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North Carolina State Library Raleigh

PULATION

CONOMY

,^>^«5^^

;^

NORTH

CAROLINA

Digitized by the Internet Archive

in 2010 with funding from State Library of North Carolina

http://www.archive.org/details/populationeconomOOwesl

p

OPULATION

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E

CONOMY

WESTERN

NORTH

CAROLINA

REGIONAL PLANNING COMMISSION

NORTH

CAROLINA

The preparation of this report, was financially aided through a Federal grant from the Urban Renewal Administration of the Housing and Home Finance Agency, under the Urban Planning Assistance Program authorized by Section 701 of the Housing Act of 1954, as amended.

PREPARED FORs

TOWN OF ANDREWS, NORTH CAROLINA

Percy B-, Ferebee» Mayor

TOWN COUNCIL

Zeb Conley So Jo Gernert Jo Harold Jones Jo Luther Truett

PLANNING BOARD

Wo Do Whitaker» Chairman

To Wo Burnette, Vice-Chairman

Co Fo Delaney

J, Ho Christy

Mo Eo Ennis

WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA REGIONAL PLANNING COMMISSION

Robert D. Barbour, Planning Director Gary M, Cooper, Asst o Planning Director

Project Staff;

"Wayne Ko Gladden, Community Planner ""Charles Cunningham, Community Planner Cecile Johnson, Secretary Norma Reid, Secretary

"Responsible for Andrews Planning Program ""Responsible for Report

April 1964

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

Introduction i

Summary 3

Population 5

Economy 26

Prospects for the Future 35

Appendix 41

INTRODUCTION

This report is a first step toward the completion of a comprehensive growth plan for the Town of Andrews. The Andrews Planning Board, charged with the task of con- ducting studies and preparing plans designed to assist in the orderly growth of the town, has contracted with the Western North Carolina Regional Planning Commission for technical assistance which is being financed from local and Federal sources.

While growth in the Andrews area has been slow, there is an increasing need to define long-range community goals and to prepare realistic plans for reaching these goals. The comprehensive plan is designed to fill this need.

The report on the population and economy of Andrews will serve as a basis on which to prepare plans for the physical development of Andrews. A knowledge of the type of people, their way of life, the jobs they hold and the potential economic opportunities will assist in arriving at decisions on the land development patterns desired for the community.

A community such as Andrews cannot be studied as a self-sufficient isolated unit. It affects - and is affected by - the larger geographical areas of which it is a part.

It has therefore been necessary to examine certain trends in evidence in these larger areas; the township, the county, and in some instances, the state - to better under- stand and compare the relationships between these areas.

This report does not -- and cannot -- predict Andrews' future. Only enlightened community leadership and the actions of local citizens can shape future development. This report can be used, however, in evaluating trends in the town's growth, the quality of living, and the growth character of local indus- tries. It is hoped that such knowledge will be helpful in shaping local efforts to better the living environment in Andrews .

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SUMMARY

Population

The Town of Andrews grew steadily in population from its incorporation in 1905 and reached its peak in 1930. A decline began in the depression years which levelled off in 1950-1960.

Migration Trends

Although the actual number of persons was substantially the same in 1960 (1,404) as in 1950 (1,397) the number would have been greater (due to an excess of births over deaths) if out-migration had not occurred.

Age Groups

The proportion of youngsters in the population declined in the last decade while those over 65 increased. A signifi- cant decrease occurred in the number and proportion of females in the child-bearing age group.

Income

Income levels in the area have improved but are still significantly below averages for the state and nation. More than half of all families in the township earned less than $3,000 annually and one out of every five earned less than $1,000. For Cherokee County as a whole, personal income in- creased at a rate faster than that in 3/4 of North Carolina's 100 counties.

Agriculture and Employment

The products of the soil and forests accounted for Andrews' beginning and early development. Declines in the

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SUMMARY

Population

The Town of Andrews grew steadily in population from its incorporation in 1905 and reached its peak in 1930. A decline began in the depression years which levelled off in 1950-1960.

Migration Trends

Although the actual number of persons was substantially the same in 1960 (1,404) as in 1950 (1,397) the number would have been greater (due to an excess of births over deaths) if out-migration had not occurred.

Age Groups

The proportion of youngsters in the population declined in the last decade while those over 65 increased. A signifi- cant decrease occurred in the number and proportion of females in the child-bearing age group.

Income

Income levels in the area have improved but are still significantly below averages for the state and nation. More than half of all families in the township earned less than $3,000 annually and one out of every five earned less than $1,000. For Cherokee County as a whole, personal income in- creased at a rate faster than that in 3/4 of North Carolina's 100 counties.

Agriculture and Employment

The products of the soil and forests accounted for Andrews' beginning and early development. Declines in the

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SUMMARY

Population

The Town of Andrews grew steadily in population from its incorporation in 1905 and reached its peak in 1930. A decline began in the depression years which levelled off in 1950-1960.

Migration Trends

Although the actual number of persons was substantially the same in 1960 (1,404) as in 1950 (1,397) the number would have been greater (due to an excess of births over deaths) if out-migration had not occurred.

Age Groups

The proportion of youngsters in the population declined in the last decade while those over 65 increased. A signifi- cant decrease occurred in the number and proportion of females in the child-bearing age group.

Income

Income levels in the area have improved but are still significantly below averages for the state and nation. More than half of all families in the township earned less than $3,000 annually and one out of every five earned less than $1,000. For Cherokee County as a whole, personal income in- creased at a rate faster than that in 3/4 of North Carolina's 100 counties.

Agriculture and Employment

The products of the soil and forests accounted for Andrews' beginning and early development. Declines in the

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lumbering, logging, and related industries brought about de- clines in employment and population. Forty-three (43 7o) percent of those employed in the county in 1940 were engaged in Agri- culture, Forestry, and Fishery; by 1960 this proportion had declined to fourteen (147o) percent.

Farming

Although the number who depend on agriculture as their sole occupation has declined, the value of farm products sold has risen steadily in the area to constitute a major source of income .

Industrial Development

Vigorous community efforts to bolster the sagging economy resulted in the location of two new manufacturing plants during the 1950-60 decade, these two plants now constituting the major source of employment in the township. There is a continued de- ' mand for further diversification, the most chronic need being job opportunities for unemployed males.

Unemp loyraen t

Chronic unemployment and under-emp 1 oymen t in the area has persisted for many years. This county, along with many others in the Southern Appalachian region, has been classified as a "distressed" county and many aid programs, both state and federal, are designed to relieve the unemployment problem.

Tour i sm

Although constituting a small share of the total economy, tourism offers a significant potential benefit for future de- velopment. Improved highways, service facilities for the

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traveller, the development and promotion of recreational and scenic attractions are needed to capitalize on this growing market. These opportunities and needs have been recognized in the Western North Carolina region and cooperative planning and development promise hope for the future.

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POPULATION

Andrews is a community of around 1,400 persons nestled in a broad valley in the mountains of Western North Carolina, In early days the Cherokee Indians grew maize near Valley River, which winds through the heart of town- The original white settlement was at the present site of Valleytown com- munity and was moved in 1890 to the newly formed community o f Andrews .

The construction of the Richmond and Danville Railroad line helped bring about the re-location of Andrews and its sub- sequent growth. In 1897 the first industry, a lumbering opera- tion, located in Andrews followed the next year by a tannery.

In the early part of the century the economy flourished due to trade and the extraction and processing of agricultural and forest products.

In May, 1922, an important meeting was held in Sylva, North Carolina, to determine the route for a proposed highway from Asheville to Atlanta. The proponents for the route through the Nantahala Gorge prevailed and construction was completed in 1923. With rail and highway access, Andrews continued to grow steadily at a slow but steady rate until the decline in lumbering and forestry operations set in during the 1930 ' s.

During the 1950's community-wide concern and action on the economic problem resulted in the location of two manufac- turing plants in the area. These two plants constitute the major source of employment in the township and have helped greatly in bolstering a sagging economy. Despite the levelling

off in population, unemployment continues high, income levels are relatively low and diversification of industry is greatly needed. Increased community awareness of the need to counter- act these trends -- common to the Southern Appalachian region -- offer hope for the future.

Population Trends

Andrews and Cherokee County have not shared in the gen- eral prosperity and dynamic population growth of the state and the nation in the post-war years. From the incorporation as a town in 1905, Andrews grew from 936 in 1910 to a high of 1748 in 1930. A decline set in during the depression years and the population levelled off at around 1400. Comparisons of popula- tion trends in Andrews, Valleytown Township excluding Andrews, Valleytown Township, Cherokee County and the State are given in the table on page 8.

It is interesting to note from an examination of the population trends above that, although the Town of Andrews ex- perienced a proportionately high increase in the early part of the period, growing along with the county, it has shown a trend opposite to that in the county since reaching its high point in 1930. Overall county population continued to climb to reach its highest point in 1940, from which a steady drop has taken place. The period which saw the largest absolute and percentage decline (1950-60) in the county actually resulted in a slight increase (by five) in Andrews. This is to suggest that while overall county-wide factors will continue to have an effect on the character of growth in Andrews, the single most important de- terminant will be the effects of the actions which take place in the town which provide oppor cun i t ie s for job-producing enter- prises.

•7-

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Age Composition of the Population

In addition to knowing the number of persons living in the community and trends in population growth, it is also helpful to know the age composition and recent significant changes which have occurred. It is generally considered a sign of a healthy economy if the high school and college graduates return to the community to find a livelihood. The community would thus find an increasing number of its residents in the younger or productive years. Likewise, a well "balanced" community would not have a high proportion of the very young and very old.

Age composition is frequently depicted in the form of a "population pyramid" showing the percentage of the pop-' ulation in each age group. The chart on page 10 shows graphi- cally the comparison between the 1950 and the 1960 population. The tables for the age groups are shown on page:ll. Although no profound changes are in evidence, it is significant to note that there are fewer youngsters to educate, and there is both a percentage and an absolute increase in the number 6 3 and over ,

The population of a community is not static, of course, and the age composition in Andrews in 1970 and future genera- tions will be most directly determined by the in-migration or out-migration that will occur.

Sex

There are slightly more females than males in the total population. From 1950 to 1960 the total number of females in- creased from 714 to 725, while the total number of males de- creased from 683 to 679. It is worthwhile noting that the female age group generally considered the child bearing age

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(15-44) declined significantly during this period. This group constituted 44.37o or 316 of the total population in 1950 and by 1960 was reduced to 280, or 38,77<,. Assuming no major changes in the birth rate and no significant migration, this would indicate a further decline in the younger age groups by 1970.

PERCENTAGE OF PERSONS, BY AGE CATEGORY ANDREWS 1950-1960

Age Group

Percent Distribution 1950 1960

Under 15

15-44

45-64

6 5 and over

31,	,0	27.6
41 .	.3	38.0
19,	.6	20.0
7,	,9	13,4

Income

The income available to the residents of a given area will, of course, determine their economic well-being, the level of consumer expenditures and capital investment, and their ability Cif not willingness) to provide for needed community facilities and services.

The amount of total income in the community, the average incomes and the income distribution by groups are of importance in community planning. Upon such levels de- pend community planning decisions such as:

** The possibility of expansions in retail trade and service areas;

-12-

** The degree to which high quality merchandise can be successfully marketed;

*■'■' The capacity to rehabilitate deteriorating or dilapidated areas;

*■>'< The opportunity for expanding educational op- portunities by means of new building, equipment, or per Sonne 1 ;

*'''' The ability to provide financial backing for new job-producing enterprises.

The total income received by families in Cherokee County almost doubled from 1949 to 1959- (from $6,643,750 to $12,948,500). Of this total amount, Valleytown Township received $3,950,000, shared by 1198 families. The township, embracing slightly less than 30% of the total number of families in the county, accounts for slightly more than 30% of total family income.

The amount of total family income by township as re- ported by the U.S. Census appears below.

TOWNSHIP		TOTAL	% OF	TOTAL FAMILY	% OF
	FAMILIES	TOTAL	INCOME	TOTAL
BEAVERDAM		194	4.8	$429,000	3.3
HOT HOUSE		235	5.9	$745,500	5.8
MURPHY		1637	40.8	$6, 127,500	47.3
NOTTLA		414	10.3	$901,000	7.0
SHOAL CREEK		331	8.3	$795,500	6.1
VALLEYTOWN		1198	29.9	$3,950,000	30.5
CHEROKEE COUNTY	4009	100.0	$12,948,500	100.0

In measuring Valleytown Township income, it is interest- ing to compare income not only with other townships in the county but also with the state and nation. These comparisons

* 1949 Census data not available by Township.

-13-

are made graphically in the bar charts on page 15, It can be seen that Valleytown's average or mean family income is fairly close to the overall county average, not far below that of the Murphy Township, but considerably below state and national averages. (Valleytown's $3297 constitutes 68 % of the North Carolina and only 51 7o of the national mean f ami 1 y income ) .

In addition to knowing the total amount of income which is earned in a given area, it is important to know among how many inhabitants the income is distributed. The three common-used methods for measuring so-called "averages' for a given area are:

Average (or Mean) Family Income - The total family income as reported divided by the total number of families.

Median Family Income - The mid-point: half the fami- lies earn less and half the families earn more than the median.

Per Capita Income - The total income of all families and individuals divided by the total population.

Of the above income measures, per capita income has been more frequently used by economists and sociologists in comparisons and analyses of trends and problems in under-de- veloped regions.*

* Figures on per capita income must be analyzed carefully as other factors will influence overall economic well-beings North Carolina, for instance, has relatively large families as com- pared to some of the more industrialized and urbanized states. Likewise, income figures as reported will not include such items as family gardens or live-stock and other consumer goods being produced for family consumption. For an interesting analysis see STUDIES IN PER CAPITA INCOME IN NORTH CAROLINA, UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA, 1956.

-14-

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The southeastern part of the United States has gener- ally fallen behind the nation in measuring per capita income, and the State of North Carolina has ranked relatively low among the southern states. The plight of the rural mountain regions likewise has been refle.cted in the relative standing in the state. Of the 100 counties, Cherokee County ranked 89th in per capita income in 19^*9 and during the succeeding decade climbed to #77 in rank,*

An additional consideration in analyzing community in- come is the method by which it is distributed. The income measures described above do not tell of the presence or ab- sence of concentrations of low income or high income groups« American's typically prefer calling themselves a nation where almost all people are in the "middle income" brackets, with- out undue concentrations of either wealth or poverty. How, then, is income distributed in the Andrews area? Does a small minority receive the bulk of the total income, leaving the great majority to subsist (or perish) at poverty levels--or are the average incomes shared by the bulk of the people with few very poor or very rich?

It is difficult to establish a doJ.lar figure of annual income by which to classify the "poor", the "middle" income, and the "rich." The Council for Economic Development in a study of national income figures indicated that by present- day standards in modern America, an average family should receive $4,000 a year in order to provide for the basic necessities of life. These necessities included adequate diet, clothing, decent housing, minimum medical care and recreation. The Governor of North Carolina in a report on poverty in this state recently considered an average family income of less than

* The 1949 figure of $389 when converted to account for inflation amounted to $476 C1959 dollars). The 1959 figure was $803, amount- ing to an annual average increase of 5,377o. The overall state average annual rate of increase was 4.26% and for the United States 3.8 97o,

16-

$3,000 as indicating near poverty conditions- It is inter- esting, therefore, to determine how the townships in Cherokee County measure in comparison with state and national income distributions.

The three broad groupings of family income (below $3,000, $3,000 - $7,999, $8,000 and over) are shown in the table on page 18. It is seen that over half of the families in Valleytown Township receive less than $3,000 annual income, with slightly more than six percent receiving more than $8,000 a year. These figures are contrasted with the state s 37,2% and the nation's 21.47o. At the upper end of the scale, slightly more than 6.3% of the families in the township re- ceive over $8,000 annually, measured against 13,5%, in the state and 26.5%, in the nation.

The amount of total income shared by the low income group and the high income group in Valleytown Township is practically the same, but, as shown above, there are a great many more families in the low income group among which it is distributed. Valleytown Township therefore is depicted as an area where there is a large proportion of low income fami- lies, with a very small percentage enjoying a fairly comforta- ble high income.

One final look at the income levels among the class which might be considered near destitute will be of value in understanding the needs and problems of the people in this area , More than one out of five families in the township received a total income of less than $1,000. This one statis- tic alone gives a hint of the magnitude of the problem faced by planners, economists, sociologists, community leaders and others interested in bettering the opportunities, living con- ditions, and environment in Andrews.

-17-

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-18-

DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME UNDER $3,000

TOWNSHIP	TOTAL FAMILIES	UNDER $1,000	7c OF TOTAL	SI 1	,000- ,999	% OF TOTAL	$2 2	,000- .999	7o OF TOTAL
Beaver dam	194	46	23,7		66	34.0		41	21.0
Hot House	235	41	17o4		46	19,6		29	12.3
Murphy	1637	404	24»7		227	13„9		307	18.8
Nott la	414	151	36,5		117	28.2		29	7,0
Shoal Creek 331	109	32«9		66	19,9		44	13.3
Val ley town	1198	257	2U4		232	19,4		162	13,5

TOTAL 4009

CHEROKEE COUNTY

1008

25, 1

754

612

15.3

Housing

The quality of housing is another important factor in com- munity planning. In addition to the location, density and trends in type and rate of residential construction, the land use planner must be aware of the housing conditions which will have an impor- tant effect on the evolution of the comprehensive community plan. The presence of sub-standard areas with inadequate facilities. perhaps improperly located in relation to commercial and indus- trial land uses, will be considered in the plan for the future land use. The needs for public expenditures in the way of water and sewer improvements, street widenings and paving will in part be gauged by the present housing problem. Such need in turn will be reflected in programming public improvements and budgeting ma- jor capital expenditures in carrying out the program.

19-

The 1960 U.S. Census showed a total of 457 housing units* in the Town of Andrews; 287 of these units were owner occupied, the average value of all units being $7,500; 23 units were vacant and available for occupancy.

The Census enumerators classified all housing units into three broad categories: Sound, Deteriorating, or Dilapidated^-* The units were judged strictly on the physical characteristics, both inside and outside, and did not take into consideration such other factors as neighborhood environment, age of the struc- ture, race or color of the occupants, or adequacy and availability of such community facilities as parks, playgrounds, schools, street conditions, and the like.

Of all housing units in Andrews, only fifty-seven percent were rated as in Sound condition; 146 were classified as Deter- iorating and 51 as Dilapidated. The determination of what is con- sidered "Standard" housing or " Sub- s tandar d " housing is usually a

* Living quarters were enumerated as housing units or group quar- ters. Usually a housing unit is a house, apartment, or flat; how- ever it may be a trailer or a room in a hotel. A "housing unit" is considered a house, an apartment, or other group of rooms, or a sin- gle room "when it is occupied or intended for occupancy as separate living quarters, that is, when the occupants do not live and eat with other persons in the structure and there is either (1) direct access from the outside or through a common hall, or (2) a kitchen or cooking equipment for the exclusive use of the occupants of the un it."

** Sound housing is defined as that which has no defects, or only slight defects which normally are corrected during the course of regular maintenance. Deteriorating housing needs more repair than would be provided in the course of regular maintenance. Such hous- ing has one or more defects of an intermediate nature that must be corrected if the unit is to continue to provide safe and adequate shelter. Dilapidated housing does not provide safe and adequate shelter and in its present condition endangers the health, safety, or well-being of the occupants.

-20-

subjective matter, depending often on who is doing the evalua- ting and perhaps depending on the occupant's own rating as to the adequacy of his structure. The community of Andrews may perhaps enact into law an ordinance which would define what it considers as Standard or Sub-standard housing, based on local determination. For the purposes of analysis and comparison, however, the classes of housing designated as Deteriorating and Dilapidated denote conditions which decidedly need correction and will be considered as Sub-standard. The break-down of hous- ing characteristics appears in the table on page 22.

Education

It is almost a truism to say that education is the key to the future growth of an area. Education is so basic in con- tributing to the attraction of new industry to an area that it is distressing to note the casual concern with which many treat this need. The present state administration has devoted itself to a concentrated effort to up-grade education standards at all levels.

public schools

gifted and exceptionally qualified

mentally retarded and handicapped

adult training and re-training

Some communities have discovered that those who attend the public schools, graduate from high school or even from col- lege will in many instances leave their town because of a lack of job opportunities. The community thiis loses those whom they can least afford to lose.

This "vicious cycle" is a difficult one to break. The needs the community faces may be summed up as:

-21.

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to encourage those in the public school system

to complete high school;

to find means by which every person so desiring

can receive a college education;

to provide basic education needs to the adult

population;

to provide training and re-training programs

for the unemployed.

Precise quantitative and qualitative measures of the above needs are difficult to come by for a given area^ As further research is accomplished by state and regional plan- ners it is hoped that the results will enable Andrews and Cherokee County to more carefully pin-point its education needs and tailor its efforts on a broad scale to meet the needs of its citizens.

Several measures concerning the number of years of pub- lic schooling attended by the present adult population 25 years or older will provide an insight into the status of education in the area.

The level of educational attainment is somewhat lower in Cherokee County than in Rural North Carolina. The contrast is more striking when comparisons are made with overall state aver- ages and with the levels attained in Urban North Carolina. The median number of school years completed in the county was 7.8 (half the population completed more, half less than this figure) This compares with 8,3 years in Rural North Carolina, 8,9 in the state overall, and 10.4 in Urban North Carolina. Valleytown Township, while slightly above the county average, (8.1) remains lower than that for Rural North Carolina.

The table on page 24 shows comparisons of educational levels within the township and the state^ It should be noted that in almost every category, all townships rank below the low-

-23-

est of the State averages (Rural North Carolina). Valleytown Township's is the highest ranking in one area - the number who have a high school education or beyond. The percentage of 26.1 ranks slightly higher than Rural North Carolina.

SCHOOL GRADES COMPLETED ADULTS 25 YEARS AND OVER

MEDIAN SCHOOL YEARS COMPLETED

7o COMPLETED LESS THAN 5 YEARS

COMPLETED 12 OR MORE YEARS

Cherokee County	7 .	,8
Beaverdam T	wp	6,	.1
Hot House		7 ,	,8
Murphy		8,	. 1
No tt la		7,	.2
Shoal Creek		6,	,5
Vail ey town		8,	.1
State of N.	C.	8,	.9
Urban N. C.		10,	.4
Rural N. C.		8,	.3

18.9 34- 9 18.9 17.7 11.5 28,5 I7»9 13.4 10.6 15,4

22,0 8.2 15.5 25.2 14.1 12.0 26.8 32,3 40.7 26.2

Source: Unpublished U. S. Census Data - 1960

A Post-Script on Population Characteristics

The characteristics of the population of Andrews and of the larger areas of which it is a part are inter-related. Hous- ing conditions, for example, cannot be separately studied and considered as an isolated factor in community development. The extent and type of employment, labor skills, educational attain- ment, income levels, housing conditions; each affect, and is affected by, the others. Improvement in any one of these areas will bring about improvement in the others.

-24-

The population profile of Andrews as depicted in the sketches above present a challenge to community leaders. Im- provements have been made in many areas, but, paraphrasing Alice in Wonderland, a community has to run fast just to stay in the same place. Comparisons as to the "quality of living", using such quantitative measurements as are in evidence, show a populace not yet sharing in the general accomplishments of contemporary America.

While not the only determinant affecting the quality of living, the level of economic activity plays a major role in influencing and affecting material well-being. An examina- tion of the economy of the area will therefore be of value in further identifying community problems and setting forth com- munity goals and plans.

•25-

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ECONOMY

The identification of the primary economic activities in an area is helpful in pin-pointing growth problems, and in antici- pating and taking advantage of new opportunities. The primary economic activities — sometimes referred to as the economic "base"- are those activities which account largely for the existence of the community, for its economic and physical characteristics, and their growth or decline will have a marked influence on the dis- tribution of future community income and the resultant number and characteristics of the population.

It is significant that Andrews' economy evidences a slow evolution from its original dependence on the primary industries (agriculture and related industries) to manufacturing and com- merce. To understand better the present day economy in Andrews, it is of value to examine some of the trends taking place in Cherokee County.

Sources of Employment in Cherokee County

The total number employed in the county dropped to 4,170 in 1960 from the peak of 5,027 reached in 1950. Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries accounted by far for the largest number of employed in 1940, rose slightly in 1950, but suffered a severe drop in the ensuing decade. The table below shows the number em- ployed in major sectors during this period. The proportion of employed engaged in agriculture and related industries declined from 43% in 1940 to only 14% in 1960, while manufacturing made a surprising gain (from about 117o to 27%).

-26-

TABLE SHOWS EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY FOR CHEROKEE COUNTY 1940 1950 1960

Agr icul ture , Fores try &

Fishery

Manuf ac tur ing

Mining

Construction

Transportation

Commerce

Personal Services

Professional

Other or not given

TOTAL

1940

1825

7o of Total

43.0

1950

1876

7o of Total

37.3

% of 1960 Total

584

14,0

462	10.	,9	688	13.7	nil	26.6
50	1.	,2	208	4,1	247	5.9
601	14.	,2	329	6.5	315	7,6
155	3.	,6	260	5.2	201	4.8
451	10,	,6	793	15,8	787	18,9
257	6,	.1	317	6.3	261	6,3
358	8,	.4	486	9.7	564	13.5
84	2,	.0	70	1.4	100	2.4
4243	100,	. 07o	5027	100. 07„	4170	100,07o

Comparable data is not available for Valleytown Township prior to 1960, The previous decade, however, was the period in which manufacturing came to employ a substantial number, as noted above. In 1960, manufacturing accounted for about 347> of all gain- fully employed. The great majority (339) were employed in the tex- tile and apparel manufacturing plants.

-27-

The table below shows the summary of employment in major categories in the township in 1960.

VALLEYTOWN TOWNSHIP - EMPLOYMENT DATA

1960

To ta 1 emp loyed			1236
Agriculture, forestry,	f is	hery	151
Manuf ac tur ing			417
Lumber, furniture, etc.			62
Other durables			16
Textiles			TT =;
Apparel
Print ing			4
Mining			8
Construction			108
Transportation			80
Railroad			15
Other transportation			25
Commun ications			40
Commerce			183
Who 1 e sa 1 e			20
All retail			142
Business & repair service		21
Personal Services			88
Private household			65
Other personal, hotel.	en ter ta inment	23
Pro f ess iona 1			137
All educat ion			44
Medical, hospital & oth	ler	prof.	47
Public administration			46
Other or not given			64

Source - Unpublished Census Data

-28-

The heavy dependence on textile manufacturing in the township is accented in noting the proportion of all workers employed in this category as compared with the proportion in the state. North Carolina, heavily committed to textile manu- facturing, saw a significant increase in total worker- during the 19A0-1960 period, 15.9% of all being so employed in 19 60. Valleytown Township's total of 335 amounted to 27.1% of all gainfully employed. Comparable figures are included below for Cherokee County and the state,

NUMBER OF WORKERS EMPLOYED

IN

TEXTILE MANUFACTURING IN THE STATE,

CHEROKEE COUNTY AND VALLEYTOWN TOWNSHIP

	1	940	7o	OF ALL
			WORKERS
State	196	,301		16.3
Cherokee		42		1.0
County
Va 1 ley town		N.A.		__
Twp .

1950

229,489 63

N.A.

% OF ALL WORKERS	1960	% OF ALL WORKERS
15.7 1.3	254,736 512	15.9 12.3

335

27.1

Worker Mobility for Cherokee County

With improvements in our highway systems and increasing use of the automobile, the job seeker no longer is tied down to his place of residence. Dependent on the availability and the attraction of the job, workers are more and more willing to com- mute to and from their source of employment. Likewise, the economies of adjacent areas (be they towns, townships, or coun- ties) are directly related to one another. Workers (and spenders)

-29-

are free to cross political boundaries and a new industry or a construction boom in one town will affect the population and economy of adjacent towns.

The enumeration of sources of employment by industry as reported above considered the job occupations held by the resi- dents of the county. The majority of those employed worked in the county, but a surprising eleven percent (463) found work outside the county. The table below shows the county and the number of Cherokee residents to which commuting occurred.

CHEROKEE COUNTY RESIDENTS GOING OUT OF COUNTY TO WORK IN:

Macon County

Graham

Clay

Union County, Ga .

Fannin County, Ga .

Polk County, Tenn.

Swa in County

Knox County, Tenn.

E 1 sewher e

24
4
26
13
24
205
8
4
155

463

The table on page 31 shows a break-down by township of employment of residents. There is an extreme variation within the county of the percentage of workers by township who have jobs outside the county. The table below shows the total em- ployment by plgce of residence, together with the number and percentage of those who have jobs outside Cherokee County.

-30-

TOTAL NUMBER RESIDENTS WITH X

EMPLOYED JOBS OUTSIDE COMMUTING COUNTY

Beaverdam Towns	;h ip		158	17	10.7
Hot House				228	150	65.8
Murphy			1 ,	,836	78	4.2
Not t la				397	45	11,3
Shoal Creek				315	75	23,8
Va 1 1 ey town			1;	,236	98	7.9
Total Cherok	ee	County	k,	,170	463	11,1

These figures do not reveal (nor are such figures gath- ered) the extent to which residents travel from one township to another within the county to work. In considering the willing- ness of workers to travel from residence to place of work, how- ever, the Employment Security Commission uses a twenty-five mile radius as a rule of thumb measure to locate potential labor force.

Agricul ture

Although the number gainfully employed in agriculture has continued to decline in both the County and Valleytown Town- ship, the sale of farm products has shown a fair increaseo In common with trends throughout North Carolina and the nation, in- creasing use of farm machinery and more efficient soil cultivation methods have resulted in higher yields and more efficient produc- tion.

While the number of farms in the county has declined and average farm size has increased only slightly, the value of farm products has increased substantially in recent years.

-31-

In 1900, the U. S. Census reported 1731 farms in Cherokee County, with an average size of 120.4 acres. This number rose to a high of 2,227 in 1925.

The table below reveals significant trends in recent

years

1944

Number of Farms	2007
Average Size of	66.6
Farms

Average Value Farm $213 Products Sold

Total Value All 427 , 741 Farm Products Sold

All Crops Sold 85,746

1949

1954

64,308 168,534

1959

1940	1638	825
64.9	71.1	96.6
$353	$582	$2063
14,997	930,897	1,654,661

266,618

The large gain made in the value of farm products sold between 1954 and 1959 is due principally to an 82 7o increase in the sale of livestock and livestock products. Poultry and poultry products likewise more than doubled in value in the same period.

CASH VALUE OF SELECTED FARM PRODUCTS SOLD CHEROKEE COUNTY, 1954-1959

1954

All Farm Products Sold

All Crops Sold

Forest Products & Horti- cultural Specialty

All Livestock & Livestock Products

Poultry &. Poultry Products

Dairy Pr oduc t s

Livestock &. Livestock Pro- ducts other than Poultry &c Da iry Pr oduc t s

1959

7o Increase

$930,	,897	1,654,	,661	77.7
168,	,534	266,	,618	58.2
49,	,591	102,	,622	106.9
762,	,363	1 ,388,	,043	82. 1
419,	,619	939,	,381	123.9
178,	,258	132,	,769	25.5
164,	,486	315,	.893	92,0

-32-

Unemployment in the Area

The specter of chronic unemployment and under-emp 1 oymen t has long faced the residents of the southern mountain region. State, federal and regional development programs of many kinds have been designed to stimulate the region's economy and to up- grade the standard of living among the under-developed groups.

With the passage of the Area Redevelopment Act in 1961, the U, S, Congress placed in motion a concerted effort to coor- dinate the work of agencies at the federal level by several methods .

technical assistance in identifying new opportunities

for economic growth;

financial assistance in the form of loans and grants

to provide capital investment in job-producing enter- prises;

job retraining programs for the technologically

unemployed or for those needing new job skills.

Cherokee County was classified in 1961 as a "development" area and thus eligible for federal assistance under this program.

The Accelerated Public Works Act followed in 1962 by which federal loans and grants were made available to govern- ments or governmental agencies which undertook specific needed public works which would offer employment in the development coun t ie s .

A substantial amount of federal assistance has come to the area under these programs. Cherokee County, as of early February 1964, had received the largest amount of any county in Western North Carolina for a variety of projects aimed at providing needed public facilities and improving the unemploy- ment situation.

■ 33-

The government planners have realized that the problem they face is a difficult one and will require a maximum of coop- eration (and coordination) with local leaders, and governments at the local and federal level. It is too soon to begin an evaluation of the long-range impact of these programs on the overall economy. It can readily be seen, however, in the short run that these programs have served to pump new investment and income into the area and to this extent have tended to ameliorate the depressed conditions.

Unemployment in the county ranged from about 10% to 19% of the work force in 1963. (See table below) The efforts of local community leaders in the area, combined with outside assis- tance should be aimed at creating permanent job opportunities for this substantial portion of the population.

UNEMPLOYMENT RATES CHEROKEE COUNTY, 1963

January

February

March

Apr i 1

May

June

July

Augus t

Sep tember

October

November

December

17.9% 19.0% 1 9 . 0%

I 9 . 0%

I I . 8% 13.6% 13,6% 13.6% 10.2%

11

11

14.3%

Source: State Employment Commission

-34-

F

R

E

C

T

S

PROSPECTS FOR THE FUTURE

What prospects hold the greatest potential for the fu- ture development of the economy of Andrews? Others have long recognized the dire consequences of over-dependence on any one segment of the economy and have strived for economic diversifi- cation. Andrews' economy--still at a low level--is character- ized by heavy dependence on industries which primarily employ women. The extent to which enlightened community leadership in Andrews can identify and promote job-producing opportunities will determine the rate and character of future growtho From its early specialization in the extraction and processing of the natural resources in the area, Andrews has achieved some measure of maturity and diversification in its economy, but as reported above, its economy is still at a level too low to pro- vide jobs sufficient in number and wage scales to retain its population and to maintain satisfactory growth.

As evidenced by the establishment of two new industries in the past decade and intensive efforts toward more, community leaders are well aware of the need to bolster the economyo Every community desires to "grow" and Andrews has failed to receive its share of the post-war prosperity evidenced in most of America,

THE NATURE OF "GROWTH"

As the Planning Board--and the community — anticipate and prepare for the future, the question which should be faced is what kind and degree of growth is meant. Town boosters have frequently been prone to cite growth figures in terms of an ever-increasing population as being desirable in itself. Likewise, some have equated the physical growth of a town as

-35-

measured in geographical terms according to the extension of the town 1 im its.

The present planning program will include an analysis of the land comprising the municipality and the surrounding area. It will be shown that comparatively little "growth" has taken place within the town in the recent pa s t-- ind eed , a striking contrast is noted between development outside the town and inside the town. If Andrews is to grow, then, how shoul d it gr ow ?

.... by more intensive utilization of land areas within the town?

.... by continued development of areas outside

the town with extension of the town limits?

.... by stimulation of new, job-producing indus- tries within and outside the town borders?

It is suggested that the type of "growth" toward which all Andrews should subscribe is a growth--or improvement-- in the quality of living for the inhabitants of the area. No one indicator of economic activity will measure this type of growth with preciseness. Overall, however, the quality of living is improved and enhanced when a community can offer its residents:

1. Improvement in economic well-being (as measured in such quantitative terms as per capita income)

This can come about through education and re- training of workers together with job opportuni- ties commensurate with their increased skills.

2. Opportunities to obtain decent housing in protected residential neighborhoods free from debilitating influences.

3. A variety of cultural and social amenities.

With a sound concept of these community goals and an understanding of the growth problems facing Andrews, local community planners can develop plans and policies to meet these goals.

-36-

Future Growth

Over the nation as a whole, the economy has progressed through a series of economic stages sometimes regarded by economists as an evolution from primitive to mature development., This classification often regards industries as falling into one of three sectors, ranging from low income (and productivity) to high income as:

PRIMARY -- Agriculture Forestry Fishery

SECONDARY - Manufacturing Mining Cons true t ion

TERTIARY - Commerce Finance Transportation

This simple classification and definition of economic maturity is marked by many exceptions, of course, since there exist high paying agricultural jobs and low-paying service occupations. The nation has seen, however, overall decreases in the number employed in the Primary Industries concomitant with steady increases in real income and this past decade marked a period where for the first time the number employed in services exceeded all other categories.

Growth & Planning

Andrews' far-sighted civic leaders are presently en- gaged in a number of planning and development efforts on a broad front. Major improvements to the water and sewer sys- tem were overwhelmingly approved by the voters, and these improvements will go far toward meeting future requirements. Another federal-aided project will provide a much-needed com- munity center to serve as a focal point for community life.

-37-

The present comprehensive planning program now underway will give the community the opportunity to examine in detail its present land use problems and policies and to develop meaningful and realistic plans for the future, Andrews must carefully bud- get its resources and a comprehensive series of guidelines, realistically appraised and ranked in order of priority, will help civic and government leaders in their day-to-day decision making. The Land Use Plan to be produced in the current plan- ning program will need careful study as to desirable ways of implementation in addition to the codes and ordinances and po- licy recommendations.. Careful consideration should be given to continuing the planning process as a normal day-to-day func- tion of government. The adequacy of all community facilities should be carefully analyzed and needs anticipated well in advance.. By such study, the community can determine in ad- vance areas of financial responsibility. With the completion of a program of public improvements, coupled with a capital budget projecting major needs six years ahead, the town can determine the order of priority of needed items and realisti- cally budget itself to provide the necessary finances.

Public Housing & Urban Renewal

This report has provided basic information on the ade- quacy of existing housing- The succeeding report on land use will further document the present deficiencies and will make recommendations for the up-grading of existing facilities and the overall improvement in the living environment in residen- tial neighborhoods. A community has many tools to use in im- proving housing conditions. In addition to local action, the federal government, through the Housing and Home Finance Agency, offers a variety of aid programs to those communities which evidence a desire to improve housing conditions and eliminate

• 38-

the causes of slum and blight.

Public housing and urban renewal are perhaps the two best known programs designed to help at the local level. Nei- ther should be considered as a single-purpose "project'' de- signed to take care of one problem <rea. Both can be used as part of the community's overall improvement program to up-grade the quality of living in the community by improving the environ- ment and stimulating economic growth-,

Manufacturing

In the nation overall, manufacturing is no longer ex- panding in employment. Opposite trends have been in evidence in the southeast.

The township and the county have, it is seen, experienced unusual growth in this sector in the past decadeo Indeed, while textile manufacturing in the Unites States declined 2 2% in the 1950-1960 decade, the Andrews township saw an unprecedented ex- pansion with employment amounting to over 300,

In coming years, opportunities will continue to present themselves for new and expanding industries. Many of the so- called "foot-loose" industries are not tied down to a particular area. If Andrews can continue to offer a combination of good trainable labor, ample quantities of water and other municipal services, guaranteed and protected plant sites, it is reasonable to expect the town to obtain its share of new industrial devel- opmen t ,

New Fr on tiers

The rapidly expanding technology of the space age offers new frontiers for growth opportunities. Research and develop- ment, electronics, medical centers, space age technology, pre- sent challenges to regions and communities to become increasingly

-39-

aware of their own combination of resources that will attract and hold such enterprises.

Across the state efforts are underway to capture a larger portion of the consumer's expenditures for food pro- ductso While ranking high in agricultural production, the state (and the region) have barely tapped the potential market in the food processing industry. Technical and finan- cial assistance is offered to interested areas and groups.

The Growing Tourist Market

Andrews and Cherokee County, blessed with scenic mountains, rivers, lakes, historical lore and abounding in recreational opportunities, have been long handicapped by an inadequate highway system. The market for tourism is growing, as documented by recent reports on the Western North Carolina region. Projections of tourist visitations and expenditures present a promising opportunity for areas to prepare for the increasingly sophisticated wants of the modern day traveller. Many areas have discovered that the income generated from the tourist income represents a greater potential for development than reliance upon new industrial payrolls.

-40-

A

P

P

E

N

D

1

I

APPENDIX

The material included in this Appendix is intended as supplementary to the Population and Economy report. Much of the statistical information collected by governmental agencies, including the U« S. Census, is provided on a county or township basis. The report attempted to stress the inter-relationships between adjacent areas and larger political units, A great deal of the information for these larger areas will, therefore, be of interest or value in better understanding the economy of Andrews .

Following is a listing of the material contained in the Append ix .

A. Population Losses in Cherokee County

B. Population Projections, Cherokee County, 1970-1980

C. Age Composition of the Population of Cherokee County, 1960

D. Age Composition of the Population of Valleytown Township, 1960

E. Age Composition of the Population of Town of Andrews

F. Trends in Retail Trade, Cherokee County, 1939-1958

G. Trends in Wholesale Trade, Cherokee County, 1939-1958

H, Ratio of Male to Female Residents, Cherokee County, I960

I. Distribution of Family Income by Townships and County, 1959

J, Distribution of Family Income, State of N. C. 1959

K. Income Measures, Townships & County, 1959

L. Employment by Industry for Cherokee County and Minor Civil Divisions

-41-

APPENDIX A

Population Losses in Cherokee County

While not available by township or town, the informa- tion revealed by the U, S. Census concerning the population loses incurred from 1940-1960 in the county are of interest since out-migration has and is occurring in Andrews on a sma ller scale^

The following table shows the excess of births over deaths and the net migration for the two decades.

CHEROKEE COUNTY 19^0-1950 1950-1960

Excess of births over deaths 4,069 2,247

Net Migration -4,588 -4,206

A total of 8,794 persons have migrated out of Cherokee County during this period. The natural increase in population- if there had been no in or out-migration-would have seen a rise from 1940 to a 1950 population of 22,882 and a 1960 population of 25, 129.

-42-

APPENDIX B

Population Projections

It is hazardous to attempt an estimate of the population of a small area over a long-range period- The present popula- tion of Andrews is the result of a number of past influences, some of which could not possibly have been predicted. This report has attempted to analyze existing trends in the economy and in the population. While certain long-range trends have been observed (for example, the decline in agricultural pur- suits) other factors which have contributed to Andrews' present economy (the addition of two manufacturing plants in the past decade, for example) present no basic trend which could be ex- trapolated into the future.

Population projections for large areas (such as the nation as a whole) can be made with a reasonable degree of accuracy over fairly short periods of time. Similarly, area, county, or town projections could be derived by assuming that each smaller area would exhibit the same growth trends as the larger area of which it is a part. This type of projection has been used by the Division of Community Planning of the Department of Conservation and Development. Assuming that the past provides a strong clue to the future, such a projec- tion yields the following for Cherokee County.

■ 43-

Appendix B Continued CHEROKEE COUNTY &. MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS-POPULATION PROJECTIONS

Beaverdam Twp. Hot House Twp . Murphy Twp „ Nottla Twp„ Shoal Creek Twp, Valleytown Twp.

Cherokee County

1950

1960

1970

18,294 16,335 14,247

1980

1 :	,145		:798		541	345
1,	,097		913		7 41	579
7 ,	,353	6^	,626	5,	,770	4,956
1:	,736	1;	,535	1,	,311	1, 110
2,	,036	1,	,596	1.	,225	925
4,	,927	4,	,867	4,	,659	4,414

12,329

Andrews Town 1,397 1,404 1,929 1,872

Rest of Valleytown 3,530 3,463 2,730 2,542

Tabulated and compiled by Research Special Project Section-DCP Source-1950 and 1960 U, S, Census

Using another approach to the problem of economic de- velopment and opportunity, the regional study conducted by Hammer and Company Associates* pointed out that a reversal of past trends with accelerated development efforts could result in significant increases in employment and population over the coming decades. Based on this reasoning, their projections, for Cherokee County show an upturn in population during the 1960's, climbing to 17,000 in 1970 and to 18,000 in 1980.

* THE ECONOMY OF WESTERN NORTH CAROLINA, Hammer and Company Associates, Atlanta, Georgia (1961)

-44-

Their report pointed out that these projections are made on the basis of reasonable assumptions concerning what might occur in the area under the impact of both internal and external forces of change c

-45-

APPENDIX C AGE COMPOSITION OF THE POPULATION, CHEROKEE COUNTY

Age	WHITE		WHITE		NONWHITE		NONWHITE
GROUPS	MALE	%	FEMALE	Q. 0	MALE	%	FEMALE	%
0-4	786	9,9	756	9.5	19	9.9	20	10,4
5-9	826	10.4	803	10,0	16	8,3	21	10.9
10-14	990	12,5	930	11.5	19	9,9	24	12,5
15-19	814	10,2	765	9,6	22	11,4	12	6.3
20-24	426	5.4	43 5	5.4	12	6,3	12	6.3
25-29	377	4,7	403	5.0	13	6.8	7	3.6
30-34	440	5.5	485	6,1	12	6.3	10	5.2
35-39	452	5.7	511	6.4	18	9,4	13	6.8
40-44	479	6.0	498	6.2	9	4.7	16	8.3
45-49	456	5,7	458	5.7	11	5.7	12	6.3
50-54	430	5.4	450	5.6	14	7.3	9	4,7
55-59	351	4.4	374	4.7	6	3,1	14	7.3
60-64	294	3.7	301	3.8	5	2.6	7	3.6
65+	826	10,4	835	10.4	16	8.3	15	7,8
TOTAL	7,947		8,004		192		192

Compiled by Research - Special Projects Section - DCP

-46-

APPENDIX D

AGE COMPOSITION OF THE POPULATION OF VALLEY TOWN TOWNSHIP = 1960

AGE GROUP	WHITE MALE	^ OF TOT AL-	WHITE FEMALE	OF TOTAL	NONWHITE MALE	— T— OF TOTAL	NONWHITE FEMALE	OF TOTAL
0-4	247	IO, 4	211	8,7	2	8,0	5	12.8
5-9	242	10.2	234	9,7	3	12.0	5	12,8
10-lU	309	13,0	259	10,7	3	12,0	6	15,4
15-19	229	9.6	230	9,5	1	4,0	1	2,6
20-24	128	5,4	129	5,3	2	8,0	1	2,6
25-29	110	4o6	139	5,8	3	12,0	1	2,6
30-34	131	5.5	148	6,1	—	—	2	5,1
35-39	126	5,3	155	6,8	3	12,0	1	2,6
40-44	12 5	5,2	145	6,0	1	4,0	—	—
45-49	130	5,5	13 8	5,7	2	8,0	2	5,1
50-54	137	5,7	128	5,3	1	4,0	4	10.2
55-59	95	4,0	102	4.2	2	8.0	4	10,2
60-64	94	3,9	97	4.0	1	4,0	4	10.2
65+	280	11,7	295	12,2	1	4,0	3	7.7
TOTAL	2383	100,0	2420	100,0	25	100,0	39	100,0

Compiled by Research - Special Projects Section DCP Sources 1960 U„S, Census

-47-

APPENDIX E

AGE COMPOSITION OF THE POPULATION OF TOWN OF ANDREWS - 1960

AGE GROUP	MALE	OF TOTAL	FEMALE	1— OF TOTAL	TOTAL	OF TOTAL
0-U	69	10.2	67	9,2	136	9,7
5-lU	139	20,5	127	17,5	266	18.9
15-24	104	15.3	91	12,6	195	13.9
25~3U	76	11,2	87	12.0	163	llo6
35-1+1+	73	10 c 7	102	14.1	175	12.5
45-54	84	12,4	80	11.0	164	11.7
55-64	53	7,8	63	8.7	116	8.3
65 +	81	11,9	108	14,9	189	13 0 4

TOTAL

679 100„0 725 100.0 Nonwhite Population -- 5

1404 100.0

Compiled by Research - Special Projects 5.ection DCP Source: 1960 U.S. Census

-48-

APPENDIX F TRENDS IN RETAIL TRADE FOR CHEROKEE COUNTY

1939 1948 Increase 195H Increase 1958 Increase

Number of

Establishments 167 199

Annual Payroll

(in $1,000) 114 398

Retail Sales

(in $1,000) 1580 6398

Number of Employees

178 291

+19o2 173 »13„1 185 +6o9

+249„1 656 t67.3 718 +7,8

+280,8 10093 +57.8 10413 +3.2

+63,5 365 +25„8 328

-10.4

-49-

APPENDIX G

TRENDS IN WHOLESALE TRADE FOR CHEROKEE COUNTY

1939 1948 Increase 1954 Increase 1958 Increase

Number of

Establishments 11 12 +9,1 17 +41,7 20 +17 „6

Annual Payroll

(in $1,000) 40 259 +547,5 176 -32.0 211 +19.9

Wholesale Sales

(in $1,000) 1404 5224 +272,1 6186 +18,4 5874 - 5,0

Number of

Employees 35 121 +245,7 70 -42,1 110 +57,1

50-

APPENDIX H RATIO OF MALE TO FEMALE RESIDENTS IN CHEROKEE COUNTY - 1960

							NON-	NON-
AGE	TOTAL	TOTAL		WHITE	WHITE		WHITE	WHITE
GROUP	MALES	FEMALES	RATIO	MALES	FEMALES	RATIO	MALES	FEMALES	RATIO
0-U	805	776	103o7	786	756	104.0	19	20	95.0
5-9	842	824	102,2	826	803	102,9	15	21	76.2
lO-lU	1009	954	105,8	990	930	105,5	19	24	79,2
15-19	836	777	107.6	814	765	106.4	22	12	183.3
20-2U	438	447	98,0	425	43 5	97.9	12	12	100,0
25-29	390	410	95,1	377	403	93.5	13	7	185.7
30-34	452	495	91,3	440	485	90.7	12	10	120,0
35-39	470	524	89.7	452	511	88,5	18	13	138,5
40-U4	488	514	94.9	479	498	96,2	9	16	56.3
1+5-49	467	470	99 „ 4	456	458	99,6	11	12	91,7
50-54	444	459	96.7	430	450	95,6	14	9	155.6
55-59	357	388	92,0	351	374	93,9	6	14	42,9
50-64	299	308	97.1	294	301	97,7	5	7	71,4
65 +	842	850	99.1	826	835	98.9	15	15	106,7
TOTAL	8139	8196	99,3	7947	8004	99.3	192	192	100.0

Compiled by Research - Special Projects Section DCP

-51-

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-52-

APPENDIX J

DISTRIBUTION OF FAMILY INCOME,

STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA

INCOME

INCOME

TOTAL 100,0

Under $1,000 11.6

$1,000 - $1,999 12,3

$2,000 - $2,999 13,2

$3,000 - $3,999 13.4

$4,000 - $4,999 11.8

$5,000 - $5,999 10.3

$6,000 - $6,999 8.0

$7,000 - $7,999 5,7

$8,000 - $8,999 4.1

$9,000 " $9,999 2.5

$10,000 - $14,999 4.7

$15,000 - $24,999 1,5

$25,000 & Over 0,7

$1,091,656

126,803

134,365

144,411

146,748

129,241

112,765

87,065

62,291

44,330

27,78 5

51,175

16,715

7,962

MEDIAN INCOME

3,956

-53-

APPENDIX K

INCOME MEASURES FOR CHEROKEE COUNTY AND TOWNSHIP RESIDENTS - 1959

Percent Distribution of Families by Income

	Per Capita	Family	Income	Under $3,000	$3,000- 7.999	$8,000
TOWNSHIP	Mean	Median	6 Over
County Total	$803	$3,230	$2,395	59,2%	34.2%	5,6%
Beaverdam Twp,	$545	$2,211	$1,773	78.9%	19.1%	2.0%
Hot House Twp,	$827	$3,172	$3,048	49,4%	47.2%	3,4%
Murphy Twp,	$937	$3,743	$2,511	57,3%	33.2%	9.5%
Not t la Twp,	$595	$2,175	$1,479	71,7%	25,4%	2,9%
Shoal Creek Twp,	$505	$2,403	$1,856	66,2%	30.8%	3,0%
Valley Town Twp,	$822	$3,297	$2,679	54,3%	39,4%	6.3%

Compiled by Research - Special Projects Section DCP Sources Unpublished Census Data

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