d year.

William Baxter was born in England, February 11, 1824; came to this country in 1848, and settled in Philadelphia. He engaged as book-keeper and cashier in a wholesale dry goods store, at §8 a week. By his unusual industry, application, and business capacity, he soon gained the unbounded con- fidence of his employers, and after the short space of eight months, one of the partners retiring from the firm, ottered him a partnership in the wool trade, in which they continued about 15 years; his partner from time to time, unsolicited, increasing his share of the profits until they divided equally. They supplied, chiefly, New England and Germantown man- ufacturers. In 1864, he retired with an ample fortune, the reward of assiduous and careful attention to business. In 1864, he bought of James E. Reeves the farm originally en- tered and settled by John Charles, and afterward owned suc- cessively by Oliver Kinsey, Robert Morrisson, and Mr. 25

66ii HISTORY OF WAYNE COimTY.

Reeves. He has expended on the farm and buildings, a sum nearly equal to the purchase money. About two-thirds of the farm have been thoroughly drained — the drains averaging about 3 feet in depth, and 24 feet apart. He has probably the most convenient arrangements for cooking food for cattle and swine in the state ; and he finds this the most economical way of feeding. As the result of these improvements he has already doubled the products per acre of a large proportion of his farm. His highest ambition is to make a model farm, and by successful experiment to stimulate the farmers of the county to the adoption of improved modes of agriculture. Mr. Baxter, several years before his removal to this place, married Mary Barker, an adopted daughter of Hugh Moffitt, by whom he has six children, five daughters and a sou. He is a member of the society of Friends known as the White- water meeting.

Thomas Bulla was born in Chester county, Pa., April 19, 1780, and while young, emigrated with his father to JSTorth Carolina, in the time of the Revolutionary war. At the age of 19, he married Mary Fonts, by whom he had two children, Lenore and Thomas. In the fall of 1804, he came with his family to Germantown, Ohio, where his father-in-law resided. They crossed the Ohio at Cincinnati, where he saw but three brick houses. In November, 1805, he started with six others in search of land. After ten days' journey and thirty miles travel with a two-horse team through the wilderness, cutting their road from E.iton, twelve miles, they camped half a mile south of where he afterward settled, 5 miles south- east of Richmond, near the south-east corner of Wayne township. Three of them, Jesse Davenport, Jacob Fouts and himself entered their lands. His wife dying in Septem- ber following, he deferred his removal until the last of De- cember, 1806, when, with his two children and a second wife, Susanna Mowery, he resumed house-keeping in his log cabin. Coming so soon after those of the Holman and Rue settle- ment, he and his neighbors were subjected to like privations and hardships. They had to pack their breadstuffs on horse- back from the settlements in Ohio, and take their first crops of grain into that state, a distance of 12 miles, to be ground.

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WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 339

Mr. Bulla had by his second wife 16 children — making in all 18 ; of whom the following passed the age of infancy : 1. Sarah, who married Joel East. They reside in Cass county, Michigan. 2. William, who married, first, Mary Edwards, and settled in Preble county, Ohio ; second, Martha Green. 8. Joseph M. [See Sketch.] 4. John, who married in Preble county, Ohio, and died in Goshen, Elkhart county, Ind. 5. Isaac N., who graduated at the Medical College of Ohio, and died in 1841, at the age of 25. 6. Susan, who married Joseph Matlack, and resides 4 miles north of Richmond. 7, 8. Chris- tina and Nancy, both of whom died in 1841. 9. James, who died at 11. 10. Hiram, who nuirried Elizabeth Staley, of Preble county, Ohio, and lives on the homestead of his father. 11. Mary, who married Edward Shute, and resides in Clark county, 111. 12. Chester, who married Sarah A. Davidson, and resides in Richmond.

In a " Pioneer Sketch " written by Mr. Bulla for the Rich- mond Palladium in 1856, he says, that during the period of his housekeeping, he had lost fifteen members of his family : twelve children, tw^o wives, and his mother. He died in Feb- ruary, 1865.

William Bulla was born in Pennsylvania, and, when young, went to I^orth Carolina. He was there married to Elizabeth, daughter of Andrew Hoover, who was born De- cember 25, 1778. Mr. Bulla was one of the first settlers on Middle Fork, having come with the Hoover family, and settled in the same neighborhood, where he lived 'until his death, July 3, 1862. His wife died March 26, 1857. He was a member of the society of Friends, a friend of universal freedom, whose opposition to slavery was manifested in aid- ing fugitives on their way northward. His children were : 1. Anna, who married Evan Chalfant, and died about 1849, in St. Joseph county. 2. Elizaheth, who was married to Samuel Burgess, and died in 1858. 3. Thomas P., to Hannah Draper, and resides at South Bend. 4. Andrew, an early printer in the county, and one of the editors of the We-Hern Times, published at Centerville, who died, February, 1832, unmarried. 5. James, unmarried, died in 1861, in St. Joseph county, 6. William F., who married Mary Stevenson, and

340 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

resides at South Bend. 7. David H., who married Sarah Cox, and died iu Louisville, August, 1856. 8. Darnel, who married Caroline Clawson, and lives on the homestead, in the house in which he was horn in 1814, and built by his father in 1810. 9. JEcther, living in Richmond, widow of John W. League. 10. Sarah B., residing 2 miles north-west from Rich- mond, widow of David B. Golden. 11. John H., who mar- ried Ann H. Crampton, and lives in Laporte county.

Samuel Charles was born in North Carolina, in 1759 ; settled, in 1812, a mile east of Richmond, where he died in 1849. His children were, Elizabeth, who married John Pool; John, who settled, in 1809, where Wm. Baxter now resides; Sarah, wife of Wm. Harvey; Gulielma, wife of Micajah Hen- ley ; Samuel ; Daniel, who resides in Green ; Abigail, wife of Josiah Bell, at Dublin; Joseph; Nathan, who died on the homestead of his father, in January, 1871, where his widow now resides. Their children now living are "Wilson, Matthew, Sarah, Samuel, Martha. Rebecca died in June, 1870.

Jeremiah Cox, son of Jeremiah Cox, of Richmond, was born in Randolph county, N. C, jSTovember 21, 1790, and came with his father to Whitewater in 1806. He settled in 1812 where he now resides, 6 miles north-east from Richmond. He there early built a grist-mill, and carried on the milling business with that of farming for nearly 50 years. He has been married five times. His first wife was Ruth Andrew, by whom he had eight children : 1. Branson^ who married Catharine Cook, and removed to Mississinewa, where they both died. 2. Elihu, who married Martha Grave, daughter of Jacob Grave. He has been a member of the legislature. 3. Robert, who married, 1st, Elvira Addington ; 2d, Narcissa Way, daughter of the late Dr. Henry H. Way, of Newport, and is a farmer and miller on the old place of his father, and is postmaster. 4. Mary, whose first husband was Isaac Cook. She is now the wife of David Little, who lives at Middle- borough. 5. 3Ia,rgery, who married David Harris, of Ran- dolph county. 6. Abigail, wife of Ammiel Hunt; both died at their residence in Center, he in 1870, aged 49. Their children were Elvira, Jemima, wife of J. W. Jay, Nathan C, Jeremiah, who died in 1868, Oliver H., Eunice E. Mrs.

WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 341

Hunt died in 1857. 7. Jeremiah^ who married, 1st, Keturah Hunt, 2d, Delila Garrotsoii, and resides at -Greenvale, Joe Daviess county, 111. 8. Hannah, who married Elihu Adding- ton, and is not living. J. Cox married for his second wife, Mrs. Jemima Coburn; for his 3d, Hannah Moore ; for his 4th, Mrs. Phebe Allen ; for his 5th, Mrs. Mary W. Doyle.

Grave Families. — Four brothers Grave, from Delaware, in 1816, settled in the north-east part of Wayne township. 1. Jonathan settled on land formerly owned by Tabitha AVhite, adjoining Middleborough, west side, and died about 1824. He had five sons and two daughters. Of these, Allen lives in Minnesota ; David T. died in Richmond, 1869 ; "Warner re- sides on the homestead. Howell, who was engaged at farm- ing in New Garden many j^ears, has been for ten years, and is now, an iron merchant in Richmond. 2. Enos settled about 2 miles south of Jonathan, where Rollin T. Reed now re- sides ; taught school at times, and held the office of county commissioner. He had four sons and two daughters. Kersey Grave, probably the only survivor, resides at the old home of his father. 3. Jacob settled two miles south-east from Jonathan. John Clawson now lives in the old house. Sons of Jacob Grave were, Milton, residence unknown ; Curtis, lately hard- ware merchant in Richmond, and Levi, live in Randolph Co. ; Joseph C.,at Whitewater. Martha, a daugliter, wife of Elihu Cox, and had several daughters. 4. Nathan settled about 2^ miles nearly south of Middleboro', where his son Wm. resides. He had, by his first wife, three sons, and one by his second; namely, Stephen, a farmer in Montgomery Co. ; John L., who died in California; Pasey, now a judge in Kansas, formerly a clerk of the courts ; William, \vho resides on the old home- stead.

John Hawkins, Sen., a native of South Carolina, came from Ohio, 1808, (?) and settled where his grandson iSTathan resides, on the east side of, and adjoining Richmond, and wliere he died in 1816. He had three sons : Amos, John, and William; and seven daughters. Of his sons, onl}' John and William settled in the county — William, where Cambridge City now is ; and John, in Wa}' ne township.

John Hawkins, son of John, Sen., from South Carolina, set-

342 HISTOKY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

tied, in 1807 or 1808, one mile north-east from Richmond, where he resided until his death, September 1, 1859, at the age of nearly 82 years. He was married in Carolina ; was a member of the society of Friends, and was one of those, else- where noticed, who w^ere imprisoned in the jail at Salisbury for non-compliance with the military law during the war of 1812, He had four children : 1. Tamar, who married Isaac Reynolds ; both died in Dalton. 2. Sarah, who married Da- vid Jessup, and resides in Cambridge City. 3. Nathan, [Sk.] 4. John, who married Mary Jessup, and lives on the home- stead of his father.

Nathan Hawkins, son of John, last above noticed, was born April 15, 1808, and was married, Jan. 1, 1830, to Sarah, daughter of Elijah "Wright, and settled, soon after, where he still resides, on the farm first owned by John Harvey. His children were : 1. William, who married Duannah Burgoyne, and lives in Hlinois. 2. Eliza, who married Daniel Comer, and lives in Randolph county. 3. Lydia, who married Cor- nelius Terpening, and resides in Hlinois. 4. John, who mar- ried Martha Jessup, in Randolph Co., and lives in Illinois. 5. Henry, unmarried. 6. Eli, who married Alice Shaw, and re- sides near his father's. 7. Jane S., who married John W. Burgoyne, at Catlin, 111. 8. Allen, who married Ann E. Hockett, and lives with his father. 9. Charles N., who died at 19. 10. George W., unmarried. The wife of Nathan Haw- kins died October 10, 1867.

Amos Hawkins, brother of John Hawkins, Sen., settled in the township. He had but one son, Jonathan, and three daughters : Charity, Eliza, and Martha. Jonathan's sons were Newton, and Amos L., who married a daughter of Mor- decai Parry, Amos Hawkins was born in 1757, and died in 1837, aged 80 years.

Benjamin Hill was born in North Carolina, June 22, 1770. In 1802, he removed to Carroll county, Ya., and thence, in the autumn of 1806, with his wife and five children, to the Whitewater country, and settled about 3 miles east from Rich- mond. The five children were, John, born February 20, 1797, and died in Rush county ; Sarah, born June 17, 1798, who was married to Jehoshaphat Morris ; Jacob, born February

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3, 1800, and died in Ileniy county ; William, born March 18, 1802, and died in Rush county ; Joseph, horn August 4, 1804, and lives in Boon county. Soon after their arrival here, Mary was born December 27, 1806. The wife of Bonj, Hill died soon after, and he was married to Martha Cox, who was born in Eandolph county, jST. C, November 28, 1779, and came to Indiana in 1807. The chikh-en of this marriage were: 1. Benjamin, who married Sarah, a daughter of the late David Hoover. Their children are David H., Martha E., Albert G., Henry L., Anna C, George W". Benj. Hill resides 3 miles east of Eichmond. 2. Harmon, who married Mary Hecley. 3. Rebecca, the first wife of Thomas Newby. 4. Ezra, who married Mary Kirby. 5. Enos, who married Elizabeth Kirby.

Benj. Hill, Sen., died February 9, 1829, in his 59th year; Martha Hill, his widow, born November 28, 1779, died Janu- ary 25, 1867.

Robert Hill was born January 31, 1780, in North Carolina, where he married Susanna Morgan, and in 1806, settled about 3 miles east from Richmond. His children were; 1. Martha.

2. William, who married Zilpha Hallowell, and died in Iowa.

3. Benjamin, who married Ann Clark, and removed to Iowa.

4. Samuel, who married Susan Cook, and lives in Iowa. 5. Elizabeth, wife of Charles Shute, who died in this township. 6. Mary, wife of Wm. Parry. 7. Pennina, wife of Edward Shaw, in Richmond. 8. Charles, who married Jemima Clark, and lives in Richmond. 9. Robert, who married

Elizabeth Clawson. 10. George, who married Hibbard.

Robert Hill, Sen., married for his second wife, Mrs. Rebecca Lathrop. He was a respected and worthy citizen and repre- sented the county one or two terms in the legislature.

George Holman was born in Maryland, February 11, 1762; and, when young, removed with his father to Pennsylvania. His mother having died when he was a child, his father placed him under the care of Henry Holman, a brother of his father. When about 16 years of age he removed with his uncle Henry to Kentucky. They were accompanied by a few other emi- grants, among whom was Edward Holman, Henry's brotiier, a member of whose family was Richard Rue, a year or two older than George Holman. The company settled near the

344 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

site of the present city of Louisville. In February, 1781, as a historian dates the event, but probably about two years later, Irvin Ilinton goinoj to Harrodsburg for a load of flour, the young men, liue and Holman, were sent with him as guards for his protection against the hostile Indians. While on their way out they were captured by a party of thirteen Indians, led by one Simon Girty, a white man, a native of Pennsylvania, and carried northward to Wa-puc-ca-nat-ta, on the Auglaize, where they were compelled to run the gauntlet, and barely escaped death. Hinton afterward made his escape, and was recaptured, and burned at the stake. Rue and Holman were afterward sentenced to a similar death. Holman was rescued by an Indian, who adopted him as a son. After an affection- ate, mutual embrace, Rue was tied to a stake, encircled by dry brushwood. As the faggots were about to be applied to the dry brush, a young Shawnee sprang into the ring, and with a tomahawk chopped off the cord that bound him to the stake; led him out amidst the plaudits of some and the threats of others, and adopted him as a brother in the place of one he had recently lost.

These young men were in captivity three years and a half. Rue, who had been the last six months at Detroit, escaped with two other captives. After traveling nights and resting by day for twenty days, and narrowly escaping death by starvation, they safely reached the Ohio river. The Indians who were dissatisfied with Holman's release, succeeded in getting him again put on trial, and by a majority of one vote he w^as ac- quitted, and again rescued from the stake.

The protracted war having brought great distress upon the Indians, they ceased hostilities for a time, with a view to re- cruiting themselves. Holman proposed that if they would send with him to Kentucky a young Indian warrior who knew the way to the Falls of the Ohio, he would apply to a rich uncle for the needed supplies, and obtain for them what they wanted. To this they assented; and Holman, with another prisoner and the young warrior, left Wa-puc-ca-nat-ta. Strik- ing the Ohio a few miles above Louisville, they swam across the river with their guns and blankets lashed on their backs, and proceeded to Louisville, where Gen. Clark was then

WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 345

stationed with troops and military stores, with whom they staid all night, and who, having learned the object of tlieir mission, ottered them all they wanted to procure the ransom of the two prisoners. [The writer has been told by one likely to know, that it was the purpose of Holman to return with the Indian, and to become a trader with the northern tribes.] A few days after his arrival he met at Edward llol- man's his friend and fellows-prisoner Rue, who had arrived but three days before. Prior to their captivity, Rue had been in several campaigns under Gen. Clark; after their return, Rue was in two and Holman in one.

In 1804, Mr. Holman, with his friend Rue and one or two others, came to the Whitewater country, bought their lands two miles south of the present city of Richmond, and re- turned. The next year they came with their families, ac- companied by a number of their Kentucky friends. Being remote from any settlement, their privations and sufferings were probably more severe than those of any who came after them.

Mr. Holman was married in Kentucky. He had twelve children: 1. Joseph. [Sk.] 2. "William, who married Rue Meek, daughter of Jacob Meek ; was a captain in the war of 1812, and became a Methodist preacher in 1815; died Aug.

I, 1861. 3. John, wdio died at 5. 4, 5. Benjamin and Joel, in infancy. 6. Patsey, who married Wm. Meek. 7. Rebecca, who married John Woodkirk, and died on the Wabash. 8. Sarah, who married John Odell ; removed to Oregon, where he died, and where she still resides. 9. Greenup, who mar- ried Lethe Druley, and died in Marion, Grant Co. 10. Jesse, who married, first, jSTancy Galbraith, who died in this county; second, Sarah Julian, and died at Mt. Vernon, 0., in 1868.

II. Catharine, who married Adam Porter. They live at Del- phi, Carroll Co. 12. Isaac, who married, removed to Cali- fornia, and died there.

Andrew Hoover was born in Maryland about the year 1751. His father, Andrew Hoover, and his wife's father, Rudolph Waymire, both emigrated from Germany to this country. An- drew Hoover, Sen., married Alargaret Fonts in Pennsylvania, and settled in Maryland, where his son Andrew, the subject of

346 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

this notice, was born. The latter married Elizabeth Waymire, and removed to i^Torth Carolina, where he resided until the autumn of 180f2. when, with a larg'e family, he removed to the Miami couit. '^ in Ohio. In 1806, the family settled on Middle Fork of ^ hitewater, a mile and a half north-east of where Richmond now stands. The circumstances attending his settlement have been related. He had 10 children, all of whom were married, as follows : 1. Mary, born March 3, 1777, married Thomas ITewraan, father of John S. IS'ewman, now of Indianapolis, and died about 1803. 2. Elizabeth, born Dec. 25, 1778, married Wm. Bulla, and died about the year 1857. 3. David ; [see Sketch below.] 4. Frederick, born Sept. 24, 1783, married Catharine Yount, cousin of Catharine, David's wife, and had 11 children. He removed to the Wabash, where he died April 30, 1868. 5. Susanna, born in 1785, married Elijah Wright ; had 10 children, and died in the spring of 1870. 6. Henry; [see Sketch.] 7. Rebecca; [see Sketch of Isaac Julian.] 8. Andrew, born June 26, 1793, married Guliel- ma RatliflP, and died in 1866. 9. Catharine, born Jan. 4, 1796, married John McLane; removed to Illinois, and died in 1865. 10. Sarah, born July 15, 1798, married Jacob Sanders, and had two daughters : Mary, who married Wm. Burgess, and is not living, and Elizabeth, who married Samson Boon, with whom Sarah Sanders now resides, in Richmond. Jacob Sanders died in 1862. Andrew Hoover, father of the family sketched above, died near the close of the year 1834, aged about 83 years. He is said to have had, at the time of his death, upward of one hundred descendants. In a note by the editor of Judge Hoover's Memoir, he says : " Except the eldest, who died young, [Mary, at the age of about 26,] his children were all living until March, 1857 ; the oldest survivor being seventy-eight, and the youngest fifty-eight years of age. In December, 1854, an interesting reunion of these brothers and sisters was had, at the house of one of their number, in Richmond."

David Hoover, son of Andrew Hoover, was born in Ran- dolph Co., 'N. C, April 14, 1781. He removed with his father's family to Ohio, in 1802, and thence in 1807, to White- water. [See page 29, and Memoir written by himself.] He

WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 347

married, March 31, 1807, Catharine Yount, near the Great Miami, and removed to the land selected and entered in 1806, and on which he had, before his reraov. '^uilt a log cabin. On this farm he resided until his death, in ^ . Although hia opportunities for acquiring an education were exceedingly lim- ited, having, as he wrote, " never had an opportunity of read- ing a new^spaper, nor seen a bank-note, until after he was a man grown," he accumulated a fund of practical knowledge wdiich fitted him for the various pubhc trusts confided to him by his fellow-citizens. In 1810, he was appointed a justice of the peace of "Wayne county. In 1815, he was appointed an associate judge of the Wayne county circuit court. In Feb., 1817, he was elected clerk of that court, and lield the ofHce by re-election nearly fourteen years ; and, as is stated in a biographical sketch, he might have continued in the oiflce "had it not been that, owing to his domestic tastes, he could not be prevailed on to remove to the county seat, which the people required him to do." It is mentioned as evidence of his having the respect and confidence of his fellow-citizens, that he had in his possession seven commissions for offices which he had held, besides his having had a seat in the senate of the state for six years. The duties of these offices he faith- fully and acceptably discharged. He delighted in reading. He collected a large and valuable library, embracing a wide range of literature, science, and general knowledge. This more than supplied the deficiency in his school education ; and his example strongly commends itself to the thousands of young men who profess to deplore the want of early educational advantages. They may find, as he found in the course he pur- sued, more than a substitute for the acquisitions of some from a full collegiate course. His politics and religion he states distinctly in his Memoir: "In politics, I profess to belong to the Jeffersonian school ;" and he takes his motto from Mr. Jefferson's first inaugural: "Equal and exact justice to all men." He declares himself " a firm believer in the Christian religion," and " opposed to all wars and to slavery."

Judge Hoover had seven children, all of whom were mar- ried: 1. Hiram, who married Elizabeth Marmon. After her death he removed to Kansas, where he married Mary Price, and

348 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

died. 2. Elizabeth was married to Jacob Thornburg, of l^ew- castle, and after his death, to Simon T. Powell, of the same place. 3. Susan, to Wm. L. Brady, of Richmond. 4. Sarah, to Benj. Hill, of Wayne township. 5. Isabel, to James M. Brown, of Richmond. 6. Esther, to Henry Shroyer, of i^ew- castle. 7. David, to Phebe Macy, and lives on the homestead of his father. Judge Hoover died September 12, 1866.

Frederic Hoover, second son of Andrew Hoover, was born in North Carolina, Sept. 24, 1783. and came with his father's family to where they settled, on Middle Fork, in 1806. He married Catharine Yount, a cousin of Catharine Youut, the wife of his brother David, and settled in the neighborhood of his father, where he resided until the time of his death. His occupation was that of a farmer during his life. He never sought public position or notoriety. He was a member of the society of Friends, and conscientious in the discharge of duty in the various relations of life. Christian philanthropy was a prominent trait in his character. He was an earnest advocate of the abolition of slavery, and of the principles of peace, as held by the Friends. He had in youth very limited educational advantages; but he availed himself, in after life, of such means as were aflbrded for the cultivation of his mind. He was withal personally agreeable and interesting; and his weight little less than three hundred pounds. Two or three years be- fore his death his mind began to fail, and, at the time of his decease, was nearly a blank. Yet his devotional habits were continued to the last, he being regularly in his place at the Friends' meeting. He died at the residence of his son, Alex- ander, in Thorntown, on the Wabash, April 30, 1868. His body was brought home and interred in the family burial- ground.

Henry Hoover, third son of Andrew Hoover, was born in N"orth Carolina, Sept. 22, 1788, and came, when about 18 years of age, with his father's family to Whitewater in 1807. He married Susanna Clark, sister of the late Daniel Clark, of Wayne township, and settled in the vicinit}^ of his father's residence. Like the sons of most of the early settlers, he had grown up where educational advantages were extremely limited. With little more learning than an imperfect knowledge of reading,

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WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 349

writing, and the few simpler parts of arithmetic, he commenced life for himself on a new farm, a condition generally' deemed unfavorable to mental and intellectual improvement. But, like his brother above noticed, he had recourse to home read- ing and stud}', which he, too, found more than a substitute for the mere learning of the schools. Few in this educational age commenced the business of hfe with so poor an education as he did ; yet comparatively few became so well fitted for life's duties and responsibilities. He was right in considering the additions he was making to his fund of practical knowledge, as no less valuable than the yearly products of a well-cultivated farm. He was early appointed or elected to ofiices of greater or less responsibility. He was in 1825 a member of the legis- lature, the first that convened at Indianapolis. In 1832, he was appointed by Gen. Cass, then secretary' of war, sec- retary to the commissioners appointed to hold two Indian treaties. In personal appearance, he is said to have been ex- celled by few; and his native dignity of bearing "gave the world assurance of a man." His religious history, though showing changes in his church relations, evinces, nevertheless, firmness of principle. He was a member of the society of Friends. In 1828, during the visit of Elias Hicks at Rich- mond, after his followers had separated from the meeting, Mr. Hoover several times attended his preaching, in consequence of which he lost his standing in the old society. He did not, however, join the new, but remained for about fifteen years without any church connection. In 1830, he removed to a farm he had purchased on Poland's Fork, a few miles from the town of Washington, where he united with the Methodist Church, of which he was a devoted and an active member. Trained from his childhood in the simpler modes and forms of worship, lie was pained at the introduction of melodeons, or- gans and choirs, and absented himself from the meetings of the church, and finally withdrew. His wife died Aug. 0, 1853. In December, 1854, he married Mrs. Lydia Z. Yanghan ; and in 1855 he sold his farm and removed to Richmond, where he resided until his death, July 23, 1868, aged nearly 80 years. Within the last year of his life he united with the Filth street

350 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

society of Friends, of which he was a member at the time of his death.

Mr. Hoover had seven children: 1. Alfred, who married Mary Aired, and resides in Kosciusko Co. 2. Mary, who married David Culbertson, and died at Mt. Vernon, Iowa. 3. Anna, who married Thomas Harvey, who lives in Wayne township. 4. Martha, who married Daniel Culbertson, and lives in the town of Washington. 5. Allen, who married Ruth Jackson; both died at Mt. Vernon, Iowa. 6. Daniel, who married Henriett Heagy. 7. Henry, who married Louisa Lamb, and died at Mt. Vernon, Iowa. The two sons and one daughter were all buried within three years after their removal to Mt. Vernon.

Nathaniel McClure settled, in 1809, about 3 miles south- east from Richmond. He had six sons and seven daughters, all of whom attained the age of majority, except a daughter, who died at 11. In 1847, the father and two sons died on or near the same day. The time between the death of the father and that of the younger son was but two hours. The father and the two sons, James and Alexander, were buried in one grave. Jane, a daughter, died but a few days before. Three daughters, Isabel D., Sarah W., and Elizabeth L., are still living in the city.

John Martin was born in Delaware, November 17, 1780, and settled in Chester county. Pa. ; was married to Ruth Stevens, and in 1837 removed to Wayne township, on Middle Fork of Whitewater, one mile south of Middleboro'. ^ About the year 1853, he removed to Linn Co., Iowa, where he died, March 18, 1871. He had six children who passed the age of infancy: 1. John S., who was killed by the running away of a team, at the age of 14. 2. Benjamin L. [Sk.] 3. Nathan W., unmarried, in Linn county, Iowa. 4. Isaac N., who mar- ried Elizabeth Reed, daughter of John Reed, now of Rich- mond, and lives in Linn county, Iowa. 5. Hannah, who married Jacob Brown, removed to Iowa, and died there. 6. John T., who married Lydia Moore, moved to Iowa, thence to Kansas, where he died. About the year 1833, John Mar- tin removed to Linn county, Iowa, and died there, March 18, 1871.

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Benjamin L. Martin, son of John Martin, -vvas born in Chester county, Pa., December 27, 1806, and in 1831, was married to Sarah Chrisman. In 1839, he removed to Wayne township in this county, and in 1849 to Centerville, where he was engaged as clerk in the auditor's office until 1855, when he was elected county auditor, and in 1859 was re-elected for a second term. In 1863, he was appointed by President Lin- coln paymaster in the army in the Mississippi department, and served in the Cumberland, Potomac, and IS'orth-western departments ; and was mustered out of service in December, 1865. On his return from the army, he settled near Chester, on the farm on which he now resides. In 1866, he was elected a representative in the legislature, and re-elected in 1870, which office he now holds. He had seven children, besides two that died in infancy: 1. Rebecca N. S., who w^as married to AVm. S. Boyd. 2. Nathan W., to Artelissa Cheeseman, and is on a farm near Chester. 3. John Wesley, to Jennie Jones, and is a merchant at Chester. 4. Benjamin F., to Sarah Al- media Jemison, of Centerville. 5. William C, to Angelina Hunt, and lives in Lawrence, Kansas. 6. Isaac iS"., unmar- ried, in Harrisburg, Pa. 7. Theodore S., unmarried, at home.

Meek Families. — Jacob Meek, from Kentucky, in 1806, settled tw^o miles south of Richmond, where Charles Price lately resided. His sous were : John, who removed from the county, and died. Jeremiah L., who came to the township in 1807. [Sk.] Isaac, who, after a residence here of many years, removed to Illinois, and died there. William, who mar- ried Patsey Holman, Jacob Meek's daughters were Patsey, who married Elijah Fisher, an early sheriti' of the county ; Effie, who married William Grimes.

Jeremiah L. Meek was born in Pennsylvania, in the year 1780, moved with his father to Kentucky; and in the winter of 1805-6, his father came to Whitewater, and was soon fol- lowed by Jeremiah, who found his father there living in a cabin on the place where Alexander Grimes afterward lived and died. In the spring following, he, with others, went with live horses to Lawrenceburg, in quest of breadstuff, and were gone seven days. Lodging in the woods, they piled up brush to lie on for fear of snakes. They returned with a

352 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

supply to last until fall. His pioneer experience was an interesting one. His sons were: 1. William, who married Sall}^ a daughter of Dauiel Fonts ; afterward removed to the west. 2. Franklin, who married a daughter of Wm. Lamb, and lives at Des Moines, Iowa, where Mr. Lamb died. 3. Morton, who married Jane, a daughter of Smith Hunt, and resides where his father died, two miles below Richmond, on the west side of the river. 4. Jeremiah L., who married a daughter of D. Wilson. 5. Alexander G., who died unmar- ried.

Jeremiah Meek, from Kentucky, a cousin of Jeremiah L., also came about the year 1807. He was one of the first asso- ciate judges of the county courts; a member of the consti- tutional convention of 1816, and afterward a member of the legislature.

John Meek, sometimes called " little John," was a brother of Jeremiah, the judge. His sons were: 1. William, who removed from the county about fifty years ago. 2. Joseph, who married a daughter of Jolm Smith, of Richmond, and resides in Abiugton. 3. John, who married Polly, a daugh- ter of Jeremiah L. Meek, and removed from the county. 4. Jeptha, who removed west some forty years ago. A daugh- ter of John Meek married John Smith, Jun., who lives in Wabash county. Another daughter married Daniel Fraley, and removed from the county.

Joshua Meek, also a brother of Jeremiah, the judge, died in the township. He had a son, Jacob, who resides in Cen- ter. Rachel, a sister of Judge Meek, was the wife of Hugh Cwll.

Charles Moffitt was born in IsTorth Carolina, September 25, 1774, and was married, in 1804, to Elizabeth Cox, who was born July 6, 1784, and was a sister of Jeremiah Cox, Sen. Moffitt removed to Wayne township in 1811, and settled on the farm on which his son Hugh Moffitt resides, near Rich- mond, where he lived until his decease, December, 1845. His widow died November 30, 1860. They had twelve children, besides one that died in infancy: 1. Hugh, above mentioned. 2. Jeremiah, who married Cynthia Ann Cook, and settled at Thorntown, Ind., where he died, and where she lives with a

WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 353

second liusband, James Wood}-. 3. Tacy, who married Wm. Cloud; l3otli reside there. 4. Eunice, unmarried, at liich- nioud. 5. Hannah, who married, first, Jacob Craig, who died of cholera, in 1834 ; second, Dr. James W. Marmon, who died of cholera in 1849 ; she died a month after. G. John, who married Martha Caldwell, and after her death, Laura Aired; he lives in Indianapolis. 7. ]\[ary, who died young. 8. K'a- than, who married lihoda Ann Johnson, daughter of James Johnson, late of Richmond, and died at 20. She married Wm. Butler, of Ohio, and removed to Iowa. 0. Ruth, who married Dr. Joseph J. Perry, of Richmond. 10. Elizabeth, wife of Alpheus Test, of Boston towhship. 11. Abijah, who married Lydia, daughter of "Wm. Townsend, deceased, and owns the homestead of his father, but resides at Thorntown, Boone county. 12. Anna F., wife of Eli Stubbs, of Rich- mond.

Hugh Moffitt, son of Charles Moffitt, was born ^Nfarch 21, 1806, in Xorth Carolina, and came, when young, with his father to Wayne, in 1811. He married Mary Childre, of Ohio. They never had children. They have, however, adopted and reared a number, one of whom was !Mary Barker, now the wife of Wm. Baxter. Hugh Moifitt settled soon after marriage at Thorntown, Boone county, and returned in January, 1845, having, with his brother Xathan, bought his father's grist-mill, now owned by Benjamin and Ezra Hill, with the land adjoining, where he now resides, in tlie enjoy- ment, in large measure, of the comforts and blessings of a well-ordered life.

Joseph Parry was born in Pennsylvania in 1788, and re- moved, in 1827, to Richmond, and died in 1870. With him came six children, all of them still living : William, Robert, Isaac, Grace, Mordecai, George. William, [Sk.] Robert, Grace, wife of Cornelius Yanzant, and Mordecai, reside in Richmond ; Isaac in Xorristown, Penn. ; George, since 1849, in California.

William Parry, son of Joseph Parr}-, was born in Mont- gomery county, Penn., in 1810, and came, in 1827, with his father, to Richmond. He worked for many years at his trade — that of plasterer, and then purchased the tarm on which he 26

354 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

now resides, two miles north of Riclimoncl. In 1849-51, he constructed the turnpike from Richmond to "Williamsburg, and was elected president of the company, and has remained such to the present time. He was also president of the Wayne County Turnpike Company from 1858 till October, 1871, when the pressure of other business compelled him to resign. In 1868, he was elected president of the Cincinnati, Richmond, and Fort Wayne Railroad Company, which posi- tion he still occupies. Under his energetic supervision the road is rapidly approaching completion ; and before the close of the present year [1871,] will be opened to Fort Wayne. And since the year 1853, he has held the oflBce of township trustee. He is an active and efficient member of the society of Friends. In 1833, he was married to Mary, daughter of Robert Hill. Their children are Joseph, who married Jen- nie Ivins ; Sarah ; Susannah ; Robert ; Samuel, who married Mattie Smith, in October, 1871 ; Elizabeth, and Mary.

Enoch Railsback, son of David, was born in North Caro- lina, May 26, 1798, and removed with his father's family to this county in 1807. He married isTancy Fonts, daughter of Jacob Fonts. After a temporary residence in several places, he settled permanently, where he now resides, on Wayne township west line, a part of his farm having been the site of Salisbury. He had six children : Sarah, wife of Andrew Elia- son. Elizabeth, wife of John Sellars, Mound City, Kansas. Elvonia, wife of John Pugh, and died at Centerville, Jan. 1, 1851. Jehiel, unmarried, attorney at law, at Richmond. Mary B., who married Fabius Fleming, Richmond. Lycur- gus, who married Lizzy Binford, of 111., and lives in Marshall, Iowa. The Railsback family have an honorable connection with the war of the Revolution. The Colonel relates the fol- lowing reminiscences : His father, David Railsback, was as- sistant wagon-boy for his brother Edward, who drove a four- horse baggage-wagon for the Colonial army. At Gen. Gates' defeat in South Carolina, while the American forces were giving way, he drove his team hastily into a thicket, and soon saw the British light-horse pursuing our forces, who met with great slaughter. Late at night he left the place of his concealment, and returned safely with his team to Worth Carolina. Henry Railsback, an older brother, was

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WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 355

a company officer in Gen. Gates' army, and was captured Ijy the British. On reaching their lines lie saw many of his Tory neighbors who had joined the British army, lie was taken sick, and never got home.

Cornelius Ratliff, Sen, was born in Bucks Co., Pa., about the year 1755. He was a son of Joseph Ratlitl", who came over from England with William Penn, and was present at the making of the famed treaty with the Indians under the great elm. He removed, when young, with his father to Kortli Carolina. He there married widow Elizabeth Charles, and in iSTovember, 1810, came to Whitewater, ai;d settled a mile north of Richmond, on the farm on which his son Cor- nelius now resides, and which he had purchased in 1808. He was a member of the society of Friends. lie had eight children, all born in il^orth Carolina. All lived to the age of majority, and were married as follows : Maiy, in ^S". C, to Robert, son of John Smith; both deceased. Elizabeth, to Nathan Overman, who settled near Centerville. Gulielma, to Andrew Hoover, and resides in Clinton Co. Joseph, to Maiy Shugart, of ISTew Garden, and died near Marion, Grant Co. Sarah, to John Shugart, of oSTew Garden. Millicent, lirst, to Benj. Albertson ; second, to Thomas jS'ewmau ; both deceased. Cornelius, to Mary Kinley. Abigail, to Joshua Albertson, and died in Clay township, where he still resides.

Cornelius Ratliff, son of the above-named, was born in North Carolina, I)ec. 25, 1798, and came to this county with his father in 1810. He still resides on the farm on which he settled with his father, having never left the old homestead. He was married to Mary Kinley, who Avas born March 15, 1802. They had ten children, of whom six are living and married : ^largaret, to Simon Wood, and resides at Greens- boro, Henry Co. Joseph C, to Mary Crawford, and lives in Center township. Elizabeth, to Thompson Harris, and re- sides in Center. Sarah, to Timoth}' Thistlethwaite, and lives in Richmond. William P., to Jane Snyder, and resided in Richmond; w^as a merchant, and died in April, 1871. Cor- nelius, to Margaret Masterson, and resides on the farm with his father.

Miles J. Shinn was born in New Jersey, October 3, 1820 ;

356 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

came to Kicliraoud iu 1838, with Reuben H. Ivins,with whom he served an apprenticeship at shoemakiug. 'In 1842, he set up business for himself; but sold out the same year to John rieming, and engaged as a journeyman to Owen Edgerton. In 1845, he again established himself in the business. He married, September 18, 1849, Anna C, daughter of Thomas Kewman. In 1850, he settled on the Newman farm, and in 1851 built on it the house in which he now resides, and where he still carries on his trade. In 1854, he formed a partner- ship with Joseph P. Ratliff and Timothy Thistlethwaite in establishing a paper mill, and in 1857 he sold his interest to Samuel C. Hill. He has been an active supporter of the cause of temperance; having been allied with various tem- perance associations, several of which were organized by him and with his assistance. And he is now a member of the State Temperance Alliance. He has never spent three cents for intoxicating liquor to be drank as a beverage, or for that other scourge of the human race, tobacco. He joined the Whitewater Lodge of I. O. O. F. in 1847, and he has ever since taken a prominent part in the organization and support of associations of the order. A friend of intellectual im- provement, he originated and assisted in organizing, in 1842, a literary society called the Washington Institute of Rich- mond ; and, in 1850, took an active part in organizing a simi- lar society of the same name in the Ratliff school district, in which he resides. This society is still continued, and has a respectable library. He was also one of those who formed, many years ago, the Cumberland Presbyterian Church in Richmond, since discontinued. Mr. Shinn has had four children, three sons and a daughter: Newman Howard, Miles Webster, James Eddy, and Indiana C. Miles W. died Janu- ary 6, 1870.

Samuel Shute, from N. J., in 1818, settled wdiere his son Aaron now lives, near the south-east corner of the town- ship, where he died about 1857. His son Charles, who mar- ried Elizabeth, daughter of Robert Hill, died about 1862. Aaron, Robert, and Samuel are the only sons living. The wives of Samuel Erwin and James L. Morrisson are daugh-

WAYNE TOWNSHIP. 357

ters of Samuel Slnite. Alice, daughter of Aarou Shute, is the wife of Dr. W. R. Webster, of Kidiniond.

William Tiiistlethwaite was born in Yorkshire, England, in the year 1792, and emigrated to this country in 1817. lie resided a short time in Delaware, and removed to Chester, Pa. Determined on removing to the west, ho came to Cin- cinnati, w^here he made but a temporary stay, and, in the fall of 1829, came to Richmond, where he remained but a short time. Having a large family of minor chiklrcn, and having been bred a farmer, he bought the farm originally owned by John Charles, an early settler, [1809,] now the farm of Wm. Baxter, near Richmond, to which he removed in the spring of 1830. After having remained a few years on this farm, which he conducted with unusual success, he sold it to Oliver Kinse}', and bought a larger and newer farm farther west, on or near the line of Center township, where he continued farming on a more extensive scale for several years, and re- tired, leaving the farm in the care of a son, and purchasing a country seat about a mile west of Richmond. Here he lost the partner of his life and labors, and, in 1856, revisited the land of his birth, and returned to this country. In his 70tli year he was again married; and died on the 16tli of August, 1871, in the 80th year of his age.

Joseph Wasson was born in England. Soon after his mar- riage, he embarked with his wife tor America. They settled for a brief period in Pennsylvania, and removed to the Caro- liuas, where they resided until they had reared a family of seven sons and two daughters, a period embracing that of the American Revolution, in Avhicli he was a soldier. Gen. Greene, who had command of the southern forces, detailed a party to look after the tories who infested that part of the country. In a skirmish with them, Wasson w^as shot by one from behind a tree, and disabled for life. The ball lodged in his loins, where it remained nearh' forty years, when it Avas extracted by a skillful surgeon a few years before his death in this township. After his children had nearly all arrived at mature age, he left Forth Carolina, and, in 1800, settled on East Fork, near the Ohio state line, where now Fleming Wasson resides. His children were : 1. Archi-

358 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

bald, who married, in N", C, Elizabeth Smith, and after about two years' sojourn in Kentucky, settled in 1809 near the resi- dence of his father. His children were : Calvin, who mar- ried Mary, daughter of Wm. Bond, and died in January, 1871, at Plainfield, Ind. ; Jehiel, who married, first, Lydia Bond, sister of Calvin's wife ; second, Mrs. Mason, and re- sides at Milton ; Anselm, who married Euth, daughter of Israel Clark, and died at Mansfield, Ind., February 9, 1871 ; Abigail and Sarah, who both died in infancy; John Macamy, [Sk.] and Eliza, who married Jonathan Moore, and resides in Hichmond. 2. Joseph, second son of Joseph "Wasson, Sen., settled in Eaton, Ohio, and died there. 3. David married Elizabeth, a daughter of Judge Peter Fleming, and died about 1825. His son, Fleming "Wasson, resides in this tow^n- ship. 4. Nathaniel 31cCoy married Jane Strong, and died in 1868. 5. John married Mary Smith, in IT. C, and died in Wayne township about the time of David's death. 6. Ezra married Jane Campbell, and died in 1847, in Whitley county, Ind. His son, John H. Wasson, lives in Richmond, and is agent of the Ohio Salt Company. 7. Lemuel, unmarried, re- sides in Kichmond. 8. 31ary married Josiah Campbell, and died at Logansport about fifteen years ago. 9. Elizabeth married Jonathan Lambert, and died at Union City about 1865.

Joseph Whits was born in Kentucky in the year 1800, and came to Wayne township about 1810, with his mother, wdio settled with tlie family near Middleboro'. [See Sketch of the White family, Franklin township.] Joseph remained with his mother until 1836, when they removed 3 miles south to where he died in December, 1868, near the Ohio state line, east from Richmond. In 1821, he married Alice Clawson. Their children are : Josiah, who married Eliza Coburn, and after her death, he married the next year, [1852,] Hannah E. Frame. James, who .married Anna T. Stedom. Lydia, wife of Reese Mendenhall. David, who married iTancy Straw- bridge. Anna E., wife of H. G. Nickle. John. William, who married Sarah H. Strawbridge. Joseph C, who married Hannah D. Dilks. Mrs. White and all her children reside in Richmond and Wayne township.

CITY OF IHCHMOND. 359

EICHMOND.

A sketch of the settlement of the lands of John Smith and Jeremiah Cox on which Richmond stands, prior to its incor- poration as a town, has been given in the foregoing history of Wa3'ne township. In 1816, Smith laid out into town lots the land along Front and Pearl streets, south of Main street. The survey was made by David Hoover; and the lots were "five poles wide, and eight poles back." An acre, called the Public Square, was reserved by Smith for such public uses as he should think proper. The plat, it appears, was a small one.

The date of the birth of the town is generally supposed to be 1816. It had no corporate existence, however, until after Cox's addition in 1818, which embraced lands north of Main street and west of Marion. Agreeably to an act of the legis- lature, the citizens met on the 1st of Sept., 1818, at the house of Thomas and Justice, and uuanimousl}' declared themselves in favor of the incorporation of the town. Twenty-four votes were polled. On the 14th of Sept., at an election held at the same place, Ezra Bos well, Thomas Swain, Kobert Morrisson, John McLane, and Peter Johnson were elected trustees. The proceedings of both meetings were signed by Thomas Swain, as president, and Ezra Boswell, as clerk.

The authority given to the trustees by the general act under which the town was incorporated being deemed inadequate to its efhcient government, the citizens petitioned the legislature for a special charter, which was granted. The charter was adopted by a vote of the citizens; and on the 13th of March, 1834, the day appointed for the election of borough officers, the following named persons were chosen :

First Burgess — John Sailor. Second Burgess — Basil Bright- well. CouNCiLMEN — John Finley, Daniel P. Wiggins, Benj. Fulghum, Samuel Stokes, Wm. S. Addleman, John Suff'rins, Wm. Dulin, Edmund Grover, Albert C. Blanchard, Caleb Shearon, John Hughes, Joseph Parry, Joseph P. Osborn. As- sessor— Jacob Sanders. Treasurer — Eli Brown. High Con- stable— Isaac Barnes.

360 ' HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

These officers, for reasons which do not appear, held their offices only until May, when another election was held, and the following were chosen :

First Burgess — John Brady. Second Burgess — Basil Brightwell. Councilmen — John Suifrins, Daniel P. Wiggins, John Sailor, Samuel Stokes, Albert C. Blanchard, Wm. S. Ad- dleman, Samuel W. Smith, Caleb Shearon, Wm. Dulin, John M. Laws, Joseph Block, Alexander Stokes, David Hook. As- sessor— Jacob Sanders. Treasurer — Eli Brown. PIigh Con- stable— Charles O'Harra.

Richmond was governed under this borough charter until 1840, when it was incorporated as a city, under a charter adopted by the citizens ; and on the 4th of May, the following officers were elected :

Mayor — John Sailor. Councilmen — First Ward^ Basil Brightwell, Benj. Strattan. Second Ward, Henry Hollings- worth, Wm. Cox. Third Ward, Wm. Parry, Irvin Peed, Fourth V/ard, Nathan Morgan, Stephen Swain. Treasurer — John Haines. Marshal — Jesse Meek. Assessor — Eh Brown.

In Dec, 1865, a general law was passed, authorizing the people of any town to establish a city government without a special act of the legislature. Under this law, city officers were elected for two years. Of the councilmen, one was chosen in each ward every year for the term of two years.

John Sailor was, by successive elections, continued in the office of Mayor until January, 1852. He was succeeded by John Finley, who held the office until his death, in 1866. Lewis D. Stubbs was chosen at a special election to fill the vacancy for the remainder of the term. Thomas ]^. Young was elected for the next two years; and in 1869, was succeeded by Thomas W. Bennett. James M. Poe, the present incumbent, was elected in 1871.

The clerk was appointed by the council until 1853 ; in which 3^ear, and since, he has been chosen at the city elections. The office was held by David P. HoUoway until his resignation in November, 1853 ; by Wm. W. Lynde until January, 1856; by Wm. A. Bickle until 1858; by Benj. W. Davis until January, 1866, when he was succeeded by Peter P. Kirn, who still holds the office.

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CITY OF RICHMOND. 361

In 182G, Charles AV. Starr bouglit of Jeremiah Cox his un- sold lands; since which time several additions have been made to the town plat, by John and Samuel W. Smith, and by John Smith, in 1827 ; by Charles W. Starr, in 1828, 1833, 1831, and 1836 ; and by several other persons since.

The reason why J^orth Front street w-as so run as not to form rio^ht angles with Main, is thus given by Dr. Plummer in his Reminiscences : "At that time there ran along the edge of the hill a county road, the first perhaps laid out in Wayne county. ... To continue South Front street directly north, would run it into wet grounds unsuitable for a street and for building lots; besides, the street w^ould ultimately run into the river. On the hill was a road already established ; no ground w^ould again have to be relinquished for a street. Forty feet was probably the width of the road, and that was sufficiently wide for the wants of the town. Lots were accordingly laid out along this road; and the corners of Main and Front streets became important points. These are the oldest streets, and for a long while w^ere the only ones in liichmond."

The town w^as first called Sinithsville, after the name of its proprietor; but, as Judge Hoover says in his Memoir, "the name not giving general satisfaction, Thomas Roberts, James Pegg, and myself, w^ere chosen to select another. Roberts pro- posed Waterford ; Pegg, Plaiiijield, and I, Richmond. The last was approved by the lot-holders."

Presnming that all the legal voters were present at the first election of officers, and allowing six inhabitants to each voter, which is generally about the average proportion, the popula- tion would have been about 150. In 1819, it was estimated at 350. Although this estimate shows a much more rapid in- crease than was maintained for several years afterward, it was probably not far from the truth. There were, when the town was incorporated, the stores of John Smith and Robert Alor- risson ; and there w^ere mechanics of most or all of the more common trades, whose number continued to increase with the increase of the population of the surrounding country.

In accordance with the prescribed plan of our history, wo give the names and occupations of some of the earlier citizens.

862 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

It is impossible, however, at this late day, to state, in regard to most of them, the year in which each became a resident of the town.

Merchants.

As is usual in new countries, the early merchants of Rich- mond kept the various kinds of goods wanted by the settlers. They were not designated as dry goods merchants, hardware merchants, druggists, grocers, &c. Not until the country had be- come well settled, was it possible to keep up an establishment confined to any one of these branches of trade. This division of business, as it is called, was not commenced until about the year 1825, fifteen years after the first store had been established ; nor until after the advent of the first printer, by whom the mer- chants were enabled to advertise, in show-bills and the news- paper, the long lists of their wares, embracing dry goods, gro- ceries, queeusware, glassware, hardware, nails, bar, band, hoop, and sheet-iron, school books and stationery, and dyestufis; sometimes adding drugs and medicines, and not excepting brandy, rum, gin, and whisky : and this list was generally sup- plemented with a string of etceteras, or " every other article usually kept in country stores."

The early business men were at length obliged to divide the gains of capital and labor with a new set of rivals. Fa- vorable reports from the flourishing town of Richmond had gone abroad, and immigrants from the east, especially Friends, came in. Edward L'. Frost, from Long Island, N. Y., with w^hom, as already stated, John Smith was for a short time as- sociated in trade, was probably the first merchant in town after Robert Morrisson. He afterward traded alone on Front street, south of Main, and removed to the south-east corner of Main and Pearl streets, where he built, and for several years occu- pied, a two-story frame building, subsequently removed to make room for the present brick building made of the bricks which had formed the walls of the court-house at Salisbury, after the removal of the county-seat to Centerville. Philemon H. Frost was a clerk for his brother Edward, and, some think, became a partner.

John Sufirins, a native of Virginia, came from Ohio to

CITY OF RICHMOND. 363

Richmond, and commenced trade in August, 1818, on the east side of jSTorth Front street, near Main, and soon after Ijought of Thomas and Justice their building on the north-east corner of Main and Front streets. He was in business four or five years, and returned to Ohio, where he worked again at his trade, [the hatter's] about three years ; and about the year 1826, he came again to Eichmond, and engaged in the hat- making business, which he carried on many years in Gilbert's block. He married Harriet, daughter of the late Samuel Shute, and after her death, a Mrs. Thompson, who also died. He is still in the hat trade, south side of Main street, between Pearl and Marion. James IMcGuire, an Irishman, after Suf- frins, traded a short time at the same place, corner of Main and Front streets.

Atticus Siddall, who had taught school in the village, suc- ceeded Frost at Ham's corner. He was for a time alone; af- terward in company with a Dr. Cook. His health failed, and he died many years ago. He was the father of Jesse P. Sid- dall, for many years, and at present, a prominent lawyer in Pichniond.

About the year 1822, John AVright, from Maryland, com- menced business on Main street, between Front and Pearl. He remained a few years, and the family dispersed. The business was continued by his son-in-law, Basil Brightwell, who also built a flouring-mill near the site of Jackson, Swayne & Dunn's woolen mills, below the jSTational bridge. He had an extensive trade, and was apparently — perhaps really — successful for several years. He became deeply embarrassed, and, apprehending bankruptcy, committed suicide, leaving only a son, his wife having died a few years before. His sou also died a lew years afterward.

Joseph P. Plummer, from Baltimore, after a brief stay in Cincinnati, came to Richmond in 1823, and coninienced business on South Front street, in a building previously oc- cupied by Edward L. Frost, whence he removed to his new frame store, corner of Main and South Front, since known as Plummer's corner, where now stands the brick store of Thomas ISTestor.

Joseph P. Strattau, a native of Virginia, came from Ohio

364 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

in 1824 or 1825 ; was first a clerk for Edward L. Frost, and afterward for Robert Morrisson, on the north-west corner of Main and Pearl streets, where he built a store after the de- struction of his first by fire. Strattan, then in partnership with Morrisson, the latter furnishing the goods, com- menced trade at the corner first occupied by Morrisson, a building having been removed to that place — firm, J. P. Strattan & Co. Morrisson, who continued his store at the corner of Pearl street, sold a part of his goods to James "Woods, a clerk of Frost, who took them to Liberty, where he established a store. Strattan having formed a partnership with Daniel Reid, a clerk of .Morrisson, [firm, Strattan & Reid,] Morrisson sold' them his remaining stock of goods, and retired finally from the mercantile business. After about three years Strattan bought out Reid, and a year or tw^o after sold out to his brother Benjamin Strattan, and bought a farm 4 miles north of town, about the year 1833; remained there four years, and sold his farm to Oren Huntington, then a merchant in Richmond, taking his stock of goods in part payment. He took the goods to Dublin, a new town, where he traded about ten years; was at Louisville, Henry Co., two years; and returned to Richmond in 1858.

David Holloway, who had removed in 1813 from Waynes- ville, Ohio, to Cincinnati, came in 1823 to Wayne township, and bought the homestead of Judge Peter Fleming, near the state line, and, in 1825, removed to Richmond, and com- menced business on the north-east corner of Main and Front streets. After a few years of successful business he retired, and was succeeded by Wm. Hill, son of Robert Hill, an early settler. He bought another farm a short distance north-east from the town, and a few years after returned to Richmond, corner of Pearl and Spring streets, where he died in 1855.

Jeremy Mansur, an early settler, and for several years a skillful edge-tool maker at Salisbury and for many years a farmer about 3 miles west from Richmond, commenced the mercantile business in the city in 1831, on the south-west corner of Main and Pearl streets, known as Plummer's cor- ner, and continued the business about eight years, and re-

CITY OF EICHMOND. 365

turned to his farm. In 1852, ho removed to Indianapolis, where he now resides.

Edmund Evans, of English Ijirth, who came from l>alti- more with a grown-np family about the year I80I, and Ijought a farm a short distance south-east from town, started, some years after, a wholesale and retail leather store, to which he finally added dry goods. Ilis store was on Plummer's cor- ner, and had been previously occupied by Jeremy Mansur. He died many years ago, and more recently his wife.

Isaac Gray, from Virginia, came to Richmond in the fall of 1827, and was in the mercantile business about two years. His store was on the ground now occupied by T. J. Bargis's stove store, on Main street, north side, between Pearl and Front streets. In 1829, in company with others, he removed to ISTiles, Mich., where he was the first postmaster. A daugh- ter of his is the present wife of Daniel Eeid. Other chil- dren of his are living in Niles and elsewhere.

Oren Huntington, from Mass., came to Richmond in Sept., 1831, and went the next year to Anderson, where he was for 6 years successfully engaged in the mercantile Inisiness. He returned in 1838; engaged the next year as clerk for Samuel Fleming, a son of Judge Peter Fleming; and in 1840, in company with Nathan Wilson, bought Fleming's stock in trade, which, a year or two afterward, they sold to Cook and Siddall. In or about the year 1814, he resumed trade, and in 1845, sold his goods to Joseph P. Strattan for a farm a few miles north of Richmond. After a few years of farming, he exchanged his farm Avith Benj. Fulghum for his brick liouse, corner of Main and Franklin streets, which had been fitted up for a public house. He soon remodeled the house, and es- tablished a first-class hotel, known as the Huntington House, of which he is still the owner.

Benjamin Strattan, from , came when a youth, and

served several years as a clerk for J. P. Strattan & Co., and afterward for Strattan & Reid, then in Morrisson's building,

corner of Main and Pearl streets. In or about the year ,

he bought the goods of his brother, Joseph P., then sole pro- prietor, and subsequently tlie building of Morrissou. Ho continued in business, alone and in partnership, many years,

366 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

and retired to a country seat and farm 3 miles east of the city, Avhere lie was for several years farmer and horticultur- ist. In 186-, he sold his farm, returned to the city, and is again in the mercantile business.

Joseph "W. Gilbert, from Pa., came to Richmond in 1835, and commenced the mercantile business on Main street, be- tween Marion and Pearl, and discontinued the business in or about 1852. In 1855, he built the brick block on what is known as Gilbert's corner. During a part of the time he was in trade, he also kept a public house. He was also for twenty-eight years a mail-contractor and large stage pro- prietor, having lines running to Dayton, Indianapolis, Wa- bash, and other places. He resides in the city, and is 72 years of age.

Division of Business — Drug Stores, Bookstores, Hardware Stores.

The natural result of the increase of population and trade in Richmond and the surrounding country, was the division of business. The time was at hand when silks and iron, laces and fish, pins and crow-bars, pork and molasses, tea and tar, were not all to be had at every store. As early as 1825, "Warner & Morrisson [Dr. Warner and Robert Morrissou] ad- vertised " Drugs and Medicines, Oils, Paints, Dye-stuffs, Patent Medicines, &c., &c." But the era in trade alluded to can not, perhaps, be properly said to have commenced so early. The first store confined to a separate branch of trade, and comprising a considerable stock of goods, was a Drug Store, established by Irvin Reid, in 1833 ; embracing, besides drugs and medicines, those articles usually accompanying, as paints, oil, dye-stuffs, &c., and an assortment of Books and Stationery. After a few years he dropped the book business, and continued the drug business until 1852. He then sold out, bought the farm of Edmund Evans, his father-in-law, near the city, to which he removed. In 1859, having sold his farm in parcels to German immigrants, he returned to the city, and engaged in the Hardware trade, which is still con- tinued under the firm of Irvin Reid & Son.

In 1836 or 1837, Jesse Stanley established a Bookstore, •which he continued but a short time. After Stanley, Will-

CITY OF RICHMOND. 367

iam R. Smith and Swain kept a bookstore. Benjamin Dng- dale, wlietlier before or after Stanley, has not been ascertained, established a bookstore, wliieh Avas continued by him for many years until his death, and by his sons for some years after.

The first independent Grocery Store, says Dr. Plummer, was commenced in 1838, by Haines & Farquhar. j^In 1846, Benton & Fletcher established a Hanhoare Store. They dissolved partnership and divided the stock, Benton continuing at the stand of the firm, now Citizens' Bank corner, and Fletcher removing to the west side of Main street, between Pearl and Marion.

Innkeepers.

It is related of Jeremiah Cox, that he had at first regarded with disfavor the scheme of building up a town ; and he is said to have remarked, that he " would rather see a buck's tail than a tavern sign." If he spoke in reference to the efiects of this "institution" upon the morals and prosperity of some com- munities, the remark was not an unwise one. His sincerity was evident from the fact, that he did not make bis addition to the town plat until two years after the date of Smith's survey, or two years after Philip Ilarter had a sign swinging near a log building on lot 6, South Pearl street. Another early tav- ern was kept at the north-east corner of Main and Pearl, sign of a " green tree," by Jonathan Bayles, and another, of later date, on Front street, near the south-west corner of Main, by Ephraim Lacey. Ilarter soon afterward kept a tavern at the corner of Korth Pearl and Main, where the Citizens' Bank now stands, then called Harter's corner. Another tavern was kept on Gilbert's corner, north-west corner of Main and Marion, first, it is believed, by Abraham Jeffries, afterward by several different persons.

liichard Cheeseman was an early settler, lived on South Front street, kept a tavern several years, and removed to Center township, where he died, William, a nephew, re- mained in Richmond, and married a Miss Mofiitt. Both, it is believed, are living. John Baldwin, an original Carolinian, early kept a tavern and store at the Citizens' Bank corner. He went west, and became a trader with the Indians. Their sav-

368 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

age nature having at one time been excited by liquor which he had sold them, they scalped, or partially scalped, him alive ; but he survived the operation. He returned to the county, and died six miles north of Richmond, in 1869. Next to Baldwin, "Wm. H. Vaughan occupied the stand for several years, and the tavern was discontinued. Yaughan had previously kept for a time the Lacey stand on Front street. Patrick Justice early kept a tavern on !N"orth Front street, near Main, for sev- eral years. He afterward kept a public house which he built in 1827, near the extreme limits of the town, now the south- east corner of Main and Fifth streets. He removed from the county; and the house, after having been used as a tavern a few years longer, was turned to mechanical uses.

Benj. Paige, a 'New Englander, father of Palph Paige, now a merchant in Main street, kept a tavern previously to 1830, at the corner originally owned by John C. Kibbey, an early inn- keeper, and known as Meek's corner, north-east corner of Main and Marion. Abraham Jeffries had a tavern on Gilbert's cor- ner ; kept it some years, and was succeeded by Joseph An- drews, a brother-in-law, who died soon after.

Mechanics.

Blacksmiths. — John Hunt is said to have been the first blacksmith in Richmond. He built a shop on South Front street, east side, in 1816. Lewis Burk cut in one day the logs for the building, including the ribs and weight poles, on Smith's land about two squares east, for 75 cents, the job being considered about three days' work. John McLane was proba- bly the next blacksmith (some think the first) in the town. He and his son John, and Isaac Jackson, were the principal 'smiths until after 1820. He was a member of the first board of trustees of the town, elected in 1818. Lewis Burk, about the yearl817, commenced the business 2J miles south of town, and afterward worked as journey&ian and in his own shop about twelve years. He was heard to say, while in business in Main street, that he had ironed a wagon for Wm. Mitchell, an early settler near New Paris, 0., for which he received 1,800 pounds of dressed pork, at §1 per hundred, and sold it to Sam- uel W. Smith at the same price.

CITY OF RICHMOND, 369

Archibald Wassoii, an early settler near Ohio lino, removed to town, in 1829, and carried on the bhacksmithing business for many years. Jehiel, a son of his, came in 1831, and worked at the same business several years, on Main street, east side of the town. John H. Thomas came from Delaware with a young family, and has worked at blacksmithing ever since. George McCullough, about the same time from the same place, carried on the business many years, on Franklin street, near Main ; af- terward became a partner in the firm of llorney & Co., in the manufacture of plows, near the railroad depot. He was for sev- eral years foreman in the iron department. In 18G5, he re- ceived a severe injury, which for a long time disqualified him for labor. He is still connected with the firm above men- tioned.

David Maulsby, from Maryland, about 1830, purchased on Pearl and Spring streets. He carried on his trade successfully for a number of years, and retired, leaving the business in the hands of his only son, John L. Maulsby. He died soon after, suddenly, of apoplexy.

Mordecai Parry, a brother of William, was for many A'oars a blacksmith in Richmond. By industry' and frugality while at his trade, and by the subsequent economical management of his aft'airs, he has been successful in his acquisitions.

Cakpenters. — The first carpenter in Richmond is supposed to have been Stephen Thomas, who was followed, within a few years, by Peter Johnson, Joshua and Benjamin Albertson, Evan Chapin, and Mark Reeves, father of Mark E. and James E. Reeves. Thomas Stafford, who lived on Middle Fork, built several houses in the tow^n. Charles Cartwright came in early, and was an extensive house builder. He married a Miss Till, whose mother was an early settler. They removed to the West. John Hughes, from Pennsylvania, a carpenter, worked at his trade in Richmond many years, and built a house ou Marion street, north of Main, where he died in 1869. David Vore, also from Pa., came soon after Hughes; married, and settled on Main street, where he early built a brick house. He w^as a carpenter, and worked at his trade nntil his death, in 1866.

Cabinet-makers. — ]^athan Morgan, from X. J.,was an early 27

870 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

cabinet-maker, and for mnny years the principal undertaker in the town and vicinity. He conveyed, in his plain Dearborn wagon, the remains of rich and poor to their burial places. He owned a stone house on Pearl street, which is yet standing, and said to be the only stone building in Richmond. David Hook, an early cabinet-maker, carried on business a number of years. He was an esteemed citizen, and died many years ago. Some of his descendants reside in Riclimond. Jonas Gaar had a cabinet-shop at the south end of Front street. He is now senior partner of the firm of Gaar, Scott & Co., of the Gaar Machine "Works.

Abraham Phillips, from Pa., in 1838, established a shop in South Pearl street; afterward removed to west side of Main street, a few doors east from the corner of Marion, where he soon after [1840] erected the building still owned by him, and occupied by James Elder as a bookstore. In 1856, he and James M. Starr built the hall nearly opposite. Having leased bis interest in the hall to Starr, it was called "Starr Hall," until January, 1865, when Phillips bought Starr's interest; since which it has been known as " Phillips' Hall."

Tailors. — Among the early mechanics in Richmond was Henry Burnham, a tailor, near the junction of Pearl and Front streets. Robert Dilhorn, a tailor, early from the East to Cincinnati, whence he was " wagoned up " by the assist- ance of the Friends. He settled on Middle Fork, and soon after removed to Richmond. He pursued his business nntil his decease many years ago. Henry Dunham, from Ohio, came about the year 1822 or 1823, and carried on the tailor- ing business a number of years, and died. John Lowe came early; worked a long time as a journeyman tailor, and mar- ried a daughter of Levi Johnson. His wife died six or eight years ago. He resides in Richmond.

Isaac E. Jones came from Ohio in 1824. He carried on the tailoring business several years. He afterward, in com- pany with Warner M. Leeds, his brother-in-law, built a saw- mill and other machinery near where Nixon's paper mill is. He was also the founder, though on a comparatively small scale, of the Spring Foundry, now the '• Gaar Machine Works."

CITY OF RICHMOND. 371

John H. Hutton also was one of the early tailors; but has since been in several different ki els of business, as will Ijo seen hereafter.

Harmon B. Payne came from Ohio wlien a youth, and worked at tailoring'. After he luul arrived at manliood he married Am}' Pryor, and continued to work at his trade for several 3'ears. He is now a practicing lawyer in Richmond. Abraham Earnest, early from Ohio, was a tailor, and lo'lowed his trade successfully for many years, lie married a daugh- ter of Daniel Ward, an early settler on the hcadwat rs of Middle Fork. lie has also been, at ditferent times, in the grocery trade, and the hat and cap trade, and is at present a broker. Samuel E. Iredell, a tailor, came when a^'oungman, and married a ^liss SuttVain; was successful in business many years, and engaged in farming in the vicinity of Richmond, and died in 18G5, leaving a wile and a number of grown children.

Silversmiths, Watch-makers, etc. — John ]M. Laws came from Philadelphia, and engaged as a journeyman watch- nnUvcr — name of his employer not remembered. After he had worked a while at his trade, he married Joanna, a daugh- ter of Joseph P. Plummer, and soon after engaged in mer- chandising, which he continued many years. Ten or twelve years ago, he connected with his business the wool trade, which he continued with his son, Joseph P., near tlie depot, under the firm of Laws & Son, until his death, in 1868. The son died a few weeks before.

James Eerguson, from New Paris, Ohio, was for many years a watch-maker and silversmith in town; mai-ried a daughter of Jeremy Mansur, and removed to Indianapolis, where he has been successful in business. He is extensively engaged in the pork trade.

Charles A. Dickinson, son of Solomon Dickinson, from Philadelphia in 1821, after having served his apprenticeship with John AI. Laws, above noticed, carried on the watch and jewelry business until 1867. It is continued by his son, Henry C. Dickinson. Robert B., brother of Charles A., is in the same business.

372 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

Chair-makers. — Elijah H. Gitliens, a native of 1^. J., came to Rielimond from Ohio, in 1833, and carried on the chair- making business nntil 1847. After an absence of about a year, he returned to Eichmond, and was eight or nine years in tlie grocery trade ; then in the dry goods business in Iowa four years; returned to Richmond, and resumed the grocery business, having also a dry goods store in E"ew Paris, Ohio, and another at Mendota, Illinois, nine years. He continues the grocery business at his store building, south side of Main street, between Marion and Franklin. He built a frame dwelling in 1833 on Fifth street, where now stands the elegant residence of J. Milton Gaar. He built his store in 1840.

Griffith D. Githens, a brother of Elijah, also a chair- maker, came with or soon after his brother ; married a daugh- ter of John Page, and continued his business until 1869, when he removed to Indianapolis.

Elisha Fulton was an early chair-maker in Richmond. Removed to another county, and died October 23, 1866.

Hatters. — Eli Brown, from E". C, in 1815, was the first, and for several years the only hatter in Richmond. The reader probably remembers that the vicinity of "Beard's Hat Shop " was one of the places in Carolina from which "Whitewater was originally peopled. Although the hats the settlers brought from that famed shop had been made with a view to long service, which indeed they had performed, the time had come when not a few of them needed substitutes. And as Friend Brown had learned his trade from Beard him- self, his advent must have been highly gratifying to the settlers. Nor is it probable that he had occasion to regret his opportune settlement among them. In 1828, he com- menced the mercantile business, which he continued several years. About the year 1863, he removed to a farm, 2^ miles north-west from Richmond, where he died in 1867, aged about 75 years.

ISTot long after Brown, about 1820, came Caleb Shearon, from Maryland, who commenced the same business. He suc- ceeded in accumulating a handsome estate to be divided among his children. He died about the year 1850.

CITY OF RICHMOND. 373

Jolin SufFi'ins, as has been already stated, \ras an early merchant, and afterward went into the hat-making business. lie is still a dealer in hats and caps on Main street, between Pearl and Marion, and is probably the oldest business man in the city. He came in 1818. ,

Saddlers and Harness-makers. — Achilles Williams, from 'N. C, came to Richmond in the autumn of 1818, and estab- lished himself in business as a saddler and harness-maker, the first of that trade in the town. He continued the busi- ness many years, and engaged in other pursuits. [Sk.] Xa- thaniel Lewis, between the years 1820 and 1830, occupied as a saddle shop, a long one-story frame building on the south- Avest corner of Main and Marion streets — now Ralph Paige's corner.

John Brady, a young man, from Ohio, a saddler by trade, married a Miss AVright, and for some time carried on busi- ness in town, and held the office of justice of the peace. He removed to Marion, Indiana, and is still living. Wm. L. Brady, his brother, came when a youth, about the year 1826, and served an apprenticeship with his brother John ; and has since carried on, successfully, the saddle, harness, and trunk trade to the present time. He married Susan, daughter of David Hoover, and purchased a residence on Xorth Pearl street, where he has since resided — about forty years.

Tanners. — The first tannery in Richmond was established in 1818, b}^ John Smith, to give employment to Joseph Wil- mot, an Englishman, who had early emigrated to Cincinnati, and was in search of a location. Robert Morrisson established another the same year.

John Finle}^, whose name appears somewhat conspicuous in this history, undertook the management of Smith's tannery several years after it was established; but after "running" it a single season, he abandoned it. Daniel P. Wiggins, from Long Island, JJT. Y., came to Richmond in 1823. Being a tanner, Morrisson employed him to take charge of his tan- nery, and, a few years after, admitted him as a partner. AValter Legg and John Wilcoxen worked in the yard. Wig- gins and his sons afterward purchased the tauneiy built by Smith, and the Morrisson tannery was discontinued. The

374 HISTORY OF AYAYNE COUNTY.

former is still in possession of the Wiggins famil}', and has been much enlarged and improved. Its present proprietors are Stephen R., Charles 6., and John D. Wiggins. They also carry on extensively the manufacture of saddles, harness, and horse-collars.

In July, 1857, Joh Curme and liis son Artliur A., com- menced a trade in leather and findings, at old No. 11 South Pearl street. The next year they commenced the tanning business near the Bush mill, with one vat. In 1860, Job Curme sold his interest to Isaac D. Dunn; and the store was remo\(ed to 47 Main street, and the tannery to its present location, on Washington and Cliff streets. In 1865, Andrew J. Coitman and Dewitt C. McWhinney became partners — firm name, Curme, Dunn & Co., and their store was soon after re- moved to its present location, 297 Main street, with John J. Harrington as partner. This concern is extensively engaged in the manufacture of leather and horse-collars. It gives em- ployment to about 25 men, nearly half of tliem at making collars, of which 1,500 dozen are made in a year; and there are 100 vats in the tannery.

Shoemakers. — Among the early shoemakers in Richmond W'as Patrick Justice, elsewhere mentioned as a tavern-keeper. Jonathan Moore, quite a 3'oung man, from his father's home, 21 miles south-east ot town, as early as 1829, set up a shoe- shop on the north-east corner of Main and Fifth streets, where the Tremont House now stands, then at the extreme border of the town. His wife died a few months after mar- riage, and in a few years he married a second. He has con- tinued in business without interruption for more than torty years.

Owen Edgerton, early from Carolina, worked many years at shoemaking. In 1866, he retired, and transferred his busi- ness to his faithful journeyman, a colored man, and is still living at the age of about ibur-score years. Joseph Ogborn, also an early shoemaker in Richmond, retired after many years, and died in 1869.

Wagon-makers. — One of the early mechanics of Richmond, and probably the first wagon-maker, was Adam Do} d, who came about the year of the incorporation of the town, 1818.

CITY OF EICIIMOXD. 375

He was also a justice of the peace. He lived near where Pearl Street Methodist Church now stands.

At a later date came Anthony Fulghum, from JST. C, who had his shop at the north-west corner of Main and Marion streets, since known as Gilhert's corner. lie lived but a few years after he came; and the business was contiuned by hi3 son Benjamin a number of years. This corner being desired for a tavern stand, Fulghum bought a lot on the south-east corner of Main and Frauklin streets, now the Huutiugtou Hor.se corner, where he built a frame shop and dwelling, and carried on business extensively, especially in the making of carriages, many being made for tlie Friends in a peculiar style, not easily described ou paper. looted as these good peoide are for their adherence to early customs, their "old style "' carriages have — whether from necessity or other causes we know not — been superseded by those of modern construc- tion and in common use. Fulghum removed long ago to Jackson township, near Cambridge C'ity, where he now resides.

Sitmuel Lippincott commenced carriage-making in 1840, corner of Main and Franklin streets; building now owned by A'aughan Brothers. He remo\'ed to Marion street, west side, near Main, and thence to Indianapolis, where he now resides.

Potters. — Potters were among the early mechanics of Richmond. A pottery was built on South Front street, and is said to have been occupied by Eleazar Hiatt, Isaac Bee- son, Geo. Bell, a mulatto, and John Scott. The last died of cholera in 18o3. Samuel and Edward Foulke, young men, settled early in Richmond, and carried on successfully the potter's trade, and closed their business. Samuel re-estab- lished himself in the business at Indianapolis, and Edward returned to Ohio. Samuel returned to Richmond, and re- tired from business. There has been no pottery in Rich- mond for many years.

Miscellaneous. — Solomon Dickinson, a tinsmitli, from Philadelphia, in 1821, settled on Front street, near Ezra Bos- well's, where he resided until his death. His shop was on Main street, between Marion and Pearl. He was also a dealer in stoves. After his death the business was continued

376 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

Edmund Dickinson, a son, at present a gunsmith, near the nortli-west corner of Main and Front streets. Solomon, another son, is in the grocery trade. Two other sons were Charles A. and Robert B.

Andrew Eeid, a brother of Daniel Reid, was the first gun- smith. His shop was near Boswell's, a daughter of whom he married. He removed from the county many years ago.

Charles Kewman, from Pa., early set up a turning shop on Franklin street, north of Main, where he still continues the business, having in the meantime improved his establish- ment.

Matthew Rattray, a native of Scotland, and a zrmiTr, came in 1822, and had a shop on South Front street. He married a Miss Cheeseman ; lived on Front street, and retired long since. They are still living on North Franklin street.

Lewis Baxter, an early settler, a hrick-layer and stone- mason, married a Miss Miller, whose parents lived a few miles north-west of town. He is yet living on his old home- stead on Front street.

Samuel Senix, from Delaware about 1830, with a wife and small family, soon purchased in the suburbs of the town, on Main street ; has been an industrious mechanic, and is still living in Richmond.

Brewer. — The first brewery in Richmond was commenced by Ezra Boswell, about the time the town was incorporated. His shop, from which he supplied the citizens of the town and country with beer and cakes, was on Front street, north of Main. It was much frequented by the citizens and by the country people who came to town on business — beer being then deemed a wholesome beverage. Boswell was a respect- able man, and a member of the first board of trustees of the town, elected after its incorporation.

Christian Buhl, direct from Germany, came to Richmond as early as 1830, established a brewery on Main street, west side of the town, near the ISTational bridge. It was exten- sively patronized, not only by the citizens, but by travelers and emigrants passing near it. At nearly every raising one or more kegs or buckets of Buhl's beer were drunk. The stream of small coin constantly flowing into his money

CITY OF RICHMOND. 377

drawer for a few years, made him a comparatively rich man. Ho bought a hirgo farm a mile and a half south-west of the town, where he died a few years after. George, one of his sons, now resides on the farm.

Physicians. — The dates of the settlement of the early phy- sicians, or the order in which they settled, it is dithcult to as- certain. The Historical Sketch of Richmond, by Dr. Plum- mer, written nearly a quarter of a century ago, is deemed more reliable authority than tlie recollections of persons at this late period.

Dr. Thomas Carroll is mentioned by Dr. P. as the first physician in Richmond. He came in 1819, and in 1823 re- moved to Cincinnati, where he was many years in practice, and where he died in March, 1871. A Dr. Cushman, from Port Wayne, is said to have come in 1820. He built a dis- tillery in the south part of the town on the side of the hill on Front street, near a spring. In this enterprise he was unsuc- cessful, as was also his successor, Dr. Warner, into whose hands it passed. He suft'ered it to go down ; and it was never re- vived. Dr. Cushman returned to Fort Wayne, where he was an associate judge. Dr. Ithamar Warner came to Richmond about the year 1820, and was for many years the piincipal practicing physician in this town and Wayne township. [Sk.] Dr. Wm. Pugh studied medicine and commenced practice in Richmond, the year not ascertained. He removed to Center- ville about the year 1824, where he soon after died. Dr. James R. Mendenhall, of Carolina origin, commenced prac- tice in 1822, and retired in 1830. [Sk.] A Dr. Griffith arrived soon after Dr. Warner. He was somewhat advanced in age and practice. He chose a location on Front street. Alter a brief practice here, he removed to the AVest. The vacancy made by his removal was filled by Dr. John T. Plummer, only son of Joseph P. Plummer. [Sk.] Wm. B. Smith, from the East, studied medicine with Dr. Warner; married Alice Irwin, and settled on North Pearl street. He practiced many years with success, and died in middle life. Dr. Sam- uel Nixon came to Richmond about the year 1830; remained in town a number of years, and had a large practice ; after

378 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

whicli he settled on a farm in the vicinity. He afterward removed west, and died a few years after.

Lawyers. — When the iirst lawyer settled in Richmond can not, perhaps, he now ascertained. Dr. Plnmmer mentions

<' one Iliirdy, who hoarded at Ephraim Lacey's tavern,"

and soon left for want of husiness. This must have been af- ter 1824, as in that year there was no law3'er in Richmond. John B. Chapman, from Ya., was advertised in the Public Lcchjrr in 1826, as attorney and counselor at law.

John D. Vaughan was here before 1828, and died of cholera in 1833. Two of his sons, Edward and John, are at present, and have been for many years, hardware merchants, corner of Main and Franklin streets. Andrew, another son, is in the hvery business. A daughter is the wife of Samuel Lippincott, many years a carriage maker in Richmond, lately removed to Indianapolis. Widow Yaughan, now widow of the late Henry Hoover, resides in the city.

John W. Green was an early lawyer in Richmond, and is still remembered by the oldest citizens. He has since resided, and probably still resides, in New York.

William A. Bickle, from Ya., came with his father to Cen- terville, in 1836, and the same year to Richmond, where he en- gaged as clerk in the store of Daniel Reid. He soon after commenced the study of law, and was admitted to practice in Feb., 1840. He settled in Richmond, where he has continued in the successful practice of his protessiou until the present time.

Jesse P. Siddall, son of Atticus Siddall, an early merchant, before noticed, was born in Richmond, Oct. 20, 1821. In 1842 he was admitted, and commenced the practice of law in Madi- son Co. ; whence, after about two years, he removed to Center- ville, where he formed a partnership with John S. Newman, which continued about ten years, during the last two of which Mr. Siddall resided in Richmond, where he is still: engaged in his profession.

James Perry, although the oldest practicing attorney, w^as not among the earliest in Richmond. [Sk.]

CITY OF RICHMOND. 379

31amifacturcs avd Trade of Miclnvoinl.

As a manufacturing town, Ricliniond has long maintained a high rank among the cities of the west. In the amount and ViH-iety of its manufactures, in proportion to itspopuh\tion, it is perhaps unsurpassed in any western city. Tlie products of its cnpital and hibor find sale in many of the western and south-western states, Onr limited space forbids a minute de- scription of these establishments ; some of tliem can scarcely receive the briefest notice. AVe commence with the

Gaau Machine Works. — This extensive establishment, now devoted to the manufacture of steam and horse power thresliing machines, portable and stationary engines, circu- lar and mulay saw-mills, and other works of a similar charac- ter, was started in 183G, in a frame building, which stands on the corner of High street and Washington avenue, whither it was removed in 1856 to make room for the machine shop. Its first proprietor was Isaac E. Jones, who used the building prin- cijially for a stove foundry. In 1839, it passed into tlie hands of Jesse M. and Jolm II. Ilutton, and in 1841 was built the first thresher (a chaff-piler) ever made in Indiana. In 1849, the Huttons sold their establishment to Jonas Gaar and his sons, Abraham and John M. Gaar, and his son-in-law, AVm. G. Scott, who continued the business under the firm of A. Gaar & Co., until April 1, 1870, just twenty-one years, during which time it grew to its pi'csent liuge proprotions. Its major- ity was celebrated at the latter date, when the firm assumed the name of Gaar, Scott & Co., the same proprietors being still the exclusive holders of the cajiital stock of the concern, amounting to |400,000. The purchase money paid by A. Gaar & Co. to the Huttons is said to have been §9,000. From this may be seen the vast extension of the business under the nnin- agement of the present proprietors.

The machine shop, built in 1856, was burned dowm, January 31, 1858, but was immediately rebuilt; and other buildings have from time to time been added. The establishment uses four or five acres for its buildings and grounds ; has used 400,000 feet of lumber in a year, melted four tons of pig-iron in its foundry per day, and made up 100 tons of boiler iron annu-

880 HISTORY OF AYAYNE COUNTY.

ally. The floor room in the shops and warehouses is 1,662,309 square feet — about two and one-third acres. The number of hands employed averages over 200; and the products are be- tween $350,000 and $400,000 per annum.

EoBiNSON Machine IYgrks. — This establishment was founded in 1842, by Francis W. Robinson, on the corner of Main and Washington streets. It was for a time confined to the making of threshing machines of tbe " Chaff-Piler " and " Traveler " patterns. The former was a horse-power machine, and simply threshed the wheat ; the latter took the wheat in the shock, threshed and separated it, and delivered the wheat in a box, leaving the straw on the ground. The value of the machines turned out the first year did not, as is believed, exceed in value $6,000. In 1858, Mr. Eobinsou obtained a patent for a thresh- ing machine, which, has been improved from time to time, until the " Gold Medal Thresher and Separator" is supposed to be equal to any in the United States. In or about the year 1847, he commenced the making of steam engines and saw-mills. In 1862, Jonas W. Yeo became sole proprietor, and was joined in 1868 by Robert II. Shoemaker; since which time the business has been conducted under the firm of Yeo & Shoemaker. From a comparatively small beginning, these works have risen, to a high rank among the manufactories of its class in the state. Its grounds on the corner having become too circum- scribed for its increasing business, room was obtained for the boiler shop on the east side of Washington street, and for the warehouse on the south side of Main. Its manufactures are horse-power and steam threshers and separators, portable and stationary engines, portable saw-mills, and castings of eA^ery description. The average number of workmen employed is between seventy and eighty ; and the amount of sales has been between $125,000 and $150,000 annually. In 1866, a fire oc- curred in the establishment which destroyed property to a considerable amount, the loss being mostly covered by insur- ance.

Quaker City Works. — These works were commenced by Isaac Hinge, in 1856, soon after the completion of the National bridge, (which had been built under his superintendence,) for the manufacture of stationary engines, and all kinds of job

CITY OF RICHMOND. 381

work. The next year Isaac Ringe & Co. ( Bra,dy having

become a partner,) built the present three-story brick shop and foundry, when the concern took the name of the '■^American Machine Works." In 18G0, Kinge sokl his interest to Brady; and the business was conducted by Brady & Son. Brady soon after sokl one-third of liis interest to J. M. Aikin, and the same year anotlier third to J. J. Jvussell. In 1862, Brady sokl his remaining interest to Wm. Sinex ; and soon after Russell sold his to John Roberts, the name of the firm, J. M. Aikin & Co. still remaining unchanged. In 1865, Samuel Sinex became sole proprietor, and, in 1867, sold to A. IsT. Hadley and G. Morrow, (tirm, A. iST. Iladley & Co.) Among the articles man- ufactured at these works are stationary and portable engines, of all sizes, flouring-mill machinery, circular saw-mills, tur- bine water wheels, circular saws for firewood, shingle machines, Doan's ditching machines, tile-mills for making tile, Farquhar & Doan's feed boilers, sugar-mills, and all kinds of builders' work. Al)out thirty men have been employed, and the prod- ucts have been about §100,000 in a year.

Uniox Machine Works. — These works, for the manufacture of portable and stationary engines and castings generally, were established in 1860, by White & Bargion. In 1862, they passed into the hands of Edgar M. Baylies, Joseph Marchant, and Gustavus A. Bajdies. In 1864, Marchant sold his interest to G. A. Baylies, and the firm took the name of Baylies & Co. In 1866, the firm was changed to Baylies, Yaughan & Co., the partners being E. M., G. A., and Joseph M. Baylies, and An- drew F. Yaughan. In 1868, Yaughan retired, and the firm was changed to J. M. Baylies & Co. In 1869, Isaac D. Dunn came in under the firm name of Baylies, Dunn & Co. In 1870, the name of the firm was again changed to Baylies, Yaughan & Co. The average number of men heretofore employed is 35; and the value of products annually sold, about 860,000. These works are on the corner of Seventh and Pool streets, north of the railroad depot.

EicHMOND ]\IiLL Y^'oEKS. — Tlicsc works were established N"ovember, 1859, by Ellis ISTordyke and his son, Addison II. ISTordyke, at the corner of Green and AValnut streets. In 1866, they removed to their place of business, in the north-west part

882 ' HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

of the city, on Green street, when Daniel W. Marmon became a partner, and the company took the name of JSTorclyke, Mar- mon & Co. They have from time to time added to the num- ber of articles manufactured and furnished, among which are grinding and bolting mills, corn and feed mills, burr mill- stones, bolting cloths, smut machines, &c. Their specialty is . the manufacture of complete portable flour mills, and bolts for grinding and bolting the several kinds of grain. All that pertains to a flrst rate flouring mill, except the castings, is made at this establishment. From 20 to 30 hands are em- ployed; and the annual products amount in value to about §65,000.

The proprietors have also, at the same place, a custom flour- ing mill, five stories high, propelled by the same water power. This mill was built in 1867, and is run by H. C. Wright & Co. The grinding is done in the fourth story, which is on a level with the street on the east side. The stones are turned by a perpendicular shaft. [Since the above was written, in conse- quence of the death of Ellis ITordyke, a change in the proprie- torship has occurred.]

Stove Foundry. — In 1865, C. P. Peterson and E. J. King established a foundry for the manufacture of stoves, hollow- ware, and castings generally. Their capital and trade have steadily increased, until their annual products amount to $25,000 or $30,000 ; and their wares are sold in several states. Castings for the school desk manufacturers are made at this foundry.

Richmond School Furniture Works. — John P. Allen and George H. Grant associated, in 1865, under the Arm of Allen & Grant, for the manufacture of Allen's patent self- supporting school desks. In 1868, Air. Allen died ; and soon after, Mr. Grant took as a partner, Joseph Marcliant, who, in April, 1869, sold his interest to Joshua Nickerson and Wm. Wooton, when the company took its present name, George H. Grant & Co. In December, 1869, Turner W. Haynes bought the interest of Mr. Wooton ; and in January, 1870, A. W. Kempleman became a partner. The business was commenced in South Sixth street. The increased demand for the Richmond school furniture required the enlargement

CITY OF RICHMOND. 383

of their works; and new buildings Avere erected on the corner of Ninth and ISToble streets. Both the quantity and variety of furniture manufactured has increased. There are here made school desks and scats of various styles and sizes, reci- tation seats, settees for halls and depots, counters on iron frames, counting-house desks, church pews, library and cab- inet cases, gymnastic apparatus, etc. The quantity of lumber annually used by these works is about 300,000 feet. The number of hands employed is about 15, and the value of products sold about .^40,000 a year.

Sash, Door, and Blind and School Furniture Manufac- tory.— In 185G, llollopater & Barnard commenced the manu- facture of doors, sash, and blinds, at the corner of Sixth and Walnut streets; and in 1859 sold the establishment to Ezra Smith, James Smith, and Asa S. Smith. The business has since been conducted under the lirm of Ezra Smith & Co., Avithout change of partnership, except by the reti ement of Asa S. Smith, six months after it was formed. The present proprietors have added to their machiney a planing mill, and to their manufactures the various articles of school furiiUiire, and all kinds of joiners' work for buildings. Tliej' employ about 20 hands, and sell of their products annually to the value of about §40,000.

Burial Case and Casket Manufactory. — The manufacture of sash, doors, and blinds was commenced about the year 1854, by Smith & Hyde, corner of Sixth and Market streets. The establishment passed successively into the hands of the following firms : Ilasecoster & Bowten, (who removed it to Fort Wayne avenue,) Ilasecoster & Kane, and Hasecoster & Stephens. In February, 1867, Jesse M. Ilutton, George Ilasecoster, Samuel S. Cause, and Yim. P. Hutton became proprietors, under the lirm name of J. M. Ilutton & Co. In January, 18G8, they removed to their new building on the south-west corner of ISTinth and jNoble streets. In June, 18G9, George Sherman and Matthew II. Dill were admitted as part- ners; and the company was incorporated under the general law of the legislature, without change of name. In 1869, the manufacture of wooden burial cases and eashis was added to their business, and has already become quite extensive.

384 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

Their new shop was a three-story brick building, 105 by 40 feet. The new branch of business requiring an increase of room, a new brick building, 100 by 25 feet, three stories high, was erected on the north-east corner of Noble and Mnth streets, which has since been enlarged by an addition of equal dimensions. Orders for these cases are received from the western and south-western states. In the two branches of this establishment, about 40 persons are employed; nearly 700,000 feet of lumber are consumed; and between $40,000 and §50,000 in value of products are sold in a year.

Since the foregoing was written, the first mentioned of these buildings — that in which the manufacturing was chiefly done — with its machinery and other contents, was destroyed by fire, October 4, 1870. In fifty-five days, a new three-story brick building was erected on the same spot, and in success- ful operation. The loss was estimated at $22,000, and no portion covered by insurance. The business is now confined to the burial case and casket manufacture, which has been greatly increased. About 50 persons are now employed, and the amount of sales has been augmented in a much greater proportion.

Empire Steel Plow Factory. — This business was com- menced in 1832 by Solomon and David S. Horney, by whom it was continued for about eight years, and thereafter by Solomon Horney until about the year 1848, when he was again joined by his former partner, and the business was car- ried on in the name of S. & D. S. Horney. In 1850, S. Horney again assumed the sole proprietorship. In 1852, George McCallough became a partner; and in 1853, Elwood Patter- son— firm, S. Horney & Co., which has continued to the present time. This has become one of the more important manufacturing establishments of the city. At a not very re- mote period, it turned out about 500 plows ^annually. Its products have risen to upward of 5,000 a year. Cultivators and other agricultural implemeuts also are to some extent manufactured. About 30 persons are employed, and the value of products annually sold is about $70,000.

Richmond Plow Works. — In 1865, the manufacturing of steel plows was commenced by Bratz, Meir & Co., 394, 396,

CITY OF RICHMOND. 885

308 Miiui street. In 18G7, tlio firm Avas cliangod to Bratz, Perry & Co., and in 1869 to Oran Terry. The molds, sliares, and all other parts of the plows coming in contact with the soil, are made of German and cast steel, and polished on emery belt. The number of plows made at these works the first year was 150 ; the last year about 2,500. They are sold in the states of Indiana, Illinois, Ohio, AVisconsin, Missouri, Kentucky, and Tennessee, and at prices from $10 to §40.

Carriage Manufactories. — Peter Crocker, the proprietor of an establishment of this kind on Main street, commenced business in tliis city as a blacksm th in 1837. In 1815, he commenced the wagon-making business. Siiiee 1852, he has confined himself to the manufacturing of fine carriages, which, for quality of material, for neatness and durability, are scarcely surpassed by those of any similar establishment in the state. The value of the products of this manufactory has been from §12,000 to $15,000 annually.

Stephen S.Strattan, a native of Richmond, commenced car- riage-making in 1859, on Fort Wayne avenue, where he still continues the business. He wrought first at repairing and the ;iiaking of peddlers' wagons. He has gradually enlarged his shop and extended his business, until it has become a first-class establishment. Its products have reached the amount of about §14,000 a year.

Hub, Spoke, and Felloe Manufactory. — This business was commenced about the year 1865, by Hare, Test & Co., who run it about three years, and Lemon, Test & Co. about one year. It next passed to I)r. J. P. Mendenhall, wIk), about six months after, sold to Matthews & Brother, [Edward 11. and Wm. J^. Matthews,] who, in 1871, changed their business to the manufacture of patent carriage, wheels. This establish- ment is on the corner of Eighth and jSToble streets.

PiciiMOND Malleable Iron Works. — These works were established during the last year, [1871,] and are already in suc- cessful operation. Its proprietors are E. B. Palmer and H. H. Fetta. They make all kinds of malleable iron cast- inii's: also wao'on, carriao;e, plow, and ai>:ricultural castings. The proprietors contemplate making large additions to their

386 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

works. The estimated cost of the establishment, when com- pleted, will be about |30,000.

Cutlery Manufactory. — This establishment is one mile north of the city near the Hillsboro' turnpike. The build- ings were erected in 1865, by Joseph Comer and Clarkson Moore. Though the variety of the articles here manufac- tured is not great, the quality is said tq be excellent. Pocket- knives and table knives and forks are made a specialty. The works are now in the hands of a stock company, the mem- bers of which are Joseph Comer, John Eoberts, A. P. Stan- ton, and James Comer.

Woolen Manufacture. — Jesse Clark, from ]N"orth Carolina, who had settled about 2 miles north of Eichmond, and built there a fulling-mill, the first in the count , removed his ma- chinery to a building which he had erected at or near the present site of the Green street flou ring-mill. He leased the works to Warner M. Leeds and Samuel Test, who added machinery for carding, spinning, and weaving. In 1825, they sold the lease for the unexpired term to Levinus King and his brothers, Thomas W. and Dean. In 1834, Levinus King became the sole proprietor, and continued such until 1837. ■A company was then formed, styled ^'Eichmond Trading and Manufacturing Company" composed of Levinus King, pro- prietor of the woolen factory, Warner M. Leeds and Isaac E. Jones, owners of the paper mill, and James R. Mendenhall, who had become the owner of the Cox grist-mill. This com- pany continued until 1843, when the property passed out of their hands. Mr. King then hired the establishment, and, after having run it for five or six years, bought it in 1848, and continued the business until 1853. It was afterward converted into a flax-dressing mill.

M In or about the year 1835, Wm. Bancroft started a luoolen factory half a mile below town, where Mering's grist-mill now is. He continued the manufacturing business about three years. It then passed into the hands of Caleb Shrieve, who rented it a year to Levinus King, and a year to Christian Buhl, when it was discontinued.

CITY OF RICHMOND. 387

EicHMOND Woolen Mills. — The establisliment of these mills in 1865, by Richard Jackson and Elias H. Swayne, on the site of the old grist-mill of Jeremiah Cox, and subsequently of the flouring-mill of Basil Brightwell, has been mentioned. About six months after, Henry C. Dunn became a partner; after which time the name of the firm, Jackson, Swayne & Dunn, has remained without eliange. The building was much enlarged, and the machinery greatly extended and improved, until it was surpassed by few manufactories of the kind in the West. The building was of wood, five stories high. The goods made at these mills consisted chiefly of cassimeres, jeans, satinets, blankets, and yarns, which were considered equal in quality to similar goods made in eastern mills. They re- ceived complimentary notices at the expositions in Chicago and Cincinnati ; and at the latter, premiums were received on sati- nets, flannels, and yarn. These mills gave employment to about 75 hands; consumed annually about 150,000 pounds of wool, costing about 45 cents a pound ; and turned out manu- factured products yearly to the value of 8200,000. They con- tained three sets of carding machines, four j;icks, (960 spindles,) and twenty-nine looms; and had the capacity to produce 4,500 yards of different kinds of cloth, and 1,000 pounds of j^arn per week. About a year ago, and since the above sketch was prepared, these mills, with their contents, were destroyed by fire. A small proportion of the loss was covered, by insurance.

Mount Vernon "Woolen ]Mill. — This mill is on the White- water, about a mile and a half below the city. It was estab- lished in 1855, by Alpheus Test, It was destroyed by fire ia 1857, and rebuilt by Alpheus Test and Abijah Moflitt. A year or two later, the firm was changed to A. Test & Co. In 1865, William, Kufus, and Oliver, sons of Alpheus Test, became pro- prietors, and under the firm of Test & Brothers, have conducted the concern until the present time. In 1866, it was again burned down, the proprietors sutfering a loss of 89,000, and was immediately rebuilt. Although various kinds of cloth are made to some extent, it is now chiefly employed in the manufacture of stocking yarn of all kinds for machine and hand knitting. It gives employment to about fifteen hands, and its products amount to about §25,000 or §30,000 a year.

388 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

Fleecy Dale Woolen Factory, — Tliis manufactory was es- tablished by BeDJamin Illbbard in 1825, on the site of a saw- mill previously owned by Hawkins. (?) It was in or about the year 1849 bought of Hibbard by Benjamin Bond and Alpheus Test, and conducted by them for several years ; next by Sam- uel Nixon and Ezekiel Aikin until 1865 ; and since, by Eze- kiel Aikin and Samuel Porter, [E. Aikin & Co.,] to the present time. Custom work, chiefly, is done at this establishment. Its fabrics are blankets, flannels, satinets, jeans, and stocking yarn, which are sold, or exchanged for wool, at the manufactory. It is situated about a mile and a half above the city, on Whitewater.

Richmond Knitting Factory. — Among the manufacturing establishments of Richmond worthy of note, is the stocking manufactory of John H. Hutton. It was established on Main street, near Seventh, in 1867, when only a single Lamb knitting machine was used. It was removed, in 1868, to Fifth street. The number of machines now employed is eighteen, each op- erated by a female; turning out, in the aggregate, about 150, dozen pairs of woolen socks per week. Some of the more ex- perienced girls knit three dozen, and in a few instances as many as three and a half dozen pairs in a day. A large num- ber of women are employed at their homes, in putting on the tops and closing up the heels. Orders for these goods have been received from l^ew York and Philadelphia ; but chiefly from Chicago. Also, tine articles of ladies and children's hose are manufactured here. Goods to the value of about $25,000 a year are turned out by the establishment.

A Cotton Factory was built by Charles W. Starr, about the year 1831, just above the Williamsburg turnpike bridge. He run it several years, and sold the property to Job Swain, who sold the machinery, and converted the building into a j^eg factory. It passed to Isaac E. Jones, who changed it to a silk factory, which was changed to a grist-mill, called the " Spring Mill." This was bought several years after by Joseph P. Laws, who converted it into a tannery, which also has been discontinued.

Richmond Loom Works.— These works were established by

Thomas G. Thompson, in 1862. In June, 1866, Ballard

became a partner, and in 1869, Wm. H. Vandeman; (firm, Thompson, Ballard, & Co.) Ballard retired the same year;

CITY 'OF RICHMOND. 389

since which time, the business has been carried on by Thomp- son & Vandeman. Two different looms are made at these works: the Flying Shuttle Hand Loom, and the Self- Acting Hand Loom. Improvements in these looms were patented in Sept., 1867. More than 1,200 of them have been made and put into operation. One of these looms may serve a number of families. They are used for weaving cassimeres, jeans, sati- nets, linsey, flannel, wool and rag carpets, &c. This firm has added to their business the manuflicture of School Furniture, embracing the various articles necessary for the school-room.

Paper Mills. — The Public Ledger, in 1827, contained the following announcement : " Mr. Smith is progressing finely with his paper-mill ; and we hope in the fall to \Q^\\Qi\iQ Ledger on a sheet manufactured at Richmond." The death of the proprietor in the spring of 1828, disappointed the hope of the editor. In 1830, however, a paper mill was put in operation by Leeds & Jones, under the superintendence of John Easton. This mill afterward was a part of the property of the Rich- mond Manufacturing and Trading Company, elsewhere no- ticed. It afterward came into the possession of the Nixon Brothers ; and the establishment has been owned chiefly by that family to the present time. About a year ago, the mill was destroyed by fire, and a new one has been erected in its place. The Nixons have also, near the same spot, a mill for the manufacture of paper flour sacks and other articles.

A paper mill was also built in 1853, by Timothy Thistle- thwaite. Miles J. Shinn, and Joseph C. Ratliff", and operated for a time by the company, and afterward by Thistlethwaite, who discontinued the paper mill, and added the power to that of his grist-mill, [now Bush's mill,] which has a fall of 47 feet.

Richmond Linseed Od jllill was started in 1852, by Bursou & Evans, [D. S. Burson and J. P. Evans.] It had a capacity to manufacture, yearly, about 50,000 bushels of flaxseed. It was destroyed by fire, Feb. 7, 1864, at a loss of about §75,000. It was replaced by a three-story brick building, 80 by 60 feet, and is owned and run b}^ J. W. Burson & Co., [J. W. and E. T. Burson,] and has a capacity of 80,000 bushels of seed a year. It is one of the best arranged and best constructed mills of

390 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

the kind in the West. This mill stands on the north side of East Fork, on the Newport turnpike.

Flouring Mills. — Thomas Newman, about the year 1825, built a grist-mill on West Fork, near liichmond. About the year 1853, it was bought of Newman's heirs by Thomas Hunt & Co. It has since been owned by Timothy Thistlethwaite, and is now the property of Davis Bush, of Quincy, 111., who has recently remodeled, enlarged, and improved it. It is now considered equal to any mill in the county, and manufactures, it is said, about 1,000 baruels a week. It is propelled both by steam and water power.

Benjamin and Ezra Hill own a large flouring mill half a mile north of the city. Mering's mill stands about half a mile below the National bridge. The Nordyke mill, in the city, now run by H. C. Wright & Co., has been mentioned. There is also a steam grist-mill on Sixth street, near the depot.

Wholesale Trade.

Groceries. — Forkner & Elmer, [James Forkner and Charles . N. Elmer,] opened a wholesale grocery store at 149 Fifth street and 3 Noble street, in September, 1865. Andrew F. Scott became a partner, in October, 1867; since which time the business has been conducted by Forkner, Scott & Elmer. Average annual sales for several years, ending in 1870, were about $300,000.

Howard & Grubbs, [John R. Howard and John W. Grubbs,] commenced business as wholesale grocers, in 1860. In 1867, Elijah K. Harvey was admitted as a partner ; and under the firm name of How^ard, Grubbs & Co., the business was continued until the autumn of 1871, when Mr. Grubbs retired. The business is still continued by the other members of the firm, at 204 and 206 Fort Wayne avenue. Sales the first year, $90,000;. the last year, [ending in 1870,] about $400,000.

Mr. Grubbs has formed a new partnership, and built a new brick store on Noble street, opposite the railroad depot.

Dry Goods. — Spencer, Crocker & Co. [Wm. F. Spencer, Al-

vin E. Crocker, and Haines,] established a wholesale dry

goods store in 1866. Crocker retired in 1867. The name of the present firm is, and for several years has been, W. F. Spencer

CITY OF RICHMOND. 391

& Brother. [Wm. F. and John Spencer.] Sales have for sev- eral 3'ears averaged about §150,000. Store, Fifth street, near Xoble.

Thomas B. Vanaernam and Lorenzo Williams commenced, in 1866, a wholesale trade in boots and shoes, in connection with that branch of the dry goods trade usually termed ''•No- tions,'' to which the business is now chiefly confined. In 1808, Williams retired from tlie coneeri ; and Mr. Vanaernam con- tinues sole proprietor. The business, which has been steadily increasing, amounted, in 1870, to about 860,000 or §70,000 a year.

Drugs and Medicines. — Awdiolesale drug store was opened in 1868, by Plummer & Morrisson, [Jonathan W. Plnmmer and Robert, son of James L. Morrisson,] 'No. 193 Fort Wayne avenue, having a Fifth street front of double width. Though a comparatively new establishment, its sales have attained an amount of from $100,000 to §125,000 a year.

QuEENSWARE AND Glassware. — In 1803, T. F. Bailey & Co. [Thomas F. Bailey, AVm. P. Ratlilf, and AYm. Bailey.] com- menced the crockery [queensware] and glassware trade. They continued their wholesale business at No. 147 Fifth street, Reid's block, and their retail store on Main street, until 1871. Their sales the iirst year amounted to about $9,000 ; the last, ending in 1870, §99,000. They discontinued business in Rich- mond in 1871.

Iron Stores. — William AY. Foulke, in 1854, succeeded Mor- decai Parry, at his present stand, on Xoble street, in the iron and heavy hardware trade; the stock consisting of bar, band, hoop, and sheet-iron, nails, anvils, and such articles generally as are wanted by blacksmiths, mill builders, and others — which are sold at wholesale and retail. Mr. Foulke has con- tinued in the business till t e present time, having, however, been in the meantime associated with many partners, under the several tirms of Foulke & Fish, Fouy^e & Shoemaker, Foulke, Shoemaker & Coffin, Foulke & Co., the partner being Timothy Thistlethwaite. The latter has retired.

Howell Grave, in 1861, established a similar store, near that of Wm, Foulke, which is still continued.

Woolen Machinery, &c.— Adams & Iladley, [J. Adams and

392 HISTORY OF WAYNE COIINTY.

Wm. L. Hadley,] have recently established themselves as deal- ers in woolen machinery, dyestuffs, cotton warps, belting and factory supplies of all kinds. Their store is at No. 15 Noble street, opposite the railroad depot.

Banks.

State Bank or Indiana. — This bank was chartered in 1833. Indiana was then comparatively a new state, with no rail- roads, and few turnpikes or other public improvements, no cities or large towns. There was but little capital in the state. Few men had accumulated wealth — very few who did not find it necessary to labor for their daily bread. The state took one-half of the stock of the bank, and borrowed the money on its bonds in New York to pay it, and at the same time borrowed enough to aid the subscribers, by loan, in pay- ing their stock. Ten branches were organized, which did all the business with the public, the state bank being merely an office to which the branches reported. The stock was all taken by honorable and excellent men. The control always remained in such hands ; and the business was managed with prudence and success. The bank did much to increase the resources and wealth of the country, and proved a great benefit to the community, as well as profitable to the stock- holders. At its close it paid off the entire debt created by the state to start it, and left a surplus of several millions of dollars, which was wisely appropriated by its charter to the school fund of the state, and made the basis of the munificent fund by which free schools are supported in every school dis- trict. The great success of this bank was due to the high character and ability of its ofiicers and directors. Few changes occurred in its managers during its existence.

The Branch at Richmond commenced business on the 1st of December, 1834. The stock was made up in Richmond and in "Wayne and adjoining counties, principally in small sums, and diff"used among all classes of the community. Most of its directors were residents of Richmond ; but the counties of Fayette, Union, Henry, and Randolph were generally rep- resented in the board. Its loans were made in small sums through all these counties, and did much to develop the re-

CITY OF RICHMOND. 393

sources of the country, and to aid those who were struggling for a competency. Meetings of the board were hokl weekly ; and all notes were passed upon by them. The bank was generally crowded on "discount day" Avith applicants for loans ; and the ofticers frequently hud to remain at the bank- ing room until late at night to "enter up," and be prepared to pay out, next day, the proceeds of notes discounted.

Kobcrt Morrisson was the largest stockholder. He had been a prosperous Ijusiness man, and was comparatively wealthy. He now retired from business, and being one of the directors of the state bank, was rarely .absent from the quarterly meetings of its board; and by his well-known in- tegrity, decided character, and good sense, did much to form the character of the state bank. Achilles "Williams was the first i)resident of the Richmond branch. He was an old cit- izen, upright, deservedly popular, and universally esteemed, and aided in giving character to the new bank. He served a year or two, and resigned to take a place in the state senate.

Albert C. Blanchard succeeded Mr. Williams as president of the l)aidv until the expiration of its charter — about 23 years. At the time of his election he was a young merchant, who had resided a few years in Richmond. He was possessed of excellent business habits and an unblemished character. His means were not large, yet with a high sense of honor and witli good management, he never allowed a debt to run over- due. He had by great industry built up a large trade in Wayne and the neighboring counties. Attending to the de- tails of every branch of his business, he grew in prosperity, and by his correct deportment gained the respect of the com- munity.

For several years Mr. Blanchard gave the bank only par- tial attention; but as his stock and his interest in it increased, he gave it more time, until he closed his mercantile business, and gave the bank his undivided attention. Under his ad- ministration the bank increased rapidly in business and prof- its. It sometimes passed through the ordeal of panics and suspensions, but always came out unharmed; and its jiresi- dent came to be regarded as one of the most successful finan- ciers in the West.

394 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

Elijah Coffin was the first and onlj cashier of this bank. He opened its doors in 1834, and closed them in 1859. His well-known signature appeared on all its notes. He had been for several years engaged in mercantile business at Milton, and was temporarily residing at Cincinnati when he was elected cashier. He was a leading member of the society of Friends, widely known and highly respected ; and his genial nature and pleasant address contributed much to the popularity of the institution. Prudent and cautious, he ven- tured little himself, and always advised a safe, conservative ptolicy. Ever looking to the interests of the stockholders, he watched carefully the expenditures of the bank, and the solv- ency and promptitude of its paper. He died in 1862, three years after the expiration of its charter.

The building at present occupied by the Richmond National Bank was erected for the old state bank in 1834. Silver was then used as a legal tender; and the original stock was paid in silver coin, which, before the vault was completed, was kept in several large kegs and boxes, and watched day and night by several prominent citizens, in turn, in a store-room in the village. The bank notes Avere redeemed in silver coin. In the course of business money was frequently conveyed in large farm-wagons to and from Cincinnati, a journey requiring three or four days. Some of the wagoners who conveyed such loads are still living, and relate an amusing experience in guarding against the difliculties and dangers of the trip.

The speculation in public lands about the year 1836 brought many land-buyers, on horseback, through Richmond, and as coin only was taken at the land- offices, tlie horses were often fatigued and their backs made sore by the heavily- loaded saddle-bags. Many stopped, and exchanged their money at the bank for paper, rather running the risk of buy- ing the coin at the land-office than carry it further.

The bank, conducted in the manner stated, prospered and became the principal monetary center of a large extent of country. Before the days of railroads and express com- panies, almost all the balances of the bank at Cincinnati and other commercial points were created by the transmission of money, which was generally sent by one of the officers, or

• is

* ♦

CITY OF RICHMOND. 395

some other trusty person, traveling either b}' stage, which was about twenty hours in going to Cincinnati, or by private conveyance, taking the greater part of two days when the roads were in good condition.

The notes of the banks of many of the states were uncur- rent in other states; and persons traveling or removing were often obliged to exchange them at a discount. The bank at Richmond aided much in facihtating business of this kind, and, as first turnpikes, then raih-oad-^, were constructed, con- formed to the change they produced, and still aided, in other ways, the growing business of the country. Those acquainted only with the present time, when there are so many means for the transmission 'of funds, and when there is a uniform national cuirency, can scarcely realize how great has been the change since the commencement of the State Bank of Indiana.

Bank of the State of Indiana. — In anticipation of the expiration of the charter of the state bank, the legislature, in 1855, passed the charter of the Banlc of the State of I/n/iana. The managers of the old bank purchased the stock in most of the branches, and assumed the management of the new bank, a responsibility for which their large experience had eminently fitted them. Hugh McCulloch, of Fort Wayne, afterward secretary of the treasury, was the president.

The branch at Richmond was organized with Albert C. Blancliard as president, and Charles F. Coffin as cashier, and took the room and place of business of the state bank. It did a large and prosperous business; but the uncertainty caused by the war, and the heavy taxation imposed on state banks by Congress, in order to drive them out of business, led its stockholders, in 1865, to wind up the institution. In the same year, the

Richmond Xational Bank was established under the national banking law, was opened in the room occupied by the liank of the state, and previously built for the state bank. Charles F. Coffin Avas elected president, and Albert II., son of Albert C, cashier. This institution is still in successful operation.

Citizens' Bank, — Several years before the expiration of the

390 HISTORY OF AVAYNE COUNTY.

charter of the old state bank, Kichmond having rapidly in- creased in population, wealth, and business, there seemed to be an opening for another bank; and in the jeav 1853, a private partnership was formed, consisting of Robert Morrisson, Albert C. Blanchard, and Charles F. Coffin, under the style of Mor- risson, Blanchard & Co., and a bank was opened, called Cit- izens' Bank. Its first place of business was a small room on Main street, between Marion and Pearl. Its business was the same as that of the chartered bank, except that it did not issue notes for circulation. The large capital and high character of its proprietors secured for it unlimited credit and a prosperous business. A larger banking office being soon needed, the present large and elegant building on the corner of Main and Pearl streets was erected. Its banking room is one of the finest and most complete in the country. It has always been the policy of the Citizens' Bank to foster the trade and busi- ness of Richmond; and its loans have been made to small mechanics starting in business, as well as to the larger estab- lishments which needed aid.

In 1865, Robert Morrisson died|; and his only child, James L. Morrisson, succeeded to his business. Albert C. Blanchard had previously [in 1863], after so many years of active devo- tion to business, retired therefrom, and on account of the ill health of some members of his family, reluctantly left the scene of his active labors — the home of his adoption — and the companions of his business life ; and, having withdrawn his pecuniary interest from Indiana, he removed to Massachusetts, where he had purchased the home of his ancestors, and where he now lives in quiet retirement. He was succeeded in busi- ness by his son Albert H. Blanchard, the bank being still con- tinued in the name of Morrisson, Blanchard & Co., by Charles F. Coffin (one of the original proprietors), James L. Morris- son, and Albert II. Blanchard.

The First National Bank of Richmond, organized nnder authority of the controller of the currency, to continue for the term of nineteen years, commenced business Jul}^ 13, 1863. Its capital stock was $110,000. Its directors were James E. Reeves, Edward W. Yarrington, Joshua Holland, Wm. S. Reid, John W. Grubbs, Isaac P. Evans, J. H. Moorman, J.

CITY OF RICHMOND. 397

Vanuxem, Jun., and Andrew F. Scott. Only two changes in the board have occurred: Thomas Woodnut in the place of Joshua Holland, resigned; and Mark E. Reeves in the place of E. W. Yarrington, deceased. At its commencement James E. Reeves was chosen president; Edward "W". Yarrington, cashier; Clement "W. Ferguson, teller; J, F. Reeves, book- keeper. In January, 1865, T. G. Yarrington was elected cashier in the place of E. W. Yarrington, resigned; David II. Dougan in the place of J. F. Reeves, resigned. In Septem- ber, 1866, John B. Dougan was appointed assistant book- keeper and messenger. In Xovember, 1870, J. F. Reeves was chosen cashier in the place of T. G. Yarrington, resigned.

In Ma}^ 1864, the capital stock was increased §55,000, and in May, 1865, §35,000, making the present capital §200,000, all invested in United States 6 per cent, bonds.

During a period of nearly eight years since the organization of the bank, it has loaned between thirteen and fourteen mill- ions of dollars, including over ten thousand bills and notes discounted ; and the entire losses incurred amount to less than four hundred dollars.

Schools.

The schools in Riclimond, at the time of its incorporation as a town, were probably but little in advance of those of the sur- rounding country. But as is usual among dense populations, embracing persons of the diliorent trades and professions, the improvement of the schools was more rapid. Teachers of su- perior qualifications sought these places for greater compensa- tion.

The general government had wisely appropriated a section of land [iSTo. 16,] in every original township for the support of schools. But it was many years before this fund afforded any considerable aid. Taxation was at length to some extent re- sorted to. Other sources of income to tlie school fund have been provided, and improvements made in the school system, until the schools of this state, under its well-devised s\'stem, have attained to a position equal to that of the schools of most of her sister states.

The Friends, at an early day, established a school in the town. After the separation in 1828, the dissenting portion established one also, and built both a meeting-house and a school-house

5y» HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

near the junction of Franklin street and Fort Wayne avenue. These private or select schools have been continued, with the exception of a few brief intervals, to the present time. The school building of the old society stands near the old White- water meeting-house. The other society sold their buildings a few years ago, and built on the square, between Eighth and Ninth streets, a meeting-house and a three-story brick school building, in which a good school is sustained.

There are two large public school-houses in the city. A large, elegant brick house was erected, to take the place of the old one on the public square conveyed to the town by John Smith, in the south part of the town, between Front and Pearl streets. On JSTorth Fifth street, the present three-story brick house was bnilt several years since; and the old frame meeting-house alluded to is used for the instruction of one of the departments.

From the report of the city superintendent, J. McISTeill, it appears that the value of school property is §60,000 ; seating accommodations, 1,650; assessed value of city property, $5,260,301 ; number of children in the city entitled to the ben- efits of the public schools, 3,335 ; number of pupils enrolled dur- ing the year, 2,100; average number in daily attendance, 1,514.

The treasurer reports the amount received during the year from the special fund, §11,696.55 ; and the amount of expenses, $10,767.15. The amount received during the year from the tuition fund, $18,842.94, making the total receipts, $30,539.49. The total expenditures were $27,-071.90.

Eaiiham College.

This institution is one mile west of Eichmond, on the ISTa- tional road. It has a compass of 160 acres. This land is a part of what were formerly known as the Cook and Stewart farms, Avhich were purchased by Indiana Yearly Meeting of Friends, in the year 1832.

In 1847, the school was opened in two-fifths of the present building, and in the years 1853-54, the remainder was com- pleted. This institution was called " Friends' Boarding School " till 1859, when it received its college charter. It is under

CITY OF RICHMOND. 399

the charge of a board of managers appointed by Indiana Yearly Meeting. Its first president was Barnabas C. Ilobbs, late superintendent of public instruction for the state of Indi- ana. There is both a preparatory and a college department, with two courses of study for each — a classical and a scientific.

There are six professorships, as follows: 1. Moral philoso- ph}' and geology. 2. Greek and Latin languages. 3. Mathe- matics and astronomy. 4. Chemistry and botany. 5. ]\Lodern languages and histor3\ 6. English literature. Besides the professors in these several departments, there are from two to throe teachers in the preparatory department.

The college has a well furnished reading-room, and a library of over 3,000 volumes. The contents of a well selected cabi- net represent chiefly comparative anatoni}', geology, conchol- ogy, and mineralogy.

Both sexes are admitted to the institution, and have equal privileges and opportunities.

Rdiglous Societies.

Friends. — The reader of the preceding pages must have ob- served that most of the earliest settlers in AVayne county vrere members of the society of Friends. Dr. riummer, in his His- torical Sketch of Kichmond, says : "A meeting of this society was established here as early as 1807, and was first held in a log building vacated by Jeremiah Cox, and b}' him furnished with seats ;" and "soon afterward," he says, "in the old log meeting-house of 1823, standing near the site of the present large brick one." Of this he remai'ks : " I remember its leaky roof, letting the rain through upon tlie slab benches with three pair of legs and no backs ; its charcoal fires kept in sugar ket- tles, (for as yet stoves Avere not })rocnred,) and the toes ]iinched with cold, of the young who sat remote from the ket- tles." Jesse Bond, John Morrow, and William Williams were among their earliest ministers.

The first yearly meeting is said to have been held here in 1821, in the log house. But as this house could not contain the many hundreds of Friends expected from all directions, and many of them from a great distance, a temporary Iniild- ino; or shed was erected for the mule members, the house being

400 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

designed for the females. As the country was as yet sparsely settled, and as many of the settlers still lived in their log houses, it was a mattter of some speculation how lodging and entertainment could be furnished for so large a number as were expected from abroad. Notwithstanding the bad roads, the attendance was large. Some came on horseback, others in farm wagons, with a covering of cloth stretched over wooden bows. As to their accommodations and fare during the meet- ing, it is sufficient to say, they were satisfied.

At this meeting measures were taken to build a yearly meet- ing-house. A committee was appointed to report the next year. According to this report, a brick house was to be built, 110 feet long, 60 feet wide, and sufficiently higli to admit of a youth's gallery ; the funds to be raised by a tax upon the mem- bers of the meeting, now composed of several quarterly meet- ings. Although the people were yet poor, the house was built, its cost and appearance exhibiting a striking contrast with the expense and style of houses of worship built at the present time. The following statement of materials and cost is said to have appeared in the Public Ledge?' : The number of perches of stone in the foundation, 225; 66,000 bricks; 6,473 feet of hewed timber; 1,250 feet of sawed scantling; 43,200 shingles; 1,020 panes of glass. The walls of the lower story were 22 inches thick; of the upper, 18 inches. Expenditures in cash were $3,489.91. Of the value of labor performed by members and other citizens without charge, probably no account was ever kept.

Its walls were finished in 1823 ; but the building was not completed until the next year. The old house still performs its wonted service. "Within its walls and inclosures thousands continue to assemble to transact the business of the meeting, to witness its proceedings, and to listen to the addresses of their preachers. The building of a new house has been pro- posed, but the proposition has as yet failed to receive the approval of any yearly meeting.

The other society of the Friends, finding their grounds and house of worship insufficient for the uses of the society, and desiring a better location, sold their property, and purchased the square between Eighth and Ninth streets, and east of

CITY OF RICHMOND. 401

B^oadwa3^ A more eligible site conld not have been selected. On these grounds they erected, in 1865, their neat and commo- dious meeting-house, and, in 1867, their three-story brick school-house, in which a school of a high order is maintained. Presbyterian Church. — This church was formed Novem- ber 15, 1839. By appointment of Presbytery, Rev. Peter II. Golliday and Eev. Edgar Hughes were present for the purpose of examining members. The persons composing the church at the time of its organization were : John Douo-au, John B. Taylor, Thomas Young, Matthew B. Cochran, Ellis G. Young, Ebeuezer Bishop, and Larkin Gordon, with their wives, ]\Iargaret Fryar, Mary Fryar, Cynthia Fryar, Fieldino- Young, Margaret E. Young, AYm. Clenedist, Jane Williams, Ann Sayre, Eliza Hamilton, I^ancy Park, I'arnielia Maxwell,

Wm. McGookin, Sarah Sturdovant, AYatson, Sarah

Jefiries, Wm. McGlathery, Lavina Fryar, Sarah Thompson. The first elders chosen were : John Dougan, Yv^m. McGlath- ery, and John B. Taylor. The names of those who have since been elected to this office are : Moses C. Browning, "VYm. L. Fryar, Thomas Hannah, AYm. Blanchard, Robert Fox, Almond Samson, Wm. C. Scott, John Cheney, Daniel K. Zeller. The iirst minister was Charles Sturdevant, whose pastorate continued about four years. Those who have since served the church as preachers are: Thomas Whallon ; A. R. Is^aylor ; F. P. Monfort, about five years ; Rev. McGuire, who, after about a year and a half, died; John F. Smith, three or four years; "\Y. H. Yan Doren, three or four years. In July, 1864, L. "W. Chapman became minister of the church, and continued until May, 1870. In Jul}- following, J. ]\1, Hughes commenced his labors, and was installed as pastor a few months afterward. For a short time after the organization of the church, their meetings were held in the house of the United Presbyterians. The next year they built a frame meeting-house on Front street, between Walnut and Market streets. Their present brick church edifice on South Fifth street was commenced in July, 1852, and dedicated in Janu- ary or February, 1854.

United Presbyterian Church. — This church, at the time of its organization, was called the Associate Beformcd Prcsby- 28

402 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

terian Church. The records of this church prior to October, 1842, having be'eu lost, the few facts of its early history here given are furnished chiefly from recollection, by one who was a member at the time of its organization. At the time of his settlement here, there were but few Presbyterians in this vicinity. The first sermon from a Presbyterian minister is supposed to have been preached by Alexander Porter, in 1824. Only occasional preaching, however, was had for many years. The first pastor, or settled minister, was Wm. M. Boyce, in 1835 or 1836. A frame meeting-house was built on Pearl street, south of Main. Among those who became members at and near the time of the organization were: Robert Grimes, Daniel Reid, A. Grimes, Jeremiah. L. Meek, and John Reid, with their wives, widow Grimes, Mary Kibby, James McFadden, Mary Davidson, Isaac Conley. Robert Grimes and Daniel Reid were chosen elders. The name of Joseph McCord appears on record as an elder at a meeting of the session in 1843. The pastorate of Mr. Boyce terminated in 1851 ; after which the church had for many years no set- tled pastor or stated preaching. In 1858, it assumed the name of the United Presbyterian Church, and Adrian Aten became its pastor. In August, 1862, Robert Grimes, one of its elders, died. In October, 1863, "Wm. S. Reid and John J. Conle}^ were chosen elders. In 1864, it is believed, the labors of Mr. Aten as pastor ceased ; and on the 7th of May, 1866, iSTixon E. Wade was ordained and installed. About the same time the society decided to build anew house of worship; and in November following, [1866,] Wm. S. Reid was chosen "to take the entire superintendence of the new church build- ing." David H. Dougan was elected treasurer ; and Daniel Reid, John J. Conley, and David H. Dougan, trustees for the ensuing year. On Sabbath, September 15, 1867, the congre- gation entered their new house of worship for the first time. The opening sermon was preached by Wm. Davidson, D. D., of Hamilton, Ohio. July 17, 1869, A. M. Weed was chosen an elder. In February, 1870, Rev. Joseph W. Clokey, the pres- ent pastor, commenced his labors, and was installed the 28th of April following.

CITY OF RICHMOND. 403

Methodist Churches. — Next to that of the Friends, the first religious society in Richmond was the Methodist JEpiscojmL The exact date of its organization is not easily ascertained. Dr. PUimmer says: "The first meeting was hekl in 1819 in a small log house on Front street. Daniel Fraley was perhaps the first preacher in this section of country. He officiated in 1814 [it was in 1816] to Chryst, the first legally convicted murderer in Wayne county. John W. Sullivan was the first stationed Methodist minister in Richmond." Rev. R. Toby, in his discourse in Pearl Street church, April 4,1869, on the origin and progress of Methodism in Richmond, says, that in 1822, Russell Bigelow w^as preacher in charge of White- water circuit. [According to Rev. W. C. Smith, in^ a chapter on the "Progress of Methodism," Allen Wiley and James T. Wells were appointed to Whitewater circuit in 1822, and Russell Bigelow in 1823.] We learn further from Mr. Toby, that, after some eflbrt to obtain a house to preach in, the use of a small school-house was obtained. Mr. Bigelow, he says, preached the first sermon delivered by a Methodist in Richmond. A small class was organized, whose meetings were held for a time in the house of Mrs. Pierson. The mem- bers of this class are stated by Rev. Mr. Smith, to have been George Smith and Sarah, his wife, Merc}^ B. Smith, Rachel S. Smith, Stephen Thomas and Margaret, his Avife, and Margaret Pierson. ^

Richmond having been given up for a time, Rev. James Havens, in the autumn of 1825, succeeded in re-establishing Methodism here. A frame meeting-house w^as built on or near the present site of the Pearl Street church; and in 1838, Richmond became a station. In 1851, the present brick church was built; the old frame building having been re- moved to Seventh street, south of and near Main, and con- verted into a dwelling house. The names of the pastors of this church, in the order of their appointment, are : John W. Sullivan, J. Tarkington, J. H. Hull, R. D. Robinson, A. Con- well, W. Wheeler, J. M. Stagg, C. W. Miller, J. H.Hull (sec- ond time), W. H. Goode, f . Webb, J. W. Staftbrd, S. T. Cooper, A. Eddy, V. M. Beamer, H. N. Barnes, J. Col-

404 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

clazer, J. W. T. McMullen, Dr. T. S. Jolinson, now inissionary to India, C. K Sims, N. H. Phillips, E. Toby, and J. V. E. . Miller, the present pastor.

Grace Church [Methodist Episcopal,] was formed, August 24, 1858, chiefly, from members of the Pearl Street church. They bought the property now owned by the Central church, and fitted up the second story for a place of worship, which was named Union Chapel, and occupied by the society until the completion of their new house on the south-west corner of Seventh street and Broadway, which bears the name of Grace Church. This is a large and elegant, as well as the most costly church edifice in the city. It was built in 1868, under the general superintendence of a building committee, consisting of Charles T. Price, Wm. G. Scott, Isaac D. Dunn, E. M. Baylies, Clinton McWhinney, and Lewis Burk. The cost of the building and lot was a little less than $40,000. The names of the ministers in charge, and the years of their appointments, are as follows: J. Y. E. Miller, 1858; F. A. Hardin, 1860 ; A. Greenraan, 1861 ; W. H. Goode, A. S. Kin- nan, 1863; Wm. Wilson, 1865, resigned during the first quarter, and was succeeded by A. Marine, 1865 ; A. S. Kinnan, 1868; E. B. Snyder, 1870; A. A. Brown, 1871.

Central Methodist Episcopal Church. — A society of Methodists, the third charge of that denomination in the city, was organized in 1867. Among the leading men in this movement were : David Sands, Barton "Wyatt, George W. Iliif, James Hamilton, Dr. Daniel Lesh, and AYm. Gor- such. The society occupied a meeting-house, on the corner of Marion and Market streets, until 1868, when David Sands and Barton Wyatt purchased the Union Chapel buildings, on Main street, previously owned by the second church, [Grace.] The place of worship is in the second story, the lower story being occupied by business men. In 1870, the property was bought by the society. The pastors of this church have been : J. E. Layton, Patrick Garland, C. W. Miller, and Thomas Comstock, the present incumbent.

Episcopal Church. — The first Episcopal services in this city were held in the winter of 1837, by Bishop Jackson Kemper, of AViscousin. In the ensuing spring, Eev. Mr.

CITY OF RICHMOND. 405

AValcIo can'ie and preached two months in the Warner buikl- ing. In the snmmer and fall of this year, Eev. George Fisk, sent by the Board of Domestic Missions of that church, com- menced his labors with this society. They occupied, for a time, the Warner building, and then removed to the Masonic Lodge room, in the back part of Joshua AY. Haines' building, on' Main street. The church was regularly organized in Feb- ruary, 1839. The vestrymen elected were: James W.Borden, Stephen B. Stanton, George Arnold, Harmon B.Payne, John D. McClellan. Wardens: James B. Green and H. B. Payne. Clerk, Ebenezer T. Turner. Rev. Mr. Fisk, on account of protracted ill health, resigned his charge in 1855, and died in Februar}^, 1860. Rev, John B. Wakefield was chosen rector on the resignation of Mr. Fisk, and continues to serve the church in that capacity. The society commenced building their present church edifice in 1840, and first occupied the basement in 1842. The house was finished in 1849, and con- secrated the 20th of December of that year.

JSTew Jerusalem Church. — An organization of the New Church in Richmond was effected in October, 1849, by Dr. O. P. Baer, Dr. Joseph Howells, Jacob Purington, Sidney Smith, Wm. Austin, and their families. The society flourished but for a short time. Most of the families removing from the city, its support was devolved chiefly upon Dr. Baer, who procured occasional preaching from missionaries visiting Richmond, meetings being held wherever places could be ob- tained. In 1867, he hired Rev. G. Nelson Smith, of Urbana, Oliio, to preach every four weeks at his residence. And in ]SIarch, 1869, was formed a permanent organization of a so- ciety for a more eff'ective promulgation of the doctrines of the jSTew Church. A meeting was called of " all those persons who believed the doctrines of the Lord, as taught by Emanuel Swedenborg," at which meeting Dr. Baer submitted a decla- ration of principles and doctrine, and a constitution, which were accepted and signed by Dr. O. P. Baer, Mrs. 0. P. Baer, Frank Pruyn, Mrs. A. Pruyn, J. H. Elder, his wife, and daughter, Sarah Wrigley, Julia Finley, Esther Chandler, Martin L. Crocker and his wife, David Strawbridge, and Thomas Deyarmon. Five trustees were elected, to wit :

406 ^ HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

Frank Prnyn, secretary ; 0. P. Baer, treasurer and chair- man; Thomas Deyarmon, David Strawbridge, and John II. Elder. In May following, it was resolved to bnild a church edifice; and a subscription paper was drawn. The lot on the south-east corner of Franklin and Walnut streets was pur- chased for §1,500; and a contract was made for the building of the house for $3,650. The whole cost, in its present con- dition, was about $6,000; of which $2,000 was raised by sub- scription, the remainder by Dr. Baer and his wife. The temple was dedicated on Sunday, January 23, 1870, by Eev. George Field, assisted b}^ Rev. Frank Sewal. Mr. Field was elected as minister, and is serving the society with accept- ance. A Sabbath-school is well sustained by the congrega- tion. The temple is a fine brick structure, of Gothic style, seating comfortably 175 persons.

Baptist Church. — This church and society, which has ex- isted about seven years, commenced holding its meetings in April, 1865, in I^o. 3 Engine Hall, with an attendance of twelve to eighteen persons. A Sabbath-school of 30 scholars was commenced in June following; and on the 30th of July, a church of 22 members was formed. After having wor- shiped in the hall about six months, they met in what was known as Hadley's Hall. In 1866, a lot on Eighth street, near and north of Main, was purchased for a house of wor- ship. In April, 1867, a larger room having become necessary, meetings were held in Phillips' Hall, until the completion of the lecture room of the new church edifice, in January, 1869. This building was commenced in June, 1868, with very limited means within the society. Rev. J. P. Agenbroad, the pastor, E. E. Beetle, and C. S. Farnham, were appointed a building committee, and were also to collect funds. The building has been completed, except the spire and some internal arrangements. By the observance of a strict econ- omy, it has been brought to its present condition, at a cost not exceeding $15,000. It is a spacious, convenient build- ing, containing a pastor's study, and a room designed for festivals ^and other social gatherings. The membership of the church has been increased to about 150. To the assidu-

CITY OF KICIIxMOND. 407

ous labors of its pastor, is the clmrcli greatly indebted for its temporal and spiritual prosperity.

A Congregational Church was organized in Richmond, in 1835. Eev. Peter Crocker, not then residing in the city, commenced preaching to the congregation every alternate Sabljath. The society, having no house of worship of its own, hired a house in the south part of the city. The dea- cons of this church were John Sailor and Phelps. At the

expiration of one year, Mr. Crocker removed to the city, and the congregation became his sole charge. In 1839, the or- ganization was discontinued, and most of its members united with the Presbyterian church.

EiCHMOND Friends' Meeting was organized in 1864. They occupied as their place of worship, a meeting-house on the corner of Marion and Market streets, until 1867, when their present house of worship on Fifth street, commenced in 1866, was completed. This meeting was composed of what is termed the "Orthodox" Friends, and its formation was induced by the excessive numbers of the old meeting, and the inconvenience of attending meeting for worship in the remote part of the city. The new building is a neat and commodious edifice of moderate size, being 75 by 45 feet, and costing about $15,000. The building committee consisted of Charles F. Coffin, Hugh Maxwell, Benj. Johnson, Stephen Mendcnhall, and John Mcholson. This is one of the four preparative meetings which belong to the old Whitewater monthly meeting.

St. Andrew's Church and Congreration, the first Catholic church, for both German and Irish Catholics, was built by Rev. Father John Ryan, in the year 1846, corner of Pearl and Sycamore streets, where now the new church stands. The new building was erected, under Rev. Father J. 13. Secpe, in the year 1859. It is 120 feet long, 60 feet wide, and 40 feet high. In 1870, the steeple was completed, being 110 feet high, and three bells were purchased, and a fine clock, under the direction of the present pastor, Rev. F. Iluiidt. The St. Andrew's congregation has about 200 families, and has three schools under the direction of one male teacher and two sisters.

408 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

German Evangelical Lutheran Church. — This cliurcli [St. John's,] was organized in 1845 or 1846 ; and a brick house of worship was erected in 1846, on South Front street, and en- larged in 1855. Their first pastor was E. C. Shultz ; the pres- ent is Gottlieb Lovenstein. IsTumber of members, about 200.

Another German Evangelical Lutheran Church [St. Paul's,] was organized in 1853, Their house of worship is on South Erauklin street. Their first pastor was Rev, Schamm; the present is J. Rehsteiner. The congregation numbers about the same as that of St. John's.

Irish Catholic Church [St. Mary's.] — The date of its or- ganization has not been furnished. The church building was erected in 1853-54, for the English Evangelical Lutheran Congregation, organized in 1853 ; the expense of the building, §7,000, having been borne principally by Lewis Burk. About twelve years ago, it was purchased by the Catholics, and has since been enlarged. First pastor, Father Aegidius Mertz; second. Father John Villars; and for the last four years, Father Frank Moitrier.

Benevolent Societies.

Children's Home. — This truly benevolent institution is worthy of record in our history. It was established April 1, 1867, and is under the management and control of a society known as the " Union Relief Association" whose object is to aid the indigent of the city. The good work of seeking out the needy and the suffering, and of administering relief, was actively prosecuted for a few years, when it became apparent that greater good could be accomplished by gathering up the destitute children, orphans and half orphans, and those in an equally pitiable condition, abandoned by their natural guardians, and placing them where not only their physical wants would be properly attended to, but where especial care might be bestowed upon their moral and intellectual culture. The object of the institution is to procure for them good and permanent homes, where they may grow up under these wholesome influences, and become useful members of society. The Home has fully met the expectations of its founders, and has thus far been wholly supported by voluntary con-

CITY OP RICHMOND. 409

tribiitions. The beneficial results of the quiet labors of the members of the association, are constantly increasing the number of the friends and patrons of the institution.

Home for the Friendless. — This institution was organized November 4, 1867, under the auspices of the Young Men's Christian Association, by a committee of ladies, appointed by the association. The object of the founders of the Home is the relief of suffering females — women and children — es- pecially the reclamation of that most unfortunate and abandoned class whose reformation is generally supposed to be hopeless. The Home is at present on South Seventh street. Of the inmates, those who are able to labor are furnished with work. Some are provided with homes in good families, or in other ways cared for. The average number of inmates has been less than 25. The number ad- mitted during the year has averaged about 115. Of the class denominated "fallen girls," the yearly average is nearly 50. Among these have been several marked cases of reformation.

The officers of the society are : Ehoda M. Coffin, president ; S. A. Ilift', vice-president; R. A. Mendenhall, secretary; ]Mrs. J. Elder, treasurer; Mrs. E. L. Johnson, superintendent; Mrs. H. A. Stanton, matron.

Building Associations.

The object of a building association is to raise moneys from the savings of its members, to be loaned to members of the association, for use in buying lots or houses, and in build- ing and repairing houses, and for such other purposes as are provided for in the act of the legislature, approved March 5, 1857, authorizing the incorporation of such associations.

The capital stock of each association is limited to §100,000, and is divided into shares of §200 each. Seven of these as- sociations have been organized in Richmond since March, 1870, with an aggregate capital of §700,000. The titles of the associations and the names of their officers are as follows:

Pioneer Building Association, organized March 7, 1870, Directors — Charles P.Peterson, president ; Edward H. Conkle, vice-president; John H. Dickman, secretary; W. P. "Wilson,

410 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

treasurer; Richard A. Howard, James M. Poe, Lewis K. Harris, Frederick Maag, M. E. Hillis.

Richmond Building Association, organized April 18, 1870. Di7'ectors — Daniel K. Zeller, president ; Daniel B. Crawford, vice-president; James J. Russell, secretary; Ethan C. Kelly, treasurer ; James M. Poe, Benj. W. Elliott, Thomas J. Newby, Charles P. Peterson, Jonas W. Yeo.

"Whitewater Building Association, organized January 9, 1871. Directors — James M. Poe, president ; Charles P. Peter- son, vice-president; James J. Russell, secretary; John W. Randall, treasurer; "VVm. H. Brandall, John H. Dickman, George W. Mallis, Arthur A. Curme, Peter Johnson.

Mechanics' Building Association, organized February 7, 1871. Directors — Lewis K. Harris, president; Henr}^ H. MeerhofF, vice-president ; John H. Dickman, secretary ; Wm. Bartel, treasurer; John H. Dickinson, Henry Meyer, Henry Cutter, Richard A. Howard, "W. Hawecotte.

Fifth Building Association, organized February 14, 1871. Directors — Edward Bellis, president ; Oran Perry, vice-presi- dent ; James J. Russell, secretary ; David H. Dougan, treas- urer; Clement W.Ferguson, Arthur A. Curme, James M. Poe, Wm. J. Hiatt, Edward H. Dennis.

Sixth Building Association, organized March 7, 1871. Directors — Frederick Rosa, president ; George H. Snyder, vice- president; John H. Dickman, secretary ; Henry Cutler, treas- urer; D. Feltman, Geo. Schnelle, Geo. Hasecoster, John Koehring, Henry Tieman.

Seventh Building Association, organized April 18, 1871. Directors — John S. Lyle, president; Phil. F. Wiggins, vice- president; James J. Russell, secretary; John B. Dougan, treasurer; James M. Poe, Benj. W.Elliott, James E.Thomas, Stephen S. Strattau, M. W. Hobbs.

Richmond Industrial Association.

This association was organized Ma}^ 12, 1870, with a capital stock of $30,000, divided in shares of $10. It purchased of ISTathan Hawkins 32 acres of ground lying on Seventeenth street for $15,000. Expended for improvements, about $16,000. First Board of Directors— J ow^ls W. Yeo, Arthur

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CITY OF RICHMOND. 411

A. Curme, Edward Y. Teas, J. M. Gaar, T. Yv^. Roberts, W. H. Bennett, W. C. Starr, John J. Conley, Levi Drulej, Ste- phen Farlow, John Brooks. Officers — J. Milton Gaar, Presi- dent ; Jonas W. Yeo, Vice-President ; Oran Perry, Secre- tary; C. W. Ferguson, Treasurer; C. Fetta, Superintendent. Annual meetings are held on the first Monday in February. The ofiicers for 1870 were re-elected in 1871. The first Fair was held September 25tli to 30th, inclusive. The second fair, September 11th to 16th, inclusive. Both fairs were attended with complete success, equaling the state fairs in the quantity and quality of articles on exhibition.

Biographical and Genealogical.

William Bell was born in Belfast, Ireland, in 1797. In that large commercial city he and his revered father composed the widely-known firm of John Beh & Co., a very extensive manufacturing and exporting concern, giving employment to several thousand persons. A great financial crisis destroyed their business, and involved them in overwhelming losses. From this shock the subject of this notice never recovered. In 1842, he left his native land for the United States. He was a prominent member of the society of Friends, and a faithful defender of its principles and testimonies. For five years previous to his coming to this country he edited the Iiish Friend, in which he boldly promulgated the principles and measures he held so dear. He was a resident of liich- mond for about twenty years. During this time he was ever ready to co-operate in works of benevolence. The cause of temperance, the abolition of slavery, and other objects of a philanthropic character, received his ardent and active sup- port. He died March 5, 1871.

Thomas W. Bennett was born in Union county, Indiana, Feb. 16, 1831. His father was a farmer, and raised his son to work on the farm. In 1850, at the age of 19, he entered Indiana Asbury University, where he completed his educa- tion in July, 1854. Immediately afterward he began the study of the law, and after a full course, graduated in the law school of the Asbury University in July, 1855. During the spring and summer of 1853, he was Professor of Mathematics

412 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

and Natural Science in Whitewater College in Centerville. He commenced tlie practice of his profession at Liberty, in. his native county, in the fall of 1855, and continued in the practice actively until the breaking out of the rebellion in 1861. On the first call for troops, in April, he raised a com- pany of volunteers, and entered the army as a captain, in the 15th Eegiment of Indiana Volunteers. He served in that ca- pacity in Western Virginia until Sept., 1861, when he was pro- moted to major of the 36th Regiment, in which he served dur- ing the whole of Gen. Budl's campaign to I^ashville, Shiloh, East Tennessee, the great retreat to Louisville, Ky., and the pursuit of Bragg. In October, 1862, he was appointed by Gov. Morton colonel of the 69tli Regiment. With his command he joined Sherman's army at Memphis, and participated in the failure to capture Vicksburg in Dec, 1862, and in the capture of Arkansas Post in Jan., 1863. He was engaged in all the movements and battles which resulted in the capture of Vicksburg, in July, 1863 ; was in command of a brigade in the Tesche and Red River campaigns under Banks, and served in that capacity until detailed by the War Depart- ment in Sept., 1864, as a member of the military commission which tried and convicted the notorious conspirators Bowles, Milligan, and Horsey. At the election of 1864, he was elected a senator from Union and Fayette counties, a position which he had held for two years before the war, and took a leading part in that body. Since 1856 he has been actively engaged in politics, making public speeches in successive campaigns in most of the counties of the state. After the close of the war, and his term in the senate, he made a tour of Europe, and returning, he moved to Richmond in Aug., 1868, and in the spring of 1869 was elected Mayor of that city, serving until May, 1871, when he resumed the practice of the law. In 1871, he was appointed by President Grant Governor of Idaho Territory.

William Blancuard was born in Brookfield, Mass., Oct- 1, 1800. In 1826 he was married to Isabella F. Foster, who was born in AVorcester, Mass. He removed the same year to Rhinebeck,N. Y., and in 1835 to Richmond, where, in connec- tion with his brother, Albert C. Blanchard, he commenced the

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mercantile business, in which he continued until about the year 1859. He has been for many years a notary public and an insurance agent; and he has been an elder in the Presby- terian Church from its organization to the present time. Ilis children were Fatima Catharine, Wm. A., Jane Eliza, ^Vfary I., and Emma. Fatima C. married W. J. Culton, and resides in Chicago. TVm. A. married Elmira Bailey, of Cincinnati ; resides near that city, and is in the commission business. Jane E. married Dr. Harrington, of Richmond, who died and left two daughters. Mary I. married George H. Grant; they re- side in Eichmond. Emma married Frank Vanuxcm, of the firm of Leeds & Co., hardware merchants in Richmond.

Lewis Burk was born near Lexington, Ky., March 23, 1799. He removed early to this state with his father, who settled about a mile and a half south from where Richmond now is. He worked on the farm a few years, and went back to Ken- tucky to learn the blacksmith's trade, and returned after three years. His trade not furnishing him constant employment, he took up that of stone-mason, working alternately at each. He received in those days of low wages only §8 a mouth as a journeyman blacksmith, and 50 cents a day for laying stone, where, in later days, he received §2.50 a day at his regular trade. In 1831, he built, and for several years kept, the tavern- house which he sold to the late Daniel D. Sloan, at present the property of A. M. Miller, on Main street. From about the year 1832, he was for about ten years a stage proprietor, and for several years a dealer in horses. In 1840, he was elected a representative to the legislature, and afterward to the senate. In 1852, he commenced the banking business as an individual banker. He continued this business until after the passage of the national banking law, when he sold his banking house and appurtenances to James E. Reeves. Mr. Burk was married to Maria Moffitt, November 27, 1823. They had five children, of whom only one, Mary Jane, lived beyond the period of child- hood. She is the wife of Isaac II. Richards, merchant, now residing at Springfield, Missouri.

Elijah Coffin, son of Bethuel and Hannah (Dicks) Cofiin, was born in New Garden, Guilford Co., N. C, Nov. 17, 1798. He was married, Feb. 2, 1820, to Naomi Iliatt, and settled on

414 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

a farm in ISTew Garden. In 1824, lie removed, with his wife and three children, to this county, near Milton, and engaged in school-keeping in that town ; a business in which he had been employed at times, in his native state, before and after his marriage. In 1829, he commenced the mercantile busi- ness at Milton, and continued it there about four years. In

1833, having received a liberal offer from Griffin & Luckey, wholesale merchants in Cincinnati, he engaged as clerk in their store, and removed to that city. He remained there about a year and a half, when the branch of the State Bank of Indiana having been located at Richmond, he was chosen as its cashier, a position for which he had, in a great measure, been Utted by his mercantile experience ; and in November,

1834, he removed to Richmond. The branch bank com- menced business Dec. 1, 1834, and closed at the expiration of the term of its charter, Jan. 1, 1859, after a successful, pros- perous management of more than twenty-four years, during which period he was its only cashier.

At the final meeting of the board of directors, Dec. 24, 1858, the following resolution was offered by Robert Morris- son and adopted :

'•'■It is unanimously resolved, That in consideration of the able and faithful services of Elijah Coffin, as cashier of this branch, from its first organization to its close, and the fidel- ity and promptitude with which he has discharged the various and important duties confided to his care, the board embrace the opportunity to express upon our minutes the high sense entertained of his official services and private worth."

He now gave up secular business. His religious activities, however, were unabated. His energies were thenceforth di- rected to the promotion of the interests of the church. Al- though he ever sympathized with evangelical Christians of other denominations, he was peculiarly attached to the society in which he had been trained ; and hence, to the various insti- tutions and instrumentalities of its own appointment, he con- tributed largely by his personal eftbrts and pecuniary means. He was at an early age clerk of the yearly meeting of Friends in North Carolina; and, in 1827, was appointed clerk of Indiana yearly meeting. Not only was he a prompt and

CITY OF lUCIIMOND. 415

faithful attendant at the various meetings in his own state, but he attended yearly meetings in many of the states. He was also a friend and patron of education, of First-day or Sabbath-schools, of associations to promote the circulation of religious tracts and the diil'usion and reading of the Holy Scrip- tures ; and he had, many years before his death, constituted himself a life member of the American Bible Society. He died Jan. 22, 1862. His wife died June 14, 18G6, aged 68 years.

Elijah and jSTaomi Coffin had seven children : 1. 3Iirior/i A., who married Wm. A. Rambo, and had three children, Ed- ward B., l^aomi C, and Francis 11. After the death of her husband she married Hugh Maxwell. 2. Charles F., who married Rhoda M. Johnson. Their children arc Elijah, Charles 11. , Francis A., Wm. E., and Percival. Mr. C. has been, during a great portion of his life, in the banking busi- ness in Richmond. He was one of the original proprietors of the Citizens' Bank, established in 1853, and cashier of the Richmond Branch of the "Bank of the State" during its existence; and has been president of the Richmond JN'ational Bank from its commencement to the present time. 3. Will- iam H., who married Sarah AYilson, whose children are John W., William II., Albert, Robert, Frank. 4. Miphald, who died at the age of three years. 5. Caroline E., wife of Wm. H. Ladd, Brooklyn, 'N. Y. 6. 3Iary C, wife of Eli Johnson, Chicago. 7. Hannah, who married Mordecai Morris White, merchant, in Cincinnati.

Jeremiah Cox was born in Randolph Co., 1^. C. ; married Margery Picket, and in 1806 removed with his family to this county, and settled where Richmond now is. His settlement here and his connection with the early history of the city, have been already noticed. His farm embraced nearly all of the present city north of Main street. He was in 1816 a member of the Convention which formed the first constitu- tion of the state. In 1826, he sold liis farm to Charles AV. Starr, and removed to Randolph Co., 5 miles from Winches- ter, where he resided until his death. He was married three times, and had sixteen children. By his first wife he had seven daughters and one son, Jeremiah. The eldest daughter,

416 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

Elizabeth, married Charles Moffitt, father of Hugh Moffitt. By his second wife, Jemima Rhodes, he had a son. For his third wife he married Catharine Morrissou, sister of Robert Morrisson,and had by her six sons and one daughter. Of all the children only Jeremiah remains in the township.

Daniel B. Crawford was born in Harford Co., Md., ISTov. 10, 1807, and at the age of 7, removed with his mother's family to Baltimore ; and thence he came,'in 1835, to "VYayne township, 2J miles north of Richmond. Although he settled on a new farm, and had some experience of life in the woods, his first dwelling was a frame house, something rarely seen in a forest. In 1850, Mr. Crawford commenced the mercan- tile business in Richmond, in which he is still engaged. He was in 1849 elected a county commissioner, which office he has held, with the exception of 6 years, until the year 1870. He is a member of the Pearl Street Methodist Episcopal Church, and has at intervals been the superintendent of its Sabbath-school for more than twenty years. He was married ill Baltimore to Agnes Corrie. They had 9 children : Daniel J., who married Mary, daughter of Frederick Hoover, and died on the farm. May 7, 1870. Elijah J. ; died at 5. Mary F., wife of Joseph C. Ratlitf, and lives in Center township. John Y., who married Ella Mitchell, daughter of Thomas C. Mitchell, merchant, Fifth street. Sarah R., who married Frederick Cramer, of Ohio, now a merchant in Philadelphia. Charles "W. ; died at 5. Agnes S., who married James Will- iams, and resides on Fifth street, Richmond. Elizabeth A. W., who married J. O. Voorhies, merchant, Keokuk, Iowa. Robert ; died in infancy.

Benjamin W. Davis was born in Franklin, "Warren Co., 0., Sept. 3, 1815. He came to Richmond, May 4, 1834, and worked as a journeyman printer one year for Finley & Hollo- way. He then engaged to print the Richmond Palladium for John Finley, one year; and after the expiration of that term [in 1836], himself and David P. Holloway purchased the Palladimn, the publication of which, under the firm of Hol- loway & Davis, has been continued to the present time. Mr. Davis was chosen city clerk, which office he held from 1848

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until 1859, a period of 11 years. He married Elizabeth Flcm- ing, a daughter of David, son of Judge Peter Fleming.

John Finley was horn in Eockbridge count}^, Virginia, January 11, 1797. After acquiring a knowledge of the rudi- ments of an English education at a country school, he was apprenticed to the tanner's business ; and on the completion of his term of service, he emigrated to Indiana, in 1821. Soon after his arrival in Richmond he undertook, for a term of years, the management of John Smith's tannery; but after conducting it for a single season, he abandoned it. In 1826, he was married to Rachel H. Knott, of Yellow Springs, Ohio, who lived but a few months after marriage. In 1830, he was married to Julia Hanson, of Indianapolis. In 1831, he as- sumed the editorial management of the Richmond Palladium, in which position he continued for three years. He was for three years a member of the state legislature, and for three years enrolling clerk of the senate. In March, 1837, he was elected clerk of the courts of Wayne county for the term of seven years. In January, 1852, he was elected ma^'or of the city of Richmond, and Avas continued in that office by annual re-elections to the time of his death, December 23, 1866. He was buried in Maple Grove Cemetery, east of the cit}', in the presence of a large concourse of citizens and members of the masonic order, and the officers of the city govern- ment. Mr. Finley had, by his first marriage, a son, William K. ; by the second, Sarah A., Julia H., Mary F., and John H. Sarah A. was married to Benjamin P. Wrigley, who is deceased, and has two sons, Roy F. and Luke II. She has been for seven years, and is still, librarian of the Morrisson Library. Mary F. married Aaron W. Hibberd, and resides in Richmond. John II. enlisted earl}^ in the late war, in the Sixteenth Indiana Regiment; was promoted to 2d lieutenant, and soon after appointed adjutant of the regiment. After the expiration of the term of his enlistment he raised, in ,1862, a company for the Sixty-seventh Regiment, and was commis- sioned captain; and in 1863, was made major. While charg- ing upon the Rebel works at Vicksburg, he received a mortal wound, and died Aug. 26, 1863. He was an estimable young 29

418 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

man, and possessed of qualities wliich endeared him to his fellow-soldiers and companions.

"William "W. Foulke, son of Anthony Foulke, came when a boy from Pennsylvania with his father, who settled 2 miles north from Richmond. With a tolerable school education he commenced business as a blacksmith. A friend of literary and other associations, he took an active part in the discus- sions of debating clubs and in the promotion of the temper- ance cause. A few years since he was elected as a representa- tive of the county in the legislature. He has for many years been engaged in the iron and heavy hardware trade on Noble street, near the railroad depot, and resides a short distance outside and north of the city, near the oil-mill. He was mar- ried, in 1854, to Mary E., a daughter of Thomas Newman, and has two children, Elizabeth Ellen and Harriet Emma,

Jonas Gaar, son of Abram Gaar, was born in Virginia, and removed to this county with his father. In 1820, he settled in the new town of Richmond and worked many years at his trade, that of a cabinet-maker. In 1835, he joined with Achilles Williams and others in establishing a foundry and machine manufactory, which was continued two or three years. This enterprise proved a disastrous failure to those engaged in it. In 1849, in connection with his sons Abram and John M., and Wm. G. Scott, a son-in-law, he bought of Jesse M. and John H. Hutton their Thresher Manufactory, which has grown to the extensive establishment known as the " Spring Foundry," but at present styled " Garr Machine Works.'' [See Richmond Manufactures.] This firm has been continued without change of name until the present time. Jonas Garr was born Feb. 1, 1792, in Madison. Co., Va., and was married, Nov. 12, 1818, to Sarah Watson, who was born May 2, 1793. They had eight children, all born in "Wayne county. 1. Abram, who was born Nov. 14, 1819, and was married March 26, 1851, to Agnes Adams, who was born May 2, 1831. 2. Malinda, born Nov. 11, 1821 ; married June 3, 1847, to Wm. G. Scott, who was born in Rockingham Co., Va., Nov. 17, 1824. Malinda died April 6, 1848. 3. John Milton, born May 26, 1823 ; married Jan. 20, 1848, to Hannah Ann Rattray, who died June 6, 1849. He married, a second

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time, Sept. 16, 1856, Helen M. Rattray, bcrn March 2, 1840. 4. Samuel Watson, born Oct. 22, 1824; married, Oct. 19, 1S65, Mrs. Elizabeth Townsend, born Dec. 6, 1832, in Preble Co., O. 5. Fielding, born Jan. 21, 1827; married, Nov. 30, 1865, Mary J. Gallagher, born at Michigan City, March 1,1847. 6. Emeline, born June 16, 1829; married, June 13, 1854, Horatio IST. Lamb, born at Cooperstown, N. Y., Jnne 14,1832. 7. Elizabetb, born July 27, 1831; mar- ried, March 27, 1851, Thomas Campbell, born in Center Co., Penn., Jan. 13, 1817. 8. Fannie Ann, born Oct. 5, 1833; married, March 19, 1857, Oliver Jones, born in Pichmond, Oct. 6, 1832. Sarah, wife of Jonas Gaar, died 'Nov. 8, 1863.

It is somewhat remarkable that of the eight children of Jonas Garr, all are living in Pichmond, except Malinda, de- ceased, and that none of them has ever lived out of the county. And further, that Abraham Gaar, father of Jonas, also had eight children, all of whom but one are still living.

[In the sketch of the family of Abraham Gaar, in Boston, his daughter Posa, widow Ingels, is said to reside with her son at Milton. She still resides in Fayette Co., where her husband died.]

Jason Ham was born in jSTorth Carolina, April 8, 1811, and came to Pichmond in 1819, Avith his father, Hezekiah Ham, who hired, for one year, the farm of Jeremiah Cox ; then bought the farm now or lately owned by Charles Price, two miles south of Pichmond. After about ten years he sold this farm to Alexander Grimes, and bought of Thomas Cuppy, in the township of Boston, the farm now owned by Joseph M. and Wm. Bulla, where he died, Oct. 10, 1832, aged nearly 64 years, having been born Nov. 15, 1768. Jason, then about 19 years of age, took charge of the farm, and taught school in the winter. In 1840, he was appointed col- lector of the taxes for that year. In 1841, he was elected county treasurer for three years, and removed to Centerville. After the expiration of his term of office, he went into the mercantile business at Centerville, and continued in it until 1850, having during this time taken the contracts for building the offices of the county clerk, treasurer, auditor, and recorder, and of the county poor-house. In 1850, he removed

420 HISTORY OF -WAYNE COUNTY.

to Kiclimond, and commenced trade on the corner of Main and Pearl streets, where the post-ofhce no\^ is, where he continued in business most of the time for about ten years, having become owner of the property, since known as Ham's corner, of which he is still the owner. In 1860, he opened a store at Indianapolis ; and on the breaking out of the war, sold out and returned to Richmond. Shortly after he was appointed by Gov. Morton military agent for the state of In- diana, at Louisville, K}"., which ofiice he held until the war closed. In 1845, he married Elizabeth Woods, sister of Rev. Le Roy Woods. They have a son, Benjamin F. Ham, a law- yer, at Little Rock, Arkansas.

Eleazar IIiatt was born in Guilford Co., j^. C, February 10, 1783, He removed from Carolina about the year 1815, and after a residence of a few years in Ohio came to Rich- mond in the winter of 1818-19, and established a pottery, the first, probably, in the county. He was an early justice of the peace, and in 1825 a member of the legislature. After a residence of several years east of Richmond, he removed to ISTewport, and engaged in the mercantile busines, about the year 1828. (?) About 1838, he removed to a farm he had bought near Washington, in Clay township; thence to Ches- ter. He married, for his first wife, Anna Williams, from N. C. Their children were : 1. Eliza, who married Jesse Rey- nolds, who died of a cancer on the tongue. She married, sec- ond, Samuel Hadley, and lives in Morganville, Ind. 2. Jesse, formerly merchant in Milton, now in Dublin. [See sketch, Washington township.] 8. Daniel W., son of Eleazar IIiatt, married, first, Melinda Mendenhall,and lives in Perry; second, Gulielma Sanders, of Ohio. 4. Anna Maria, who married Isaac Yotaw, of New Garden.

James Farquhar Hibberd, M. D., was born in Frederick Co., Md., jS"ov. 4, 1816, and removed with his parents to Spring- boro', Warren Co., O., in 1825; but, in 1826, recrossed the Alleghanies, and lived with the family of his uncle, Aaron Hibberd, near Martinsburg, Va. Here he remained until 1837, when he returned to Springboro' and studied medicine with Dr. A. Wright. In the winter of 1839-40 he attended the medical department of Yale College, and began the

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practice of medicine in Salem, Montgomery Co., O., in the summer of 1840-. Dr. Ilibberd was a member of the legisla- ture of Ohio for the sessions of 1845-6 and 184G-7. The winter of 1848-9 was * spent in 'New York city, where he graduated in the spring of 1849, and immediately accepted the surgeoncy of the steamer Senator, which went to Cali- fornia in a vo^'age of seven and a half months, touching at the principal South American ports on both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. He traveled largely over California, and re- turned to the " States " in 1855, having meanwhile made a short visit there in 1853. After a few months in Dayton, O., he settled in the practice of his profession in Richmond, In- diana, in October, 1856, and has there continued since. In 1860, he was appointed Professor of Physiology and General Pathology in the Medical College of Ohio, in Cincinnati, but resigned after one session's service. In the spring of 1869, Dr. II. visited New Orleans, and went thence to New York, where he embarked for the Old World, and spent a year in traveling over Europe, Asia Minor, Palestine, Egypt, &c. In the spring of 1871, he again made a trip to California, visiting most of the noted national wonders of that interesting state. Dr. II. is, and has long been, an active member of the county, state, and national medical societies.

David P. IIoLLOWAYwas born at Waynesville, O., December 6, 1809. In 1813, his father removed witli his family to Cin- cinnati, where they resided until 1823, when they came to Wayne township, and settled on the farm now owned by John S. Brown, four miles east from Richmond. Two or three years after, Mr. Ilolloway removed to Riclimond and engaged in the mercantile business. Here his son, David P., at the age of aboat fifteen, commenced his apprenticeship at the printer's trade with Edmund S. Buxton, publisher of the Public Ledger, and afterward served in the Gazette office at Cincinnati. His connection with the newspaper press com- menced about the year 1833, as conductor of the Birhmond Palladium, with which his name has since been connected, with perhaps a brief interval of one or two years, imtil the present time, tjiough his business has, for the last ten years, been in the city of Washington. In 1843, he was elected as

422 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

a representative in the state legislature, and the next year as senator, which office he held for six years. In 1849, he was appointed by President Taylor examiner of land offices. In 1854, he was elected a representative in Congress ; and in 1861, he was appointed by President Lincoln commissioner of j)ateuts, which office he resigned in 1865. Though not a practical farmer, he has done much for the improvement of agriculture by personal efforts, both in the county and in the state legislature. [See Agricultural Societies, pages 111-12.] He is now a partner of the firm of Holloway, Mason & Blan- chard, attorneys in patent cases, in Washington. Mr. Hol- loway was married, ISTov. 13, 1834, to Jane Ann Paulson, who died Dec. 8, 1864, aged 52 years. Their children were John Marshall, who married Rebecca Gossage, and resides at In- dianapolis; William R., who married Eliza Burbank, and is postmaster at Indianapolis ; Dayton, who died in 1858 ; Henry Clay, who married Emma Jones, and resides at Indianapolis; Allen T. ; Charles P. ; Sarah ; and Mary Ann.

Jeremiah Hubbard was born in Virginia, Feb. 13, 1777, and brought up in Person Co., N". C. He became, while a youth, a member of the society of Friends. He was in early life a school teacher. Later in life he devoted himself to the work of the ministry, traveling in many of the states. In 1837, he came to the West, and finally settled in Eichmond. In a memorial published by the Whitewater Monthly Meeting, he is represented as having evinced a " deep regard for the Holy Scriptures," and having, in his preaching, dwelt much upon the prominent doctrines of the gospel, and the " necessity of sincere and living faith." He died in the neigliborhood of ITewport, at the house of his son-in-law, Zeri Hough, ISTov. 23, 1849.

John S. Lyle, from Rockbridge Co., Virginia, came to Richmond in 1823, with his father, David Lyle, who was a brick and stone mason, and who subsequently removed to Randolph Co., where he died in 1848. John, his eldest son, resides in Richmond. In 1837, he commenced an apprentice- ship in the printing business with Holloway and Davis, and worked at this trade twelve years. In 1855, he was elected justice of the peace for the term of four years, and re-elected

CITY OF RICHMOND. "' 423

for a second term. Before the expiration of liis second term, the war broke out, and he assisted in raising; Co. 13. of the 5th Indiana cavahy, of which he was chosen captain. In JSTovember, 1862, he was promoted to senior major of the regiment. He served in the army to the close of the war. He was with his battalion in Kentucky, within twenty miles of the rebel Gen. Morgan when he crossed the Cumber- land river on his famed raid through Kentucky, Indiana, and Ohio, and followed him up with his regiment until he was taken at Butiington Bar, Ohio, where Morgan's forces were routed. Major Lyle was engaged in the two battles of Blountsville, and the battles of Knoxville, Henderson's Mills, Walker's Ford, Pulaski, and the great battle of Nashville. He is at present city attorney in Richmond.

James E. Mendenhall was born in Randolph Co., X. C, July 3, 1795. While yet a child, his parents removed to South Carolina; and in 1816 to the vicinity of Richmond. About a year afterward, he went to Vevay to study medicine with his brother, and while reading there, attended one course of medical lectures in Cincinnati. In 1822, he returned to Richmond and began practice ; and after over a year's prac- tice, he attended a course of lectures in the medical depart- ment of Transylvania University, in Lexington, Kentucky, where he graduated in the spring of 1824, and returned to Richmond, being the iirst physician in the county having a diploma. In 1830, his failing health unfitting him for the arduous labors required of the profession in those early times, he removed to Liberty, Union Co., and engaged in mercantile business. He represented that county in the legislature at the session of 1833-4. In 1833, he returned to Richmond, and engaged in milling. He was a stockholder in the " Rich- mond Manufacturing Company," and was afterward inter- ested in the old Richmond Foundry, on South Green street. After the failure of that establishment, he took control of the paper mill, in 1843, and continued in that business until 1854. After that time he was engaged in various mercantile pur- suits to the time of his death. He was several times a mem- ber of the town council, school trustee, a member of the board of health, and in 1837 was elected first burgess of the

424 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

town. He was, in 1840, a delegate to the Ilarrisburg conven- tion whicla nominated Gen. Harrison for president. He was afterward an associate judge. Dr. M. was one of the first directors of the Indiana Central Railroad, and was the first man to ride over the railroad bridge at Eichmond, occupying a seat on the front of the locomotive, Avhich bore his name. He was also for ten years president of the Fort Wayne and Eichmond Railroad Company, and retired from that position in 1866. He joined the Masonic fraternity while residing at Vevay, and was made a Eoyal Arch Mason and Sir Knight while at the University in Kentucky ; and was one of the applicants for the first charter granted for a council in Indi- ana. He died February 18, 1870, and was buried with the usual masonic ceremonies, conducted by the Knights Templar. Dr. Mendenhall was married, in 1824, to Lydia Wright, daughter of John Wright, an early merchant of Eichmond. She lived but a few months after her marriage. He after- ward married Sarah T. Williams, a daughter of Jesse Will- iams, and sister of Achilles Williams, of this city. She re- sides in Eichmond.

Egbert Morrisson was born October 19, 1786, in ISTorth Carolina, w^hither his parents had emigrated from Chester Co., Pa. He married Jane Price, and, in 1810, removed to Wayne Co., Indiana. Having made no purchase of land be- fore his arrival, and having, consequently, not even a cabin of his own, he took temporary shelter in an outhouse made of logs, belonging to his brother-in-law, Jeremiah Cox, and not designed at all as a dwelling. He soon settled north of Middleboro', just within the bounds of the present town- ship of Franklin. He resided there a few years ; but, unable to endure the hard labor of clearing a new^ farm, he sold his farm, and, with a few hundred dollars, made his second ad- vent in the place where he spent the remainder of a long life. With a small stock of goods, he commenced the mer- cantile business on the corner of Main and North Front streets. His name is intimately associated with the history of Eichmond. Being one of its earliest merchants, he rode on the tide of its growing commerce, and with his frugality, prudence, and business talent, accumulated a large estate, and retired from mercantile business before the town had at-

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CITY OF RICHMOND, 425

tained a high degree of commercial importance. When bank- ing houses were established in Richmond, he invested largel}^ in bank stocks, being the owner of one-third of the stock in the Citizens' Bank. He had also a connection with the branches of the State Banks, in Richmond. Tlioiigh rich, he was a friend to the poor. With his declining years his benevolence seemed to increase. A portion of his in- come went to the relief of the needy and suffering. Ilis alms being unostentatiously bestowed, their amount was not generally known. The war of the rebellion opened a new field for the exercise of Christian philanthropy; and prob- ably no man in Richmond contributed more liberally than he. Being a life-long member of the society of Friends, he was careful not to compromise his long-cherished peace prin- ciples. The crowning act of his life was the founding of a library, at a cost of §20,000, which he transferred as a gift to Wayne township, Richmond included, provision having been made for its perpetuation. It is placed under the control of a library committee, and kept by a competent lady librarian. He barely lived to see this splendid gift executed and the library building completed. A life-size portrait painting of the donor was placed in the public reception room of the building, and paid for by contributions of citizens Avithout his knowledge. The former township library has been merged in this, which is now probably the largest township library in the state. A few years before his death his general health be- gan to fail ; and he was prevented from mingling with his fellow-citizens, and from meeting with his friends in the house of worship. In the latter part of the summer of 1865, he was seized with violent illness, which soon terminated his life. He died Sept. 12, 1865, aged nearly 79 years. A large number of friends, relatives, and citizens followed his re- mains to the Friends' Cemetery, three miles east from Rich- mond. His wife died Aug. 17, 1849, aged nearly 63 years.

Robert Alorrisson had three children : 1. Hannah, who died in 1828, at the age of 20, just after her return from Westtown, Pa., boarding-school. 2. Jonathan, who died in infancy. 3. James L., who succeeded to the estate and busi- ness of his father, as a partner in the banking firm of Mor-

426 BISTORT OF WAYNE COUNTY.

risson, Blanchard & Co. He lias two children: Robert, of the firm of Plummer & Morrisson, wholesale druggists ; and Elizabeth Jane.

Samuel E. Perkins was born at Brattleborough, Yt., De- cember 6, 1811. He removed with his father to Conway, Mass., where he resided until 1834. He removed to Penn Yan, Yates Co., IST. Y., and studied law with Henry Welles, now or lately a judge of the supreme court of that state, and removed to Richmond, and was admitted to the practice of law in 1837. He was subsequently appointed prosecuting at- torney by the governor of the state. In 1844, he was-a can- didate for presidential elector on the Democratic electoral ticket. In January, 1846, he was appointed by Gov. White- head judge of the supreme court; was reappointed, and held the office until January, 1865. In 18 — , he removed to In- dianapolis. About the year 1859, he was elected Professor of Law in the Kortb -western University at Indianapolis, which oflice he held about six years. In the autumn of 1870, he was chosen Professor of Law in the State University at Bloomington. He married, in Richmond, Amanda J. Pyle, daughter of Joseph Pyle. They had nine children, only two of whom are living: Amanda, who married Oscar B. Hord; and Samuel E., now a partner in law. Judge Perkins mar- ried a second wife, Mrs. Lavinia M. Wiggins, a sister of his former wife, by whom he had a daughter, Alma Rosa, now living.

James Perry was born in Madisonville, Ohio, January 19, 1799. He removed, when about five years of age, with his father to Kentucky. In 1823, he removed to Liberty, Union Co., Ind. ; and was admitted to the practice of law in 1824. In 1840, he was elected judge of the judicial district com- posed of the counties of Union, Fayette, Rush, Decatur, Henry, and Wayne. At the expiration of the term of his oflice as judge, he removed to Richmond, where he still continues the practice of his profession. He was married in 1824 to Elizabeth Snow, in Union county. They had two sons : Rufus, who was born in 1832, and drowned at Centerville, at the age of 17 years ; and Oran, noticed below.

Oran Perry was born at Liberty, Union Co., Ind., Feb-

'6il4y J^^^r/Y.

CITY OP RICHMOND. 427

rnary 1, 1838, and removed with his father to Hichmond ia 1844. He enlisted, April 9, 1861, in Co. B, Sixteenth Regi- ment Indiana Volunteer Infantry, for one year; was ap- pointed sergeant-major in June ; served his term, and was discharged. He was commissioned adjutant of the Sixty- ninth Regiment; was in the battle of Richmond, Ky., where his horse was shot from under him, and he was wounded in the leg and captured; was paroled, and afterward exchanged. He was also in the battles of Chickasaw Bluff and Arkansas Post, and promoted to lieutenant-colonel. He was afterward in the battles of Thompson's Hill, Champion Hill, Black River Bridge, Yicksburg, Jackson, Miss. ; in the several ex- peditions of Teche River, Texas, Red River, and Pascagoula, and the assault on the works of Fort Blakely, Alabama, in the last of which he received a severe wound in the head ; after which he was promoted to brevet colonel, having com- manded the regiment more than two years. He served until July, 1865, when the regiment was mustered out of service. He was married May 16, 1866, to Jennie Poe, daughter of James M. Poe, Esq., of Richmond. He is now proprietor of the Richmond Plow "Works.

Joseph Pemberton Plummer was born in Anne Arundel Co., Md., Oct. 4, 1783. He married Susanna Husband, who died, leaving four children, a son and three daughters. In 1819, he married Lydia Husband, and removed with his family to Cincinnati, and in 1823 to Richmond. He built a two-story frame dwelling, with store-room attached, on the south-east corner of Main and Front streets, and engaged in mercantile business. In 1824, he purchased a grist-mill, and in 1825 he built an addition to it for the manufacture of oil from castor beans; but sold all in 1827, and confined his at- tention to his store. In 1834, he purchased and moved upon the farm now owned by Mark E. Reeves. Having lost his second wife by death, he returned to town to live with his children, two of whom, John T. Plummer and Joanna P. Laws, were then living here. With one or the other of these he resided until his death, Sept. 20, 1868. He was an active business man, a good citizen, and regardful of his social and domestic duties. He refrained almost entirely from connec-

428 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

tion with political and other associations, content with the influence of an exemplary life upon those with whom he had daily intercourse. He was for many years an honored min- ister in the society of Friends, and an active member until his activities were impaired by his bodily infirmities, which kept him at home during the last two years of his life. His children, all by his first wife, were : 1. John T. [Sk.] 2. Mary M., who married William Owen, and is deceased. 3. Joanna P., who married John M. Laws, an early watch- maker and jeweler, and afterward for many years a merchant in Richmond. 4. Sarah C, who married Wm. Bancroft, and died in Philadelphia in 1856.

John Thomas Plummer was born in Montgomery county, Md., March 12, 1807, and removed with his father to Cincin- nati in 1819, and thence, in 1823, to Richmond, where he re- sided until his death, April 10, 1865. He commenced the study of medicine in his eighteenth year, and graduated from Yale College just before he had attained his majority. As a physician, he was much beloved and popular, notwithstand- ing his extreme aversion to the means often used to gain popularity. He continued in practice until within a short time of his decease. In the spring of 1833, he was married to Hannah Wright, of Springboro', Warren county, Ohio, who died in 1836, leaving a son. In the fall of 1837, Dr. Plummer married for his second wife, Sarah 0. Pierce, of Portsmouth, N. H., who, with two sons, still survives him. Dr. P. early became a close and successful student. An in- timate friend of his, himself a man of science, wrote of him after his death, as follows:

"He obtained, by his own exertions, a good, nay, a critical knowledge of the English language; studied Latin, Greek, and Hebrew of the dead, and French and German of the living languages, and acquired some knowledge of several others. He was the personal friend and correspondent of l!^oah Webster, and assisted him with some western words in the preparation of his dictionary.

"Dr. Plummer's acquirements were general and profound. Jle was a naturalist, not a mere amateur or theorist, but an active and practical one, applying his knowledge to the

CITY OF RICHMOND. 429

investigations of liis surroundings, giving whatever was new and interesting to the world tlirough the scientific periodicals, more particularly Silliman's Journal, between the editor of which and himself there existed a warm personal friendship. His cabinet of specimens and preparations was at one time large, thoronghlv classified, and of especial value as illustrat- ing the several departments of natural science as they were developed in his immediate neighborhood. During the latter years of his life, his impaired health unfitted him for exer- cises of this kind; and he distributed his collections to schools and to other places where he thought them likely to do most good.

" While all branches of medical science received liis care- ful attention, chemistry and pharmacy ^vere his favorites. The Journal of Pharmacy will testify to some of his labors in the latter direction; and as a chemist, theoretical and prac- tical, not only as chemistry is applied to medicine, but gener- ally, it is doubted whether he had a superior outside of those wdio are devoted to chemistry as a special profession."

He was editor of the Schoolmaster^ a paper published by IIolloAvay & Davis during the year 1839, and author of one or two Readers for Friends' schools. His w^ritings upon agricul- tural, educational, and scientific subjects, other than that of his profession, were numerous, and inspired by a desire to ad- vance the interests of his fellow-men. Devoting so much of his time to his profession and to scientific and literary studies, he had little time and less inclination to take part in public business, although he w^as for a short time a stockholder in the Riclimond Gas Light and Coke Company, and its first presi- dent. Yf hile he had decided view^s on political questions, and inculcated, with his voice and, his pen, the principles of hu- manity, temperance, and general benevolence, he stood aloof from parties and organizations, as tending, in his opinion, to give a wrong bias to the convictions and actions of men. And he conscientiously refused to participate in any political move- ments, or cast a vote for any candidate who, if elected, might be required to use force in the discharge of his otficiul duties. We quote again from his friend :

430 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

"Born into the society of Friends, he continued a con- sistent member until death. "Without being a slave to the dis- cipline of the society or a bigot to its tenets, he held his duty to his Maker and his fellow-man through its organization paramount to all other duty. His Christian life was not an idle one, but of active and efficient labor in whatever capacity he was called to act. Perhaps no man among the Friends was more thoroughly versed in a knowledge of the size, the prog- ress, and the principles of their sect ; and it was all brought into use to advance the welfare of the society and the world. This made him one of the most influential members of the society. Nor was his Christianity confined to the church and its associations; but all his acts were performed as his con- victions of Christian duty dictated.

"His opposition to public show or exhibition of any kind was carried almost, if not quite, to eccentricity ; and this senti- ment was, doubtless, combined with others, the cause of his several times declining tendered professorships in medical schools, and leading positions in other educational institutions, as well as of deterring him from uniting with or attending formal medical organizations that held public meetings."

It is proper to add, that Dr. Plummer rendered a valuable service to the public by the writing and publishing of " A Historical Sketch," in connection with his " Directory to the City of Richmond," which appeared in 1857. The timely pub- lication of this little book has rescued from oblivion many interesting facts and reminiscences of early times, which can not now be obtained from any other source. John T. Plum- mer had five children : By his first wife, Jonathan W., of the firm of Plummer & Morrisson, wholesale druggists, Richmond. By his second wife : Charles P., still living ; Joseph P., who died of cholera in 1849 at the age of 9 years ; Wm. S., who died in 1863, aged 16; and James, still living.

James ]Nt. Poe was born in Maryland, November 12, 1811, where he was married to Matilda Chandler, with whom and one child, he came to Richmond in 1888. He soon commenced teaching school, in which business he was engaged about ten years ; first, in a house at or near the Public Square, and after- ward in the basement of the old frame Methodist meeting-

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CITY OF RICHMOND. 431

house on Pearl street. He was elected a justice of the peace in 1846, but continued teaching during the first two years of his ofhcial term. He was elected for a second term, at the ex- piration of which, in 1855, he declined a re-election. In 18G3, he was again elected to the office of justice, and re-elected in 1867; and before the expiration of the term, he was elected in 1871, Mayor of the city, which office he now holds. He was for many years a notary public, and has been for about twenty years a real estate agent. In connection with others he has bought lands near and adjoining the town. Those on the south side, designated as " Poe andllittel's addi- tion," have been annexed to the city. Mr. Poe became a mem- ber of the Pearl Street Methodist church soon after his removal to Richmond, and has for nearly twenty years served alternately as superintendent and assistant superintendent of its Sabbath- school, He has four children : Margaret, wife of James J. Pussell; Jennie, wife of Oran Perry ; Sarah Ellen, and Amanda Bell.

Mark E. Reeves, son of Mark Reeves, came from Xew Jersey to Richmond, in 1823, with his father, who was by trade a carpenter. The father being partially enfeebled by ill-healthy it was necessary for the son to commence labor at an early age ; and he was employed in the brick-yard of Wm. Cox, He next served temporarily as clerk in the stores of John Wright and Robert Morrisson. In 1824, Mr. Wright opened a store at Milton, conducted by his brother, AYm, Wright, and em- ployed young Reeves as a clerk in that store. In 1826, he re- turned to Richmond, and was employed as clerk in the store of Robert Morrisson and Joseph P. Strattan [J. P. Strattan & Co.] In 1827, he went to Liberty as a clerk for Mr, Morris- son, who established a branch store at that place. In Decem- ber, 1830, at the age of about 19, he commenced the mercantile business at Washington, now Clay township, with a capital of about §1,000 in goods, bought principally of Robert Morri>son on credit, and remained there about ten years. In 1836, Mark and his brother James bought the goods of J. C, Hawkins & Son, at Hagerstown, and James took the charge of this estab- lishment. In 1840, James left the concern, and established a store in Richmond, and Mark removed to Hagerstown, con-

432 ■ HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

tinning an interest in the store at Washington, in partnership with James W. Scott, for ahout five years. In 1847, Mark at Hagerstown, and James at Richmond, both discontinued busi- ness, and went to Cincinnati, where they continued trade, in partnership, until 1855. James then returned to Richmond ; and his brother has retained an interest in a large mercantile establishment in that city to the present time. In 1853, he purchased the residence and farm of the late Joseph P. Plum- mer near the city, to which he removed, and where he now resides, in the possession of a fortune acquired, not by luck in a few random speculations, but by a long course of prudent management, and close attention to business. It is said to have been at least an implied condition on which credit was obtained for his first goods, that he should practice due fru- gality in expenses. The young debtor, following the coun- sels of his former employer and exemplar, took board for himself and his brother James, his clerk, at 56^ cents per week, they furnishing their own bed, which was made on the store counter. The examples of Morrisson and Reeves should not be without their influence upon young men of the pres- ent time, many of whom make sad failures in attempts to ac- quire fortunes in a few large and hazardous operations. Mr. Reeves was married, first, to Julia Pretlow, of Virginia, by whom he had a son, Charles P. ; and after her death, to Caro- line Middleton, and had by her two children, Mary T. and Arthur Middleton.

James E. Reeves, also a son of Mark Reeves, came when a small boy to Richmond. His business life, so intimately con- nected with that of his brother, has been in great part already sketched in the foregoing notice. On his return from Cin- cinnati to Richmond, in 1855, he purchased of Robert Mor- risson the farm now owned by Wm. Baxter, on the west side of East Fork, near the city. In 1863, he commenced the banking business in the city, being one of the association which established the First jSTational Bank, of which he has been its president to the present time. His business habits and capacity, being similar to those of his brother, have also been attended with success. He was married, first, to Isa- bella Cornell, of Philadelphia, and after her death, to Mrs.

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CITY OF RICHMOND. 433

Hannah Ireland, of Peoria, Illinois. lie has, by his lirst marriage, a son, James Franklin, at present cashier of the First National Bank in Richmond ; by the second, a son, William P.

Daniel Reid was born in liockbridge county, Va., Febru- ary 5, 1799. He married Letitia Scott, and in 1821 removed to Ohio, near Xew Paris, where he engaged in teaching school. In October, 1823, he removed to Richmond, and en- gaged as a merchant's clerk for James McGuire, and after- ward for Robert Morrisson. About the year 1827 or 1828, he commenced business for himself, with Joseph P. Strattan. He was engaged alternately in trade and farming until 1838. In 1829, he was appointed postmaster, and held the office until 1836. In 1838, he was appointed by President Van Buren register of the land office at Fort Wayne. He re- turned to this county in 1855, and settled on a farm a mile and a half west of Richmond, where he now resides. He was an early member and ruhng elder of the United Presby- terian church in Richmond, which office he holds at the present time. Mr. Reid had seven children : 1. William S. [Sk.] 2. Mary Ann, who died at 3. 3. Mary Ann, who mar- ried Franklin P. Randolph, a lawyer, of Fort Wayne. 4. James P., who married Anna Reid, and lives in Wayne town- ship. 5. Margaret Jane, unmarried. 6. Hannah M., who died of cholera in 1833. 7. Robert M., who emigrated to California in 1852. Mrs. Reid died September 3, 1854; and in October, 1856, Mr. Reid was joined in marriage to Mrs. Ann Dougan, then living at Niles, Mich., a daughter of Isaac Gray, an early settler in Richmond.

Wm. S. Reid, sou of Daniel Reid, was born in Rockbridge county, Ya., December 10, 1818. He removed with his father's family to Preble county, Ohio, in 1822; and in 1823 to Richmond. He married May 7, 1839, Sarah Jane Mansur, by whom he had nine children, of whom only Sarah M., Clara M., and Mansur C, are living. Mr. Reid was for a time a clerk in the land office at Fort Wayne; on a farm in Allen county about twelve years; in the dry goods trade in Rlc-li- mond three years ; and for several years in the pork-packing business, in which, as one of the firm of Vauueman, Reid & 30

434 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

Co., he still continues. He was also for a number of years, with C. C. Beeler, engaged in the grocery trade, which they discontinued in 1870.

John Sailor was horn in the city of Philadelphia, Novem- ber 23, 1781. He is said to have been by trade a cabinet- maker, but carried on the business of coach-making. In the year 1811, he became a member of the Presbyterian church, and in 1812 a ruling elder, which office he held until he left the city, in 1831, and removed to Richmond. At the lirst election under the borough charter, in 1834, he was elected first burgess, the head and presiding officer of the city council. In 1840, Richmond was incorporated as a city, and Mr. Sailor was elected mayor, and held the office by successive annual elections until January, 1852 ; and although he had a limited education, the duties of the office were discharged faithfully and conscientiously, as well as with general accept- ance. In 1854, he removed to GriggsvilJe, Pike county, Illinois, where his wife died the next year. In 1865, he united with the Baptist church, of which he is still a member. In the summer of 1871, he met with an accident, by which he came near losing his life. Having been iu early life a sailor, and used to climbing, he fearlessly ascended by a ladder into a cherry tree, unseen by any other person, and was soon after found lying on the ground under the tree in an uncon- scious state, and badly bruised, having fallen from the tree, the lowest limbs of which were eight feet from the ground.

Andrew F. Scott was born in Rockbridge county, Va., De- cember 28, 1811; came to Wayne county in 1834; taught school one term three miles south of Richmond, and in the fall of that year engaged as clerk for Daniel Reid in his store and the post-office, iu Richmond, and continued there five years. In 1839, he went to Fort Wayne, and served as clerk one year under Mr. Reid, who was then register of the United States land office at that place, and one year under James W. Borden, receiver. In 1841, he returned to Rich- mond, and served as deputy under Sherift" Wm. Baker one year, and next as clerk in the store of Jesse Meek about three years. He then became interested in the business of a steamboat company on the Ohio river, and served as its clerk for two years. In 1847, he returned to Richmond, and car-

CITY OF RICHMOND. 435

riecl on the mercantile business four years. In 1851, he was elected clerk of Wayne county, and re-elected in 1855, in which office he served eight years, residing during liis clerk- ship at Centerville. In 1860, be again removed to Richmond, and was engaged in farming about five years, and a part of that time also in merchandising and building, having, in 1862, erected the brick block on the north-west corner of Main and Fifth streets. In July, 1865, he was made clerk of the Rich- mond Fire Insurance Company, and served as such during its existence of about a year and a half. In 1867, he associated with James Forkner and C. N. Elmer, [firm,Forkner, Scott &, Elmer,] in the wholesale grocery trade, in Richmond, in which he has continued till the present time. In 1839, he was mar- ried to Martha McGlathery. They had four children : Letitia A., who married Joseph McNutt, and died in 1863; John, who died in infancy; Augustus C, who resides at home ; and Mary E., wife of John M. Tennis, agent for the Erie Railway Company, residing at Memphis, Tennessee.

Caleb Shearox was born in Pennsylvania, February 29, 1778 ; came to Richmond in 1820. He was a hatter, and brought with him his shop fixtures. The roads being very bad, and hat trimmings light, he went for a time on foot to Cincinnati, and carried back his stock. He was successful in business, and accumulated a handsome property, as has been elsewhere stated. He was a stockholder in the first bank in Richmond, in the first turnpike company, and in the first railroad com- pany, and a director in each of them. He was married, in 1819, to Elizabeth Chalfant. Ilis children were: Thomas H., who married Rachel, a daughter of James Thompson; Will- iam, who married Sarah J., and Warner, who married Rachel L., daughters of Nathan Rambo ; Oliver H., who married Elizabeth, daughter of Joseph Overman, of Center; and Ruth Ann, wife of John D, Wiggins. Caleb Shearon died Janu- ary 28, 1854. The wife of T^homas II. died December 9, 1870. Oliver II. removed a few years since to Kansas.

John SxMith was born in Xorth Carolina, and was one of the pioneer settlers of Richmond in the year 1806. As an early settler, as the first merchant, and as the first proprietor of the town, he has been noticed. He settled in what is now

436 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

the soutli part of the city, west from the public square, where, in 1811 or 1812, he built the house now owned by Jeremiah Hadley, the first brick house built in the town, and probably the first in the county. He was married, in I^orth Carolina, to Letitia Trueblood, who died about the year 1813, and by whom he had five sons, Kobert, Caleb, l!Tathau, John, and Samuel W., the last of whom was for a time a merchant in Richmond ; and six daughters : Mary, who was married to Thomas Nixon ; Sarah, to Thomas Lamb; Pennina, to Jesse Symonds; Eliza- beth, to Stephen Holloway; ISTancy, to Daniel Trimble; Gu- lielma, to Joseph Meek, of Abington. After the death of his wife he married, about the year 1818, Mrs. Jane Pleas, of Ohio, by whom he had a daughter, Esther, who married Jere- miah Hadley, and died N"ov. 29, 1861. Mr. Hadley has been for many years a citizen of Richmond, and is at present, and has for several years been, the treasurer of the city school funds.

Charles W. Starr was born at Philadelphia, Feb. 28, 1792, and was married to Elizabeth Wilson, of Chester Co., Pa., who was born Feb. 14, 1798. In the year 1825, he removed with his small family to Richmond, and the next year bought the farm, of Jeremiah Cox, lying on the north side of Main street and extending to the East Fork. Cox had laid out lots east to Marion street, including the tier east side, and north to the first alley south of Sassafras street. The farm con- tained about 240 acres, and embraced all the lands bought by Cox north of Main street, except the part lying between the east bounds of the lots laid out on Marion [street and the river. The name of Charles W. Starr is intimately connected with the history of Richmond. His large farm, on which have been erected most of the finer class of dwellings, and nearly all the large manufacturing establishments of the city, was all laid out into lots. The value of lots sold before and since his decease is upward of $320,000, leaving still unsold lots of the value of about $60,000. He was an enterprising, energetic business man, and contributed largely to the improvement and prosperity of the town. He was an extensive house-builder. He erected a large number of buildings — business houses and dwellings. Among the former was a row on Main street, on

CITY OP RICHMOND. 437

and west of the corner of Franklin, where the First National Bank stands ; also, the Tremont House, on the north-east cor- ner of Main and Fifth streets. He also built, about the year 1831, a cotton factory, just above the Williamsburg turnpike bridge, and run it a few years. He was highly esteemed as a citizen, and was a member of the society of Friends. He died May 1, 1855, having bequeathed his large estate to his wife — an evidence of his confidence in her ability to manage and dis- pose of it. The children of Charles and Elizabeth Starr were : 1. John, who died in infancy. 2. AVilliam C, who married Anna M. Chipman,and resides on ]S"inth street. 3. James M., who married Lydia C. Briggs, of Cincinnati, who died about three years after her marriage, leaving a daughter, who died soon after. He married, second, Sarah Jane King, a daughter of Levinus King. 4, 5. Mary and Samuel ; both died in in- fancy. 6. Hannah A., wife of Isoah S. Leeds, a merchant in Richmond. 7. Lydia W., who died at 19. 8. l^athan H., who married Clara Gustin, at Middletown, Henry Co., where they reside. 9. Joseph W., who married Alida Burr, of Xorth Bend, Ohio. 10. Benjamin, who married Josephine Iredell, who died in 1868. He resides in Richmond.

Ithamar Warner, native of iSTew England, and for several years a physician at Salisbury until after the removal of the county seat from that town, came to Richmond about the year 1820. He was unmarried, and boarded several years with Robert Morrisson. He soon acquired an extensive practice, and in time accumulated a handsome fortune, of which, at his decease, he bequeathed the principal part to the town of Richmond. The brick building on North Pearl street, near the Citizens' Bank, known as the "Warner Building," was a donation. The citizens have erected an appropriate monument over his grave. He died in March, 1835, aged about 52 years. He was never married.

John Macamy Wasson, son of Archibald Wasson, was born in Wayne township, in the year 1810. His early years were spent on the farm of his father, with whom, in 1829, he re- moved to Richmond. He was married to Anna, a daughter of Josiah Moore, an early settler about two miles soutii-east from Richmond. She was born in 1813. While a resident of

438 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

Richmond, he worked several years at the wagon-making busi- ness. He afterward resided at Neill's Station, where he was postmaster from 1857 to 1859; and at Chester, where he held the same office from 1861 to 1864. He also resided two years at the town of Washington, whence he removed, in March, 1870, to Richmond, where he now resides. He commenced, several years ago, the collection of materials for a History of "Wayne County, and had gathered many facts relating to the early settlement of Wayne township, including the cit}^ of Richmond, some of which are embodied in this work. Al- though he did not proceed to the completion of the con- templated history, the project seems to have originated with him. The children of Macarny and Anna Wasson were: 1. Elizabeth, who died in 1844, at the age of 4 years. 2. Thomas J., who enlisted, for the late war, in the 19th (Col. Solomon Meredith's) Regiment; was wounded at the battle of Gales- borough, and taken to the hospital at Philadelphia. After his recovery he rejoined his regiment, and was killed in the battle of Gettysburg, in the first day's engagement, July 1, 1863. 3. Sarah Ann, wife of David Beedle. 4. William H., who en- listed, in 1863, in the 9th Cavalry, 121st Indiana Regiment; served two years, and was regularly discharged. 5. Albert C, who resides in Kansas, and is married. 6, 7. Mary and Eliza. Daniel P. Wiggins was born on Long Island, IST. Y., JSTov. 23, 1794. He married Phebe Dodge, who was born Sept. 2, 1796. In 1823, he removed with his family to Richmond. Being by trade a tanner, he was employed by Robert Morris- son to take the charge of his tannery, and a few years after was admitted as a partner. After a partnership of several years, he, with several of his sons, purchased the tannery built by John Smith. About the year 1851, he retired from the concern and all active business, with more than a competence, the reward of honest, persevering industry and prudent man- agement. He resides with his estimable wife, at a pleasant country seat in the suburbs of the city. They are exemplary members of the society of Friends, with which they united since their settlement in Richmond. They had eleven children: 1. William, who was born Oct. 2, 1814; mar- ried Emma Pyle, a daughter of Joseph Pyle, and died March

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CITY OP RICHMOND. 439

29, 1855. 2. Henry D., born Oct. 16, 1816; married Lavinia Pyle, sister of Emma, and died April 4, 1842. Slie married, second, Judge Samuel E. Perkins, now of Indianapolis, 3. Andress S., born Aug. 15, 1818, married Rebecca Boswell, and lives near Hagerstown. 4. Stephen R., born April 12, 1820, married Delitha Ann Hunnicutt, and resides in Richmond. 5. Charles 0., born xMay 23, 1822, married Mary Thatcher. 6. John D.,.born July 26, 1824, married Ruth Shisaron. 7. Phile- mon F., born Sept. 16, 1826; married, first, Mary Burr, of Ohio, and after her death, Henrietta, daughter of George Mc- Culloch. 8. Mary Elizabeth, born Oct. 18, 1828, married George ^Y. Barnes, and died Oct. 28, 1862. 9. Samuel B., born March 6, 1831 ; married Virginia Van Zant. 10. Sarah Ann, born August 19, 1833; married Wm, P. Benton, and died Feb. 23, 1861. He was a collector of United States rev- enue at 'New Orleans, where he died, March 12, 1867. 11. Daniel P., born Sept. 20, 1835; died Feb. 14, 1855.

Jesse Williams was born January 13, 1753. He married, first, Eleanor Johnson, by whom he had four children : John, Hannah, Esther, and Caleb. After the death of his wife he married Sarah Terrell, of Lynchbnrg, Va. He afterward re- moved with his family to iSTorth Carolina, where he resided many years, and then [1814] removed to Ohio, and in 1820 to Richmond, where he died in 1833, and his wife the same year. They had four sons and three daughters : Micajah T. ; Achil- les ; Robert, who died in Richmond in 1822 ; Jesse L., who is married, and resides at Fort Wayne; Anna, wife of Dr. Thomas Carroll, of Cincinnati ; Sarah T., widow of Dr. James R. Mendenhail, and resides in Richmond ; and Eliza, wife of John L. Burgess, of Dublin, Ind. Micajah T. came to Cin- cinnati as early as 1812, and died there in 1844. He was, while there, associated with Ephraim Morgan in publishing the West- ern Spy; a member of the legislature of Ohio; and president of the Ohio Life Insurance and Trust Company, His widow now resides with her son, Alfred K. Williams, on her place in Richmond.

Achilles Williams, son of Jesse AViUianis, was born in Grayson, now Carroll county, A'irginia, September 23, 1795. He removed, when young, with his father's family to Guilford

440 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

Co., IsT, C, to which place his grandfather had removed with his family from Maryland, in 1851 or 1852. In 1814, the family removed to Cincinnati. After a brief visit to this place, [now Eichmond,] in June, and a few months' sojourn at Waynesville, Ohio, the next ye£ir [1815] he returned in the fall to the South, and was married to Beulah Ilnthank. In 1817, he removed to Warren Co., O., and in the fall of 1818 to Richmond, and resumed his occupation — that of saddler — he being the first of that trade in the town — and continued the business for many years. He then entered into an un- fortunate partnership in establishing and carrjdng on a foundry, the first in the place. The business was most dis- astrous to him. After giving up all his eftects to his credit- ors, he was still largely in debt. In 1829, he was elected county commissioner, which ofiice he held several years. He was elected as a representative in the legislature for the ses- sion of 1837-38, and as a senator for the three succeeding ses- sions. After the election of President Harrison, he was ap- pointed postmaster at Richmond, but was superseded under Tyler. In 1844, he was elected county treasurer, and by re- elections continued in that ofiice eleven years. Although the ofiice was then far less lucrative than now, it enabled him, by proper frugality and economy, to cancel all the debts growing out of the partnership alluded to. And he often speaks of the kindness of his fellow-citizens in thus enabling him to ac- complish one of the most desirable objects of his life. He was appointed postmaster again by President Lincoln, and removed by President Johnson. He has, since the death of • Robert Morrisson, been the earliest settler with a family now living in Richmond. Plis wife died April 28, 1871.

The children of Achilles and Beulah Williams who lived to maturity, were Susan, wife of David Osborn, of Ohio; Joseph ; Rebecca, wife of Thaddeus Wright; Zalinda, who married Dr. Wilson Hobbs, of Carthage, Ind.; Robert; Martha, who married Milton Yeo, of Ohio; Sarah, wife of Benj. Webb; and Caroline, wife of Charles C. Dennis, of Indianapolis. Robert died in 1861 ; Rebecca and Martha in 1866.

Thomas iT. Young, born in Augusta Co., Va., January 23, 1817, removed in 1833 from Ohio to this county with his

CITY OF RICHMOND. 441

father, who settled about 1-| miles west of the town of Boston, where P. Shidler now resides. Thomas commenced teaching school at the age of 18, and was engaged alternately in teach- ing and farming for a number of years. He married Mary Beard, a daughter of Peter Beard, of Boston, and in 1848 re- moved to liichmond, and engaged in the grocery business, but returned to his farm in Boston in 1849. In 1851, he returned to Richmond, and resumed the grocery and provision trade, in which he still continues. He was for several years a member of the city council ; and in May, 1867, was elected mayor, which office he filled acceptably for the regular term of two years. He had six children, besides one who died in infancy, namely : Augustus B., a practicing lawyer in liichmond ; Charles W. and George F., partners of their father in trade; Peter W. ; Mary V., and Dora B.

John Yaryan was born at Knoxville, Tenn., and removed, in the fall of 1816, with his father, to the south part of AVayne Co., Ind., which was in 1819 cut off by the formation of Union county. He studied law with Judge James Perry in 1841-42, and commenced practice in Liberty. He was in 1846 elected a representative in the legislature from Union county, and subsequently to the senate. In 1858, he removed to Rich- mond, where he has since been engaged in his profession.

LODGES IX RICHMOND.

AYebb Lodge, No. 24, F. & A. M. Charter dated Oct. 1823. Officers— Wimaxn Pugh, W. M. ; J. R. Mendenhall, S. AV. ; AYm. Vaughan, J. AV. ; John Suffrins, Treas. ; John C. Kib- bey, Sec'y; Samuel Evans, S. D.; AA"m. M. Doughty, J. D. This Lodge was instituted at Centerville, Xov. 7, 1823, by George L. Murdock, M. AV. G. M. P. T. ; Bartholomew McCfeary, Sen., G. AA^ P. T.^; John Hawkins, Jun., G.AV. P. T. ;

Trowbridge, Gr. Treas. ; AVm. Thomas, Gr. Sec. ; Aaron

Delabar, Gr. Sen. Deacon ; G. AV. Kemble, Gr. -Inn. Deai-on ; James B. Ray, Gr. Tyler, Alarshal ; Philip Mason, Philip A^in- dergriff, AVm. Youse.

This lodge met alternately at Centerville and Kielnnond, ^31

442 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

until 1833, when a charter was granted to Samuel Fleming, John Finlej, and Wm. S. Addleman, to be held at Kichmond. Present officers — Daniel W. Johnston, "W. M. ; Charles E, Mar- lett, S. W. ; Le Roy Land, J. W. ; John J. Rouej, Treas. ; S. C. Byer, Sec'y; C. A. Hatch, S. D. ; Wm. P. Sparks, J. D. ; Edward Woolverton, Tyler. Number of members, about 100.

Richmond Lodge, ^o. 196, F. & A. M. Chartered May 28, 1856. Charter merahers — Wm. B. Smith, Wm. Sinex, Wm. F. Spinning, Lewis Burk, John W. Griffin, T. J. Ferguson, Wm. L. Farquhar, Joseph Thatcher, John Elderkin, John Finley, John Sufirins. First officers — Wm. B. Smith, W. M. ; Wm. Sinex, S. W. ; Wm. F. Spinning, J. W. ; Lewis Burk, Treas. ; J. W. Griffin, Sec'y; Charles Fisk, S. D. ; Henry Staley, J. D. Present officers— U.W. Deely, W. M. ; Chas. A. Bates, S. W.; Cornelius Ratliff, J. W. ; John SufFrins, Treas. ; J. A. Unthank, Sec'y; A. S. Reed, S. D. ; J. H. Stinsou, J. D. ; Harvey Sto- ver, Tyler. ]S'umber of members, about 80.

Whitewater Lodge, No. 41, L O. O. F., was instituted May 1, 1847. Charter members — W. P. Wilson, Edwin Irwin, Se- date Bickmore, Thomas Vickers, W. L. Farquhar. First offi- cers— W. P. Wilson, N. G. ; Sedate Bickmore, Y. G. ; Edwin Irwin, R. S. ; Thomas Vickers, Treas. Present officers — Henry R. Downing, K G. ; Frank K. Hess. V. G.; John F. Kuhl- man, R. S. ; Saul G. Dugdale, P. G., Treas. ; Edward Bellis, P. G., Per. Sec'y. Original number of members, 11 ; present membership, 160. Present resources, §17,500.

Hermann Lodge, No. 199, I. O. O. F., was organized May 14, 1858. Charter members— John H. Popp, Charles Leive, Anton Egli, Joseph Schluter, John M. Hamann, Charles Hoel- scher, Jacob Goehner, John Schumann, Engelbert Wessner, Louis Runge, Henry Kruvel. First officers-John H. Popp, N. G.; Henry Kruvel, V. G. ; Joseph' Schliter, R. S. ; Jacob Goehner, Treas. ; , Per. Sec. Present officers — Mar- tin Eckerle, N. G.; Adolf Weisbrod, V. G. ; Henry Bartel, R. S. ; John Schumann, Treas. ; Henry G. Knopf, Per. Sec'y. Original number of members, 11 ; present membership, 103.

Woodward Lodge, No. 212, I. O. O. F., was organized Aug. 30, 1859. Charter members— 'E. C. Pyle, Wm. W. Foulke, O. H. P. Little, O. H. Shearon, Miles J. Shinn, P. G., D. P.

CITY OF RICHMOND. 443

Graves, W. P. "Wilcoxen, T. J. Xewby. First officers— E. C. Pyle, K G.; Wm. W. Foulke, V. G. ; A. ^V. Mendenhall, R. S.; O. H. P. Little, Treas.; O. II. Shearon, Per. Sec'y. Present officers— Eno8 Geary, K G.; John M. Hinton, V. G. ; Wm. Coddington, R. S.; James Williams, Treas.; E. H. Ooii- kle, Per. Sec'y. Original number of members, 43; present membership, 205.

Richmond Lodge, No. 254, 1. O. O. P., was organized March 12, 1866. Charter members — Peter Johnson, W. W. Dudley, Gran Perry, J. R. Woods, J. R. Weist, E. H. Strattan, J. H. McLityre, M. M. Lacy, M. E. McMeans, A. S. Johnson, G. W. Benton, J. J. Russell, B.J. Miller, James Skinner, Joshua Hunt, Philemon Dickinson, J. E. Rogerson, J. P. Iliff. First officers— J. R. Woods, K G. ; M. M. Lacy, V. G.; M. E. McMeans, R. S.; J. R. Weist, Treas.; J. J. Russell, Per. Sec'y. Present officers— U. C. Weller, N. G.; C. E. Zimmer- man, V. G.; S. B. Williamson, R. S.; W. P. Wilson, Treas.; J. R. Milliken, Per. Sec'y. jSTumber of members at the end of the first quarter, Q6; present membership. 111.

Harmonia Encampment, ITo. 75, I. 0. 0. F., was organized Feb. 8, 1866. Charter members — Charles Leive, Jacob Goeh- ner, Christian Shulz, Gottleib Lichteufels, Henry Kruvel, Louis Meyer, J. H. Scheppmann, Anton Bescher, Gottleib Weidner, Baltasar Bescher, P. S. Hoffmann, Louis Knopf, Louis Runge, Anton Egli, Sales Minner, Isaac Shire. Plrst officers — P. S. Hoffmann, C. P.; Charles Leive, H. P.; Louis Knopf, S. W.; Louis Runge, J. W.; Louis Meyer, Scribe; Au- ten Bescher, Treas. Present officers — Jacob Noss, C. P. ; Henry Kehlenbunck, H. P.; John E. Hugo, S. W.; John Hoffmann, J. W. ; Jacob Weber, Scribe ; Adolf Weisbrod, Treas. Orig- inal number of members, 16; present membership, 46.

Odd Fellows' Provident Association of Wayne County was organized Jan. 1, 1869, by 37 members of the order, at Richmond. By the payment of a small initiation fee, and at the death of a member one dollar, a fund equal to one dolhir for each member is laid away to pay to the family of a deceased member. Four such payments have been made, amounting to nearly $1,500. 586 members of the order have attached them-

444

HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY

selves to the association. The fee being so small compared with the benefits, the association advises every member of a lodge to join.

The Odd Fellows' Hall, on the south-west corner of Main and Fifth streets, was built in 1868 and 1869, and is one of the largest and finest buildings in the city. It is three stories high ; fronts on Main street 52 feet, and is 100 feet deep. The lodge rooms are in the third story; the second story is appro- priated to business offices; the first story is occupied as a dry goods store, by Hadley Brothers, in the east part; and in the west part is the bookstore of Kicliolson Brothers. The build- ing is well finished throughout, and the entire cost of the property is about $40,000.

CITY OF RICHMOND. 445

Public Halls.

Phillips' Hall, built b}- Abraham Phillips and James M. Starr, has been noticed. [See page 370.]

Lyceum Hall, on the south-east corner of Fifth street and Broadway, was built in 1868-69, by a company, of which the original stockholders were : Hannah A. Free, Edmund Edmundson, John Griffith, "Wallace Fanning, Wm. Conklin, Ellen and Catharine Sofirain, Samuel Maxwell, and Luther Crocker. The building, which is three stories high, fronts on Fifth street, 62J feet, and is 90 feet on Broadway. It is a beautiful brick structure, and its location is an eligible one. Its hall, which is in the third story, is elegantly furnished, and has the capacity to seat 1,000 to 1,200 persons. The post-office was removed, the iirst of January, to the east part of the building, recently vacated by the express companies. The west part continues to be occupied by Mes- sick & Dunham, dealers in cabinet furniture.

446 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

SUPPLEMEi^T.

[A considerable amount and variety of matter was received after much more space than was assigned to the history had been filled. Wayne township and Richmond having been last canvassed, they furnish most of the matter of these sup- plementary pages. Omissions in a few other townships are here supplied.]

Dry Goods Merchants. — Ralph A. Paige, in 1847, com- menced the mercantile business, which he still continues at the south-west corner of Main and Marion streets. He is said to have been longer continuously in trade, from the present time past, than any other dry goods merchant in the city.

Wm. Petchel, in 1847, the same year as Mr. Paige, com- menced the same business, on north side of Main street, be- tween Front and Pearl, and has for ten years past occupied his present place, 246 Main street.

Joshua W. Haines, in January, 1851, bought of John Haines his stock of goods, and still continues an extensive trade, south side of Main street, near Pearl.

Richard Jackson, formerly in trade in Cincinnati and In- dianapolis, established business in Richmond, in 1853, which, either alone or in partnership, he has continued successfully to the present time.

Daniel B, Crawford, with Wm. C. Scott, commenced the dry goods trade in 1850, at " old No. 8," now 190 Main street, and continued in the business about nine years. In 1864, he resumed business, which he still continues at 242 Main street.

Emswiler & Crocker established, in 1860, a wholesale and retail trade in notions and toys, which is still continued by A. E. Crocker & Co., north side of Main street, between Pearl and Marion.

Andrew M. Miller came to Richmond about 18 years ago, and established a clothing store, and after several years en- gaged also in the boot and shoe trade, which he still con- tinues at 264 Main street. In 1864 he discontinued the

SUPPLEMENT. ' " 447

clothing business, and engaged largely in the tobacco and cigar trade, which he still continues on Fort Wayne avenue. He is among the successful business men of the city.

Grocers. — Clayton Hunt, formerly and for many years a mechanic in Richmond, commenced business as a grocer in 1860, at 253 Main street. From 1866 to 1868, the firm was C. Hunt & Sons ; from the latter date to the present. Hunt Brothers.

Thomas Nestor has for many years been in the grocery trade. He commenced in 1853 on Main street, between Washington and Front streets, and for the last sixteen years has occupied his present place, south-east corner of Front and Main.

George W. Barnes engaged in the grocery business, about twenty years ago, as a member of the firm of Lynde & Barnes. The business has since been for many years conducted by George W. Barnes & Co.; and, since the decease of his late partner, E. W. Yarrington, by himself alone, at 223 and 225 Main street. lie cures about 20,000 hams annually, and deals largely in flaxseed and grass seeds.

Booksellers. — James Elder established a book and sta- tionery store, in 1846, second door east of the Citizens' Bank, and removed, in 1868, to his present stand, 255 Main street. He is the oldest bookseller in the city.

Timothy and John Xicholson, from ISTorth Carolina, suc- ceeded Wm. E. Smith, in 1860, in the book trade. Since the year 1869, they have occupied their present spacious store- room in the Odd Fellows' building, where they are pursuing an extensive trade in books and stationery. They have also a book-bindery.

Oliver White, in 1866, engaged in the book trade, with W. H. Lanthurn. After the withdrawal of the latter, John E. Hale became a partner. The business has since been con- tinued under the firm name of 0. White & Co. until the present time. [Mr. White retired on the 1st of January, 1872 ; and the business is conducted by J. E. Hale & Co., at the same place, on Main street, between Franklin and Fifth.]

Charter Oak Pork House. — This establishment was com- menced in the winter of 1853-4, by William Wiggins and

448 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

TV"m. S. Eeid, for buying and slaughtering pork. On the death of Mr. Wiggins soon after, Jeremy Mansur joined Mr. Reid. Mansur & Reid carried on the business until 1861 or 1862, when Mr. Mansur retired, and Gr, W. Vanneman, C. 0. Beeler, and John P. Smith became partners of Mr. Reid ; since which time the business has been continued under the firm name of Yanneman, Reid & Co. In 1867, this estab- ment took the name of " Charier Oak Pork House." It has the capacity to slaughter and take care of about 900 hogs a day, or about 20,000 in a season, lasting about 20 days. The average number actually handled within the last three years, prior to 1870, was about 14,000 a year, and the value of the pork annually slaughtered and sold, about $250,000. This establish- ment was a few years ago destroyed by fire, but was promptly rebuilt. Nearly 20,000 were slaughtered in 1870, and in the season of 1871, 20,638.

Gas Works. — In July, 1854, a charter was obtained by Charles Collier for the -Richmond Gas Light and Coke Com- pany. The company was organized in June, 1855, with a capital of |25,000. Its stockholders were Charles Collier, Robert Morrisson, Wm. Cain, John T. Plummer, and Wm. R. Webster. John T. Plummer was its first president; Wm. R. Webster, secretary ; Wm. Cain, treasurer. The works were built by Charles Collier, and completed in December, 1855. In December, 1856, they were leased to Starr & White, [James M. Starr and Benj. C. White,] who carried on the business for about thirteen years. A new charter was granted in February, 1870, for the term of five years. James M. Starr, president; Benj. Starr, secretary. These works supply 91 street lamps, and upward of 700 private consumers. The re- ceipts for gas in 1870 were about $19,000.

Planing Mill, etc. — William Cain, for many years a lum- ber dealer in the city, built, in 1870, with his sons, T. P. and William, a planing mill on Fort Wayne avenue, where, in connection with the lumber trade, they manufacture sash, blinds, flooring, scrolls, moldings, etc.

Steam Bakery. — Daniel K. & Joseph S. Zeller, in 1866, succeeded Bradbury, Strattan & Co., in the steam bakery on Sixth street, and in 1869 erected the building they now oc-

SUPPLEMENT. 449

ciipy, Kos. 357 and 350, where they bake the various articles in the baker's line, but more especially crackers, of which they make about 35 barrels a day. [B. F. Crawford, proprie- tor of AYhitewater Mills, became a partner of the Zellers the first of January, 1872.]

Hotels. — The Huntington House, elsewhere noticed, lias re- cently been again repaired and imiu'oved, and is at [)resent occu- pied hy Joseph H. Githens.

The Tremont House, corner of Main and Fifth streets, built by Charles W. Starr, in 1838, was for several years kept as the "Starr House," by Maria Hurlbut, and from 1846 to 1854, by its owner, C. W. Starr. It has for several years past been kept hy its present proprietor, John Elliott.

The Avenue House, on Fort Wayne avenue, near the rail- road depot, was erected, in 1864, by Jacob Goehner. Himself and Gottleib Lichtenfels were its first proprietors. In 1869, it was re-opened by Joseph H. Githens and Henry Ricks. In April, 1871, Mr. Githens was succeeded by its present proprie- tor, J. B. Curtis.

The Phillips House, on North Marion street, near Main, was opened in 1871, as a hotel, by J. S. Nixon.

Cascade Garden and Nursery. — Edward Y. Teas came to Richmond in 1863, and commenced the business of nursery- man and florist, which he continues to carry on successfully. Besides cultivating a vast variety of fruit and ornamental trees, vines, flowering plants aud shrubs, he imports many trees, plants, and seeds, and supplies the nursery and flower trade in many of the states. His oflice and greenhouses are at 255 South Pearl street; his nursery, one mile south, on the Liberty turnpike ; and his seed store and horticultural depot, at 295 Main street.

Gardner Mendenhall resides one mile and a half east from Richmond, on a highly cultivated piece of land, on which are a nursery and a greenhouse. His grounds are tastefully laid out and ornamented, and his residence is styled, and not inappropriately, " Sylvan Heights."

Richmond Medical and Surgical Sanitarium. — This institu- tion is about a mile south-east from the city. A school called "Green Mount College" was established here by John 31

450 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

Haines, and coutinued for about five years. It was then sold to Dr. James E. G-ross, who fitted it up for a water cure, styled " Green Mount Retreat," and occupied it as such for about five years, having greatly improved the grounds and buildings. This property has recently been purchased by Dr. E. Small, of Boston, Mass., and elegantly fitted up; and is to be devoted, in future, to the medical and surgical treatment of diseases peculiar to women. It is a healthful and inviting home for the invalid.

ABINGTON.

[The following supplies an omission in the town of Abington.] The first resident 'physician that practiced in the township was W". J. Matchett, in 1828. He was succeeded by James Ruby, who practiced some ten or twelve years ; within which period, he took into partnership a former student of his, John M. Swallow, who is said to have had a very extensive practice, and died in 1849, at the early age of thirty-three. After him came Dr. John Cleveland, who also is said to have been a successful practitioner, now residing at Centerville. He was followed by Moses G. Mitchell, of Ohio, now a Uni- versalist preacher, residing in Abington. Present physicians — John Q. A. Robbins, and James E. Swallow, son of John M. Swallow, above mentioned.

The first wagon-maker was John Gilbert ; the next, William Harp. The present ones are the four Green brothers, Thomas, Thaddeus, Daniel, and Charles. Present blacksmiths — Thomas Stevens, Caswell Hollar, and Moses Mitchell. Harness- makers — Samuel and Erank^Lell. Carpenters — Andrew Hunt, Ferdinand and Harrison Weber. Shoemaker — Daniel Jen- nings.

SUPPLEMENT. 451

GREEN.

[The folloAving was omitted in the history of Green township.] In the enumeration of the cliildren of Jolm Lewis, the name of Joseph was omitted. It slionhl liave fulk)Ave(i tliat of Sarah. Besides those named were four, none of wliom passed the period of childhood.

George D. McPherson w^as born in Stokes county, Xorth Carolina, in 1789; was married, in 1814, to Charity Locke (still living), daughter of a Revolutionary captain ; moved to Warren county, Ohio, and thence to Green township, Wayne county, Indiana, in 1825. In 1843, he removed to Iowa, wdiere he now resides. He has six children : Joseph W., who married Sarah Lenington; was a merchant at Economy; moved to Iowa in 1856; is a Methodist minister, and has ten children ; of whom three sons were Avounded in the L^nion army, and one was a member of tlie legislature. Lucretia married Phenton Riley; twelve children. Abigail married Samuel Lenington; both dead; four children. John, twice married, resides in Marshall county ; twelve children. Ruth, twice married ; now deceased ; two children. Elizabeth, wife of Rufus K Mills, resides in Randolph county ; three children.

JACKSON.

[The following should have been inserted among the sketches of citi- zens of this township.]

John Boyd, son of Samuel Boyd, Sen., settled, in 1812, on Green's Fork, two miles east of the p)resent town of Jackson- burg. He married, in 1819, Susan Scott, daughter of Alexan- der Scott, and is the father of thirteen children : Samuel S., Sarah A., Xelson, Cynthia, who died in infancy ; AVilliam A., who, as Major of the 84th Indiana volunteers, was killed in the late war, at Tunnel Hill, Georgia ; Eliza J., John F., James W., Joseph L., a private soldier in tlie 57th Indiana volunteers, wdio died soon after the battle of Pittsburg Land- ing, from exposure in the lield ; Oliver C, Mary, Martha, and Susan ; all of whom were married, exce[)t Oliver C, who still

452 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

resides with his parents. In 1857, John Boyd sold his farm and removed to Dublin, where he and his wife now reside, aged, respectively, 82 and 71 years. Four of his sons and two sons-in-law enlisted in the Union army during the late war ; and three of the number, two sons and one son-in-law, laid down their lives in defense of their country.

William B. Enyeart was born in Butler county, Ohio, in 1820, and came to Cambridge City in 1847, about the time of the completion of the Whitewater Valley Canal. He was one of the firm of Port & Enyeart elsewhere mentioned as having established the wholesale ^grocery trade. [Page 249.] He has until recently resided at that place, where he was for many years actively engaged in several kinds of business, mer- cantile and manufacturing. He served with credit as a soldier in the war with Mexico. He was married, in 1850, to Elvina, a daughter of Wm. Port. Mrs. E. and an infant son both died in 1851 ; and in 1853, he married Mary Jane, also a daughter of Wm. Port. This wife died March 25, 1869, leaving three children, William, Thomas, and Sarah F. Mr. Enyeart married, January 22, 1871, for his third' wife, Mrs. Martha Webbert, a daughter of Emsley Hoover, and relict of John Webbert, of Jacksonburg, where E. now resides, and is engaged in farming, stock raising, and the real estate business. He occupies a prominent position in the Masonic order, and has taken an active part in getting up the Masonic Mutual Benefit Association.

Isaac Vohe, from Harford county, Md., settled in the woods 3| miles north-east from Richmond, on Middle Fork, on the farm now owned by Clarkson Strawbridge. In 1830, he re- moved to Richmond; and in 1846 to Dublin, wdiere he died in 1862, aged about 79 years. He had eight children, four born in Maryland, and four in Wayne county. The four younger ones died of putrid sore throat in the fall of 1830 A daughter died some years later. There are now living one son, Jacob, for many years a merchant and farmer at Dub- lin ; Ruth, wife of Solomon Horney, of Richmond ; and Eliza, wife of Solomon Gause, in Waynesville, Warren county, Ohio.

SUPPLEMENT, 453

WEBSTEE.

The board of coiinty commissioners, consisting of Oliver T. Jones, Anclress S. "Wiggins, and William Brooks, at their last session, held in December, 1871, laid off a new township, taken from the townships of Center, Green, Xew Garden, and Wayne. Its inhabitants have since given it the name of Webster, which is also the name of the post-office at its busi- ness center, now generally called "Dover," lying on the line between jSTew Garden and Center. This little town, when laid out, many years ago, was named Fairfax, and is still so named on the latest county map. This township is about 41- miles in length, east and west, and SJ miles wide ; containing an area of nearly 15 square miles. Of this territory, 6 square miles were taken from Center ; 3 from Green ; about Sy- from New Garden ; and 2J from Wayne. Chiswell Coggeshall was appointed trustee of the township; Samuel Roberts, assessor; , justice of the peace.

454 HISTORY OF WAYNE COUNTY.

COEEECTIONS.

Green TowxsHip. — On page 224, Richard Lewis is said to have taught the first school. It was Joseph Lewis, as stated in his sketch, page 230.

Harrison Township. — On page 233, Elias Scott is said to have been a son of John Scott, deceased, and to have died in the township. Elias is grandson of John Scott, deceased, and son of James, deceased, and re- sides on the homestead of his father, as stated on page 242.

Richmond. — Page 400. The number of bricks laid in the "Old White- water meeting-house," is stated at 66,000. The number was 266,000.

TERRITORIAL AND STATE GOVERNORS.

Governor of the Territory North-ivest of the Ohio. — Arthur St. Clair, from October 5, 1787, to July 4, 1800.

Governors of Indiana Territory. — William H. Harrison, from July 4, 1800, to 1812. John Gibson, acting governor, from 1812 to 1813. Thomas Posey, from March 3, 1813, to November 7, 1816.

Governors of the State of Indiana. — Jonathan Jennings, from November 7, 1816, to December 4, 1822. William Hendricks, from December 4, 1822, to February 12, 1825. James B. Ray, acting governor, from Febru- ary 12, 1825, to December 7, 1825. James B. Ray, governor, from Decem- ber 7, 1825, to December 7, 1831. Noah Noble, from December 7, 1831, to December 6, 1837. David Wallace, from December 6, 1837, to December 9, 1840. Samuel Bigger, from December 9, 1840, to December 6, 1843. James Whitcomb, from December 6, 1843, to December 26, 1848. [Lieut- enant-governor Paris C. Dunning, acting governor, to December 6, 1849.] Joseph A. Wright, from December 6, 1849, to January 12, 1857. Ashbel P. Willard, from January 12, 1857, to January 1, 1861. Henry S. Lane, inaugurated January 1, 1861 ; was a few days after elected United States senator. Oliver P. Morton, lieutenant-governor, served to January, 1865. Oliver P. Morton, inaugurated January, 1865, was soon elected United States senator. Conrad Baker, lieutenant-governor, served to January, 1869. Conrad Baker, present incumbent, from January, 1869.

Members of Constitutional Conventions from Wayne County.

Convention of 1816. — Jeremiah Cox, Joseph Holman, Jeremiah Meek, Patrick Beard.

Convention of 1850. — John S. Newman, James Rariden, Othniel Bee- son, John Beard, son of Patrick Beard.

ADDITIONAL NUTKS AND COKKE( TloNS.

Page 88. The office of Coimty Auditor was eslalili.-lied as early as IMl, l.y act of the legislature. The official term was five years. Francis Kiiiff.-erved one term; Thomas Adams two terms — in all, fourteen years. Probably the second term of Adams was cut short one year by the adoption of tlie constitution of IS.'d, by wliicii the term is fixed at four years.

P. 91. The Kemofra^iV i/e/oW was established in .July, 1S7(), l.y .lohn Kndsley, of Abington township, and "William Thistlethwaite, jr., of ^^■aylu•: .lanus KhKr being principal edit(jr until the dtalh of Mr. End.-ley, in iKccnilur, ls7n. Mr. Thistlethwaite is at present sole proprietor.

P. 93. The Independent Pies^, in Centreville, was started by Nathan Siaiiton. P. 100, 101. Judgment for the lescued slave was S1,(.M», c< sts about S.j( 0. William Bulla paid about 81,000.

P. 228. John Green's family. Nancy, wife of George W. Prittan, not he, died in Iowa. Wijalt, not Wygatt, is the name of a son of John (ireen.

P. 23S. Isaac N. Beard was born in Indiana, not North Carolina; was married March 21, 1833. Matilda, given as the name of a daughter, should be Mnlinil.i. P. 241. John Kepler's oldest son is Orestes ^/c«?((/e;. P. 250. Samtiel II. Hoshour, Druggist, not S. P. Hoshour. P 258. Samtiel II. Hoshour, not Samuel K., was editor of the Item. P. 269. Nimrod II. Johnson's first son was Henry L", not Henry N. P. 271, 272. Thomas and Eli, [p. 272,] are sons of John, and grandsons of Aaron Morris, who had but five childien, of whom the 3d wa.s George, who married Khoda Frampton, and died at Miltcn, in 1843; 4th, Elizabeth ; 5th, Mary, wife of Joi'l Brewer, and resides in Wabash County. Elizabeth had no children. William, Joseph and Edith, are brothers and sister of Matthew Ferris, and childien of John Ferris. Jason, son of Samuel Moriis, is mentioned twice. He resides in Henry County, 1^ miles from Dublin.

P. 299. Wm. Hough's first wife was Kezia Hufl', not Katy.

P. 323. Of the persons named as early preacheis of the first Milford Meeting, the last three, Benjamin and Loui.-a Fulghum, and John Mihs. should have bten designated as present preachers.

P. 333. Ann^trony Grimes, not Anthony.

P. 339. Not Wm. Bulla, but his wife, was a member of the society. P. 342. John M. Hawkins, another son of Jonathan— name omitted. P. 352. Charles Moffitt's wafe, sister of Jeremiah Cox, Jun. P. 353. Hugh Moffitt married Sarah Childre, not Mary. P. 354. Enoch Kaiishack's wife was daughter of William, not Jacob Fouts. P. 360. D. P. HoUoway resigned the office of Clerk, November, 1843, and was succeeded by Wm. W. Lynde. Wm. A. Bickle was elected January, 1846; B. W. Davis, January, 1848; W. W. Austin, January, 1859; P. P. Kirn, January, 18(Ui.

P. 370. Henry Burnhani, meaning Dunham, again mentioned below, came to Richmond in 1819.

P. 390. Howard & Grubbs. 7,<flf(c R. Howard, not John R. P. 416. Daniel B. Crawford's family. Eliza J., not Elijah .1. P. 419. Jonas Gaar's family. Emeline married II. N. Land, not Lamb. P. 420. Daniel W. Iliatt was marritd but once, (inlielma Sanders was tl.e second wife of Eleazer Hiatt.

P. 431. Wm. Wright was son, not brother, of John Wright, merchant, Milton. P. 433. Mary Ann, daugliter of Daniel Eeid. married Franklin I'. Uand.dl. P. 437. Wife of Joseph W. Starr was Eliza Burr, not Alid.i. P. 440. Achilles AVilliams' grandfather moved to North Carolina in 17.'.1 or 1752, not 1851 or 1852.

INDEX

Abin2;ton township, history of, 144.

Agriculture, early, 51. State board of. 112. First county agricultural society, 111. Cambridge City district society, 112. AVayno county joint stuck agricultural association, 114. Eichmond horticultural society, 114. llich- niond industrial association, 410.

America, discovery and early settlement of, 17.

Antislavery liistory : Log convention, and election of Jonathan Jennings to Congress, 94. Antislavery societies, petitions to Congress, and parties, 96. Society in Kichinond, 98 ; antislavery county nominations, 99.

Auditors of county, list of, 88.

Bedsteads, early, description of, 35.

Benevolent associations: Children's Homo, 408; Home for the Friendless, 409.

Block-houses and forts, in time of war, 75.

Boston township, history of, 151.

Bread, ditferent kinds of, in early times; difficult}- in obtaining it, 39-42.

Cabins, log, their structure and internal arrangements, 33-6.

Center township, historj' of, 161.

Cessions of western lands to general government, 19.

Clark, George R., expeditions of, against the Indians, 18.

Clay township, history oi", 195.

Clearing land, modes of, 37.

Cooking in early times, 49.

Corn, destruction of; squirrel hunts, 44; mode of harvesting and husking,

54, 55. County, Wayne [see Wayne County], officers, lists of, 86-9. Crist, Henry, trial and execution of, 123.

Dalton township, history of, 204.

Dane, Nathan, author of ordinance of 1787, 19.

Deer-hunting, description of, 46.

Dogs, killing sheep, how detected, 48.

Education and early schools, 68. England, colonies planted by, 18.

Fare of early settlers, 39. Flax, culture and manufactures of, 55. France, claims of, to American territory, 18. Franklin township, history of, 211.

Friends [see Histories of the townships and Richmond], imprisonment of, during the war of 1812, 76.

Goods, merchants', prices of, and of farmers' produce, 62, 63, 77, 78.

Green township, history of, 221.

Grinding grain, different modes of, 40; difficulties attending, 53.

456 INDEX.

Harrison, Wm. H., appointed governor of Indiana territory, 23.

Hariison township, history of, 231.

Hog hunts, description of, 45.

Horticulture: Kichniond horticultural society, 114; Cascade garden and nursery; Sylvan Heights, 449; Cambridge City flower and plant nursery, 253.

Household manufactures, 55; itinerant spinsters, 57; family dyeing and tailor- ing, 58. Tanning and shoemaking, 59.

Imprisonment of Friends during the war of 1812, 76.

Indiana, territory of, formed, 23; slavery in, 23; early criminal code, and

division of, 25; admission of, as a state, and its boundaries, 26. Indians, leagued with the British, 18; lands ceded by, 23; alarms and murders

by 72-4; Harrison's campaign against, 74. Innkeepers' charges fixed by county commissioners, 84. Internal improvements: National and turnpike roads, 107, 108; canals, 108;

railroads, 110.

Jackson township, history of, 243; East Germantown, 244; Cambridge City,

248; Dublin, 262. Jefferson township, history of, 272. Judges, list of, appointed and elected, 87.

Julian, Eebecca, letter of, on customs, &c., of pioneer life, 66. Justices of the peace, list of, 89.

Lands, government prices of, and forfeiture of by settlers, 79. Leather, early mode of tanning, 59.

Life in the Twelve Mile Purchase, from 1810 to 1814, 66. Log-rollings, description of, 39.

Louisiana, purchase and division of, and temporary annexation to Indiana territory, 24.

Moats, different kinds of, eaten by settlers, 43.

Michigan, territory of, formed, 24.

Mills, early, 28, 31, 32; style and cost of early grist-mills, 42.

Morgan's invasion in the war of the rebellion, 135.

Morton, Oliver P., speech of, at "old settlers' meeting," 115; sketch of, 189.

New England, soil of, granted to Plymouth company, 17,

New Garden, history and early settlement of, 289.

Newspapers, in Kichmond, 90; at Centerville, 92, 172; at Cambridge City,

257; at Newport, 297. North-western territory, formation of, 19; division of, 23,

Old settlers' meetings: Meeting of 1869, speeches at, and exhibition of curi- osities, 115-123. Ordinance of 1787, forming North-western territory, 19.

Pastures, native, and wood ranges, for cattle and hogs, 44.

Peace, treaty of with Indians, at Greenville, Jul}', 1814, 76.

Perry, James, president of old settlers' meeting in 1869, 115.

Perry township, settlement and history of,304-313.

Pioneer life, reflections on, 64.

Pitt, Hampshire, trial and execution ; body rescued by C. Koddy, 124.

Population of Wayne county, 138.

Post-ofBces and postmasters of Wajme county, 140.

Preachers in boots, in early times, anecdotes of, 60.

Prices of goods, produce, labor, and land, 77.

Property, real and personal, valuation of, and taxes, 139.

INDEX. 457

Eainos, William, u boy, shouting of a wolf Ly, 45.

Recorders of county, list of, 88.

Keligious societies, 71. [8ee Histories of townships and liichrnond.]

Kichmond. [See Contents, yiago xv.]

lloddy, Christoi)her, rescues the body of Ilaniiishire Pitt, 125.

St. Clair, Arthur, first governor of Nortli-we>tern territory, 20 : his ro-i^na- tion, 22.

School-houses and schools, description of, G8.

Settlements, early, by Holman, line, and others, 27; Hoover families, and others, on Middle Fork, and about Kichmond, 28-31; on West Fork, 32; by Bulla, Davenport, and the Foutses, 32; Endsleys, Coxes, and Hunts, 144.

Settlers, condition of, after the war; prices of goods, produce, and labor; for- feiture of lands, 77-9.

Sheriffs, list of, 88.

Shoemaking, in families, 59.

Slavery, eflf'orts to establish in Indiana territory, 24.

Slaves, fugitive, rescue of in Richmond, 100; case of Wm. Bush, 101.

Sugar, maple, making of, described, 61.

Taxes, how levied in early years; progress of increase, 139.

Temperance cause, history of, 103-G.

Tippecanoe, battle of, with the Indians, in 1811, 74.

Township.*, organization and officers of, 183, 184.

Treasurers of county, list of, 88.

Treaties with the Indians, 21, 23, 27, 76.

Twelve Mile Purchase, date and description of, 26.

War of the relicllion, history of, 126, &c.

Washington township, formation and settlement, 83, 314.

AVayne, Anthony, governor of North-western territory, 22.

Wayne county, early settlement of, 27-30; its formation and organizat'on,

'27-30, 80;' location of the county seat, 81-3. Wayne township, formation of, 80, 81, 331. Western lands ceded to the general government, 19. Wheat, raising, harvesting, threshing, and cleaning of, 51-3. Whipping, a legal punishment in Indiana, 25, 126. Wild animals, 46. Wolves, trapping of, 47 ; bounties on scalps, 83.

INDEX OF NAMES.

NAMES OP PERSONS AND THE NUMBERS OF THE PAGES REFERRING TO THEIR RESPECTIVE BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES.

Addleman, John M. Addleman, William, Atkinson, John, .

Baldridge, Samuel, Barnes, John, Baxter, William, Beall, William, . Beard, John, . Beard, Mary, Beard, Isaac N. Beard, Thomas, . Beard, John, . Beeson, Benjamin, Beeson, Othiiiel, Beitzell, Henry, . Bell, William, Bennett, Thomas W Blanchard, William, Bloomfield, Lot, . Bond, Jesse, Booker, Samuel N". Bowen, Joseph, Bowman, Benjamin Bowman, David, Boyd, Samuel, Boyd, Samuel K. Boyd, John, Boyd, Samuel S. Bradbury, Abner M Bradbury, Daniel, Bryan, Henry, . Bulla, Thomas, Bulla, William, . Bulla, Joseph M. Burfijess, James P. Burk, Lewis, . Burroucrhs, Charles.

Chamness, William, Charles, Samuel, Cheeseman, Nehemiah Coffin, Elijah, . Comer, Stephen, Commons, David, Commons, Robert, Commons, William

217 218 194

284 337 337 195 237 237 238 325 326 327 328 285 411 411 412 173 202 173 285 285 286 238 227 451 266 239 203 174 338 339 158 158 413 210

210 340 286 413 174 176 174 175

Conley, John J. Cox, Jeremiah, . Cox, Jeremiah, Jun. Crawford, Daniel B. Crawford, William, Cull, Hugh,

Davis, Benjamin W. Davis, Joseph, Dean, Frederic, Druley, Nicholas, Dye, William,

Eliason, Joshua, .

Finch, Cyrus, . Finley, John, Foland, Valentine, . Foulke, William W.

Gaar, Abraham, Gaar, Jonas, Grave families. Green, John,

Haines, Abraham, . Ham, Jason, Hannah, Samuel, Harris, Benjamin, Harris, Obadiah, Hawkins, William, Hawkins, John, Sen. Hawkins, John, Jun. Hawkins, Nathan, . Hawkins, Amos, Hiatt, Benajah, Hiatt, Jesse, Hiatt, William, Hiatt, Eleazar, . Hibberd, James F. . Hill, Benjamin, . Hill, Robert, . Holman, George, Holman, Joseph, Holloway, David P. Hoover, Andrew. . Hoover, David, .

ISDEX OF NAMES.

459

Hoover, Frederic, . Hoover, H(MU-v, . Hoover, Henry, of CI Hoshour, Samuel K. Hosier, Lewis, . Hougl), Jonuthnn, Hough, William, . Hubbard, Jeremiah, Hubbard, Kichard J. Hunt, Charles, .

Johnson, Ezekiel, . Johnson, Nathan, Johnson, Nimrod H. Jones, Levi 3L . Jones, Oliver T. Julian, Isaac, Julian, Jacob B. Julian, George W. Julian, Isaac H.

Kepler, John, Kepler, Peter, Kibbey, John C. Kibbey..John F. King, Jesse, King, John, Kin ley, Isaac, Kinley, Isaac, Jun.

Lewis, John, Lewis, Joseph, Locke. AVilliam, . Lyle, John S.

McClure. Nathaniel, McCoy, Thomas, McGrew, William, Mansur, Jeremy, Martin, John, Martin, Benjamin L. Mason, John, Meek families, Mendenhall, James R. Meredith, Seilomon, Miner, Noah W. Moffitt, Cliarles, Moffitt, Hugh, . Moore, Charles H. Morris, Aaron, Morrisson, llohert, Morton, Oliver P.

Newman, John S.

Ogburn, Samuel, Osborn, Charles,

Parrv, Ji;

Parry, William, Peelle,Jnhn, Peclle, William A..

■MS 348 203 2137 240 21)9 209

329 149

20S 209 180 181 181 183 185 187

241 241 194 194 187 188 241 242

229 229 312 422

350 189 330 188 350 351 28G 352 423 270 271 352 353 330 271 424 189

190

203 313

353 353 300 191

Pennington, Joel, Perkins. Samuel E. Perry, James, . Perry. Oran, Personett, Joseph, Pierce, Isaac, PI ummer, Joseph P. Plummer, John T. Poe, James M. Pritchett. John, . Pu-h, William,

Railsback, David,

Railsback, Enoch, .

liaridon, Jamijs, . I Ratliif. C<5rnelius, 1 Ratliff, Cornelius, Jun j Reeves, Mark E. . I Reeves, James E.

Reid, Daniel, . I Reid, William S.

Robertson, Moses, .

Rupe, George and Henry

Russell, Samuel, .

I Sailor, John, .

Scott, Andrew F.

Scott, John,

Shearon, Caleb, .

Shinn, !Miles J.

Shugart, Geo. and Geo., Jun.

Shute, Samuel,

Smith, John, . I Smith, John W. . I Smith, Peter, . j Starr, Charles W. ! Stigleman, John,

Stonebraker, Adam,

Study, Henry, .

Test, Charles II. Thistlethwaite, William, Thomas, John, . Thomas, Francis, Tillson, Luther, .

Ulrich, John, .

Warner, Ithamar, Wasson, Joseph, Wasson, John Macamy, White, James, White, Joseph, . Wiggins, Daniel P. William.s, Achilles, . Williams, Jesse, . Williams, Jesse, .

Yaryan, John, Young, Thomas, . Young, Thomas N.

331

426 426 426 230 288 427 428 430 192 192

150 354 192 355 355 431 432 433 433 288 193 194

434 434 242 435 355 300, 301 . 356 435 272 150 436 193 289 231

193 357 301 303 219

437 357 437 220 358 438 439 194 439

441 160 440

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