The Critical review, or, Annals of literature

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CRITICAL, review;

o«.

tlUUMfi

Of

LITERATURE.

• • • • miiiu^}^ ptKx

Sora. Tbacuiv.

SERIES THE FIFTH.

VOL. II.

ftonlyon:

PRINTED FOR THE PROPRIETORS,

AT THE OFnCE OF JOHN CROFT,
8, lUd Utm Sfvan.

PUBLISHED BY W. SIMPKIN AND R. MARSHALL,

(SUCCIUOM TO CBMBT AMD Co.)

Jtotipnm' 9vut, Xtri»t«tc Ibtmt;

AND MAT MB HAD OF B7BBT OTHBR BOOKtBIXU.

1815.

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^NDEX

<iy>TitB

Authors" Names W TMes 4^ Books . reviewed ; to the remarkMe
P0M$agmof^Criiieisnti^umdM the J^acts from d^gfermt Puhtiek--
tions. .'- • I ' . • ; . .

AHOLmON of1(feiiiaIe mf^ti-'

Account uTtbelatc ^Ir. wmtbreadf '
Americao literaturie annoupcfd. .

frigat^, constructioii of

castle buildtnt;. '. . . /.' . .

POC^T •••' .••••,

Americans) their causes' for war
Amusementft foryoim^; fiind^ .f
Alicia cle Lacy, \an liifitor{ca| ro-,

mance ^^^\•

Amurath, Prince of Perfiiaj j^n

Arabian tale ^. . ,. .'/

Anatomy and physiology of |he

t)raili . . - ■ , , .,. . . . , - ..! , .

Answer to ttte spe^-hes on tl^e

Catholic question in die House

of Commons ,^. . 1^6^^

Aht-eaier of Sojutl^ An^erifa, ....

A|)paritions. .'..',

Arch, triumphalyin Paris y . . ^ . .
Arsenic, its nature and effects . .
Articles of war, fhcifr «evefity. , . .

Acts, mechanical', scale bt

Auberry Stanhope, Of iltieqfioirs of

an author. . . . . ^ '.....,..,

Bankers, an /nstifutioto, f|ir ^helr
safety ......'.... .I^.^^

Helium traveller, the ... .^. .... .,

Belshain, Thomas, letters to him
on his Calm EiHjuiiT . , ......

Berwick^ Pey. Edw^rd^ tys jives
of 'C4ius Asiiiius PoUio^ Mlu'cus^
Tcrentus , Varrvt ?ufl ."^iieins'
Cumeiiils tSatlus ......'. 77/

fiethlem hospital,' ue'w,' descrip-
tion of ... , .". \

Bioscope, ur dial of life'

Birds, remarkable itx Soiith Ame-
rica ,.; "\Lf

Bhimenhach% Institutes of Phy;

siology.. ..'.......; ..'..'

BooK-keepiutc, a new course Qr^

by P, Thi^j-e^u . . .. . .^,, ., . . '../

Bowerbaiik, Lieut. John, journal

of ,..

MK)'

,j:4

;.j4

.57
KM

204

147
471

':4i

PA'J

Ul

.^53

^rid^e of 'Jeim, preserved by Wcl

liQI^ton. ^.,....^. 516

He

Brid.^es built hj Bonapi^rte, ux

Paris

1^

Brown, t)»r. his practise in fever, 11
Brown, I. B.JiIflLenq^icy into the .

jurisdiction of^thc crown ...... 35

Butterflies^ astonishing;: ^izq q^ in

.South America .^ . , . , . 385

BuU of Pop^ Pius VU. , 44

Byron, Lord, nis Hebrew melo-
dies ...p.... W

Calvert's reflections on fever . • . .. 1

Caroline ResusLi|e^ .' » 5^8

Carpe Diem , oir vie tri^, pp^^iy ^

Europe. ♦ , '. . ^ . 1. ... ,1. .^. « . • . 408

Caroline Llsmore^ a talf! ,\,. 4^

Catania, description of. .... ^ ... • 444
Cavern iif Astpjpho, a romance. . 327
C^y'*8 new I trnerai*y '.«,..••.... i 06

Case ofNapoleoh 305

C^tair*8 J. his tacby^riyph^, or

flyii^ pi^ SOJ

,. .^. . . . , .BUS lectures oil the art of

'writing ,i..^... i)n4

'Catholic prif^i» cauuot be gll«^'<<

^ diau to any' child ... , n« > ^

Cjlatholic layman, cauuot be gufu*- ;

diau to a pfoteitaf^t child .... ibid

Church in danger ...,.., V. • 1 29

Chili, ladieA ^f .'v-»> ^•••« ^

Chrifiti^nm^jup,.!,.^..,^ 434

Ciceronis de officiis ...,,*....,« 434

Cicero, his last inoinents 97

Cqckbun^y ^fx\. hia travels ,44A

, ,^ his voyt^c to ^- {

. *,di|[,/fcc. . .,.!.• J . .. ibip

Cormack*^. account of the ^bo)^- , i

(ioDL of ffjma^i inf an^cidf . . . ^ . .3^

,Cooper, ■ W. Poems by ^., ...... 99

Cdapman, W* Esq.. civ il et^fueer ,^ «

on the fou^ries.'. ; ...,,.*,.♦,<.. I p
Common's Report on Mad-houjie3 469
Corrosive , 8u])Iiu^ate^ it» unsure \

. ^d enect^ .......,.;.., ^, 50|^

Cossacic, thc» a jjfpevB^ . .^ .3i^

CcHintry tiirl, a comedy ....••«. .53tf

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Iv

INDEX.

Crater of mount Etna described 447^
Crown, JuriBdictam of, enquiry

into 35

Cuckold, a non descript filjl, ib) ;

South America .:,., *28t

Cumberlaud, the present Duke of,

his military services 873

Darwin, Dr. his theory on fever 12
Dealtry'sSemons*.......'..'.'... 890

Death, symptoms qf, ..... .^ .. .. 318

Discontented ftfan, the, a novel. . 430
Dai^hters not reared in parts of

Hmdi^taun 33

Denunciation au Roi, &c. .:.... IBS
iMsplapr, a tale for yqun^ people 215
Dunatist schism, siittntiary of. . . . 4a
Decastro, Juhn^ mid his bjrother .

Bat, history of ....:. 54

Domestic poultry,* pigeons,' and *

rabbito, treatise on &5S

Drtigfoeda, Marquis of, his mili-
tary services : 373

'Duel, the, a satiriiral pdem '. '^X3

Ecclesiastical jurisdiction' of the
, crown, ent|uiry'into 35

1£milT, the couvers|iti'6ns of ^ . . . tl$

English soldiers in Paris 512

Ensor, George, Esq. his' observa-
tions on the present state. of
Ireland :

on Catholic

emandpatiun^ .......... ... ; . .

'. .' restiifation

of violated Hghts ...:.-.

'• . . 4 : continued. .

;: concluded ..

Enamelling, the art of

Enthusiast, d^cri^tion of . . . : . .

fiiutaph, by C'ooptr ......'.,:. j '.

EsquimeaaK, accouut of . . : . .\ . .

; ; their kitcfiens, and

dimier parties. .. .\v. i ...'... ..

Etna, father, and his r hiWren . .

jCxercises in Latin ']f>V6'so4y and

. ,^ersiflcation , . . . . ':'}:. ^ , . r • • •

• ^ . . . . • / ' I ■ , "■'■• t '

Tacts ,and evidence dn'bapti^m
Fashiim, ' errors of ......;;:;..

Father, a> as heshould'be, anMc^'
Fellows's Paris, in July, 1813! .. .
Feiurin^, Elixabct^V b(^;^;^stcri-

Fever,- Tanous appehraulces bf. .
'JTieldof Waterloo, a pocrii, by W.

Scott ..v.....'..

Flower ftrt iuCntafDia, iiftc of, . ...
Formft pauperis, eiiqufr>' ftitb. . . .
Poster, Tbos. hli^^^stiv.mi cra-

uiokigy. .... ... . . . .'.' . ; . . . . r.'.

16
136

ibid
256
374
251
'4^

!?g

120
44^

424
42.9
104

508

540

V^

45t
451

Poucb^, traits of hb charaeter . .
Fragments of the study of man. .
Frank, A. H. hu guide to the

Uoly^criptures

..:...,' biographical notice of . .
Friends, bmgraphicalnoiiocs of. .
France and England, or scenes in

both

816

8.9

90

54«l

431
French soldiery, disbanded, their

wretched stiatk ......;. 198

Fnrieiv Mr.. bis report of the case.

of Rob. Sberson, Esq 107

Gamble, J. Esq. author <)f. How-
ard, a tale' ....'......' : . , 171

Gall And Spttcsheitn*s Craniology 155

Ceugraphy, gramndar oT, by the
Rev. J. Goldsmith. . . 1 538

Gilchrist, John, his Scottish biQ*

545

252
206

Glkss, cokwred, used by th^ Ro-
mans ,

Greek eieririaes, on an improved

plan, by the Rev. J. Picquot . .

G6ldeU Glove, a comedy, in 5 acts,

. b^ John Lake

GraHiMaiical figures 425

Gray, Lieut, his pbedra and songs 32^
Gi*iide to the Holy ScriptUres,"by
, A. p. Frank, A.M. 89

TfEARt, the a^tifi;^ of ,3V^

Hervey, JVtne, her memoirs of an

author' .'...".... 104

Historicflil Catechism of the Scrip- '

tures. . ,....:.,.....:........ 425

History and fictidn dissimilar in

novels ,..'.. :....li ;.... 103

History of little Dsv/s new hat. . 4^
tilppociVteS', ' his judicious pi^c-

tise , 8

Hofilaiid, Mrs. her father as be

• AhOtildbe. 104

Tlblland's essa^: on history 220

Hopit^ 'dcs iuvalidcs described 5lt

H6tel \n CatAuia depcribid 45^

HorwtK>d„Miss','her aaius<^enyi

foi* yopuj^ ininds jt29

Hpwarii; {y J'obn' Gani'yie, Esq. 170
HiJinthlg, ignoble and cowardly at

Nailes. v.... ...... *....: 456

H^ntfy Lydia, fM. American

ipoHess.

lNTitE|ilJ5XT to early piety 323

.IndeV-io'niedic'al papehi' 42&

Itidian chleftaiuTs l^reat aftection ..

. for his das^ter. . ! 33

Itilafiticide practisnlin Hind^Btan 3^
..,..'.,■....' bripin of this horrid
^tiAtiim 33

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I af rhMiaiiiiiiiii

m;m«v ^i6,ia6»5M

o|]^«ctioiis to Tyi^bm

bk 90

mmmuHtfci the dewy

».. «l

Irish Bishops, thdr anxiety for

wealth M

Irishman, degraded by aa Ame-

ricaa 499

Jaqucs's tnmshtfinn of Fiaok's

readiDgof the scriptures 181

Jcnninfs's scriptiue testimony. . 319
Jefemy, Heniy, Esq. his law of
caifisfa.*. •. .•••«•••.•..••.«
Jonathan, a cowvartsd £squi<

meaaix, aeoouat of 115

Jonmalof a veyageon the Coast

ofLabfador 114

American, to Iks RMalic

Ocean. 483

iEeptonboar4theBalle-

:. •.. iA9

INDBX.

319

S09

Kino of Na|to, hu imhocile

Knach, Geoif)s» his missimiaiy
Voyage in. iiahrHlor :•. 114

KohUneister, B. his nilssionasy
Yoy^ ip Uibrador ........: v 114

L4T1N Primary ky Joseph Gay,

Jiw 907

iAke'8GoUsnGhi«e,aGumcdy.. 101
Law uf Canievt, Innkeepers,

Warehouacasent ftc^..«.... 909
.... out uf the reach of the peer 4V5
Lectures on the art of letter*

wrttmg...w ^ 90T

Letter to the Bishop of St. David's 94

LeCrid'unKan^is 919

LincQhi, Bishop of, letter to him i
on his attack on the KUe So*
-•J.

r

9^

lives uf Cains Asinine •FslMo,
Martvft Tesenlins VaMo, and
Cneaus Cornelius •CWhut. 77*^^394

Lord of the Isles, a poem, by
Walter Seott M

Lothian, Marquis of, hb military
senrices.k' j i... 374

Los-ers! Vows : e.pli? by Kntzehoe 4lS

Lonaties, fimir genera of 4M

Maoic of Wealth. By T4S.4iarr 48

Madhnnsea,repilrtsof....s 483

M8intenauiae,' m law, defhntien
of ............. j.^..*.fc..:... 478

Maitlaud, ibe liun. general, his

mUitaiy services. ..• 873

Maut, Alicia Catherine, her Ca-
roline Lisniore 499

Man,hiseoavBeoflllf.«...
Mairiag* hya Catholic priest of
a protestant and a ca^
thooc, formerly death. . 38

newanenalgrofj^500INtf,

Martin's Gideof the Mecfaaaieal

wigXs.,,,, 948

Marshiii's tneiitlse by St. Cyprian 391
Meadows, a treatise on watering 33 1
Medicine Chest, companion to. . 90i
Memoirs of Mungo Park, to Lord

Cam<len 977

Medical Papers, index to 495

Meen, Rev. U.<— his Succisive

Opera. 98

Messina, description of. 443

Mkldle ages of life, dlssertatton

upon 943

Mineralogy and Geology, aaont-

liiie of 330

Mkichln's righu of the poor. ... 473
Missionary Sermons preached in

London, May I81S.. 98

Society— iu humanity

and religion 97

A Poem, by W. L.

Bowles 19S

Moore Hannah, hersnemdDra-

wTas 904

her essay on the .

characterof St. Paul 989

Mouse, a philosophic one ltd

Moral Plec«s, in prose and verse 544
Mysterisingnem, organ of 158

Naval Monitor 439

Napolean's lt^shts,vkidicated. . . . 80S|
National SchMls, a sermon in be-
half of. 498

Newcastle, hanu respeoting the

CoUieries 918

No Veto: Restonttkm of vwlated

righu 374

Nosology, from the Lathi of Dr.
GuUeu 909

OiaBEVANT ptriestrian moonted 397
Old Crab, a singular character. . 57
Opera Dmieers, their extrava-
gance and ingratitnde 179

OrMa's System^of To&icology 500

Organs of the head, accorwng to

Gall and Hpursheim*8 system. . 159
OmauMnU discovered, a story. . 58i

Orangemen in Ireland,

of 95

Oiman, a Turkish Tale 910

OnUiueofMiiierakigyandQeotogy 330
Outlines of the system of Dr. Qnll

and Spunheim 331

Padrbbs, busy priesU ui South
America ..#.... 984

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Fair^d-»wit M«l»iM4, B 'WHuk, by
Mr^ Ro«8 216

Miibwl 456

PBrUMi4«Uy 10t& SOS

nml, St. bis holy labours 390

Nffk» Miiiisi>>bts MBeMin^ ihmk

sinul»Afti«a AM

Vflpn's BMMoav«> or dwl of Atte

ff^tiMed. ...<.. dM

W^swt of Lucerne - 3D9

rcac^ BiU» fcr iraiaudi ob«eriifa-

tioAsoa ...;...« 38

iitoce Offeric^« a sermoD 634

.]Pb|'siu]o^« . i«fiti*«ilC9 of.....*.. ai3
Pliilli|^«<Wjii. his Aiiicvalogy end

-feolog}' 330

Philua«^)iie Mouse itO

Chillipart, J.obs, his loilitary cft* '

tender .*.... 509

Physiagnamical Syttem, by JJm.

. <iaU aikd SfnirzUeioa 331

Pictui« of Paris ^ 105

picture of Paris, iimv 915

Pin MaiUlftKrIories doAcrlbcd. . . . 245
Naibters, Amoricaa, aai«ah their

femftle: slavw* i.i .40S

9Q|Mi, bow considentd by Irish

CaAkfalwaw 267

FMtival History cif Eiiglaad. . . . S09
JVMihs aud Song's, bpr Chas Grey,

' ^LiautoDant of Marines .... 330

IMras aud EaAaotioBs, by a;

young lady. 426

f^enis,. by Thomas Biarby, )un, /
Porter, the American captain'iB /

cruise 488

l^prto Praya, description of.... 485
Portugese, anpfly the Aiaciicaiis t&ttf

l>'#9t-(>f]&ce, losses in 550

PrinS«l>aiii«l,bi8.iici!vous system 364

Pwr, rights of 473

Prejudice^ iivputtd to the French,

. fc^ .ao American * 489

prince, a rare one 108

^..... a (wtak. aae....:i.« *4i5

^aalins and Ujfmaa 54f?

PubiiMHions, list of .... i 10, 833, 489
r

RE7<Hrr of tbc debate and prooeeiU
r. iug$ of Robert Sherson, £aci. ... JIOT
IbestQradaoQ of violated rights, h(y •

George Ensjr, Escf 130

lJtokeby>a poem, by Walter Scott,

' (ttrictures on '60

KotiiaBof» history of the bouse of 54tl
RoUvAtrs.'hersaccBdckatolMs... S18

^-ACRED Dramas, by Hannah i

Motea^.^a ^... ^99\

fhenA Sketdiifa.'

histaryJ. . .4*.. «•-•••• »i. .•u.*\ .- MS
SomMi BudUuUt takM, larf Kngy 545
Scriptures, a4Klp tatbei.^idy.of .331
Scutt Walter, bis Land of the

IMt&^M^fimm .58

Field of.Watwloo,

ft |Mem

Scott John, his visit to Pftris. .... t^

;. Ms«booda«f NapolMa I4R

SeHnons, preached befoce IhS'

•tfiteionary. Asdietv. . >94

By W. Deal%^ B/IK

J?iK.B^ *..... a»

b^ the tKeur', «.4 & Ste^' -

vens,B.A 4^

liy tthe H0V. J. Rudge,

M.iA. Ejft.6iu 584

byithalUv. W.A.Afltt*

strong»Ai)B».P»AJ«. .. S9»

briteuielAiattiiaR^MA. .5S5

..- by the Kcv.fi. WHiite,

^A. ML..ivai-.ls;J.... 536
Shaw^L. O.. .hi& .satirical poena 413
Shannon and Chesapeake, battle

between i . « . ii\f.4. . <v . .:t483

%lfc Manufactory in CataMia, ao* ■ •

CO lint • of I ......... . 4«e

Silk Worms, great aisAwf iniSouth

AniQnsa ........ < ..^^....v. * , j*"99^

Sabieski, King of iPiAaid, ««!- •

mer*s life of 225, 338

Statutes, jpenfa, 4gaiast*Gaiihcli0s. 4aSI
Stage, essay on, by Dr. Styles.. 534
St. llelenai, viAw.of a,! «... w ^^ . .• 30S^
Slavery ^ •tha-lUnifeed States of

America,, desoribed « . • — .'i 49S
S<mueta, Metrical tales, by Mra.

Bryan*. t.w...^,.<,c4.c......;. '519

9tepato Sense, verses, for scbMls 906
Snow, -a Msbnp^ wwiotke ia 'tbfr

• produce of ,....'..«.».. 450

Sothcfey, Us OcOTgies^of Vlfgil;{. «^
Spirit'of theBHtish.missi«a. ...«.• 549
Scevena, theRev. B.fi. Bridges,

his HfthoAdu .' i.i.., AH

Surr, YvSwhia Inagiojof viiealtb.T. *'48
S«:.Joli|i, OalieMl» kis mllkaiy'

set-vines «.«..-..*• vi .«. <1IT4

Sydenham, his opinion en f^ver.*. *'IA

•i -j" ' .t
T^CHYGRARffY, or the flying pen 907
Valenty: JufanrlScotf fridelinkioli of* l«$
Ta^'lor Joseph, bis Apparitiaos. .' 909
Taylor Jane, her display, a tale

for yeuifg ipei^le.'; ....'/.,•... *M
Thomas, William, nfi^qj «a the '

CoUwriestv...... u... d}»

TTlareau's new course of book*

keeping*. t ...i.i...;. . 43t

Tlpeei attacked by > North Amew •

rican«^. .k.l..>..yva.'. . k.;... -4^

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INDEX.

▼u

TortsN^ most criMl in the castle

of Magvieburp 14

ToncoloKy, system of 500

Treatise % St. Cyprian 331

IVibutes uf the pi^lic press to the

memory of Mr. Wbitbread.... 109
Troncfaet, Lonia— his picture of

Paris 105

Take, Henry, his notices of the

society of frienils 54d

Tyro's Guide 553

Tytbes, impolitic and oppressive 30

Unbeneficed Clergy, their hard-
ships 31

Unitarianism of Priestly> failed
in America 357

Vnitas Fratrem, a religious sect
of diristians 114

Utility, or sketches of domestic
education 333

Valpariso, description of 489

Verdigris, its nature and effects. . 507
View of the nervous system. . . . 384
Virgil, Georgics of, by Sotheby. . 394
Visit to Paris, by John Scott. ... 133
Varro the Roman author, his life

and voluminous works 154

Voyage to Cadiz and Gibraltar,

y,andMaita 441

Waggons, experiments iqpon. .. • 351

Warburton, the Madhouse-keeper,
questions to 467

Watkins, John, LJj.D. his case of •
Elizabeth Fenniug 540

War with America 363

Wellingtoo's triumph, by W. T.
Fitzffereld, Esq 544

West, Mrs. objections to her his-
torical novels 103

Whitbread, tlie late Mr. authen-
tic account of • 109

Whitehaven Dispensary, annual
report of. 435

Williams's Hints on moral and
religious improvement 33&

Wilson, Captain James, his enter-
prizes and sufferings 430

Works in the press .... 333, 434, 553

WnucaU, Sir N. W.Bart, hU an-
swer to reviewers 330

Wright, William, hii letters to the
Rev. T. fielsham 304

Yates, Hichard, his church in
danger 139

Zbloca, or educated and unedu-
cated women 338

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The present Editcr, no less sensible qfthe arduous station in
wluch he has been placed by the confidence of the Propribtors,
than of the respected abilities he succeeds, deems it necessary to
promise his strenuous efforts to ensure to the Critical Rbvibw
the continued favour of the Public: and, since the most zealous
exertions are valuable only as they minister to the general
G00D9 he at the same time pledges himself to the promotion of
principles honourable to the hearts of Ef^Ushmen'-^rinciples
forming the best basis qf their throne, and the sole security qf
their freedom* ^

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THE

CRITICAL. REVIEW.

VojL. II.] JULY, 1815- . [No. I.

• ■■ ■- - ' '

-ArI". I. — Rejfections on Fever ; intended to point out the Prindplei
upon nhicfi a systematic and useful Method of Treatment miffht be
established. By Robert Calvert, M.D. of the College ofPhy-^
skkmSf London, Physician to the Forces; 8sc, Sfc. Svo. Pp. 84.
Callow. 1815.

OuE author dedicates this essay to the medical officers of the
British army. He professes to give an outline of the prindples
upon which he thinks a system might be formed for the treat-*
meat of febrile diseases. In the performance of Ids task, how*
ever, he says he laboured under various disadvantages, amongst
which it does not seem one of the least to have committed his
thoughts to the press without the assistance of a library.

There are subjects on which a writer of genius may be al*
lowed) without reproach, to exercise his talents with fanciful
representations ; but questions of interest, which involve the
welfare of the community, ought to be discussed with suitable
gravity and deeper consideration ; and we cannot help thinking
that our author has betrayed his judgment in presuming to
ameliorate the present system and settle anew theory of treat*
ii^ a <£sease in an essay of eighty-four pages ; a disease, the
study of which has engaged the attention of a succession of illus*
trious writers for a series of two thousand five hundred years^
without conducting them to any sound curative process. The
questbn of febrile diseases viewed in any light, ought to be
considered as one of the most important in the science of No-
sology.

It is probable, there never was a human subject, who had
lived to the age of seven years, who at any period of the world,
in any climate, had not experienced some degree of febrile
affection* -

Fevers, in one of the most popular Treatises of Nosology,
are chluracterized under the pyrexial class of diseases by the
following diagnostic symptoms — ^^ Prsegressis languore, lassi-
tudine et aliis debilitatis signis,. pyrexia sine morbo local! pri-
mario."

CaiT. Rbv. Vol. II. July, 1815. A

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2 Cahert'g R^lections en Fever.

The orders of fevers seem to be divided by common consent
into quotidian, tertian, and quartan intermittents | the synocha,
typhus mitior, typhus gravior, synochus, febrb rcmittens, and
febris hectica. We do not think it necessary on this occasion
to describe th^ distinguishing signs of this vanety of fevers ; but
as we shall make a few general reflections on febrile diseases, it
may not be improper to give the character of pyrexia under
which the order of fevers is classed : *« Post horrorem pulsus
lopequens, calor major, plures fiinctiones laess, viribus presartim
artuum imminutis/' There are four other orders under the
class of pjTexia, with which we shall not occupy our readers'
attention, but confine ourselves separately to fevers.
. Fevers assume various appearances in the number and diver-
sity of their symptoms, and are properly considered as difiering
in genera and species ; and yet it may be asserted in strictness^
that fevers are rarely idiopathical, as the symptoms owe their in-
fluence to predisposing causes ; and agadn it may be asserted with
truth, that all fevers are ramifications of the same disorder,
varying in circumstances as they occur in different constitutions,
and proportioned to the magnitude of the cause. It has been
often advanced, that a fever is an effort of nature to remove or
expel morbid matter from the blood, and so to restore the health
of the system. This is the vis medicatrks natwriBf which operates
probably in every deviation of the healthy functions, and there-
fore is to be considered merely an argument <' obscwrum per^
obecwrius.'*

It is natural to explain exanthematous fevers by this propo-
sition, because the eruption is often critical when it appears
upon the skin, and all febrile symptoms finally depart; but,
notwithstanding, the fever is still to be held merely as a symp-
tom, which increases and protracts the disease : and, therefore,
until the primary cause shall be more satisfiactorily elicited, the
extinction of the fever is a certain guide, as well as the most
rational method of removing the disorder which caused it.
• There are certain circumstances common to all diseases com-
prised under this order, which are essentially necessary, and
properly constitute the nature of fever.

Debility predisposes to fever, and is a remote cause of it ;
and according to that luminous enquirer after medical truths,
the celebrated Cullen, debility, spasm, and re-action, constitute
the chief differences observable in them.

Though the cause of spasmodic constriction may be the same
in different persons, the gradations may vary according to the
irritability of the system which is affected.

Every fever which has a longer duration than twenty-four

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Caherfs lUfiectwm on Fever. S

hours, is considered a Tepetition of the paroxysm, which is
always finished within that time. The periods of the acces-
sion of snch paroxysms are generally fixed to one time of the
day ; and it is curious, that whilst quotidians come on in the
morning, tertians more generally prevail at noon^ but quartans
in the afternoon-— the fit is called the paroxysm : the period of
the interval between the paroxysms is denominated the inter '
miseioni and the length of time from the beginning of one fit
to the commencement of another,' is called an interval, which
varies in duration in difierent cases.

When, for example, the interval Ls forty-eight hours, the
fever is termed a tertian,— seventy •two, aquartan—- and twenty«>
four hours, a quotidian : — ^when the paroxysm does not entirely
cease, but still suffers some abatement or remission of its vio*..
lence, the fever is then called a remittent ; but if the paroxysma
are not marked by the usual symptoms of cold or heat, and no
considerable abatement of their violence is pereeptible, the Sevat
is then denominated continued.

With respect to the form or type of fevers, the quartan^
which is the longest interval, has its cold stage most violent^
but the paroxysm is shortest.

The tertian has a shorter interval than the quartan, and the
cold stage is shorter and less violent, with a longer paroxysm;
but the quotidian has the shortest interval as well as cold stage^
but the longest paroxysm.

The types of fevers sometimes change — tertians and quartans
into quotidians, quartans into remittents; and these again
often become continued fevers.

The divisions and subdivisions of fevers by various writers
have been frequently enumerated ; but the occasion of this is
not here to be considered, as they may generally be distin^
guished by demonstrating more phlogistic irritation and a
weaker re-action.

This has introducedDr. Brown*s phrases of sthenic and astbe**
nic disposition,-— and may be divided into the genera of ^nocha
and typhus. * Under the latter are to be classed the .difiieaent
species of jail and camp fevers ; but still it remains a piioblem^
whether there be any specific diflerence in the exterior cwndw
which jHToduced the afiection. These varieties appear i^ owe
their origin to difierent degrees of power in the same eauae,
i. e. a difference of climate, seasons, a unidn of them, or
the varying circumstances of the patient's constitution; but
sometimes typhus is combined with syhocha which is then
called sjrnochus, and it is found that no tabk is mbre dif'*
ficult to accomplish in practice than to ascertain the limits of

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4 Gifem'4 JRf^ecfioM on Fwer.

the two actions, or where synoeha terminateB and typhus com-*
mences: and when they arise from the same cause the shrewd-
ness and accuracy of observation which is requisite for the speedy
solution of this diflBculty seems to constitute the strongest
feature of an able physician.

The renewal and protraction of the paroxysm^ as also the
continuation of the fever^ arise from the weaker re-action^
Owing either to the causes of debility having been of a powerful
kind^ or to the patient's constitution favouring such an ope-
ration.

When inflammatory diseases exist, there is a diathesis phlo«
gistica prevailing in the body, which is an increased tone of the
arterial system ; and if this disposition accompanies fever, the
spasms are more strongly formed^ and the disease is of the
inflammatory kind.

The remote causes of fever most commonly have their origin
in miasmata evaporating over moist ground^ which when
acted upon by a thermometrical heat of more than eighty de-
grees Farenheit's scale, the malignity of the symptoms are pro-
portionably more rapid and severe— likewise in the effluvia of
the human body, cold, putrid matter generated in the body^
intemperance, fear, excess of venereal enjoyments — and indeed
in every incident which has a tendency to weaken the system*

Such causes seem to operate by exciting a violent re-action of
the svstem, and causing the destruction of the vital principle
which must be considers to be lodged in the system of nerves or
the<»rgans which are most innnediately connected with it. These
are principally the same sentiments as those of the great Profes-
sor Cullen, and which have been adopted by most of his pupils;
yet if we may be permitted to make a remark, we should presume
to assert, that although morbid miasmata might induce symp-
toms of grc»t debility, or even act upon the blood itself, and so
induce in it, or in the fluids derived from it, a putrescent
disposition, yet it seems difficult to imagine, how cold, or fear,
venery, or even intemperance, should engender mortal conse-
quences, by any adequate efiect on the system with which we
are aoqnainled ; and this doubt is more especially countenanced
when we daily observe, that if one hundred persons under
the influence of such causes should commit the same excesses^
ittnety-nine will be free of disease the subsequent day*

The general epidemics are fevers arbing from causes which
aSect a whole country, city, or family, and for the most part
depend upon putrid particles with which the atmosphere is
chm-ged; but the degree of their efiect on the human system

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Cahert^B R^UcHwia on Fever* S

depends nmcli tqpOD the co-operating cbreumaUacefl of its own
BXire OMtiifest qualities — such as its aridity, its moisture, frigid-
ity, heat, or the like. But it may be taken for granted thai
Hbe more immediate caiises of fever ^hich affiact andividualsj
depend upon applications, interior or exterior, which ai|«
sufficiently powerful to induce debility, and therefore excite
the spasmodic constrictiotis upon the extreme points of arteries
m the several parts of the body.
These were formerly reduced into three classes.

1. A purulent fomes within the body, from confined matter^
which has been the consequence of suppuration.

2. An acrimonious state of the juices, by any piilrid fomes,
and

3. Obstructed perspiration proceeding from any of the many
causes which we have before enumerated.

From the first class, hectic and coUkjuative fevers derive their
origin ; from the second, fevers of the putrid or malignant kind ;
and from the last, which depends much on the constitution,
there will follow, acute inflammatory fevers of a rheumatic,
nervous, or intermittent kind, according to the previous sus-
ceptibility of the patient.

One of the primary disposing causes of an inflammatory acute,
affection, has been imagined to be the strengthening of th#
sofids, and the inducement of a sizy inspissation of the fluids ;*
for this reason, plethoric habits are most obnoxious to «iich in-
dispositions; while on the contrary, in thedeMUtated andkifirm,
the circulation cannot readily be accelerated so as to constitute a
disease of the inflammatory kind.

Whatever irritates and increases the activity of the system
may produce all the symptoms of an inflammatory tWer.
Hence, extraneous substances lodged in the flesh, stimiUa^ng
oppUcations, as cantharides, bruises, wounds, friction, and
bums, occasion affections of this kind; for there seems no
great difference between partial and general fever, further diaa
lis in the one case a solitary organ is aflected; whilst in the other,
the body suffers generally — ^but in each cold seems a general
eiiuse, fo¥ the effect is j^oduced when no manifest external
causes exist.

The symptoms which denote great- re-action are,

1. Increased violence, hardness, and frequency of arterial
pulsation.

2. Increased heat of the body.

• Moch doubt exUU whether this state of the fluids creates fever.— /'Mr
BtwmCs ErpUtMUiimt on the Bhod Experimentt.

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S Catoeti^s RefUctioM en Feten

S. The symptoms which are the marks of a general inflam-^
matory disposition— specially those of a particular determina-
tion to the brain, lungs, or any important viscera.

4. Strong spasmodic constriction, shewn by a suppression
of the excretions, great thirst, &c. This is an inflammatory
ferer.

There is a disease which is called nervous fever, extremely
opposite to an inflammatory diathesis; this happens from
dissolved substances, profuse evacuations, and reliaed solids.
But the symptoms which demonstrate a great degree of debi-
lity are.

In the animal Jimctwns ;

1. Obtuseness of sensation, and
. 2. The irregularity of intellectual operations.

In the vitaljunctions ;

1. The weakness of the pulse.

2. The frigor of the extremities, coupled with the diminu-
tion of their circumference.

3. The tendency to a deliquiumanimi,if the posture be erect.

4. The weakness of respiration.
In the natural fanctions I

1. Weakness of the stomach, which is discovered by ano-
rexia, nausea, and vomiting.

2. The involuntary excretions depending on a palsy of the
sphincter.

5. Difficult deglutition depending on a palsy of the max-
illary muscles.

But what is most to be attended to are the symptoms which
betoken a putrid state of the fluids.

1. In the stomach; loathing of animal food, nausea, and
vomiting, a great thirst and desire for adds.

2. In the mass of blood— the blood drawn out of the veins
not coagulating as usual — hemorrhages from difierent parts by
an increased impetus of blood, eflusions under the skin, or cuti-
cle, forming petechia, maculae, and vibices, eflusions of a yellow
serum under the cuticle.

3. The putrescent disposition may be collected by the con-
dition of the excretions, frequent, loose, and foetid stools;
high coloured turbid urine; foetid sweats, and a foetor arising
from the vesications of blisters.

4. The cadaverous smell of the whole body.
These are symptoms of putrid fever.

There are many symptoms by which we may form some
prognostic concerning fevers.

To form a prognostic it may not be improper to remark, that
there is a cause hitherto concealed from human sagacity, which

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CakerfsR^Uetiomm Fever. f

ifi oontmuaK^ operating on the human system during the pio-
grea9 of felnrile diseases, which detennines those of certain du-
iiition. Contemplating this property in the body from our pre-
sent humble knowledge of its mechanism and pathological in-
dications^—it would appear, that a vis vitfle conservatrix had
been anticipated by the Author of the Universe to adjust de-^
nmgements in evoy animal body.

It is from this principle, that certain critical days have been de-
termined in diseases, and the periods fixed by observation^
are the third, fifth, seventh, ninth, deventh, fourteenth,
seventeoith, and twenty-first. We must observe, however,
that although in continued fevers remarkable exacerbations
are excited, there are many circumstances which may intervene
to prevent the exact periods. Thesynocha which afiects the
patient with moderate symptoms only, generally terminates
on the ninth day, but sometimes sooner, if one of the critical
days fail within that period.

The typhus and synochus commonly terminate on the
eleventh day, for the most part fatally — ^yet when protracted
beyond that day, the termination will be on the fourteenth,
seventeenth, or twenty-first, the chief indications of which are
a return both of appetite and sleep, the cessation of delirium,
abatement of heat, and frequency of the pulse, followed bj
gentle and easy respiration.

We have thought ourselves bound to dilate on the gennal
outlines and description of fevers, because, though Dr. Calvert's
treatise is confined solely to this subject, we have to lament
the sterility of its contents, as they present to the reader
little more than an inflated unintelligible jargon, in the spirit of
aphorismal dogmas unaccompanied with any proof of his asser-
tions: in his publication we have indeed found very few proofs
of instructive capabilities, and nothing to amuse. But we
shall presently extract a specimen of what we consider most
worthy the reader's attention. Yet we cannot help repeating,
that when he expressed his anxiety <^ to point out the principles
on which a systematic and useful method of treating fevers
might be established," that it became incumbent upon him
to give a general view of the doctrines respecting fever,
which had occupied the attention of eminent cliaracters in medi-
cine for a series of more than two thousand five hundred years;
and that if he did not condescend to say a few words on the
principles which had determined the practice of -Hippocrates or
Cralen, surely there could have been notliing degrading to the
reputation of Dr. Calvert, although he is a member of the col-
lege, and physician to the forces, to have briefly occupied one

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8 CaherVs Btfiecliim <m jRmr«

sheet at least, on the iDterei^itig wrilhigs ^f SydeidMniy Hofl^
man; Cullen, Darwin, and Brown. But thoogfh he has omit'*
ted to furnish the pfublie with his opinion on the princifdea
which directed the practice of these TaluaMe authotiv mh it to
loTgiven him to have entirely neglected the mentkn^of nany
practical and sagacious remarks on the subject ef fevcar vedem*
mended so lately by the ingenious Dr. Cuitie«f LiterpMt? Oaf
author has complained of writing without a- library i this may at
once account for the negligence, and apologize for the omiaaioni
but as such total silence has been obso^ed upon the dMferenI
theories of these distinguished authors, we trust a few remarksy
if only in veneration to their memory, wW be deemed venial,
and not prove altogether unedifying to our teaden^

Much obstructk>n has been always experienced in dM pur^
suit of knowledge, ftom the readiness with whieh man is pnint
to decide upon the causes which produce effects. To retni an
unprejudiced mind during a tedious investigation of interesting
phenomena, to proceed by tardy «tep8 and an ambi^ous in-
ductbn of facts till the occult cause is revealed, Is a dUncuIt eftut
of the mind, and requires rare powers of understanding. This
power the celebrated Newton possessed. But tliere is ample
testimony of this truth on the records of every science ; though
it most particularly applies to medicinal enquiries.

The most eminent physicians have shewn a peculiar eagerr
ness to offer S3rstematie doctrines which they have endeavoured
to eacplain by their own prejudiced minds.

From such misapplied attempts, the real knowledge of the
world has been more interrupted perhaps than even by the
dreams of superstition.

Mythology and the splendid fictions of Greeian philosophy
have had a great tendency to introduce false doctrines not only
in medicine, but in many other branches of Scienoe. The
principles of electricity, me<^anics, magnetism, and ehemis^
try, have been likewise successively employed to explain vtt«i
motions, and the Only results are deception and error.

Hippocrates lived at so early a period that he oould not be
expected to avail himself of many collateral branches of Science ;
but his energetic mind studied the book of nature, «nd hia
merit principally consists in being a just and original observer of
the economy of vital actions, and the operation of disease.

He conceived that heat was the most remarkable symptom of
febrile disease? : he assumed this to be the cause, and actually
founded his distinction of fever on the degrees of temperature;
but having no thermometer he trusted to his touch. When he
formed his diagnosis, he put his hands on the breasts of h»

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CMoitfs R^ftectimis an Fever. 3

^tftient^ (for he did not understand the pulse) and in doing thiil
he Ukewise depended upon the degree of heat.

His practice appears to have been judicious, and on this in-
fanmtion he founded his practice ; he therefore directed linen
ifipped in cold water to be applied to the parts most heated, he
drew blood both bf the lancet and eu^ir^ glasses, and ordered
eool drinks, particularly decoction of barley with honey. Many
absurd practices have been attributed to the Father of miedicine
in his treatment of fevers, and other diseases, which doubtless
have been the ofi^>ring of later times;— but the discerning
mind, observing his simple practice^ must acquit the Coan sage
of such uncandid imputations.

In the days of Galen, we believe about five hundred and
fifty years siterwards, science made some advances, though
miiiy comiptions were introduced } but he followed Hip-
pocrates, his great model in practice, more especially in his
opinions, that heat was the cause of fevers, and it appears he
practised upon this principle with great* success.

The Arabians afterwards retained the opinion of Hippocrates^
but with such comiptions as obscured the knowledge of the
real nature of fever, and therefore rendered the cause more
occult.

After passing fifteen centuries^ during whi^h the various
absurd tbeorKs of the Stahl, Van Helmart, and Paracelsus,
governed the practice of medicine, arose Thomas Syden-
ham in the seventeenth century, M'ho was an original observer.
It appears that the practice d physic is much indebted to
htm for his genuine observation; but, although his principles
were just, generally speaking, he owed much more to a
strong attentive mind, than to the formul® with which he
practiced.

This venerable character recorded symptoms with accuracy,
and established many important facts in the treatment of
(tiseases, but lie Avas ciintk>us in his relEisoning, and though he
affected not to theorize, he was a theorist in every part of his
work : and notwithstanding much of his reasoning appeared to
be upon self-evident principles, his opinions (such is the danger
•f making false inductions) have proved defective and falla-'
ctcius.

Sydenham thought that every disease Was only an eflbrt to
expel morbific matter of some' kind, by which the healthy
operations are impeded, and it was his opinion that this en-
deavour of nature should be observed, never obstructed, but
assisted. The process is to be carefully watched and pro-
moted, by which she accomplishes her purpose. He further
Crit. Rev. Vol. II. Jtdy, 1815. B

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10 Cakefes M^fietMom m F(Ster\

inaiAtained that this effieel wmH be foally pMllvoed bjr tiK
eniunctories, and that until it vma obtained, heaMi eoiild
never be restored.

This was his opinioo. He further pnoeeeded ob the genaiil
plan of resembling the inoKUMike actions of fever to the act
of fermentation^ and nerpetually compared them to the motiona
of the humours, by which nature separates the vitiated partidea
irom the blood, previously to their expulrion. The Aaarf
however may be traced to many ages before his existeBC^
but under his sanction it spread over Europe, tnd has ds^
scended in some shape or other to the present tiroes.

Sydenham's doctrine was an introductioB to the system oS
Boerhaave, as well as other chemical theories of lesser feme,
which gave birth to erroneous modes of treatment.

The unusual heat which Hippocrates considered as tiie came
«f fever, in the eye of chemists, appeared natundly enough
(within certain limits) a sahitary effect of excitement^ wfaidi
nature occasioned to expel the disease.

Pathology dawned with a juster light in the writings of Hoff-
man.

This was a ^reat man. He stands distinguished in the
records of medical science. He undertook to interpret the
intentions of nature, and contemplated her laws very saga«
ciously. Rejecting all diemical and mechanied anakgies,
he endeavoured to discover the cause of fevers in the peailiar
nature of vital motions.

He supposed, (in the language which die cM sohoob de*
nominated the remote,) that the noxious cause which produced
fever operated first on the living fibre» occanoning a general
spasm over the nervous and muscular system, begiimag in the-
external parts and proceeding towards the centre.

In consequence of this> a contraction of thevesseb at their ex-
tremities must of course take place, which would have the eflfact
ot impelling the circulating fluids in an increased ratio on the
heart and lungs, and stimubiting the organs to increased action,
tiie fluids wiU then be repelled towanls the extremities, and
thus, as fer as it goes, the phenomena of fever wonkl be ac-
counted for. There are therefore, according to Hofiiman, tw»
distinct sets of motions in fever, the first f)K>m the extremities
towards the centre, arising immediately ftom the spasm, and
accompanied by a small pulse, oppression, and amdcty ; the:
second towanls the surface from the centre, which is an efiurt
to resolve the spasm, which is commonly mnked by a strong
and full pulse, as well as increased heat.

The first of these, sels of motions is baneful andsometiaisa.

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€bi0tti'# A^iiottrofiAMn II

A0M be to cDonleniat tiie morbid actims and assist tht
|iroces8 of naturew

Men of genius are irrenstibly impelled to tbe<mae. The
theoiy of tlw, celebrated Hoffinan acoording with appearances^
wdeeitaiDljr OMiiiected with the practice of medicine^ is en*
titled to the tribite of appfauise* j.

The qratem of Hoiinan produeed theft of CuUbif which we
ttiay be allowed to state is the prevailh^ doctrine at the pfesetft
dagr : but still to mature underBtandings, mndi cS the impol^
tance of tiiis theory has evaporated.

Dr. Cullen intvodueed into die chain -a previous liirit— he
contended that the first eflect of the nazioiis effluvia, (the i««
mote cause) was a general debility which afflicted die i

To this debility he attributed the spasm ; and to the spasm^
the re-action of the heart and arteries; which se^action continue
ing till the spasm bxesolved, removes the debiiifty and the

According to Heffioaan, the spasm belongs to the class of mo-
tions, which he dcnonmiates baneful ; but Ds« Cullen prebumes
it to be salutary, and dieiefare inseribes it^ in the language of
the flchoc^y the vis medicatyix natune*
. It is not for us to appreciate such chai^^ introduced into
the theory of Hoffinan, or to attempt to estimate with any pre-*
dsion the Cullenian doctrine of fever, as it ananges pheno<»
mcna or applies to practice.

Debility of a peculiar kind, spasm, and redaction of the heart
and arteries, iseem all of them links in the chain of fever. Cullen
cntefs into their history with extraordinary minuteness.

We bow with much respect to the goDius of this iltustrioui
pbj!«oian, not only fmn his kigenioos, capacious, and social
mind, but because we heard him for near three years in his
lionourabtestatieiiymoatiktfdraniodicJSywithgrea^ but

atiU we have lived kmg enough to pnsmne, tibat his doctrine in
some points proves lUlaoious; particidariy inasmuch as it
passes over the morbid heat and aasociationf urtiich form the
auocessive Imks m the chain of fever.

This system was assailed by Dr. Brown, Heaassunbed the
caistence of an unknown principle as inhev^st in the living'
filNM, to whidh he gave the name of eoceitabttity, and ezplaiBed'
all the phenomena of life and disease by means of this prin-
ciple acted on by stimuli. These stimuli applied in the due
proportion, produce the just degree of excitemeut, that is the
atate of hisalUi. If the sUmiifi be duninished below the healthy

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12 Grioari'r B^fiMimt m Fmm.

pf^porlioD^ he sui^sed &eexeifabtlfft]f toaccimnikle ; if in^
prea3isd beyond tbeur proportion, hcsupposiHl it to be expanded.
On these different conditions^ he attempted to found a general
tfa6dry.of diseases.

Diseases he divided into two classes only-Hsthenic ' uid
asthenic, or diseases of increased or dinutusfaed excitement'—
in the latter of which classes he places typhus.

In the excitability Dr. Brown admitted no change, except
in lega^ to quantity ; in the excitement no variatioEk, exetpt
in regard to strength ; andio all universal diseases, he supposed
the whole system to be equally a£BBcted. Haying, thmfatfe,
assigned to fever itsplace^ in the series of desceivdingeseke-
ments, he refused to enquire into its symptoms or td enlarge on
its treatment. ^

It is very manifest that such a theory could not embrace all
the characteristics, of the disease. ^

Debility, the first link of l^e chain of Dr.iCuUen, formed,
according to Dr. Brown, the essence of fever.

The existence of spasm he denied, re-action he derided,
and the morbid: heat and morbid association, he wholly over-
looked. It cannot, howevec, be disputed, diat Dr« Ikown's
<qpinions have had a salutary efieet on the praotiee of phync,
particularly in typhoid fevers, which have been lon^ fottnd 4o
be benefited by the liberal use of opium and wine judiciously
administered, remedies now very universally adopted.

We shall not enter into Dr. Darwin's ingenious theory so
particularly, since the candid author himself considered it in*
complete at his decease; and reflecting on the vast extent
and miportance of his opinions, it is better to leave the matter
as it is, as other fabricks of genius from other sources saay arise,
and like others crumble down to the sand of which they are
formed. We shall finish with a quotation from Dr. Darwin's
Zoonomia, '^ with his own m^est account mi tliis:6ubjeQt«"

<< What I have thus delivered, I beg to beconsideivd. ratiier
as observations and conjecture, than as things explained- and
demonstrated; to be considered as a foundation and a scaffold-
ing, which may enable fixture industry to erect a beautiful and
solid edifice, eminent both for its simplicity and utility, as well
as for the permanency of its materials; whicli may not moulder
Uke the structure already erected into the sand out of which it
was composed, but which may stand unimpaired like the New«-
tonian philosophy, a rock amid the waste of ages !" ^

* Zoonomia^ vol. U. p. 625.

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. Oar readen wjUofaserre with strpitse of what heterogeneous
materials the sdenee of medicine has been formed^ and' on
what ft sandy base it stands.

It is manifest, that whilst the Tyros of medical practice are
doubtful of the ground on which they shall build their future
fame and consequence^ destruction may arise to the patients
who employ them.

If it be truly reported that more tlian 30,000 medical ]iracti*
tioaeis of different dashes are planted within the united king-
ftoms^ to prescribe ud libitum fox his Majesty's liege subjects,
it becooieB an object of state, that such an army should be duly
initiated in the duties wiiich are entrusted lo theni ; for it is an
awful' reflectioD) what barbarous and prolraeted treattnent often
results from want of skill in the professor ! — a reflection which
has frequently excited a question which, in our mind, needs
not an ambiguous reply — whether the mortality of the human
species do not increase as medical agents become more nu*
merous?

As a specimen of the author's opinions, we shall now offer
a few brief extracts from his reflections on fevers, which are
conveyed in metaphors which do not at all times elucidate his
fundaniental principles. But of this the reader must judge folr
himself.

" Language, though extremely defective^ is> I believe, not
more so than our usual mode of investigating and describing'dis-
eascs. Instead of patiently examining into their nature ami es**
sence by legitimate and inductive reasoning, we content ourselves
with describing the casual symptoms^ because these, perhaps,,
happen to be the most striking to ourselves.

** In deftning the malady of a sinking ship, no one would no- .
tke her signals of distress^ as the report of her guns, her reeling
and gradual, subsiding in the water, and lastly; her fatal plunge .
Into the Imthomless abyss, lie would describe in* plain and sim-
ple kinguage^ the hole in her bottom. h\ human maladies, hpiV-
ever, we se^xn to prefer the pathetic and highly coloured desorip*
tioos, t}u)ugh no inference whatever can be .drawn from it to the
plain matter of fact. Thus the ges ticulatians of a cataleptic pa-
tient, or the incoherent ravings of a delirious man, i\rc attended to
i^'ith much greater interest than the true physiological state of
the system."

Again : speaking of the physical eiFect of bodies, he says — '

'' The female influence is equally active and powerful with that
of the male ; light and the eye are equally powerful and essential
in producing the effect of visioii/and the loadstone has not more

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14 CUoert^t R^fimAm mt Fm0r0

ialbieBoeiqioii inm, Hmhi tiie iron h« upon the loadiloii^ md wo
pa of the rest. Every effect in nature, then, cmisiats of a mU'*
tnal and simultaneous combination of matter, or the qualities of
matter.

'* Sometimes it happens that events succeed each other so !»•
pidly from the agents being at hand, that a number of successive
events are considered as one continued effect. If a stream of
water, for example, falls rapidly into a vessel, the stream is said
to fin the vessel, or cause the effect of Ailness : but it is to be
considered that fulness does not happen tilt the end of tfie opera*
tioB : and that any interruption during the eoune of it» would
leave the effect in a state agreeing exactly with the quantity duct
had fallen at the time of the interruption. To render the matter
atiH clearer^ we may sqwiate tliese evenis to a greater dtstanee
from each pther^ by allowing the water to fall drop by drop. Here
the first drop falllnK into ih& vessel (the vessel, however, beias
as necessary as the arop) produces the effect of a drop bein^ con-
tained, the second drop falling, that of two, and so on till the
vessel will contain no more : and it is the last drop that foils pre-
vious to the running over, in coiyunction with all the preceding
ones, and with the vessel itself that causes the effect of plenitude.**

Here we muat pause, thaC the reader may digest tUs mor*
ecsB of ec^Mng matter, for it is Kally b^oid our oompre^
kension. There is a punishment in the Castle of MagMmgy
•ometimes exercised upon criminals, which has been considers
as the most torturing that can be inflicted, namely, the
continual dropping of water upon the criminal's bare head.
The result of this severe practice we understand is insanity,
and sometimes death. We have not been informed of the
precise duration of this punishment, but we are bold to pro*
nounee, that if we were obliged to watch such a guttatim
process as that described by our autfaor^ our seases w<wld a
•o long time become deranged.

We with difficulty understand the point whidi* the autbor
aims at — his only ol^t seems to be to make proselytes to his
opinion, that fevers are ^together owing to the meserving et
an equilibrium of the fluids within the body. To the esta-
blishment of which opinion, he thus proceeds, after «flmrii«g
that there are twenty-eight pounds of red blood, and two of
serous fluids in the body, (which latter assertion we under-
take to assert is very distant Arom the truth) —

«' During life and health there is a constant percolation of fluids
Into and from the common mass, the ingress passing through the
thoracic duct, and the egress throng the various excreting
or secreting organs; as the skin, the hings, the kidneys, the
pancreas, the lachrymal glands, the salivary glands, (kc. The

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Cttkerfs IUJkciwn$ m Fever. IS

total fliBOunt of thb percolation varies according to tbe cKmate,.
time of the year, exercise taken, and other circumstances; some-
timea^ however, it amounts to nearly eight pounds per diem, or
about one sixth part of the whole circulating mass. (Sanctorius.)
In order to preserve the standard <)uantity of fluids in the system
uniformly the same, the ingress and egress must be equal in
quantity, i. e. the sum total of the excretions must in a given
time be exactly equal to the quantity of chyle taken up by the
intestines, and conveyed through the thoracic duct into the mass
of blood.

** This equilibrium between the ingress and egress of the eircu*-
lating fluids, I shall call the balance of ctrcKlatian:^

This being the principal jet of Dr. Calvert's essay--fvple^
tion and depletion of course become the methods of cure: for
we are not so happy as to discover any novelties either in the
utile or dulce of this composition, which demand our notice.
However, the mode of cure we cannot entirelv dismiss, with*
out noticing the foUowbg lines upon this subject of cuticular
discbarge :

'<^ There are various agents to be employed fi>r the restoration
of the cuticular diaqlmrge, both external and internal. But as tha
former daaa, do not disorder the stomach, I generally give them the
preference. I have seen such dreadful consequences succeed the ad*
miniatration of emetics and antimopial preparations in particular^
that I would always dispense with their use, when less dangerous
remedies will answer the purpose."

We ecmchide our renuorks on this treatise by observing,
diat when emetics and antimoniab disagree, it may be at-
tributed generaUy to an tmproper period of their exhibitioi^
for we here shall roundly asscart, that if Dr. Calvert put hta
veto upon emetics and antimoniais, he suppresses two of the
most powerful agents of speedy as well as efiectual relief itk
fcbrile diseases.

We have already tmnsgressed our limks on this arHch*, and
shall only expreas our surprise and concern that a member
of the CcU^e of London, and a phT|'f|bian employed by
tbe Britisb .army, should have pvesentec 70 meagre a pub*
fication. At the same time, we should not dtschaige our
dut^ to the public, if we allowed these observations to pass
withoat declaring our especial regret, that though so many
physicians have been actively employed for more than twenty
years in stations which are the hot beds of contagious and
mortal maladies, no new light has emanated from their pent
to illumine the horizon of the medical wodd, on the subject

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16 Ensor's Observaiicns on the State qf Ireland.

of malignant fevers. It must be lamented, that there exists
such opposite sentiments amongst men of science, respecting
the cause as well as treatment of this source of destruction
to mankind; and we cannot withhold the expression of
our deep concern, that the opportunity for the investigation
of this important enquiry is probably lost. We are sensibly
impressed with this defect of talent m reflecting that so few of*
the gentlemen who have been employed on the medical stafF^
have had their appointment either to Egypt, or the West
Indies, and other hot climates, where theph^e, yellow fever,
and typhus gravior, continue their progress uncontrouled,!^
causing such formidable sacrifices of the human race : and
surely it is of momentous consequence to society at large, to
diminish the effect of this source of destruction. Ought not
the subject to be also considered in a political point of view,
when the state requires for the preservation of her colonies
such large supplies of the military, as well as of every other
description of persons ? T.

Art. II. — Observations on the present State of Ireland. By George^
Ensor, Esq. 8vo. Pp. 123. Fitzgerald, Dublin. 1814.

. Cold, indeed, must be the heart that can reflect without in-
dignant emotions on the unmerited, protracted, sufferings of
our ill-fated brethren in Ireland ! Yet so it is, persons not in-
nately depraved, acquire a callous temperament from the habi-
tual contemplations of the corruption of all governments, whilst
unshackled by the persevering firmness of the people, and-
onawed into respect for the natural course o£ retributive justice.
We do not, however, attach this feeling to the British na--
lion generally. An Englrshman, intuitively sympathises with
the oppressions of an Irishman ; he unceasingly laments the:
crooked policy that rears its tj'rannic banners throughout the
land of Erin ; but every day's observation sliews him, that al^*
though thcBritishtf ji^titution is universall}' extolled forthed^att**
tu of its TH£oRY,^!» t>RACTiCB is not altogether und^otined.'
Thus, the first model of ideal purity is debased by the real
want of purity in those privileged to surround a throne. — Per-
sons who, too frequently, employ a noble mind, and vigorous-
exertion, to vitiate the rights of the subject, and to flatter the
vices of an imbecile, or unprincipled monarch: persons, who,
blessed with the enjoyments of private wealth, disdain an he-
reditary independence, and become riglit-honourable maidi-

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Entor^s f^gervatiom on the State qflrelqnd^ 1 7

caots^ bj billetiiig their rapacity on the publlo treasury^ aod
bowing with sycophantic humility to the ciftprices of a Being
more exalted^ possibly less virtuouS) even, thaa themselves*
From creatures of this description few governments are ex-
empt; and^ henee it is that Ireland^ differing in religion from
the elevated minions of parent authority^ and resisting their
chain, becomes the victim to illiberality, and tributary to par-
secution.

Let it however be remembered, that xnconciliatory policy and
persevering injustice have not only deprived u$ of America,
as a valuable colony, but converted that formidable Republic
into a relentless enemy. With such fatal experience before them^
it is truly lamentable, that a course ao repugnant to humanity
and to public right, should be p^severed in by any set of men*
The peojde of Ireland complain with reason of the grievanees th^
endure; and the only answer to their complaints is the enact-
ment of new sanguinary statutes which disgrace our penal code,
and increase a popular aversion in our countrymen, without
ft>rwarding any good end of policy. For, oppression is the
jMoent of resistance ; and perseeutiou that of irreconcUeable
hatred. The Irish are a people rather to be won by kindness
ihanjMibdued by sev^ty : they are moreover equals by the . act
of Union, and as such ought to be adnutted to a participation of
the same rights with ourselves. But if government intend to as*
sumethe attitude of conquest, it is crud to affect the semblance
of equality; giving them the shadow of liberty as a substitute for
the . reality they fqfmerly possessed. By the principles of the
Union, they are empowered to ask not as a boon, but to de-
mand as their right, a full participation of the advantages of
the British constitution, and to be released from every restric-
tion and disability heretofore imposed on them; unless it can
be clearly shewn that their enjoyment of unrestricted liberty
is ineojDjpatible with the security of the state.

That the stability of government depends on persecuting any
class of tlie peopk^ or withholding from them their legilimate
rights^ we cannot believe. We contend that liie interest of
the state would be more effectually secured by conciliatioo than
coercion ; and that the way to secure Ireland would be only by
consulting its happiness, administering to its prosperity, and
Felieving it from every just cause of complaint.

In the pamphlet before us, the author lias taken a most able
view of the state of Ireland; and pointed out in forcible and
eloquent language, the distressing situation of that country;
detailing abuses which call loudly on British generosity, or
rather British justice, for redress. The xumie of the author

Cbit. Rev. Vol. II. July, 1815. C %

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IB Ensor^s Observations on the State of Ireland.

is so universally known from the merits of his former pubfica-
tions, that it is unnecessary for us to say more upon the pre-
sent, than that it is equal in energy and Udent to his precedii^
works, powerfully advocating the cause of freedom, in lan-
guage inspired by the sacredness of the subject.
> Mr. Ensor prefaces his examination of the situation of
Ireland, by some observations on the course adopted by Eng-
land respecting the peace concluded at Paris. He contrasts
the war waged against the French revolution, with our
barbarity and inconsistency in starving the Norwegians into
submission, to one of the former generals of that revolution :
andspeakingof the peace, heobserves, ^^ the year that proclaimed
peace to many nations — ^that year proclaimed war to Ireland;
and in that year particularly, no movement had been made to
ameliorate its condition or emancipate its people.' ' This remark
is the more disgraceful to ministers when the services and gal-
lantry of the Irish during the late war are considered. Whilst
the employment of that brave people was deemed expedient to
carry on an unpopular conflict, their cause progressively gained-
ground in parhament. The moment of peace terminated l^e
hopes they had been led to entertain of emancipation ; sub-
sequent to its conclusion, no attempt has been made to re-
new the discussion of their claims; and since the publication of
this pamphlet, another year has transpired, with nearly the
same marked indifference; the people of Ireland even yet re-
maini.ig quiet.

Speaking of the want of loyalty manifested by the Irish since
the Union, he says,

*' If the law disgrace and exclude wickedly, selfishly, fantas-
tically; if the administration be partial ; if honours and rewards
be reserved for one description of subjects, and punishments and
burthens be imposed on another, the favoured will probably be
loyal, a^ conquerors rejoice in amis and rapine; but the suffering
cannot rejoice, they cannot be loyal, for the law is to them a sad
grievance. Nature, which enables them to feel and experience,
which taught them to contrast good and evil, forbids their loyalty.
It is true they may exhibit no disposition to revolt; they may
mope away a doubtful existence, like some Asiatics; they may,
like the Germans, hopeless of actual improvement, theorize on
transcendent philosophy, and the perfectibility of man ; or they
may betray, like some of the Irish, a general indefinite restlessness
and agitation."

Were they not to display restlessness and agitation , were
tliey to sit down tamely under injustice and privation; in
fine, wese they to make a shew of loyalty, they would be unde*'

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Eusct's (Xfseniatiom an the Suae qf Ireland. 1 9

semQg a belter fate. It is only by firimiess and perseyerance
tbey can obtain their rights; but those rights should be claimed
mthout public commotion : the people of this country are too
generous not to enter cordially into their cause, which rapidly
gains ground amongst the thinkiog part of the conmiunity ;
and no doubt can be entertained that^ when once admitted
within the pale of the British constitntion, by the remoTal of
restrictions and other grievances, they will rival their brethren
in this country in a display of raiumaL loyalty.

The produce of their soil being the principal source of profit
to the Irish, one of the greatest drawbacks to their prospe-
rity as a nation, is the non-residence of the land-holders upon
their estates. This evil, although not altogether produced by
the Union, has annually encreased since that period: andnught
in scMoe degree be mitig^t^d, by the enactment of laws, impos-*
ing a heavy rate of taxation upon the rents of the absentees.
Mr^Easor observes-^

'' So early as Richard the Third an ordinance was passed against
absentees £nom Ireland; and in the last session, (I8IS) Mr Peel,
in detailingthe merits of his new taxes, said, ''with respect to thetax
pnoposed on powers of attorney^ it would have the effect of compel*
ling gentlemen to reside upon their estates, by making it expensive
to employ agents, and nothing could contribute more to the peace
and prosperity of the country/ He further observes, 'that
districts, not less extensive than some of the famous republics of
Greece, are held by bishops, who are frequently strangers by their
nativity, and aliens in their affection to Ireland. Other immense
tracts are possessed by absentee lords and commoners, who never
approach their estates; or who at most make them a short visit
after a long interval of absence; while equally extensive regions
are possessed by corporations, the Skinners' and Fishmongers'
companies, &c. that many parishes^ nay even baronies, are with-
out a resident proprietor.**

The consideration of these points aflfects so materially the hap-
piness and prosperity of Ireland, as to require the most diligent
investigation of parliament: the imposition of a heavy rate of
property tax on these non-residents might produce benefit : it
Tvould otherwise be highly lucrative to government; added to
the advantage of conciliating the tenantry, from the conviction
that their interest was consulted in the measure. It is cer-
tainly the duty of ministers to interest themselves upon this
point, it having been so materially encreased by the removal of
the parliament from Dublin, which greatly lessened the gaiety

* The author asserts, from his own knowledge, that in one parish contain*
isg nineteen thousand inhabitants, there is not a single resident proprietor.

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iO Mmot's Obs&rwtwM on the SMe ofiftkmd.

and attractions of that capital. By the encreaficd price of all Ai«
products of agriculture^ the prosperil^of Ireland^ neccMariiy m<^
created duringtiiewar; yet, should niinisters ever again permituft
toenjoy a state of continued peace« Ireland as well as England^
willj upon OL^bttiination of the ruinous consequences produced
by the war, find itself placed in a situation of unparalleled
privation, requiring the aid of every resource to ameliorate the
necessities of the people.

The state of the church establishment is another species c^
abuse, calling loudly for redress not only in Iceland but in our
own country. The decent respectable support of the clergy must
fever be ardently desired by the people^ who wottW pay moat
cheerfully any ftiir remuneration to that Useful class of men>
for the important and indispensable duties they perform to the
fcommnnjty. The objections however to our present system
are of an insuperable description; its construction being ^nda*
mentally bad. Until it shdl have undergone a radical reforni^
it must prove an obnoxious source of oppression to the people^
calculated rather to excite feelings of animosity towards its pro**
fessors, than to inspire that species of revei«nce and love> their
sacred duties so qualify them to inspire.

The prominent objections to our church establishment, are
firstly, Its mode of assessment and collection; and secondly, its
Inequality of distribution.

The first objection applies to the principle of tythes; which
we consider impolitic and oppressive, both in its nature and ope<-
ration. This system owes its origin to that period of history
when our kings were under the absolute dominion of s<»did
monks; whose principal endeavours wer6, by every species of
^perstition, to enrich the church at the expence of the people^
Their mpacious designs have succeeded too effectually; the
whole worid, under the pretext of ministering to the neeemfie^
of their clergy^ being impoverished by maintaining them in a
style of pomp and extravagance altogether unsuitable to the
simplicity of their occupation, and in every respect unbecom--
ing their profession. The church of England, m dissenting
firom the Romish church, whilst it preserves the Athanasian
creed, and other notions of intolerance, still manifests the sd-
fishness, sordidness, and illiberality of the chiurch of Rome,
By the continuance and rigid exaction of tythes, it estranges the
affisctions of the peo}de from their pastors, who are more dls*
tinguished by rapacity in enforcing their legal rights, than by
a strict observance of the divine principles of Christianity.
This may however in some measure be accounted for by ano-
ther abuse^ namely, the sale of livii^j which converts the

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JiMor'tf Obuntii^mg m the Siaie qf Iteiimd. 21

aiiliblers of the church into olere jobbets, who, by their mode
of exaction, live in perpetual hostility wiUi their Gongregation^
by whom they are viewed in no other light thaa the colkcton
of an odious tax, which is consequently paid with reluctance*
That tythes are a check upon industry, and a grievance of a se-
nous nature, both to the landlord and tenant, is indisputable;
the f<mner being a sufferer in his rent; the latter in the capital
and labour employed in the cultivation of the land. Mr.
Paley,speakingonthe subject of tythes, observes, ^^itisthemost
pernicious of all taxes/' We trust this opinion will become
univtersal, and that society at large will see the necessity of put«-
ting an end to so destructive and odious a system*

Respecting the unequal dbtribution of the enormous church
tevenues, little need be said. The principal part is appointed
either to maintain the higher order of dkrgy in all *^ the pomp
and vamitiee qf this wick^ tuorld,'' or as a source of wealth to
some layman, generally of noble birth. The proprietor of a
living having no personal duty to dischai^e, employs a
curate, who performs vrith christian meekness and resigna*
lion, all the functions of the sacred office, and half starves
upon his employment. He derives no other comforts from
his occupation than his hopes of reward hereafter ; those he
ought fairly to derive here, being appropriated to maintain, in
disgusting sloth, some superior/ creature of the church, more
dbtinguished probably by the extravagance and dissipation of
his private life, and the strict exaction of his tythes, than by
the sli^test display of christian charity^ or the common ob-^
servance of those estimable qualities that render individuals
respect^le in society.

This degrading inequality between the high and unbeneficed
clergy aggravates exceedingly the injustice of our church es-*
tabluhment. The ind^ant feelings of the people are con*
tiDually excited by the call of the beneficed clergyman for his
tythes on the one hand, with all the insolence of exaction —
and <rf the poor curate or lecturer, on the other, literally beg-
ging some few shillings, in the shape of an annual collection:
besides the mortification of pariiamentary grants and other
charitable sources for the relief of the poorer clergy. Can the
people contemplate this iniquitous system with any other feelings
than those of disgust ? The church-revenues in England, as
dUd thoae in Fmnce before the Revolution, exceed every prin-
ciple of reason and justice ; it is proper they should be cur-
tailed**-Hit all events commuted ; and that something like egtia-
jc^ should be introduced amongst the ministers of the church.
Had the levohitioii against the government of Louis XVL pro-

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22 Ensor's Observations on the State of Irebmdl

duced no other benefit to France than the rectifying the existing
abuses of the church, this alone would have rendered that measure
a blessing tQ the nation. Mr. Burke, who was bribed by the twa
governments to employ the weight of his sophistry against the
cause of liberty, admitted, that ^om the disposal of the ecclesa*
astical lands, and the improved system of the church estab-
lishment in France, the people derived an actual benefit of
£^5,000,000 per annum. This national advantage cannot fiail
to enrich the nation, when applied to the improvement of com-
merce, and cultivation of labour, instead of being impropriated
as an encouragement to idleness, in the support of a lazy^
overstocked clergy. Nor was the Republic unmindful in the
means it adopted, of the respectability and comfcnrt of the
priests : improving the condition of the poorer classes, and
checking the inordinate avarice of the higher, by allowing the
former not less than ai^50 per ami. and to the latter not mor)e
than s£2 or .^,000. That the people of France are substan-
tially benefited by this change, is a self-evident fact ; and there
ean be no doubt, that the civil appropriation of her religious
establishments, and the relief of the land from tythes, added
to many other important acquisitions, derived from her Rejmb"
Uc, will enable that country to rival our own in many points^
to the serious injury of our commercial greatness.

All the evils we have pointed out may be imputed to the
union of church and state: a system resorted to by all coirupt
governments, in order to uphold the stratagems of each ; and^
by close alliance, to /orward their own projects, at the ex-
pence of the independence and prosperity of the people. The
union of these two powerful bodies, however it may be en-
dured from usage, is repugnant to every principle of decency.
Civil government being in its very nature corrupt^ cannot
naturally be associated with the Church, which is, or rather
from its primitive design ought to be, the fountain of purity and
excellence. By such an union the latter can never be either
respectable or pure : it must be necessarily polluted by its inti-
mate connexion with the state; and although each may uphold
the other firom the community of their transgressumsj they
will be viewed as a combination to deprive the people of their
rights, >Ma mere political body, to accomplish theu: own selfish
designs, ,

If the church establishment be a system of oppression to
this country, where the chief part of the people are protestants,
how intolerable must be the burthen to our brethren in Ire-
land ? who, principally papists, have, in tiddition to the ex«
actions of the established churchy to support their own clergy*

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Ensor's Observations an the State of Ireland. 23

Surely Htm is an evil that imperatively requires immediate in-
quiry ; yet wheii brought before parliament, it has been viewed
with apathy, by a class of men, who, from the incessant con-
templation of corruption and oppression, can listen to a re-
cital of wrongs without emotion, and \yith hearts so hardened
by their occupation, as to be impervious to the feelings of nature
and compassion.

**■ With a view," says our author, '^ to relieve the pauper popula-
fion of Ireland, who might cultivate a rood or some such petty
portioh of land, from the visitation of the tythe proctor, a Bill
was presented to parliament in the session of 1812. It was fe«
rociously opposed by Sir W. Scott, who declared that it was sub-
versive of religion, of property, of the church, of churchmen.
He raged as if the Judge of the Admiralty Court had been trans-
formed by the occasion into the Chief Justice of the King*s Bench,
To this, Air. Barham answered, ' he had always heard it stated,
that the church was the protector, not the oppressor of the poor j
but here it appeared that the church was to be supported not
merely by the poor, but by the poorest/ "

Surely the honourable gentleman must have intended to
speak ironically of the clergy in the former part of this sen-
tence ; but the truth of the last line compensates for the mo-
mentary levity he indulged in. It can never be contended but
that this class of the clergy, people, are, in the present state of
the church establishment, the protectors of any but them-
selves.

Upon the principle of a mere tenth being extorted yearly to
maintain the clergy in the enjoyment of their luxuries, the
whole value of the agricultural property of the kingdom passes
once in ten years through the hands of these protectors of the
poor, these humble and unostentatious ministers of God. But
when it is considered that they not only take the tenth of the
, labour annually, but of the heavy capital and expences ne-
cessary to render it productive, they may be said to take two
tenths of the value of the land, instead of one. It would be
but just that they should contribute their pro jjortiou of expence,
and stand in the same situation with other partners in trading
concerns. Mr. Ensor enters fully, and with great ability, into
the peculiar hardships and abuses of the church establishment
on the people of Ireland.

" Englishmen are nominated to the Irish church, as an
outlet for the surplus expectancy of orthodox Britons, and as a
means of securing by spiritual fnercenaries, the subserviency of
Ireland. The duties of bishops, even of the reformed church, are

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24 Emor*i ObservatioK$ on the Siaie qf Ireland*

few } and if their doings are to teacb lu our duties, we maj^
without hostility to sinecures^ think them overpaid by revenues
which vary from four to twenty thousand pounds a year to each
ecclesiastic. To the cardinal virtue of cardinals^ according to Cas-
tlglione^ the Irish bishops add an inordinate anxiety for wealth ;
and to such excess has this extended > that the lands assigned to
, ihem, and which strengthened their interest with the people, have
become by the innovated enhancement on renewals^ ael^f cause
for the general disaffection of all ranks to the establishment.
Their rapacity aifects no conciliation, no excuse^ by countervail-
ing acts of generosity or charity. They cannot be hiunane, even
to the miserable of their own profession. The bishops of Armagh
and Derry, out of ^40,000 annual revenue, do not contribute
one shilling to the first fruits fund, which was instituted in order
to increase the stipends of the inferior clergy : and almost the
whole bench of bishops opposed Lord Harrowby's bill, for the
better support and maintenance of the stipendiary curates, though
not one of them denied the evil, or offered a remedy/*

These observations on the Irish iMshops are so uniforsi lycor-
rect^ as to preclude the necessity of any comment from us^
or the possibility of denial by others. We think Mr^ Ensor
might have even pursued the subject with advantage much
further^ by presenting a comparative statement of the revenue
of the bishops in the two countries. Is it not disgraceful^
thatj although Ireland is the least populous and the poor*
est; and the majority of its inhabitants Roman Catholics, the
total revenue and average income of the bishops in Ireland
is more considerable than in this country? England con-
tains twenty-two bishopricks, exclusive of Wales; and Ire-
land the same number. The annual revenue of the for-
mer is estimated at a^I 52,300; and the latter at ^156,500:
which on an average would produce an income of sS6,d22 to
the English bishop; and 5^7,113 to the Irish. If further
proof were wanted of the indispensable necessity of some re^
form in the church establishment of Ireland, surely the state-
ment we have just made would be conclusive. Our author
has canvassed the abuses of his church with such zeal and abi-
lity, that we will refer to him for further information.

*^ After the bishops,'* he observes '^ come close the plundists.
On this subject it is stated in the law books, ' by the canon law
no ecclesiastical person can hold two benefices with cure smul
et semel, but that upon taking the second benefice the first is
void. But the Pope by usurpation, did dispense with that law.'
(L. Diet. V. ii. p. 512.) Then, in this particular, the amount of
our great reformation is, that the manufactory of dispenaatioaa
has been transferred from Rome to Canterbury. Does anyone

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MiMt*^ tM^sewAixmi on the State qf freUxnSL ^

ffthcy tbat jiluralities advance religion > No dotard coiild supposr
it. They excuse the parson for doing nothings as he stands unre*
solved between both rectories^ like the Schoolman's ass between,
the bundles of hay. It causes and encourages dissipation and
idkness in the beneficed clergy, and faintheartedness and re-
pining among those clergy who do all and receive little j and it
incrciises the aversion of the people to that system, which, preach-
ing equality to all, — ^which, enforcing charity as a paramount duty,
exhihits inequality and unckaritableneits, — exhibits in the bosom of
the church, and among the clergy themselves, the parable of
liazaruis and the rich man a hundred times repeated. Pluralities
ure bishopricks of various dimensions/'

Our author pursues this subject with great ability : he enters
Jiilly into the tythe system, pointing out those extortions the
unfortunate people of all religions are obliged to submit to>
from the rapacity of the clergy. Yet he concedes to them one
virtue, namely impartiality ; each member of the church ex-
acting from all indiscriminately, with an equal hand, the full
penalty of his bendy and maintaining his rights with all the
inflexibility of unfeeling rapacity.

Mr. Etisor contends, that none but Irishmen should fill the
prominent offices of government over Ireland : and it must be
admitted, that in a country where oppressive measures are
resorted to, their execution by foreigners is no small aggra-
vation of the evil. Ministers are, however, not without an
excuse upon this head | for were they to employ Irishmen, ex-
clusively, to harass and oppress their fellow-countrymen, no
certain reliance could be placed upon agents, who, in lend-
ing themselves to a system of persecution^ must necessarily be
guilty of the worst sort of treason — a treason committed against
the people.

Our author enters with great ability upon the state of the ex-
ecutive government, and the general administration of Ireland;
in which he introduces many forcible observations in favour of
the Catholic Board ; exposes the partiality and injustice of the
Irish government in its conduct towards the protestant and ca-
tholic population ; and takes a* cursory view of several of its
recent measures. We cannot follow him through his eloquent
and judicious remarks on this interesting portion of his trea-
tise, without extending our observations beyond their ordinary
limits ; but we recommend our readers to peruse the work at-
tentively.

He next observes upon the Orange establishments, of which
he styles Lord Yarmouth ** the chibf" in'England; a man,
hesayS) loyal by nature, by habit, loyalby all ties of father,

Crit. Rev. Vol. II. July^ 1815. D

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26 Efmr's Ob8en>ati$n$ m the Stef* ^ £tifiiiL

mother J wife, and prince. That this illegai assocntion ought
to be suppressed cannot be doubted ; as it presenres an endless
animosity, and produces continual irritation amongst the people.

*' If the ISth of July be a day of iQebristed joy to Orange
meiij it can be none to the Catholic Irish ; and its lasuitiBg eX( in
bition fixes a sting in the sod memory of a vilified people. He
who would support or countenance this cruel faction in Ire**
land^ which is hateful to all catholics, and contemptible to all
rational protestants and dissenters, must be a sensualist in wiek-*
edness ; he must love wickedness purely for itself, unless^ as 1
am persuaded, this pregnant cause of discord Ss thought bene*
ficial to the English government in Ireland, and that it may be em-
ployed to exasperate a rebellion, if the evils of the Union are to
he aggravated, or to excite commotions, if an excuse for enacting
some hideous law be wanted -y for the tyranny of England ha3
hitherto subsisted in this unhapy country by exasperating factions
against each other 3 and the countenance which Orangemen
have received by those in power is a part of that weak and vicious
system

" Which holds

Eternal anarchy, amidst the noise

Of endless wars, and by confusion stands.*'

We should hope for the honour of human nature, that
British ministers are not so thoroughly depraved, so lost, to
every sense of virtue and humanity, as to encourage the out-
rageous proceedings of the Orangemen for the purpose of ex-
citing commotions, or to furnish an excuse for the enactment
of sanguinary laws to rivet the chains of the people. Yet the
present system of policy justifies conclu^ons not very favourablt^
to government. The Orange institution is altogether illegal :
why then should it not he suppressed ? That it produces the
niost deadly animQ3ityaniQngst the people is notorious. Whilst
pvery attempt is made to stifle the voice of complaint in those
who pant for their country's freedom ; thii$ infuriated association
is permitted in open violation of the law, to triymph over its
opponents^ and goad them by every species of insult, until
their sufferings become insupportable- The Irish are a people
by no means disposed to suffer injury with impunity ; they
have not deserved such treatment; and it? coutinyation wiu
only provoke national and determined antipathy towards this
country. Unnecessary provocation should at all events be
avoided. Surely no censure can be too strong upon a govem-
ipaei^t that will sanction so det€^tahlc a system as that of the
Qrang^ Iivstitution.

*^ Let the Catholics/* says eur author, " assemble on the iSth of

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Mtft Aovgii «b«]r should not be. teagved by aftecretooth; kt the
women wear weepers j lei the men bear cy{>re8Sj let them pla^
Bmy mournful tune, and we shall see if the' judges and the sec^e*
twy of the lord lieutenant will treat with the same temper theit
iMMTtfeU B^TWwr, as they have done the insolent exultation of
thelK

In examining the state of the British nation^ the considera*
tioa of its finance is most apalling : nor can we congratulate
Ireland upon any great advantage it possesses orer us in thia
respect. Each nation appears to have been taxed as heavily as
the ingenuity of govemroent could contrive, for the purpose of
conducting the holy crusade in favor of the Lord's anointed: and
for this inestimable cause a public debt has been contracted
trhich neither country will ever have the power to discharge. It
fa not surprising, that from the pernicious course pursued by tfaH
country, Ireland should bear her portion of its calamitous re*
suits, and have the horrors of insolvency entailed upon it aft
Well as ourselves. It would indeed be extraordinary, if Ireland
suffered no evil to counterbalance the advantage she possessed
in bemg governed by our popular Regent y assisted by the wis-
dom of oaterdightened Peerage, and by the virtue and patriot-
ism of (rdr ttnbougkt and pure House of Commons ! Mr. Ensot
las been so unmindful of these singular blessings as to make nb
mention of them: although he says enough upon the subject
of finance, to shew how fetal our political system has been to
the prosperity and independence of Ireland. He observes —

'* Mc, FitsgeMdd, in his speech on the Irish budget^ stated 'that
At net revenue of Ireland was ^5,350,000 ; he calculated the
expenditure for this year, 1814, would amount to j^4,556,68^
that is, the expenditure nearly trebles the repemie in the present year of
proclaimed peace' Mr. Fitzgerald having stated the excess, adde<f>
at the same time, ' he oould not but reflect that the systeih of indul-
gence which up to this time had been adopted towards I inland, had
enabled her now the more easily to bear the Weight he #its about to
cast upon her.' — The system ^Muigmce! What! mingle fiiree with
tragedy, and nmke irony minister to panegyric? Oh, the aniMftiiig
tendemeas of Bngland in impoeing debl on Ireland ! "

We are equally at a loss with our author to (Bscover in what
.this amazing indulgence may eon»st. It was unbecoming in
the hoDoumbie gentleihan to be jocose upon so iutaiiy-serious
a sutnect. What ! tslk of indulgence when he announces to the
people of Ireland that the disastrous system of government ha!^
Imposed on them an annual e)q>entliture of above fourteen
minions and a half! a sum but two millions short of the
amount (ft the expenditufe of Bngfoiid before the war !

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SB Ensor*a Obsendtums on the SMe bflrekmdi

, ** The system of indulgence to Ireland! the chariness of Etig^
land, her gloating fondness for her sister was unconsciously de-**
veloped by this ingenious orator and financier, Mr.Fitzgerald, when
he stated, ' since the Union, Ireland had made greater efforts thatt
she jever did before. For thirteen years previous . to that events
her total expenditure was only ^39,000,000 : during the thirteea
subsequent years her expenditure was s^l 16,000,000/ Mark this
systematic indulgence, and thrice mark, that with the Union she
began to expend more than thrice as much as she had done pre*
vious to the Union."

* A very suitable subject this surely for exultation! the Irish
Chancellor of the Exchequer must have committed a wofiil
hhknder in selecting this as a pleasing topic* Possibly minis-
ters may pique themselves upon our heavy taxation, and we
*$haU behold them triumphantly boasting of the rapid encreasc
of our national expenditure, and the enormous amount of our
public debt. We shall pursue this portion of our subject no
further. It is one of the wnmioxdMe grievances of which Ire-
land has to complain. An imion with this country must, from the
mischievous system adopted by our cabinet, produce irretriev-
able ruin to the finances of any nation under its control. Let
JUS rather turn our attention to those evils which are more rea-
dily susceptible of improvement, and which sooner or later
^mmt be redressed.
^ Our author next discusses the qualities of the Peace Bill,

'*' By this,*' he remarks, *' seven magistrates signifying that a
county or barony is disturbed, authorize the Lord Lieutenant to
nominate a magistrate with 0^00 a year, with a house and offices>
his clerk having ^150 a year, his head constable having sSlOO,
and his petty constables <^50 a year each. These several sums are
to be presented by the grand jury preliminary to any other business,
and to be raised off the proclaimed district. This is a summary of
the Peace Bill 3 and yet it would have been satisfactory, if Mr.
JPeel had shewn in what degree this column of magistrates and
constables, placed and supported in the proclaimed district, differs
fro];n a detachment of troops punishing a rebellious people by en-
joying the licence of free quarters from their commander. I
shall state one particular in which it disagrees froin it. When
Yree quarters are granted to mercenaries, the great miyority of the
people is esteemed hostile, but in all the imputed disturbances U>
parts of Ireland, the offenders with respect to the population, are few.
It follows then, that to mulct all for the offence of a few, exceeds
the summary vengeance hardly permitted by the usages of war;
indeed it inverts i^e judgment of Courts Martial; for as these pu-
nish by dechnation when many are guilty, that for the offence of
aome^ perhaps included within the decimal number^ punish^

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jEn»or*s iXaervaticm en the State of Ireland. 99

tihimsandfl. Suppose a county procbdmed, and that the magiB**
trate and his auxiliaries have b^un their €ampaign,when may we
expect that peace will be restored ? It appears that this aggregate
body of laws, and. equity, and magistracy, and constables, are not
to be paid by the job like free hands, but that like crown vassals
they are to work and be paid by the year 3 at all events, it is to their
Annual benefit and superin tendance that this measure is directed.
We may conclude then that perfect peace will not be the primary
object of these magistrates and constables, when peace is tp
|K)und a requiem to their dignity and interest/*

' Otir author does not argue unnaturally in imputing to every
'bodyof men the desire to hold their places as long as they can.
No doubt need be entertained, that should any districts be pro-
claimed, at the instigation of any trading justices, those
appointed to act under the Peace Bill, would be imder no
anxiety to deprive themselves of a lucrative employment, in
order to relieve the people from the weight of their support.

We have given a full outline of the Peace Bill, in order that
those who think with Mr. Fitzgerald, that a system of in-
dulgence has been pursued towards Ireland, may judge whether
this act be not sufficient to keep the people in subjection. No
sooner had it passed the British legislature, than the cause
of humanity was outraged by the introduction of another
and more violent measure, namely, the Insurrection Biix.
The Peace Bill was brought forward at the close of the session,
when the Irish members, jaded by an irksome and nugatory
attendance, had dispersed. This too was the period chosen by
Mr. Peel for introducing the Insurrrection Bill. The Peace
£ill was introduced on the 27th of June, and had no sooner
passed than the Insurrection Bill followed, which was proposed
by the Irish Secretary on the 8th of July. It is rather extraor-
dinary, that in the short period of eleven days, the state of Ire-
'land should have so materially altered; or, that the opinions of
government should so change, as to occasion the introduction
•of this second measure of severity. The observations of Mr.
■ Peel in moving for his Peace Bill were of so opposite a tendency^
that no such apprehension could be entertained; he observed,
** that the laws were already strong enough in Ireland, and
that to enforce their execution was all that was necessary.'^
• He then enumerated the White Boy Act; the act for sending
-^^trangers out of the country who cannot give account of them-
.^Ives; the searching for arms act; and the act for making the
.^davit of a dead man evidence upon trial for murder. Does
.thi« evince any brooding necessity, any necessity for recurring to
MSf^re hwBl Jbirectly &c reverse :f-*und surely if severity could

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80 Emar^s Obien^aUffM m ihe SMc qftrdeofti.

prevail^ this catalogue of coercive statutes would be suAeient
\Ye wUl eiKiuire into the ground for this sudden alteration of
opinion, which we cannot do more judiciously than by extract-*
ing the words of our author. He observes —

*' Mr. Peel founded the revival of the Insurrection Act xtpan
recent information. He said^ * since he had last addressed the
House on this subject^ he had endeavoured to collect information
fipom every quarter as to the state of Ireland, and it was with
particular pain he had now to state, that the disturbances which
existed were of a most alarming description.* Mark, — ^he last ad-
dressed the house the ^7th of June, and this alarming account waa
delivered the 8th July, — the dates are most material. Mark, also,
that having introduced his Peace Bill to the House of Commons,
he then, and not before, as it should seem, proceeds to collect
information from all quarters. And what wds the amount Of
Mr. Peel's newly colletted information on the alarming disturb*
ances in Ireland } a letter from a magistrate in the county of
Roscommon, anonymously introduced to inatmct the House of
Commons, and ' a letter from a magistrate of equal authority^
Mr. Maycock, of the county of Westmeath j and a third ktter
of Mr. Wilkes, which stated that four persons were carded ; after
which relation, Mr. Peel explained the process of carding, to
quicken the sensibilities and the decision of the House. He also
mentioned a sort of story, rather old to be sure, of some two or
three alarming rebels who had sworn allegiance to Bonaparte.
But the most capital part of these just-imported documents, which
proved the present alarming disturbances in Ireland, he thn»
introduced, — ' he had in his hand a memorial, dated November
S9th, 1813, signed by thirty-six magistrates of the county of
Westmeath, stating that the most daring outrages were commit-
ted in open day,* and this was followed by ' a series of resolutions
passed at the lent assizes in March last)* and what had ettfaer the
memorial or resolutions to do with the alleged instant disturbed
state of Ireland } Yet, to ground the passing of the Insurrection
Act, these resolutions in November 1813, and those which fol-
lowed them in March, were purposely displayed as evincing
' that the disturbances which existed were of a very alarming
description.* **

No one will say, that these were sufficient motiTes fer the
adoption of so formidable a measure as the Insmrrection Bill^
brought forward too at the close of a session, when many of the
Irish members were returned to their homes* Mr, Bnsor oooan
plains With great justice on this occasion; the Bill having been
introduced but twenty-two days before the prorogaliony and
passed even after the Helstone Election Bill had been post^
pooed to another session^ for want of time to dkcuaa its mefito.

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BMAr'i ObHrmiianig on th^ State qf keland. 3 1

Sttdi^ he my^i k the stale of Ireland in consequence of the
UnioDy wUch has «o degraded his coiintry in tiie concerns of
Ibe eaapirf^ diat the pretensions of a corrupt bcM'ough in
England are treated with m<Nre circumspection thaa the righta
and liberties of nkl Ireland.

Our author concludes his animated wc^k with a dissertation
OD the Union. We shall not enter upon this subject. Our object
ii not to dwell on those measures of government the investiga-
tion of which Will degrade it, without producing any useful end«
To descant^ therefore,' on the iiraud^ intrigue^ and perfidy em-
ployed to effect the Union, would be a work of supererogation*
Our desire is only to point out those abuses that imperatively call
for redress, and which must eventually obtain it. To this oh*.
ject we have followed Mr. Ensor through his interesting publi-
cation, and selected the prominent parts forobaervation. Until
a reform shall take place in the Irish government, it is obvious
that England can never be at ease, nor Ireland happy. It is by
timely concession only that ministers can give satisfaction to
the people, or do justice to the character of the nation which is
disgraced by their want of principle. Surely there has been
sufficient axpmence of the inutility of coercive measures*
Have not the Irish been victims to partial, sanguinary, and des-
potic proceedings, since they were first under the dominion of
Britain? and has this systematic severity been attended with
the smallest portion of success? On the contnuy, it has gene- .
Eated a national disatisfaction, wliilst the unbending hearts of the
people remain unsubdued, and nobly resolve on their country's \
fireedom.

It is astofiishiiigi that in the midst of this state of unceasing
liostility between the government and the Irish nation, no want
^loyalty should be manifested by the people; indeed, their ser-
vices have been eminently useful in bringing to a successful
^oseour late unnatural and unjust war. This reflection, cou-
pled with the certainty, that coercion will never subjugate the
nmdf of the Irish, or soften the acerbity of their dispositions,
^ught to produce an alteration in the system hitherto pursued.
If harsh measures do not succeed, it is policy to try milder.
The es^perienoe of some centuries will prove that Ireland is not
to be governed successfully by the former niode.

It is not, however, without the sincerest satisfaction, that we
observe the influence of opinion gravitating towards the release of
Ireland fron her unjust restrictions. The cause of liberty must
gain ground where the people will their own freedom : and with
the powerful assistance of such men as Mr. Ensor appealing to

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S2 Q>rm(»ck'9AccoimioftheAb9Mm€^Fima^

the reason and humanity of tile thiaking part of the emfSi^^
Ireland must yet work her gradual but certain emsBcipafcioii.

Mr. Elisor is so universally respected ftom tike celebrity of
his former pttblicattons, that our tribute of praise for the exeri*
lence of the work before us will be unnecessary. We trust he"
will not relax in his noUe and well intentioned eiSoits for the
deKverance of his country. In oloring our lemarks on the work
before us^ it must be observed^ that no mention has been made of
the great questbn of religious tolenttion^ which generated (he
system of oppression we have justd^cted. We shall, however^
in our next call the reader's attention to an excellent pamphlet
written upon that division of thia subject by the same eloquuit
author. a.

Art, III. — Accownt of the Abolition of Female Infantidde m tlie
Gvtzurat} with Considerations on the Question ^promoting the
Gospel in India, By John Cormacr^ A. 31. Minister of Stow.
Pp. 427. Black and Co. 1815.

SuRBLY the Recording Angel has made honourable mention
in the Heavenly Book of the people who snatched the millions
of Africa from the gripe of Slavery : and if he cannot inscribe
our seizure of Indian sovereignty on the same resplendent page^
still our abolition of the monstrous crime which fcHrms the prin-*
dpal subject of the work before us will, we hope, mitigate the
severity of the Divine Verdict, and at the termination of Time,
incline the God of Mercy to listen in our behalf to the pleadings
of those who will have owed their past existence to British hu-
manity.

It is yet, perhaps, unknown to many of our readers, that in
certain parts of the East, India and China* more especially,
thousands of female children were, in the latter country are still,
annually devoted to destruction. These murders were usually
perpetrated in Hindustan by casting the inftint victims into the
consecrated river,* in parts to which the crocodile and sharic
were accustomed to resort, in expectation of their hmnian prey.

Infanticide is said to have originated among the Jahrqahs,
who, rather than that their daughters should become the vic-
tims of Muhammedan licentiousness, put them to death with
their own hands. On the invasion of Hindustan by the Gaz-
navide Dynasty, the Mflslinis demanded the daughters of the

• The Ganges. Thii stream is supposed by tbe Hhidtui to flew from tb^
mouth of a Cow-^oix holy aoimal^ th« Jfyit of India.

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Onrnack's Jcc(mntqf the AlH>Utim of Female Infa^^ 3S

Kajahs in marriage. A demand of this nature, in a country
where matrimonial connections between the various tribes are so-
lemnly interdicted by religious law, could not but fill tlic Rajahs
with grief and horror. Fearful that violence might be em-
ployed to extort what was refused both by inclination and the
sacredness of custom^ they replied^ that th^ did not rear daugh"
ters. They assembled a council of their priests (Raj-gurs),
and consulted them on the best means of securing themselves
and their posterity from alliances so odious to their feelings
and policy. Their priestly advisers counselled the death of
the female children as soon as born, and took upon themselves
the responsibility of the guilt incurred by so unnatural a crime.
Be this true or false, certain it is, that infanticide existed in
India till it was at length suppressed by Providence through the
agency of an Englishman. This worthy individual, Colonel
Walker, being called among these barbarians in 1807} by his
official duties, received among other accounts the following re-
lation from a Nagur Brahmin.

'' When the wives of Jah-rejah Rajaputes are delivered of daugh-
ters, the women, who happen to be with the mother, repair to the
oldest man in the house. This person desires them to go to him
who is the father of the infant, and to do as he directs. On this
the women go to the father, who desires them to do as is cus-
tomary. The women then repair to the mother, and tell her to
act in conformity to their usage. The mother next puts opium
on the nipple of her breast^ which the child inhales with the milk,
and dies.'*

We are told of an Indian chieftain, whom Colonel Walker
visited, named Hootagce, who, in defiance of this custom, pre-
served his children. This man was a professed robber — fero-
cious in aspect — a being, to conclude, in whose heart all the
softer virtues might be supposed extinct. Nevertheless, he
possessed a superior mind, and exquisite feelings: — ^in fine,
Hootagee would have conferred honour on a high rank, even in
a civilized nation. He presented his two daugh^t^, between
six and eight years of age, to Colonel Walker, who carried
them to the camp of Kittywar. By their father's consent they
were vaccinated. The colonel was deeply afiected by the fond-
ness displayed by Hootagee for these, his rescued children, and
observed with emotion the vivid demonstrations of the chief-
tain's parental love and exidtation. Yet Hootagee appeared to
adhere outwardly to the long-established custom of his country.
His daughters wore turbans. They were clad in male attire,
and were considered as the sotis of the chief. They appeared

Crit. Kbv. Vol. II. July^ 1815. E •

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34 CAmnacVs Accmirtt of the AboliiMn of Female Infanticide.

fearful of a disclosure of their sex, of which they seemed
ashamed. They seriously and earnestly assured Colonel Wal-
ker that they were not girls ; and appealed to their father in
support of their allegation. Thus did Hootagee, by a pious
fraud, at once preserve the lives of his children, and apparent
obedience to the institutions of his country.

It may be naturally inquired how population can be con-
tinued, where the infimt females are destroyed? Perhaps an
artifice similar to that recorded of the chieftain, Hootagee, was
frequently employed for the preservation of so large and im-
portant a part of the nation. Yet this, if not generally had re-
course to, would scarcely supply a sufficient number of females.
Perhaps, the principle that urged the Jah-rejahs to destroy
their children, rather than yield them to the embraces of their
invaders, might suggest intermarriages with other tribes, which,
though fbrbidden by law, was justified on the score of neces-
sity.

The consummation of Colonel Walker's humane endeavours
is well described. It is simple, — truth needs no ornament.

" Towards the close of 1809," says our author, " Colonel Wal-
ker made, a halt at Dherole, where such an investigation was in-
stituted as circumstances admitted. The instances reported in his
list, ' fell,* says he, ' under ray own direct observance. On my halt
at Dherole,' he adds, ' I had all those in the immediate neighbour-
hood, who were capable of attending, brought to my tentj and
many were too young to be brought any distance. It was ex-
tremely gratifying, on this occasion, to observe the triumph of
nature, feeling, and parental affection, over prqudice and a horrid
superstition i and that those who, but a short period before, would,
as many of them had done before, have doomed their infants to
destruction without compunction, should now glory in their pre-
servation, and doat on them with fondness. The list referred to
contains the names of thirty-two families, who had daugliters
born to them within that period, to which the engagement ex-
tended, and then alive. It is peculiarly gratifying to add, that
they have been all preserved, and that no instance of a contrary
nature had been discovered. The knowledge of the fact of course
acquired publicity, and collected to this interesting spectacle such
English officers and gentlemen as were then in the neighbourhood.
An approximation may be made by imagination to what followed,
but it is beyond the power of description. To say that parents,
accustomed to murder their female infants without compunction
at their birth, * now gloried in their preservation, and doated on
them with fondness,' is still an inadequate account of the actual
sbene. The rapturous bursts of parental feeling and tenderness,
the transports of maternal affection for the little babes^ torn, as it

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Brown* s Historical Enquiry. 35

were, from the jaws of death, acquiring immeaaurahle excitement
from seeing now, for the first time, the person who had conferred
on them so many benefits, constituted altogether something truly
grand and aifecti ng. Overcome with affection and gratitude, the
mothers brought forward their children, and placing them in Col.
Walker's hands, called them his children, for that to him they owed
their existence, and invoked Heaven and him to protect them.
The female children of some families were taught, sm the first ar«
ticulate sounds they uttered, to say, ' Colonel Walker saved vie,' "

The difficulties which the Colonel encountered in the exe-
cutioa of his benevolent purpose are too numerous for us to
analyse. Suffice it to remark, tliat his labours were eventually
crowned with success; and that there is every reason to sup-
pose this unnatural practice no longer exists in India.

Mr. Cormack is sanguine in his hopes, that the law of Christ
will supersede the doctrines of Brahma. However greatly this is
to be desired, insuperable difficulties, we think, are interposed
between the wish and its accomplishment. The prejudices of
the Hindds, and the fear of forfeiture of caste, form, we fear,
objections scarcely to be overcome.

We have felt much interest in the perusal of Mr. Cormack's
work. The volume contains much pleasing information, and
frequently exhibits striking originality of remark. a.

Art. IV. — An Historical Inquiry into the Ancient Ecclesiastical Juris-
diction of the Crown: commencing iclth the Period in which Great
Britainformed a Part of the Roman Empire, By James Baldwin
Brown, Esq. of the Inner Temple. Author of ' An Historical Account
of the Laws enacted against the Catholics, both in England arid Ire-
land: Vol. I. — Part. I. The Reign of the Emperor Constantine the
Great, 8vo. Pp. 236. Underwood. 1815.

X HIS volume forms the foundation-stone of an elaborate su-
perstructure intended both as a repository of the various events
scattered in history relative to the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of
the crown, from the commencement of the reign of Constan-
tine the Great to the period of the Reformation, and as a synop-
sis of the evidence calculated to prove the invariable exercise
of spiritual supremacy by the sovereigns of England, ante*-
cedently to the parliamentary recognition of the king as head
of the church, by 26 Hen. 8, c. 1. The motive inductive of
the undertaking is stated, in an advertisement subtixed to tlie
present part, to be *' to convince the Catholics, that the secu-
rity required of them, in reserving to the crown a veto on the

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36 Brown's Historical Enquiry.

appointment of their bishops^ and a proper controul over their
communications with the Papal see^ m matters of external regu-
lation^ is quite consbtent with the interference of the supreme
secular magistrate in the concerns of the church, from the
period at which it was first united with the state, under their
favourite Emperor Constantine the Great, to the moment when
the Roman Catholic Faith ceased to be the established religion
of the country.'*

The question of Catholic Emancipation, a question on the
equitable decision of which depend some of the first interests of
the state, and the tranquillizing of the bitter heart-burnings
which have long distracted a considerable portion of our fellow
countrymen, has so ineffectually though so frequently been sub-
mitted to the judgment of the legislature, that we are by no means
at a loss to account for the persevering exertions of those, who,-
equally zealous in the cause of national security and sectarian
liberty, feel that neither can rest on a solid basis, until prejudice
yield to reason, and persecution to toleration. We say **per-
secution,'* because where privation of civil rights, rights gua-
ranteed to all by the constitution, is made a consequence of
the overt profession of a certain system of theology, a system
which has been solemnly proved not inimical to the welfare of
society, there it is cruel mockery to assert, that there exists any
thing approximating substantial toleration.

Were this activity on a subject so momentous, to experience
decline ; were the spirit of tnie patriotism which animated a
Fox, a Burke, and a Grattan, to advocate a question of such
national rectitude and importance, to cease to operate ; little
indeed should we think of the state of public morals, little
indeed of the permanent stability of our own most valued pri-
vileges. Any thing, therefore, having a tendency to straighten
the crookedness of impolicy and shorten the reign of prescrip-
tive bigotry, we hail as indicative of the action of that whole-
some energy, which in the persons of those eminent characters
stood as a check to oppression, and under the auspices of which,
the triumph of justice over injustice, of the soundness of truth
over the rottenness of advantageously-posted fallacy, must ulti-
mately be achieved. And though, for our own parts, we
should at all times be disposed to discuss this topic simply on its
intrinsic and individual merits, on the broad and general ground
of its real justice and expediency, it is nevertheless our opinion,
that labours like those of the author before us are highly mere-
torious, and well adapted to assist in the accomplishment of
the end in view; because we are fully aware, that, in all
measures of state-policy, particularly in those in which are

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Brown's HUtcrical Enquiry. 37

embodied considerations of a religious nature, notliing is more
anxiously regarded than the punctilios of precedent, notliing
on which the partiality of the disputants on either side more
pertinaciously fiisten, or has greater share in the eventual suc-
cess or rejection of the proposition, than the conduct pursued
on similar occasions by our ancestors.

When we contemplate the genz/ine spirit of our constitution, a
spirit well worthy the noble exertions of the admirable men who
gave it birth^ — when we meditate on the various enlightened
meliorations which successively distinguished its progress^
from the Petition of Right to about the middlp of the present
reign — when the rapid diffusion of liberal principles, the steady
advance of general knowledge, and the inquisitiveness into po-
litical science which marked the whole course of that period,
pass in review before our minds, we find ample matter for
unmixed eulogy. Far different however is the result, when
we direct our attention to the other side of the picture, —
when we look on those pages of our statute book, which, setting
the seal of infamy and proscription on whole classes and deno*
minations, not only exclude them from the honourable distinc-
tions of public trust and state dignity, (all of which are acces*
sible to the other orders of the community, however hete-
rogeneous their religious persuasions,) but inflict on them
cruelly- vindictive penalties for performing the most endearing
social as well as civil duties.*
— ■ ,. ■■■ , — , ii I ■ . I ■ ■■ , ,1,

* That the reader in«y be capable of foBy nppreriatin j this remark, we

?uote from Mr. Brovvn's ** Historical Account of tho Laws enacted aj^ainst the
!atholies in England and Ireland/' a compendium of their still existing
dUabiiitieg.

" Cwliolics" (say»hp) *< cannot sit la Parliament; or (wnr) hold any office in
or under the gfovernment : be admitted into any corporation ; or CnorJ present
to any ecclesiastical Ijenefice. Their priests are not allowed the celebration of
their rites, but agreeably- to the restrictions of the English Act 31 G. 3. c. 31.
and the correspondent provisions of the Irish statute; nor can (Catholic
schoolmasters take Protestants scholars. The professors of this religion are
prevented from makhig any endowment of a School or college, for the purpose
ofedncatmg children in their faith. Catholic soldiers by the snnnal mutiny
acte refusing to frequent the church of ]£ngland worship, when ordered to do
so, are liable to the penaltv of one shilling, and for the second offence to the
same fine, and to be laid in irons for tWetve hDar6.(l) These disabilities are
common to England and Ireland ; but in addition to them the Catholics of this
kingdom are prevented from voting at elections for Members of Parliament, a
privilege which those of the sister kingdom enjoy on their producing a certi-

(1.) £jf th£ second section of the Articles of PFar, any soldier ^^ if he should
disoJtey atuf lawful commatid of his superior officer, sJtoll staffer death, or suck
oilter punkkmenl as by a general coitri meuikU shall he awarded** Heuce U will
appear^ ibtU the refuwtg to freyuemi the estabUehed churchy (which would be
considered a lawfuX command) may subject the Catholic sotdier to ity: punishment
of death, merely for refusing to attend t?i<; celebration of religious rites in which
ie could not consdentiouslyJHn,

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38 BrowrCs lEstorical Enquiry.

It is, indeed, impossible for a mind imbued with the slight-
est tincture of consistency and reason, to reflect on this scene
with feelings other than those of disgust and execration ; —
to take a retrospect of our legislation for the last liundred and
fifty years — to see on the one hand the light of virtue, on the
other the darkness of iniquity, directing the course of the
national counsels — to discover incorporated in the same code,
enactments auspicious to the cause of liberty, and laws de-
structive of its best principles, without emotions of mingled
astonishment and abhorrence. And while every one must
know and acknowledge the conspicuous excellence of many of
our legal provisions, no one whose morals are incorrupt, whose
political wisdom is unperverted, can, we think, regard this
anomalous conduct of our forefathers with respect or satisfac-
tion. A deep blot remains to be effaced from the annals of the
country; — ^a blot as disgraceful to the character of its authors,
as fatal to the welfare of those whose rights it extinguishes —
a blot which we trust it is reserved for the patriotism and
honour of no very distant age, to effectually and permanently
cancel. ^^ Ea est summa ratio et sapientia boni dvis cammoda
civinmnon diveUerey atque omnes equitate eadem continere^* is a
maxim of civil policy fundamental and immutable, and ought
to be the cardinal regulator of the actions of every govern*
ment.

licate of their having taken the dkihs of 13. and 14 G. 3. c.35. and 33 G. 3.
c. 21.

** In Ireland no Catholic priest under any circamstances can be ^ardian to
any child, nor can lay Catholics be p^^ardians to the child of a Protestant. The
celebration of marriage between two Protestants, or a Protestant and a Catholic,
by a Catholic clergymen, is punbhable with death. (1) Catholics cannot there
keep arms, unless they have a freehold of 10/. per annum, or a personal estate
of 300/. nor can they vote at vestries relating to the repair of any church.
The whole of the rigorous penal code, which the various acts of this reign have
repealed, are still in force against all those who do not take the oath of ^1 G.
3, c. 33, or 13 and 14 G. 3, c. 35, in Ireland. In the latter country the oath oi
33 G. 3, c. 31, is also required to be taken by barristers, attorneys, &c. and
by those who are elected professors of medicine on Sir Patrick Dunne's
foundation ; there also Catholics are excluded from holding the office of go-
vernor, deputy-governor, or director of the bank."

(1.) Such at least is the language of 23 G. 2, c, 10. By a clause ^ however ^
in the 32 G.SfC. 21. the person celebrating such marriage is sul(jeet to a penaity
€tf 500/. BtU as the former statute is not to this day repeated^ it has been
more than once decided by the late Lord KihvardeHy and other of tJte Irish
ivdgesj thai it is still in force. Of the correctness of this decision I believe
there is some doubt, as the mqfority of our law authorities, in the construction of
penal statutes, contend that the infUctwn of a lesser punishment y on the commisskm
of any crime, is a virtual repeal of the Iteavier penalty,

• Cicdeofficiis. 2.33.

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Braum's IBstcrical Enquiry. 39

Though it is not our design^ in the present instance, to en-
ter upon a refutation of the specious reasoning employed by
the adversaries of Catholic enfranchisement, we shall yet oc-
cupy 8 few moments in exposing an artifice, to which they re-
sort at all times, but more especially when discussing the politi-
€al branch of the question; — an artifice by which they seduce
many well-intentioned persons, and too successfully parry the
weightiest and most cogent ratiocination. It is the constant
practice of these gentlemen to assume, as an admitted fact, that
the accession of Catholics to posts of state responsibility — ^to
offices in the ministerial department — to the functions of privy-
councillors— or the duties of members of parliament, would
be altogether incompatible with the genius of the constitu-
tion, and prove perilous to the vital interests of the country,
and then to shew, or attempt to shew, (which in their eyes are
one and the same) that rejection of the prayers of the Catho-
lics, and jealousy of the arguments by which they are sup-
ported, are dictated by absolute necessity, and the soundest
political wisdom. Now this, it will readily be seen, is built
upon an hypothesis for which there is not even the shadow of
a foundation ; vis. that the Catholics petition for positive en-
joyment of power — ^1. e. election to places of trust. Without
demandingwhether a Protestant King who has sworn to '* main-
tain the Protestant reformed religion established by law, and
preserve unto the bishops and clergy of this realm, and to the
churches committed to their charge, all such rights and privi-
leges as by law, do or shall appertain unto them, or anyof them,'*
could possibly be induced to violate the oath, on an adherence to
which solely depends the tenure of his crown, at the suggestion of
those of his ministers whose spiritual faith is directly adverse to
his own? — without enquiring whether it be not beyond the range
of probability, that the admission of a few Catholics into the Re-
presentative Assembly of the nation, would work any dire mis-
chief, or be capable of operating in the way of any thing like a
counterpoise to the numerous Protestant members? — we assert,
without fear of contradiction, that the Catholics seek not for
election ; — tlie whole sum of their desires is eligibility. All
they solicit at the hands of the legislature, is the erasure of
that stigma which marks them out a proscribed and alien peo-
ple— all they solicit is the removal of those impediments which
prevent the sovereign from calling their talents into action,
(should he be disposed so to do) and the commonwealth from
reaping the advantages of their prowess, deliberation, and ad-
vice. Surely this puts the question in its proper light — a light
in which it is incumbent on those to view it, who profess to

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40 Brcwn'sIEttcnicQl Enquiry M

bring to its consideration, minds influenced only by sentiments
of justice and rectitude. And though it may be alleged, that,
so regarded, the claims of the Catholics are merely nominal,
it should always be remembered that that is the case with nearly
half the prerogatives of mankind. The political immunities of
the great mass of Englishmen have their root in the legal
competency to attain the most elevated stations in society, (be-
low the kingly authority,) notwithstanding it is morally impos-
sible they should ever be possessed by the people at large.
And the Protestant is a happier being than the Catholic, simply
from the eligibility to <^ces of state with which he is clothed
by the constitution.

The substance of the volume before us, consists of a brief,
narration of the rise of the Donatist Schism, — ^The proceed-
ings on that subject of the Emperor Constantine and the eecle*
siastical conclaves convoked by him — ^the history of the Artan
Heresy — a copious fund of collateral and authoritative infor-
mation in the shape of notes, together with an appendix of
some very rare and curious documents— epistolary, decretal,
judicial, &c. &c. Throughout the whole of the undertaking,
we have pleasure in observing, Mr. Brovm evinoes considerar
ble research, learning, and ingenuity. He has directed his
enquiries to the most authentic sources-— embodied all that is
valuable and important to the topics treated upotv^-^ind collated
and corrected with great skill many opinions and assertions of
the earlier writers of the church, as well as thosie of subse-
quent commentators. The phraseology is in genetal neat,
concise, and luminous, and reflects much credit on liis literary,
abilities and acquirements.

. We shall quote Mr. Brown^s summary of the ^^ points'*
established by the facts of tlie Donatist Scliism ^^ in favour of
the ancient ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the crown, in matters
of external, and in some instances of internal, regulation/'

'' First, That bishops, and others of the inferior orders of the
clergy, who had to complain of their brethren for having violated
an ecclesiastical regulation, by paying obedience to a civil law of
the empire, or otherwise, did hot scruple to prefer their accusa-
tions before a secular magistrate, not even of necessity a Christian.

" Second, That where these complaints, either at the solicitation
of the parties, or at the discretion of the proconsul, or prefect,
were referred to the emperor, their investigation was conducted
by those ordinary rules of justice which governed the decision of
temporal causes, without being marked by any particular respect
to the clergy, who, from the highest to tlie lowest rank, were in
turn alike the accusers, or the accused 3 Ihe voluntary, or reluc*

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Brawn^s HUtcricai Enquby, 41

tant witnesses against thieir'%f«t]iren^ of taperior^ equals or infe-
rior rai^ to ^emsdves.

'' Tliird, That where the parties^ in a dispute on matters of
external ecclesiastical regulation^ preferred their complaints be-
fore an ijkferior secular magistrate, with a request that their accu-
sations might be transmitted to the emperor, the ecclesiastical
judges granted to them at their solicitation, derived their autho-
rity from the precept of the supreme secular magistrate by which
they were convened, and their information in the cause from the
report of the proceedings in the proconsular, or other secular
courts, which he transmitted to them ; and from the thd voee ex^
aikiiiia^n of the parties, and their witnesses, brought before tiiem
by an imperial citation.

- ** Fourth,- That this accordance with the request of ^e derical
complainants, on an ecolestastical grievance, that the emperor
would select some of the bishops of a certain province to deter-
mine the matters in dispute between them and their opponents,
was both prayed and granted as a matter of favour to the indi-
viduals petitioning for it, and neither claimed nor conceded as a
right, or privilege of the order to which they belonged ; as the ex-
simination of that identical complaint, which (though directly af-
fecting the fMdky of a bishop's election) was said to have been
neglected by the ecelesiastical conomissloners so appointed to de-
tenniiie it, Was icftarwards remanded to the tribunal of a secular
magisttraHe. '

** Filth, That where, on complaint of noi^-eompliance on the
part of the commissioners, with the directions given to them, the
emperor, to preserve the peace of the church, which he frequently
asserted to be committed (as the conduct of the clergy during his
reign proves that they believed it to have been committed) to his
care, summoned a council, or large assembly of ecclesiastics, to
give the cause referred to their decision a rehearing, the number
of deputies from the various churches who sat there, and the
length of time they should continue to sit as judges, was regu-
kt^ by the precepts which he directed to their prelates, whilst
their vdiry syn^idicsyi letter acknowledges that they were met toge-
ther in compliance with his will.

' *' Sixth, That where the decision of a council, or large assem-
bly of ecclesiastical commlssionerSi was dissatisfactory to one of
the parties. With the determination of whose differences it was in-
trusted, a direct appeal was made to the emperor in person.

" Seventh, .That on sttch appeal being made, the emperor com-
manded both the appellant and respondent clergy to quit their
dioceses and charges, tmd together with their witnesses, to travel
to and fro to wait his convenience in hearing it, and even caused
some of them to be put Under restraint, and to be conducted to
the town in which he meant to de<;ide the cause^ in the safe cus-
tody of secular officers.

*' Eighth; That after having directed the hearing of such ap>

Crit. Rbv. Vol, II. July, 1815. F

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42 Brou^'9 Sigtorical Wifquirff^

peal from the solemn decjaion ef 9 ^ovmcH, of kuf|^ bodj of eo*
desiastics/ before secular officers of his own appointineiitj tht
emperor vemaaded the parties te his pr^fenoe, and rehefunl a caiue,
evidently relating to matters of chvfcrclx<it8dplinej which had been
twice 4etennined by the mature deliberatAon of eccksiasUcal com-
missioneic 5 he having no clerical, or other assistance in conduct-
ing this examination, but the return of the proceedings before
these commissioners, and the proconsular acts in an essential part
of the same cause.

" Ninth, That the judgment thus pronounced by the emperor
was final, and admittWl of no further appeal.

*' Tenths That having acquitted th^ respondent on this appeti of
the breach of ecclesiastical discipline laid to his cliaige, the em-
peror punished the apellaat bishops for their icr^gnlar and schis-
m^tical conduct, (for there was no pretence to charge them with
a violation of any civil law of the empire,) by confiscating their
goods, confiaiing them in prii9a> or sending thtoi into exile, at
a commutation of the punishment of death, with which, pre*
viously to entering on the appeal, he threatened to visit which*
ever party he should find disturbing the peace of the churchy

** Eleventh, That notwithstanding thie distinct and deliherato
sentence of cpndemnation passed by two large assemblies of tbQ
highest prelates in the church, and his confirmation of that sea*
tence on the appeal made to himself in person, the emperor
recalled those wiioin he had sent into exile on account of their
schism, and permitted bishops and priests, whom the orthodox
clergy had deposed and excommunicated, to return to their seea
and churches, without the intervention of any synod, or eodefttaa*
tical assembly whatever.

"Twelfth, That the emperor required and received the ^ame
compliance witli his commands, and submi^ion to his authority^
from the bishops and clergy of his dominiou3> , which he required
and received from bi^ other subjects; their imu)uaity f rom the dis-
charge of secular offices being derived from concessions, limited
in the extent of their operation, by the opinion which he had
formed of the compliance of one of the opposing parties with the
established rules of ecclesiastical discipline; their attendance as well
on his secular courts, as in the ecclesiastical assaoEiblies which ha
convened to determine their differences, being required and enforced
in th^ same authoritative langmige, and by the same compukory
measures, as those which he adopted to enforce the attendance ik
secular persona, in causes purely of a secular nature; their pm-
perty, public and jprivate^ being liable to confiscation, and their
persons being subject to arrest, imprisonment, banishment, and
even death, in accordance with, or in opposition to, the deciaioa
of ecclesiastical commissioners, legally appointed by himself, and
to that of councils, or pretended councils, composed of the greater
part of the clergy of a large portion of his ep^ire.

" Finally, That there are no traces of any dffitittctioli having

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Mrmn^ Mgi»tciil £M^i^. 48

llMii caisled betiveen the stfpreme fat&d of the cHulNcli aMthe
rapreme head of the state, as the enperor in his charaeter of
giMirdian of the peace of the fbriber, convened those meetings of
ecclesiastics, by whose deliberation he wished the di^mtet that
might arise amongst the clergy of his empire to be determined^
and for this purpose called the prelates and other inferior mem^rs
of that body from the dioceses and charges, at his pleasure, glvinff
them directions for the preservation of order in their sees and
churches, during their absence, through the medium of seculdii
officers, to whose tiibunal these dispXites were 0C(^asional1y refer-
red by his rescri^fe, or originally brought by the clerical com-
plainants themselves. From the decision of these assemblies he
received and heard appeals in causes ecclesiastieal,. at least as they
respected matters of external disctpline, pronouncing a judgment
upon them, from which there lay no appeal. In contradiction
aiso to thebr decision, but to preserve the peace of the church, he
delegated to certain prelates whom he, himself selected, the powe^
of deposing two rival bishops, one of them previously declared to
be orthodox, the other scbismatacalj a commission which these

S relates readily accepted, though their authority to act was solely
erived from die emperor's command$.'*

Of the legitimacy of these deductions we are folly convinced.
What efficacy they may have on minds of the Romish per-
suasion, with respect to the VetOy we cannot venture to say.
We sitieerely wish the CatboRcs would concede that point, be-
cause it is our firm belief, that, by so doing, their cause would
not only obtain vast additional strength, but eventually triumph
over obstacles which may otherwise remain insuperable. Should
they, however, continue to refuse this concession, we should
not, we must confess, perceive the policy of withholding the
rights they demand. They have solemnly abjured the per-
nicious doctrines falsely and wickedly imputed to them. The
ascendancy of the Pope has, we think, been considerably
magnifiied, — but were it as enonnous as the fears of the timid
luid the Lnsmuations of the interested have represented it, we
are still satisfied it would be difficult to shew that they ought
not to participate in our privileges. Wliatever mischief is
dreaded from the influence of their spiritual chief, the country
is liable to, as the matter at present stands ; for to this day he
has the appointment of their bishops;— but the uniform exem-
plary demeanour of the Catholics, th«r constant fulfilment of
the duties of citizenship, and complacent obedience to the be-
hests of the laws, are pledges, sufficiently ample and unques-
tionable, of what we may expect from them, when taken under
the protecting wing of the Constitution. For undoubtedly it
wo]aU.b« to ^y the evidence of our senses to assert, that men

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44 frmimVIKMoncttiAvtirgu

of Icarniiig and enlightened habits are more uwwcceptiwiahlr kk
suffering than when released from persecution: otthal, in ers*
der to preserve harmony in a whole eommuiiity, it is necessary
to bereave a portion of its bonoivs^ and brand it with und^«
served ignominy.

Mr. Brown opens his work with a very interesting though
unexpected document — the Bull of the present Pope for the
restoration of the order of the Jesuits. As this rescript may be
a novelty to most of our readers, and has been deemed worthy
of being laid on the table of Parliament^ we give it oitire.

« BULL OF POPE PIUS VH.

FOR TUB

RESTORATION OF THE ORDER OP JESUITS.

Sanctmimi in Chrvao Patris, et Domini Nostri Domini Pu Db'md
Providentia Papa Sq^timi ConsHiutio qua Sodetas Jem in Statuni
Prisiinum in Vniveno orbe Catholico Restituitur. Rom(s I&T4,
Apud Frcmciscum, etfelicem Lazzar'mu FlorentuB typis RegUe Cel-
siiudim$ Superiorihus Annuentibus.

PIUS EPISCOPUS SERVUS SERVORUM DEI.

AD PERPETUAM RBI MEMORIAM.

*' Sollicitudo omnium Ecclesiarum humilitati Nostras, mentis
licet et viribus imparl, Deo sic disponente concredita, Nos CQgit
omnia ilia subsidia adhibere, qus in Nostra sunt potestate, quae^u^
a Divina Providentia Nobis misericorditer subministrantur, ut
Spiritualibus Christian! Orbis necessitatibus, quantum quidem
diverstty multiplicesque temporum, Locormnque vicissitudines^
ferunty nullo Populorum, et Nationum habito discrimine,^ oppor-*
tune sttbveniamus.

*' Hujua Nostri Pastofalis Officii oneri satisfacere cupientes
statim ac tunc invivis agens Franciscus Kareu^ et alii Ssculares
Presbyteri a pluribus Annis in amplissimo Ru&siaco jnq^erio
eicistentes, et olim addicti Societati Jesu a felicis recordationis
Clemcnte XIV. Pr^^decessore Nostro suppressae, preces l^iobis ob-
tulerunt, quibus facultatem sibi fieri suppllcabaat, ut Auct^ritat^
Nostra in unum Corpus coalescerent, quo facilius JuveoiiUi Fide
mdimentis eriidicudse, et bonis moribus imbuendse es^ .proprii
Instituti ratio ne operam darent^ munus prsdicationis obirent^
Cfmfessionibus excipiendis incumberent, et alia Sacramen^ta ad-
raintstntrent : eorum precibus eo libentius annuendum Nobis esse
duximvs, quod Imperator Paulus Primus tunc temporis Regnan^
eosdem Presbyteros impense Nobis conimeudavisset humanlssimis*
Litteris suis die undecima Augusti Anni Domini Millesimi Octin-^
gesiuii ctd Nos datis, quibus singularem suam erga ipsos. ^e-^
nevolentiam sig^ifieans gratum sibi fore declamhat^si jCatboU*^.

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^ JSnnMilBitoricalEfiqt^ '45

I im^lfi'^itt'boiia Societas Jesu Audtoritate Nostra ibidem
coMlitttBRtiir.

. ff Quapropter Nbs attealo anhno perpendentes quam ingentes
liitUtsOeftiik^mpiisnBaalUasRe^iaiies*^ Evang^lids Operatlid pro-
pemodum destitutas^ essent proventurse^ quantuchque increijiien*
tiim.^usBMMU. Eecleflwtiei Virr« quoriari f^it^ti -mores tantis
Lmdum prseGoniis comxnendabai^H|r^ usudnoiabore, iriteDto itt"
jhitis Animafum procurands «ti|dio^ et iodefesfla Verbi DiTilll
prsedicatione ' Catholicae Religion! essent allatuitJi^ tanti taoiqnft
iieAefid Principis votis obsecundare .rationi consent<kBuetim existi«-
'inai4iiiU9: -Nostris itaqtre in forma Brevis Litteris datis diesep-
thnaMartii Anni Domini Millesimi Octtngentesimi primi predicto
Francisco Karei%--aliiaqae t^ns* Sodtdlbiffi in Rnssiaco Imperid
degentibns, aut qui aliunde illuc se confqrre possent^ facultatem
conces8imt»> nt in unum Corpus seu Congrcgatioaem sooietaiia
Jesu c^ikag^ uniriqtie libemm ipsis esset^ in una vel pluribu^
domibus arbitcio Superioris, intm fines dumtftxat Imperii Russi«>
act designaniQAj atque ejus Coi^rtgatioDis Prsepomtum Gene-
ralem eiimdeni Presbyterum Franciscnm Karen ad Nostrum^* et
&dia Apostolicae beneplacitum deputavimu^ cum facultatibus
necessariifl et opportunism ut Sancti Ignatii de Loyola fiegulam
a felicis recordationis Paulo Tertio Prsdecessore Nostro. Apos-
tolicis iuis . Constitutionibus approbatam; et confirmatam re<*
tinerent et sequerentar: atque ut hocpacto Socii in uno Religioso
Coetu congre^i JuventutiReligioni^ ac bonis Artibtis imbuiendiB
cperam dare^ Seminarian et Collegia regere, et probantibuB acoaa-
flentientibus Locorum Ordinariis Confessiones excipere^ Verbum
Dei annunciare^ et Sacramenta administrare lii>eFe possent; el
congregationem Societatis Jesu sub Nostra et ApostoUca) Sedia
immediata tutela^ et subjectione recepimus^ et que ad illam fir^
matidam et communiendam, atque ab abusibus'et corruptelis,
quae forte in^psissent, repurgandam visum fuisset in Donrino ex*
pedire. Nobis ac Successoribus Nostris pra&scribenda et sancienda
res'ervavimus : atque ad hunc effectum Constitutionibus Apos«^
tolicis, Statutis, consuetudinibus, privilegiis, et Indultis quomo^
dolibet' in contrarium prsamissorum concessis^ et confirmatis,
pnesertim Litteris Apostolicis memorati Clementis XIV« Prasde*
cessorisNostri ineipientibus Dominus, ac Redemptor J^&ster express
derogavimus in iis tantum quae contraria essent dictis Nostris in
Ibnna Breris Litteri^ quarum initium CathoUccB et dumtaxat pro
Ruasiaco linperio elargitis.

"^ Concilia, quffi pro Imperio Russiaco ci^xlendadecrevtnius, ad
utriusqne Sicilias Regnum non ita multo post extendenda cetiBu^'
iilbtks ad preces Charissimi in Christo Pilii Nostri Ferdinandi Regis,
qui a Nobis postulavit^ ut Societas Jesu eo modo> quo in pnefeto
ImpMo stabifita a Nobis fuerat, in sua quoque Ditione ac S(at»> ^
bttif stabiltretur ; quoniam luctuosissimis illis tcmporibus ad Ja«
Tenes/Christktna pietate ac timbre Domini, qui est initium .Sapi^
tttiist, intb/QiandoSm Doctrinaque, et Scientiis instruendos prcsci-

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4$ JBtmon^s IBttorical Enqmry.

qtte it Coilegits^ Schofisqne pablicifl ClericcNrani RegttfauhiB
Societatis Jesu opera uti in primis opportunum ubi arbitittbatnr^.
Ko« ex muoeris Ntisiri Pastofali debito ptis tam Ittiutris Pl*inci-
pis desideriis, qam ad Miyorem Dei Gloriaaa, AnimaraiDque sa*
lutein unice spectab^mt, morem gerere exoptantes Nostras Lit*
teres pro Russiaco Imperio datas ad utriasqae Sicilns Regnmn
cxtendimus novis in siraili forma Breris Litteris incipientibus
Per alias expeditia die Trigeaima Julii anni Domini Millesimi Oc-
iingenteshni Quarti.

** Pro ejusdem Societati Jesu restitutiofie tmanimi ftre tothia
Christian! Orbis eonsen$u instantes^urgentesquepetitionesaVene-
yabilibtts Fratribns Anrbiepnscopis, et Bpiscopis, atque ab omnium
insigninm Personamm Ordine^ et Coetnqnotidie, ad Nos defieiun-
tar : pnesertim postqnam fama ubique Tulgata est nberrimorum
Iruetuum, quos h»c Societas in menioratis Regionibus piotuleiat>
qufleque prolis in dies crescentis foDCtmda, Dominicom Agmm I»«
tissime ornatum, et dilatatura pntabatur.

*' Dispersio ipsa Lapidnm Sanetuarii ob recentes calamitates,
et vicissitudinea, quos deflere potius jurat, qnam in memoriam
rerocare, fktiscens DiscipHna Regnlarium Ordinvm (Rdigionis et
Ecclesiae CatholicsB splendor, et columen) quibus nunc reparan4i*
cog^tationes curseque Nostre diriguntur, efflagxtant^ ut tam squia
et Gommunibus Votis Assensum Nostrum prsbeamna. Gravissimi
enim criminis in conspectu Dei reos Nos esaecrederemus, si in taa*
tis Reipublkae necessitatibus ea salutaria avxiliaadfaibcre neglige*
remus, quce singulari Providentia Deus Nobia suppeditat, et si
Nos in Petri Navicula assiduis turbinibus agitata, etcoocussa col>*
k>€ati expertes et validos, qui sese Nobis offerunt, Remiges ad
frangendos Pelngi naufragium Nobis et exitium quoris mom«ito
minitantis fluctus respneremus.

'' Tot^actaatts rationummomentis^tamque gravibuscausis anium
Nostrum moventibus id exequi tandem stivtuhnus, quod in ipso
Pontificatus Nostro exordio Tehementer optabamns. Postquam*
igitur Divinum auxilium ferventibus precibus imploravimus, Suf-
fragiis et Consiliis plurium Venerabilium Fratrum Nostrorun^
Sancts Romante Ecclesifle Cardinalium auditiv, ex certa scientia,
deque Apostolicae Potestatis> plenitudine ordinare et statueredecre*
Yimus, uti revera hac nostra perpetuo valitura Constitutione or-
dinamus et statuimus, ut oranes Concessiones, et facultates aNobof
pro Russiaco Imperio, et utriusque Siciliae Regno unice dats, nund ,
extensse intelligantur et pro extensis Imbeantur, sicut rere eas ex-
tendimus^ ad totum Nostrum Statum Ecclestasticum, »que ac ad
onines alios Status et Ditiones.

" Quare concedimus et indulgemus Dilecto Felio Presbjtero'
Thaddeeo Borzozowshi moderno Pneposito Generali Societati*
Jesu, aliisque ab eo legittime deputatis omnes necessarias et.op^
portunas facultates ad Nostrum et Sedis Apostolicae beneplacitum,.
nt in cunctis preefatis Statibus, et Ditionibus omnes iUos, qui.
Regularem Ordineni Societatis Jesu admitti et co^optari patent^

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^dsoiltoe et co-«pl»re libere ae ticite TslaMii : qui in una, vH
pluribus domibus> in unp, vd pluriUua CoUegils, in una, yci
plttribus Frovinciis sub Fnapositi Generali» pro tempore exieten-
tu obedientia coiuuntii et prout rev feiret, di»tribuli, ad pr»acrip«
turn Reguls Sancti If natii de Loyola Apo6toiicia Fault Tertii
CoDstitutionibus a^^robaUe et confirmatie suau accomodent vi*-
vei^di rationem : coftcedimus etaam^ et declaramufi^ quod pariter
Juventuti Catholicse Religionis rudimentis erudiendse^ ac probit
moiibus infttituend» qjeram dare^ nee non seminaria et Collegia
ngere, et coaientientibuft atque adprobantibus Ordioariia Loco-*
cum in quibuaeos dc^erecontigerit^ Confeasiones audire, Verbum
Dei pffftdicare^ et Sac^ramenta admioiatrare libere et licitevaleant:
oBUiia ¥era Collegia^ Donaudi Frovinciaa^ S^cioaqueaic eot^iunc-
tfM, et quoa in poalerum coiviungi et aggregajri oontjgerit, jaia
nunc sub immediata Nostra et bujua ^^atolicae Sedia tutela^
pMBsadio, et obedientia reeipimna ; Nol^ia e( Romania Ponliflcibua
aucceaaoribus Noatris veaervantea ac prseacribere> que ad eawdeu^
Societatem magia aaagiaque oonatabiliendam et conununiendaai*.
et ab abuaibua, si forte (quod Deua avertat) irrepserint, r^uigan*
dam^ atatuere ac pnescrlbere visum fuerit expcdire.

> " Omnes vero et singulos Superioress Preepositoa^ Rectorea,
Sodos^ et Alumnos qualescumque bi^jus restitute Societatia quan«
turn in Domino possumus commone facimus, et exhortamur^ ut in
omni loco ac tempore seae iidelea Aaaeclaa et imitatores tanti sui
Parentis et Tnstitutoria exhibeant^ Regulam ab ipao condjtam et
[MTSfeacriptam accurate observent^ et utuia monita ac conailia qnm
Filiiaauis tradidit summo studio exequi conentur.

** Denique dilectis in Christo filiis Ulustribus et Nobtlibus Viris^
Principibua^ ac Dominis temporalibus^ nee non Venerabilibua
Fratribua Arahiepiacopia et Epiacopis, aliisque in quaria Dig-
nitate conati^utia s^peiclictam Societatem Jesu^ et singulos iUiua
Socioa plurimum in Domino commendamus^ eoaque exhorta-.
mur^ ac rogamua non solum ne eos inquietari a quocumque per-
mittant^ ac patianturj aed ut benigne illos^ ut decet^ et cum cbari«f
iate suscipiant.

" Decernentea prsesentes Litteras, et inf eis contenta qusecum-
que aemper ac perpetuo firma^ valida^ et eflicacia existere et fore^
auosque plenarios, et integros efifectus sortiri et obtinerci et ab
31is, ad quos spectat, et pro tempore quandocumque spectabit
inviolabiliter observari debere, sicque, et non aliter per quoscum-
que Judicea quavia potestate. fungentes judicari et detiniri pariter
debase j ac ihitum^ et inane si secus super his a quoquam quavia
auctoritate scienter vel ignoranter contigerit attentari.

. '' Non obetantibua Constitutionibus et Ordinationibua Aposto-*
hda, ac praeaertim aupramemoratia Litteris in forma Brevia felicia
veeofldationia Clementia Decimiquarti incipien: Daminus ac Ae«
dan^xter No$ter aub Annulo Piscatoria expeditia die vige;»ima prim%
{uUi Aani Don^ini miileaimi aeptingentosimi septuaigesimi tertii^

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4» AcrrV Mi^pc qf WltalA.

Silbnsad pnsmlMKmtiii effvsctuin expreflse ac ftpeeiatim intentliniif^
rogave, cseterisqae contrariis quibnsenmqtte.

*' Volumus antem, ut eanuidem pnesentium Litterarum Trait-
nunptis^ sive exemj^s^ etiam impressis^ maim aliciyus Notarii
public! dubscriptts^ et sigillo Peraonse in Ecclesiadtica Dignitate
constitutas munitis eadem prorsus fides in Judicio et extra ad-
hibeatnr, qus ipsis pnesentibus adhiberetnr^ fti forent exhibits vel
Mtensse.

*' Nulli ergo omnino hominum liceat banc paginam Nostrsa
Ordinationis^ Statuti, Extenslonid, Concessionifl^ Indulti, Deela-
tationis, FacuHatis, Receptionis, Reservationis^ Moniti, Exbor-
tationts, Decreti^ et Derogationis infringere vel d amu temeiarlo
eontraire; si quis autem hoc atlentare pnesumpserit indigna-'
tionem Omnipotentis Dei ae Beatorum Petri etPaoli Apostc^onim
^9 se noverit incursurum.

** Datum Roms apud Sanctam Mariam Majorem Anno Incar*
nationis Dominicie Millesimo Octingentesimo QuartodecimoSep-
timo Idus Augusti Pontificatus Nostri Anno quiatodecimo.

'*' A. Cari>. Pro-DatariuSj R. Card. Braschi Honesti.
VISA
*' De Curia D. Testa

" Loco >J^ Plumbi." '' f, Lavizzarias."

** RegUtrata m Secretaria Brevhtm" v.

Art. Y.—The Magic of Wealth, By T. S. Surr. 3 vols. 12mo.
Pp. 276, 267, 249. CiideU and Co. 1815.

In the name of Obscurity Obscured^ wliere shall we find a
glimmer of classic revelation to direct our taste in appropriating
a title to '^This Vehicle of Opinions !"

When the learned author is foiled in his attempt to fabricate
a name for the ridiculous whimsicality of the Honourable Mr.
Light's ^^unnameable machine,'* his perplexity and ours are
somewhat critically parallel. AH we can venture to establish
is^ that these volumes are not intended to wear the vulgar cqs-
tume of a novel — ^No! they profess to be the ^^auxjuaribs
OF TRUTH,** bedizened with surprises ! They exhibit •* a new
form:** they compose '* a drama/' truly, fantastically tricked
out— in "Scene L'*— "Scene IL*'— " Scene IIL**-^and so
forth. •

Precious novelty ! Let it however be understood, that thi$
is a mere literary russe, and that it ought not wholly to weigh'
against the merit of "splendid misery;" a work so honour-
able to Mr. Surr, that nothing, save his own witful aberratioiiy
caa tarnish his acquired fame. But we could quarrd mth ar

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Jim^rM^gmi^JffMA

aes,4li# vwiddriBpfim tkMittmitpA of
mmhtdve, to p% thatnttat^in senrii ef Ot petty mtricMkt of
•t%iinii^. He hai iajorai UkimV k the hope of gtsliiying
At town; ferhulmricisnbtednnQaii: ifris not ftvea > faiui »<*-
toatcei3r a paatomime; and yet it abounds In fimed ncNrekiesy
and the tinconnected bustle of i harlequinade.

M^. Surr's grand aim Appears to us td be a pcyarcrfal deKne*^
i^ion of chara^esy after t9be naaoDer of Mias Barney. The ml-^
j^ntieaofMr^Briggahave served UmaS a model for hisCk^
habnheher^avd tbe adiole groupe of itbrkhouae attcndantt
iikoairhe«aaemUea toaaaasef bat wedottbt whetbet he doetf
aoHte. To v»y thvnfaniita' irith whicb^ he aieels to plae^
thsw Undof peo[de in a eiirie immid hi* teaiseriff Attigufaiy-^
Bol to sajTy diiBf09ling. Stefne poradssed the paeidar facttitjK
of giving an intimate assoeildaoa to the fancy; but betoibva
bmnah nature too well to expend his talents ia description^
that would not interest the mmd dtiA delight the heart.

Surprise and mystei^, we achnit, are eneatial to the ana-c
chinery of a novel. All ddineatians of life^ howetiery Aoal#
ke true to nature.

Ab extmerdhiary Being-^not a pUybfithropist^ hnt a pnrflEiao''
cnthnsiast-^arriveSy from God inowa where^ in London: he ia
Tough m q>eechy but' gentle at heart: at his first rising all hiar
eroottonrare 4n^ arma on the entrance of a fcnude aenranf . Ifo
his eager inquiiy she returns an artiest tale ; and ^^ the
^nt^KGza;*^ wi^ beherdence iu fuH cry, gallops after a re-^
dnced spendthrift, and asentfailental milliner's Miss^ to Uie pa-
fish w^eridumae* Iliaaneveotftd:freak; fcoraUttie hoar..pro«
dticaaiaoaeaiiiprisea than usually occur toman in his adven-
tures throi^h life. In the 'eoantraance of the aged portev to the
taoridiona%tbesBgaeioui stvangev finds strong ImeamcDtsof de-.
cagrcd^gtottityr aad^ in afrwaMineoCs^aseeae of *^ SermbUU^-
mion. Vfromr^' k ioftended to awakea the feelings to a delicagy
0t i4gk*waought woe. Tiie sentimental Miss introduees a
pbyaiciaoy whoan ikm aeieto by viitueof her tears, as he de-:
seended from his carriage, to the couch of her dying lover.
*Ehas:lmtiia(ie persontige performs a sort of resorrection of the
dead;- and the young female finds a grand* papa in the old
pona^n These evente arc so tapid, that no pause is given for
reflection: succeeding events, however, keep page with them.
Thus far the drawing is in good keeping. From the old per-
tar*^ histofy,:ii«.djsfiover' him to have been formerly a merchant
oCtbe first rssyactability ; and Uutt his soirows ai^l liis poverty
oiiginatad Jr. the seotiaciental errors of his beloved dmighter,
' ^hor vml aaovt^ol <^ M^a. HALLSB"*-9ubUme m her estraiige-

Crit. Itev. Vol. IL Julyy 1815. G

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Jktt^ M^^JKbML

iBoii ftdm vtrtae, wd amubfy widnd.
mystery is iamiediateiy raoeeededbjr the- stranger's ehcoofoiter*
ing a lady of the first rank and fuhios, who funiliariy »aceo9ta
bim bf several difierent names, aild peremptorily insists od his
entering her spkn<fid equipage. TUs lady is a compound of
travelled accompUdmieDt^ delayed in a singular melange of
airs and graces culled from every court in £urape«; With this
EUegaate, who is a youtg and beautiful vndwi^ the stranger ber-
cornea an ioioate fora Sew hours ; when he, the lady of fashion,
the rmved spendtfaiift^ the old porter^ the pretty giwd-^uigh^
ter, and a fanner suddenly mleased from the Ftett, all set-off
for the neighbourhood of Moreton Hail, an estate that hap^
fiened at tko moment to be sold by auction, and was mpU^
novaif purchased by the stranger at any price-*-here we find the
old porter, chaperom'ng the lad^ of fasluon ! '
'- At length, with the close of the second volume, we leam^
that the. "appearance of a tall figure in a foreign uniform^ with
inuatachios, is the signal to cast off the veil of mystery, and to
unfold a "Talk of Won0Br," yet a tale of truth..

What a moment of 'mortification^ if the watedanan should
xhance to be cryiiig past two o'clock and a rainy maming^ when
a sentimental young lady, in bed, looks at her candle^ and finds
it fast dipping into the socket, just as she ^ageilj woidd have
opened volume the third !

Patience far force! With the early dawn— for Miss cannot
sleep for thinking*-she prepares for the "Talk of Wonder :**
and what does she discover? That the mysterious strangdr
was a mysterious foundling; that he was mysteriously kid^
napped by a Jesuit, mysteriously educated, and afterwards
transplanted into a cardinal's palace at Rome^,froQa which he
mysteriously escapes. Eventually, he becomes confidential
secretary to the mysterious ohanceUor of the-.arder. of Jesuits ;
an Italian nobleman, whose powec was so stap^Mlons* as te
Kgulate that of the general of the order. Bjr the^Jntrigiscs of
tills cxsiJbf Italian, the power of the Jesuits iaoveithfowti.

*' ' Now> Belvidere, is arrived the crisis that Axes your &kt
for life I See that there is not, even in the outer room!, a living
being with sense of hearing, and faculty of speech. rtx)ck that
door, and that. Now I am assured that no eye, save yaur*ff> sees
what I am about to do, nor any other ear has Iniowledge of my
wordtf.

" * ]f now, then, that it has been represented to this Hicci; that
ifbyibrce> or stratagem, his person should fiiH into the handstif-
his enemies, they will use the artifices of kinikiesSf - and tharreaH* .
ties of torturei to obtain finm him aclne4otha iavisiUetraasttres

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m^a'Mig^qrJVeaUL H

i« ffwety qiittrter c^ tli0:wprkl> impervi^as to Uk» vi^w.of ttit
j^ainitial^^/ >. i.

" ' In a moment of high-wrought zeal, with an heroic re^o*
Action foreign to his nature, Ricci determined to divest himself
of the FOW£H of discovery 3 and, therefore, at this hoiir he is
actually ignorant of many of the principal depositories of the ac-
cumulated riches of the Order, contenting himself with the con-
^rout'of its revenues!

'^'* Who, then, has the keys of this vast treasure? One, who
fhm' his at^fMurent hostility to Ricd, in their eyes, his deluded
persecutors never wiH suspect— I — ^I, Emilioi DiSArvim, possesi
ihe due to their secret tx^easures; and I, therefQre,-r-I am tha
i^wss of the Jesuits! I marvel not at the awe with which auch ft
/ev^latlqn haa impressed youl You stand, indeed, before a mighty
MASTER, one who does not stoop to ask your love, but who will
reward your zeal. Remember error, in his service, is as much a
crime as treason; and he assured, that a look of your*s, calculated
to lead the most cunning observer to a^ess of the great secret
Imparted to you, will be inevitably followed by a death of
torture.'

-^ -^^ I heard this speech with sentiments of horror not to be de-
^ribed; Nor could I easily reason myself into a belief of the
iMlityofthesoend, as he proceeded to unlock and open a con*
ceafedinNi depository, from which he took the curious trunk
which you have seen.

" ' Beholdyour charge,' continued the Marquis^ ^ The iiiven-
tioo and o^nqiLetion of this peace of mecbianism was the labour
ot a Jesuit's UJTe. It resembles in external and internal appear-
ance, you perceive^ a 'small eommon trunk, and it is so con-
structed th<4 without an imparted knowledge of its springs, iia
human art or force can open the mettilHc leaves^ between which
are contained the references to concealed treasures in all parts
tf the gk)be/

' *' It^mt'tlM moment I becanke the keeper of the accounts of
^iamagio tmA, for sucH It may b« truly designated. Of t€s
coatci^ H isBuffioient in thia place to say, that it was then a sort
of portable ek^heqner o€ the iesuita, of which the credulous and
weiik RiacI had made Salvini chancellor. His signet and his au-
iogrsphceulit ^ thaA period and long aflerwartis, command
rMies to f^moatuflnnlimited extent in every t^pital of Burope !
.' ** Undar many various names : and descriptions there were
loi^ed,iii the public fands, and private banks of all the principal
states, prodigious sums I With numerous merchants and bankers
this unsuspected chancellor of the Order had credit to a vast
coEtent;^ aM in theeare of traveling missilmaries, were diamonds,
endotherpfeokms stones ofimaoaenseTakie, all at the disposal of
Uie<MP«ir8'ofSal^iiil.

i< But lumat abvapilytclBse thfe«oHi^ whk!h,«m account of it^

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ft am'iUgk^wMau

^tailed to mufb at Itrepe," ...

" ' Years hay© rollod over us, since the day fate threw you in my
power — I have not been insensible to ypur detestation of my ser-
vice, which has rendered your fidelity more noble. Whilst thero
remained a hope of the accomplishment of my gi^at purpose, tha(
bope held you my victim, as fast as the fatal folds of th^ dreadfu}
jLiAOcoon. Now my psspaib ha^ 8|;t yey Fa£B. In those de*

fiositpries where, for my use, you lodged the wealtl^ { have eiK
rusted to you, that wealth stiU remains. My death will transfer
those treasure* solely to yourself — no other hand can touch thera!
T^^X ARC yovr's — ^use them according to the impulse of youf
own benevolent heart. To me too late cornea remorse for a life
worse than wasted in ambitious dreams, that have proved a fiery
hell to my tortured soul. Go thou into the world with all the
ineans pf doing good, which this wealth affoids you. Benevolenc^
U in you an active principle, which I have only known hy name*
X have pursued a shadow, that has mocked my hopes — ^I have lived
in misery, and I die unblessed!'

." In a few, days after this dedavation the Afai^uis di SalFini
was no more ! Whether the invisible arm of Jesuitism, or th^
fiend despair, administered the chfdice of death, I am still doubtfuir

* * * * * f *

" O'er the next period of my eventful life 9k veil, must long vef
Sf^ain, and probably may never he by me wi^mwu.

'' Respect &r the recent dead, and justice to mwy atiU esiistv
ing characters, who figured on the stAj^, which Surope> ^(ixig
that period, presented, forbid the narrative pf my adventure^ in
P^ussia, Germany, France, Italy, Spain^ and Portugol, fis weU a4
fhe disclosure of my correspondences with Ed:i^and.

'' It is enough to stiy, that in aU these ptfkcea I hatve^ under va^
rious disguises, endeavoured to use the magic power (wUeh {
toon discovered that I aduotfy fmmmedy ft>r mkA pirpQeea m ap*
p^avf d to my humhle judgment best adapitocl^ 9erve the woee tf
^uth, of justice, reason^ and humanity i

/' In prisona as weU as pelacesjt ii^ wm^ ^od io hMpil(iU» fomYk
of that period ha4 been passed. ] CQuld barfow i^ tb^ 40ul vM^
horror at scenes of revolutionary ^xm^)a ^ Fam-rof saxiguinary
massacres in ungrateful Spain j nor would om^o^ the le$st terrihlt.
he, that which UMurked the departure of the spirit of the wretch
Effington, of whose immense wealth I fortunately deprived th^
iecret treasury of the InquMum,

'' But here let the curtain drop. Away-^-away with all tho
gloopiy scenery and horrid apparatiis of Jesuislicttn a«4 of JaetH
b^iusm, of Despotism ^d.of AmMt^y!. AfpKXMe th» lo^isilmi
dungeons — the revolutionary guillotines— onA eki|r the singe df
pasks and chaiu3-"H>f po^spaed cbiLlieed and Upody dass^ci^* *

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am^iM^ 4^wmh. is

^ "^lit fmMftiM of die invfttaioixs trunk eoiiMltlites the
stranger << Thb MAGieiAH ov Wbalth/' This plot^ If it mi^
Im so caHed, reminds us of << Saint LboI^/' The phao60«
^ber's sloa« and the Jesuit's e^diecioer are &ynotAmtms.

In the ^^ beaulifuny wild and tranquillf suMime'' seenerjr of
fi^viteeriand) the mysterious stranger finds his in jstmoos fkdier
on his death-bed; and his mysterioitf mother proves t^ hai^
h^m the deceased sister 6t Sir George Beaumont^ whose mys*
tenons marriage with Erasmus Oldways gave birth to a mys^
terious son. This clandestiiue weddingi by the bye, is the re-
sult of private theatricals; and we believe many wiiom, less
sacred, arise from the same immoral source. Coaduding^ M&
5nir states—

*' Thus, theu^ you behold before you the mysterious stran-
6BR, no longer veiled as Martelli, Belvidere, or Lyttleton, but in
the character to which his birth entitles him, an English counteT
GENTj^EMAN^ and witha fkmily name of which he is Justly proud.**

Monk Lewis's tales of wondciw^^^i^tlh thttWdrm^erQuolb^
m$y umd Me^tmi^ ctmdMn^ (mt^^^-wet eveiy-dsi^s detail eom^
p^ped vkh this magie gw&pe of mysteries^ which increase aa
Mqpidly as they* vnravel. So fer^ however, as Mr. Surr hat
mingled potttieal events with his tale^ and inasmuch as be fw*
Didies an animated sketch of the Jesuits in the adventures ol
his hero, we have been entertained. Mr. Surr is more at honMi
ill his deKneatibn of the city nob91ty, than in that of our court.
Novelists are too fond of aiming to describe scenes, wMch
ean only be underrtood by personal associalion; and we be«
Meve that some anecdote-^teUing writers oottect their maKgnanf
diselonres from the servants of noble families, with whom thejr
get aftyiainted over a pipe aod nip at « Pieeaditty alehMne^
We camiotmeBB ten apj^j^ this ta the gentleman b^oreiis^ fev
he isr aeenstomed to tiUad societj»*«i"We only risk a g^enersl
semark.

• Ib takingtleaffe of Mr; Surr^ we tu-e aivstious to assure him^
Aat we ttteire his contrasted charactess of FV,im-Plam the
^MMMMRT fkh^*^ and Mr. OldwaVs, the dignified shade of
Ihe <^ Cnmlfy Genfbmim,*' oi^oe so honourable to our national
ehasacter; and we conUally joirv in his last words— ^hal
^ Happy i^Ul it be for OM BngtaMt, for the British empkre>, i^
the crrniaed worid, when thie manoauvt^sof .sudi mischievous
qpeonlatoes ae Fiim^Fkmk shall be no kuige* asecessAil*; and
wbeAtbachataclerMA coDdwSxif' snob -men >a» >ir>^4>i^togyt
shall be> lof^ktif madsistoodj duly honoured, and generally imi
tated." . *

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M The BSmr^ i^ Ur.JMo^JhBUtro, ^e.

' Thiff cdntrMt foraur bjr ftr die owt-vduaUepoflMi •# tke
Magic of Weaitb. When Mr. Siut tdb us ef '^^ Imag mo^
nunnentof splendid prosttlnlioDs" it is a icpKitioft of <^ his
living monttmeiit of splendid miscfy ;'' and « iMosI flippwt it
introduced, {wcctsdy in the way that Kotzebue's Connlitss and
ihe Baron Steinlbrt trifle with, each others curiosity. We4#
«iot» iKiweTer, call this pbgiarism.

. The previuKng language is often tedions somelimes «ener^
gistto— never elegants Ji^ ;

Akt. VI. — Tike History of Mr. John Decastro, and hU Brother j^af,
commonly called Old Crab. The Merry Part written hy Jonit
Mathers : the Grave, hy a SoSd Gentleman. 4 Tols. 8vo,-^
Pp. 338, 404, 96«, 406. T-Egerton. 1815.

AIany of our readers may attach such ideas pf gravity to our
censorial office, as to deem the relaxation of our habitual grai*
yntff by any speeies of psovocation, ahogether unbocoaiing ike
sokmniiy of our character. We are* by no means 'unwiHing to
confess, however, that the work before us has, by its humoiirft
Operated powftfiilly on our nerves, and produced a loogeE suo^
cesaion of smiles, and more inesistible huighter, than weMeol^
lect to have given vent to since our perusal of the Feast of tha
Ancients.*

. The history ot Mr. Decastro and his brother is vnilten in a^
style which, if not elegant, is spirited and easy. Itpresenls
several well-dniwn characters, inculcates precepts of unexoep-
liom^k morality, and sparkles throughout with genuine wk
and humour : and though we cannot but obaerve^ tiiat the two
latter qualities sometimes overleiq» the bounds of ddioaoy^eant
dour obliges us to acknowledge, that to expect a fmk of four
Tolumes^ teeming with humour and oddity, to he perfe^y iroe
of indelicate allusions, would be overweeningly fastidkynsv
These deviations, however, do not very frequently occur > nei-
ther are they of sudi a nature as to iateidiGt the 'peeusal of thsr
work. On the contrary, though we view them as serious bk^
mishes, we think their tendency counteracted by the genenfl
strain of the composition, which b sufficiently attmctive to
ensure tlie favourable opinion of all who tat^ not caUous to the
charms of morality, though clothed in the costume of ridioide^'
The two brothers, whose history is related, wese, as is oom^
manly the ease in families^ men of disrimilarh^ta. .Mr. John
■' ; " ' I .. ., ^ II <iif

» Vide IH»«griiie Ptcklt.

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tfar httBf thotigh the yoaiiger'of the two, inherited
the i^iepatriinoBial property; the father having disinherited
liiB son Bifflliokniiew, in eonsequence of sbme oifence he had
ac^fiwt from liini) which had been aggrarated by famSy in-
teifereiice* The hero is described as being possessed of d great
iiirk^ but too fittie money, having an income of ^20,600
per annmn^ which weis inadequate to his expenditure.. Hie
bnvtherlHid'litile fiofrtune, and too much money, his income
jgreatly exceeding all his wants. The former dissipated his pro-*
perty in splendid entertainments, which naturally produced the
feiivy and contempt of his guests, and exposed him to the fraud
and afterwards insult of his tradesmen, when unable to meet
their demands; the latter possessed the advantage of his bro*
iher in talents, education, and prudence; the whole of his in-
come arose from a living presented to him by his brother, and
the profits of a farm he held under him* Uncouth in his ex*
tenor, but* possessed of a Mrarm heart and the strictest inte-
grity, he had acquired in* the meridian of life the appellation of
Old Crab, from the harshness of his manners and the sourness
of has visage. Mr. Deoastro perceiving his income inkrffielent
to maintain the splendour of his establishment, resorted to the
system of borrowing on' his estates. His constituents (for he
was in pariiament) finding hhn no longer capable of defraymg
the expenses contingent on an election, chose some one who
could* Losing his seat, like others before and since, he found
it necessary to inspect his accounts, in order to ascertain the
condition of his afiairs. Now, Mr. Decastro was similarly
situated to most men of opulence, — he was a very bad account-
ant, bis mother having dismi3sed his writing master, because
the young gentleman did not like learning the nasty figures.
In casting up the sum total of his tradesmen's bills, having no
asostant but his wife, who was a woman of fashion, he put a
cypher-too mudi at the end/wfaich so terrified him, that without
fuitber investigation, he mounted his horse in the night, and
proceeded to his brother's rectory in Cumberland. Old Crab^
who had dways employed his utmost endeavours in pointing
eutQR no very smooth language the course his brother should
bare punned, cheerfoily undertook the settlement of his af-
fnirs. After availing himself of the melancholy state of his
brother's* Rund, to instil into it some principles of religion, he'
hastened to London, where, upon a full examination of the
aoeounis, and by the sale -of the town and country houses, he
disohai^d all his brotlier^s debts, leaving 'his income undi-
minished;. and by a temporary concealment from our hero and
his wife of the favourable state of their circumstances, he re-

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tomSUAiimfk to ^ oonfarti of r^tmnml^^uitii h^amg eM^
cdved that they h^ lost all> they were well aalMfied IhA tbcf
bad a splendid maosion left ia the heait of their teBMtqr, aod
tbat &eir inoone was undiminished^ though. thejF wera namwmA
from the dajftaling pomp of fashioniMe ^ociely* .

Thqr^ who with large fortunes have mored with pride aad
pageantry in the worlds Beed but expevievce a serious revene^
to find the world turn against them. The stories in eifciilaliAa
at the sudden departure of Mr. Decastro ftam IxKidou were o€
course numerous^ and as Old Crab had msf^aged in settUiasr
with the credltoTB separately^ to lead each, tp supposi^ that he hm
Stained the preference, it was reported thalMr. Dv had after tiia
sale of his estates^ paid but five shillings in the pounds add that
retiring to his brothers neighbourhood he had opened a cbamt*
hx's shop. ^ This report reaching the ear of a wter of Mir. ]>eH
castroj.who was married to a Lord Budemere, the lady aftet
some coirespondeDce, agreed to visit her sister; and aceordf
ingly, accompanied by some of those the Decastros had for*
merlv deemed among their fnends, the visit was paid.

mrs. D. pleased with the joke» bad erected at the park ^te
a temporary shop in which Ae received her visitoia in the gaiti
and appearance of a country shopkeeper. Ai^ having iatima-'
ted to her sister th»i their party would be received at the
neighbouring mansion by its proprietors whose name she had not
given, the party afiter displaying by words that ti^y felt somo
pity, and parting with some of their money in order to shew
that they were not destitute of that necessary article, proceeded
to the mansion under the guidance of an odd character termed
Old Comical, who was well instructed in his part by Mrs. D.

The scene at the mansion is well drawn; the parties met--^
^' there was a deep silence for two or tliree minutes, notwith*-
standing there were no less than four women in the room."
Dinner succeeded inmiediately, and no one entered on the subject
until it was completed; when one of the party asserted that
they had been robbed at the park gpite, and stat^ the circum-
stances. Mr* D. affected surprise; — ^the park was sear^ched,
but the shop had been removed, and no traces of it were to be
found. Considerable neatness is displayed by the author in
the whole of this contrivance, to surprise and mortify those
who had expected merely to humble a fallen friend — that
is, a friend in the fashioaable acceptation of the term. The
affidr terminated in an explanation, to the chagrin of most of
the party, who were however gratified by the restoration ofi
their bank notes. •

We have mentioned the name of Old Comical as an agent of

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The iRitaty qf Mr: John Jhomtro, ^c. if

If rs^Daoiatm; Ms character aoddesoriiMbn afttoo absurd to be
tetnn^ but toobumonroas to be omitted. Jndfced^ it is to thtf
droDeiy of tfab odd aortof penonage that the forier is iiw
4ebted fbr a ecmsidemble portion of hb entertaininent. He i^
described as a man of exquisite natural humour, and a gentleman
by birth, being the son of Sqmre Mathers, Lord of the MMOf
of Coek-*a-doodle Hall, Northamptonshire, a justice of the
peace, and a man of wealth ; but John^ alias Old Comieal^
having an elder brother, came in for no share of the fortune^,
lind had no other dependance than his wit. Old Comical had,
however, one inheritance from his father, lijunely, a cBspositioa
to befacetiotts, and an irresistible power of provoking laughter
ih others; indeed, the father had expired in a fit of laughter^
occasioned by observing a man about to be married, who was
afflicted with the St. Vitus's dance, which produced certaia
odd associations of ideas, '' and when the old women laid out
the body they all fella laughing, for death had left the laugh
upon his face, as fresh as if the joke had been that mon^ent
cracked." OU Comical having subsisted for some time by his
humour^ and engaged in many ridiculous adventures^ at length
found a hpme under the roof of Old Crab, who ^pjpointed him
bailiff to his farmand parish clerk,, a cifcumstcLnce to whie]]|
Mrs. Deca^tro was indebted for his services in the above advjeii'-
tore. The description of his person is so iiumorous and 8c|
admirably drawn^ that we shall give it entire, . .

*' His face was as red as fire, upon which half ar'd(>fteh wartsi
as big as red gooseberries, and much of the same oofevr, had
dispoMfid themaelTes at certain idistances from one .tinother, :tKt
largest of which sat. upon the roof of. his noec} he bsuJ. aikOther
on his chin haiigiog; thereat by aslender stalky, like ^h<i jlittl^/ruit
aforesaid} he had another on his JPbrehcad, pvbich was p^v^r seeii
but when he laughed^ for <at that time his . features were, dc^wi^
altogether in the middle of his face^ and the said, warf canier
down from under his wig iii a very odd manner ) his nose was
irregular, turned up at the point, and hitched up on one side,
and the wings thereof very wide. He was so deeply marked by
the small-pox, that his face looked like a red honeycomb, so deep-
ly pitted that a towel was of little use to him i Jind, being ajgj^
man,' fie used to clean his face with a brush, whicR very mucS
increased his natunil floridity, He was as baU as a dqlU aac^.
his pate was seamed and lined all over like amaptof the roa4s ;
his eyes were dark blue, clear as crystal, if^pdrvery fini^j^ op^fof
whkh he almost always kept shut, like one taking aim, so he
|lii$sed withmany^r b man with one eye, till %e cpntiaeed th^m
of their mistake, by a sudden star^ which had such oddity i^ it^
as mad^ people laxuph; he had a very wide mouth, anifljUuliat,
Cait. Rev. Vol. H. July, 1815. H

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J

i$ 8eM*4 lord rfthe hk$.

8o that w1ii*ti h% Uoksfik^ one night almost see wHat keliacf hi
bis fltimiach} he had. a yoy fine set of teeth which he showed
all at one gria -, the retractiTe nmecles of the upper iip gare bna
^tonishiiig powers of griiBace« aad though his mouth waa veij

^Ide, and his lips very protuberant, s^ch wa& the force of th#
sphicter oris, that he could gather them up in a little wrinkle^
«.t^'hich he usually did before he bloke out into a loud laugh.'* ,

Our limits win not permit us to continue the narrative:
"^e have given pnly the outlines of the first volume ) the re-
maining three are fliU of incident^ and preserve throughout
Considerable interest and entertainment.

We have before observed that the work abounds in humour
and wit^ its style partakes of the Hudlbrastrc, and occasion-
ally reminds us of the celebrated author of Tristram Shandy.
The task would be endless to illustrate these remarks by ex-
tracts ; every page being brightened by transient flashes of wil
and fitful bursts of humour. We should feel pleasure could
we pronounce the author free from faults ': he appears to have
written in too great haste to reflect upon the inconsistencies
that occui* In his narrative. Several of his characters are far
fl-om natural, most of them occasionallv inconsistent, and mahy
of the Incidents altogether absurd. Another prominent error
IK, a want of diversity ; too close a similarity of manners being
observable in most of the characters. The author is a humorist,
and one of no ordinary cast ; yet, though it appeairs as difficult
a ta^k for him to avoid a display of drollery on every occasion
as it is for most writers to assume it at all, wit Seldom comes
tvith grace from the lips of a philosopher, nor, unless 'it be of
a delicate and refined nature, from those of the world's great-
est ornament — a Wely woman. With all its defects, how-
ever, we think very fiavourably of the work, and have no doubt
of its giving general satisfaction. We consider it deserving of
perusal, and recommend it as an antidote to ennui. Its prin-
cipal merits consist in the humour of the characters, a copious
display of originality, wit, and humour, and the excellent moral
tendency of the whole. s.

AaT. VII. — The Lord of the Met; a Poem. By Walter Scott, JEi^.
4to. Pp.440. Edinburgh, Constable and Co. London^ Long-
man and Co. 1615. '

\f^% are'deeidedly of optnioA that th6 title of a work, dramftie
or poetical, ought to bear a very sCrongfy-marked refcnstice
to its main robject. Td deduced from any inferfoa^ 'ageiA^ of

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rircuiiiatiaio^ is to invert evciy fundameatal ordioMCtt. 4si
literary propriety^ and rob the composition <tf the dignity it
would otherwise possess. When the principal theme^ or
actor, is not permitted to dictate the title, the whole work
is likely to sofier; for the author having, ,on the one haqdj
^selected his chief subject and character, and being con«
jscious that they should prescribe its denomination, yet tempt-
ed, on the other, to borrow it from some subordmate trans-
aciion or personage, is involved in an abortive conflict be^
tween propriety and inclination. He aims at counterbalancing
the error he resolves to commit. He labours to invest the
subaltern action which usurpingly determines the title with un*-
suitable pomp, and alien importancea to the great deterioration
of the mmn theme, whicb is not merely shorn of half its natui^
diignity and interest, but suffers, likewisOji in all its imperious
requisitions of correlative sublimity^ and adjunctive emfaellisb*
ment. The obvious result is an incongruity and wan( of just
proportion in all the parts of the composition, producing an
appearance of disorderly dismemberment in the whole design;
the writer having, in fact, created to himself a double phin,
between whose superior and' inferior divisions theise ^ists no
harmoniaing and. cementing principle^ To make the work
ccHrrespond; in a passable ^pree, witli tlic title, the subordi^
.Bate event from which it spnngs is. forced 'into oflipnsive con*
. ^picuousncss, while the real subjept, languishing through
want of th^ cherishing ardour so 6trang<;)y b^towed on one of
its contingents, is scarcely ever permitted to reveal the full ma-
jesty of its proportions, — to shine out in the corporate splen-
dour of its appropriate glories. This is like sacrificing the
sovereign fo eicalt the subject, or excluding the light of the sun
. to give effect to the rays of » taper. It is destroying the palace
to save the hut; and suijE^ring the foliage of the oak to wither,
for tlvQ sake of tlic Ivy that entwines its trunk. : v.

These remarks apply with peculiar strictness to Mr. Scott's
^present poem. Its title, "The Lord qf the JakSj* being
^derived from one of its inferior agents, a person entitled to no
regard from any qualities ascribed to him by <the autlior, of a
-ligH.and ftuctuating diaracter, and whose love adventures
are but ill calculaiied to excite interest in a, poem aspiring to
celebrate ,the enterprizing genius, of a^ Royal hero, and the
redemption of a whole people from foreign tliraldom and ty-
ranny* King Robert, The Bruce, is, in reality the chief person-
r; hi&^^qriqus sti^uggle again«rt that remorseless despot,
First Edwaid, juid mighty victory over that .man's son
al^BjAfl^kbiMirPf i^e nwierrffubjecf of the poemr; matt-

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60 Set^s Lord ofihetdes.

Tkik' tftese, we should have thought, wherewith ft ScottisH
bard might have erected a magnificent monnmcnt to his coun-
try's renown; while from the acknowledged genius of ^^ the
great Minstrel^** and the circumstance of almost all his produc-
tions having their scene of action in his native land, it was welJ
to be supposed that he had selected the wars of The Bruce as the
subject of a poem whose beauty and nobleness, — embellishiDg
and exhibiting in their real grandeur events in which every tme
Scot must feel such high and honourable interest, — should have
insured it that exalted atid lasting reputation which it wouki
have deserved, but which has been voltuitarily abandoned by
Mr. Scott. Bj so doing, he has, we cottfeii, given' a strong and
litrange example of unintentional and ^unpatriotic' humility. It
is singular that the poet should, himself, have declared his lia-
bility to censure on this score. Speaking of the vessel which
bears King Robert to ArtomisH, Mr. Scott says.

r^'' With iJua akiflf

Midei the minstrel tale — "*

Here is a full confession of the impropriety of the present
title, and it is very evident that the proper one, which might
have stood in a shape something like this, **The Achievments
of The Bnice,*' has been sacrificed to the unworthy attracftiofi
of romaritic'^tter and subaltern prettiness. As reasonably
might the Iliad be termed *^ The Amours qf Paris and Helen,'
or the iEneid " The Loves of JEneas and Dido,'* as this poem
be denominated " The Lord of the Isles.'' Indeed, the excuse
f6r the change of title in the work* df Homer and Virgil woldd
be much stronger than any to be urged in Mr. Scott's favour.
The passion of Paris was the source of the Trojan War, a cir-
cumstance which is seldom sufiered by thepo4?t' to vanish
whoUy from our sight, and occasionally serving as fli^ bksis of
some pathetic reflection, or episode, springing from the main
subject, and bearing upon it with acknowledged relevancy. In
the xCneid the devoted attachment of the Carthaginian Queen lx>
the Trojan Chief, not only furnished Virgil an admirable op-
portunity of displajring his wonderful powers in moving the
tenderer feelings, but, in a poeni whose ncro was the Founder of
the Roman greatness, was skilfully introduced as the remote
cause of the long and inveterate animosity that subsisted be-
tween Rome and Carthage. In Mr. Scott's work, on the con-
-trary, it would puzzle his most decided admu'ers to Sstavir
what indispensable connexion subsists between the actuiU heA>

* Canto I. Stanza xvii.

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tnd mibjfect) (I&(^ Robert and the EsiaUisbment of Scot&h
indq>en<ience5) and the wavering and weak*minded person from
whom the poem is entitled. Besides^ the ^^ Lord qf the Isles'*
heste introduced^ is a character purely fictitious, a circumstatice
tliKt renders the inscription of the work, the dignity of the chief
personage and iinportabce 'of the theme, properly estimated,
absolutely ridicnlbuS. -

Perhaps, after all, we faaive been mistaken in ascribing %ht
*^greafMirutreVs*^ choice of a title to romantic^affectatian^ and
the desire of appearing once more armed cap^a-p^e like a cheva-;
lier of the Ixmvieux terns. The epic character which the poeni
Would haTieassunired, had it been correctly designated, neces-
sarily invoWeff tbe actioti of a genius of the loftiest order ; a ge-
mxis accustomed to the contehipbtion of tbe great, rather than
the beaatjfiilf directing its noble ambition to the achievment
of one magnificent pu^ose, and investing the object of its ex-*
ertion with the sober majesty of moral truth. Now, without
intending to derogiate from the acknowledged talents of Mr.
Scott, ik is by nomeand unreasonable to Suppose that of ability of
this exited t!lass he was consciously unpossessed ; and that, un-
willing to hazard his reputation within the pale of the jEpop^eia,
he abandoned as the main subject of his poem, and that which
should have originated the title, the glorious theme presented
hn lihe Wars of Robert ; and, continuing his worship at the
shrine of Chivakic Romltnce, decorated a feeble-minded but re-
pentant rebel with the laurel that would have received lustit
from the brows of The Bruce.

We cannot, then, consider this poem of Mr. Scott as we wish
he had permitted us to do — viz. as a grand and splendid com-
memoration of the most awful and brilliant period of Scottish
History. We are not sensible of any argument to be urged in
support of the superiority of " The Lord of the Isles*' to the
anthor^s preceding works. That it is a finely-told, if not well-
arranged, tale; abounding in vivid description, if deficient in
strongly-marked characters; that the narrative in its general
tone is rich and vigorous, though sometimes perplexing from
the unexplained suddenness of its transitions; generally lu-
minoos, and oceassionally lighted up into exotic splendour
bjr a gleam of the diviner faculty; we are fully disposed to
admit. But these are merits which ** The Lord of the Isles**
possesses in eonnnon with, though, it may be, not so largely or
raultifiEuiously as, Mr. Scott's preceding poems. In common
With them, dso, it is disfigured by ungraceful abruptnesses,
contorted ^pfarasedogy, and passages of prosaic tameness.

** Bokeby,*^ of all Mr. Scjtt's works, — we will not except even

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4% SoM'i L^rd rfitieid^

<' The Zjfyqf the Last MifiHrd/' — is, in oajr opifHop^ first in
merit and claim to deliberate and permanent panegyric. The
story isintejresting,arranged.with considerable cleamess, and with
no les& attefition to dramatic effect. The chwracters are 8troagl|r
drawn,, an4 vividly contracted. In the descriptive part the poet
has shown that, though he may feel all the partiality of a native
ifor the sublimer landscape of Scotland, he can, n^vertlteleu^
paint with the hand of a master the softer beauties of ^ogUsh
scenery. The language of ^^ Roheb}^'* is^ generally ^peakio^f
decidedly superior to that of his former productions^ j .Retain^
ing what was estiipable in the verse of " The Jjj^^*' " Mar^
vmm,*' and <^ TAe lady qfthe lake," — itssimplicn^ smd pa>-
thos — ^the verse of Rokebv is distinguished by %i,ialities of a
higher kind. It is imbued with the evidence of f^.miiLturer ge*
nius, than is exhibited in any one of the :poema we havif
enumer^d. It is inore condensed^ vigorous, . 9f^ palfiabljr
splendid. It ha^ more dignity, and less pue;iUty^ .^hejudi-
tims employmeaDt of antithesis and invfttion hfs,gii^w\it
increased energy, and very mvcb v^9& gaii^f4 by the Byrome
adpption of alliterative words, and the repercus^ive ewcts of
transposition. In fine, if the eulqgiuro bestowed oa Mr-S^lst of
having ^^ tontpletely trmtipb^ over tbefatalfaciUiy4^theiOCto*
eyllabicvereey"''^ be well deserved, its justification Js to-be sought
for in the language of " JRofcefey." The ver^ of *' The Jj^
oj the Islee" displays no improvement in Mr- Scott'^ style aam
the publication of its predecessor. Its general oomplesioa is
more banad-Iike, and it may be fairly stated to liold a medium
tank between that of .^^ Rokeby" and the author's earlier com*
positions. It is more lax and diffuse tlian that of the first, yet
more compressed than that of the last. Than that of ^^ Roke"
b\fi" the language is less stern and stately; than that of ^* The
JUty, ^c." more lofty and emphatic. If it does no^ liianifest
so many of the lighter graces as " T/ie Lay, ^c" neither is it
so^ deeply marked with the features of dignity as ^*: Rokeby"
Its general colouring is wanner than Uiat of the former, but
very inferior to the rich and glowipg tints of the latten Its
step is more certain and specific tlian that of ^< The Lay ;''
than Ihatof << Rokeby," less confidentand composed. The lan-
guage of ** T/ie Lord qftlie Isles," in fine, occupies much the
same station between the styles of ^^ Tlie Xoy^ ^c" and
'^ Rokeby," which adolescence possesses between in&acy and
manhood.

Having given this general outline of our objectijons to '^ The

♦ Sec Pre/ace to LordByrou's *« Cwvai/-,*'

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ScoH'^ Lord qf fhe IHe$. €i

Ijord qfthe f»fc»;** we proceed to sketdi the stoiy of the
|)oen).

Toe FmsT Canto opens with a song chaunted by the minstrels
of RonaM, Lord of the Isles, beneath the walls of Artomish
Castle, in celebration of his approaching marriage with Edith
of Lorn. The lady, who has been conveyed to Artomish by
her brother, there to await the arrival of the bridegroom (a cir-
cumstance not tmctistomary in that age) Nstens with cold indif*
ftrence to the lay of the bards, and upon the kjnd otpostulation
of h«r foster-mother, bUrsrts into an impassioned declaration
that " fte," Ronald,' with whom sheis deeply enamoured, " towt
her itot/^ and appeids, in proof of her asseveration, to his tardy
Imd reluetant approach. Her aged nurse endeavours, but in
vain, to soothe the agitation of her spirits. This scene is, at
length, terminated by their descrying the fleet of Ronald,
adorned with silken streamers, and otherwise sumptuously deco-
rated, bearing down from Aros Bay, to the halls of Artornish.
At the same instant a slight and wave- tossed skiff is discovered,
past which the nuptiil ai'mada sails regardless of her distressed
conditbn. The Weather-beaten bark, we are given to under-
stand, cofitains, brides her erew, two knights and tlieir sister,
personi^s of high rank, whose adventures are closely inter-
Woven with the business of the poem, and who are at last forced
by the iiArrea^ng Airy of tSie elements j to seek shelter within the
walls of the fortress, which it had been their strenuous endea-
i^our during the whole of the day to avoid. The description of
fhe vessel's approach to the castle through the tempestuous and
sjpiafkKng waters, and the contrast of the gloomy aspect of thb

1>illdws with the glittering splendours of Ajrtomish,

«» » • ■ ■ •>

. ^ " 'Xwixt cloud and ocean hung,"

sending her radiance abroad through the terrors of the night,
and singling at intervals the shouts of her revelry with the
wilder cadence of the blast, is one of the happiest instances
tff Mr. Scott's ffelichy in awful and magnificent scenery that
We remember to have ever read. The canto concludes with
the arrival of the strangers at Artornish, and the warder's an-
Tiouircement of his illustribtis and reluctant visitant^ to the
Lord of the Isles.

Canto tub Second. Ronald, seated at the head of the ban-
i|uet-table, endeavours, by a display of boisterous mirth, to
conceal some powerful emotion which, though unnoticed by
the guests, \^ nevertheless observed with anguish by his lovely
bride 5 when,- suddenly, the winding of the bugle-horn at the
portal of Artomish declares the supposed arrival of the Abbot

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of SU.Ioii^ to flplomiuie .t)ie ttuptiaky-^-he 4iOp^ th^ ^'^f^
Usted goblet,'^ but is relieved by the iaftelligeiice o^ the waider
t)iat tteree noUe^looking stamgen. claim tUe ritgbUctf boopi-
.tali^y a^ hi?, bands. . Tbe seneschal is difnec^ad. to lotroduoe
them : they enter, and he, stru^k^by tbeii^ lofty and dignified
bearingi assigns them stations above all the company, at which
all, but more especially the Chief of Lorn, brother of Edith,
are muph ofifeuded. iJoni, however, who is ia traitprgiis ieagm^
l¥lth the English ,king against The Bnice, .gu^esa^ig the iwk
fund Identity of 'the stn^igecs,,. cami^^mda oAe of tl^.n^in-
«tirels to qbaun^ an insul^ii^. S90g> recording the succeasfiil
&sue in favour of the rebel of .ai combat between him a^d bjs
sovereign. .At th^ close, tlie younger stranger, who has- been
previously irritated, ;by loom's insolent interrpg^^tion;^ Jays his
hand upon his sword with the design of chastising, thejoff^d^j
but is checked by the elder knight, who, however, in address-
ing the minstrel, at once realizes the suspicion, and galls the
pride of the traitor* Further concealment is impossible — t)]^
strangeiB are the King, his brother, and their ^ister the Prinr
c^ IsobeL Tumult of the n^ost ferocious kind succeeds this
discoveiy. liorn loudly and savagely insists upon the murder
of his Sov^dgn, in atonement for the death of bis kinsman^
Copoyn, slain at the altar by The Bcuce, in resentment of his
treasons; while Ronald as warmly assents tlie sacredness of
hospitable claims* His ardour is increased by the appeal of
the Princess for his protection to her toothers y and here breaks
.forth the cause of th^ perturbat^ion ]be manifested at the com-
menc^ent of the canto— the Royal, charms of Isobel, from
whom he had formerly and frequently received the prize at
tournaments, have seduced his heart from the object of his ear*
lier and af&anced afifec^tions. The broil becomes fiercer than
before, when the announcement of the Abbot prevents th^
effusion of blood, and the rebel consents to refer the case to the
monk, and to abide by his decision. The Abbot enters; after
hearing the malignant declamation of Lomagainst his Sovereign,
in which the death of C<wyn forms the principal charge, turns
round upon the King with a cold, stem visage; and questions
him whv he should not instantly give him up to the man who
is thirstitiig for his blood ? The Bruce, with brief and haughty
eloquence, justifies the deed politically, but admits that, as a
violation of religious precept, it requires religious atonement.
The conception and execution of the ensuing stanzas constitute
excellence which it would be difficult to match from any other
part of the poem. The suiprise is grand and perfect. . The
monk, struck with the heroism of Robert, foregoes the intended

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ttoatltemft^ imdlnreaks out iato a propheCie annmicialion of hi#
Unal'^tiinphover all his enemies, and the veneration in whkh
hia name vM be held by posterity . These stanzas, ^i4iich eon-
clnctetbe seeond canto, aeriTe their ehief tifleto encomium'froitf
the emphatic felicity of their bnjrthen>

" I bless thee and thou ahalt be bless'd;"

in which few and simple words, • following, as they do, a
series of predicated ills, there is an energy that instantaneously
appeals to the heart, and surpasses, all to nothing, the results
of passives less happy in their application, though more la-
boured and tortuous in their construction.

Canto thb Third. Notwithstanding the Abbot's prophecy,
Lorn remains impenitently contumacious, and reproachfully
rejects Ronald's proposal to reconcile himself with his so-
tcreign. The rebel chief summons his train, and prepai*es to
depart with his sister, who, however, terrified by his declared
resolution of giving her hand to the Earl of Cumberland,
has taken advantage of the confusion to quit the castle under
the protection, it is supposed, of tlie Abbot. The discovery of
her flight adds to the exasperation of Lorn, and after ordering
a galley in punsuit of her, he leaves Artomish with a mind galled
to madness. With the exception of Torquil, Lord of Dun-
Vegan, the rest of the chiefs, among whom are many who
have returned to their allegiance, disperse. The King retires to
take repose, under the pledged protection of the Lord of the
Isles, who at midnight interrupts his rest to assure him of his
perfect devotion to his cause. With the morning's dawn they
prepare to embark for the Isles to excite their martial in-
habitants to arms : while Prince Edward is charged to convey
the Lady Isobel to Ireland for security, and to

" Muster up each scattered friend.*'

' The King and Ronald set sail with favourable gales, but the
wind shifting, they are forced upon the shore of Skye, The
solitary aspect of the place induces The Bruce, accompanied by
Ronald, and his page Allan, to land in search of game. While
they are contemplating the dreary but sublime scenery of Skye,
they observe and are accosted by five vulgar and sulky-featured
men, whom Ronald, by the badges on their bonnets, guesses to
be vassals of Lorn. These individuals of "evil mien," after
informing them that their bark, upon the appearance of an
English vessel, hoisted sail, invite the monarch and his com-
panions to share with them a deer they have just slain. The
King and his party give a wary consent, and proceed to the
Crit. Rbv. \ol. IL July, iai5. I

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6A S^M% JMI 4^ Urn,

sninetaUewitliibeirbotW: and ooiicert their feeiinlflMrilbs

If l^ile th^ otb«n impose;. The Lofd of the I^les oonaeoli to ml
the first sentinel; and ea^lj mabtains himself hiscHiiiioIeiitylqf
reflections on hb.love for the Princess IsobeU and pHghted
faith to Edith of Lorn. The ensuing watch is undeitdkea
by the King: and the royal miiid, fifled with lofty and amiqart
thoughts upon his own and Scotland's fortvies, tlerfiea fto
approach of sleep, AUan's turn succeeds ; and the M^V
eyes are kqpt tolerably stedfast for a time, bytbe recolmtiotr
of his boyish haunts and sports^ the fond remembnUioe ^ hit
p3otber> -

'^ Hif littk siater*t greeii-wood bower/' .

and an the wildly-fanciful stories of enchantnient that de«
lighted the days of his childhood. ' Sleep at leagdi weigha
down his lids ; and-— he dies by the hand of one of die wodieAil
ruffians. His expiring groan rouses theKii^, who instantly
dispatches the murderer with one of his own firebraads. RcMDald
awakes ; and in conjunction with The Bruce^ speedily noaater^
the remaining bandittii who in theur last momjents -cokifasi
themselves to have been li^men of Lorn. They inmeai th«
sad destiny of Allan, and taking tinder their protection a bean^*
tiful but dumb boy, attested by the ^Ilains to have been rdr«^
cued by them from a shipwrecked bark the preceding day^^ aor«
rowfuUy quit the blood-stained hut. -^ r

Canto the Fourth. Prince Edward retums ftom -hi^
mbsion witb the joyous intelligence of the death of the En^K
Dsh monarch, the armmg of the palrbtsj and the arrival oCliar
band in the Isle of Arran. For Ajran they dmitt In the ttsauA
which conveyed the Prince from Ireland; and in their passage
through the Hebrides, rouse to action ttia martid chiefs and
population of the wests« Arrived at BtodidBBay> ift Anauv
The Bmeeis' joined by Douglas, Bbyd, Lennoxy De la Hay^
&c, and their futhfid and unshrinking soldiertk The Kin^ thebi
visits his sister, who, we are surprised to find, is residing m the
convent of St; Bride^ in Anran; the dumb bo; acpoinnpanies hint
as the future attendant upon the Princess; and The Bruce
perfarms his piradse to Hooald of pleading hJbjWt witkl^pbe^^
isobel in answer, and in the preaence of Iw lEiawpi^^ e«ni«st|f
assures her brother of her determination wt to Iwen <% ^lb<^
vows of her lover, until he layaath^feet = , ■-.

^' The ring whi^ boluid the fiMi^heawwa^ .
By Edith frBcly y]eI4ed o'er/' : . • .: ,,v t ea i

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'MMft&mt'* ttam Mm cagiyfaiiu wiHi UaT kivdr

Witli this answer Robert departs, fqid the canto concludes witft
his resolution immediately to attempt the recovery of his pa-
trimonial castle and demesne of Carrick^ opposite Arrapj from
Qiffbrd its English and usurping tenant* ;
. Canto tob Fifth discovers Isobel performing her matin de-
votion in the cloister of St. Bride. Rising from her orisons^
she perceives on the floor of her cell a packet^ addressed to her-
self. She opens it — it contuns a ringg and a resignment by
Edith of all her claims upon Ronald. Great as is her asto-
nishment, it. is increased, when upon enquiry whether any
stranger has been admitted to the nunnery since the visit of
Thr Brtice^ the porteres replies in the negative, but informs
hat that the dumb page has flown ! Is the mystery unnvelled—
m» it Editb herself ? The Princess instantly dispatches a mes^
aeagier to die army to seek the page. The messenger, a monk^
amves at the oimp> and finds that the page has been dispatched
hf the Prince to tne opposite shore, to agree with theftiends of
Toe Bruce upon signals for the attack of Carrick* The fleet
aets aailyirteering toward the flamingo beacim kindled by the pa«^
triots on the Carrick coast The picturesque efiect caused by
the illumination on the woody promontories and jutting rocks,
is .very vividly described. They proceed with hope; but the
fierce and brcMul spreading of the. flame, and its sudden extinc*
tioUj raise doubts m the minds of all but Edward, of its human
orkin. They land^-rthe dmnb ^tripling, joins them, bringing
wiA him a letter firem one of The Bruce's adherents, contain*
ing new^ that |be English are in force at Carrick and the neigh-
bwriog country, that Lorn and his rebds have just joined th«f
Imnds of Qiff(»d, and confirming their apprehensions concern^-
ing the mysterious and alarming beaccm* Daunted for a mo-
inent by these discouragipg tidings, the never-despondIng
Prince veiiyes their spirits, . .

r- I **Hapwliatmay>
In Carrick Caittdc's Lord mttsi stay j"

and ibey piio<$eMirftb Miovatod aidour to take up a position In
dbevilwtyal lh«fititidss,thcfe.ta concert the best plan of
gldm^ th# place* Tlw page aceompaniea their march,
chtend and supported by Ranald; but the strengUi of the
stxqpUng pi09ii«,iiM«al to the rapid and toilsome progress
9v«r tbeiw|;k and broken graun^ he is left behind in the hoi*

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J

low of a largie oak, wiMre he is dkcoraeed by a
party of the English garrison. Dragged before Clifisd and
Lorn, and revising aU answer to tbor qnaatioiis, he is oon-
demned and led away to immediate death. At the ]4ace of eK«>
ecutioD, the prayers and funeral lament for the victim reach the
ear of the Royal party, who are stationed in ambush. Ronald
bums for the instant attack — the King assures the impatient
warrior that

' They shall not harm

k ringlet of the stripling's hair/'

but directs him to wait till the troops shall have been so dis»
posed, as to cut off all communication betweexl the garrison
•and the detachment encircling the captive. To Prince Edward
is assigned the task of securing the drawbridge of the castle^
and to Douglas that of intercepting the fugitives. The signal
for assault, a spear raised by the latter ovei: the copse of his
appointed station, is speedily given by the valiant Earl. The
strife begins— <the page is rescued— the enemy are annihi>
lated: at the same moment the Prince attacks and secures the
fortress — Clifford is slain— Lorn escapes — and Carrick is again
in possession of its rightful owner.

Canto thb Sixth. Isobel has taken the vows in St. Bride^s
convent. The dumb page, now confessedly the Maid of Lorn,
at least to the Ppncess, has been sent to the convent for his,
or should we say her^ personal safety. The glorious achieve-
ments and triumphs of The ^^rucc during the following seven
years arc then recorded in about ten verses, at the conclusion of
which we pounce on the noutual preparations for the decisive
ccmflict of Bannockbourn. Here the immediate thread of the
narrative is broken, to inform us of the departure of Edith for
the Royal ciunp in her former disguise, to convince herself, at
Isobel's recommendation, of the renewed aflTection of the/aiVA-
ful Lord of the Isles for the fair object of his early and ardent
Udoration, — that gallant and prudent chief easily foregoing his
love for Isobei when he hears of her taking the veil, and with i
praiseworthy attention to his wofkUy affiurs, reswfning his suit
to Edith, upon finding that, if probable, the confiscated, lands
of her rebel brother will be conferred on the maid of Ixnu.
She arrives at the army the evening before the battle, -dnd re-'
veals her sex and name to the King; The Bmoe assutfBs her«f
his tenderest friendship, and places h^ on ah ernkvence in- the
rear of his troops,' with the attendants of the camp. Then fal-
lows the battl<f, in the description of whii^, tfiongh Kitle varied
from the account given'by the chronicler^ of liie .thaes> ther^

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nrrgkHiii^ tkitsaiid sdiiiinibly^iiiagiii^ sitiiatioiis^ only in?
iiniar Ixi those of liie inimitable stanzas in which Mf. Scolt has
ittmoDtalized the d^fimt of liis countrymen at Flodden. At tUb
dose of the combat^ Edith^ still disguised as the pageyand
f alarmed at the danger of bar- lover, whose banner she descried
jBoBting above the press, forgets lier dissembled dumbness, and
passioratdy calls upon the retainers <jft the camp to marshal
themselves in nulitary show, and bear down to the assistance of
the army. Hiey obey widi shouts of rapture the call which
appears to them the miraculous interposition of heaven in
favour of Scotland; and the English host, deeming them to be
iresh troops adnmdng to succour The Bruce, is seiaed mf^
confttflibn and paoic, and borne down and vanquished on everjr
side. The poem terminates with an order given by the King
to make prineely preparation for the nuptials of Edith with tbjb
liord'of the Isles- (whose pardon for his am(»0us perjury he
has .secured fpoin the Maid of Lorn) to be celebrated at thJb
Abbey of Cambuskenneth immediately after the performanoe
of mass for the i4ctocy with wliich it has pleased Heaven to
bless the arms of Scotland and The Bruce. <

. Such is the istory oi the Lord of the Iries; and the reader^' it
he has had the patience to read the whole of our examm, bmst^
we should dunk, have gathered from it sufficient e\Mence of
the ridiculous impropriety of the title. But this is not th6 oidy
delect of the poem. There afc several contradiclions-?-o£ hisr
tory^^-of character'-^-and of the poet l^ himself. -

Of hixtonfy a striking one occurs in tl>e capture of Carricki^
wMch did. not take place for years after the time mentioned a
m attaek indeed wasmade, and a considerable advantage gained
by The Bruce at the period of his return from Ireland, not
againtt Clifford, however, but Earl Percy. Clifford was in tb4
'aetion> under Percy, but was not slain: he fell at Bannoek^
bourn. ^ - * ••

Of the contradictions of channcter it will be suffieient to
bring forward one in that of The Biruce. That heroic monarch
was, unquestionaUy, of a temper never surpassed fer tte hu^
matiity, nmrnfieenoe, and noUeness; yet, to repvesent him sor«*
fowiag over tlio deBtfi of the First Plantagenet*^'-arter the re^i*
peated andstiemeddous iUs inflioted by that man on Scotland i
the patriot W^dhuie morderedby Ma«nto\ as^u^U.as the Roysd
raceof Wales; 'andthevietybrothefs^tdo,'of TheBnieeslaugh^
tered by hn command--^to represent Ue just and generous Ro^
btrt, we arepeat^ feding an iDflbmt^ compasmon for the sudden
frteof aniiscieaotlike thisy is>.we are coikipdled'to say it^.s0
and, in a Seottiift poeJv so unns^toiaL a y^>latk>u al(

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10 S9f(rtZ4fili^AtUii»

«0tQ«]ih€d Ihal the autluMr eoiild Wc MtaiiKflt tbe«de% ■voA
BM>i« tM he cmld s^fict hit pen I0 veeoMl it» This wwtched
ebmemeiit 00 the pert of The Bruet « fiwiher heishtmedl Iqr
l|»e Kb^'fi bAlf-iep«ebeiW9D of FirtRoe SAmnirt wefale end
etero eKpratsioaof wdyin^ bilred ^gaJMil bis eomtrjr'a epeitar
w4 hie fiumljp's MwiisiB. /^

Mr. SooU^ we have mH, eolilradietebuDieif* Hmt mU jhct
^EKpkiin the foUowiog fisiels lo oun ajid Ue rpe4tri* tetirfeetfang
Xhe UArd ewto infonns w thafc^Iaobd accwnpenfaeEdwiwd tta:
lif^i^d, there to lemaki till the tcnwietiaii of the .iMr|> end lit
4pMjWl^oftDtOy the aeoond day rfteg her jhpirt»ri» iw» 4ieei»q
^rrthe Princeta countung herbewlK and r^Mbff heviimiftlbfi^
dfietef of St. Bride in the iehiiid of Ainol We b«mUy bei«K^
tbe'Vmg%Jliiiw<rel''toeieariiptiM jDBltpir. .. > if>/iv
. Of tlie chmcters, Prince Edwaid is ow decided bofomntt^
Of unshaken rescdutioiiy of a valour reeUeea of all dbnge^ lyj^^
niantie and daiiptleM» we alwaya find Um«t Ae fml^f fieei|r<
lieedleM of offomtiat^ and beating dem all refiatanee. ; Q£
matchless activity, and burning to dieiingMiih Unieeif^ in mr
tion, in eouasel, Ednrard is ever thef first te ndweft.4p perfoapi^'v
The Bruoe, according to one notionst is. miudi l0O.eaIinp-<TlM-
wiUing to make the best of his adversary's Gase-*-too vaadjp 4»;
llhase die fine effiisioiM of hie farotber's geommit^fm^ Sfr.
Spotthas aimed aka oontiasi by investing the Kingrua&n dif^*
nity of language and mien superior to thai of the Piiiiees»
Thnatttei^>t has not been aUogetber suoeessfojU The most:
eommanding quality in a berois tiiateaefgji wUehtoveeeomesaU
dpntachu Now» of this qiMdity Edward indispirtaWy powesaea^
a greater degree than histmerbrother^andwe fttqiomitly feel,
that the Mge pceparation and fngid mancewrrmg^if The Brann
nmiU fail altogether where IIm unhesitating. Hnpetoosityief
Edward would command success« Ronald is an abortion^ l4wa
it admiiaUy drawn, and the character of Torvail of Duok
▼egattthis blnnt honesty, substantial patriotism, and.fnigged-
BWgnanimity— all bodind forth in a sort of uriUif •poeticet
spfeoh, very much to the pmipoae thnugb-*-comtilale this.'
HebricUan Chief a complete ociginaL We were surpmodi not
to find him b the battle. It is notifsdevant to remark 1^ the
way, that in his narnitiveof the oonfikst ♦ of flannockboum, Mr«
Scott seems more anadoos to blazon the pomp and valonr of his
•ountry's ravagers, than to paint theemiqnemig^ herasm of The
Bruce and his chieftains, Porone Soottiik name we find 1^
least half a dozen English; and the Ml of De Aegoatine, a
brave EnglMi knight, is atomed with mare

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0r«0leifd6uf«liftlitfi6 d«eM ^^The 'BtHee liBii^/ Of the
Ladiaslsobd and Edith we have little to saj, for Ittttela it they
do* Itfobel evidently tak^ the veil merely out of poUleneas to
ibe Miid of Loniy who^ notwithstanding the prudential fidde-
Mat of Ronald, maintains a most diaheartenmg attaebment to
diomereaat. The stoty of the dumb pa^e, though occasionally
giving birth to situalions of int6i«s^ w^ tipdn the whole, a
mawBth eontrivanoe> a new dMating lip (ff a very old trick.
Bdith perfbrms tiodung hi her character of a pa^e that could
not have been executed just as well, very likely better, by.
aay stoat lad. The chief Ipart of the share which these hdiea
pOBSsisipthe conduct of the poem, consists in very tedious and
oppitsilvo oonvertations about Adbr asutual mishaps; and it'
must bo cottftiia^ that they keen up the shuttleoock of chit«
chat with apersevamMe eKowungty hononthUeto the d*ugh«^
temof^B^. One of the most pkasmg and nluirt Aaracteira
ofthewhcdepoem, AHan, tlMiN^eof Ronald, we just set a
^bBaffie of, only to see him muxdered befof« &at eyes mr no.
eaithly teasoti that Kill abide a moments examination. The
pooT'boy should not have had the task of watching imposed
ufwn Imi tender yeanu That was the business of robusler
ftmnesr} and ahoidd haive bM^ divided belwtenThia Bruce and
his master.

&ampletdffm«edaBd mieouth dkition iffe A«quent; and'
thttd Is ktiAdueed a very respectabte quaatitt of obsolete'
tetaMi^ whieK^ our grandfttthers had very prbpeny exiled from;
tMr colkMuisI service «' Redff* for eoiBmet-^^* ytoma^ mgh^
«< ^Mm/^ wr nmain, to thyme with ^ tnen''-^^^ ers*,*^ for fir^
mmffi a batbarom whkh we are sorry to see so ^neral mth
ournhkiem bards: <^sAr{/l" for cofi/e^non, and ^calkeleas*'
forvnAiirf. WMi stmUar instances of verbal aflkelntion, we^
could ^uMiout much searehing ill several pages. Of the de-;;
feds of tMs hiteresling poem, for such it is, notwitkstandiifg*
the uensUre We hanre deemed it oUr • duty to bestow, we shall •
saynomore; but haststi to the more pksasing task of present'' *
iikf tktt readars wkh some of its tiumerous energetic or beau*"
tiful^ passages. Our first extract shall be the Ressing of^
Tho Bruce by theAbbotoflona—

^ Like man by prodigy amazM, '1

Upoh the King.the Ab()eiga2*d;
Then «r^ his fuliklfMtUfesglanca "

( r Oonvulaions of exiatie trance;

. UsrtoatUiigietfgna.iaokvithipk and ftst^.
: ,; AiAlton^hia pala.bliit.eyca warecaik

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f2 ScfOts lardqfOe libft

Strange rays of wild uid wandering liglit I

Uprise his lock^ of silver whiter
^ush*d IB his brow^ through every vein
In azure tide the currents strain^
And undistinguish*d accents broke
* \ The awful silence ere he spoke:

''PeBrqce*' I. rose with purpose dread -
V ^ To speak my curse upoi^ thy heafd.

And give thee as an outcast o*er
' . To him who burns to shed thy gore 3 —

But^ like the Midianite of old, .

Who stood on Zophim, heavcn-coritroul'd, *

I feel within mine aged breast

A powei* that will not be repress*d.

It prompts my voice, it swells my veins>

It burns, itniaddens, it constrains!—

De Bruce, thy sacrilegious blow

Hath at God's altar slain thy foe:

O>roma8ter*d yet by high behest,

I BLESS THEE, AND THOU SHALT BE BLE8S*P I"

He spoke, and o'er the astonished throng
Was silence, awful, deep, and long.

Again that light has fir*d his eye»
Again his form swells bold and high.
The broken voice of age is gone,*
'Tis vigorous manhopd's lofty tone ;*—
*' Thrice vanquish'd on the battle-plain.
Thy followers slaughtered, fled, or ta'en,
A hunted wanderer on the wild.
On foreign shores a man exWd,
Disowned, deserted, and distressed,

I BLE88 THEE, AND THOU SHALT BE BLESS'D ;

Ble8s*d in the hall, and in the field.
Under the mantle as the shield.
Avenger of thy country's shame.
Restorer of her iiyur'd fame,
Bless'd in thy sceptre, and thy sword,
De Bruce, fair Scotland's rightful Lord,
Bless'd in thy deeds, and in thy fame,
What lengthened honours wait thy name !
^In distant ages, sire to son
Shall tell the talc of freedom won,
» And teach his infants, in the use
Of earliest speech, to falter Bruce.
^ Go then, triumphant ! sweep along
Thy course, the theme of many a song!

• f?0sm would haye been a better word, and a better rhyme.

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The fqfweit who9t 4M«t«f swfU.my tow^^

HaTB BLESS'o TH£S^ AN9 THOU IHALT BB.BLBS8*D.'*

On this transcendant passage we shall onl^ remark, tbat of
the gloomy part of the prophecy we hear nothmg more througk
the whole of the poem>, and though the Abbot informs m
King that he shall be

*' On foreign shares a nUin exird,"*
the poet never speaks of him but as resident in Scotland^ up to
the period of the battle of Bannockbourn.

^ When the King ^'hath won his father's hall/' himself and
Ids friends take a shcMrt repast. The Brace, while the wine if'
circling, gives the pledge, <<Faib Sgotjlamd*s bights rb*
stobbd:**

'' And he whose lip shall touch the wine.
Without a vow as true as mine^
To hold both lands and life at nought^
Until her freedom shall be bought,—
Be brand of a disloyal Scot,
And lasting infamy his lot!
Sit, gentle friends! our hour of glee
Is brief, well spend it joyously!
Blithest of all the sun's bright beams.
When betwixt storm and storm he gleams.
Well is our country's work begun.
But more, far more, must yet be done !
Speed messengers the country through;
Arouse old friends, and gather new;
Warn Lanark's knights to gird their mail.
Rouse the brave sons of Teviotdtde,
Let Ettrick's archers sharp their darts.
The fairest forms, the truest hearts!
Call all, caH all, from R<Mlswair-path,
To the wild confines of Cape-Wrath;
Wide let the news through Scotland ring,
Thb Nokthbrn Eaglb clafs his wing!**

The attack and capture of Carrick, The Bruce*s paternal
mansion^ is admirable for the energy and briefness with which
it is described. It will be remembered that Douglas was to
give the signal upon his reaching the copse-«covered path, be-
tween the party that attiended the execution of the dumb page^
and the castle—

" What glaooea o*er the green- wood shade )
Tlie spa^rthat marks the ambuscade I—
" No>v, noble ehlef ! 1 leave thee loose >
Upon them, Ronald !" said The Bruce.
Crit. Rev. Vol. IL July, 1815. K

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f4 SeUfiLordi^ilmbki.

'' TlieAraoei The Bmee!** to wdl-kiown cry
His natire rockd and woods replf .
«' The Bruce, The Bruce^!" in that dread w«rd
The kndl of hundred deaths was heard.
The astonishM Southern gaz'd at first.
Where the wild tempest was to burst.
That waked in that presaging^ name.
Before, behind, around it came!
Half-ann*d, surpris*d, on every side
Hemm'd in, hew*d down, they bled and died.
Deep in the ring The Bruce engag'd.
And fierce Clan-Colla's broadswtmi rag^d!
Full soon the few who fought were sf^.
Nor better was their lot who iled>
And met, *mid terror's wild career.
The Douglas's redoubted spear !
Two hundred yeomen on that morn
The castle left, and none return.

The attack of the castle has been assigned to Edward^ and
ihe Prince with that customary recklessness wliich

^oft made good.

Even by its daring, venture rude.

Where prudence might have failed,"

has marched to the assault before the appointed signal —

'* Upon the bridge his strength he threw.
And struck the iron chain in two

By which its planks arose;
The warder next his aice*s edge
Struck down upon the threshold ledge,
'Twixt door and post a ghastly wedge!

The gate they may not close.
Well fought the Southern in the fray,
Cli£ford and Lorn fought well that day.
But stubborn Edward forced his way

Against an hundred foes.
Loud came the cry, ' The Bruce, The Bruce !'
No hope or in defence or truce.

Fresh combatants pour iuj
Mad with success, and drunk with gore.
They drive the struggling foe before.

And ward on ward they win.
Unsparing was the voigefulswotd^
And limbs were lopp'd, and lifie Uood po«r*4.
The cry of death and conflict roar*d.

And fsarfiil WHS tfae din!

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The startling horses pl«Bg'd and flung*
Clamour*d the dogs till turrets rung*

Nor sunk the fearful cry*
Till not a foeman was there found
Alive^ save those who on the ground

^ Groan'd in their agony I

* « « * « *

Then long and loud the victor shout
IVDin turret and Arom tower rung out>

The rugged vaults replied $
And from U^ doiuoi^ tower on high*
The men of Carridc may descry
St. Andrew's cross, in blazonry

Of silver^ waving wide IV

The following stanzas' are, we think, touchingly beautiful^
and breathe a sweet and melancholy tenderness p^ectly suit-
able to the sad *tale which they record. In their passage
through the Western Isles, The Bruce and Ronald touch at the
little bland of Canna, whose tower

'steep and grey.

Like falcon-nest o'erhangs the bay.
Seek not the giddy crag to dimb^
To view the turret seath*d by time;
It is a task of doubt and fear
To aught but goat or mountain-deer.
But rest thee on the silver beach.
And let the aged herdsman teach

His tale of former day;
His cur's wild elamour he shall chide.
And for thy seat by ocean's side
His varied plaid display;
Then tell, with Ganna's chieftain caa^e.
In ancient times, a foreign dapie

To yonder turret grey.
Stem was her Lord's suspicious mind.
Who in so rude a jail confin'd

So soft and fair a thralll
And oft when moon on ocean slept^
That lovely lady sate and wept

Upon the castle-wall.
And turned her eye to southern dimes.
And thought perchance of happier thneSj
And touch'd her lute by fits, and sung
Wild ditties in her native tongue.
And sHU when on the cliff and bay,
PUdi and pale ihe mom beauu fdojfg

4nd eper^ bn$»e i$ imae,

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IS Setae $ Lard qfihe lOm.

Upon the kme Behideaa'i ear

Steals a strange pleasure fmsed wsUhjear,

While from that cliff he stems to hear

The murmur of a luie,
And souTids, aeefa captwe kme.
That (tohoj mourns her woes m tongue unknown."

In tbese enchanting lines^ more particularly those marked in
italics^ our readers will doubtlessly discover a cast of idea and
tone of expression similar to that of Lord Byion*s exquisite ftble
at the conclusion of the ^^ Bride qfJbydos*"

The dream and death of Allan struck us as being, both in
conception and execution, one of the sweetest passages in the
whole poem. When his turn of watching arrives^ the poor
page, it will be recollected^ soon begins to feel the oppression
of sleep—

** Again be rou8*d him— on the lake
IiOok*d forth, where now the twilight flake
Of pale cold dawn began to wake.
On Coolin's cliffs the mists lay farl'd.
The morning breeze the lake had curl'd^
The short dark waves, heav'd to the land^
With ceaseless plash Idss cliff or sand;— •
It was a slumb'rous sound-*he tum'd
To tales at which his youth had burn*d.
Of pilgrim*s path by demon cros8*d>
Of sprightly elf, or yelling ghost.
Of the wild witches* baneful cot.
And mermaid's alabaster grot.
Who bathes her limbs in sunless well
Deep in Strathaird's enchanted cell*
ThiUier in fancy rapt he flies,
Andjon his sight the vaults arise;
That hufs dark waUs he sees no more,
' His foot is on the marble floor.
And o*er his head the dazzling spars
Gleam like a firmament of stars !
— Hark ! hears he not the sea-nymph speak
Her anger in that shrilling shriek ?— <
No! all too late, with AUan*s dream
Mingled the captive's wanting scream I
As from the ground he strives to start,
A ruffian's dagger finds his heart!
Upward he casts his dizzy eyes,—
Murmurs his master's name-— and dies!"

To each canto are prefixed some introductory verses. Of
these the best ai^ those opening the fifst^ fourtht wd fifth

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lixis of Caku Asmm PoVio, tfc. ^c* 77

cantos. Those of the second are passable; of the third we
may say the same; but those of the sixth are wretched. We
quote those of the fomrth: a lofty tribute of admiration to die
stupendous and solitary scenery of Scotland.

'* Stranger! if e*er thine ardent step hath traced

The northern realms of ancient Caledon^
Where the proud Queen of Wilderness hath placed.

By lake and cataract, her lonely throne;
Sublime but sad delight thy soul hath known.

Gazing on pathless glen, and mountain high.
Listing where from the cliffs the torrents thrown

Mingle their echoes with the eagle*s cry.
And with the sounding lake, and with the moaning sky.

Yes! 'twas sublime, but sad — the loneliness

Loaded thy heart, the desert tired thine eye 5
And strange and awful fears began to press

Thy bosom with a stem solemnity.
Then bast thou wished some woodman's cottage nigh.

Something that showed of life, tho* low and mean 3
Glad sight, its curling wreath of smoke to spy.

Glad sound its cock's blithe carol would have been.
Or children whooping wild beneath the willows green.

Such are the scenes, where savage grandeur waxes

An awful thrill that softens into sighs :
Such feelings rouse them by dim Rannoch's lakes.

In dark Glencoe such gloomy raptures rise)
Or forther, where beneath the northern skies.

Chides wild Loch-Eribol his caverns hoar —
But, be the minstrel judge, they yield the prize.

Of desert dignity to that dread shore.
That sees grim Coolin rise, and hears Corisken roar." m.

Aht. VIII. — Lives of Cams Asinius Pollio, Marcus Terentus Farro,
and Cneius ComeUus GaUus; with Notes and Illustrations, By the
Rev. Edward Berwick. 8vo. Pp. 178. Triphook. 1815.

To the editor of the present biography the public is indebted
for that of Messala Corvinus and Pomponius Atticus. This
gentleman is distinguished by a classic taste, and we ardently
desire that his interesting labours may be liberally received by
the patrons of literature.

C. A. Pollio, one of the most splendid ornaments of the
Augustan Court, is celebrated by Virgil in bi^ fourth eclogue*

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78 IJffM^QimJmammPii^

PolUo, «t ibat periods filled Ae eoomilar diair at Rome. Hm
force of his charader u^ however^ made mcve familiar to the
generality of our readers by Pope> who thus displays ila graa*
deur —

'' Statesman^ yet friend to truths of soul sincere^

In action ftiithful; and in honour clear;

Who broke no promise — serv'd no private end j

Who gain*d no title ; and^ who lost no friend :

Ennobled by himself; by all approv*d ;

And praised^ unenvied, by the Muse he lov'd."

We compliment Mr. Benvick for the classic judgment with
which he has explored the ancient schools^ and thus reanimated
a model for future ages.

" In writing the life — says our editor— of the most accom-
plished man of the Augustan age— of one^ who will live as
long as poetry and good sense are held in estimation by man-
kind; it is a matter not unworthy of observation, that the only
means left us for ascertaining the year in which Asinius PoUio
was bom, arises from our knowing the year of his death, and
his age at the time of it. He died, according to the Eusebian
Chronicle,* at his Tusculan villa, in the year of Rome 755, at
the advanced age of fourscore; and, consequently, if that date
can be relied on, was born in the year 675, when Marcus iEmilius
Lepidusf and Quintus Lutatius Catulus| were consuls, a year
distinguished in the Roman calendar by the death of SyUa.

From the rank, wealth, and reputation enjoyed by Pollio, we
might have expected to find his birth and early pursuits com-
memorated; but poets laureat did not grace the fashion of
those days. Indeed, the name of Pollio does not appear on re-
cord until the year 709, when he must have been, about thirty-
four years of age, and when he is represented to have acquhed
considerable command in the ^rmy, His piilitary talents

* Pollio AsidIus orator et consularis, qui d« Dalmatis triampliavit LXXX
•tatis 8US anno in villa IXxsculana moritur : nervwA virilitaUs baud pamim
eiamptum.

Tusculum was the classic air chosen by Lucien Bonaparte for the stady of
kis beantiftil poem ; and, in that neighbourhood^ Cicero composed his *^ Q^cs-
tioues,** in 6ve books.

t One of the triumvirate with Augustui and Antooy aftar the death of
.Onar. He was of an illustrious race, and debased bis character bv ambiUoa*
He equalled bis eolleag:ues in the cruelty of his proscriptions, and sacrifice^
bis brother. He maintained bis power without dignity ; and died in obscurity.

X Q* L. Catulus is celebrated tor his splendid victory over the CarthagioiaMi*
Be was, also, remarkable for oratory and epigrammatic compoaitioii. Hia
death was memorable. During his consulship he was, by prder of \jm co|t
league, shut up in a dose room, and tuSbc^M with smoke.

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•ventnaUy ranked so high, that we find him among the ocnrndf-
«f CiBsar, when that great captain halted on the banks of the
Rubicon, and said to his friends, ^^ We rrvay yet go back; but
if we once pass beyond tUs little bridge, we commt our fate to
the dedsUm of arms/'

Plutarch, in his life of Caesar, describes the importance of
this moment very fully, exhibiting the mind as well as valour of
his hero with very animated touches. Poilio was firmly attached
to Ccesar, and rendered him eminent services in his African war*

" Of his services and attachment Ciesar was so sensible^ that a
skMirt time previous to his death, he made him governor of the
further Spain, from which he wrote three epistles to Ciceni^
which fortunately still are extant, and serve to throw a light on
the early part of his character. These letters were written from
Corduba in Spain about the months of April, May, and June, ail
within a short time of each other. In 710, the year subsequent
to the death of Cssar. In giving them to the public, 1 shall
make use of the incomparable translation of Melmoth, who
speaks of the writer of them in the following just and appropr^te
terms of praise : ' Asinius Poilio was in every respect one of the
most aocompUshed persons among his contemporaries. His exten*
sive genius was equal to all the^ nobler branches of polite literature^
and gave the most applauded proofs of his talents as a poet, orator^
and an historian. He united the most lively and pleasing vein of wis
and pleasantry with all that strength and solidity of understanding
which is necessary to render a man of weight in the more serious
and important occasions of life: in allusion to which uncommon
assemblage of qualities it was said of him, that he was a man
omnium horarum,'

" ' You must not wonder,* says Poilio to Cicero, ' that you
have heard nothing from me in relation to public affairs since
the breaking out of the war. Our couriers have always found it
difficult to pass unmolested through the forest of Costulo* : but
ft is now more than ever infested with robbers. Tliese bandittij
however, are by no means the principal obstruction to our inter-
course with Rome; as the mailsf are perpetually searched and
detained by the soldiers that are posted for that purpose by both
parties in every part of the country. Accordingly, if I bul not
received letters by a ship which lately arrived in the river 1 should
ba^e been utterly ignorant of idiat has been lately transacted in your
part of the world. But now that a communication by sea is thus

* ** Caatalo a city anciently of ^reat note, situate on the River Boetis. The
Smkm Oattkleimitu i> mentioned by Livy t * I^itnr terrestribus quoque copiis
Mitit 6dciitRom8nuft usque ad Sahum Castuloueusem progressus est.' "

f «c TakeUofU Messengers, eommoiily slaves, by whom the Romans sent
their lectan,'aft they had no established posts. Sometimes there was an in-
•criptioa on the outside of the letter, sometimes not."

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to Uou qfCamt^Jimim PoOio, tfc. 9<f«

#|ieiied belireen lu, I shall frequently and with great pleasiurm
embrace the opportunity of corresponding with you. Believe me,
there is no danger of my being influenced by the persuasion of the
person^ you mention; he is far from being detested to that de-
gree which I know he deserves^ and I have so strong an aversion
to the man^ that I would upon no consideration bear a part in
any measure wherein he is concerned. Inclined both by my tem-
per and my studies to be the friend of tranquillity and freedom, I
frequently and bitterly lamented our late unhappy civil wars. Bat
as the formidable enemies which I had among both parties, ren-
dered it altogether unsafe for me to remain neuter, so I would
not take up arms on that side where I knew I should be p^rpe-
tmdly exposed to the insidious arts of my capital adversary. But
though my inclinations were not with the party I joined, my
spirit however would not suffer me to stand undistinguished
among them, in consequence of which I was forward to engage
in all dangers of the cause I had espoused. With respect to Caesar
himself, I will confess that I loved him with the highest and most
inviolable affection ; as indeed I had reason. For notwithstanding^
his acquaintance with me commence so late as when he was in
the height of his power, yet he admitted me into the same share
of his friendship, as if I had been in the number of those with
whom he had lived in the longest intimacy. Nevertheless, as
often as I was at liberty to follow jny own sentiments, I endea*
Toured that my conduct should be such as every honest man
must approve, and whenever I was obliged to execute the orders 1
received, it was in a manner that evidently discovered how much
my actions were at variance with my heart. The unjust odium
however that I incurred by these unavoidable compliances, might
well teach me the true value of liberty, and how wretched a con*
dition it is to live under the government of a despotic power.f
If any attempts therefore are carrying on to reduce us a second

* << Jnkmp, as Maiiutias conjectures: thou^Ii some of the comaieatators^
with p«ater probabiiity, suppose that he means Lepidus, and with them 1
a^ree ; for it is hardly conceivable that PoUio should at this time have express-
ed himself in such unequivocaUy hostile langua^ of a man whose cause he so
shortly after espoused. JSesides, in another leUer to Cicero, written in a £nr
weeks after, he seems to fear the known freindship he liad with AjUobj
would fpve his enemies an occasion of misrepr^entingf his intentions.

** Hooke in his Roman History, makes nere a vague conjecture, and says,
Perhaps it was Gils, as Pollio had early distinguished himself by a' public im*
peachiuent of that emmati mm. Why Cato is mcntiooed, I doaTC knew f foe
the emintnt jnoh of that name had fallen at Utica three years before the date fidt
this letter. Besides, the Cato impeached by Pollio was Caius Cato, a'turb'u*
lent tribune, and not him whom Jurenal describes as hsvini^ drapt from hea-
ven—^ eah cecitUt Caio,"

t <' Whatever were PoUio's real senUmenU at the time of writiar^* l«tter,
it is difficult to say: but his subsequent conduct was not at all answeiafale la
them ; for he joined Antony shortly after, and by this step contributed greatly
to fix and perpctuaU the whole power of the staU in the hands of a skiglfr
person."

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lioeB qf Cams Amnim PoUio, ^c. ^I- dl*

time under the dominion of a single person, whoever that single
person may be^ I dedar^ myself his irreconcileable enemy. The
truth iS| there is no danger so great that I would not cheerftiUr
hazard for the support of our common liberties. But the coosub-
have not thought proper to signify to me, either by any decree of
the senate^ or by their private letters, in what manner I should act
in the present conjuncture. I have received indeed only one
letter from Pansa since the ides of March,* by which he advised
me to assure the senate, that I was ready to employ the forces
under my command in any service they shoiHd require. But this
would have been a very imprudent declaration at a time when
Lepidusf had professed in his public speeches, as well as in the
hetten he wrote to his friends, that he concurred in Antony*s
measures. For could I possibly without the consent of the for**.
mer^ find means to subsist my army in their march through his
provinces? But granting that I could have surmounted this diffi-
culty, I must have conquered another and a still greater, as nothing
less than a pair of wings could have rendered it practicable for me
to cross the Alps, whilst every pass was guarded by the troops of
Lepidus. Add to this, that I could not convey any dispatches to
Rome; as the couriers were not only exposed in a thousand dif-
ferent places to being plundered, but were detained likewise by
the express orders of Lepidus. It is well known, however, that I
publicly declared at Corduba, that it was my resolution not to
resign this province into any other hands than those which the
senate should appoint :{ not to mention how strenuously I with-
stood aU the applications that were made to me for parting with
the thirtieth legion. I could not indeed have given it up, without
depriving myself of a very considerable strength for the defence
of the republic j as there are no troops in the whole world that are
anunated with a braver or more martial spirit than those of which
that legion is composed. Upon the whole, I hope you will do me
the justice to believe, in the first place, that I am extremely de-
sirous of preserving the public tranquillity, as there is nothing I
more sincerely wish than the safety of all my fellow citizens 3 and
in the next place, that I am determined to vindicate my own and
my country's rights. It gives me greater satisfaction than yoo
can well imagine, that you admit my friend into a share of your
intimacy. Shall I own, nevertheless, that I cannot think of him
as the companion} of your walks, and as bearing a part in the
jdeajBantry of your conversation, without feeling some emotions of

• *' Since tbe 15th of March 709.

t *' Lepidus was at this time at the bead of a considerable army in the Nar*
bonensiau Gaul, which Cesar bad annexed to that partofSpaiu which lay
, nearest to Italy."

I Pollio could not by words have pven more singular proofs of his seal for
what Ci<^ro called the i«pub^.*'

§ « Who this friend was* is Dot known. Middleton, in his Wfe of CJjrj/j^^^
»ays it was Gallus ; bat assif^us no reason for bis opinion.

Cbit. Rev. Vol. II. July, 1815. L

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a2 Uoei^(kau$Jgkm$P4iaii$,»fc.tfc^

envy > Iliis^ % piivik^ beUei^e m*, wkkh I iaSttitely td««» «A
you shall most assuredly experience, by my devotiug tlie wliol»
of my time to your company, if ever we should live to see peace
restored to the republic.

" ' I am much surprised you did not mention in your letter
whether it would be most satisfactory to the senate that I should
remain in this province, or march into Italy. If 1 were to consider
only my own ease and safety, I should certainly continue heref
but as in the present coiyuncture the republic has more occasioa
for l^ions than proyinces (especially as the Loss of the latter may
with greater ease be recovered), 1 have determined to move U>*
wards Italy wkh my troops. For the test I rete you to the letter
I liave written to Pansa, a copy of whicb I herewith tfausoMt Uk
you.' '*

In another letter, Pollio describes the temper of Ins tvoops,
wavering between their honour and their interest. He, at the
time, commanded three legions-r^brave legions he calls them—
whom, notwithstanding, he finds it very difficult to preserve
from desertion. Valour is one sinew of war; but bribery is
another. Antony had made oveilures to these troops of a very
tempting nature: he caused it to be made known to them, that^
oil the instant, every man who repaired to his camp should re-
ceive five hundred denarii (about fourteen pounds sterling),
with the additional promise, that on his acliieviog a victory^
they should share eqii^ly with his troops in the spoils of coo*
quest — ^^a reward," says Pollio, *^ which all the, world knpwt
would have been without end or measure." He, however,
averts the evil, by cantoning them in distant quarters, and by
other wise and precautionary naeasures. From this letter, fuU
of sentiments of attachment to the Senate, it is evident tha)t<
Pollio does not wholly possess the public confidence. He re*
marks, that from the readiness with which he has obeyed all
the orders sent to him from the Senate, they might be assured
of his zeal in the^ performance of any others they might have
tliought proper to commission him with. He, however, pire-
served the tranquillity of the province over which he held com**
Biand: he maintained his authority over the army: he usedaU
wise measures for the good of the Republic] yet is he left to
deplore his unappreciated services.

<^ If — continues the letter — the majority of the Senate, and
the commonwealth indeed in general, had known me for what
1 am, I should liave been enabled to render them much more
]m))ortaut services." "^

On this paragraph the editor very pfiqperiy observes, that it
** " ""^aijliat the Republican party had not confidence in him;

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m&UBMfmttljj thtir awpicioii might hate hurt the feeling^ of a
li^«spirited man, and abated a zetd which, if propeiiy fanned,
might have heen turned to their accoant. History, we believe,
finroishes many similar instances, either of the impolicy or the
ingratitude of governments, towards those distinguished per«^
sonages most deserving from them.

The third and last letter which remains of Pollio to Ciccrq,
was written subsequently to the preceding, after the writer bad
heard of Antony's total discomfiture at Mutina. After ob*
aervmg vspon the recent ev«iifs of the war, Pcrflio esthibits his
enmity to Antony, by- sdyiifg, ^'Nothirtg can be more dan^^
gerons than to give himtime to recover strength.^

We learn that no date stands affixed to this last letter from
PolHo to Cicero; but that, from taking into consideration the
date of the battle of Mutina, and the passages relatmg to the
delav of the couriers, it must have been written in June.

We restrain our own reflections on the important subject of
this letter, to give place to those of the translator of Pollio^
who feelingly regrets that *' a character so truly brilliant on the
intellectual side, should shine with less lustre in a moral point
of view ; and, that in talcing a part with CsBsar against Pompey,
private considerations were of more force with him than the
pablic utility, and determined him to support a cause which his
heart condemned/' The editor adds, that ** from his writfaigs
it mav be ftdrly inferred, thatPolHo was, in his heart, well af»
fected to theRepuMic; and firom the natural rectitude and
candour of his disposition, it may also be inferred, that what he
says is true. An event of an extraordinary nature had already
taken place In the capital, for which he was wholly unprepared.
His fnend had been assassinated in the Senate, In losing a
patron for whom he had the greatest esteem, and to whom he
owed the warmest gratitude,* he lost that proud and flattering
support of arbitfaiy power, which hdd not only fixed his alloi-
jgiance to the dominion of one man, but in some measure recon*
dled him to it. The consequence was, that his political views,
iNffaioh were origindly republican, assumed their first c6m-
pkxjon, and continued so until he found that the several in-
terests aad objects of the chief men were become so predomf<^
Bant, multiplied, and corrupt^-cund the hope ot restoring th^

* ** CBsarem Tcro, quod |ne iq tant4 fortnniL modo oo^itum* vctustissi*
flsonm ftmiliarivm loco babuit,' dilexi sumrnA cum pietat6 et fld6, &c. — ^Pol-
Uo^cBaom.

** In tniA, C«ar't.ciftr«ni« idiabUity «ftd Mptivirtiii|^ maanen, hU im*
hiMUuittl muaiAc<nce, and splendid style of liv)i)$| were qxialitieft whidi at*
tfafctad anivcrwa agfclriiticii.^

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pcywer of the Senate and RepobHe so hopden, thatit was ne-*
oesMry for him to idn one party or the other: imfortunateljr
for the interests of his country, he took the part of its enemies,
by making a surrender to AnUmy of "whatever troops he com-
manded/'

Shakespeare describes the qnalities of Antony to be far
more conciliatory and affectionate than those of the cold and
crafty Octavius.

" Mark Anthony I aerv'd^ who beat wat worthy;
Best to be 8enr*d 5 whde he stood up and spoke.
He was my master, and I wore a life
To spend upon his haters/*

^tttoaif and Clenpatra,

Let ity however, be remembered, that, notwithstandmg Pol-
lio, by his junction with Antony, contributed greatly to give a
decided superiority to the anti-Republican cause; yet Tacitus
assures us, he retained a proud spirit of freedom subsequently
to the destruction of the commonwealth; and this spirit he ar-
dently cultivated in the mind of his son.

" The two following circumstances serve in some respect to
prove that PoUio kept Si\ve in a most despotic court a few sparics
of public liberty ; for it appears when Augustus called on certain
persons of rank, each according to his fortune, to adorn the city
with public edifices, he repaired the Atrium Libertatis, whieh
stood upon Mount Aventine, and which, from having been totally
abandoned by the goddess to whom it was erected, and by all her
Votaries, must have fallen into sad decay. To thb may he added,
as a farther proof of Pollio*s independent spirit, that Augustus cmt-
dered a cessation of the Trojan games, of which he was particu-
larly fond, in consequence of the bold and sharp remonstrance
which PoUio made in the Senate agamst their continuation ; and
the only reason assigned for his dislike of them was, his grand-*
son's having broken his leg in them.'*

. Now, although it is impossible to forget that Pollio had acted
under Pompey, CsBsar, and Antony, and coDseqvently conld
not have been actuated by a jmre patriotism^ sldUy in the oonrst
o| iiis memoir^ we adknowMged the aplendouv of Ids chaaa^*
ter as a soldier. Alluding to the attachment of the ajmy^
Black well observes, although with ungracious candour, **.that
he was a thorough soldier, and resolute to make a fortune^oost
what it would ; and that having great opportunities of doing Hi
he never lost the use which was to be madt of them." *

But Pollio lived in distracted times^ and^ to hk glory be it

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mtrndHy 4b«l wbtttever fertanehe amassed, ^vas conToted tor
tlie most honourable uses^ and to the encomngemdrt of learn*
iDg and literary talents.

In the year 714, from the foundation of Rome, PoIIio was^
elevated to the consiilar chair with Cneius Domitius } an event
memorable for the mediation of the former on the part of An-
tony, and Maecenas on the part of Caesar, which concluded
a peace between the rival chiefs of Brundisium.*

" In the year that followed his consulship, an insurrection
broke out in Dalmatia, a province which was all'dtfted to Antony
in the late distribution of the empire. By Antony>B oonsent, if
aot express orders, Pollio led the arncy he bad commanded for five
^rears to quelt it. On landing in Dalmatia, he dispersed and -de*
fiealed the enemy wherever he met them; laid siege tq their ca*
pilalcity Salona^f, which he took i and, after stripping the inha-
bitants of what they possessed, returned triumphant to Rome in
the end of the year 7154

'' This triumph closed his military career ; after which, de-
voting his whole time to literacy repose, he took no active part
whatever in public concerns : the cause of his friend Antony, which
he had nbt oqly upheld by chara,9ter but condupt, began to decline
in proportion asrhis infatuated. passion for Cleopatra increased, till
at last it sunk to such a low.,ebib of public infaniy^ as made it un-
fit to be even countenanced oy Any man of good character ) and
yet, notwithstanding, Pollio refused taking any part with Augustus,
to whose application for accompanying him to the Actian war,
he made the following memorable reply : § ^ I have done more for
Antony than he has rewarded me for, but his .favours are better
known than the services I have done him. Settle your diiSei;encei
without me; I shall withdraw from the conflict, and become the
^poil of the conqueror.* This refusal, however, on the part 6^
Pollio, did not prevent his enjoying a share in the good graces of
Augustus, whose dispositions he assisted in moulding aadiormiag

• Vide Horace, &th Satire, Ist Bpok.

f Hence theaame of his moomI bou, Asimua SahHuim.

X Cut laurtts sternos honored
Dalttatico peperit trhnbpho.^^HoRAC%.

DnriD^ this expedition, Virgil addressed to Pollio one of his most beantUol
^elDKnes, the PkarmaeeutfiOy an ixnitSttou of one with the same tMs iaTliko-
cfitoM .-"•W Aureif .

{ ** Non pnetereatur Asinii Pollionss (actum et dlctimt raemorabile; nklii*
que cam se post finmdusioam pacem eontiavisset ail' Italia, aeque aut vidisset
onquam reginam, aut poet eaervatum. aaadre ejiia Ajitonii afeiimum, partibus
c|o$ le miacnisset rogaote Cssare, ut secura ad helium proScUcereturActia*^
eum * Mea, intuit hi Antonium majona merita suat^ illius in me beueBcia nom
tiora ; itaqua diseiimine vestro me subtraham, et ero prsda victorisJ— V. Pa<-

TSBCULVi."

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i^ m i%1it fdmkiislfatioa of n wotld whicli Ui imOfdiQiile ao|-'
bition ht^ so violeiiUy 4ibiiBe<L"

III raodem times^ grftaX men are 4IstiDguis}ied^by their de-
votion tospme particular profession; but the anofus of anti«
quitv frequently present u& with the statesman^ the warrior^ the
^ivihan^ the poet, the historian, and the orator, all concentrated
in one grand picture of individual attainment. Such was PolKo ;
one of the most accomplished scholars of the most accoro^
plished age.

From file preceding sketch, we follow him to a retirement
embellished by the arts and soieiieea^ as well as by the beil€9
letfcTM. We view him, therefore, ennobling a private life wHht
every delicacy that the mind eouM give to enjoyment, and witiv'
a fortune equal to the realization of every wish that soothes
benevolence or gratifies refined taste, fn this retirement he
was surrontided by friends, who, like hiqiself^ ornaipented th^
age they lived in.

^ ♦' Next rbing mom wllfh double joy we greet,

' When we with Plotitis,* Varius, Virgil, meet,

Pure spirits those, the world no purer knows,
For none my heart with stich affection ^Idws :
How oft did we embrace! pur joys how jgreat*
Js there a blessing in the power of Fate^
To be compared insanity of mind,
fo liriends of such companionable kind V*

** Yet in this retirement-— continues our editor— illustriotwr
fe it must have been from all the splendid circumstances that
graced it, I fear there were certain soothing appendages wanting^
which might have gilded its most irlcsom^ moments (of which

* PosterfthiKoriCnrnraHoi^imliMiiiia: aamqu^
Plotittft et VuiuB SinaesBfle, VirpiliatQiie
Occumint^ aoinue quales iMqae oaaoididrei
l^erva tulit : neque queis me-ftit defrinetior aitAr.
O, qui compkxus, •! gaudia qimiUi fuerunt \
Nil ago coatokrm Jucuudo Mnua amicp.

HoRACB, I. l,Sat.5-

Viqpl >* ^^ ^^ bave oiada Plptius Tucoi. f od Qumtqi.V^ut hU heua, and
to have commiUed to them the charge of revising ancl correcting his ^Sneid. . ,

Of Vaviii$> Horace saypi

•T— ^ Forti epof acer
Ut nemo, Varius dacit.

Atld ofViigil;

— ^^— MoHc atqiie fkeetum '
VirgiUe anoaenint gamtentesnirt caraens.**

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M retifement is utterty devoid) and wMeh afe wdl eniuiMMtaA
$anoog TliompsoD*8 ireqmsites for ^ happy life :

'' An elegurt sufiUiency, content.
Retirement, rural qpiiet, friendship, books,
Piogressive virtve, and ^proving Heaven.**

', Vimlf we are assuredf composed his Eclogues by the advice
of Poilio; and Dr. Warton esteems it among the foremost ho-
noun enjoyed by that poet to have been patronized by PoIIIq.
Hence we may attribute all the briUIancy of fancy which deco*
ntes these Eclogues, and .reoewa the splendours of the golden
9gt, to Vjigil'a ambition to render his poetic labours worthy
the benign protection of such a consul as Pollior—

'^ Si Canoinui syhas, Sylva smt consuls ^Ugna'*

Poilio, as an orator, distinguished himself before he atfmhed
his one and twentieth year, by the address with which he pro-
nounced an impeachment against Caius Cato, a turbulent Tri-
bune;— and from Quinctiiian* we learn, that Poilio^ Csesar, and
Calvus, appeared at the bar long before they arrived at their
questorian age, which was seven and twenty. On this subject
our editor is perspicuous, interesting, and classical in his notes
and observations. The youn^tr Pliny classes PoHio among the
greatest men of Rome; and Velleius Patercnlus places Poilio
m the list of celebrated characters who adorned the ^Augustan
age. He is described to be tlie rival of Thucydides as an his-
iorian ; but we must limit ourselves to the considerationf, that
Pbllio was generally eminent as poet, orator, historian, and pa-
tron of the arts — referring to tlie elegant little volume before
us for an enlarged view of his transcendant talents. We shall,
however, lightly notice, that, as an historian, Poilio bestows
much praise on the death of Verres, the object of Cicero's im-
peachment, and is tlie only writer who has spoken with any de-
gree of malignity of Cicero's death.f Yet, spite of .these pre-

■■ ■"■ .■■■■■» ^■■n. ■- ——I ■

* Calvus, Cesar, FoUio, multum ante questoriam omues etatem gravissima
judicia suscepenint.

t Cicero, it is weU known, behaved with ^rmt co»|x>sure ia klf last
BomcaU. It is, however^ the only event in all his misfortunes that he tup*'
ported with fortitude. He was in the list of two hundred proscribed by
Antony, and doomed to death. Antony yielded a man to whom he partly
owed his greatness, and Cicero was pursued by the emissaries of Antony ^
among whom was Popilius, whom he had defended upon an accusation of par-
ricide. He had fled in a litter towanls the sea of Caicta ; and, when the as-
•assins came up to him, he put hi« head out of the litter, and it was severed
from hh body by Heretm ms . Th is memorable event happened in l>eccui)>er 43,

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jodioes whi<^ arose from PoUio'a attachmeot to Antaoj, hm
otherwise speaks highly of Cicero, which justice Vossius re*
cords, as coming from an enemy, is high eulogium. We also
notice Pollio's remarks on Ciesar's Commentaries; and it wiK
be remembered diat they served in the same wm. ^^ These
Commentaries-Hmys PolKo-^were not drawn up with much
care, or with a due regard to truth/' Plutarch, moreover,
takes notice of Pollio's history, and says ^'that its author. Who
fo^ht on liie side of Caesar, has assured us, that of the r^ular
troops there were not alxive six thousand men 'killed at rhar*
salia/' ^ ^

On his composition, Quinctilian 'observes, it was trktis et
jejunusi and other Commentators describe it tobedziru^ et
iiceus; but that style marked the harsh school of the Appii and
Minenii. On this head. Dr. Stewart says — ^^ the fact is, that
PoUio, although a tolerable poet, shewed himself as a critic to
be vain, arrogant, and capriaous. His dry and rugged style
ill fitted him to succeed in the historic character; and with the
envy natural to a little mind, he thought to enhance hb own,
by decrying the merit of a successful rival."
. This attack of the Doctor's is not very liberal; and if we
believe Horace, not very true. That PolUo possessed wit is
indubitable from the following-, powerful anecdote.

Caesar, when a young man, ^jpote against PoUio: the latter
made the following eloquent reply — Jt ego taceo; mm est enim
facile m eum scriberej qui potest prosceiberb. We shall sum
up in the words of Dr. Wharton.

<' Pollio was one of the most illustrious characters that ever
adorned Rome: he was master of many various accomplish-
ments, that seldom shone together in one person — was a skil-
ful and successAil general, besides an admirable historian,
orator, and poet. Horace joins with Virgil in bearing testimony
to the excellence of the tragedies he wrote, in one oi his most
beautiful odes in which we cannot forbear observing that the
poet, conscious of the dignity of the person he was writing to,
has exerted Iiis genius and warmed hb fancy, and has given us
some of the most spirited and sublime images that are to be
found in his works.''

PolUo had the honour to be the first man who founded a
public library for the use of men of letters. This library he
adorned with statues of the most learned men of antiquity. He

B. C. after the enjoyment of life for 63 years, 11 monthsy and 5 days. The
head and right hand of the orator were carried to Rome, and huu^ up in the,
Roman Forum. Fulvia, the triumvir's wife, drew the tongue out of the mouthy]
^nd bored it through repeatedly with her bodkin.

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. ifBs a Kbenl cnoounger of the mrtt and acieiioe% which heoul-
tlvated himself^ and fecommended to the protection of the Emi'-
peror^ under whose munificent .patroni|ge the Muses made
Kome their favoured .seat'*

Lastly— -Though Pollio 'became a courtier, he never becam6
the flatterer of Augustus. His original sentiments as to the
freedom of the Republic remained 3ie same. In the presence
of the Emperor he jntaised the memories of Brutus and Cassius.
Tacitus remarks, that Scipio and Afranius, Brutus and Cassius^
are extolled in the works of Pollio. Messala Ck^rvinus boasted
that Cassius was his general. Yet these illustrious men flou-
rished in the esteem of Augustus and enjoyed wealth and ho<>
jnours. Pollio died at a good old age at the imperial court.

The biography of Marlus Terentius Varro will be given in
our next. x.

AaT.XI.— ^ Gukk to the Reading and Study of the Holy Scriptures.
Bff Augustus Hbkman Pman ck, AM* laie Profenor of. Divinity,
4md of the Greek and Oriental Languages^ in the University of Halle.
Translated from the Latin, and augmented with Notes ; distinct No*
tations of some of the best Editions of the Greek and Hebrew Scrip*
tures; and a copious hut select List of the most valuable Commentaries
and BibliaU Works; exhibiting also, in each Book, the Criticisms of
able Dtvtfiet; together with an interesting lAfe of the Author: iy
William Jaaues, Private Teacher, and Editor of Amdt's True
Christianity, 8te, Pp. S79, exclusive of Preface and Biography.
Burton and Co. 1815.

A.T a time when the sacred writings are so generally diffused,
. and the knowledge of the eternal truths they contain so uni-
versally cultivated, the appearance of this translation we regard
as extremely seasonable and appropriate. To a mind enlight-*
ened and sincerely pious, It is indeed a source of considerable ex^
ultation to witness the rapid multiplication of the readers of the
Divine Word; but when it is contemplated how much the mys*
terious language of Holy Writ is liable to perversion, how
much the plainest passages have been wrested from their true
meaning, and how many are the errors into which the ignorant
may be led, without instruction in the proper method of pe-
rusing the Scriptures, no one, we think, will hesitate to con*
fess, that the publication of a work, the express object of which
is to direct the student in his course through the Inspired Vo*
lume, is at once auxiliary to the promotion of the true religion,
and of inestimable advantage to all who are anxious to ascertain
Jhe real groimds of their faith.

Crit. Rev. Vol.11. July, 1815. M

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90 Jaqaes^t Tratalaiion of Francl/i Guijk.

Under the 4m|ift8rioii cf lliefle ^efttfattiotts, we sekct the
** Guide " for review. Precedently^ however, to entering on u
critical description of the tract, we propose td present to o\i^
readers some account of the life of its learned and exceHent au-
thor; convinced as we are, that the memoirs of so distmgiiished
a labourer in the holy vineyard, cannot fail to be highly ac*
ceptable to every lover of sound piety, and highly useful as -a
practical illustration of the precepts of Christianity.

Augustus Hbrman Franck was bom at Lubec, on the
12th of March, 1663. At the period of his birth, his father^
a counseller at law, executed the ftinctions of Syndick of
the Chapter of the Cathedral Church, and of the seveml states
of the principality of Ratzenburgh. Subsequently he was
appointed to the office of Aulic Counsellor to Emestus Pius^
Duke of Saxe-Gotha. His removal from Lubec toGotha he
survived only four years; and at the time of his decease, his
son had only completed his seventh year. Yet so early and so
strong were the symptoms of piety exhibited by Augustus, and
so powerful was his attachment to the Sacred Volume, that his
father had already determined to educate him for the church*
Being now, however, bereft of the protection of his father, who
had carefully fostered the seeds of religion which had taken root
in his mind, and not being proof against the force of vicious
example, he suffered a temporary relapse from his devotional
habits. Still he was not so alienated from God, as to be ex-
empt from occasional compunction and remorse. Amid the
scenes in which he was engaged, and the pursuits into which
he was seduced, reflection would sometimes intrude itself, and
teach him, for a moment, his degenerate condition. With the
process of time his sense of sin gained ground, and he insen-
sibly learned to despise the unprofitable amusements of his as-
sociates ; till, at length, about the tenth year of his age, he
felt, what he himself emphatically styles a dimie attraction in
his soul, and the spirit of grace resumed its empire over his
thoughts. The words of the Redeemer, Matt. vi. 6, ** When
thou prayest, enter into thy closet,*' were deeply imprinted in
his heart, and he earnestly requested his mother to allow him
such a retreat. His wish was fulfilled; "and, on every ftitnre
day, when his tutor dismissed him, instead of mingling in the
sports of his companions, he retired to his closet, and with hi;
hands and heart directed to heaven, poured out his soul with
great fervour. The following words, the simple suggestions of
his own mind, or rather Holy Spirit that prayed in him, were^
at this period, often in his lips. < Blessed God! it is necessary
that there should be various employments among men, aU hav-

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ipg d^cxent ends, aad yet all orentually issuing in Ae matu-
fetation of thjrglory* I humbly pray thee that my employ-
ment may be such as shall- tend^ immediately and solely, to thy
honour/ "

In this devout course he continued for some time with uipi-
abated zeal. His diligence in his studies, however, expe<- .
rimoed no relaxation. Indeed, it was his constant obsemtion^
when speaking of his acquirements, that he found ^< that the
more assiduous he was ia devotion, the greater progress he
I9ade in his studies; and that when he neglected prayer, he
could do nothing well at his desk, even though he exerted him-
flt^lf with the greatest application/' After passing a year of
pfobatioB at the great school at Gotha, he was, at the age of
thirteen, publicly elected a member of the University. Though
nominated so early, he did not repair thither until two years
after his appointment, but prosecuted his labours under a pri-
vate preceptor* The Universities of Erfurt, Keil, Leipsic, and
Lunenburgh, suectsrively enjoyed the honour of numbering
him among their pupils during the subsequent eight years.
And the aoquisiticms he made in ^very branch of literary science,
reflected no less splendour on those seats of learning, than on
his own research and abilities. Indeed, ^<he was accounted, .
for his years, one of the most'' erudite << men then living. To
the knowledge of the Greek and Latin languages, he added
that of the French, Italian, and English; but his greatest ap-
plication had been to tiie Hebrew tongue, which he studied
under the famous Ev^brap Edaard; and in which he perfected
himself,, by teacUnf it to Mr. Weichmanshausen, afterwarda
Professcnr of Hebrew at the University of Wittenburg."

Dmring bis attendance at the school at Gotha, Mr. Franck
had oontraetad intimaoy with most of his fellow^rstudents, be^
fore he was aware of their propensities, which were somewhat
at an irreligious cast. The consequences were lamentable,
though short-lived. His fervour ia the cause of Christ gra*
dudly dUuinishod, and he fell into the snares of worldly. cor-*
i:u|^tion» Previously to his departure from Leipsic, h^ was re*
quested by a person of distinction to translate the ^'Spiritu
Aj||^ide" of Molinos, in which is inculcated the doctrine of
quietism, aiid for which the author had been sentenced to j^^^
petual imprisonment by the Inquisition at Rome, The perusal
of thja work had a beneficial influence on Mr. Franck. It was
sooa succe^ed by his total conversion to God. Hitherto his
studies had been principally directed od Pompanij as he liim-
solf apresses it; imd though he frequently conformed to the
dnHies of a ^iritual life> hf was stiU vmder the paramount con*

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9t Jaques^s TVanslaiion ofFrancVi Gfode.^

' troul of sublunary desires. ^^ His acqowitance witih Avnratf
remained speculative and theoretical." '* I was," he observes,
*^in my heart, a mere natural man, who has a great deal in his
head, but nevertheless a stranger to the truth as it is in Jesus/'
Perceiving his depravity and unworthiness, and fully con-
vinced of his incapacity to deliver himself from the bondage of
sin, he fell into the most pungent grief. He had recourse to
prayer, — he implored pardon of his apostacy, and with un-
feigned earnestness '< besought the Lord to work in him an
entire change." His petitions were destined to be heard.
Receiving an exhibition, his patron recommended' him to go
from Leipsic to Lunenburgh, to attend the theological lectured -
of the celebrated superintendent, Sandhagen. Not long after
his arrival, <' he was desired to preach at St. John's Church,
and had a considerable time allowed him to Prepare his dis-* '
course. The text he chose was John xx. 8 1, ^ Tnese are writ- •
ten, that ve might believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of
God ; and that, believing, ye might have life through his name.'
He proposed to shew, from these words, the properties of a
true and living faith, as distinguished from that which is barren •
and speculative. As he was meditating upon this subject, he
Inflected that he himself was destitute of the faith he would de-
iscribe, which put an immediate stop to his study, and turned
all his thoughts upon himself. He fell into great agonies of
spirit, and continued for several days inconsolable; till, at
length, it pleased the Lord to lift the light of his countenance
upon him, and to fill him with that fiaith for which he was
rightly disposed by a due sense of the want of it." Two days
after he pronounced the sermon.

In the year 1685, he took the^ degree of Master of Arts at
Leipsic. This, though highly honourable to him as a man of
learning, was far from being the distinguishing mark of bis
eareer. He was appointed by an overruling providence, to
tread in the steps of Amdt, Grosgebauer, and Spener, and, like
them, to take a part in the general revival of Christian know-
ledge* Haidng concluded his academical studies, Mr. Franck,
with a select portion of the students, established a society,
denominated dollegwm PhUobibUcum, for the purpose of ana-
lyzing the Holy Scriptures, and of more eflectuallv reducing to
practice the vital principles of religion. The Society received
encouragement from some of the most eminent divmes of the
age, and rapidly increased in numerical strength. And so
considerable was the effect of the institution on the lives and
manners of the members, that thev acquired the designation of
PkMs} a name which alarmed the jealousy of the great

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b^dyefprofesson of theology: iiiMnrach,thatbAiq^l<89,
proceedings were adopted by the ecclesiastical court of Dres-
den, for the avowed object of rigidly enauiring into their
tenets and designs. The natural results of this measure, were
mutual bickering and animosity. Every sect in Saxony was.
in a state of ferment. . Accusations were framed against the.
society, and the cause was heard, by special mandate, at Dres-
den. The influence of the j^rosecutors prevailed, and Mr. Franck
and his adherents were banished from Leipsic.

Undismayed by this decision, this pious man proceeded to
Erfiir^ where he was inunediately presented to the cure of St.
Austin, by the resident professor of divinity. Here he held*
meetings for the catechizing of youth, which were numerously
attended, and proved abundantly successful. But the antipathy
* of the Roman Catholic magistrates being excited, he was driven
from this retreat. He was then invited by Dr. Spener to
jrepair to Halle, where he was received with hospitality and
friendship, elected Professor of the Greek and Oriental Lan«
guageSf and pastor of Glaucha. His enemies, however, pursu^
him even in this asylum. Their allegations were submitted
to the judgment of commissioners : and the issue redounded
80 much to his honour, that the King of Prussia became his
patron, and warmly countenanced his plan for the disseminatioig^
of the gospel.

Invested with his new functions. Professor Franck continued
to signalize himself as an able e]qx>sitor of Scripture. Always
huninous in his interpretation^ always affectionate in his ex-
hortations, his school was crowded to excess : and he enjoyed
the supreme felicity of converting many an unbeliever,' wb<^
might otherwise have sunk into death, utterly unconscious of
his duty to God, and of the means of salvation. But his labours
were not confined to the public delivery of discourses. He
was himself & fractical example of the divine doctrines he
taiqpht» His e£G9rt8 to ameliorate the conditbn of the poor
were above all praise. Indefatigable in the cause of cliarity, ha
was ever the first to afford alms, ever the last to weigh personal
wants: and the Orphan-house at Glaucha has immortalized
the name of Franck.

" In the year 1698, he was chosen to fill the^ chair of pro-
fessor in ordinary of divinity; and in the following year he re«
dgned that of professor of languages.*' His new dignity he
retained till his death, which took place, to the attested grief of
all Saxony, in the month of June, IT 2*1. We subjoin a list of
his iBOst important works*

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94 Mohib^ Cat&Iflg»H«TAio2o{gy,

, *' \. MawRhfdio ad £ioclmiem seriptaivb imam. (The woik
under review.)

'^ 9, Praelectiones KenqetieHtics de y\k des^tre iudagaodi €t
exponendi Senium Scripture Sac,

. *' 3. Brevis e$ luculea^ Scriptaram Sacram fructu leg;endij
IjDBtitutio.

"4. ProgranunatadivenU temporibus in AcademlSl Hajlensj
Publiee proposita.

** 5. Introductio ad lectionem Prqpbetaniiii.

**6., Programmatft et Ojiuscula.

<^ 7« Methodos stiufii Theologici.
. «< 8. Commentatio de scopo .libroram Veterit tt NoW ITesIa*
laenli.

'' 9. Obecrrationes Btblice.

'' 10. Idea Studiosi Tkeologiflp.

''11. MoQita Pastorulia Theolqgica.

'' 12. Christ tbe Sum and Substance of the Scriptures.

'' 13. Tboughta on the iBost useful Way of Preaching,

" 14. An Introduction to the Biiile.
. " 15. An £ssay on the Pious {kiucation of Children.

^' 16. Account of the Rise and Progress of the Orphan^House,

'' 17. Essay on Luther's Translation of the Bible."

[To he concluded in our next."] o.

I! ' M I M U„l, , ■■■ l,=gBg

MONTHLY CATALOGUE,

THEOLOGY.

Mr. lO^^J LeHer ip the Right Rev. Thomtt^ Burge$$, D.D. F.R.S^
and FJk.8. Lord Bishop of St, Daeid^i: o^mtairUng Remarkf oh hin
Lordihip's Introductkm to the Po^trine of the Trinity, and to the
4thananan Creed, By a Clergyman of the Church of England^
Pp.92. RodweU. 1815.

Tbovgr unalterably attached to the principleB of the establiriM)
tiiufch, we are yet sensible of the manifold advaata^ct ariaiag
Irom theolog^ical controversy. Conacioua thai doubts can be i»»
tn&Ved^ error supplanted, and truth extend its dominion, only by
oilm inquiry and dispassionate argumentation, we are ever ready
to lend our support to the promulgation of opinions, candid in
themselves, and advanced with temper^ ever disposed to cherish
the spirit of discusMon, when mild in character and uninflam-t
matory in purpose.

Tbe author of tbe episUe before us (we hare some suspicions of
his being a " clergyman'* of any church) claims respeet for the
very scrupulous adherence to decorum which distjnguiilMS hia
pages. He asserts with caution, and examines without partiality.

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'whole«tndn of his nannuig m flO'idodeMle> yet «o m^y^ jttnl
ire^biak no oiie> of whatever peniiasiQii> oaa peroie the in^ aad
not be Ailly coaviaced of the recihuiie of his i&tenlioiis.

The main object of the addreas isy to cspoitvdate with» xaUMf
than to asaaSl, the*Bifthep of St. DaTid-^to express idoahts of, ra-
ther than to deny, the verity of the poaitiooa, oontained in. hit
'* Introdnotion to- the Trinity, and to the Athaaaaian Creed/' — 9mA
to prove, that, admitting the THnity tobe rev.ealied in theScrip^
'torefl, it is not so clearly and expUeitly revealed as to warrant the
assertions of the Bishop, that '' It is- the great purpose of the. gos-
pel;" ^'thefiiithwhidi makes US Christians r ''thefiu4hwhkb>
except every one do4cep whole and nndefikd, witsoot Dovnt,
he shall perish everlastingly." The writer is not a Unitarian, nei*
ther is he a Trinitarian ; 4ho«gh 4ie confesses he approaches
^'much nearer to*' his ''Lordship than to Mr.Belsham." But,
eager in the pursuit of truth, and ansiious to ascertain whether the
doctrine of the Tririity be built upon Irrefragable evidence, and if
so, whether belief in it be indispensable to salvation, he enters
into the investigation with a patience of research and coolness of
mind, which are highly honourable to himself, and cannot fkil to
^ve general pleasure. He displays, moreover, no smaU portion
of learning, acutenees, and discrimination.

As a specimen of his style, we quote the eosuing paragraph.

^'. Instead then of that severe law which, in obedience to the
Athanosian Creed, has been passed on the Christian World, I
could wish to substitute something of a much milder nature;
something far more congenial with the spirit of our religion and
the benevolence of its great Author ; and am disposed to think>
that the faith or belief which makes a man a Christian is a belief
that the Scriptures of tbc Old and New Testaments are revelations
from God, the one by Moses, the other by Christ j and every one
who has this faith is a Christian, whether he does fdoj or does fdoj
not believe in the Trinity; whether he does fdoJ or does fdoJ
not believe in Transubstantiation or predestination, or any other
ccmtrov«rted point. If he is ("bej a Jew who believes in the Old
Testament and the divine -mission of Moses, strange indeed if he
is rbej not a Christian who believes in the New Testament and the
divine mission of Christ. If a man then shall take the Scriptures
for his guide, and endeavour to understand them as well as he can,
he is a true sincere Christian. These terms of acceptance every
good man must wish to be true : but the opposite opinion every
good man like your Lordship, even while he holds it, must> from
the very bottom of his heart, wish to be false. This profession of
faiih throws open the gates of Heaven to all sincere inquirei:s,
however erroneous and absurd their notions may appear to other
ChristSaas. This admits of salvation as ftir as faith is concerned,
for all who believe the Christian Revelation; for Trinitarians,

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96 HmiMyGnMoga»^n^^

wbellier Athana^tiis, RoiirtB, or Nomiiialiits ; lor Ariaw, higb
and low; for femirAriuw, Ui^tanaas, and creiy otiicr deBoa^aa-
tioQ of heretics, u they have been called, which the fimhAil oan-
troversy of the Trmity has produced. This makes aUowaace lor
theinflaences of education and habit, and for that infinite variety
of tempers, dispositions, and capacities which we obsenre in the
world } and it also provides for that pectdiarUi/, that eccaUndiy of
Intellect, which is sometimes seen among the sons of men. Per-
haps you will say, that these men are heretics. It may be so:
but tdl some guide, more infallible than the Pope, shall answer the
difficult question. What is heresy > I cannot, amidst the great va-
riety of opinions which good men hold, say who is the heretic. Is
it not much better to leave such things to the great Seardter of

Abt. 11. — Fovr Semums preached in London, at the Twenty ffirtt Gene-
ral Meeting of the Miitumary Society, May 10, II, 12, 1815 -, bythe
Rev. AngUM M'lnioah, AM. Tain; Reo. Jatnee Boden, Sheffield;
Re». John Hyatt, London; Rev. M. R. Hlmh, A.M. Bristol. Also
the Report of the Directors, and a List of Subscribers. PubUshei
for the Ben^ (fthe Society. Pp. 68, independently of the Re-
port and List. Williams and Co. 1815.

The SB sermons reflect much credit on their respective authors.
Ardent devotion to God, clear exposition of his saving precepts,
earnest exhortation in his Son*s name, and pious zeal in the cause
of pagan conversion, are their distinguishing features. Our limits
will not allow us to give quotations from nJl 3 but we shall cite a
passage from the first, which will serve as a general specimeii^
The text is taken from John xvii. 3, '' And this is life eternal,
that, they might know thee the only true God, and Jesus Christ,
whom thou hast sent/' After commenting on the instructive
beauty of this sentence, and its encouragement to the dissemination
of the Word, Mr.M'Intosh thus proceeds —

" But though the reading of the Scriptures is well fitted to pro-
duce the happiest eifects, and is often blessed for the salvation of
sinners, the institution of preaching seems to be the great mean
employed by the head of the church for bringing sinners to the
knowledge of the truth, and for building up his saints in their
most holy faith. It is his command to those whom he hath al-
lowed to be put in trust with the gospel, to preach the gospel to
every creature : and the Apostle of tlie Gentiles tells us, that faith
cometh by hearing, and hearing by the word of God — preached by
those that are sent. And how shall they hear, saith the same
Apostle, without a preacher? and how shall they preach unless
they be sent? I cannot convey my sentiments on this subject in
stronger or more appropriate terms than have been used by one
who has lately pleaded the same cause before this Society : * that

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I may do fiill justice,* says he# ' to the cauae which I now plead«
before God> angds, and meo^ I must call the public mind acr
riously to contemplate, that the utmost exertions of all the Bible
Societies in the world, detached from the living labours of en-
lightened and faithful missionaries, would entirely fail as to the
effect of introducing and establishing the kingdom of the Saviour
in any one heathen country. The Bible may be transited, and
aealously conveyed into such countries; it may be received and
looked at for awhile as a curiosity; it may operate even to create
a pr^odice in favour of Christianity ; it may even be the instm*
ment of conversion in a few singular cases, by the more unusual
sovereign agency of the Holy Spirit : but where any extensive and
permanent effects are to be accomplished, living interpreters and
publishers of the truths of the Bible, and examples of dieir power,
most be prepared and sent forth, that ' the eyes of the heathen
may see their teachers.' This is the way wherein, according to all
the past history of the dmrch— according to every statement
which the Bible itself exhibits, we are authorised to expeot the
kingdom of Him who ascended on high, leading captivity captive,
and gave gifts to men : ^nd he gave some apostles, some prophets,
and some evangelists, and some pastors and teachers, for the work
of the miniBtry, for the perfecting of the saints, till w« all cotae
in the unity of the faith. Let it not then be imwined> that the
heathen world is to be subdued and converted by the Bible alone.
Though it were at this moment fhll of Bibles, stiU, fivm the
throne of the adorable 'Three who bear record in heaven,* woulfi
sound the voice, ' Whom shall I send, and who will go for na?*
The voice would still proclaim, 'Depart; I will send thee -far
hence among the Grentiles.' ' Go ye into aU the world, aad.prsach
the gospel to every creature.* *'♦

The Missionary Society certainly claims the strenuous support
of all who are zealous in the cause of humanity and religion. The
dictates of the former unite with the commands of the latter, tp
render imperative the duty of enlightening our fellow beings with
the rays of the gospel, in whatever clime their lot may be cast.
What labour more pleasing to a true Christian, what service more
acceptable to God, than the converting of idolatrous man, and
making him acquainted with the means of salvation ^ -This- is
the great object of the Missionary Society; — and it affords us un-
feigned delight to state, that already has it been effected to a very
considerable extent The islands in the South Sea — China — ^the
principafities of India — a large portion of Africa — ^Malta — ^North
America — and the West Indies, have experienced vast benefits
from the indefatigable exertions of the delegates of this insti-
tution, iuld promise to become regions, wherein the truths of Holy
Writ will be very generally acknowledged.

, - — — — — -^ - 1— ~

• Rev. John Love*8 Sermon, 1813,

Grit. Rev. Vol. II. Julyy 1815. 'N ^

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AftT. 12*— ^n HiUwncal Sketch of the Fftnch Revolution ; leiik Origi^
ntd Anecdotes. Part L — From the taking of the BattUe to tht
breaking up of the National Convention, Part IL — Erom the Dt*
rectory to ihe Fall of Buonaparte. By Robbrt Thompson^ an
Eye-witness to (of J the Events. Part f. Button and Co.

To ascertain the proximate causes and nicer machinery of
ihe French Rerolution is a tari^ for some future MachiavdlL
But there can be no doubt that its fiindamental organization and
iemote impulsions existed in the imbecile despotism of the family
It dethroned. The system of government pursued by that family
noay be described in the abstract as radically vicious^ and suicidal.
The monarch might with more propriety be considered as the
tyrant of the ^Aristocracy than the ruler of the nation. The costly
despotism of the Sovereign exhausted the coffers of the nobles,
and thegaudiness of his court at once awed and seduced liiem into
eubjeedon; the ostentatious pomp of Paris was naturally imitated
.by its worshippers in their own domains -, and the mass of the peo-
ple^ vassals of a degenerate noblesse, were crudted by the double
taxation of royal and aristocratieal extravagance. A religion
which easily adapts itself to all the vices of human natute^conBoli-
-doted and upheld this withering system. Philos^hy was impiety,
.political enquiry was treason : they were visited as crimes^^and if
any enlightened person were to give it as his opinion, that in
'Fmnee* up to the Revolution, more bold and original talent was
murdejred in prisons and dungeons than has ^nce that period
mumined Europe, tee should not feel disposed to dispute the
soundness of his assertion.

The present pamphlet does not admit of any cmtical analysis.
^Mr. Thompson's '' Htetorical Sketch" has scarcely any relation to
history. It is a remorseless tirade against the Revohitioii, andal-
most all the Revdlutionists. Yet he is rather fierce and vulgar
than high-toned and eloquent. He has some ability ^.Ibut rage
win not allow him to reason— detraction forbids him to-be digni-
fied. Was this ^ocMire written originally inprose or vetse? Was
the prose interpolated in the verse, or the verse in the prase ?

POETRY,

Art. 13.<— Succuums Oper€B$ or, Selections from Ancient Writers, sa*
cred and profane, with Translations and Notes^ By . the^ ^ev.
H. M££K, B.D. Author of Remarks on th^ Cassandra of Lyoh
phron. Pp. 124. Rivingtons.

Tbu is a complete literary o2io; or, as the author terna It, a
''publication of literary scraps.** Traariations from Lyoophron
anid PindaTj with a copious array of comments — ^A Greek Ana-
creontic by Barnes — ^Verbal criticisms on Lycophron — Horace—
St. Paul^-^. Luke—St. James^ &c« Ac. are suo6essi»ely served

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mpi «Bd9rov«]|lir.Maeaa.m«9^1eiMriiiogaiidehw Tb&

vacnoQi are,, ilk geaeral^ remarkaUe for their fiddiit]r :-*but foe:
spiril «Bd Dpetic tone, those of Lycophroa decidedly clQiia the.
prefereoce. Theve is aa exalted iaspiration^ ao irregiuar but g^
rtooa sifthlkmte- i«^ PiiidiU% which we look in vain .for in I^ycip-
piifoni and which it is. no derogation to Mr.Meen to say, he by.
no means equals. On the other hand, Lvcophron, though truly
a poet, was. one of the second order, itis Casaandi^> certainly^
contains sooie bursto of superior genius; but its chief features are
anaoothneas and ordinary, conception. To transfuse his chamo*
taistics is, tber^ore, no impracticable task. And it is not too
much to a#sert, that Mr. Meeft here succeeds in his, i^tempts. Thf .
following wUl serve as a specimen.

Cassandra laments the fall of Troy, and the subversion of I>ar«
danus*s tomb*-

'' Twice and again my tears fbr Ilion flow,

Doom'd to behold fresh^pectacles of woe $

When swords the mightiest of her chiefs shall slay.

And flames in ashes her proxd structures lay.

Yes; foray town fresh tides of sorrow springs

And for the tombsrof mairjr an ancient king :

For his the chief sepukbral piles among.

The diver's tomb, horn Atlas daughter sprung,

liike Ister's boar, he stems the beating tides,

A solitary swimmer, gtirt whh hides.

Saos^ tlM GorybaiiMs' guarded seat.

He left; feet swimming, like the fowl of Crete.

He left Zerintbus, in wl^Me secret caves

The dog^destiioying goddess nightly raves :

What time vindictive Jove, in bursting raina

Pescending, ponrM a deluge on the plains;

When the tall towers, that long the storm withstood,

Sow'd to the blast, and sunk beneath the flood;

When the pale wvetch^ ei^erting every limb.

Saw death before him, and still strove to swim.

To groiFes and vineyards, whales and dolphins stray'd,

Pevour'd the mast, and on the vintage prey'd;

And hungry sea-calves, eager to be fod,

j^ush'd to men's roofis, and shelter'd in their bed."

Amr- 14.-wPoemi fty 0iKam Covfier, of the hmet Thfiple^ Esq. In
Three Fohtmei. Vol, IIJ. Containing his posthimous Poetry,
mid a Sketch o/hU Lift. By hii Kinsman, JfofiN Jonvidv, LL,D.
KedCT of Tdxham wUh WeUfome, t^ Norfblk. f. C. and J. Ri«
vington, Simpkin and Marshall, ftc, }8I5,

EvtiT reUe of snoh a man and such a poet aa^'^^^' ^ ^-^
dons in thftostimatiim of viiitue and genius, T ''™^9itliis

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itjft Monthly Catdogue-i^l^oeffjf • '

eminent individual is associated with the sweetest dentim^ts of
religion; for the pietj of his Hfe was instilled into his works,'
which are not less remarkable for their purity of precept than
their originality of thought and potency of diction.

We conceive Dr. Johnson to have performed a very acceptable
service to the lovers of poetry, and the admirers of Cowper, by
the present publication. The volume contains a ''copious, but
carefiil selection from the unpublished poetry" of his amiable and
admirable relation : the selection appears to have been made with
great judgment^ since we can sincerely say, that none of the pieces
are unworthy of their distinguished and lamented author. The
translation of Vincent Bourne's ** Strada Philomela*' is truly Cow-
perian — it unites brevity with fullness, and simplicity with point*
edness.

" The shepherd toucVd his reedj sweet Philomel,
Essayed, and oft essayld to catch the strain.
And treasuring, as on her ear they feel.
The numbers, echoed note for note again.

The peevish youth, who ne'er had found before

A rival of his skill, indignant heard.
And soon (for various was his tuneful store)

In loftier tones defied the simple bird.

She dar'd the task, and rising, as he rose>

With all the force, that passion gives, inspired,

Retura'd the sounds awhUe, but in the dose,
Exhausted fell, and at his feet expir'd.

Thus strength, not skill, prevail'd. O fatal strife, .

By thee, poor songstress, playfully begun }
And, O sad victory, which cost thy life.

And he may wish that he had never won.*'

The versions from the Anthology are, in general, very b^utifiil
and limpid reflections of those exquisite remains. Of these, many
are elegiac j but we shall quote ope of the lighter kind. It is

" Ak Epitaph.

** My name — ^my oouatry — ^what are they to thee?
What, whether base or proud, my pedigree ? .
Perhaps I far surpassed all other men —
< - Perhaps I fel^ below them all— what then?
Suffice it, stranger! that thou seest a |;oaH>-*
Thou know'st its use — ^it hides— no matter whom."

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AitT. IS.— -JBrtHsft Heroism, exemplified in the Character of his Grace,
Arthur, Duke, and Marquis of WeUmgUm, and the brave Officen
serving under his Command, in HoUand, the East Indies, Portugal, -
Spam, and Frttnce. /Bf WilXiam Sum, Smdesiand. Crale and
Co. 1815. . : :

NoTwiTHSTANDiNO thc Latiti mottos^ we slnrewdly suspect this
Tersificatkm of the Gazettes to be the production of sotne idle or'
insane worshipper of St. Crispin. It is not very honourable to the
cause in which Marshal Wellington and his army hare distiagvished"
themselves^ that their heroic achievments should be commembrated
in such cobbled trash as the following : — ' ^"^

** To prove that merit haa its due reward^

In every country honours pre prepared

In bright succession, greet th* heroic name, ,

MARinJi& OP. WiLuvGoroN ! well known to {san»^

Rod'rigo's dukedom faithfiil Spain bestows^ - ^

And Conde d'Vimiera Portugal shows , f

Marquis of Vedni gratitude displays.

And owns the hero's wellrdeserv'd praise ^

Proves by high honour on the emblazoned shield, ;

The laurels gain'd on the embattled field. .

Segovia left th* intruder's direful sway,

Marks his fell footsteps, nor permits delay,

Suooessful e^wts crown the British arms.

The Peninsula 's nearly freed from harms.** *

Mr. Smith gives us to understand that this is his first attempt.
We trust, for his own sake, tl^t it will prove his last. We fcef
fbr his subscriber?.

DRAMA,.

Abt. 16. — The Golden Glove, or The Farmefs Sonf a Comedy {^.
Five Acts: wUhsome f^oetical Sketches on Occasional Subjects, By
ioHN Lake, Author of the *' House of MorvUle,*^ a Flay aciei,
some Ume since at tJ^ Lyceum Theatre, Ridgway.

''Ths Goldeh GifOVB'' is so markedly superior to at least
nineteen out of twenty of the dramas brought out at the theatres*
that we should have.felt suri^sised at the informatioii in the pre^*
face f which, by the way, we wish had been rather less flighty) of
its rejection from the boards, had not the author mentioned,*iti
an advertisement his want of pdfvam^e.

The plot of this c(^medy is simple, yet contrived. with skill;
and interesting, if not altogether probable. The dialogue ir
jSpirited, well adapted to the cKaracters, and sparkles with wit
and egnjtwgsce. , WeextMct tli» fc^tvwing portiour of. i{ scene-, as a
^ptoiawii Of 'Mr« Laktes tJilenW. The; mt(eflQ9tttorp m» ^v i'sUn

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)a«f FoQfliorej (.bninksa. baronet, afflicted wjth tbe {msiion of.

alitEorship^ and Pounce, a wbeedhn^ country bookseller, hia de<»
pendant.

^ jlFi F. HbuMr Bmumo^ iaastor<yimiice, how do jaa do >

Pom. Ever at your honour's service.

ArP. Well)h«in^-goesH(go)<mihinpwiihusiiow? MySfrtevs
9i» pabliflhad IfiiMl: are they read^ do pfBople buy H^cm }

• JRm Ahf Sir PetuJant* your name in ebwd cjDcasfc lae fei
aw 'thitts 'fttpther* X' hate flAtterv^

I ^im P: WeU),welL, so de I ; bjii I do Udoh my Sssays onlSealtli
and Longevity will be of iisfi to the world.

Ftn^, Walk out^ Sir Petulant^ walk out, and look at the apothe^
caiiea' shops: jbills-up at all the windows: nothing but shops tQ
let, shops- to let, every whera The dMst^rs tstt done for. Sir Pe^
iulant, I assure yon^

Svrp. fb^ dog9! poor dogs ! I ihpugMt St w^nM be a sad ex^*
plosion about their ears. Yet I am almost soriy I had ray name
put to these books : one if so muehtalKed of; '

Pm$. Ah^ Sir Petulant^ you are talHed of i)ideedj your nan^
is in every body*9^ mputh. — {M£k\) H^ takes if. The infinite
benefit you^ h«re done to mahkhid', think on that. Sir Petulant^
think on that. We)l, PU not tattle;^ but if is tasted pf^ veiy
much talked of indeed- —

Sir. f. What is< talked ofr

Poll, They do soy it has been mentionedt^Fsrliapieiyt^ apd that
hf some of the leaidlng smt» too.

Sir. P; WM( 10 tal&d pf > What haabeepmentipned in Pailiat
ipfflit?

' Pau, Only a little snug statue for your honour in a comer,
with a neat copy pf (he Essays in yoxfr hand— tliat's all; Sir Per

Sir. P. (WhifiUng and walking about^ as much flattered). I'l} not
ffofier it : ifo 1*11 h&ve i^o itafues : TU be cpntented with the fame
•fmywritingsr

Sir. Lake infofms us, in. his. PkCeh^, thai be has b^^nn ^ ' a
fieroic Drama, of the tragic kind, pa a^ natfcional suljeet j^'* we
ahall be happy to see it. Auguring froi|i his talents in comic
dMBpoaition, we IM justified in Mserting, tiial if hi* forthcomit^
diamt should be espial in its kind to the *«Gobdbv Qlotb/*
it wM deaerra a iwtfy dfatJugirishwl pfci^ai ftnwnyino4ern tragydjew

VOYEUR

Mmt, 17 j^-^McktDelac^fmBrtoricaltUmance. 4. vols. Pp.S48j|
369, 358^ 319. Longman and Co.

Wm are left i» diaoover the v^Mtr 0t these volionea, by •
r^ncpee U^ ^ fMOier woikj iniitlei^ <<LoyalM»^" a itfemwa m^

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^erf reod&y mibcle amid the tDrrem of shnilar performancei wkkh
of late yean has Bwolkn our Catalogues. If memory strves,.
liowever, the publication referred to besrs the name of Mm. West»
«Bd we matrvel 'much at her praamit mniBskMi of thait importadt
annouaeemeut.

Mrs. West says she'was advisedto eombioe history with fiction $
to date the story in those remote'times^ the transaetioas of whieh
not being minutely reoorded, would admit the intiodaction ^
ideal circumstances j and tliat the manners of romance are move
oakukted for such a mixture of fable and reality^ than Aliose
which are appropriated to a modern novel. We cannot aoceill
with such advice. To mingle real with fictitious characters^ will
give a wrong bias to the mmds of those not deeply read in history^
and lead tliem to believe ^he fictitious part of the wodL nrrasital
of historical events.

Fiction is the right of novelists. It seems to have originated
in the east i and no composition is more fraught with entertain^*
ment than the Arabian tales. The warmth of the climate-aad ttie
luxury of tlie inhabitants induced them to fill up the m^asnte of
their time in amusing each: other with tides^ spun from the imagi*
nation. Had they in such tales introduced the history of their
country^ or great ^national events, it would have become impos-
sible, at this distant period, to have discriminated the truth. We
find that Clearchus, a disciple of Aristotle, wrote a series of fic-
titbua love adventures, ^nd acquired much celebrity by- this species
of composition. But these stories, and many oUiers of ancient
times/ are tinctured with an obscurity which the public eye
^ottld not admit in our mfined days.

When the Roman games gave pUioe to tilts auditouvnaniants,
novelists dad their heroes in aimour, and sent thep upon knight

'errantry. Their female characters, though all tti«ekness and
ehastity, were moved by feats of arms and deeds of ^ehivalry, and
willing]^ viewed the ferocious and sometimes deadly tilts, bjc

* which &eir fttvours alone could be won. Such was theprevail'^

~ing taste during the reigns of the Plantagenets, and the houses
of York and Lancaster. In those ages liovellbts -often blend^
fiction with the events of the times, which caused many erro«
neous assertions to creep into what wasintended to be the history
of our country ; and the delusion thus be un, cbiitrnues in many
Instances, to this day. Even the Bard of Avotl ha^fklleff into this
error. The unread, to this day, believe the person of King'Richard
the Third to have been mis-shapen and deformed, whereas Jie
was of ** middle stature, and well proportioned.**

This delineation of ferocity and knight-errantry cotithtuedma^y
centuries ^ but Cervantes, in his incomparable burlesque romance
of Don Quixote, eradicated the cankering root of thfs /'fictitious
bombast -, and Le Sage, in his "tjil Bias, itiWoduced legitimate

. novel wftting. Our countryman. Fielding, rivalled him in his
Tom^nesswhOe bis cotemporati^, iSmoUet^ Richardson^ Mac-

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.ktvzie^ and 'ft few ^then, fixed Uie fltendiad of mvd wiiliag;
but none of tbem introduced histoiy into their fa»oiiiajtiii^ tales.
It would ha:pe hurt, lather than aaaisted, the effoct; and, thcuigk
;Sm<^t was one ^f the best historians of our own country^ we do
oot find a single historical fact inten;\'oyen with his novels.

We cannot^ therefore^ approve of the jdan of " Alicia DeLacy"-—
we object to the momentous proceedings and glorious achievments
:ifi our anc^tors in the reign of the Edwards being made subser-
vient to the plot of a modern novelist.

If, however, considered altogether as fiction, these volumes
may. be read with much satisfaction.

*Aait.'lS,'^AHbernf SUtnhtujpe, or Memomcfan Author. My J Km
Hervet, 3 vols. Pp. 292, 301, 279. Newman and Co.

. A s^vsaB saUre upon the/' midwives of the muse*' — those kind-
hearted souls to whom each starvling author must, perforce, do
homage for his scanty means. Scorning fear, defying persecu-
. tton,. and in the very face of that legal maxim which makes /ru/A
the worst of libels, does this author, tell, " the secrets of his
prison-bouse/* and expose the intrigues of the great empcrmmlihrik^
. rum of paternoster-Row.

With little l^ss temerity perhaps^ do we recommend this author's
yejqferieHce to all who unhappily labutur under the cacotthes scribendL

Art. lO.-^A Father as he Should be; a Noi>eL By Mrs, Hopplahd.
4vob. 7p. M2, 276, 5274, 291. Newman and Co. 1B15.

; Sir Fi^ands Mowbray, a wealthy baronet of thirty-five, becom<j|
'eiuu^oui^.Qf Ayou^g widQwin distressed cirqumsta^ce^^ whoip
he observes at a fishmonger's, buying .(of all things last to be
i thought of iiji such a case) a lobster ! lie follows, but loses sight
> of her in some of the narrow street^- of the metropolis. OThe cha-
^grin of the stricken lover is thus described —

" ^irlFnMiCiS pursued his way mechanically, for the more, he
ruminated on thjc appearance of ^Uis apparently-forlorn being, the
more he found himself interested for her. He could not dou^t
her poverty : there was something in her haggard face which in-
dicated literal starvation ; and, although reason seemed to forbid
the conclusion,- ^ince it was by no means likely that a person se
^situated should be purchasing a luxury, yet he could not help be-
. lieving it, and feeling that desire to relieve her wants, which is
.the first wish of humanity in cases of positive necessity. The
Baronet'iS wishes, though not yet submitted to his own invesU-

Ction, went far beyond this species of instinctive comparison^
would have poured balxn, into the heart of this daughter of

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Monthly Catalpgiic— lfuc»Ud»ieoia. lOS

sorrow— he would hare illumiiiated her loneljr and bereaved
dweUiiig wilh the day star of hope."

The Baronet searches and watches, day after day, in the neigh-
bourhood of the fishmonger. At length he espies her emerging
from a chandler's shop in the neighbourhood of St Albau's Street,
at the moment he enters on his accustomed watch. He follows
her to her wretched lodgings, finds the lobster was for her sick
child J becomes more deeply in love 3 and finally marries the fasci-
nating widow. Me proves himself the best of husbands, the ten-
derest father, and the warmest friend — in fine, " the father as he
should be."

It is quite allowable in a novelist to contrast characters — ^to
mark the difference between virtue and vice. To this end Mrs.
Hoffland has, ingeniously enough, introduced the family of Lord
Wellbrooke — consisting of a virtuous wife, a dutiful son, and
an amiable daughter 3 while the nobleman himself is, in ev^ry
thing, the father as he should not be.

Mrs. HoflSand has been a voluminous novel writer; though we
have looked into only one of her works, — " Ellen the teacher, a
tale for youth,'* of which we made favourable mention in our
Review for April last. There are in her present work, notwith-
standing the common place introductions of the hero and heroine,
several domestic scenes arranged with considerable judgment.
Again, there are others which are better adapted for romance.
Most of the characters are well imagined; the moral is good, and
the tale a lesson for married men in their grand climacteric, who
are not absolutely incorrigible.

^ MISCELLANEOUS.

Art. 30.; — Picture of Paris; being a Complete Guide to all the Public
Buildings and Curiosities in that Metropolis : to which is added, an

* Almanack of the Pleasures of Paris, in Winter and Summer; con*
taining a liu Account of aU the Theatres, Places of Amusement,
Balls, Fetes, SfC. Stc. at Paris, and in its Environs : accompanied with
six Descriptive Routes from the Coast to Paris, and I\ill Directions to
Strangers on their First Arrival in that Capital, Embellished with
Maps and Views, By Louis Tronchrt. fhurth EditUm, Cor-
rected and Enlarged. Sherwood and Co. 1815.

Thb merits of this little work consist in die conciseness and
perspicuity with which it is drawn up. The directions to travel-
lers are clear and ample. The list of Hotels and Coffee Houses,
with programmes of their accommodations, agrhnens, and charges,
will be found particularly full and useful. The Public Buildings, —
Churches,-*-Palaces, — ^Bridges, — Hospitals, — Fountains, -^Thea-
tres, &c. are well though succinctly described, and the Almanack
of the Pleasures of Paris comprizes in thirty-six pages a graduated

Chit. Rev. Vol. II. July, 1815. O

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106 Monthly Catidogue— JibctUoiMoti^.

oatatopue raison^ of the amusements and seductions of that gaj and
voluptuous metropolis. The plates are passable; but we recom-
mend the author to embellish his new edition with representations
of the new buildings — ^viz. the column of the Grand Army — the
Triumphal Arch in the Place de Carousal, &c. They would add
much to the attraction of his work and might take place of some
of the present engravings. The map of Paris is not altogether so
accurate ad we could wish : we in vain looked for the Pont d'Aus-
terlitz. The list of sculptures and paititings in the Louvre has been
compiled with considerable diligence, and is arranged with proper
attention to the numerical order in which these superb objects of
art are deposited in tlie various saloons. Napoleon's improvements
are thus summed up —

" He built three bridges across the Seine, the Pont Jena, des
Arts,tLnd d'Austerlitz ; the pillar in the Place Vendome, the por-
tico of the Palais Bourbon, the triumphal arch in the Place de
Carousel, part of the new wing of the Louvre, the fountains on
the Boulevard St. Martin and of the Ecole de Medecine. Napo-
leon also completed the palace of the Old Louvre, raised the new
staircase of the gallery, improved and embellished the Luxem-
bourg, ordered the outside of several palaces to be cleaned and
repaired, dnd the dome of the Invalids to be gilt. He had com-
menced a triumphal arch at the Barriere de Neuilly, which from
its magnitude was to have surpassed every similar edifice. The
elevation of this building is already considerable, and forms a con-
spicuous object from the Tuilleries, the banks of the Seine, and
all their vicinity.

. " But one of the grandest projects of Napoleon was to have
opened a new street, ninety feet wide, and about two miles in
length, extending from the triumphal arch in the Carousel, which
was to have stood in the centre of it, through the whole length
of Paris, over the ground of the street called Rue St. Antoine, till
it joined the arsenal and the scite of the ground of the late Bastile
at the Barriere d'£nfcr, there to terminate in a fountain formed
of an immense dephsuit of brass. The street was to have been
named Kue IniperiuJe. If it had been completed, it would have
-made the most magnificent street in Europe 3 and the celebrated
words applied to Augustus might, with equal truth, have been
applied to Napoleon."

A copious list of public places, streets, £cc. is appended. We
recommend M. Tronchet's book as an useful and economic guide
to all persons intending to visit Paris.

Art. 21. — Cary*s New ttinerary ; or. An Accurate Delineation of the
Great Roads, both Direct and Cr^ss, throughout England and Wales :
v:ith many of the principal Roadi in Scothnd. From an actual

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Monthly Catalogue.-^ilftMeUaneoitf/ 107

Admetuutment by JohvCart: made by Command of hk Majesty's
Fostmagter^QtneralfoT Official Purposes. Sixth Edition, with Jm-
prwfements. Gary, Strand. 1815.

Thb usefiilaess of this very comprehensive and clearly-drawn-up
tyork has been long appreciated by the public; and we have ob-
served with pleasure that Mr. Gary has laboured with praiseworthy
and skilful diligence to render every successive edition of his
" Itinskaby'* more valuable, and worthy the extensive patronage
which its general merits have ensured to it.

The present edition possesses a strong and peculiar recomment
dation in the addition of a very copious list, alphabetically ar-
ranged, of the places lying off the main roads — the places to
which directions are given amounting to above 9^000. This must,
of course, make it particularly serviceable to n^erchants, trades-
men, and their travelling agents; as weU as tq all persons whose
connexions call them frequently fit>m i\xe metropolis.

Aar. 9li. — Bq)ort of the Debate and Proceedings in the case of Robert
Sherson, £19. a senior Merchant in the Honourable the East Indus
Company's Service, on their Madras Establishment; whkh took
plaos at a General Court of Proprietors of East India Stock, held
at the India House, in Leadenhall Street, London, on Friday, the
9Bth of April, and by adjournment, on Friday, the Bth of May,
1815 J for the purpose of confirming a Resolution of the Court of Di^
rectors, presenting him with the Sum of Twenty Thousand Pagodas,
as a Compensation for his pecuniary Losses and great Sufferings, by
his Suspension, for upwards of Seven Years, from all the Situations
he fUied in the Service. Taken w Short-hand by Mr, Fraser, of
Thavies luff. Pp. 855. Longman and Gp.

Thb case of Mr. Sherson appears to have been one of extreme
persecution. It was briefly as follows. This gentleman had
long held situations in the grain and customs* departments in the
establishment of Madras, llavipg superintended the distribution
of grain in the famine of 1798, he was elected one of a committee
to whom was confided the grain collected to avert a similar ca-
lamity in 18W 5 — the Governor, Lord William Bcntinck, at the
same time recommending that, though only third in rank in th«
committee, he should be invested with the immediate manage-
ment of the grain, under the supexvisorship of that body. His
nomination was opposed in council, though, it seems, without
effect. Owing, however, to the envy and consequent confederacy
of his deputy and certain of the committee, various plans were
proyeoted for the purpose, in the first instance^ of procuring his
removal from his new trusty and of ultimately obtaining his ex-
pulsion from every po^t to which he was appointed. A violent

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i06 MmtUjCatalogite^JllifcAiMaiifir.

hurricane soon after oecnrring, which constderaMy damaged the
warehouses in which the grain was deposited^ presented the
wished-for facilities to the accomplishment of the magnaniUMms
scheme. Under pretence of enquiring into the state of the grain »
the public papers of the office were seized ; and, on an aUedged
difference between Mr. Sherson's and the Cadjan accounts, (i. e.
the accounts of the native clerks) accusations of fraud were pre-
ferred against him. The charge being countenanced by the com-
mittee, was referred by the Government to the Advocate-General,
" who" (to use the words of an intelligent Director,) '* instead of
ascertaining If there were any legal proofs of guilt against Mr,
Sherson,'* seems " to have adopted suspicions as fkcts, and there-
fore recommended" his " suspension from the service, and a pro-
secution to l)e commenced against" him " for losses incurred."
— Such advice was morally certain of being well received. It
Was adhered to, to the very letter. Mr. Sherson was instantly
and entirely suspended. And though he made every effort, not
derogatory to a man of honour, to bring his conduct under im-
mediate examination ; and though a most satisfactory and lumi-
nous account was prepared, at the command of the Government,
by the civil Auditor, he was denied the benefit of cither audit or
trial. In this situation he remained during eight months ; when,
much enfeebled by indisposition and almost worn out by anxiety,
he found it necessary to return to Europe, to recover his health,
and (if possible) to obtain redress at the hands of the Directors.
Previously however to his being permitted to depart, the Govern-
ment thought proper to compel him to give his personal security
for 60,000 pagodas, and to produce certificates from three medical
men on oath, declaring the necessity of his leaving India : the
former of which demands included double the sum in which it
was asserted he stood indebted to the company, and the latter
was substituted for the usual sufficiency of a single unsworn cer-
tificate. Arriving in England, his first care was to lay his case
before the Directors. Here again he encountered nothing but
disappointment and chagrin. His memorials were treated as so
much blank paper. At length, nine months after his absence,
and while he was still in London, the suit was commenced at*.
Madras. The trial, however, did not take place till the ^th
Of March, 1814, when the wl^le transaction was patiently and
minutely canvassed. And though every art appears to have been
employed, every stratagem resorted to, which the most indus-
trious malignity could invent ; the proceedings, which occupied
no less than ten days, furnished not an iota of evidence tending
to criminate Mr. Sherson. In short, the judges unanimously
decreed the bill to be dUtnissed with costs. In consequence of-
this decision^ Mr. Sherson renewed his applications to tlie Court
of Directors ; who, after a lapse of seven years, condescended, at
last, to express their opinion, that the Government of Mackas

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Monthly CtMbgM^MUeeSaneaus* 109

liad acted emmeotul^, and proposed^ as a compensation for bia
iDulti]xlied sufferings and privations, to present to Mr. Sherson
the sum of 20^000 pagodas, which though for below his deserts^
"we rejoice to find by the Report before us, has since met the con-
currence of a large majority of the Proprietory.

This statement speaks so powerfully for itself, that any com«
ment from us would be quite impertinent. We cannot, however,
withhold the remark, that we trust the publication of the pam«
phlet will work a great good> for no truth is more incontro-
TertiblS than that to correct malversation and misrule, which de-
pend upon secrecy for impunity, the first thing to be done is^ to
pve publicity to the arcana of their operation.

Aht. 23. — An Authentic Account 0/ the late Mr, Whitbread: cmnst"
big of Facts and Anecdotes relating to his latter Days and Death,
developing the Causes which led to that deplorable Event. With the
genuine Report of the Inquest, now first pubUshed — taken in Short*
hand, by Fronds Phvppen, the only Reporter present at the Sitting
of the Inquest held in Mr, Whitbread" s House. Including a brief
Memoir of his, Life, Illustrated by a Facsimile Engraving of hi$
Hand'WTiiing and Autograph, from a Document in the Possession of
the Publisher, Pp.42. Hone, Fleet Street.

This is a most Interesting compendium of the facts connected
with the lamented suicide of Mr. Whitbread. The distressing
symptoms of the altered state of his mind, some time before thd
melancholy catastrophe, and the circumstances disclosed at the
Inquest^ are detailed with much clearness and precision. ' Of the
authenticity of the account we entertain no doubt; and have only
to add, that the admirers of political integrity will here find faith-
fully recorded the sad and untimely end of one of its most distii|«
fished examples.

Art. 94.'^Trihutes of the Public Press, to the Memory of the late Mr^
fVhitbread; be'mg the Memorials and Characters of that eminent Man,
which have appeared in the different Joitmals since his lamented
Death, Pp. 32. ' Hone, Fleet Street.

The public press never before presented such tributes of respect
to a great public character. They arc here collected and form a
pamphlet of unusual interest* We cannot forbear to observe,
however, that our journalists have, in this instance, strictly ad-
hered to the maxim of the world j — to aw^ard to merit when dead;
the just tribute of respect, which, when living, was uniformly
fcf)isc<{.

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110

Liti iff New Bcck$.

Arr.25— 11^ PhUasophic Maim; or Pleasing Ejqi>lanaiion of s&m^
Philosophical Subjects, inclttded in tlte Narrative of a Mouse. jBy
Jonathan Grsavbs. Pp. 138. Darton.

This mouse is a very entertaining and observant little animal.
His adventures bring him acquainted with the elements of Che-
mistry, Astronomy, and the laws of Electricity, which he details
with much neatness. We congratulate him on his acquirements,
and feel no disposition to treat him, as though we were of the
feline community. He is rather too loquacious, howeveixon ir-
rdfevent subjects.

LIST OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.

THBOLOGY.

Tracts on the Origin and Indepen-
dence of the Ancient British Church,
on the Supremacy of the Pope and the
Inconsistency of all Foreign Jurisdic-
tlofi with the British Constitution, and
<m the Differences between th e Church-
es of England and Rome. By the Bi-
shop of St. David's. Second cd. with
additions, 8vo,

The Restoration of Israel. By R.
Joseph Crooll, Teacher of the Hebrew
Langoage in the University of Cam-
bridfe. And an Answer, by Thomas
3cott, Reptor of Aston Sandiord, 8vo.

Tifelve Lectures on the Prophecies
Tclatinc to the Christian Church, and
especially to the Apostacy of Papal
Some; preached at Lincoln's Inn,
from the Year 1811 to 1815, bcin^ the
Ninth Portion of the Warburtonian
JUctures. By Phillip Aliwood, B.D.
Fellow of Magdalen College, Cam-
iMidge. 8vo.

Practical Sermons for every Sunday
in the Year. Vol. III. 19mo.

Messiah's Advent, or Remarks pn
the MonU Tendency of the Doctrine of
Christ's Manifestation in the Flesh.-*-
By Samuel Chase, M.A. 8vo.

An Essay on die Doctrine of the
Trinity; attempting to prove it by
Reason and Demonstration. By the
Rev. James Kidd. 8vo.

A Commenury on the Book of
Psalms. By Bishop Home. With a
Memoir and Life of the Author. S
vols. d4mo. (Suttab/s Edition).

A Sermon preached at Leeds, April
16, 1815^ on Occaskm of the Execution
of Mr. J . Blackburn, for Foraeir, with
Petails of Conversations w ith him dur-

ing his CoofiiiemeBt. By R. W. Ha*
milton.

Four Sermons prei^ched in Londcm
at the Twenty-first General Meeting
of the Missionary Society, May, 1815.

An Aoalvsis of the Sixth Chapter of
St. John, illustrated by Extracts from
Gibf>on's Rome. 8vo.

Church in Danger, in a Letter to
Lord Liverpool. By the Rev. Richard
Yates. 8vo.

Sermons on Subjects chiefly Prac-
tical ; with illustrative Notes, and an
Appendix relating to the Character of
the Church of England. 8vo.

Letter to the Bishop of Bt. David's.
By a Clergyman of the Church of Eng*
laud.

EDUCATION.
Private Education, or a Practkal
Plun for the Studies of Young Liadies,
&c. By Eliasabeth Appleton.
HISTORY.
Toland's History of the Draids. By
R. Hnddleston. 8vo.

Historical Sketch of the French Re-
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Observations on the Epidemical Dis-
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A View of the Relations of the Ner-
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Researches in Consumptions and
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CHEMISTRY.

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BOTANY.

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TO CORRESPONDENTS.

We heg to acknowledge the receipt of Mr. Yates's publication, " The Church
in Danger." It certainly would have appeared in tne present Number, bad it
been sent earlier. Wboi it reached us, the body of the Review was in the
Printer's hands ;— -aad the 6ab)ect is too important not to merit more ample
consideration than is usually given to articles in the Catalogue. It will occupy
a place in our next.

Aimounosments of numerous works in the press have been received. When
published, we shall have pleasure in promptly speaking of them, if forwarded
to us in time. But it is iucousistent with our plan to gi%% notices Hfriori.

We have received many iutimations from Subscribers of the non-receipt of
the CuTiCAL Review, ou the day of publication. We assure them that the
work is always ready for delivery on the last day of the month. The error must
reside entirely with their booksellers.

Sharp is t4N> acute far our wits ; — ^his hints are altogether incumprphcnsible.

A. B. C. will do well to learn his alphabet before he again meddles with
Reviewen.

We are sorry not to be able to comply with the wishes of M. M. ia his letter,
dated Bristol.

We request to return our thanks to C. P. Ho will find that his suggestion!
have been attended to.

««^ In the next Number, which will comprise more than thirty articles, tbc
following works will appear : —

YaMe8*9 Onmreh m Danger,
Ennr <m CathoUe Ewttmeipaiiom.
Seatt*t Paris, m.
Coil and SpwrzheinCs Crawiolngy*
Bfr9m*8 HekrewM§M&eu. m.
Cambk's Howard. i

Kohhneister and KmocVi Voffagofrvm

Okiak to Vngava Bt^»
De la Touche't Detumciaiion au Boi^

&.C, ft, '

• Jmuraih, Prince of Persia.
. Howled s Mimoaary, a Poem.

ERRATA.

Page 9, 1.24, dele "the."

for " Van Helmart," read " Van Helmont.'

Pajxe 11,1. 34, f»r " medicis,*' read «« w««ct."
Pag;c 94> 1. 11, for « mcthodos," read " methodus."

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THE

CBITICAIi REVIEW.

«< The Ckitical RsviEWBitB ate for tuppoHin^ the Conttitdti<ln, iMHli fii
ehordi and State."— (2>r. J9hum, fuk Botweirs U/t, vU, ii. f. 60, Qmmi^

" The Critical Review is done upon the biest PHnci^/'— (Dr. J.

Vol. IL] AUGUST, 1815> [No>IL

HTfcT. I. — Journal of a Voyag&from Okkak, on the Codit of Luhrador,
to Ungava Bay, westward of Cape ChuHeigh; undertaken to ^lor^
'ihe Coast, and w'd the 'Esquvmaux in that vnknown Region. JBy
Benjamik Kohlmeister and Gsorgs KttocH^ Mutkmaries if
^he Church of Unitas Eratrwn, or UidM Brothm. Ff. 88.^
^eeley.

X o the most distant parts of the known and habitable world
•the light of the gospel is spreading its benign infioBDce* The
JSthiopian and the Esquimaux alike eagerly receive its precepts^
they are rapidly converting from idolatry to ChristiaQily^ and
4hii6 Attaining a rank among civilizeid nations.

To the benignity of different Missionary Societies are our dis*
'tant fellow creatures chiefly indebted for the blessings of our
holy religion. In an address of the Church Missionary Asso**
ciation, in the present year, to the inhabitantls of London, it \s
^bserred, that, ^^ according to a general cakuiaiion, one thou-
sand miUions of men are still involved in Pagan darkness, dosti^
tute of the light of divine truth, without a Saviour, without
hope, and without God in the world ; two hundred millions are
the deluded votaries of the impostor Muhiammed; and not
4tbove one hundred millions profess the fiaith of Christ in its
.•purity, free from the corruptions and superstitions of the Greek
«nd Roman churches. Such is the field of labour before us :
4hework it presents is glorious and arduous; the object, infi-
-iiite; imd the end, glorious. It is not fame, or riches, or the
conquest of the world; but for an object far more important-*^
tthe salvation of immortal souls. It is to make men wise and
happy, tO'prepare them for a better state — to prepare them for
the realms of eternal glory; and no time should be lost, for
'•the night cometh when no. man con work.' ''

Crit. Rev. Vol. II. August ^ 1S15. P

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114 Kohbneiiter and KmoeVs MManary Voyage.

The religpous sodeiy of Unitas Fratrum is a dbtinct bodj
from the Missionary Institutions in London, and less known to
British readers. Their principal settlement is in a viOage built
by themselves, and named Fulnec, after a town in Moravia,
from which country they were obliged to emigrate, in conse-
quence of their religious tenets. There are also other Moravian
«ettkmente in this country, vis. at Oakbrook, in Derbyshire,
mnd Fairfield, in Lancashire; and they, again, have societies in
many of the principal towns. Fulnec, we are told, presents a
striking and agreeable view from an hill opposite, whilst the
style and extensiveness of its principal buildings, together with
the pleasing symmetry unusual in the plan of a village, arrests
the attention, and rouses the curiosity of the inquisitive tra-
veller, it consists, principally, of two long and neatly-paved
streets, the buildings of which have an appearance of great
proprite and regularity. In the centre is the chapel, remarkable
for its elegance and simplicity. On each side are spacious
apartments; the one for the single men, and the other for the
Hiin^e women. In front is an elegant terrace leading to the
burying ground, and beyond an extensive range of meadows,
which m sununer exhibit the most smiling appearance of ver-
dure and fertility. Idttle more than half a century ago this
now beautiful spot was a dreary waste; a swamp overgrown
with moss and bufarushes, or fiirze and heath. But what is the
cultivation of the barren, or the building of a town, to an asso-
ciation of men who explore unknown regions to disseminate
the principles of their religion? The colonbts subsist on the
produce of their manufaetures, and apply the surplus to the
sending of missionaries to foreign countries, and acts of bene-
volence.

The United Brethren, with less resources, have not been
behind either churchmen or dissenters in the Propagation of
the Gospel. They have missionary establishments from the
Arctic regions to the torrid sands of Africa. On the coast of
Labrador they have three settlements, viz. Okkak, Nain, and
Hopedale; and the object of the present voyage, was the
establishment of others in the more distant parts of Ungam
Bay. It was, like Mr. Campbell's missionai^ expedition to
Africa, attended with toil and danger, but performed in a
climate widely different; the one party being exhausted by
heat and parched with thirst ; the other, bound by ice, and
pinched with cold — ^the former penetrating into the interior of
an unknown country, the latter coasting on dangerous seas
where the European mariner had sdidom unfurled his sail.
Mr. Campbell found at Cape Town a converted Hottentot who

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Hbhkmekter and Kmoek^9 Mtssiomry Fcyage. Hi

proved a fiiithfiil gaide over the mountains; and MesAft^*
Kohlmeister and Kmock were equally fortunate in emplo^n j
an Esquimaux of their society, who safely steered their vessel
over the boisterous waves of the Northern Ocean.

This converted Esquimaux was named Jonathan, of whom
frequent mention is made in the journal — ^indeed to him were
our Missionaries principally indebted for the success of their
voyage.

*' He was a man of superior understanding and skill, possessed
of uncommon presence of mind in difficulties and dangers, and at
Hopedale considered as the principal person or chief of his natiom
But he was now ready to forsake all, and to go and reside at
Okkak, among strangers, having no authority or pre-eminence,
and to undertake a voyage of unknown length and peril, from
whence he could not be sure of a safe and speedy return before
the ice might set in, and confine him upon an unknown shore,
during the whole of a second winter. There was, however, one
consideration which outweighed every other in his mind, and
made him, according to his own declaration, forget all difficulties
and dangers. He hoped that the proposed voyage to his country-
men in the north would, in time, be a means of their becom-
ing acquainted with the gospel of Christ, and partakers of the
same blessings which he now enjoyed. This made him willing
to accept of the call without any hesitation. Nor did he ever,
during the whole voyage, forsake that generous principle, by
which he was first influenced 3 but his cheerful, firm, and faithful
conduct proved, under all circumstances^ most honourable to the
character of a true convert to Christianity."

The vessel in which they embarked belonged to Jonathan,
so that he was both owner and captain. Mr. Kohlmeister
having passed seventeen years of his life in Labrador, deserved-
ly beloved both by Christians and Pagans, there was no want of
in interpreter} he had also acquired a knowledge of the
quadrant, and make some progress in various branches of
^ience.

It was not until the 23d of June that the ice opened a
passage for them to commence their voyage. The parting was
ilffecting :

'^ All the Bsquimaux met at the chapel, and in the most af-
fectionate manner, and with many tears, bid our company fare*
well. They were the more affected with grief on this occasion,
as the greatest part of our Esquimausc thought the voyage im-
practicable, and expected that we should all perish in doubling
Cape Chudleigh, on account of the violence of the currents,
netting round the cape, and the many rocks and islands which
fifticE from it towards the north. Reports had likewise been

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1 19 KMmeister^ and KfnocKs AGssumary Voyttge*

ciKulated of the hostile dUposition of the Esquimaux in the Un-
gfrveu Bay ; and it was boldly asserted, that if ever we got thers
alive, we should never return. An old conjuror AUugarguk, had
been particularly active in spreading these reports. We cannot
deny but that they occasioned some apprehension in our minds,
but being fully determined to venture in the name of God, and of
trusting to his protection, we were thankful that they failed to
produce the intended effect upon Jonathan, our guide, and the
other Esquimaux, who were to go with us, and who all remained
firm."

These consisted of four families; one of which was that ot
Jt)nas, the son of Jonathan^ his wife and five children ; another
of Paul, the nephew of the captain, who was next in command
and activity to Jonathan ; they Set sail with a moderate wind,
which was a fortunate circumstance, as they soon found them-
selves among drift ice, the shoals of which it was difficult to
avoid; but they safely cast anchor at Nuugorome, where they
{bund several of the converted Esquimaux, who had there taken
up their summer station. Among them was Solomon, who

*' had formerly been a communicant member of Okkak con*
gregation, but could not resist the temptation of going to the
north to feast with the heathen Esquimaux, whenever they had
caught a live, or found a dead, whale. On such occasions he was
induced to commit many irregularities and sins, but always re-r
turned to us with a shew of great contrition and repentance. Af-
ter many relapses, he was informed that this would do no longer,
but that if he went out again to these heathenish feasts he wouli)
be excluded. He is a sensible well disposed man, and perceived
the justice of the sentence -, but his love of that species of amuse-
ment overcame jdl his good resolutions. He not only went out
again, but todk also another wife ; a step which of course exclu-
ded him from our fellowship. Yet he is very desirous that his
children may receive a Christian education, and remain faithful to
the precepts of the gospel.

Tlie Esquimaux are ingenious: their fishing tackle is fabri-
"cated with considerable skill, an earnest of their capability of
quickly learning such arts as would conduce to . their comfort.
Whales and seals form a principal part of their food; there is a
species of the latter which will sometimes weigh firom five to six
hundredweight. They also Tiunt the red deer; but, as the
African delights in feeding on the carcase of a lion or a tyger,
so do the Esquimaux prefer the coarse flesh of tho^ whale or th^
seal. A keen appetite, however, gave a relish to a meal of th^
latter to our Missionaries, which tasted somewhat like beef^ but
when cold, it acquired an oily taste. Its .hestting qu^ities fcnn

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XoKtmeiiier and Kmoch's Muriotiary Vcyagt. \lf

4er it, however, imprudent for a penon unaccustomed to such
food, to make a practice of eating it.

Kangertlsoak, where thejr next anchored, is represented
to be an agreeable place. There they went on shore, and being
Sunday, the Christian Esquimaux families were gathered to-
gether, and received their visitors with the most lively expres-
sions of affection and gratitude. One of the women, who had
forsaken the church, seated herself at a little distance from th^
rest, saying with contrition^ ^^ that she was unworthy of being
numbered with them.''

The voys^ers, during a calm, were greatly annoyed by mus-
quitoes; they filled their tents, which they occasionally pitched
on shore, with smoke, to drive away their winged tormentors.
Sea-gulls and other fowls, never before perhaps interrupted
by the intrusion of man, flew with loud screams over their heads^
asif to warn off their unwelcome visitors. At another time, a
stranded whale afforded them no pleasant sight. It occupied a
space of about thirty feet in diameter, was much shattered,
and in a decaying state. A quantity of blubber was cut off its
lips by the Esquimaux, but the greater part was lost, as thejr
had no means of conveying it to Okkak. Here, as indeed ia
every part of the voyage, the natives shewed great willingness
to assist the Missionaries, and towed them into Nachvac: the
groupeson shore received them with shouts of joy, and musquets
were fired in every direction. These people were modest, ra-
ther bashful in their behaviour; and did not assail the strangers
with begging, which had been troublesome at other places*
There was no instance of stealing : thieves are regarded by the
Esquimaux in general with abhorrence ; yet now and then, if
they can do it without detection, they will make a little free
with their neighbour's property. They attended prayers morn-
ing and evening in silence, and with apparent devotion.

On the 17th of July our party were again detained by drift
ice, so that they once more pitched their tents on shore ; and
regaled on salmon trout, which are Caught in every creek and
inlet. The surrounding mountains were high, steep, and bare;
verdure is found only in the vallies.

Here Jonas addressed his brethren ; and his harangue seemed
to make a deep impression on their minds. One of their leaders
or captains exclaimed, with great eagerness, that he was <^ de-
termined to be converted to Jesus" — another made the same
declaratioii, and added, that he '^ would no longer live among
Ae Heathens." In the evening they met at Jonathan's tent,
«iMl were equally attentive to lus discourse.

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Ilg KoUmdster and Km<^h's ]^i89kmary P'oy^^^

*' The £6quixbai9 delight in singing and music. As to national
songs they have nothing deserving of that name; and the yariouis
eollectors of their precious morsels in our day« would find their
labour lost in endeavouring i;o harmonize the incantations of their
sorcerers and witches, which more resemble the bowlings of
wolves and growlings of bears^ than any thing human. But
though the hymn and psalm tunes of the Brethren's church are
mostly of ancient construction^ and, though rich in harmony, have
no airy melodies to make them easily understood by unmusical
ears> yet the Esquimaux soon learn to sing them correctly i and
the voices of the women are remarkably sweet and well tuned.
Brother Kohlmeister having given one of the children a toy flute,
Paul took it, and immediately picked out the proper stops Id
playing several tunes upon it, as well as the instrument would
admit. Brother Kmoch having taken a violin with him, the same
Esquimaux likewise took it up, and it was not long before he found
out the manner of producing thedifiPerent notes."

On the next landing Mr. Kmoch shot a hare. This animal
is white in winter and grey in summer. In severe weather the
breed roultiplies so rapidly, that, though excellent food, the peo*
pie are almost satiated with it. This happened last year at
Okkak.

^'An Esquimaux travelling bed consists of a large bag of red deer
skin, with the hair turned inward, covered with seal skin, the hair
turned outward. It is furnished with a broad flap to cover the
mouth, and a strap to fasten down the flap. This bag compre-
hends the whole apparatus of an Esquimaux bed room. Having
undressed, the traveller creeps into it, and a kind neighbour having
shut him up close by fastening the strap, he leaves him to sleep
till morning, when he helps him out again. In summer the flap is
dispensed with. The invention, however, is of European origin,
and a luxury introduced by the Missionaries; for an Esquimaux
lies down in his clothes without further preparation."

This contrivance, while attended in using it by a second per-
son, must doubtless afford much comfort in a country where the
luxury of abed is unknown; but should the occupier have
occasion to leave his dormitory when no ** kind neighbour" is
at hand, he may find himself as fast as a rogue in the stocks,
and pressed worse than a maniac in a strait jacket.

Viewing some ruins of Greenland houses, our journalists ob^
serve that —

^* The Esquimaux have a tradition that the Greenlanders came
originally from Canada, and settled on the outermost islands of
this coast; but never penetrated into the country before they were
driven eastward to Greenland. This report gains some credit.

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Kohhneister and KmocKs Missionary Voyage. 119

from the state in which the above-mentioned ruins are found.
They consist in the remains of walls and graves^ with a low stone
enclosure round the tomb^ covered with a slab of the same mate-
rial. They have been discovered on the islands near Nain^ and>
though sparingly, all along the whole eastern coast ; but we saw
none in ITngava Bay."

On the 1st of August the Missionaries found their vessel iq
imminent danger of being crushed to pieces by the floating ice^
and the whole crew perishing. They cried to the Lord for help,
and by the greatest exertions from morn till night, they at
length succeeded in working through the floating masses. It
but ill accords with this part of the narrative, to find, that imme*
diately after returning thanks to Providence, they landed, and
<^ robbed some old Esquimaux graves of the wooden utensils,
which it is the superstitious practice of the heathen to lay besidie
the corpses of their owners, with old tent-poles, &c. and thus
obtain^ fuel sufficient for our cookery.''
' After this act, which in England wotdd be deemed sacri-
legious, it is coolly observed —

'* Wood will not decay by mere exposure to the air of Labrador,
but wastes away gradually : and after forty or more years^ the
wood found in Uie graves is still fit for use."

We are not in the least surprised to find that there exist
superstitious prejudices among the tribes of these remote Indian,
nations, when we contemplate a similar weakness in the lower
classes of our own country — particularly in the isles of Scotland,
where tradition still maintains its enchantment under the spell of
imaginary fable, while the embers that smoke in the hut, serve
by their glimmer to shew the fearful countenances of those who
listen with afinghted delight to the gloomy delusions of ages
long past.

On the northern cost of America the flowing of the tide i^
terrific. In the Bay of Fundy the sea rolls upon the land
mountains high, and with such surprising rapidity, that swine,
louting at low water for testaceoas fish, though running from
the dmiger at the utmost speed, and squealing with terror, have
been overwhelmed and drowned. Our missionaries give the
' following account of this phenomenon in Labrador.

" We never durst cast anchor in less than eight or nine fothom

water^ lest at ebb tide we should find ourselves a-ground, or even

'high and dry. Once, on risings to our great surprise^ we found

ourselves left by the tide in a shallow pool of water^ surrounded

by rocky hills > nor could we at all discover the situation of our

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1

y2b Kohlmeuiter arid Kiriock*^ l&is^i»nntif Vtjya^.

vkiH boat^ till after the watef li^d bfegan to Hife, and rai«c3 tia|
above the banks of our waterj- dtrni^eon j tvhen, with great ^isto-
nishment, not being able to find it on the surfsice of the dea^ and
accidentally directing our eyes upwards, we teaw it pefched on the
lop of a considerable eminence, and apparently on bhore. We then
landed, and, ascending a rising ground, beheld With totfte teitor
the wonderful changes occasioned by the tides. Our course wilB :
Visible t6 Ihe extent of two or three Bngltsh nAh?s ; but the sen
had left it, and we were obliged to remain in thi^ disMmt phiee tflh^
abomt no^n befbre the water had risen %uiiciently %o can^ us oiit.'I •

6reat dread is entertained by the Slsquimaux of the Inctiansp

'^ When we got to our boat, we found that all %h^ women htrf
'taken refuge in it, thinking they had seen Indiaife ohttkote. TU^
jKien thererofe immediately landedylo take care of the /foiMokeft
ients. This was, no doubt, a fake alarm, for we nevef disco^vei^
any traces of them during our stay. To the sooth of Uetpedale
the Indians and the Esquimaux sometimes meet j but, as the for-
'mer seek to cultivate friendship, quarrels and bloodshed seldom
occur. In Ungava, though they often exchange tokens of friend-
thipy they are apt togive way to tlieir natural jealousies j ftnd pro-
vocatlone being aggraYate4> thQir if^e^tiogB now aad then ten^i* .
natein murder/'

The msinner of cooking, the kitchens, and dihncr-parties t)f
the Esquimaux^ are thus described—*

*' Meat is boiled with the blood in i*, and the addition of somt
water. When it Is sufficiently done, that is, according to the Unr-
gava custom, when half warm, the women take it out of the pot,
and serve it up on a piece of stone, if on shore, and on a l>iece of
board if at sea. Then the person, who has caught the seal or
game, proclaims, with great vociferation, that the men may eome
and sit down to eat. Such exertion of voice, however, seem9
hardly necessary, as the Esquimaux are very acute at hearing when
they are invited to dinner. When the men have done, the women
sit ttlown, having taken good care beforehand that their share is
aeeured. Ths Esquimaux customs never permit men and womeh
to sit together>^at a meal. It sometimes happens, that havitig hald
goad «ucce66> ona huntsman's feast is hardly over, before anothiAr
proclaims the invitation to his banquet. This is never suffered Vb
pass unnoticed, while the power of cramming down one mors^
after another remains. Thus they lirill continue eating till they
are scarcely able to breathe, and then lie down to sleep off the
effects of their gluttony. Indeed their •excessive roraciousnesB on
such occasions produces, especially after long fieisting, all the-
•symptoms of drunkenness. They forget under its sensual inilif-
€nce> all moderation, and abanddQ themselves to llie iiMMt^iagus^
iog abominations."

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Kohlmeiiter and Kamxk*$ Miitionary Voyage. 121

Th« ws^et iirficatrd the apiwoach of winter towards the
lattcrendpf August, occasioning dreadful storms; in one of
which our party were in the most imminent danger. Jonathui
and Joni^ became uneasy at the thoughts of advancing farther
iKnihward, which the Missionaries h^ proposed, as they had
••not yet obtained their aim/' Still, though their Esquimauat
companions, inured to the rigours of the climate and acquainted
witii the dangers of the coast, feared to proceed, the Mission-
aries determined to brave all dangers, if they could only per-
aaade thm navigators to persevere in the voyage. So true were
Acac worthy men to their trust — ^sq earnest in the cause of
iriigion!

Their progress hitherto had been tedious, having in six days
coasted but fifteen miles; and the River Koksoak, the utmost
limits of their proposed visit, was yet seventy or eighty miles
distant. By means of prayer and intercession, they brought
Jcmathan and his son to consent to further explore these dreary
regions^ and in a few days arrived at the place of their destina-
tk>n.

^ " August the S5ih. This was a Joyful day^ on which at last we saw
rnir hopes realized^ and the principal aim of our journey attained.
The sun rose beautifully^ and announced a delightful day. The
estuary of the Koksoak lies, according to observation taken, in
58. 36. N. latitude, nearly the same as Okkak* To the west the
country is called by the Esquimaux, Assokak, the coast turning
again to the W. N. W. This river, therefore, seems to be the
most southern of the coast. It appeared to us to be about as
broad as the Thames at Gravesend. Its depth sufficient for a
man of war. Its general direction from north to south. We
reckoned it to be about 600 or 700 miles from Okkak > and KilU*
neck or Cape Chudleigh, halfway."

So far were the strangers from meeting the hostility that had
been apprehended on their departure from Okkak, that the in-
habitants of Ungava Bay received them with shouts of joy.
Guns were fired from the vessel^ and answered by some fowli^
pieces from the shore. The men, by various gesticulations, exL-
{Hressed their pleasure— the women answered with loud excla^
nmtions-«and the children gave a loose to their joy by running
to and fro on the strand. The Missionaries soon miade choice
of a place for another settlement.

'^ A fine slope extendi for about half an English mile, bounded on
each extremi^ by a hill, on each of which we erected high signals.
The land is even and dry. Juniper, currants, and other berries,
grow here in abundance, and rivulets run out of the wood at a

Caif. Rev. Vol. II. Jugust, 1815. Q

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fke S. a. B.;and fM>Q%flie4 it iV%en«Jb < KlgriM'i Mtto)

•^;:;i, .'•• , -,.- .

. ,Ti»«J3*qR>ii|»W;i tbPHgb in t!w .pmt gWect ,ft^e.^4^f

rancej seem to be by nature hospitable and kind to stwinffia,
Ti^:^^pl^ of Ui^va, it 4oea nolapfwar, ko«w of fihf n^piify
of the Miis9iopai;ie8: yet. finding ilth«^ white meaw^fi^apfvpsobf
ing. their .$|iorie» the^r ran jto meet and hid tJkw wif^rf)ff»
Jht^ , attended pray ers4 l^d tjbQ\iigb most^f th^^a j^if^ iWW
§Ae9 9n£tmrqpe?^n, the c«)tain ey^^U&ipH '' ^^ ^^miM^^
j^U be^coR verted to Jesus/' On the dq)arture of jtbeir YVVfjOq^
ibefjf calli^ QxU^ '' £ome «Qpa>^«ii xi^ie «h^ i4w4j(^ ,t^ l(9ol^
Coryoii/V - i > ...

pnlya iif^ week csould pur ^sioqaricvi . devote. t|pi Jinm
aDxioH^rpeople. On the Stkof Sppteiuber xnore^upw^^ad £|Uef^
aod the whole country hjsid a wiptery ^pjpearaaec^ T^ nfMt
day^ the wind w^a favoMsablet 3trong,.i^)d/e{< quitii tafgny ^M/Jfk
enabled tfiem to make an hundred miles in fourteen fao|iiaii
h^t tbey were aUdreqohed wi^ the spray of the sea, and frt-
^M^' fbfiy^f^ q{ x^- "Kh^^ remainder of their kofff^vui
:itqy89e.wa#^ot atftanded ^tb jnumy delays: and th^ ao«D
fa|K^b^.OkMEt^«<pkiceoflilietr,departure, There tlMywert
iwelfomdwithteafs of joy, and tbe Esquimaux joined them in
th^ praise of God for thdr retufn in sa^ty. The yoyage, lasted
.(kfoi thQdSth June to the 4th of Octqber^ wofl ^ l^^ ^
oajciilated to be from tf^elve to tbirtoen hundred wiji/^ .. . 4^ '

Art. II.— ^ Visit to Paris in IS14; being a Itevlevf df thi*1ff6fia^
Poetical, Intellectual, and Social Condition of the French €apHm.
J9y JoHH Scott. 8vo. Pp.409 Longman and C^, ^ '

■ - r *

\F«r9 book is Aillof pompous pretension^ vague dande^^and
gratuitous calumny. We know not indeed^ lu»w loAg^tbr*^
lAoryesidedin Ptais, or into what classes of its sodety Mwas
^adftihtied; 'but this, we know, amt it is sufficient^ tiiait the tear-
-^'Of predetermined, bratah hostility in which nearly the wbde
A]f liisobservations are cononved, and his evident diaporitbn
'ti]^4iisoleMUe|l/ecmtion,' make u^ almost -foiget the fippwicy of
hi^ remarks in the detestation of their malignity** H«ia igno-
rant, assumptive, and vulgar-— to a degree that it wouki be
difficult to BMitdr. in aoywvter»)de#diOr lining : ^aiiseoiiiJfp inde-
cent while ke is professing the finest regaid for dectaun^)«iil
t^uktag iaiKkers the very defects aooffawiuciy

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4mnM^ 'fkst f> Jtafii^ Mi

Ummmi e^tfttf lNMBliii| tofrkkrh Jie isiveddeiL Mt. Scott i»
Hot a gentieoMMiy and lnvi»MciftMenideiiet»i§ only tDbnifth^
4iied by rough reprehension. A mild and sensible errorist m&f
Ve ^jfuklS^th-^hebraggadock) 'must be' «oofifergetf inid^'sttb-
nnsnoif.

« ' M^. JiAn Sc6tt, is, dmbflessly, a very s^rb indttidilal in
la!« 6Wb estimation, however litfle he may be in that (^'otli^.
l!Uie'htm at his word, and all the exeellencies of tIteteoellUit
ttett who ever adorned the worldi conoentrate their histre- la
^ ^SUKtiA- of the ChampioB !'' Adanv Smith mi^htf tAB
tes&oiw from him' in Political Economy-^^DemoHhenea- and
4BSaem IHi|^ impftwe bytrtiMding^wiflh dUe f«9f>ec« tbiliis
Oracle of eloqi:^eace:-^from thh moral scientlalist SocratM'^ AhI
Btitct^iu^, and'S^eea, might ^ch hew figMs^Miltbn nH^t
pfclttfrbm Ri^ poetical siiggesti6t»-^Miehae}-Agif0Yo btvd Wi^
dias. listen with advantiige td his crit{iSdms'on'^S€tilpti]cn5^1hd<^
hdto andVitiMvius t^easur^ up His atehieecttirttt hints^Apdfi^
and Rubens learn from him the thie dbcttfne^ dT'^^ ak-^
NapolBon be instructed by his milit^lcnowle^ge^^and Plito^
afkV Aristotle, and Cicero, ahd Klachiavilll, aM ALc^tii^
SibNarr, imbibe new maxims ^' ^ernme^t' froifi tMl^ Mf*
changed, rwkhangeable Idver^hd' ^ \6IUtmpSon^^ ^ BdikMik mi
Foreign Freedotn. Yes i^ coiAd #ie' phce faith Ih ' his ad^ertioiis
*»ld afrogance;, we might 6pn!^M^f Mr. John ScotC as a^fivk)^
Sbcyeib^itf; fmt seeing Id himnbiigfit tttiirt}^i«lr-cond«<ft8d
wiMisft, ^kOi wHilehe ha» sfcai^fya $00^4 rt1<«^gh^ti|M^ My ,
fljihjeet^ prates with a most disgusting and impertinent vanity
iipon alty we are rather disposed to liken him unto a fool's
MinMMii*p(ace*Ao€/^^n animated, perambulating storehouse of
wioii^*eoUeoted, ill-asaorted, axKl heterogeneous freakaand
fienzies, wUch, if tb^ deserve castigation for tiieir malign^i^cy^
.do yet excite laughter by their absurdity.
'^ vKoifio^ dttflcend to aiiniiler paaishmen^ and the infliotim
4if tepicalpahMfc

The fuefaoe of Ifcis wn» and vnlgap^ohmi^ must not fMt
fMiovtf smlie detagfug obte#vaSiow« Wa Botlce jt, ehtofly for
tts misehicwovs tiendency tbioaoiitarfii w^ak mindathc "pni^tt-
Aees against Napoleoa and tha^Fkcoohpaopto which- have bean
IN> Mustriously disseminailedi 1%n8 4ifm Mr« JoImI' 9oelt-s
yKHauna^ maaricd^ •

^ ShMS'tlMs work wsi eotnpteted*, a dmngefof ttopolftiea! sh
4ttatioB4iof Fnmre has oomamd/^ (Ihc- Restoration of N'ipokmn)
^^artiisliiiiMr aaa ftsstsd mMiyofm?8talsmaats^>w»«wWoh,J^aiao

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124 AmM^ Wirii *>

Cfible. The volume, therefore^ haa been iMpt lNidi^6«B thgyiih^
lie geQeraUy/* (tbe public would li^v^teefiwdl gatkfcsd had it
l^n kept back altogether) '* for a week^ or t^d i^/Oiflf^ t)i«ut tki^
passages in question might be expunged." *. *- * * .* *
** The probable influence of the Bourbon government on Fra^Qe>
the conduct of the king{\\) Q.nd princes (l\) of that fi^ily" (What
Ihmily? a government |s not a family) *^and the state of parties
to Paris, with reference to the restored Rulers, are the subjects of
Mmark which have been withdrawn from this work. Sime paifii,
and considerable loom, had been devoted to iheir^lscussioh, diMlj
indeed^ uader the late ciroumstancwuf that country, theyfiaturiMf
foon^d principal theoaet of observation : but the events that have
recently happened, though in no measure proving the inacciisacy
of what had been prepared for publication under theae heada/*
{on the contrary, we assure Mr. John Scott that we are convinced
that those events proved the complete accuracy of the withdrawA
remarks) " have disinc]ined me towards sending it out in tfhe $h(yfifi
in which it exists. The character of the Bourbon governxnent
fbrms, indeed; a ffiir and important subject for examination, in

donnection with the revolution by which it has been subverted,

\iatitwUi easity be e&neewed that there may he sufficient reasons fdh
Mpt^now pubUshiig what was written in regard to it, when it seem^'tflk
^ttciblished ijifiuence, under which France uhk to 'BBVorm (111) to* so^
^ie^ and her institutiims"

, .^n th^ whole course of our critical jurisdiotioa we da not K«r
ijaember to have perused a baser and -more aboi]iNPAbl«,iMUife9*
sioD of pauderism to the worst and meanest of oaasea, thao this.
This Mr* John Scott — can he be an Englishioan? What! the
Restoration of Napoleon (a sovereign to blacken whose obaraci
ter seems to have b^n one of the gre?it iodM^em^a^toi the
publicatioa of his worthless^ sheets) ipakes it mcfiSMfy Bnd.noft
tural in him to withdi:aw remarks written .in the presumption
tl^at he would never bp recalled ! Of wluit na^pre wast thorn
r^m^rks have been I It is 9,s| cle^r ^ the iThamns 9i Statees,
that.Aad they been in the least degfiCe favourable ta the Capel^
th(^. ^^Editpc qf the Chapipion'^, would>.i;tpon..the Reatorttion
gf^l^{qiK)leo% have- heen more uiiclij)ed„jtg».bftve.sweUedi and
^yeu, V.^^^^ ^ highevcoloivring, th^n ^^dimejimed'*^ to
pi^biisK^Kein, in tha 9mp^ in.tc^idli4^> iSl the^pena^Qfihom
ep^^ 3m^^^' Hi9 ^thdmmng, jtbem* theo» i^ ta he impiadl

kmj^yi t9,a motive so^ vile, th^t we i^ioken 9t ibe isififk o£ HvJAg
in ah age t^hat can tolerate its e^^istence. Acquainlieid aa we.ane
vritJ^ the ^?ngths to which ^eal for bia party a^fl^opmami'iMH
carry alinost jeveiy person^ but jqaore .ei%pedaUy> Uiq«^ tupM
w))(^$& ^ladAit^p.QrincipU^ of Km, pNi^t^|alion,b»viafi(fbeiiii

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twatyy/ipMgiite* Aftt^' cwea hi Mi brazen era, anjr writer cdtdfl
bring hiiHsdif 40 tfaft ttttenmoe «tf siidi a revdttng cbiifeB^ma:
M^opoi andandaciouB an avowal^ that he ** keeps back^' what
Ke Imowa to bd ths TRUTH^-HOid to the exposition of which^ be
Bifiinns us^ ^' «ome jwitw^ and considbrablb room had bem
devoiedJ' And why ? because, though this is not express^
8tat^9 the devdopement of his observations wiii tend to give
hew husXsQ, by amtrast, to the parly whom he is residved to<inHi^
jiuaft byvijoisvepsesentation and yulgar reproach. 'We -gather
iMgomalt^ of^acousaliiin^agaiast the Capets from this* imphiM
tbnA basentas on the part' of their'^^ckampkni/' than toluitie^^
written bjr diehr oppanentSy couM afford us. We take if, every
reasonable aiid unprejudiced mind will tak^ it^ a^ a fdtl'and un«>
eqmrocal declaration of the total unfitness of that faniily ta
conduct the government of France in a manner conducive to
ike happiness, dignity, and (we willgall Mr. John Scott) gjlort
^f the nation. Yes ! this m^n keeps back his observations on
the Capets, that the resuscitation of thelegitiaiate govenument
floaynot derive an heightened brilliancy from the anarchical
ousmanagemeot of the preceding despotism. Ytes-! thirmW
fcce]M<&ac/c Us- observations on<ttite abuses he had wttnessed, and
launches out, at every opportunity, into the l6l¥est setiitility
against Napoleon for errors of which he had simply heard the
wipro^^ report. When thepcrwer tff the Capets seemed **'the
eMtiMisAed'Mhience,'' Mr. John Scott was sufficiently prompt
to make 'and publish his remarks on their misgovemment^-^i. eL
when* the 'evU seemed pefm&nentlg settled, this honest persoa
liad<'no objection to expose it, arrd deride the people whd
would becmne its* victims; but wlien it appeared probable that
i^maoiA be swept away fbr evef as a' thing abhorred of God and
mon^'tiiia' worthy partisan of Filmcr ^^voiihdraws** his observa-
tions, snd^ hevfaig nothing to s^y in favour of his idols, at-
•teiMjptrtofonmd their interests by vagrant calumnies on th^lt
ea^Hel^ and the hero whom they again called to the throne.

Afr. John Scott talks of the **^urm*' of French socii^
end French 'institutions by the Capets, and his book ab6fin&
<rith this paiticular species of inimlt. It is Hmghabte enough^
^>be flufe; but its absurdity must not be the buckler of its iti'-^
eolenoe. ' He has heard his niasters.tise this impudent term to^
wMd the mUe nation whom they have been employing their
whole Hves in abusing, and wasting the blood and treasure of
EaghmAiet eraahing,- and he is their slavish echo. ' We will, if
ifn John Scott wiH excuscthe Iridsm, answer this remark of -
)ftipllyi»^iN»t|on. IVAing it for granted that the French pec^Ie

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wHytlvid in mni of vikmm (which w fslrilf <«y> ihM
4he)P seek it from the mm w^o, alSt^OuM, bioke Ui pHghltd
.honour with them waA. their, rcifumtoliytg ^ . i -

The remamder of the Preface is chemply and eaniiiiigljr mmlm
«p with extwoto frooi m SwoiBj |Mqper, whvse dm Krwufagtfbe*
jMMiie aeqiiiiinted with in the ^title^page of this fotuilttiiir #aii»*
4or»|R of maiicie and detraclnoD. A &w pointS'Wte shaB mami^
naent upoiiy solely to shew Mr. Joba Stotf^pioiietteM toMsOr
lioody Daftural leaning aoiarant self-o^ntradictioay and coMdMrov*
Mitjrot disppftition^ Ami the first pdvt we. ahaUtOttckup^ll
ia.wfaat^nay be called an ethical' ftilndwiMl. Uesaysy thatiiini'
der the Imperial GoreriMMnt^ b

'' Talent was disciplined so as to If^ave it hut its sagacity anp

lihcterity, while ils fine s^nsi* ilitied, and nice t'aste for ^ttn-

fHicHj and trtith, were destroyed as worse than hiconvenfent/* ^

Jtf ore absolute nonsenae than this we aerer read* If teMr
he so disorpUned as to leave it ita iagadty and deafUrifyf Meflt
l^taios all tiiat diadpline found it possessed of^ with thia difiiMr
^nce aiiiiply,-*-tliat its sagacjty wiUbe foiisid 8haffpeo«d> vidiit^
4<r]|ti0ritT imprbved, by the tactics of discipline* Ats^ f*€mm^
J^iliim will become m^e delieate» and its* ^'iaste'* niore.v#
JiM^d* If this were not so, what and wheve wo«kl be the power
f9f discipline, that is^ education? Mr. John Scott .p«ts.foff^
and advocates the most ridieuloua of all {M'oposjltiMs^^iipr hjp
jvofds, proptrly iDterpreted, lead, inevitably^ ta Ihk cwdMofb
^hat edtiCQtion darkens, and ignomoce euMghUna.^ ^ShouM M^
Jkkho Scott say, *' You have mis-stated my n^mingyTrhiiir
Jended the tn&ral consideration of the questioo :/' We ansawi^
that, allowior him the advantage of meaning thai which he hfP
not expressed^ stiU he woaM only escape from one ahsulditji |^
JhU into another, and one which is, at the k«sti:aa laiighahle^
^be f' sensibilities" and ''taste" of talent are perfect^ 4kt
tinct from, and have nothing to do with, marol sensibility
Motai^ and talent have no more natural connezian^ with ea4^
;Oth<»^ than wood with iron, or gold with silver* A very n^on^l
9IIN» aiay be naturally a dtitice; a man of genius mi^ be natair
tl»lly\a viUain; and while it is granted that eduealio* mi^ coc^
(DTCt the inherent viciousoess of the latfler, though it wilL not
4lti|engtheo the weakness of the former, yet, as Mr« JohnSoolt
ibaa supposed his man of talent to be a moral maa^ Le. mmm
be has eaoployed talent and virtue as conveitifaie terma^i bs
can derive no advantage from their separate and dastiMA<p|»?
.wderatioo ; and the question, as far as regatda Mr aiew af k^ h
Jeft preciaely where it was. We quit Ibia pointy, not. withetft

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M7

die man\ Ainet, »ul umnonri mwt of talent^ w liitM
; aiUrd «peoii»^«{ bmi§\\ Ifa aMM wfan m at H)iiae'iiiiiiiond
]'8tdpid^ I- •

f^WhnuaAMB^h^nt mm •fcdl ofcMfff^ upon {§>• mow i^roift
«mI eridoit fiohMiba'of truths H«rtarg«ii Na|K>l(*oii mth'ltai
irfraoikn rf^^^tciy ple^f e he has fnariey viot eacepliiig' Mi
idxitaddHtelriiiiMMaadMiii.*' PirriiBm ov JotticDB, giMI
miftit6m»\ ^HapoUmn kroicc' the IVeatyi of BbntMiUeAul
But wewill put the ourlb opon our English feelings. In (tM
fnitpJt«c«^ Wic y^l Cf»^0Ut panel ves with asking this most an^
jaciaus peryerfter of t'dcts a few general questions: Who l^roka
IbeTxe^tty of Lua^iUe? Who broke tlie Treaty of C^po«>
ip^fuaio) W]^ broke the Treaty of Tilsit ? ^' e supp^de^ lAf
dwdtldbat Mr. JfJinScotl, with all .that .bardeMd, and mm»
penting asuifaiiee which places hua eren below the ^ntgat
^tersin some of our daily iournats,' would tfnswet'-Napoliton;
But #e wotild tell this man tfuA they were broken by Napoleonii
enehiies; and, if be should still' have theeflVontery to p^sls^
litrike hun rfitb silence by referring him to the State P!«pers'tm
Itkost Treaties* But Mr. Johil Scott, when he accuses Napo^
teon of infringing the Treaty of Pvnitainbleau, comfmits an ^rr^r
^htch we can only impute to a motive^ at the least, as oppi^
brfous as th^t ^hich appears, beyond dispute, to have governed
Mm in the keepit\g'bavk his observations on the Cipftian ^mi'-
aistrntioVk; and the taking it for granted that Napoleon brokl)
tiki Tireaty'by which he, condition^y, abdicated the French an4
Italian Thmnes, is precisely in that low Spirit of conscioush^
ttnfbiinded calumny towards the Abdicator which has ever beefc
kubbling" firom the envenomed lips of his accusers. Is M^.
John S^tt prepared to prove^ rigidly and unanswerably prof^^
Hiat the conditions of that Treaty, instead of being notorious^
imd shockingly set at nought, were minutely and punctiliously
ItilflUed ? The stipulated passports for his Empress, and tMe
I^Dc^, for whom, by the wayy lie could not ahdicafke,^-M9y^re
they giveti ? The coffenanted revenue,— was a Napoleon^ of <H
^ver-paid? The rei^srds of the army, secured by thatTi^atJ^^
—has the timy received them?- The property, nioi^eadte aW
{niTMCWea^Ie, of the Emperor and his Family, the seeuHt^df
Ivhtth that Treaty guaranteed,-— was it seqiiestfatedf- 'TBe
principality promised to Eugene-*Najx>leon,«— has the King A(
jlaifma'4 flOD-an-tow 'beheld, will he ever bdioki^ «h«t pt^mifle
^hHimI^' . .. : 1 , .* . ^ ►. I 7 • :»•>

^' > if Mjh J»ha .Sttolt can ^riumpbawl^ «wyr tbas# ^n^tioni^
lUa^^Mise will- be sotudef <tt|nui Miy ugmAtvi^ ha is^aUe-to tl^

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1

,p^^i^mQ^^ wei request biiiit<ii»tit))« iw»»^?jPogliiiifHtg>iiM

Jf^ifm%g^q( triitlh ' • •^ . i •• ) • -• . n^.i^r U'M.iV'iht

ianMf^bo SMttifwUva taJ^wyeoatfytigliiK iiyikiliiiiM;

«iilrl9<i«iiiiwtll4MKmte jminil,* '^fiBy»iA^4iifl |)r^fe«it^>«WI^&
foims f(|«m^ tack Kttough a pivdy «tliW«il)^ikibteAlM|^^
«M(I> %» ^i^MOtOf hit bodk vppew tlte CoUcmiDg Mt^M^wKf

x^ jSp«Akiog from vrhat lAdve^o^^efoaf inyiiZ/^ f WdliliTs^.^lim
l^ct'J«|n^ Vtum of jNfUtc opbiibn m^^Pmnoe was f^MnlMie^fllltM
or.^hmJ* .(^iegwt phnavfiliigy !) ^^ 'mHktmu of «Wi|RifedM>
iiOfe^m^iMd^/MorriMi.. I . w'iiftfverili*Bnwrbltat«llMni

flPHielJ^afeWo bMw^htavd atontilheur gnmtiiiigr imdcviite.'* <j v ^«t

pe , feptewjlji^.s wlifcB , require no coinuieDil,^ ]@!!(m

J^^^' f?^ ^^ ot;h^,V ^1? find that /I the lai^est jmsa:,af
nup^)c ijg^^^ if, In .fa^Ypur.of Napoleon. Then it is a natuo^
Jonscqj5l§agfifrpii9^M?KF a-prmorioK

Yjrreign for the French People^ and that the French People

Sir. John Scott never seems so happy as when he is depre-
^i^l(mgfii»d' UHtum, the ocanners, the taste^ the pubU^ itrlie^
tarei,>find . Iterant >diqpcisifions, of Parish and, after itidUl^g
ka&sdfM these pieasantries till he has exhausted Us ^foc^ae^e,
lie ^liiitxfsly tells^U^> that 'that capital is the ohfV cftj^of %i-
titoe that "gives** us ^ati idea* of what the glories of'AttBns
ivei^.**^ " "" '•* '' ': * • ' - ^" ''''.^

> ,Mp ^^^p4^ to.lpJlQFf jthisipersoQ in some of his dt^K

f peeing ^iihe, ^/Mo^Bi^^ Awws/* but the examinations hqI
jPrje^ac^c; Kas .^Irea^y occupied more <tf our time. than /Us
p^ boflf ^eritsj ]|^s yq^pA/$ xroptains scarcely any thingltlMtt
i^a^'t b^ni^t^wHh in ,9x^ qf this i duodecimos that havq.bdea
jjlf^^^jjgiveV ,tQ Jt^ ^(MrlcUffl^ m^y be aupposed to bci kra
;c<^{if;se.of j^bn<^^ celebrated and spbndi^

^rWt9l^v. ^i^^'^^^i^^*^ paragraph is interesting, not fieom
the .Ci^iiqjp^tiony.jbut tbejp^etare it affords of the feelingsand
Al$»os)ji^Qjifs\f)X disbaiaded French soldiery. The public have
latm,h(;^^ of janqther. disbandment.

)<rt<>tiMi« <It^'m»6i%iihpfes8lWYefitare of the crowd before us, and
tb«t wltidiiaiaiOsti«ck-u^ ^th li sense of novelty and of interest.

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gJKfci ia/OHmfpr^htt^km lOxmt Mtperton, Mtffitient to dtntfte
ftmilmih^ kmmim^w^^ lii mrj «l tte Mm6 time, thertf iri3'\
t^wOM vivriety in the dittt of efich> whioli had m Terj luiplev*
40lMhMgsi«nii»alv ^ it pfsvtotad «« fcMn vtdogairtng'tMi

MdJW»OTW<y«tf fcli^^ y ^ ^ mme^fm^, wtOch it i»|wiifi

|j4cifjk.-yi0«ged Ddiagsypoix^ m loi^, loose greatcoats, 8o«i« ifi
i5?gff mjfpcjfc^ ivit|, jomei in JTWpd ox^>>iA)ne ia 09p«»
reed at U8 keen looks or a very over-clouded cast, i)f4#1!IH^
belonged to regiments, steady, controlled, and lawfbl 5-;-<tbey
letfltted ^rather tfi^ fragments ^f brok^n-up gangis, bravS> der*
tefoms, 9mA%tftce, but unj^ncipled and Unrestrateed. 'Iftteh ^
tklsinrggriftiUjr mnAmngiimsi'ai appmamte'^m'^ dec^

t^irt W. thtf great dlsbwdnktot of the iflny tiiat bluT j^OH'tlMto
piM».li Jtodi»bMdt*hiMi> iK»«ail>tfl4fcgei^n^tfiiicatet-of ^fl«»>
<Mry diiHHfd«i«^iiWi(N^^«tl4py'^iU^i*ta^
mOi(uy uniform as tbey found fpnjren^iit. , Tb^ hlKl Ml|iyr4^e»
iMw pureruits to occupy their time^ or even prospects to k^p U|^
iheiir bopes I they still lounged ^bout in idleness, although t)^
jpay h^ been stopped 5 and disappointment and necessltv we^
Mto their faices ab exp(«^i6to dec^t- than that of imitationk^ ^

./ : ■ . .^ ' .- -, 7 . ^ ^^^

Aar. III/r^TV CAttirft ia Danger t a Statement of the Cause, and <^
tk0 ffohd^ Memu of<iw/Hing thai Danger attempted^ m a Letter

"^ la % J^tighiJHQno^rahU Ea$i of Lherpool, i(e. 9te. 9tci B^ the Kei.
^q4aiu> Yatxs, KD, and ES^ CkofMn te A» Jf«^/f lloydl
J^mO^Kl, Ckfkea; Bettor of J$hm; and AUemate Preaeherto the
Phikmikropic Sodefy. 8vo. Pp. 236. Rivingtons. IWL^

JfV ^N wfc first glanced at the title-page of tliis work, we are
free to confess that certain ideas arose in ^our mind, not very
fy^owfaiAp to the views of the author. We imagmea we were
cocuieniiied to wade through a sickening detail of horrors, to be
uticipated in the event of Catholic emancipation; and that it
would be our irkscmie ifask to peruse the empty ebullitions of
f>igoti^9 or the selfish invectives of intolerance. On scanning
a very few pages, howevef, tlii^ presentiment was speedily dis-
sipated. We found the writer, intent only* on the preservation^
Or rather restoration, of the constitutional influence of the Na-
tional Church, abstaining from the language of reproach, and
altogether exempt from feelings unbecoiping.a map of sense
and a liberal Christian.* We ionixd him advocathig the g^

X ^mi in,B.m

• It mffoffdeA ui pieasiin to iMet niHh the MlDitinr enlif^htfltted dedaretion.
f* To oMkavmir to fouod our own opinkmB u)K>a th« Msis of examinatioo and

Crit. Rev. Vol- II. Jugust, 1815. R

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U» n90ifS€kuMi^^Bm^giK

iHftte'lylldi ifid ebta^Mbttiitteantility of mri ,
^iilt«6%atiiig m&i cahrnitsft' andk ataiduty the /variom <
4^^ Vapid dedim,»^'«iid ihewiDf that, imlos'ttRie'dicdc be
kiUftpimBii iBooM le^^Uathn? meaiuresJiuiekljr adopted, to i iiii
«r«^ Ih6 gvoMng discoimgieinent to axealouiattoehiMntt*
^'filrBffkDd spirit, It wiU aoon appenr, thaet the pment impeK^
ftl$t;8tMe itf its admiflfetMkm is the foferunner of its disKM
hftioit. " *' * *

^ "The totter p^t constitutes the msJn theme of diaciissioii.
Ml"* YdXStU viry properly rejects the qpiniaiis of Doctar8.Ward9->
^tthHeuid MarMi-^that Bttila and LABcasteriaa Institutions are
ttietctmes of the mischief; and, likewiae, the noti<m so strenu-
fyvMy maintained by othev!^-*^at it ia ehicfiy attributable tothe
fMiisererkig' ^ertions ct the sectaries^ and the wide-spieadinf
ph)f^€«8 of Methodism. Theae he considers as ccnse^tencn of
tfeepi'es^fft state ^f the<%iirch. He ascribes the prmc^fmim
ffMlK^^vil' to the existinj^ condition of our eccl^iastical poli^
which he asserts to be utterly incompetent to preserve the Hnks
b7'«»hi<h' alone 'the laity can be attached to its interests^ ind
pn^^nt^with the seeds of its own destruction. He contends,
that/ though the Societies for-promoting Christian Knowledge,
add 4h» Establishment of National Schools — ^the receat Aofe^
r^ting^to the residence of the clergy, and the employment of
eufales-^and the proposal for erecting one large parocbial.
efiurch in each of the present parishes, may be highly-niiiHbfe
SU'Ji&idtlari^s, they are far from radical and fundftmefltid reaiei
dies;-^4imitig at the symptoilis, not at the seat of %be dKaesfclej
4Xkd ^^that a legislative enactment prescribing a distribtithMn^bf
the papulation into appropriate divisions,— supplying' thfe tfheiins
of public worship,-77-aiid providing for the useful and eS&cnUjf
dlsch^ge of the. pastoral offices, in, distript^ qot hl^ieito so prpr
vide^*, — is t\\6' most certain and pnly prpbable. mean^^ of atr
curing ftie'stabilfty and prosperity of/the Established Churcb.i['

In prosecuting thelnqurry, p| (if !ivc may be allowed the.Jq'
gat^lirase) in stating the case, Mr. Yates adopis tht method d
logicians : he first e^tab}ishe6 th^ -existence of the dangeir/i^life
^copdly demonstrates its source,— Snd lastly spedfies the aft-
tftdo^c. In ihls course we shall follow him; giving a^synopsk
'of his facts and aigunients, witli sucji reraark^as may natutiffir
^ribg from their considecatieiiL ^ i ' "• uf

The two first points may be viewed together, — the latter w-
qmrcs separate examination.! *; :

^^.■^■•- 1 :• ^' V ^•"- — : : r.i.>:4.^:a

trudi, mmI tlMB to maintain tliem-with a niUd and dignified finnAI»y;MMit
iinpeaching thfcixilenliohs, ortipfo'aChltij what WB oonoetft toisrthe »>ttak€S
or even thd^f&ults of etherii'is the pettSecttott of Chriitkai tdlaraitoi»/'«**-CA#rrik
ifl JD«VW, p. 10. ., ,;• :,,r 4t...^

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l^|iMLCIi4oMKjIta««V

m

pifUie

rnvdaifyaoigliieiitit^atid ilb<> €(Hli«^

tlBMtH§iiaf9it^ «rMrasver7fevr.Qb89rvati«D$^ lbd-i|iWti0^ ^^t-;^
nfator to^'jfebs^avgfc and pQpiiIau9'<fm»tiiie^ towos^ rB^iV*¥%t^
donts Us iftt»tioDio»l5 tofthe opamlbit^Qf tibe^eiCMsM^^^
the boundaries of what is denominated the Metropolisi-«fMlil'*'
oBitj^auaBwdrng ^o^lHe Qflkialilalemeiit in the.Aj^pMdtjc W^t
piditiukienMrjr jgntumwitiiijUy iMlttdiiif ^^4^1 tb« pwslmtVltivie
«faufcdieB.uie fitiDnft^igiMl^iikaidralM £roiDSl;^.PMl^iCflll^
Anb^^ iSfliifiweiMt^ osckmre of iheparishee wLthio^ilpiee v«ttl
o<(]0diidda4<ffoar ih^Ml»eing adequateb^ supplied b^Mlhi^l^Mlr
t»hriim8|]^,jdtenHitieoe88axy tojihe presftpt purpose^)- i» ^i^d^^
iofeD niaet^.^'tfareepahidbial depsorftiiientsi nanfteijr^' m MifUlen
8es^'8ixt74>foor;sn Surrey, twetity'^de; in Keiitj^(ntri^)(Mld>ili
Bftiex^ four. The following is ahbnef ^le of their ipOpidalliiQ^
dediioeii firom the last returnv -.- ^.m f ^ (vr

Fic^t ; of the parishes most distant ff oih the -ceBArali jKfotrrf

MlODI^ESEXr

Wrfttftffd-'le-Bow
St6ke Newington -

inhabiteflts.' TocJtitf^ ' -

Totteatei^rfoQr.warda
TSdirwi>cwi#>fpiir wantt' .

£^^14hi fioHir quarters r
])lu^i|iUA(U/ey - -
Sf^ut^Mipaius - - -
Kyerp iBamet - / - ^* -
FIucMey^ r " • •
St: John*Sj Hkmpdtead

WUstieu ^nd Twyford
Aetdii - - ^ - - ' -
BaIKi^ ^.'... w a ^ .
Heslon ^th Hoisulew
liletfordi ' «. . « -
Twiebanhaiii' . - -* -
Chis vick.^ ^ r - -
Jh^fi^ ..».-.
JQammersmith - >* -

487

5,49$

681

1,674

6;86l

4,«61
3,Z57

5,903
7,393

Clapbam.
Streath^m

$uaMBY.

70,969

5,063
2,729

4 (.m

e,fi59fBattt^rsda'
2,149 WViadsworth
3,849 PuCaef
4i67l Moufl^lte
fiS^ .Wimbledon
6,636 JLi^Mtou aiMl Ham.
718 , J^ichiuo^d

Dqjtford, 5t. NioU^a^. 7,0^
StxTaul ,.;.' 12,748

.^"•^n;6fl6

3M»1

Greenwich

Woolwich' - - - * -

. , - Essex.
West Ham, including' '
PlaisftOW & Stratford
licytbti . - - J ' -
WaHham6t(5ir *- - -
Barking •* ^ ^ v «

16,5^47

17,054

»;i6^

8,777

^.618

"^^^t-^^'-y"^'^

• TIm flNtihar» dNnpotipg ten luuu loore tbaa art coiUaiaeduades ihe hea4
H SMn," fiatct tiwagSKSate at 181,883.

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vm r9tm^mmkatjfkmmi>

a^Ai6 Fiartnirf KiMoii coMfiehlsnMkiih AKhi^mM >

Kct8ini^Bio9ioa ef the liMtfMl <»fHOiiiidilMi^ 4i(lo|r;inj^.
tlurfiaib«inI)lTOM of iliA^at^

M.N7fiiilJit0i.ivi|blbp>flitPlfrpaii0Aial9i«i^^ m, «♦,«» .vrf

6ib^ .iSepfn pitlou WW tlpte i^x^ra pw<rbial Divisions ^15^647 ,
Tffk^ lUn^ dittp^ ^with ili^!Cto9e of the Abbey^ ^o. &c. 1$5^93S

7^'' ' ;; " ' Blaklfeff an aggf eg&te of - *:*''«to,«M' *'

f..«.', ., . 'J ♦;■ .., :.^:f.uy .*,•<'■ 1 .. .• -. _ . .HOT

XlfUf th^{ii9|NKrii4i9nx>f i^ pariafaes ^mowts.^ ..

dl^iPv.Stiitr^, aod £fise9|ft, (a nu^ibe^ miu^ larger jtbaiMiiil|D« .
ctaiiiccoipQiaiial;ey) aad atwaerthaithefottr^iB^iitri^^ -

m.Kfn(r< Ao4 the fiftp-five inni^i^Iy ^)oiaipgJ^4o%,iwiB
fleiii^rally c(Hit9ftn ^^'i^ thousand, ( wkioh im VMO^ instaq^qiiii i»< bf
aor9loaiia the case) ^ and deduct thuiy thovsaad. a9 ^ tol«i|«K)j^ ,
ooiMI(^ti|aate of those who frequent ct^apeUf them ii^ ^^ .
mffal the^aplBioiifi surplus of mink HVNfiEBD and FiFnr-tsium;
THfd|fM^3 profossing Christians^ ab^c^utely e^cli|(^d from par«<^ j
tal^^g, tb^ siidvaQians of paroebial.wefship^ '^and con^equentlv
wi^at that regard and al^hmenli tp^ the CbiU'cb of ES^sMwI \
wl^d»r4)aaonly be fotrntA by a nfx^.ot benefits confenreo.«p4 ,
reoM^redr' , ,

Ttei pictWBc may be winftwh^ bifehten^ howevar, if M
snj^ose that different congregations attend the nmrmng and.
eveflkiQg^s<M?d^ev <^^ thpse^iii^ hear the one are atto^thor
distinct Irom the uaditors of the other; and that the alternation
is umuiable. This would increase the donnnutiicants with tfaij
Chiffic|t^ ^(^tMn the.,Umits already prescribed,) from an hun*
dfoA'ai^iii^y-niAe thousand to three hundred and nii^eq^.
eiglitAmmA* Bat;/?!^ then diei^ would be ftmple atanei^

f I fl 111 liiiitllli l^i\Uit i*' i iiai'iitit. IH| ■ III j I > .t

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rkt^^ekm^MBIiiifgm im

i MiHtv cpr%nitli^1flr<lftf naktotitd w<WiMpl - The kjtfMitlttii^ (Itef

I ^mfj ^etm fcttlded m ^h; many pdrsom attendfaig odi^ *

0 stautly iMi sMTfite ^h of nsMtM^ Md erenidg, «ld fbe^ i0«i4r ^

1 tabfoOUMlfoo'af te isqiud oambct^Jdidr MrochiU'lMrelhiiiQ' '

tliese fect^ speak so powerfully to the poiul< in ^qiiet^' >

, tbttjfthit 4V> ii sMredy aeoeflsaiy ftw us to ask, whether tli«

r iafietydtf Hke ChwHth bfr Ml4hitiitODtda . WhUoth^iTiOW^nm

can any uiuimfmm9i^mamB^\mmpwdk4i WiliimrilgiM

i n^aMfW MNMiee) Will vtee rettact ita^ stepa^? WiWhrnpntj be

amMlAt tfli Its (Metei^) Wm faMlteiiiU IcM'iia adtM«y?ii4i

Strrcff' nb.' ' In such a»state 6f 'tlihljfi, n6thlh|^ cAtt be friwdil*

ultimately of that respect i
tfaft pr^imatf ginurdiaa of publie,i|ecii;Tity. t ^he Churoh, Bfi ^h«
» at fment r^{iilated^ we are bold to' aay, is the Mother and
PfOpBjMAL of aUeaation* She am/not prot^et thoee wkif
wotUdl^wdc nooriahmant in h^tMtoMirvheebecNMgtiraiW>
taatjb'fiar the plwtiee she eiijoint^; aiM* nraat be ^e^m^f^^U'
the^(Ji(nS*prMiotmia «f aecttfian prtM^es. F^^^fKvM iiom^
Ihe-^e 6f the BttablishmeM^ nien sfe eetnpdled •dAe#^:i»^
wkOuy^MMttBon the duties of iiiety> or to go in qaest' itf ^app«
nttitf cdJMCm tb ttelf and disshnilaif syy^s of woMtrfp^'tki
la#^f«llllM&ig << exo^ ntwler oettaifr dlfBenlt tegHlMdxmi tMr
Mlm^'aM opening of any places bf pMMio'' devdtibn «<«ir
tiM me tf tile titorgy of the Church of England/' And ^wIMa
^^ JIfiMUaeki ibr evcty mode of'* sectariati **worrti^ may M
creidaMl and openiNl) by any person so }nclia0d> upon tha^eafe^'
condition of obtaining a lieene^Arom the tns^iitrateS) graiHttd
by^tfM teW aipon a ve^ incMsidm«Mepeemnary pqpm^t/'^ no
coi¥«aitotident energy is displayicd by tbfe liq^latql^ in fcehalT
of the National Church, or in sustaining that respectaMHiY
wffiiefhteught ever io attaiAfoW integral part df "Che CbdMiX
tnficte.- "' '■ ■ ' ^ ""'.^

Tile veiaedy suggested by the reverend kufiior f of theisa mm-^
iBg^^NShi^ we shall stake in Woimi^fda. t >. i,.

'^^A hw shbtdd be fofthWlth Mtitt^d,^ lie bbMH^, '^ttt "dl^
Vidl^tt^'preflent Ikrge parishes h)€6 sManM* pttHMM^ii, leaeli «lMal«4
ittf HA^cMid ratio and pmptlMiM tof populMiao apfM)i»MMt
thf yurwHiea of yatoASaJ iBStnictloa and iupefintandaart i

*' To erects aa nearly as poai ibla, in tb» ^f^.af aaftb af ttMl

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feft{P^?!*iQn«r8, and th^ remainder tp.l^ft i^Upi^^ fflRrfiPBi
y^aftU^ijiliabitants:— the pew-rents tUua ariyjijg^^jf^jjj ^l^^^d
me inamtenftnce of th^ '!' ^' ' *' . *^V ' * on vd

^^''^o provide a' proper habitation fe'r & h^iSeHt'^mii^T^nTM
tb ^c^imthe^at^ointiilentof ftiitih afoifiist^Viltitieyi^'^^e^tMilttW^
Episcopal authority, not only *t6 ci6n'(hlbt this pAVtt v^hMpiJnti
}tmw%^i§» it and take p^d^lklblMirge'oHh^ )^aHMi$'fth#^-
iut^^Onj^MMhil flM'iavpoytai^^NiClttrof «M piMovftl^VceP^J^^fiiS
• ** And the wise provifiions of such an Act might be exteadftclilil
all new districts of future increasing or changing population, by
ffrisirtmg; 4hat whenever Ihroer jcqp fbUr huhdml' hou6e» are biillt^
ttie pbopridtoxa of the land^ and of. tiia ifpproved r^tSi 9ho«ld
albtja proper space fora chuqcli to be erected^ and the due pai>
lodiifdrduiies perfonded under 4ihe regulations pf the Act/'

^l, 'Ij^iyerthlok, is a judiciou/i plan^ We. particulaxljr ^pprovs
jffiiOi^ {ux^isionstfor (he^ amyl^ia94 better aqfommodMiMft of
)yki0ipiKit«!r The>pr&86ntTehiuiites.aK!«i«S0mfe^
)iefep«clcrr;lh^tpoor:;aie'UttfiraTided wilih aaufficieBt'iiunhaDaf
Iftatijpandiftre^'hi-gaieral^ stsltioiiedtDo remotelf frinti'<ii6ii»i4
«lB«tt».^ 1 N<»Chiiig' IS <>f greater importam^ tfaatPthcJ esy^§^»t^imA
^StliM^kk^ee of this cl^^ of ^orcietjr. FV9irniit%, a» thej^-^d, a
▼e|7 large portion of the populatibn/ and being, dalosf'df tie-^
cesslty, peculiarly exposed to fanatjpal delusion, it is a m^ter
likb'of^dttty aM phid^neey to^ecttfe fo th^m-'aB^-bo^lbKlic-
i6hiiftniMatloa when attenditig diidM'«vi6rshity$-«^'^:i^rs^'^
Ifey, beeSAt^ being' manifeafly tAfi§ti9t; triay and itttie'M¥t tM
MR^t^of ittdudtog' them to fluent othtv plftcto^ o^d<gvMlMH
w^e-ho dli»tint!tbn of plersbnsis made, ^d tfael^ftihe dfVeik^
A^jt^ the atafaffity of th^ Ntttibl^al Church; ' - '

*' Sfri'Ytttes antieipaiejT^b^e'bbjeetibns to-M^ schetee^ivUeh

■aioiiv)') ' ;•' • .' ' ....... 1 . " '• u \

' " The present established administration of thQ.p^Qr*$;;):|9Jt^7

*ii»c>* ^.« -g^^ ij ^yg difficulty could, bt a temperate and dis-
tirtMiitttiftg p^rscvetance, b^ fiumibtlnted, the result, by placing
th4& i][l6^Juilder a 'ol6re direct eind personal' supei'tetend^ce- <^
th«ifi>|NlHihittiittl8tiftr i^d' pariah dlBeers^ giving them more of a
ChiJatiff > ichaafattfary artd <rf toniequence more industry, eaonosD)^
•nd teBiptitulca^«--aniglit produee « redaction in the piteseot tnw%
I IjNbDQW IcTififl lor their^ relief."

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of'^«BB>W^^ pknovith an appaiattsjof pariah dffiocffi&i<VlM

ftinhffig tlfltt ^escriptioii^bf g^ntAefii^ii womlerfitfl j^ MMMtr'
fti^liDDttt ^^n'Chrislliati cUa^ctier/' All that is reqUlsit^'M
be'iml fbrm^ed \sithoat such ;addiiioiml. assi^&nc^')' UtiA'i
te^iK>jVieaiMi perceiyej w^y the (Ji vision of pppulatioft and^tl-
Willj^qili ahouI4 pecessarily work ,a.'c);iaag^ in

|||qe];nl»r€;giiwno£4^pries^|)ari8hes. . ,.. ,. ^ .j
in4^i^ t)»&ftii)gj9at of. Jaj^patrcoaigey.wMpli w^ld : befiQ9l«riaI^
affiectedidijiiikk lawy tbe folkmoig obaevvatKAs i«re{WOithjf>«

'' It may be a very desirable and proper psivikge^ tliatil^tioUn
tdan shcnild'baire the tpower^ act only, of appoiating^^ but|'«]^a Af
displacing at' bis pleasure, tbecbaplaia to. bis family^ or to:.tft«
village cui« composed t)f bis dcoaestics. But if Ja tfaelaps^ol
ages a privilege granted for those purposes shQul4 be fouml, ta
Bkvttelfaii^its nature, and t<y intblte 'the spf^ttfal ittsfiWcti64
Itf KiP^tf^r^ thousand litmi^iif %&ng^, tnA^td'^^piWH i/tldb)%
MHblMr of the ndmavsgtB resuHbajg fromiEpiSdopil jurMltftM^
it>caw Bolonger ba oonsideMd^aS' flrn iopaiDxioBs eoMinptlon ^oaqi'tf
t|# potaeaBor be revived to "aede.iw upoo peeeiivin^f thO'ingbt^'fi
jpffi/isg^fatioUftOiXen of twalvfi^esfablJabedraad auljhoma^ rte^Qriiflt
insi^.^of ope ^nomLn^ionj.tK)t](^.th<9 patron apd tbe M^te^vw^
b4^'9ai^s(der^as much benefited by the exchange" . . . < , .,,^„.

Py ^{ar.the, most serious obstacle is to be found in tb^
V^ft^i\^^M Qur,fii»«^ccs« T^^i^a^Uoa s#cn^ sf:rew^ ^up.t^
|4)a fttoaoat pUcb^n-mauufi^cUuf^s . and commerce are daily bo^r
gmsUngy-^and the pecuniary ability of the .country preaeata m^
T^iy pheeiipg prospf^jt. .We^muo|)'4<>ubt whether tbia 4i&r
Gulty be at all surmountable, A^ fkT\f x^, y/e may confidantif
^ff^pxJ^ tjt^ should the rcali9ation.p^^rjtb^ 4^sjgM. b^ ^J^JfifUA at
the present time^ or while the nalion is ^n i^ p»9sent copditi<^
its progress must be extremely slow^ and the strictest economy
bef adliered to. - * .

, After all, however, there is ,somethteg tjesides atigmentirrj^
*tlie. number of churches necessary to revive .an sUf a'chin$Ot X9
Qur form of worship. The miserable stipends allotted to, the
jnass of ofBcIating clergymfn, and the.odioua^mode <>£ th/^
collection^ are highly baaeful tp tj^^.int^feats ^f th^ IB^U^lialir
pent* It IS quite iippossi,^ fi^r a im9iW'Qf.ilPbm<|ttiiriite
ptdCii^iou to exert hiiosdf witb-lhat ^fitiopd'^aiduifty.iukkh
akN9»jcmJii^k«.hiia.uacAil). while, he kopias^tlntJiisiootyY^
ward wiU scarcely maintam btm^oboaa^bBf^^aiy^^^ A>oufale'NM|i

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cl)^e of bis Aixtjp^-^tcmincdameustimtii^

-^he cfitnn^ fulQI aoj one qt his fwctumi.w^ c>fiH)tw<fPf<rtii|g

Krti^JjT, or tisefiilnws to hii fock. T^o. n^Ar^ttion t^^;^^— —

intitide iUe1f;i that, though respectable joxii&t^hek^

'fy P^Verhr. The system of tythes^ also^ a|ioM#^^

eufce of toe church. This is ootorionsly a peminiel mvm 4I

: tcl^isxo end 4iseoDtciii. The pasliir is rigorofis iA,4auiietiM» w"

Shipners are artful in evaqiogt bis 4emai4a. T^ mnP
DM a tyranny; the latter, oesort to remtaffe: .^ -imjd
bftlrttd| contempt^ J^i^WV* ^fA ammoriHy,! Ihm .ni^itiify
^en|[enderea M kept upi the pcicc^f^ of relfnoii j^^ loU,4g^
'<^,atid the mind becomes we^i^ied from the ebwpl^ .in.we.|p^
jneral dislike towards its ministers, , . ^ . t.

These sores upon the bo^y-spuitual ^rast J!^ere£pr&.^
jfiired, before we. c^, expect any .considerable, ifSq^^mqf^
The clergy must be put ypon a7^spect4^1e iootmf^^lifiiJffO^
be superseded, ^r^; the jE3taDlishm^»t paRi mcjreaae^iAi^.tb^ njpnr
^er of it^ adhec^U., WlthpW.ti tti8^cl>virchc?.pfM*,|i9^^
trifi7utum, and stpcked iylth iMiwh^i^tSa^rbVt.)^ i>«{Fti^mriU
will be, an imraffpsfi.w.^^l)i.t-,9t4«^^ ^m fm paflitf . imPWWT
]^nt. With it, »he. prfiP9v4 law jwy^ 9^t„it\m^/^,fj^
which it is desigp^d, and ac^ipinplish tha gi^t woi^ f^KfffK
permanence w^d stability U> ^^e tottering p^c of , th^l^y^-

4l^t,1V.~^ J«W«r to the «wcA^ q/' Afr. -4»^<, «/r Jofo Jjlc|W^

Mr. JSfimh, ^ 4rf * xm the QathQlic QiieUUm, d^eti in th^ JBqM

, 0/ Coatinor?^^ S^th of May, ^^13} ipith adcUiionai Obferva^Q^i^J^g

ifjkoitc^E B^soR^ Esq, /iuth^r-of different PubUcaA^ti^.' wul

^;Pp,ll6. Johnson. \ ' '"\T

^JVb Ff^j Hd^toraMm. qf* J^'toid^^i A^li4ii« £^ €iMtMa Evaom^'&f .
.. .. , . • . jliro,. ,PP>»53. I>uhUn. 1816. r . . <•

jQplfSipEUuip^ as we do, the, (Catholic Claims 4)o be insepas^rf^
J jfrpov tbft prosperity of Irefamd, and feeUiig that aH public l^K^
^Ifl.^l pMblic Xfgbt i^ besit understood from free and liberal dxs-
^jc^UjEJ^dn ; ,ws( ta^e peculiar pleasure in analyziug the opinions of
a 0^ntlema](s so 4istinguishedly a patriot as Mr. Ensor* He is
the oBwearied, eloquent assertor of his country's rights-^the
2eaI/ous advocate of justi^ and humanity.

It must be» at^ ,time^ an iqvidious task to aelect and to es^^
jpose any defect qr.opEfW^^^^ arising from the policy oi tke
^oiemment of.oi^ii^iira soilj but aa the pjooveAiiil miseiii^

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ief1r'e!kiiy ttr^iicritable with religious controversy, ' 'drtdy asr'^'
■ffiffcrcTice'm FAITH has lULaiulctol national animosities- qF a
^'^mo^^Hestnibtlve nature betuectv the contending parties, pr<>
"^OftfontalFr ns either hn^ ussuuieci a ternpprar\' siiptriority; we
Jtf0j3<»e^^cffepg^^ to exuinin^^iire^ question before us', wi^ji

^»Yie^v^Hdpli(Hr, that the gmn^ cause of 4h]s' fanatical, persecji-
^f|dir/^^'riWiticr' more nor less thati a vain ^iadow of putwar(I[,
'lStiR9l>5taf)trKt- e(^femonies. It nnv he urged, that no orlginjil
Itfea^Tan he intnxhieed on fi suljjeet so repeatedly, and so a!>](y
-^nnva^'^rcL Be it so : — stJtf, It would he puerile in a man to go
N^tit of his^n'irht way, merely fxcriuse it is a beaten jiatli.

•To proceed — It is a self-evident proposition, that the slighiest
rfisa1)i}ity-orTC^ttietlt)ni'iTnpOsed exclusively nj)ori any chiss' 6f
individuals^ is a OTicvance of the itiost painful descri[)tIony^n(l
i?anr* be justified dnly tt'her^ it is ne.c^sary^ Jbr the preservalipn
of the state from impertd^niV danger. 1 1 ?i equally evident, thSLt
, j^sfticc requires the' necessity to be capable of tlu- fullest'denioii-
stratiop, aiid'that every measurer of partud severity iih6i4td cea|6,
the moment it can safely be dispcrtscdwiti!, Wh entirely ag?ep
wTthf those, who contend for the necessity of 50»ie rcsttictfv-e
fe\rs,at the period when those enactments passed our legisla-
*tdre; of which the Catholics now so justly complain.'.ISe
^itjgdom had at that time long been in a state of fermentatl6p^
and the fur}' of religious zeal threatened general devastatioh.
TWs .sf;i!i' of popular driirinm required the hifrrfViehCb'Of

^ 1, or tiDc^iired wiili t^e'deadW poi^oti 6tia^$guiipa^i^ ?
must be borne in mind, that theselaws iv:ete passed i^^ )& fuBfiod
when bigotry asMinied the supreme j^orernment over redson;
pdd wtectMtfiiMftteAmag^^

4iie safferingsand^rivatlbns^tkey htu) iUoni^^ tftnring the reigns
cf Catholic Princes. .Can it be fiuppo^ed, that, in such a 8lo|e
bPfBli^; d&,Trt5te^nt Lc^faforsl^grd ^t^^^vfm^tdii^,
'^bmimbri^ i^sttife,w^^-^rtht?'¥fe^^
idtitiSitnicr "com be niah^(ndd^''thei? ^iayiiMfi^^ilM^to-
iMf'^t^icA by* t]ie *e4ul-bf tJ^I^6p^0TrWi«;^«^
iTttf ron^d liy «iefr oWn stiftrfeg^'W the^*^^

-jttflTerings vr^isggnikiei'^t^rf'^^^^ HHe

machinations of the deifgWiiff: ""M ^^^tiMMfiS'^^^
the rairids of dlSygrriitff^iifed%f^Hfa^iteitfenVV<>ng ciuid

-^^ffi trtdd^ritioh hrjttStl^ fttiiS^iWolPiilr^^fflT*
^idetti th<;sie?eritie9 of-ihc others and' '^tff ipedii rf atrocity
Crit, Rev. Vol. II. Jugiisty 1815. jS

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1^. B$U0t df» Catholic JiwmniipaftMi.

\ fedptocAHy eommiftted. Each party was comeqaMilljr im«
Aerthe mflaence of a rdipous fdror^ and after escaping from
the ilespdtitiD and intolerance c€ PopUh Priests^ the counciis 4if
the state were placed for a time under the influence, if not«tb#
dfaeetion, of Protestant Bishops; and we are not aware tlMt
Aese latter pensons hl^ve displayed much more liberali^ or d»^
Meacy than their predecessors. - ^

- It is unnecessa^ to enlarge on this portion of our enqvvys
Mcausei¥e cannot suppose a doubt to exist relative to the mea*
tfl incompetency of the Legislature to digest salutary and wia%
measures, at a period when their bitterest feelings were excited
by the retrospect of the past, and powerfbUy stimulated by*
their apprehensions of the Aitme. Let us but lecur to the dis«>
turbances of Lord George Gordon and his associates, and we
shall be enabled to form some slight idea of the bigotted forf
of the F^titestant zealots against their CathoUc br^ren. Ai
recollection even of the effect produced by the Pereival admi«
nistnition in 180S, when a senseless clamour was luised by m
madrt^dw^-minded and dcsigningfew, for their own selfish projects^
i^ a ihore recent' specimen of religious fanaticism, if, there-^
fere, in our day, popidar prejudice can be so powerfully wvoagUfc
n^n by u set of men lamentably deficient in inteUect, as i»
produce a majority in ParlMmdity what moderation or justice
can be lodced for at that period, when the parties were in the
keat of a civA wat , engendered by superstition, and at those
intervals when iftotestant ascendancy assumed its merely teni^
porary rdgn> Surely it cannot be contended by the most ar*
dent friend oP Ae Chuirch Establishment, that legiriative me»*
sures, adopted under such ciroumstances^'were calculated to
oMive the immediate exigency of the times. They have, Ikvw^
erer, long since survived the period when &y danger ccadd be
apprehended fnmi Catholic encroachment; and the fact thaa^
these laws have continued unrepealed for neariy a century and
a half, will remain a lasting' monument of Protestant injustioeu
We shall researveour observations on the prominent enact*
ments against the Catholics, until we come to that portion laif
mr inquiry which relates to their existing disabilities; but we
cannot ref min firom noticing one of the 2i6«ra{ and kumane raeu^
aaf^S' of the* reign of our First Charles, as a specimen of the
mildness and clemency of the government, under a prince in no
way distinguished perMmaUffhy a spirit of religious persecutioii*
The Act t6 which -we allude was passed in the third year of that
r^ign, by which it Was declared that any person who should
send his child or/ odier person out of the king's dominions, *ia
otdet 'tor 'W resident in any FopMiBchooi lor universily;.«c

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i M iDje^tfhjM or other peraon ,^o.m»I aluKMld: efveiy frBwyy
I «aiivo]iiii^ aa well angrf suab ehiU or olhe?: fegmotmi mm^ %
their, avpport ; and trtty pafison «o a^iW bcyMd the, pegs> ^u]^
I ai|HiD tOMiviction, forfeit all his. estates both real laod pamoi^
I MdauffiaraU thepemkieaofotttlamy. . Tbaa^ eau fc^roely ^
conceiFed a law more oppressive than Ihisy Qor aoy'tfnvg QHffl^
[ ftt9«il$ than thalthoaei who shoidd leave their ooua^ia^ a pe*
nod of eiail contention sbouki become outbtw% without tf^
fomniisiion of any oionee; and that ehildreti sen/ by their p%r
Mnt»dnio ^peaoefttl stat«vki order to esoape persecution at hon?^
fhottld' eKpcrienoea siiiular.fate. But^ JAmL the parent3 wh9
aiMNdflkcontribttte to the .suppoit of their childreytn abrpa4» to
sshieh'they would be impdled byithe iaw3of Nature, .<»r thep<?pr
innoeeot babea who nughtmceive.the meaDSof existeooft fyffm
Aeirpwents under sueh oircuawtaocesi should incur 4ict.sai«p
pwwtoies^ 0 ainieiiatfosity in kgislalianifltiUnKira tympoii;^*. ,
I To nmineEBte the cruel statutes agaiiwt Caikbolics. th^ fm^^d
ihe Legiahtttiaal; that period 6£oftirhjatQfyjww)d.bea|i um^peS'
aaryy as well as a painfull deiineatioa ef. Pf ot^Bstant in^^toaftc^
Bttt» as it is'oonnected withonr inquiryfto ^w ti»^. cbivra^fir
of the times in. whioh.tbo9eiia»rs.weae<4n«de»swe.df)eii) it 4^«
fedient^ to oifke some re&renee M tin Statuti) Qook, ia.iird(ar .
toiillastnte aad«pportoar/obsenHVtioiBMl.*OA^t)ii^iPi9M)tt ,< >,
h'r Amongst the num«roui» pcital.ststMltofi to xAwihi .we. hayc^.a^r
Indod, we shall only at picesent notice, poe iB0i|e,ta3 Ulu^n4i)B^
«i the daik chardotev of the tisiesiieferred to*-. Tl^ j^t^ to
wiiieh we allude wis one which str«ldc-at'.onqoAgains|b.th€^ law
et God and mm, and torn, asunder Mm holy bond which fotff^
the. ty^ of every human instttutiont-r-tbe tie.^i/»Mii W PftTffJfr
ialitgaeetion. By this law it w«9 eoiK^ttd^ that the aa^ of a iCar
Aalic parent, by conformtty.to -the .eitoblished oj^urol^ amid
kgeBy possess hiouelf iof the pusipeEty of hi< fauMlyr^UMl ^
ei«r atinata it (when so gained) from tbQQgbtfitfhwfk / r* )
* It cannot be jDecessafy 'to offer any epmm«i»ts^ on this.dift
fraoeAil statute. Thehaman heaet shudders at the^straoiliiif^
Jo which it must hav^ given risei It is .a^&>ttl. stain -vpw QW
mmmki Ant audi a hnv shouU havaenMmatedfrDm>a Pxotest^
iMfament* It dearly shews .the* fytockm static ofpWQ'^
jniiids,<and that^the fudous 2eal for pnosBi^innsM has inhabited
Alt breasts of Protestants as securely durieg the period of relir
gknis fienzy, as ever it' did those of the Catfaslies*. Throiighout
HAesestsitates theft is a apunt of r^aied hariMnity, a ^erttm ven*
geataee thatmoda all defiaaiee. The measures of those times'
i^gaiaat Ake Catbslks are^more s^onizing thw mwy inflicted

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40 JBwr an ChiMfe Si^mipmUk

}f/f!lkia^wet against «be ProteatmitS) beeMMtlbntR
tenancy was equally certoini wMJe it was «nore [
And «ltboiigli, in.oontradislinelion to* sonsabof < the Uaok^r |ie«-
•^iods of Catholic bij^try, thtysddotn depriyed Ihejaili i i iltiii .rf
life; yet they did worse when tbey took scwmfiftom^'ummummi
^nd respectable class of people^ aU thadTandeis^Kfe dmirwhkm
Nothing can so effeetually extenuate the mitgiudfed aeaft m£ w&mm
Catholics in the eai4y htttoryof tb^trpiocmKttgSy'aa ^mmhh*
parison with Proteiitiitit eeal at otlwra. -W« gveatly hunent that
^e similarity should be so strikilng between tbsin ; and aUhoiigh
the bigotted conduct of our ProtestaAt foreAiitisn-reAtcte wo
disgrace on the Proltotanta of the preaeatday) -yefithe modeni
Catholics are still persecuted for the measuws of >«iirtaoGeatcn»
adopted in an age -of religious discord. Every vnprqudiead
aud liberal mind -contemplatea with horror and dngiistthe paat
pursued by Protestant aealots during a period of oivil confeeii*
tioQ, imputing their partiality, injustioe, and awreiity tothe di&*
i|palty of their situation, and the irritating state of oootendioig
IHSti^Sk Is it not equally porobahle, that the modem Ckthoiias
view with abhoirence the. ativMuties formerly comndttodf aadop
ib^ absurd pretext. of pfptnoting the^oause of rdigioD; .«a<th«l
they should nymtaUy approve, what th^. cwuiot ^€fenig*jmltfjfi
if they are to be judged by th«ir pccifeastons, aiad wte camiat^
p^ceivetbei «%/itorreason why. they should not> thaof cmt
taimiy view wdth detestation similar to- om own the iojisdiciooa
seal of formeri days.

We eamiot quit this tarnished portion o£ fingKsIi luakoqr
without furnishing some slight specimen of ProtestaMl tdeaa»
4io0^ in the l^eign of William the Third-— a period to nduriiMiv
Abbot and^his friends. so exultingly.refer for. the comfttiim^^
that system of toleration which is in their minds the aublimeit
tffon of human wisdom. The revolution must he. regunkd
rather as the complete and lasting triumph of Pnitesteit aAoen*
dancy, than as any advance made towards religious tokntkKU
in' order to shew the disposition of his/govamnMiityivne shall
only refer the reader to one ckcuJBstanee inthe teign-of that
aullm monarch, which will be. found in Lord Somen'A Tnct%
viz. '< the /case of the two absolv^rs who were Ivied ia th^ Gaut.
of.King's Bench on the 2d of July, 1696, fer giving absolution
at the place of execution >to Sir Jjohn Friendand (Sir^WilUuis
Pari(ens." It does not .appear that these persoM wwnloiiad
guilty; yet they owed th^ir sq/ky.numly to die simifasri^ritat*.
tween the Protestant and Catholic tenets, it being.admisailife by
t^ principles of the Prpt^tant fajth to admioiskc: absolulMNi
to a sick /nans «Bd it was Iteld^ that an individual ontod fw

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i :a»«Mrrii in Mnd m ' othcArs^ of a <^ MmAslHfliWli
Mqforti«|der<the4»m)t8 of -death." ' n.r.r r.

- -iWwihmm cbrelt at> some length on the state of p^eMit ?e^t^
iliiliig^:tiiote periods which werc^ ttistin^roished' by s^ef e and
|MPlialiBe«mnm'B(;aiDat'tlie Calhoiies. Our dhjecthas^ b^entfi^
■iidirllrt spirit 4rf the tmes, ftom the quality of thdr prtyddsd^s
m^% '-and in* 'the few remarks we Inve ofifereS on the sM^ <A
piiitiis, ithaabeeoi our: endeavour to prore, npon' pr^neml prt^^'
«9ip)esythfil every aet 'then 'passed by the Legislature r^iivd
tejbe0MitiDaaUy>eKanined, as the prejticHcds of mankind^ anff
tlse causes that igave them hirth^ gi^ually svdiside. - '

j^Weiconnnenoed oar inqtdry by admitting the hecessity folf
the'eDaotment ef some restrietivt laws at the 'first c^ommt'tiee-'
snent of R'olestaat ascendancy : the irritlition of both paHies;
iD0iii thepiotiBcted and inveterate: dissehtkins thithiil''6ul>^
Mjsted between them^ reqoiredt'hat'the'firM momeiits^^of MeccniM
ahould be dedmled to the-fonnatidn •oPiawssuttableT'tb'the^
HmtSi It was necessary that th^ oMnseth^ii <adopl^d shtitiUl
be* of a deoisHie charaeter, i«i ortler- to ptievelirt future diiAfetMr
aHDdUoodsKtd on the sabjeet'Of- tHeologica) contk^otersyY 'ttidr
sAthoagh the.atate of pubiic >opiRion disqualified the Vef^lklt^Xfi/
ftoa^^actin^ <^h eoohiess And ntoderation, the vij^o^r 'atid a|^'
pasBBt/nialigMuiey of their measures mtidt be in atome de;^e^
^ntenosMi by :the diffieulty of 'their ^tuation, atid the* tiedessiCf
lheie>wa9.<to guasd against the»reeurfenee0f eivil discord. 'W^'
cannot certainly appiove the acts passed at tha€ time, although
i«aoh>aaay lie asid in their defence : there is^a cruelty dise^i^f*
ifaie in tfaem^^bat excites disgust, and they are invariably Hkito^
taoM: witb Ugatry and fanaticism. Yet as the puMio pre)udleb
BasgiaduaUy dissipated^ the <better part of the Prolestant chb*^
meter, has disphfsd itself, and the Catholics of Ireland are in«^
debtad.to the jostiise eif later parHaments for the repeal of man^
of thoae'Stataites wU^ ofigmted in a period of dbgttaceful in^'
toieraaoe.

Wehavebe&)l»obsevved thut- measures of severity, or re^^*
fitmtions of any kind, imposed upon a particular class of men,
omaniy be justified wden adopted for the immediate presct*J '
¥atiaa>of;tlie state from ianninent peril, aiid should ebhset
qiaratly tenninata with the elcigen^y that produced iheita.' ' Ifc
will be ouv purpose now to shew'that there would not^ bethd
MMglUest^iamgn to the state in admitting the Catholics to afuH
pastjcipadioB of eaeiy privilege granti^l-to Pi^rvtestant subjects) .
and tlMitthey^may safely be^releatedlreiti every restrictioil bere^r
t^felir impoiml •00' theoiw ||^ pnarsuing thi^ inquiry we tMi

••■1 ; .-. i »«• i. .•!• '■ ' ■ •

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I4a JbWfOr fW liMNKNMI'jHINIIinfNNIVIIb

■vrt cSftitiiM tiK ilnlc. <H th6*OiAiioaBi of oIlMV'oMrtliiiB^'WlMb
will refute the illiberal and liedsei<95S appftheiiiibBs utertalMA
by ignofflRvt people as to the aafeCjr of their^entire^Attaehise-
inent. We shaH then invesdgBte the disputMntiehA «# the C»^
thdie ftuth, whieh, when compared withthe itmft ^fiels of tll«
Sfttabiished Church, wiH be found to tigrte aliftoit in efay<pa^»
tfeular. Our next object will be to oAr Mime rennirle^ oo A#
opinions of those who are unftien<Hf tD'tbe^CfltfadHcs; wdf
lartly, we shall submit a few otosefiuiiMiB wi the vetoi.
' The principal alhsgAtfons wMeh <h« prejudielss of scftsehMi
bigots still wfge against the RmiM CathoHes ttre^* that ithek m^
figious principles ai&fcndftiiientallf miscMeiveas, attd'predud^
their being safely admitted by any Protestant State into a par^
ticipation of equal rights. It is contended^ that so dangerous
are their, principles, that they threaten the almost certain anni-
bilation of erery civil institution, where entire tolemtion ia

Exited totheoH^Thot they aiV'the most superstitious people
1^; and thatitheirmipcastitmn' possesses such p9iisr/tti^^&^
tfeo^ont^astobeeKoeedinglyif^A^lio^ soa«ebs(ir,thati#tfae
festrictlotis were to cease, their would mafce us aH oeu^wttato
ttieif mode of faitit, and to -t»eif fohht of wonhip, wMdf ia
^iror3e;"and that, moreover, ail th^ horrof^ of ^opeiy wMld be
eintailH trpon us as a return tiit otxr injudicious demehcy-**
That it is impossible to preserve' the FVotdstant ascitodtody, and
all the benenta we deiive frous our own sef^^-rtMWfJK^ektgy by
the adminiftrstion'of oalhs^ fecoiue Cadmiks ave ast to be
believed upon their oaths-^Tfaat they have some lew peinta of
fiMth, BSid some peeuliarilieat in form which we have tiot*^Tkat
liiey are sd depmvel m to endeavour to mdie proselytes to 4ii«if
feUgion^ which of course we have too much liberali^to attampt
«-^£nd that, moreover^ their priests are zetdtni^n die disduarge of
tiieir duties, and in promulgating their tenets, which our^waM
probably do likewise, wert they not most conunonly eidler de»
terred by apathy, or employed burily in the pursuit of pleaMeew
These are tbepromment objecttons against the Catholics; with
Ae addition 'of one futHier eaomity, which is peihaps more
beioous than all the others united: namely, their- adherenee %e
the Pope. Upon this point the whole l^testant populalida
are 6aH of suiprise and indignation, that any class of peo^
fhould be so senseless, so wilfoUy Uind, as to prefer a Pope to
a King as the head of their church. Do they not know, er d^
they require to be informed, that longs are all ef them appoiMad
by diome authority , and that th^ are properly and stgni^fkamiUlf
tinned the Lord's Anointed? Moredver^ Ifcat they are «il of

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i HM&peMttMlj ^kMBteriflcd eMktrhj (be imeiity oTHieir Unm
i ivtliecifourof thdrmt^Uec^ But we nrast defer our obser*
i viitioii»on4lieae vari<Ni8*poiiil»y until they each present thfem*^
i Mlvet Ar diyicwifiik>D» ki the proper difisioDs of ourenquirfa

Ourobjeet iiow^ is nitiierto ooBaider the effects they produce ia
d other «MMfytiieB) where i the OathoHc region is practiced with«*
$ 9111 opp«itiott) aodto shewl^ amdogy, how far-BKPBiUEMNcS
I CMNifirms ois dissiptttes these alarms and apprehensions. '

Ia «attiiwing4he€oadhiet'pursaed by other goNrernmentsie^/
I lHti«0|a<th6 c^iipeh estabUriwiettt, and their toleration of va«

Mun reKgiens^ ilwiU bo diOeiilttofind a justiieatiofi either

r

)

i fo'theacrMi^e^ortbomeasul^of otirowB*

•f "This day th^re exists not/' says pur authofi "\n Europe one

' government (for Spain anii Portu^^ in their present circum*

I stances^ cannot be called governments^) so sectarian iii its princif

i pies, and so dogmatical in its policy, as England. In every oth^

I country all sects of Chrfstiahity are enabled to bear all'ciTl] atfd

I military offices; and in txianytfae Mlowers of 'all religions, of

l BtsmiL, of MalRifliet^ aad-of. Christy may ei^oy the profit and the

^ honour <rf atrviag tile 'OommonweaUii. Yet this sfgnal suspi*-

I cioaaiieas^thiff selfish apprdpr]ac&on,t«iiuiphadespotkaUy undfr

^ aeqnistlt»tioft.wl^ich ii.dftclamfii wiih.adinii?ilioHj to bathe parar

I gOR of ^uman inatituticit^pj a. fort. of politioo^platQiuc rcnrerJre^

' (MListing ffpmsJH eternity it^ th;^ mi^d of the world."

In speaking oFGermany, we nmst confine ourselves to Austru^
I altfaough many of the smidler powers, might, by the liberality
of their conduct on thief point, be offered as an example to Bri^*
tafir well deserving of imitatioD. Hi^re is to be observed in the
fanp^Al goi^emment of Germany, a tolertint spirit that reflects
the highest credit on the natfOn, when it is recollected that the
jKipmlation is essentially Catholic. Qy the constitntion of Austria,
the strictest equality is observed between the Protestants arid
CathoKcs. This shews not merdy* that the latter class may hp
saMy tolerated, but it disproves satisfactorily, every imputation
i^nst the modent Catholics, respecting the tbleration th^
would grant^to others. Mably Droit pub. 1. 1, p. 43, says — «fl
yaura nne exacte egaUte entre les eleeteurs princes et etats de
I'uneet Fautre religidn;" and by the treaty of Osnaburg^ Art. 5,
f 1^, (ibid, p. 42) it was agreed, ^ dans ies Assembles ordinaire^
aussi qiie dandles dictes generates les nombre des deputes de
Tune et Tantre religion sera egal/'' And these regulations
Srei^ -passed under an Emperor of the Roman Catholic re-
ligion. , ... . V

Befoffv we doae our remarbS on Germanftderation, we canndt
ifefrain from slightly introducing, Switzerland and Saxony.

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9H £tel-M»iSBtto8oi

Xfa^lkinacr4&i» 4e8#rved a&¥r«U> froto Ihc frif tjumf rftlii igri*
vcrnment, Uie simplicity of its inhabitaiifts^ aDdithm mlhiinittif
lonrte.Df independeao^ ; aad U»« Uuter ao powerfaHy. iim hmM ^
fiomiti unprincipled. spoJiatiouj and its fim adUisreme'ttuM
«afiictuiiaie sovereiga uiukr the ABJuati«e of » aoilosoed <Vwpiiiti
ifoit^ . tliat it would be tfeason to the cause t^f libirty aisd vi»lMb
put to makii-saitte^UusioQ to theirTeMnplavy aadlibcnl qunr
tities. ...'.' J

Switzarland pietents one of thwe gn^ti^n^ intkmmmMfsi
.moral ffUketihUityp which i» sfMopi. iwitncgiieti madai apymJg
«if govarpmeot^ ForinidaUelfafli itsiuataiasiify i^iibaBty'tlfc
idol, ODdirirUic ita.<ftmpftttioiH-^it is avtraaadif tanaaiidieiimr
prinoipkd invadert whilst cultiyatiDg the arts of jpeace^ &vA
a pedple are- too simple ia theit manners, and nnsophiaticafled
in their bakits to^ stoop to the low artifices adopted by certaia
HoMriuaents.. under the controul of a regular chuech establishr
Ulent. Their hearts axe toog^nerous, to .treat those as4eQeinieSt
^ho differ from .themselves in mere matters of ofiinMNs: and
instead of plotting for the supremacy of any-oMclaaB of Cb^
iaani^- Ibelr.amiabla systaon dissipates every cause of aomplaial^

4iqr>'M :M}«alrdiatribiUii>&. of stsiot justice and public -viglito
TiM. Hiist perfect equallily is enjoyed both* l^ the FtotMimti
and/ dutholics. No disaUlity is imposed on anjr olaas of cHi*
.^Bcns ^ account of theii religious sentiments. And whether jn
^tb&goyemmentof provinces^ or the administration ofatateajlte
atrictt&t impartiality is observed towards, all laligiona.. This
conciUatqry policy) is diaoemible in every law of the cant^pa;
and amongst others it. is specifically stated,, that, every dispute
.between a Catholic and a Protestant, shall bedecided Iv^
cgvoimimbeir of judges of tbeiuio leligions. This Uw.is simi-
lar to our own cfe^nedielale tit^gme. Bub our law is merely re*
ooited to for the b^iefit of Jews and Foreigners of aU sects and
peisuasftons, but the Catholics are not admitted to thicpnyi-
kge, although they are the only class of non-conformists, iwbo
&om the violence of religious antipathy, may be really sfdd* to
•ra^uire it as an indispensable nght.

Saxony may be adduced, as an instance of mutual attachment
subsisting between a Catholic monarch and a Protestant 'popu*
Jatioii. This is the situation of the Jungdom of Saxony, wkkk
..prior to its becoming the seat of war, and being ravaged alter-
aaately by each party, was contented and prosperous beyond any
x)ther district in Germany. It is clearly dcmonstcatixe^ from
the recent display of attachment subsisting between thinking
«nd the peo[>le, that the reign of a Catlu^ soveroigtt may
'Ik; ' distinguished by liberaEty and moderationi and t^

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ittBofc'iBiiwwiHiiiiii, M»

4iiiimwteiheiMfaty*<rfflilhciv •^•- - • »i>i. .

^ Ii^poililuig>«wob8«f«mtiMi tMWfc the SMt^ive^ ■Ml'tei
mvmikmg **4d» apytniA cte<»th0' ii€o«» ofiwiigiMa- totaialion^
•iBODgkt' »«iilaii» ttfl« people '^hom* we uam* fSymm^iim'tim
JbMliMf i«o • A#g^ f. 1P9> «ke«nrcs^ ^< la ifa« Biinlaii JBmpinii

Chmtien^ Mahenetan, whether he iv<as a follower of Coiifr

Kwiin^JttiP'eaittle* ioi^fv^spf^ikfftif^ ^' The gMMMumtiitf
4ikd«c>ia)alcf;qibtad)bf iifae^eaH^ ¥ailhittab|)micipl^'«iid liS' 4||idar
»»reiigifctta!fci>titliaiaaftiit>'<* let < w iMMRiiitiiim - oun^ alttMioaL' ^
ibedloftbf ^ ^UMlai^ thirwtfriMlked^Mvhafoya^mdl eililanql
«Mall9iiwkaie'piq>uiiitioti>iiBt^S($lAretAy't(dhq^ nmiotlitf ficpia
ibtfi fari^>cltatte%^^^Mat'Wtebe'<4iniiiat^ h#ve^iikiMn> dibciw
gyWlad jyievety tUiif ibart;tdihiiid4«^*5tt£tife^aNK
4Hi«alitji^ihaldai il{Mti«lLampteittNtlHi pttMittnit vMkilies • ltti»l^
4bt nNn|i^8mi.wia».this><«mUSl^

•qoUk^^ authMrerap lbe^iMiritii0iP4ibfird ^oUti^V^ j^eawiligty
<4ieiqtiiKrti;'jbiit>arisiiig^M«v4M» tfW|jqiicfa»>«of'iti'>attbuiiMit
tfilBiils wMisntTia^ bec»'Mpke«l>jfakMEi prieAisi^i^dfliim hi(b#
1tfiMM*jaUaehik «a ai«}iiirt^1tfi|(^dbiHliheyfo\'«r >their<^A«loeihi;
^faidv wwUd i^naibie tiMmii(0e inttoitiMeiTeir^oiia 'ifaittilehilioai
'TdcMil^itlM^Ai itirfaisiiifefttftiCiiiliaiiMy' <Vi Siip:' ^IMI) HMt
iiMiMb^'TMk^; Hndtoasy ilChria«iana,* ^smf ill asffiae ta >^
«M1 amt'^karjr^ skiiiitm* liivithe' domitikma .^ 4tiifaliu
^A\i^' silfst<ei]vafeithoi^'<fiia)tli«ilBtti|igleriouH' (}aiBpMg0^ (of
Jlitiwhr^hisll^^hniii&tlMl'itt l^S>4s> wkiti 4iie<tideef Banpeiia
«npi liellMi^ttiribarabBorMl'Mldiarftpateiclw itAbedytwoof
tbeiohMifteMrkls o^HiMMieKffkmtf flNuiveach 0lher in leligepii^
Mul(faoliidt8erea*oiilf Ae religioi} of^tiie atatev • ki like itiai»*
UMr^the lUdtof HmiRary, wMch»k 'the paarllameiit'Of tumkad
flMa|Bidijr,'abACiiheiiC) ynoaeil ]m\V1^ W nitotartioii^ dedartiig,
4lMltfiheupiiUki oiiictfi- aiid^hotieiivsv btf^aAd'tow, gfeataiid
tolatt^ 5ilhttibeigiiiieii torttalfiyi bofn Hungtriaattv 'Who 4eanM
wdl of their country) and 4uh9f)ilsae«i ^lUihev gteUt quafifi*
-■arianifjtiaHtoiH anyreapeet'to tlieir-religtonJ^ *. <

J^iaiaa ^another inatamse'of the progfeisiioii<of ^fiberaliidlBae^
vndLabcwa^ her example) that a Cathdiie populatioA is aa)Mlbie
•f Htdi^MiteolighteiBed and jaist policy on tiie • great queitiaA
'Ofi'M^usfraedoin.* By her rerolution ^be: released herself

: ' <* Mnce,' sMmhi^ a CatttMIe toatkfy, tifls repcaCcrfly tnwaowJ Protestttyftf
• lDiiwtfi9it«ii0win.t|M4tsiUi'; sinqa^t other iRata&MM, ^pfowdioMol^,^*

Crit, Rev, Vot. II. -^^^*, 1815. T

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fr<^tbt*thtfl]4Mi oTIh^ ehofth) and dturing e^crsrdMiigefla
tb^ govertitnent since that period> Hhe moat iuilhnit«d equaliiy
AfitotigM Mabaeti ef religioii has been immnbl^r preserved.
l%«*^flebf Franea^^tretheviothna of pri^% <nrtottiM^
siot'heoaflBM they "w^re 'under the ddminion nrf'tbe Cathofie
rAigibfif, biMfiram an inherent fiaasion that eiualain evtsiy ichttrelk
cSiiabK^hniadty'first teeoslave the irand^ and aCtervranAr uvabsovl^
ih Jts€lf th^'ptoperty hjS ita victima. To such a apedea of
tfeifialinetis and rapacity had the churcfararrived^ tiiatby gt^aping
attmore^ ittoat the crafty acqoiaitiona of dcfntnriesf whieh it
miw'never can regabi. Such has been the result of a conWat
liet^v^n fhe people ahd the churehi as to exftorndiikt^ teai
c^mtry ahaost ttchumly Catholic, every veatfgeof intolerioieei^
amd' to 'sub^itute in its stead, universal equalkf. ' Why dn
tiot'ioe hei^^ by the experience^ and example of France; and
referm our^Chnrch Establishment by restoring to the peopte
what the bigotry of former times has wrested from them ? May
i^e hot, from the example of Austria, France> and other Catholic
Countries, aecfaire notions ^f religions toleration, titat bM n
K^testant nation we bughttxyput'in practice? Itiamerttfuly
degrading, that En^and is almost the tmly country 'that 'ihai
not kept pace with the advance of liberal principles. Having
arrived at what she conceives the acme of peifection in her
titvtt aad^riill^hins" hisUtuthMis; - she^huts hercyer-agidyst the
raysof new light, that diffuse themselves throughout the rest
of'^the worid, and which at one time shone as brightly on her id
the meridian sun. This unfortunate popular delusion has been
aggravated by the machinations of corrupt ministries, until the
best interests of the people have been sacrificed to the caprices
of a few interested knaves ; and there is now every prospect^ of
aociety at targe retrogading to its firmer state ^of bllndiMta^
and vassalage. ■ - • t

' From this examination of the statet>f theContincucalpowers)
lind firom contrasting their liberality towards dissenters with <o«tr
ownt^tal abrogation of it, we asust arri e at this conolu^n,
tba#'khe 'British government approaches more dosely to •the
Sfiatii^h, Hban to any other, in the intolerant, overbearhig, and
if^HMlietive sj^^t^m pursued tosvavds ilon-HConfonnitfts. The prin-
cipal distinction between the -two consisting merely in the title
bf its prevailing secty^'-^he one being Protestant, the other Ca-^

«ROIfC'« '

. Thfii fionditiouof Sptun, from the oppression of its clefgy, has
been frequently adduced, as an argument against the expediency
of conceding to tlie CatHotics of the Vnited Kingdom, ilie entire
restoration of their legitimate rights;' the religious despotism of .

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81^ 9f^^Q VxQtA9^nt zealots* ki «eMrtiAgto siiql> lan f«^fiHff^^
t^f^tr9itw0AxH^oitiM»ir4isi^Hmuin.{9tc^, iides^^u^^^^f^

1t9^ ac»?9Wt Jor the fapaticiffqii^C an in4i«i4tta)>quqtry,(8tiUj if:
the ilUbeialiJiy of one power, be adfailfed4as.a^peoiH)en.4Mi(M!
Qpei^iiie'of' tbi^e^l itendeiley'Of apaiticular reUgioa; a^d il
em^^.be ihf;wiiiiQQ(theoti»^r9^tb^ in. nlmost ev^ery other. aUO^
vb^ere.tbfti i^l^^iou pif ymlay the .Qiiarac4;er.andcoi;Hiuctaf'^
gpjfffnipeat ar<^ «iarked bf an oppoaiteiuie ofpoUcjy^tbe ^&t
IHsieiK^of tli^iro^jprUy murtde^^id^ the pom^. Anfl itbejng
fcHlpdy ^t J;hein9^tfv«ea,qf l(2)alhoMcrii)tpler||iiQe<aceU.dievpie-*-
Si^Btadvaiicedjstate.Qf Ubeiuil opwoAS jD^enely'^^oi^filied. ti^ione
f>x $iwo ^QHtmukes^d^f wUl^.uftUipited . ^oAe^titiQii aad perfect
religious .equality are thet pron^iqeal features, of. f^yery iQtbe|r^
«ia$e; .the getifiml primiplei w'M be establishfri m fa¥aKW« (4
imj^^raoi. Upemlity^ yfkil^t iXU^tfi^iafy inatanoes^^ i^f* i^gkw
^dc»potism,ip»u^becoiaksid4^eda9r>|0ei^ . . ..w&^.r

♦.♦ * [To be efmUna^dii' • • > . ^ • or

uj.nj'i. .'iiiii iiiinnniii uiiMiiijiumf iiiiiiuiiij iiiii. imn .

^T. y.T-Z.irfi« 0^ Ca«« 4^nm PoUio^, Mofcuf Xeref^fitis^, Kwft^
and Cneius Cornelius G alius j with ,Uotes and^ lllustratipn^. By i/||
B«7. Edward Berwick. 8vo. Pp. 178. Triphopk. 1815.

' V lQm^nHedfntdpxiei&,'} • '• • t

t T.yA^Bob84tb^«aii»i^pr4»ceptiir^^a^iCieeio. ,He)^a^
pre-eminently classed at Rome, beuig esteemed the ^lOAtlearAr?
fA.of.biB wcopt^mpoirariies^. .St. .Augi«»tine>t. firoin wthom me
i»UadL tbe^jtbis o^ebi^ted nnfin.reecdvedilus hip^ And iqdtteptieii
in Rome,. styles hiro-*Tir^^ Firdt:>eHuimu» tmdMiMq^ VQ/rnih\'Trt
^fiim»af^9is» of iiumin^iwto languages .aiidTel^ittianu«Mavit
mis rqpeat^. faia pratue iu ihe Latin (im t.we haTe> ^yimt .qnpMyti
He.waa boraia the Year C37^ dwng ^b&<^wbhip4>£X^i9itt»
liciiiiQs.p^ay ^nd^Aaintas Fabins^StMiniusv . • -;. . r • : ^ n*»
jt>ur Edkor lai9eBite» that.lUtlp ia hnosvn of the ^arlyi V£^ ipf
Varro. His name does mt appear in the history of his couptf y

* hvcihfi Muv8 Srnjo at Rome, apd Antioci^vs H Atften^.
+ Inhishook, ** Dt CiuUate jitrL"

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tint3 the Year486it.ibU>wluch time he beU ooaHnand
Potnpey in his 'war :a«aif)st the Pirates, and obtsuned a .
. crowQ^ an hoDour o^^ conferred on those who dislingVBslietf
themfi^ves. atsea. <ln this war Vanro had Pafalius S«pliiiik»
hi^ f^ussstor, for whom: be' wrote his three books eoneemiiig^lhe
^tin toDguei Biit^to- establish the astoMshiog ¥«riety of
Vano's studiei^ we will mhagle weli^anthettticated anecdotewMi
CfMStolaryandfaistoriealfresearch, as forciUj characteiillic of
the mind we desire todevelope.

When stationed at Corcyra with his fleet and aonny^ Vaif^
writes, <^ When all the houses were filled with dead bodies and
fnniral preparations (the consequence of the plague) I made
new apertinres towards the North ; and, by removing the infeeU
ed^ changing the door- ways, and by other instances of atHeotio*
of t\iiB kmd, I bfought back my associates and fomily ia safe^."
.!p]^isj hfi adds, he did in imitation of Hippocrates, who sa^
aeveeal cities of Gieece by the like nKxie of ptoceeduig in a
pandlelicaoe.

w.JPlinyfi thfus displays Varro's lo^re of scietoce'and fhe fine
ittsj He tells us, that Caius Mureena and Marcus Vsno;
•who were curaid^ adiles about the Year 692, caused a piece of
pldntitig in fresco to be brought from Lacedemon to Rome to
i^prn the Comitium; having cut out the same whole and
eniir^, and enclosed it within cases of wood. This painting
.was excellent and much admired; but what excited most
surprise wqis, that it could have been transported sdfe, aaf
Without the least injury.

Thesame writer continues — ^Varro had a museum inwhich,i
lunong other specimens of the fine arts, he had a lioness of mar^
t)le, the work of Archelaus, which was eneonapassed witk
wislged Cupids playing tvound it, whose attiCiidetf were graitly
aitomd; for some of them appeared in the act <4 Mmfing
to; oibhevs, in the act of making her drink out cf a horn; and
0Qliie;seemed a$ if putting aoeks on her feet. The whc^ df
tiM»beauiifol group was fomied out of one ston^.

nVmo's attadiment to Pompey narics the se^end |N?riods %r
histUfe, at which history glances. During the Con^ttMi^ of
^ latter, Varro gave Um a commentaTy, caiiedf *^ IsagogiiVhk
4e4ifici0 Senutus ftotendi,*' and twenty years aftar^ in 704, we
^nd .Yairo appcnnted, one of Pompey's lieutenants in Spaioji
y^^ Airanius and Petreius, in the civil war wilh'Ccfesar. At
.this period, Varro was in the sixty- sevepth year of his age«

» MCHftD. S6 Book ' i .1

f'VldeVarnrskttfrstoAppianufi. Cell : 1. 14, c. 7.

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''*nibTX^ In the Bitty-seventh year of his age, he supported the
t^v!3e of rbmpcy, for whom he had crer entertained k high
regavd, as long^ as H wa§ tenable, and iacted With att aWfoiir of
xeak In the pyosecntion of H, midh as tnay ]k>8sibly have ^iV(^h htk

! CtPTtioine aefttfus'itfleeliom in his* more tranqutfi mioaie^td z
for ftta|ifpeaf«, tUat tadi 8tat«» in Spaifi as were weU offered 4^
P«3av»^^ei€4i4iM}.witi» heavy impoaitiooa, snd^coitfifloaled theprOr

tertieg^ ii^y. whoQx ,1^ accused of having spoken agfiinst wha;^
e called Uie conuuoawealth : to which may be ad(kd, tbat he
obliged ^hfi whole piyjvincQ. wherein he. commaxKled^ to ta^fi an
oath oF^elity to himself and Poropey, However, after tfee
defeat of ' Afraiims and Petreius, he found himself no longer in>
Situation to oppose the overwhelming power of Ciesafr, and ther,^-
fore snrrendei-«l himself and army into the hands of the coi^quercjr
of OyrttevB, i^hete he gave him an account (rf his ajdministratidii»
and «f the public treasave, which he defii^^r^cff to hitn, at die
jitMie time infofiniBg bim what^tortfl of covti mid sfaippiAg heful4
provided, and where they were to be found.?* • ••' » » ' w

'' Cesar wa6 fuUy aenaible of the acqi&isitAoa of so leamed^iiiha)!
fts Varj|9$ f^i baifig himself «acholar» and fond of collecting bbiks^
he assign^ to him the Usk of. disposing and arranging nal^only th»
books ^ was able to procure himself,, but i^uch as, had b^ea
acquired by his learned predecessors. iEmilius Paulus was thp
first Hohaan who brought to Rome a collection of books. And thi6
he did after his victory over Perseus, king of Macedonia, Jiis
esc^tmple Was followed hy Sylla, who after the siege of Athens
tenied t6 Romfe A library which he discoJvereJ in the temple of
Apollo^ ThfB icoll^cflon Mfns greatly augmented by LiicuIlUs'^ tb
'Which he gave the scholar the most easy aocess;"

/^ This w«» m4ihary«*-«ays PIiitairch**-^wbere walks, gaSeriei^
l«id ceUi^t^^ Wfune open to «11 visitors; and the ingenious
Qre^f yfhtiVi Mjtoisare) resorted to the abod^ of the tfynB^
toheM Ijtervry ednversci in which LucuUus loved to jmi,
Tbe eaUeet^ of Ixiolui' which thecooquevor of Milhvidtftef
laadet ^v^s th^ grand fmits of his Pontic ^oiis^ (iB90ng* ^vMitA
was the faraQUs^.ltbsaiy of Apeftieoii the l^mn^ wherein weri
di^cuveped the work» of ArietoMe and Theophltotus. = Whto*
levisr tjrr^Bts iw panrpeia possess sense as wdl as ooiBArage,tog«iNi
ih«i; witb^a^MBBe- UarBiogt tbsy genoratty povve Ibe ivsimieM
friei^da and pationayof theiCiHise'of litemtiiret andjfche tehson if

»» <M ■ >mt, ^n.t ■■■,,<■ .!.♦>.». ^. <...;>* ..> t ■>■«»*■■ I ■ III 1 > 111 II rf.i« -

"ft ** Tb» spollSiitblM Varrd Iia4 Cakeo ttofh the tiSaipte tif HferdTleS St Q^M
wei«4M4efed by Caesar lo be reitorad to it, uhickpraves ia what high -ttiim^'
tioD the temple was beld by the inhabitants. For an account of this temple*
lee toy (the Editor's) translation of AnoUouius, b. 5, c. S. It it saitlf tW
Cjcsar invaded Britain in hopes of finding pearls. No such reason induced
him to hivade it Suetonius says, lie would purchase at aoa^.c^ost fi^etns, csimed
yrorks^ and pictureS| if executed by the eminent mas^er^ of antic^uity."

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D})?ioi)i;sr7-bec9Hae th^y koow it b their inl^wt-lio 4iyiik^
public attention from all political ^p^vlatioiitfM^^tQfafifirvlilifc^
cttttt^<^ or $V^e$ the iawhawirtablc oc«iipati9M»ji)f/pmMi^#
wd tbeixHifioUiiigpkasures of iiiMigiiMili0ii«''>. 'mj .k m.m -.
,...Varrp5<oo his leaving Spain» appears lo h«re vi^^bdvawiithiasii*
«elf Irom public life» and to haxr^ devotad; hiiiTfWiadcrfint
lyieiig^iea lo philoeophical 8tudf s «^d it is notal^e mmwvilUft
tlMit he retained the vigour of hia mental &ie«)tieBi«iftil^)iii
e|ghty*-€aghth* year. During this i^ireBAent. b^ €pntiac^ f
firict friendiship with Cicero^ which is inuoortidis&ed by thdit
mutsal dedieatioivH<^tbatof Varro's tieafise o|i theX^tip tongn^
to Ciceco; and tbalt of Cicero'^ iK^iniqnliqnQstiopa to Yw^
During this intimate- assofaatioA, Ciciero in bis letters to Yam
h^fml» with great freedocn thp downfall of the 9tate^ and t$^
invites (be other ta be ready^ whenever caV«d . upon, Uy e^fofni
bnt^ qpt, 9fsiif bia oouncilB) tuit bis. lalKxiia^ in repairijoig tba
nw^.of thejrepublic, *. • .

i>.^f But shoiidd iMine^^^^wys C^oero-vfH^ servioea.far

tbM p^iXfoadf let ns employ our time and thoughts vipon moral
and jpQJi^ical inquiries. If we eennot benefit the cammooweal^
jka the foriw and the senate, let us endeaveur to do so by^jW
tfarOe^ a^d writings j apd^ aftec tihe^tample of the most Iflsot^
AHiong 4bhe ancient^ /contribute tp the "Welfare of our Qow9i^}tf
us4i|^4isquifatioiiis con^^ . >....'.

liie cultivation of general literature was uni£pnnlsr4h^iPfV4
aerefiog'iWiuety -of Varra's- mind* Ab a Mmtor he was m^
emiiv^tit; andwe.nu^ venttve^to infer, ttot>hib militsKy^ purn
suits were more.the effect of duty thaA of choioev .Hi^ maetfh!
lonf, fhe'Terentii bad achieved high milituny len^wni nndtbs
diatracted times in which he lived moat proMriy.led Vwro .Is
deem it ladiapensable thathe shoidd follow thear pvond iMfe&:

..Our Editor enters very ftdly iatft the intimacy 4hat.s«bMSte<
l^etween Viurro and €iciero^ and gives many cuiigu^ eKtncts^ffr
laliltg to the biter's aoadconieal treatise and its dedicaliio». ^Sl
eould. no. longer refnun*^-say^ Cicero in a letter to Vanror^^fnA
telling the world in the best manner I was able, that we m
united hath in our affecdona and in our studies. Witik.this
^^eW'I haive: drawn up a dialogue, which I suppose ta hsvs
passed between yon aiid myself^ in conjuoetion. with AtticaSf
ttMthave laid the scene in yoiv Cuman villa. The part 1 hart
assigned to you is to defend (what, if 1 mistake not, you sp-

. • * Vant>, wben four score jean <»f age, wrote books <m hasbaniiry» and %i^
\n tiMth a way, thttt be appears to have been of a most cbeerful temper; 109
jiait>uly to have fe^ty but ralifebed the delin^ht^ness of his studies.*-

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Mio^i>fiMa8AMIt9P^Ui6,f^eTife. Hit

^MvVj^tlte MntittiMU of Abtiodiud/to^I httte chosetkmy^eir'io
jMBfatkiin'Miepriiidple0<yf 1^^ > ' ' ' 'i ^"(

* 1^}ow^ Ahkioiehiifr ivw « pliQcftopher of AAeiMv #hditiitff<«
tained.the doctrine ofthfe oiU^'actkleniy; ftnd;Philo^wl^ti'tfhI^
iimpheflff'U}^ cbitfaeter» aiiil'theiiiftster6f AntioiirtiiitfiMfem
be'sGfmdCibiefir opptiHedv Vl#ro gi^eatlf eatedned ihi^ It^tMtei'Qt
AntidGtaff.' Bruckef/ in his IB»tcria Otttita^ IfUOoift^^nM^
sAyS) thart ¥rtrm waB the orAun^nt of the old ttead^tliv f ' a ^tett
0f ufiMsoMmcMi abiltUefty aikd lar^ stores t>f leaflfliiiig*, wfafeh" qUd^
Kfidd him for ttie highest offices (^ state: and in the^aicMMletiiM
qtttt^ns^ Vsno tells Oieero; ^ Wha^ isthiire I wish mord> to
jMleitiber/ than what i beard trota Antiochvs, with WhdB^^
§ipetit m months whilst I rertahied «r Athens/' ' :^ ' • ^ < I
ThiseoinrMatton^ m tfttth, never passed beHweaif ^th^ pat«iM
it in composed with the descriptive pritlleges'of dllrio^eiMtu .
ing ; and Cicero must have assafmsd the sceptic, )M ekit<:t^4d
olMUence to his own sentiments^ but as th^ ihedkiftiW doiiipltJ
«ienrto his friend; to ^om he Bisigtisi tb6 mainMMance' of Inlbr^
miond opinionir. Indeedy Clcet^ thought tery highiyi«f ^
p^eeepta of Antiocbus. ^ Undi^r this ^ exeeUettli pbiioy^^^iN^
uiyn he^l n?newed those studies which I hftvcr bitfiifbfid'd^
freitt'fliy'ettrtiest jooth. HeMaft^ned the do(0lviiMa o^'«h<$
sdd aciid^iAy, of which Plato whs the foundeh''' ThtojpWMj^
confirms our leading assertion^ that >^<Varro had flie'Siimt-pi««M
ceptortiis Oieeib/' • • % * > ^ i

* -'Ai^adeinkjphilOMfpliy mthoMdaysww divided ^titotwote^fts;-
caU0d/Ml« MOytMid'thefmi^. The bne wasfcmud^ by Plats';
the othcnr 1(y Apcevilas ; and ihe^princjnal dispute between theof
sectms'to have Yehved'to fihii dej^feie of) et idewce opon Whioh hv-^
ttfon kndwledget fafemded; TH^ tbrUer academies maintaiii^
in^that MM^ propositibild'W^vecertbin^ iht-^Umer^thtt noM
WeWtMre^^tiaa {ffobMe. ' AMd^ wMi(m^ this depth of mo-
ment; 09iry thing in the presem day is^ distinguished Uj t^^Ml
iLnd tbertew'sdhool^whreli is-cibowtiasr^elassie <U the'ftdtcniolia
dU»uittption,'tbAt'tlle' *f P(mr'4t^H(tHd fM)^' %m;'aiei4vhl<'of
the *'Otow^io»6kifne#^'*.W- •■•r- -o- •• . i • - - •m- jrim'^r

» 8pt*irfchjg, generally, ofth*>WtoAsof>VWrtH€ioeftf«ly4)1lief
were «« books which bronglit us home, asiit were/ white irefwciwr
f0t«ij^rs in our own city, aqd Wawdeilvi); tihc strai^t^^^ar
wo m%ht know who, and where we^were.- F^pitt thein^ane laid^

»miuafci Abe rftrio«s 8eoU#r plulveophyf juf whioUc^ wtumtratiai two iMin^-
dre4 and eighty* From IkieM bf»acle9l9»)Ui«Tt«)t;Q|.tlftpt^1 VAi(>(^AI»SMYi**.au4
«dupt$ Us principles iu all his Uteriiry pursuits.

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ise Ube9\(f Cmim JiWuiii IWto^ »M»-

kptXi lli^ chreMlogy of his cosolfy^ 'a dtacf^iliQititC^
the laws of religion^ the ordinaBcey of the {wiiastay ( "
Biilit!|[i7 occnneoces, the ttftuatiM of coanCries ami MiotB, the
iaatnes of all thhigscUvine and humao^ tfie breed of amnial^ nm*
hil dtttieSy and the origin of Chibgs. Added to all this, he Iim
Ibrowoi a great d^ of light on qw poets hy his leamiog anl
fpmesmn&xif and compoaed vaiitoua aad eiegaat workiin idoufC
ereiy kiad of vetae, arid has eiiteprd on tofka AMfrphikwophy
Mfieknt'to iwrite(MBdkiartolb«.iliidf o£il» rbntiilfclB^WMrcj
iiiatnictioflb'" . r « .' <

h« Tkr poruKas .u(li% of Oit hstniiroBda,^ '^^but liAtk.lvi
iiatiUttiuV i$ WMe d^haMe thAD tnajr apyaar nP tke^

{b$(nkt|)OdeWhoae o^^ioionaafe aniveiaalfyaaacl^ted'to^hal; skti^

a; treat rmttm rhereltf in a mipe^ficial way ; fir these jfPtfflt' me

imtchy as. ibey exerds^ thk faculty qf thmkiiig,

\ flire.huiuJDred volu^ea ;ue asgxibed to Varro; three boob

and fragments of his ^^AnahgiaJ*

Op tike universal genius of this great man, St. Augastiiie ob«
tlenfes> ^^ <itn tarn innlta legit , ttt tmpad ei sartberenaotueeinfire^
fattr, ittm mmnctcfifKitj qmam vtuMTO rur qweeftpum esgete poctoMe
credamfis.** And it is, indeed, truly worthy of aUmttad^n^ hMa
Wiimn^fao rclad so much toM find leburetoiin^; asttdl a%
that a tfiati who had wtittfen so much eonht ever hav« retuL' j
'*• We couhi rdcoM endless pttnegyrfc on the learfiiiijr of Vkrrd»
Apiileins. in his Apology, styles Ynrto^^ F-ir iMwraaiitim
^ctusatqde^raiditusi" Issnurk-Cail^bon^ <^onRbi{ia(^'Biarf^^
hm\s Vam> '^bjhr tUe rtkest Uamed writer, wiljio^ !at{y'^fiji^
-pute among' the Rctaian^/' QuBictlBan constde^thi VanbnlBB
^rc to be pne^eminent. He ^y^, ^^Terent^os Vatfo, a mirii
of the greatest learning, eoihposof it in a variety 'bfhuAri! '
Vho besides wrote on sevciW subjects iVitJi profdund'enME^
Hfe was completely master of the Latin language,' hrt4'^__
Vou^hly c6nversant in the antiquities of Oreede and RbAiel'
^Auhis GelHiis denominated Marcus T. Vhxno todFttblfiteNi-
^idins ^^the twp cbluiims of genius/* - . ^

'**' *^ When Vant>*0-nMiM appeared in the list of the pyoscrtlrtKt> ite
was above seventy years of age. Though condemoed iosdtatfa as
Ja friend to law and liiberty, and consequently an enemy id the
lawless usurpatioa of the Trbuavirate^ there sxose adtglifl 9f
emulation awMig. his o)4 Cws^iian fneads^ whicbof thsq^^hoald
b^e the hanourof .^i^^i'^S him. They disputed who shouM hava
*A\^ preference in sttppbrtiiig^him In his disgrace^ Snd CaSenus oh*
tiiined h, who carried him to'his country houSe^ whereAiit^iqr

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IMei^€U^AtmmP9Bw;ts^.ifC. 15»

^ witlMiit suspecting in the lesftt ihtc a proscribed'
Mr8W.«# -siich importABce lodged under the same roof with hSn.
j[jfid«c hi^^PfDfiectioa^ Varro passed in security the hour of danger :
he concealed ^na till a special edict was issued by Lucius Marcus
Planctts^ the consul^ under the triumviral seal« excepting him and
Messala Corvinus from the general slaughter. Blackwell sup-
poses^ r don*t know on what authority, that Antony was acces*
fldry to' the* preservation of his lift, though he had made VfaniMf
master of bid Tiila the year Yyefmre.

- ^iiiflioiy Ma'WDtieed a Hdievlons cnrcumstanne whidi'otiemtei
at this time, and was connected with the name of VamK ' An 'eb*
•cue fsllow. called Varro^ took tbe greatest pma p<N|siblA to
.sdk Us ownfuame and designation at full length under the black
list, just^ if ther9.had been a possibility of mistaking him for ouf
Olustrious , Varro. But though Varro sav.ed .his life^ he. was
unable to save his library, the loss of w^iich must have been se*
verely felt by one who had devoted the greatest part of his time to
letters. It fell into the hands of an illiterate soldiery, and becath'6
the spoil of men who wished to exti^ate etery memorial Aiat .
might convey to'posterity the great etcettence of him who was
the object of their blind fury.*' t

Cic^ro^ on the above occasion^ coniposed a plnlippic^ ia
^wJbicb be contrasts tbe charocteis of Varro and of Antony.
VVe gLveit in translatioD.

^f . How many days, Antony, did ]^ou most sha^ief uUy revel
in that villa? From the third hour it was o.ne continued scene
,of drinking, gambling, and uproar. The very roofs were to be
pitied. O what a change of oaasters! But how can he be
•called its master! and if master, Gods\ how unlike to him he
had dispossessed. M. Varro made his house the abode of the
Muses, ft private iietreat for study — ^not a haunt for midnkht
4ebattchery«' Whilst he was there, what were the subjects ms*
cussed, what the topics debated in that delightful residence?
-«-I will ^swer the question. ' The rights and liberties of the
Bi>man people,, the memorials of our ancestors, the wisdom re*
*8ultk^ fiom reason combined with knowledge/ But whilst
.jon, Antony, were its tenant, (for you cannot be caUed its
master) every room rung with the cry of drunkenness; the
pavements were swimming with wine; the walls wet with riot.
IngemioBs youtts werejoaixed with catamites, and harlots with
chaste mationa*"

Let us turn to the reflections of our ingenious and learned
"Editor, on the characters we have just ^ven in cootnist, not^-
mthstanding he does not make them at this passage.

" When we take into consideratkm the great age of Varro> an4
thei numberless volumes he had written, can any thing give pn«K
Crit. Kbv. You U. August, 1815, iJ

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imn^ 4 Atronger pvo6f of tlie mM spifil whldi gniM tfir
cmlDcito of the Triutnvira^ than their devotiiig to the dagger
otihe. ownmoa staaMin, & man venerahle by hia yenis, ve-*
i^^Ndd^le by his character} whose retii^n^tent liom the world
flind learned labours^ it might hfi^e be^ fuppoaed would bave
l^een his shield ajid great reward ? Lawless tyrants^ wheq oqcq
c^blished in their unjust usurpation of power, find it to h^
their interest tp couft the friendship of aU w V> ai^^ cap^e of
promoting it, and to crush every man of the contrary seotimenfesu
Hence t)ie proscription of Varro, and of evevy one who w«s con*
8ji4ef ed the friend to virtue or liberty."

The bust of Varro graced the public Iibraiy which we noticed
in otir last Review to have been erected by Asinius Pollio 'at
Rome. It was the first public library; and Varro was the oi4y
living autbgr so honoured* As a nero, he achieved a i^avd
crown; bMt as a man of universal emditioQ^ he attained a still
WMe^^QWMa dtstioGtiDn.

-Qor Editor, in pursuing his research, states, that as only the
lUMies tt Varro's numerous writings now survive, it becomes
necessary to collect whatever may have been noticed of eack in
histojry : this he does with great ability, and presents the inter-
esitiqg result to his readqr. We cai^nqt enter in|p this, djet^i^
but we shall allude to observations we had occasion to draw
from the authority of, Varro on the plays of Plau,tm^ Uk the
A|>pepdix* to our last ?ohime. '^ De Plautims Con^n^
Jjjhexy* — ^^ find tha^ Varro selected twenty«one fom th^ ipfu^
of play9 attribute to Plautiis; and those were denominaie4
^' VaiToni^n/' Our Editor confirms oi|r foqner assertion finm
Yarro^ that ^' if the Muses wer^ tp speak Juatin^ tl^ey wc^4 uw
the language of Plautus."'

We rese^rve our general: critique on th^work before us foi*.^
next number, 'Having devoted a separate article to each lifey
we sbali draw up our comfnents at the close of the lif^ ^
Cneiu^ Gallus ; meanwhile^ we conclude the pcesent bIogV9(i(|
in the following words—

i '' Whfen V4rx^ had mached the eighqr-fourth year of his age,
he had. written 400 vohiipes : and in his eightyreifi^ht ye«r W#
still devoted to lite^uture aoid hiji books. * I should paiMe, (saps
?liipy)« iu reporting a remedy aCforded by asps, had I not the aut
thority of Marcus varro for the same, who when he was four-,
score and eight years old, gave the prescription/ Terentius Vairo
is cited by Valerius Maxiums, as an example of human life, qf
rather as one that might with more propriety be denominated t
■p«i ■ ■■ ■ I ■ II , ■ ■■ ■ ■■

• Vifle oiir critique Kx^ ^* TwiatieUtU Cdws <fe Belles Lettres.*^ Appendix.

MM, ISI6y 'p.«^8^ -•• .^. > . -....-.•..: I

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tfl^f:eiofrifQaqH-*iiot9bau<^onioeoiii|t#^^ yiMi^Afii foM
equ<U<to aojBge of tm%s, aa for the viracity ofihtd simple ySotimdtm
same bed/ bu hrealk and the course, of hi* «B8aUQnt sMMlier

^egcpired/* ^ . . > m v: li fca^r

Tirti ■input iiffi I , I 111! ■iiriin- ftii fi m >>'---■ - ^*'^^/^

' • ' '■' " ■ ! ' . ^v"g rf,'-

A&T. Vl^^Sketch of the new Jnatoniy and Physiology i)/ ftie'Sn^

. and Nervous Spt&n of Drs, Gall and $PUKZHfiiH tofoUp^ed^p^

comprehMding a complete System of Zoonotny ; tt>Uh 06^§rc^tio»^^

t^ Tendency to the Lnprooenient of Education, of Punishment, mid

of the Treatment of Insanity. , Repriuted^eom^ *^ P^MJiUfHer^

with Additions, by Thomas 1!*Drster,, KLJS, of Corp-JPti-^^iL

' Cambridge; Author of kesearches about A^mospneric Phenor]

'■'Ohs&bfinons on the Swalldto, Notes to ihA Viosemea of Amtus/

* Hoh^iad Reflections, *t. Xdw ihd WhStaker. tB\%

The PhywMtnomical System of Drs. G/a^h ani SifUjKimi^imi Jjsukdsi
on on Anat^micol and Physiological Exa9an€^um o/f t^^'Nifff^§ss$
System in general, and of the Brain in partk^lflr,,and indtii^ifmgif^f^
DisposUiotis arid Manifestatiom of the Mind, , By J, G. I^pur^bjb^j^.
M.D. ^vb. tp. 571. 1815.

Alftttft^tf H fe cto infentlon ffincipaiy to review thfe xdttiint
0t'Mt. Foi^tcr, Mre iihsAl also occ&iionaiy glarice at the piibil-
datloft of Dr. Sjiurrficim. - ^ :.

WdarfegWeti to hnderstaod tftatUl'; SftitirzMirfj is a <fficipl«
•ikt Vjottfljdtoi* of Df, Gait, who lias fenderttf Whs^jrso cdd-
]M^efd m Cherrndtty as the original iiitHor of CmAbh^j hpi
whether !Dr. Sjhit^hcim eHt figtftrtd a^'a ^liblic fcttura' 'ia
Q^hhmf^ h€ has l^etjr ddne in RatBtlbtie Plade, we ar^ hot
hiformed. j '

Mh Fdrst^, whose trdet is eorilprH^ wHHlii dhe tihnctfcd
Md fifty octavo pages, is a dtsdple bnly of tlies(^ gentlehieA' J and
§eetm to have exercised equal zeal bh the subject of hW diir ,
emission, yet we believe with no greater' ^^asJoh bf tie tk'ijrtll,'
M cert^nly with po less talent. " ' ' '' '''*"' ^ ^

Our author with thdsatfiftviewA isDrs/Spuirzh^lnfi and46alh
^^^pe»9 to ejtpress^ fhalt »th*y are prOWptfed '»v bWWhth^thjiitt*
ftdRveS tfmie to fehdet this s^^tetoi- uttiifersay 4)ebdtiid''irJ^
^regiianiwitti tHeiiidst irapoHaht bon^sequentf^s' to sodjfety/'W^
a^^ures tfij, thai thei^ observtjtfoifs ynll^ b§ accomjpariied wftfi' "i
aeries of useful- discoveries, and recOi^n^nds the; perusal ct
pTi Spurzhean*^ recent work o|[i the Physipjogioal system
in which the reader will find more copious details; at the same
time observing, that he may receive further improvement by at-
ieudance on tihe eoorse of demonstratiYe leet^res.^ as this' is tbe

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»M 6all€mi S/mnlumHif Cmmd^.

csiif meiuM of aoi|«img a praotiod, and
knowledge of the physiiriogy of the farainj
„ TheBe i^tlemea futvaBce, that the 8tnictape('of.1)iel
and nervous system have never iieen taught by preeediiig
tomiats^ ti4io$e remarks ave all oonceived from impeiiretvitfivi^
and the knowledge of a. few seattesed iaetB,*4-4itttduit hf «lb»
kulttstry of laborious dissectioos, they have been enaUed^to
fOkvestigate the true principles of actiofltf both airtoHwtie aaaA
faimaly aad that therefore they have piirsiiM the only tone AO-^
^od of philosophising; becantae, by'tfais^'mean8> they are pi»*
|iared to infer eause and effect from the regular oonjunGtio|ft'«ff
{[henomena : this is. the language of these gentlemra^.

There b no doubt, that the nature of the human mind baa
always been oregaidedas one of the most iaiportant ob^eetatof
fesearch to wbkh philosophy could aspire; the varioas systems
which have respected this seienoei have been found fiitilc^ con^
tmlictory» and cpnid not be sustained. We * shall not oomirii^
pievt Tk, GUI and Dr. Spurzheim by admitting tkatthdr liy*
fo^ticH disquisitions are Hkely to be better received. ]f>
iMkweiWi in propagating a new doctrine the author has hem
porompted to the enquiiy by the pure motive of philoaophteal
4i9Poyery, he deserves encouragement; but ifj on the confnryy
the aufi sa^a fames, shouki prove (he primaffy and deliberate
object of investigation, and theafathorhas studiouriyiatterwiMncii
thf) pqnciples with misrepresentation^, the delusion most aoos
1^ detected s and should that turn out evioilsiially to be' the ftot^
Dr. Spurzheim oug^t not to he then surprisied that hb pupils
^iniinishi or tliatbi3 publications ^re .disregarded. • •

. Fastidiqus people may think the cause ^o^ewhiit equivooaly
fa li^amingthat the Doctor madeajourney from Giarmanytopraw
prpnndhis doctrine. Some may reconcile it tohisf^aBtkrcpy^
olhers: to his love of famoiiof iHrank>$copy» or ot maney* W^

Cpless ou^elves to belie^e^ ior many reasons^ that the kttsi^
mheentheinduoemeat. . • t

/ The subject on which these gentlemen ti^eat is . remavkaUji
MHlf^ to thi( purposes of impositaony and we fear itwffl not be in
tn^ir power to prove the existence, of the different organs joa
>yhich their system rests; for unless they are able to dttnonstrate
that tW orgws do physically cxkt^t does not require furthcs
fnyestigation. But »s the prospectus of (he lectures and othet.
publications have excited, for;Some lime, a species of fashionai
Hbl;^ 4^bj3ion, ii^e ahall proceed to state the ^BBiga4jS tkM
^stCTi before we make fiirthes remarks.

If we.trv^ly understand the prinoifde of these gcntlensen,itiaf
||)at:the o^tQli^tipnSrof tihei. brain d/cmonstrate. thirty^tlMre^

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or faculties/ and these indicatiti^ as many ' dbpcMitlonft > dfttiA^
BJirrtntimn of 4ht mind : and ftuthtery that the outftMe (if'lh^iy
akttlLiepreaenta an equal number of elevations or knobs^ whAm
pfove propovtioDaUy larger or amdler according to thetlegtied
affdeMkipeuMDiof^aehieapeotive organ. * > > t :

• tif ttrii be the ground assumed to support the doctrine^of
Cnuiiokgfi we tai»' the Kbertf of pronouncing it visionary aiA
faUMons ; and, inatead of creditmg what these > gentkffr6li
madndousiy. assert, that the respective organs are visible "ott
^ety flkull and in every brain, we ^hall assert that noAe^iff
the organs are physically dembnstrabli^; and on this potart v^
«»aiiseue.

vltihas bem thought c«fious,'aiid no reason has been *as8igiy«il

tor k, lliat the Enf^ish, who in genel^ are observed topossc^

•tRmg iDieBect, ehould be mdre credulous than vtf oth^Mtioh jf

aakl it n equally true, that the deceptions of the Oei^naiM'^

notorious in the sdenees of medicine, icheiiiistty, s(nd 9k(^fktff

and tbat they have continued with this cast from the ^arfi^

peaioda of typography : and it is a feet well established; thsitf

Germany has prodoeed mort.charlelans^ and impostors thiiti sfll

the^ Mat of Europe. But th«« is in the (character of' that

pfinoe ei impostors, Paracelsus, something so transcendeiftiy

ahwufd, Aat we have no similar example on record, wher^m so

maopf eiteaiva^t arts and dfeeeptioiis wcfe united, shewinij

likewise that the preposterous contrivances which this man

dailty practised, and which we should think would be regardedf

9S highly contemptible in the present age, were received witli

fitvour at the end of the fifteenth century. We find he was

considered the most eminent practitioner in the world, consndted

£ro|n. every- quarter, enriebed equally by sovereigns and sub«4

k€ls, as by. wise men and fools. He possesited the talent tar

inqfMBess «^ belief on all moft, tbat he had discovcved an efteM

vtto, which, whilst it was duly exhibit^,' would confer etdmMl

Ipiigcrvilyy, although it appears that whilst he wai». d^Nberattng

how loi^ he wouM chuse to Uve, he died in the' forty^-cighfth

year of lus age, of a pleurisy^ ' ^

In the U^vaphy of this presumptuous ohsMvcter^ there ai^

many siagular anecdotes related,- the piominent |K>hfts*^of

WiA, bearing a reference to Doctor GalPa* system of Cmu

Biology, WQid4 not perhaps have proved nainteresCing ; but aa a

paiaciple fixture of this Review will be* to condense our lirtielia

as much as possible, we content ourselves with the binta*

akeady throvmottt,'andre8iune4hc cjuestion of^Craniblogy.^

)t 119 diAcuIt to eataoisite the^ofifcrnd which wouMrestdt

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&tt yqlytMiceiof Mb ifstoniii dilber lo ^hefire8«p[^'age or i

m|MlpmieBtlyiUi>Btiate^e4eugn <tf it midtt tigpiAcMl
]ki^[uage of the •ttthitr* i

.. We. hatre. already stated that t\m tngnliott' phthaaphf ia.to

eove that there ^e thiictj^three oi]^atia phyitWaH^ MmOng
tiiin the.braiQy kiiomi by the developemeat of thcb tea-,
poctiive aizea^ toA bwlng cottunensiitqte loMbs <in the riraVf
j?be luoe first are theargana of popenaities^ aad ire will pte*
aeatly defcribe their reaidenoe. With ttspectto tfacwcAefi
|wep(ar-four» mmmre^qigaiia of theseatiineato^.cletsa tif iha
hoonriag iaeulljes^ and foni^ of the ittflediiif filmltiMi Iv miA
be aui&cient to state the organs of propensitiesi waAtreStt^tm
yaade^a Ao-the paaphkt itedf .fcyjr the femlMBdaiN^bot befalne tr^
fmUnt upo&.^hiA part of our duty^ ym nuat obaehre tfaatAeie ii
cppe argm in the list not entunmled^ whiish woqU Jtoake aha
amount thijly^foun The author's fastidious delicacy^ leat he
aklfMild>ofiieai,aDy' poahion be m^ht Bot beaUe.topova salifh
^^^^9 baa .Qjot penm^ttd him to fiumber the orgau <tf Myalftr
pgmiffiiftt. K^y<^heleaa, ive meet with the foDowiDf elo^Mnl
deaaiiptifui <^ t)|ia newly rdiseovo^

f^ ORGAN OF MYSTBBIZINGNES9..

, , ff When the p^rt of the braiii. between id^ty and aiyiati|f^^wM
is much deyeloped, persons are much disponed to ))e superstitipua^
fo ^ave visions, to oelieye in ghosts^ astrology, &C.' lln^S^n-
heim does not 4etermine whether this is d pdrficplar organ," or
only a gteater devdopttnent of ideality, or hbp^i, (ir both.

-*'This leads to a common query, — What makes a tfistihcftorgiin f
The devdopement of this part giy es these faculties abov^' a«a|ied,
fMd inclitles to myaticiam. The prgan baa tM&e^^hejk^tere^i li^'
thecminfm owj, atid ihe dbctrmetf $orcety and ntfhNMuml pt^gHea^^
titfatloaa. 1 thinly even in ideality, the laiietiana vary aeconfiag
aa fim foremore or bipdermore part of. that oagan-ia devalcipeii^.
ujheii.^he tore part of it ia inoat devek>pad« ^ iiil^l^actual fimct.
tIo^9 } when the hindermoatpaft, ^fentlfnepts have, l.ibink, msuff ,
mutual influence with it I submit the propriety of the nama
m^steri^ingne^^ ))ecause it makes peo|ple,mystepse sindinteipret
omens/' . . .., . ^ . .

By thia time we imagine that tb^ mya<eih»r baa iMfiaiAdiSistf
ly di^doped, from the etegtenf ^cimen or talent add langttage
which our author has so mysteriously displayed in dnddatiag m
fubjeet, and which cannot fail to make a suitable ImptessioD,
Greiitle reader^ be not angry ! for thopgh ii aboald Hot entlielv
gratify your expectationa^ let us intreat yoii not to reject tina
eipatrialed haai^ff^ in 2^tii^^ its fouolepa^oa ahoaU apt

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aft fint intrtNtTeiif Itelingli^ thftnytlMd Ateta in trfildf it ii
ciereloped^ w* are jcettriamei, will not be mtSePeA to pass Ufi^ '
BOtkca. Voudbsafe) tken^ to receke titti rickett;^ chiM^ w4rich
has been ushered hy its sz^actous parents from a northern
dime, to chiim your kind assistance and humane protection in
a more congenial atmosphere! and^ with your le&ve, this belp^ ,
less infimf will tarry until it has Acquired improved health ^4
vigour; attdJbf the {A^ should succeed, {preat benefits are expected
to be derived to its parents; but from what souree^i is not yef
WMfeJoKNVnu W^ qonfess, howaver> thai «iir proguostte {^Ipre-*
aanlif imy miMMvable, haiving a deetded opinkMi, that thif
ofgaaa in Aa braia of Ubia imbeeiUd Htive been vioientiy trans^ '
poted ftoai' the pcmd of its. biith, whieh is.now understood tmI
tahttvebeen cMmgJakogether to a Mse conception, but Ho some
inpropernieasureairhichha^ been rashly acfopted by the pd*^
rents or thdr colleagues, to whom the chai^ge of It has beea
committed* . . - .

It has been a matter of much surprise, that the birth of sticAl^
a feeble Gennan bantling should have caused so mueh iotei^st ^
/'iuthe fashionable world sinee its delivery. It really seems' td;
bi^ve engaged the braias of same peapk with the iame^yeeMK
tions as the delusion of Joanna Soutbcott*

It is not our business foither to animadvert, thaato observe
that the parents wiH have reason to regret their mtsfbrtune if.
the present measures shoi^ild prove unsuccessful: but having;,
treated their offspring with warm affection, and being desirous
ot making all the apiends they can for what has happened, they
have deputed this darling child tp tbe^^m^ag cfure of a repu-
table nurse, who formerly resided at Cambridge, As we do not:
find many of the respective organs iu any dictionary, we shall now :.
proceed tp vocabularize tiiem, and point oqi their pretended
residenca in the brain ; but without the slightest hc^ that they
anil he found by the enquirer afty where but ia the imaginat^tt
of their inventors. We A^l state, fitst of all, the nine organs of
the' propensities in the terms of Mr. Foster's elegant abridgment*

*' 1. The oi^n of omaltveness is the ptPOpensHy d^tined to'
invite the sexes to propagate and multiply their species, <kd t$
Jigmimth$. cerebeUum* * f

**9 Theomnof phUo-progenitivenessmokesus love and taJ^a;
care of our oi&pringi and is situated ju«^ above that of physical kwe^, .
»fuch oauiesus U^ produce the offspring, fVomen have this organ re-
markabiy developed, and shewn by the horizontal length of the head in'^-f,
stood ofthi breadih or vertical depth. -

''S. The organ of infaabitiveness is situated ahou^iheJhrmer,'ttnd'
Mom ih0 otfa»of Aau^lwsMu Which gives th^ propensity tb Iitiat4i '

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HiemsdvM to perticaliur Ideal titMtioM.'* W^nre UM t» i
the head of the Chamois^ which livei on fhtmimiMbuis tmd Hke
aiottatain hare. Dr. Sparsh«im toUg vm aome lemiiriaiUe itoiiet
to thia effect, for which we have hia own authentic teatimonj, lie
aays he ' haa observed the difierence of rata who lire m ceUarg oMt
the upper storie$**

''4. Organ of adheaiveneatf , ^uaUdon eocft nde of that ^ toAa-
it<tt)efieM,^ ^t)^yu?2ii€tt io ihit lateral potterior part of me head,
introducing the propensity to attach ourselves to peiaons and ani-
iDaals/ and Dr. Spurzfaeim thinks ottier objects.

^'B, Ot*gnn of cbmbativeines8>--^hich Ik the pfro^afQ^'to
S^ht. These gentlemen say all persons hare a disposlftkin' to
lights as well as all aniroala^ and tiie eztemibl sign ii apromiumeeef
ifie occ^piir ociitiio cue earw on e&cn wne pnuo jmyoycimiwifiij ancr acNv
edheaoenen. They say we must not mistake the maatoid prbceaa fbr
the organ, which ia tiie seat of anger and pugnacity. The abuses
of this dtgan contribute essentially to the constant state of waifsre^
which ftt)m hence tmmemorial has drenched the earth with blood.

f 6. The organ of destructiveness^ which has been termed the
^r^an of munlef. The primitive function of this organ is to give a
prtipe^ity b destroy in^neral, while circumstances determine the
ofbrjeetrtb be deirtroyed ^ its seat Ujttst above the ears, and itgitesttpro^
minence in the middle part of the tenvpatal bone in the hwnan snhjeet,
9iitnvore behind the ear m aninUUs:

-' -*' Ih the camivora it is more developed than in the heifiivura.
In the fUine kind wliich spring on their prey fWnn out of ambnah,
there it; a great developement of this organ, togethek* with that of
secretivencss, which is another essential part of their charaeter.
. "7. The organ of constmctiveness is the paopensityto build, to
construct maclunes, and which is aprinutive facuUyj(nK(tf ^lorM
on theoiUside by a Jullne$$ behind the external ^mgis <f this orbU, a
little towards the templesu By o^ans of this organ, ^urzheim .says
the geniuses in architecture and construction are revealed^ as ana
useful arts fbr cultivation. We are told to review ' the majestic
architecture of Greece and Ilome^ the religious gloom of the Go-
thic cathedral, the ma^sy pyram^s of Bgypt, the simple hut of the
Wild Indian, the goMe-enM hwses of Amsterdam, thes^me mmm-'
ikenH of Bfiians, the mosqtm oiT Constantinople, and the whhnaled
configurations of the pagodas of China, To thsi otgnu; aubject tb
)nuaai«nMi8|autual influenoes, weaie indebted #oralf the ilseftd in-
struments of music, of agricoHure, and of astronomy $ aeienett^
wbfvoby wegmtifyand extend the fujactiona /of other osgan^
compose concerts of musical iostrumenta, till the ^r^rtb, and peso-
trate into remote .spa^ with.teleacopes, and contemplate tlAe poai*
^iQU.^nd movements of the celestial bodies. Important^ indeed#
then. to sqciety is this organ, whose activity we may trace thi^i|gh
all the costumes of the. world, and through every building fitHp 1%
hut of a savage to the temple of Solomon, from the monument
by London bridge to the beautiM painted porcdaiii tower it

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j^ml^,%<1}i(^ beaver builds. iU hut^ aad birds their nests, becaw^e
q£ iVi»iOtgaxki luid U is the cause of all constructing whatever. ;

'•'•'i^- Qi^n,^.CovetiV;ene88 is the propensity to appropriate, to
have^ offmtis.nujn^ aad u iUuatedmfire hMward than the last, \t\s
necessary to tbe, agg^raodiseoient and protection of property^ but
its abuses are robbery, envy, and a miserly disposition.

** III ^psQ p.^»on8 the psppensi^to steal is almost uooonlroul- '
able; te^ ^mf>wd with anicU^eims, jealousy is the result , .; -

.J/.!' 'i^His';9{'£^ ^ ^Q'caus^ why wease obliged to pa§ vHstclim^
to be walking out all j^ight^ ^o prevent the incursion of oiu neig^
490iW*r^Minal^}w£i(^ coilfictagrain, &G*have this organs mor^

r 4^,yDQe^B^^ii certainly .to have a positive/ecii^of j»roperto:;*
P^jpr^tec^J^^mmtefs house mf th^ir^ym bone wUh courage ^id
djifKmmatimt*, . . , ^ ^ » . , . ^ . ^

" 9th. prga^ pf Secretiv^ness. ; k i^ the propeasity to con*-
cealmeot> and seams necessary to the nafure ef man-^nd many auim^Us,
Many odious charanters ara produced f ix>m its abuses, when to«a
naturally great deyelopement of the organ, the mutual influenoft of
cauiitefaetiogjse;i<iinents of a eup^ior ordq* is wi^iting. . The
4k^|as^fȣ,fhiiM>rgaftarelyin^, slyt^P^'i.<^^ d^pUcily Qf f^s^^c;^^.
iis external sign is ajulhiess (^\thqf paa^,qf Hieiparinttd bone a6qv«.^r
strufitk>eMss^cmdiM.ndcov^&^ <. — m ,...,•

" I observed among a great mniber.,^ (if. tJie North li'elsh v^xyjittk
deiffilppe^nt of tbis-orgau, or of^covetivef^ess, whilst their sitperi^ sen^
tijfimits,w^& m^ch, developed. Compare in anim^vls, foxes^ and all
tiiosQ TyhO/Conceal much ^y na^uyp, with those who do not, in re-
spect toijt^jQXgan." .'

• Sudb -lire- 'the<' principles on tvhich Dr* SpuTzfaeim and his
ksoadjut^fer^critt %b <?stafblbh their doctrine, and the' only re-
tnark wc sh^ria*k^e'«f 'prcsetit i)s/that If we have not grossly
liisiindertlGfld the aodtrme,* fllfc Inralris 6f thesfe projectors are
il^nlfestty^tferkiT^6d';-^fb tt'hioriyincc/titestjble proof of > dis-
pmer^d mind fes never beei?. indicated in any publication since
Jj^.fiftpepth century. ..,.;, f'»a'q t • •
.\Vi^e^<^.u.at displeased with Jftn Spnr^beim, jbulw.e think be
j|;njgl)t.We axpress/ed hin^iself mih more caurtqsy^ ihaa to say
jjthat the i inhabitants of North Wales are ^he oviy honest people
its f^ Uaitcd'Ku^om; and we shall n6t be. surprised^ that
.fikniddaanother' edition of the work appear, there will besome
proof adduced that the aborigities of thk part of Wsttes werd of
€J»inia»' extraction.' .•.,.. ,

^" W^i^ihaH ^ti ftiture take the liint in r^sf ^ct to the parietal
boftes^rfbiir assocbtes. With resp^dt to wiiai is ^id of the
tthW^seTrtiindnt^ft^^^^ facultiesi wfe ipuslr tfe^ t6 refer the curious
!?c^^^io' the worl^ itself, as wc feci n^ interest in pursuing fur--
^'er lis jabsur^tijes' apd solecisms, ^j > -

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I6i Call and SfntzheinCs Cramohgy.

It is our duty to oflPer a few words in refutation ojf Dr. Spurz-
heim s reproaches on the characters of former great men. In
p^e 25j it is said'—

'' Before the time of QM, the miaute anatomy of the brain w)» .
quHe vnkoown ^ anatomiata set about the investigatioft of it in a
manner which woald never have led to anynaeful results.

'' They made hcfriaontal slices of this organ with the scalpel,
and only multihited its parts without displaying its atructure.
They talked of the medullary or central piass of the cortical cpver<*
ing^ and used other terms equally erroneous. ' But/ . says Mr«
Forster, * Gall and Spurzheim^ by a method of dissection entirely
new, have at length unfolded the parts of the brain, and shewn
that its structure is fibrous, and that the manner of dissecting it
caused former anatomists to mistake the middle parts for medul-
Tary substance. Indeed, they have compared its snbstanoe fa
boiled nee, to paste, and to other inorganic masses.**

- Where is your candour and liberality, gentlemen? Do ye
assert, that WHIis, Monro, or Hunter, did not know liow tb
dissect the bndn? that BLaych could not inject, that Albinua
never held a scalpel? that the beautiM plates of Vic'Asyt', or
Bell, of their various sections of that organ, have no excellence
in the design, no merit in the execution ? Was the anatomy df
the brain qiii^c unknown to these great men ? Were all the dis^
coveries in the anatomy of the Encephalon reserved for the only
eminent anatomists^ of the age, .Drs. Gall and Spurzheim ? Aite
iliey the only capital anatomists who have discovered a fibrotCs
texture in some parts of the cerebrum and cerebellum? Is tUe
following remark of the old Monro no confutation ot such a
falsehood? ^^ In several pfoces we can observe (s^ys he) the
medulU to be composed of fibres laid on each other*s sides.*'
And agiun, page 6, on the nerves, '^The medullary substance
is all employed in forming the wftile fibrous eords^ which have-
now the name of nerves applied to them^ Within the skull we
see the nerves to be the medullary substance continued^ and the
mediiUa spiimUs is all employed in forvmg nerves.'* It is a

Eofitless oonsuraption of dar time to defend characters who
Lve so much claim to the veneration of posterity. Were we
not confined in this artieie, we should be authorized in proving^
that all which this tri^e alliance has advanced on the subjeet is
wilful error.

We ought not to eonclude without observing, that a Aagram
i& annexed to f he Vdlulne before us, representing the dfffisilent or-
gans of the cranhnfn^ which amount to thirty-three; all ofwhifcli.
are supposed 16 dieyelope and nianlTest the various dispiofittiona of

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phMandSpurzhem's Gr<mwlogjf^_ Hi

the miiuL It iiM^ be ieinarked> tbajt the mterior.^nuface of the
skuU ioe^ aqt demoostrdtc cavitie3for the supposed .protrusions
of the brain : and it ought pot to be forgotten^ that the, cramuni
itself is formed of eight bones^ six of which are connected by
differentkinds of sutures: oneaeh hope there is aD.original'4cen<^
tral point of ossificationi, from which bony fibres frnkJUtite» an4
make a very beautiful preparation in the foetal subject. This bon^
bekig part of a globular ngure^ there must be more convesi^
than at the edges of the bone, — the degree of itis,accidentd^
jaiid cannot afford any manifestation of the mini^. Therefore
some prominences whici) are occasioned by various pressuce^ iif
ibe period of Infancy \ there are many other kinds fit elevatijpii^
on the peno8tiuxn> or the. bone itself^ some par^of u^iicjK./^^
^ahraus^ originating from the attacbmisnt pf tendinous /^
IXiuscuJar, fibcss. There are many nsorhid causes, of every
excresence arising from inflammaticms of the jxiembrane of the
.skull; some of them are permanent, especially those which
.]iave their siQ^ce in. venere^virQ3.. But we are not inelined to
.attribute to sueh knobs the demonstFatiaOiOf ;any partiauUur proi-

^though the princdples of Lavator are rarely to be dejpended
oipon^ h^ wrote in the language of a philosopher> and was ofteti -
entertaini,ng; but in the science of craniolo^ we find little lOr
Jeed t9 gptUy the fancy. .

. }jtlssaid th^Keare other prominences of distinetions that of
tbe nos^ for instan^ei as a Roman poet informs ua, t^ir^^nasD
nas^T'i. In<leed wa remember that this feature is enviably
pourtrayed in Pr* $pur;^h^m!s«)^ountenance, and in jnaking our
jobsei|[yatk>ns moce doselj^ta, di^i^over the propensities of his
.pfanium,i,yre p€;ri2eived.a con^ideraUfe protuberance of the occi-
pital hQnpi andcontempla^ii^gJ%'« Gsiir^li opiniona of devekiped
i«gwas we feltfuUyconvincedfitbat'it ^aijafaetorilyaDOOUOtad
iior so o^any fashionable fei44e» att^pding Dr. Sp^»viieiin's
lecture^ in Ratbbone Plaqe;on §o.o|i»ispure wd . m#taphysieal «
suhfect. ^ ^. , ■. . ,

No question in physiology, has reoejived 4itQp^ al;tetition
from eminent authors than,tbat of the nervous. h^fluenoQ^ hipit
thcautyect stiU remains in its^onginal ob^euri^y^ Some ha^te
tho|xgh^> .that its effects airq^ /noQQ aa^etheriai flui^ or gas^
^whjivh cir^ oerveikr .whilst ethers have con-

jceived it was produced by vibration, in the manner tbttt musical
chords /carafe their ^ffrcU. fkf finst; is not aprobaUe cause;
iora WPVj^.e^eri^ac^.peither increase i^ardinmnotion above «r
hcdow t^^ Ugature iipplied ti9: t U .: and with respeet to the latter,
.itis^a ^uiB^qeo(,rf;p]y to sqy,.that th^ extreraye parU of the

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164 Gall and Spurzheim^s CrtfnioTogjf.

stfnsative nerves erow softer as they approach thdf tiltilttatedcs*
tiiiatidn ; for the auditory nerve in the cochlea vestible, or seini-
drciilar canals, (which is the seat of that exquisite virgan,) ha*
the consistence of soft mucilage; and, although a deaf maaD caai
hear very well, provided he holds one end of li cane beiwecsn h»
ifront teeth whilst the orator speaks with tKe othef end between
Ills own, this appears only effectual when the vibration is thms-i*
fifrred by the sockets to the maxillary bone,* which is attttched
to the bone of the skuH, wherein the organ of hearing resides*
Various 'objections are likewise to be advanced against the
effect of nen'ous influence from electricity, magnetism, or'g^i-^
vanism: but Galvini certainly proved, that there is tt atooi^
sinulitude in the effect of this latter property and nervous m-
ftience, in producing motion on the muscular fibtis; but the
truth lis, that we remain as dark Upon the question of tiert^ws
influence as of ihusculartnotion. '

If ever the princijples of this neW system shall bereriBcd, itb
extremely doubtful whether the education of children wiH be
practicsdly ameliorated by ft, and it is quite improbable thai
either judges or juries can apply it usefully in modifying the pOr
nishment of criminals. It is manifest, also, that nothirig could
be more improper than to attemt)t'tb regulate the mancigeiiient
of lunatics under tbe guidance of such flimsy undunccftaiii prin-
ciples: for although the p!resentpath6logical method of tredt>i
Ing that unhappy class of persons is ambiguous, that ambi^
guity would be increased, by considerations dictated oil itiffef-
ences from the craniological system. We consider tbdCandbiigM
•the best incitements to leai^ing in young persons, fetttulatioUj
k competition for honours and rewards, and terror of persotul
castigation, ought to be highly estimated. Such meatw, tve
believe, under a vigilant pedagogue, are more likely ft^developc
the intellectual organs of youth and render them perfect sdio^
iars, than any discipline likely to be derived fh)m "SO pfepoe»-
terous a system as Gait and Spurzheim have wi^ed to establish.

There is one consequence which such a doctrine S« likely tb
produce, which is of a more alarming natiure than auy we hhxt
yet mentioned, and that is, an adhesion to fatalism. We are
not disposed to discuss metaphysical subjects, but we may ven-
ture to state, that it is the part of true philosopHy to avoid
equally the extremes of dogmatic arrogance, whick professes,
like the ignorant opponents of Socrates, to know every thing,
and of that perplexing scepticism, which wouM deprive the
human understanding of capacity and intelHgfence; We are
finite beings, and many facts must therefore be pTaded beyond
the reach of our researches : they arc neither stntefl to our fo-*

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Gd& and SfUTzkmnC$ Cramotosf. 16S

ciillies>'nor our present state; a^d where there !s no toubdatioa
for reasen, error must follow, the indulgence of visionary spe^
culation. If thare be much concealed, there is much with^
our limited faculties^ which ^ill prove an immense, fund of
practioal, knowledge. There is scarcely any human science
wluchisnot sufficient to employ any man's protracted exl^t-*
eoce to know it well. It will, therefore, be most consistent
with 910: happiness^ to modestly make ourselves acquainted witk
these facts, before we launch into the unfathomable abyss of
tn^Mpkyucs. ^ Indeed^ we;know not. any thing more disgu^fciBg.
tfaft^to^hea^ a bnuUfsious disputant, who is. unacquainjkef} wi^
tbe< plainest aod most useful branches of knowledge,. presumbg
to.-arrMgn the appmitments pf Omniscience, spc) to rejudge^ ^
il w^e, hisjpstice; annihilating tli^ intellecti^al, at the sajooi^
tiiae confounding and disturbing the moral,, world. We do not
mean to say, that curiosity and the innocent gratification of a
thirst fotknowledge should be checked: far otherwise; alltiiatwe
contend forU-^that knowledge should be sOugbt'foronly wherd
it 18 to b^ fottdd — and,, that, if we reason^ we must do se^n pro-
per objects. If fact, observatipn, or experiment, have employed
our curiosity, it will probably tead tp a/avourable conclusion.
- The book of nature is opaa to us, the material world i$ disn
played for our inspection^ as well as improvement; but the in«-
tellectnal world is concealed bv an impenetrable veil. What God
haa chosen to rf^veai of himself may be generally comprehended i
what he 'ha^ thought proper to reserve, no mortal efforts
will be. able to develope. It is said by some author, <^that
the simplest and most unlearned person who studies the scrip-
tures, with a pure heart and ai^ undepraved mind, is practically
wise; whilst the brightest understanding, tlie most exalted gen ius^
who attempts to go beyopd them, becomes inevitably a fool/*

It is not for man to be blest; but whil^ one scintilla of the
etherial fire remains to animate the grosser clay of mortals, let
every consolation soothe bis existence 5 for^ as is well expressed
byth^poc;t,

. f' Whatever cheerM and serene

Supports the mind, supports the body too,

' I}enee> the most vita) movement mortnl feels
1$ hfype; the bahn andlife-b}ood of the soul.
It pleases and it lasts. Indulgent heaven
Sent down the kind delusion, through the paths
Of rugged life to lead us patient on :
And mak^ our happiest state no tedious thing.
' Qur greatest good, and what we least can spare,
J$ Aope-<*the last of all our evils^ fear.*'

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We wnr Uke our^ fioal leave of the genflemen who^ hare
formed the triple alliancei to favour a system so totally ridicu-
lous id all its features; many of the arrameuta mtenduig to
iUu&tiate it being perfectly inadmissible, laughable, and irrde-
vant to the subject: and we beg of them to remember, that be •
f<ire sensible men will join them in their opinion of the organ
of haughtiness, they must ^ve a better example, than that of a
goftt iNcefcrriag the moimtainfl, or a rat an upper floor foe its
abode. t.

gin'ii li i fill , III im I ij I III I Ml, I I'l mm' aaaaeapeepg

^T. Vn. — Hebrew Melodies. By Lord Btrqn, ^p. 5S. Murray.

1815. ' •

jThb pame of Byron is associated in pur minds wiih some o[
the deepest an^ most enchanting of our poetical impressions.
His '^Childe Harold '^ gave him an elevation superbr to that
of any of our modem poets ; for.at the period of its publication
f^ Ajrmageddon'' bad not made its appeaianpe* With no story
Hforth the name, the ^^derings of that intellectual and sated
yplupMiaiy elicited more earnest and lasting emotion than all the
poema ^ut bordgr^cbiefs,^ and witches, and wonder?, widi
which of late years we Have been so unmercifully deluged,
Thc^. writers who trust for meritorious and solid renown to the
delineation pf savage life, or of manners approaching to those of
aavageSf and build their expectations of fame on extravagantly-:
oolpiired picturfA of pure outrage and simple atroci^, uncon-
ne^tadwith the.display of purifying principle and unsophiatir
catied senitiment, wiU assur^y be disappointed. AH that ibe^
appeal to is the love of the exaggerated and wonderful, and
while their temporary success will generally be in proportion to
their outstei>piiig6 of probability, yet, as Uie appetite to which
they administer increases by gradiication, they are ever in ^
danger of beine supplanted by some new and more daring can^
didate for popmar aomiration. Lord Byron may be considered
as the first of our modem poets who has infused into a compos
aitlon, consisting principally of description and reflection, a
power of interest and attraction which, to speak within limits,
IS, at least, as strong on the first perasal as the excitement pro**
duced by works of mere J>ustle, and which is fdt in its maxi-j
piium only after repeated readings. The spirit of deep ana
mournful thought which pervades nearly the whole poein, is a
powerful and peculiar instanpe of the union in a youi^gmind of
philosophy with poetry; of the analvzmgandappieciating facul-
ties with the attributes and splendours of inuigination. Yet
t))ir admiring ponviction of thia extraurdinaiy comhfavMioii is ac^

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B^nm'/i!e^ecbM«)Biif. 167

compioued by a feeKti^ of reat and deepjregreft; we fee) that
such early advances in moral knowledge, and such accurate
estimation of the Irsulties (tf huttian nature, must have been the
sad purchase bf early miiifoitune, and that he who, in the sprini^'
of existence is capable, of painting with such truth and strengm
the dark and direful aspect of its winter, must hav^ been early
overtaken by the steps of calamity, and walked by the side of
Sorrow till his mind reflected the hue which Afliiction impress-
ed mpon his heart.

Ttie style of Lord Byron's Tsles is that of Childe Hmoldj
moulded to the illustration of individual character as pro*
ducecl and' developed by extraordinary circiunstances. With
regard to the chief personages of those potent narratives, we
venture to pronounce that of ** The Giaour** to be the most in-
telligible, hi^ly-wrought, and intellectual. I'he connection
of incident is perfectly clear to any reader who will give himself
the trouble to trace it. The character of the Giaour himself is
kept up in full glow, from his introduction to the conclusion of
the poem ; and bis confession to the Greek monk is replete with
evidence of very exalted mental powers. Selim, in the Bride,
&c. is a person of softer feelings and more contemplative dis-
position, and the superior amiableness of his temperament
seems less' compatible with well-planned and vigorously-exe-
cuted enterprise. Conrad, in the Corsair, is a second, but ra-
ther obscure, edition of the Giaour, of whose adventures we
m^ht^ indedl, suppose those of Conrad to be the continuation,
dia not two circumstances prohibit us from even forming a no-
tion so derogatory to the JldeUtcu amoris of that ardent per-
sonage. • ' '

f' Xo <lie-^>«nd. know no ie<p«s<< love,'*

is the notlo of the Giaour: and to this fervent and honourable
pciiiciple, the devoted jtttachment of Conrad to Medora is io
perfect oppositbu: and, beside^ we are told of the Giaour that

, " He pa88*d — nor of his name and race^
Hath left a token or a trace.'*

Of Lara we think that the character is unnecessarily repulsive,
and flaught with fewer redeeming qualities than those of his
predecessors. The tale in which he figures has been imagined
ny some to be a supplement to the Corsair, and this idea the
author himselfj perhaps, gave rise to, by the terms in which he
couched the advertisement prefixed to the poem, wherein he
iippears-^ insinuate hi^ consent* to such an ojiinion. If this hk

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so, we must take tlie liberty of afsimng hv Lordfhm that be
fcas lent hU sanciioD to bd idea that will not admit confirmation.
Whatever be the shades of difTerence in the character of hb
beroes,^eZ(7y to thejSr^^ object of their affections is invariably
Qui? and a vei^ prooiinent feature; and since the. sapppation
that each of his three last narratives are continuations of thfe
Giaour, would give to each of their chief personages the Mus-
sulman number of four mistresses or consorts^ and as such a
consequence would be fatal to the singleness and purity of their
vows, it is impossible to admit o( their identity with each other
and the Giaour, without degrading each from that rank in oar
esteem obtained by their inviolable adherence to their erot^
engagements.

' it was with considerable satisfaction that we learned somb
tunc since that his Lordship was occupied in the composition
of a series of short poems^ the subjects of which were taken
from the Holy Scriptures. 'The Bible. not only contains some
of the sweetest and most sublime poetry extant in any language,
but abounds in occasions and events the best adapted ror the
ornaments of poetic thought and diction. In the ^^Childe
Harold," and some of his Lordship's succeeding po^fns, there
is a frequent indulgence of ideas to which we thinK it incum-
bent upon us to confess the strongest objection. We do not
intend to dilate upon this topic. What we intend td advance
is of a general nature, and will be comprised in a few arords.
To doubt the eternal existence of our spiritual beings is to
commit an offence against our Maker, and to scatter the seeds
of desolation among his creatures. We are fully awdre, that to
the limited comprehension of Man, the afiairs of the earth may
often appear to be conducted upon a plan contrary to the in-
terests of its inhabitants ; yet never let us lose sight of tliis great
and consoling truth, viz. that since nothing can occur without
the permission of Providence, all that He suffers to be dona
must conduce to the fulfilment of some all-juat, ailrwise de-
s^, inacrtttable by us, and in furtherance of which nen^aaii

angels are but the agents of Omnipotent Benevolence.

The exercise of the noble author's talents in the work of s»-
cred poetry, while it has, in our opinion, increased his reputa-
tion^ must Ukewlsc have materially contributed to the rectifi-
cation of certain speculative notions, which we cannot suppose
more friendly to the soothing of an irritated sj^irit, than bene*
ficial to the world at large. There is the same vigorous thought,
the same condensed diction in the Melodies as in his former
works; but those delightful and divine persuasions to which he
at length appears to have yielded a voluntary and tranquilizing

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Moimaioti| ta? diflbsed a soft ^ftd'lioTy \ight oTcr tlie composi-

tipivs Defpre us, the absence of which ir\ his previpus proiduc*

.tions v^ felfancl lamented— ^Mch we still feel and lament. '.

It IS necessary to remark, that, though these poems are deno-

'^n^ted ]^ebreu\ Melodies, the poble author has not strictly

coo$ne^ himself to the amplification of Scriptural texts. Se-

vepd of them bear, indeed,' no relation tliat we can discover to

'thie Sacred Writings. Tliis, perhaps, is not altogether correct;

jet non^ of .the pieces alluded to contain sentiments tliat the

most pious jjoim can feel hurt' in perusing. W^ must candidly

declare, that if we critically object to, we morally approve of,

their insertion, and receive' them as clear proofs, uncom-

pelled by their subjects, of that I^^IW ^^^^^S^ <>f opinion, the

Jirsi benefit of which must have accrued ta his lordship. We

shall now proceed to the pleasing task of presenting the reader

with specimens of the efi^gf nee and beauty with M(hicb these

little poems abound. The lamentation over the miseries and

dfspeirsioi) of the Jews la assuredly conceived with strength and

*' Oh! weep for those that wept by BabeFs stream,
Whose'shilnes ore de8i)late> whose lund a dream ) •
WMj^'for the iftrp of Judai«*s broken shell ;
. HoiUFn-— where their Qpd hath dwelt, the Godless dwell]

And when shall Israel lave her bleeding ^t>
And' when shall Zion*s tongs a^ain seem sweet >
AM JHdah's melody agvia' rejoice
The lieorts that leap'd before its heavenly voice >

Tribes of the wandering foot, and weary breast.
How shall ye flee away and be at rest !
The wild-dove hath her nedt, the fox his cave,
Manlciml their country — Israel but the grave !'-

The following, vpon the same subject, strode tts, the two
fiist stanzas more jMiticulariy, as a very spirited and graceful
instance of that happiness of eonoeption whieh identifies the
object of its ilhistration by some characteristic tndt or quality.

^ '' The wild gazelle on Judah*s hills

Exulting yet may bound.
And drink from all the living rills

That gush on holy ground ^
Its airy step and glorious eye . . « ,

May glance in tameless transport by :*-^

^ step as fleet, an eye more bright.

Hath Judah witnessed there j

Crit. Rbv. Vol. II. August, 1815. Y

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1 70 Byron's Hebrew Melodies.

And o'er her scenes of lost delight

Inhabitants more fair. . .i

The cedars wave on Lebanon,
But Judah*s statelier maids are gone.

More blest each palm that shades those plains

Than IsraeVs scattered race 5
t*or, taking root, it there remains

In solitary grace;
It cannot quit its place of birth.
It will not live in other earth.

But we must wander witheringly.

In other lands to die :
And where our fathers' ashes be.

Our own may never lie :
Our temple hath not left a stone.
And Mockery sits on Salem*s throne."

Out next ojttract is one of the poems which we mentioned as
having no al^olute and essential reference to any Scriptnn]
event. It is a commemorative song in praise of a departed
HERO, and may be supposed to be chaunted by the son or Jesse
over tlie body of his friend Jonathan. Many of the lines ap-
pear to us to have a living application.

" Thy days are done, thy fame begun; ' " '

Thy country*s strains record
The triumphs of her chosen iSon,

The slaughters of his sword !
T/ie deeds he did, the fields he won.

The Freedom he restored!

Though thou art falPn, while we are fret

Thou shalt not taste of death.
The generous blood that flowed from tkea

Disdained to sink beneath :
Within our veins its currents be,

TTiy spirit on our breath!

Thy name, our charging hosts iiUmg,

iihaU ke the battle-wordi
Thy fall, the theme of choral song

From virgin voices poured !
To WEEP would do thy olort wrong i

Thou shalt not be deplorsp.**

We can only make room for one more extract. It is the sup-
posed answer of an oppressed Hebrew to one who lias insulted

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Gambte^s Howard. ' ' 171

the unfortunate wanderer with the sarcastic mention of his
misery.

'' Were my bosom as false as tliou deem'd it to be,

1 need not have wandered from far Galilee/

It W.8 but abjuring ray croed to efface

The curse which thou say'st'is the crime of my race.

If the bad never triumph, then God is with thee !
If the slave only sin, thou art spotless and free;
If the exile on earth is an outcast on high,
Live on in thy faith, but in mine I will die.

I have lost for that faith more than thou canst bestow.
As the God who permits thee to prosper doth know ^
In his hand is my heart and my hop>-rand 'mt thine
The land and the life whkh for him I resign/*

Appended to the Melodies are the well-known and beautiful
versea on. the death of Sir P. Parker. In the patriotic, celebra*
tipa of the fate of so gallant a man, what Englishman would
refuse to join? Such lines, are sacred from criticism : yet we
must ivot refrain from remarking to Lord Byron^ that when he
awards ^' the purest Mg\\ of sorjow to tlic brave," be robs Vir-
tue of her noblest guerdon. M.

Aht. VIII. — Howard. By John Gamble, Esq, Author of Irish
Sketches, Sarsfield, *c. 2 vols. Pp. 226, 208. Baldwin & Co.
1815.

JM[r. Gamble has already fallen under our notice in the cha-
racter of a tourist;^ we have now to view him in the humbler
capacity of a sentimental novelist.

The story of Howard is a scene of domestic woe, arising from
a nngle error — a story, perhaps, too true— rtoo often repeated
in real life, with little variation in the circumstances.

Howard, a young Irishma^i, whose parents moved in the middle
rank of life^ and had given him a respectable education, jour-
nies, in hopes of mending his fortune, to iiamed London. On
his way he becomes enamoured of Julia Mounford, the daugh-
ter of a citizen of London, then returning from a visit to some
relations at Liverpool. Tlie lady alights at Lichfield, the resi-
dence of her uncle^ greatly to thd dissatisfaction of her admirer,
who had not discovered her fatlier's residence in London ; and
— ' n"-»-^ — rr-T — '^- — • ^ — =•

• See Crit. Rev. for May, I8l^.

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172 Gamble*^ H&iM&d.

could only learn from her, that she should proceed AiAtr dl
the course of two or three weeks.

Soon after his arrival in London, Howard aocidentallv meets
a young officer, with whom he became acquainted in Irelaadi
and who now leads him into dissipation. He recounts hk
meeting in the vehicle with a beauty, and her unexpected dis-
appearance, and regrets that he has lost her who had taken
away his heart. The libertine offers to discover her, but with
sinister views; and being informed of her uncle's name and re-
sidence, which Howard had heard at the inn, he thotkgbt an
inquiry there would facilitate his exertions. This \^ rendered
practi(;able, by his being about to repair to his regiment^ then
quartered in Birminglmm, from which place LicbfieM 14 situ-
ated but a few miles. Arriving at his destination, he speedily
gained an interview with the uncle, from whom he procured
the direction of his brother in London. Finding, however, no
prospect of again obtaining leave of absence, and ttat he could
hot carry on his oum suit to the fair one, who had now returned
to her paternal roof, he addressed to the father an anonymous
letter, cautioning him against a lover of his daughter, whose
person he described, and whose abode he pointed out. On pe*-
rusing the letter, the citizen was in great wTath ; he locked his
daughter in her own room, and then sent a dispatch to Howard^
forbidding his pretensions. Thus, unintended by his trea^^
cherous mend, he became acquainted with what he had Icmg
bought for, — the indiscreet parent having affixed his signature
to the letter, and accompanied it with the name of the stareek
wherein he lived.

After sundry unavailing attempts, our hero, through the mer
dium of an old stationer, who hsnl known his family in Ireland,
and with whom he accidentally became acquainted, obtained a
private interview with Julia. The parent was a widower, an4
belonged to a club of which the stationer was also a member.
The latter would frequently attend him thither for the purposa
of securing to the lovers, eiisy and uninterrupted access. The
youth was guided by honour — the fair one reposed confidence
in him. He proposed to the stationer a clandestine marriage:
but the old Hibernian, conceiving this would be to6 great an im-
position on his friend, declared he would discover all, if Howart
did not desist, at least for the present,-— not havmg whertwitk
to maintain himselfy far less a wife. This wks pfomised*
Howard soon after obtained, through the HvMiMA of his pa-
tron, an a|>pointn^ent in a mercantile house on liie 'CMIinmifr*
In the parting evening of the lovers, that error wa^ oommitttd)
which caused the wretchedness so feelingly described in the sad

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ChwiUrV £foiiMrcL 17S

eataitrofAe of <m tale. Howard left Lfondon with a h^vy
hedl-t. Not long) however^ could his sense of honour permit
liinirto remain in his new trust; he secretly left it^ at ev«ry
risk, and returned to the object of his afi^tions. Julia had
1>een again sent to Lichfield; and thither he followed her. At
fiirmii^aiDy'night overtaking him, he sought repose, land pur*
|X|6ed ilext morning to throw himself at the feet of his muqh
injured mistress. Here we shall follow the words of our au-
thor.

" It was a scene of exhlliration. To him (Howard) there was
but one being on earth, and he wrapt every other in the shroud
Trhtck he dreaded awaiting her. His heart sunk deeper at every
burst of merriment, and every tread of joy. They seemed to his
gloomy iniaginfttioh the senseless laug^ of the idiot beneath the
chariot wheel which is about to crush hifm^—the maddening tread
mi the sleqpei>> who unconscious approaches the frightful ajjyss.

'' Ye nymphs of rosy lips and radiant eyes !
tThom pleasure keeps too busy to be wise ;
Whom joys with soft variety invite,
' By day the ft6\ic, and the dance by night/* ^

Howard then falls into a. train of aieditation on 4ublanary en-
joyments^ and fancies the objerls before hhn 'Meath^s own
frightful ball room;'' where> instead of that illuminated apart-r
ment dazzliilg the eye with its lustre, you will haire the grave's
everlasting dlokness ; and where^ instead of those' gay dresses
fluttering to the air of yoxur own light movements, you must
throw off each costly ornament, and put on the soul-appalling
shroud.

*' So shall the fairest form appear.

When youth and years are* flown;

Such is the robe that kings must wear^

When death has reft their crown."

Howard was roused from his moralizing by three or four mi-
litary officers bursting into the inn yard, as if coming from the
ball-room ; and in a few minutes he iieard the discharge of a
brace of pistols in the room underneath, accompanied by a
shriek and heavy crash. He ha:>tened to the spot, and found
In the person oi the wounded man the young officer who had
so perfidiously deceived him in London.

*' Thete is something terrible in being made suddenly a speo»
ttttor of the «igonies of death even in a stranger; how much mora
temUie when they hi^pen to be those of an acquaintance or friend.
As a fnend^ our unfortunate young man had known hish-, but had

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174 Gamuts Howatd.

he even known his treaohes^, «s under other •eireiittMtaces it
"wouki be called^ could he feel apger or resentment at sack s «i«v-'
ment as this? Oh! no: he could eot^ He could oniy feel> as he
now felt> pity and coinmisseration alone.

'' The dying man requested to be placed upon abed. 'Ley
me>* says hc^ ' on the kindly bed : Oh ! let me not die on the
ground!'

" In bed we laugh> in bed we cry.

And born in bed, in bed we die: •

The near approach a bed may show

Of human bliss, of human woe.

*' 'Forgive me!* exclaimed the departing sinner.

' Forgive you !* exclaimed Howard, wringing his hand, ' For^.

give-

" * You may not think much of it, but I think of it now— In
your youth 1 led you astray !*

" ' You could not have led me astray,' said the other^ ' except
by my own fault — I led myself.'

" * You have more to forgive me,' said the dying man.

" ' Be what it will,' replied Howard, pressing the clammy hand
that he held, ' I forgive you as readily as I expect to be>fiorgiv^i,'

'' When the sun sets, shadows that shewed at noon^
But small, appear most long and terrible. '

Lo! when we think fate hovers over our heads^
Our apprehensions shoot beyond all bounds :
Owls, ravens, crickets, seem the watch of death -,
Nature's worst vermin scare her godlike sons;
Echoes, the very leavings of a voice.
Grow babbling ghosts, and call us to our graves j
Each mole-hill thought swells to a huge Olympus j
While we fantastic dreamers heave and puff.
And sweat with our imaginations' weight."

Howard, agreeably to his promise, attended the funeral of
this once faithless friend ; upon whose fate our author makes
him exelahn^

'' Well, Heaven forgive him ! and forgive us all !
Some rise by sin, and some by virtue fall:
Some run through brakes of vice, and suffer none;
And some do suffer for a fault alone."

Old Mounford had accompanied his child to Lichfield^ where
he discovered her single faulty and upbraided her with violent
maledictions. Stung with a sense of guilt, and goaded by his
repmaches, she meditated self-destruction. Thus defcermmed,
she fled to a neighbouring river, leaving a letter for her father^
and another for her lover J

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XhaMg 8 Barnard. 175

*'. TB^ W0gbA wafr^daik «ni windy, as well as wet. Of night and
storWi and raii^ alie waa heedless. As «he passed the end (yf the
tQ)wn» her boo^t flew off in a field : no cloak or 0^<>^) covering of
any kind on her shoulders, had she to blow off. Heedless of all this,
skut ran aloag the road* When despairing man medit?tes on self--
destruction, he has various modes to chuse from. The gentler
nature of woman thinks only of one — of burying her load of sor-
rows beneath the pure stream, along which by moonlight she had
often wandered to mourn over them.

" The poor mourner came to the river sidet it was alow part
of the bank, on which, in former days, she had oftener than once
aat and gazed delighted on the silver waters as they flowed softly
along. She shivered— «bnt she was resolved. She shut her heart
aglilAst the fill! tide of hopeful youth and fond recollection, which
woiild have borne it away, and dissolved in sorrow its fell despair.
Man has but a short time to live, thought she, and full of misery.
Its but a short pang; I shall have long enough to repose. She sunk
doiVh on her knees, at the very uttermost verge

** ' O God!* said she, 'O God! look down! with an eye of
pity and compassion-^look down upon a poor forlorn, deserted —
who rdshes: — who unbidden — ^the tvaters receive my body — but
do you , O God ! receive my soul ! '

" She plunged in — she sunk — ^and rose again — she struggled an
' instant in the wide waters, and sunk a second time. Her fate now
seemed inevitably decided. Jn a few seconds she would have had
the repose she sought for, and for ever escaped the malice she
dreaded so mu^ch : but it pjeased Provideiice> who is to the full as
unsearchable in judgment, as he is mighty to save, that on this
occasion said she should be saved ^ that death should be delayed
onlyto make it. more mehmcholy^ that she should be snatched
from the merciless waters, only to be destroyed by more merciless
man.*'

A stranger observing her floating, took her up in a senseless
state ; and carried her to the nearest cottage ; animation slowly
returned. The distress of the father, and lover, maybe con-
ceived. Her rash attempt upon her own life brought on a pre-
mature labour of a dead child.
, This novd difiers from the common place publications, as
much in its denouement as in its style. The hero, throughout
the honourable and affectionate lover, contending long against
the obstinacy of Mounford, at lencth becomes reconciled to
him. The error is, by consent of all parties, to be atoned for
by marriage. The day is fixed at rather a more distant period
than Howard wished, but it was necessary that the now be-
trothed sufi^erlng £ur, should have sufficient 'time to recover her
declining health.
Mr. Mounford returns with h'ls child to JLoodon^ aad^ un«

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176 fibMfe'tflbMMNt

luckily, IS visited by his sister^ who ever hmihmm B^mf tjwmt to
poor Julia, and her two daughters ^^rnere awkward, unkiAitiiied
girls of a country town/' A short time previous to the lb-
tended marriage, a monthly ball was to be given, to which
Mr. MounfonC to gratify his daughter^ had formerly become a
subscriber. The visitants determined to attend this eotertain*
juent^ hoping to make a conquest of some rich citis&ens of Lon-
don. Julia entreated to be excused being of the party<«^-sbe
couU not dancc'-^he was scarcely able to walk. She ftirther
urged, that she was particularly warned against ccdd, wd
strictly charged to make no alteration in her dress,and what ma al-
teration she must make, to fit herself for a bdi room I The aunt,
and cousins, however, persisted, the former observing ^^ if she is
fit to be married, and take the cares of life upon her, surely tf it
was not for her proud spirit, she may sit for a hour or two at a
dance." The misjudging father too, thiiddng it would pheer
her spirits, joined his wish for her going to the ball ; and thus
urged on aU sides, she most reluctantly made preparations ior
that purpose. The misfortune of the sufferer got bruited about
the neighbourhood, and the squeamish dames refused to lower
^sociate with Miss Mounford; declaring, that if she went, they
would stay at home. They engaged their husbands in their
eause, who to pacify them, sent a deputation to the master of the
eeremonies to that effect. On hearing this, the unhappy daugh-
ter fell to the ground, in violent hysterics, broke a blood vessel,
and expired.

" Some years afterwards (concludes our author) ^Cr. Moimford
turned Methodist, and no doubt in religion found comfort. But
where did the young man find comfort ? In nothing did he ever
find it. The bright form of existence passed from his view, and
left nothing in its stead but a cheeriess blank. His heart closed
itself to joy, and if he ever felt a moment's pleasure^ it was when
cm the solitary hill> or lonely mountain, he could shan ntenkind^
yet short lived was the pleasure, for even here reflection would
intrude.

' *' Yet for him there was soHie excuse. FassKMS prompted, and
opportunity pvosented. His heart bled for the woes he had .in-
flicted, aoid gladly would he have repaired them« But for th^
vorld which wantoned in cruelty, which broke the bruised. reed^
and crushed the drooping liUy — for the barbarous, where is ther^
an excuse}"

This work is very generally interesting, and well calculated
to uplnM the reputation which Ae authoit has dready acqumd^
The attempt of Julia to commit suicide, however, should knve
beeaanrested before shereacfaed the river^ Such faighly^eolcnaped

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AmmcJ^ ^riack ^f Wemn. 177

J may stvike deep into the agoaized
«iiBd^ and lend^to realise the shocking eatastrophe here de-
pleted. We greatly approve of our author^^ atnande honorable
ior certain unguarded comments, and too highly wrought cha
lacterSyin some pai^tof his former works. Reflection, and tfaie
stealing hand of time Iiave induced caution^ and thus the pag^s
of Howard are free from levity. We do not approve of ^quo.-
fations unaccompanied hya^jknowlcdgme^ts 3 and sure we are,
that Mr. Gamble would npt have the reader confound wita his
i^yvn, the borcowed ^ajbioieBti^ qf en^neat deceased anthocs. -

. Independent of these obeervattons, as a sentuaeatal novelt. we
«ecyMrd to ** Howard" a considcsabk shareof merit. It is unal-
loyed by those artifices^ so often resorted to by modem noveliats
to eke out' their numerous vohimes — it is one plain^ uninterrup
t^dy unvarnished tale. a.

▲bt. JX.^Jnmvttih, FriMt of Persia, ^AnArablmi TaU. Pp. iMi
Walker. Igl6.

HIS tale is Uk the true spirit of the Fabian Nights Enter-
tainment$4 • aad consequently replete with attractioa. Each ad-
veoturcof the gay young Prince Amurath contains an excellent
moraL Our limits^ however, will not allow us to follow liim
tlMTOUghout his mazings^ or describe alibis disguises; but one
of these Persian stories is so nearly parallel with the fashion-
able follies of London, that we venture to transcribe the satire.

Prince Amurath became deeply smitten with the charms of
a favoured foreign actress of the city of Ispahan, named ArieHa,
who had performed before him at a Court entertainment given
in honour of the nuptials of the fair Zulima; and he determined
to visits in privatCj the bewitching siren. His tutor^ Budah^
£pding all remonstrance yain to wean, him from his purpose,
which ha well knew would bring down the wrath of his fa
ther the Sultan, proposed to shew him the object of his ill-
placed aifectionff in her true colours, andattin entertainment of
lier own preparing. For this purpose tlie Prince was disguised
as a young grandee, travelling with his tutor to sec the curio-
sities of the capital of Persia.

*' When the shades of night had enveloped the city of Ispahan,
Amurath and his tutor quitted the palace: the latter conducted his
-pupil to aa elegant house in a large street, where fhey were re-
ooHned* by stfvaral porters, in dresses similar lo those worn by the
•■lira io£ the fimpire. They passed through a hall, the pavement
#f whiph was Mosaic: the stairs. were of marble^ with giU rails j

Crit. Rev. Vol. II. August^ 1815. Z

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IJ3 jimuraSi, Pfinoe qf Perns.

aadihe waUs wore tmbeUished whh.pttintiiigs toi
in pei8|]ttktiye. On braiized trtpodB weve placed lai^ lampe a|
proper distances 3 and at the iurxiing of each laadiug 00 the^tam
8tood a slave in waiting with wax tapers. The apartmeota thej
entered were of suitable magnificence^ and brilliantly liglUed*
These terminated in a grand saloon, of a circular fona, with hang-
ings of scarlet and gold. Kound the circle were several niches, in
whleh were placed Ottomans, of a similar pattern, with curtuns,
which, when drawn, "(vh^Hy concealed the recess ; and every canrre*
liienee of luxury and ease was funu^ed with taste.

*' The Frinee was aatoaislied at «o mmch magnifioenoe. '^ Efvcs
iii'iayf»Cher*«(pala£e,'aaid hie:toBudah, ^ we have scarcely a ciipe^
rimr aak»oa : surely you have intnoduoed cn^ to sonw Prince -vriifiai
{ kn^w «ot*

'< Vau will «ee .the priaces and princesses ^bo preside faerew
replied Budah in a whisper, 'when their highnesses condescend t#
receive us ; till then, we must content ourselves with examining
the deeciiatiaos m the pisce.*

*^ They sat down in one of the niches, and the slaves withdrew,
sfcying^ they ^uM metitidh theiV Arrival.'*' 1?hey %atf wealed some
time, when they hetird a *e6fi^Md none at the dobi', nprhich ««
thrown suddenly open. Budah let down the cnrtain> which c««-
c^led them bey(nd It: A female 0lava rushed :lo^ esy 109 , for
BMroyti she .WasfoUowred by her mistress, soaredy haU^4f^aaad|
unlhoitt any vdil« aad hier hair flowing loose about hier ritonUen.
Every, iifioe she cpuld reach the slave, she struclk her so vidfeni a
blow that she made her stagger. ' Wretch,' cried sh^, her cquib
teuance distorted by the wildest rage^ * would I had the powef, ^
strangling thee! I would place the bowstring round thy neck my-
self with pleasure. You know that I expected a young nobleman
to pass the evening: you know that I never look half so handsome
as in my rose-coloured turban 5 and to think you should spill &e
lamp-oil upon it— «f ishall die with passion. But I will ihake you
remember it all the days of your life.'

** The Prince would have interposed; but Budah lield hk anii>
with an implying silence. Hie unfortunate slawe nmaing lOUDdl
the apposite side of the saloon, darted again through the 4Dor,
followed by her mistress, whose rage had so enttiely itakepa -posr
session of hef, that she did not perceiire any (One was preaent.

'' What a visage!' said the Prince, 'I am sure she may, spaff
herself the trouble of dressing to engage me. Such outrageous
anger from so trifling a cause, can never rival the lovely smiles
and winning graces of the fascinating Ariella. But yet I confess,
at first when she entered I thought thete was some reaeBablanee
in the features -, they may be sisters.*

'' ''Perhaps,* aaid Budah, dryly, ^ataayi««e,he MueihlaAMHi
was not intended for us.' In a few minutes aevenl ladlos and
gentlemen, richly liveased, enteied the saloon. They aahiAad tha
young fi^ndee and hi^ tutor with an over-bred foUicnesa 3 fhes^

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iHblAf tfMir mto ptemisciioQflly, tkef evierod inHo a gay emlverr
iRftbn> M wfaieh> if theve waj» a li;ltle too much of freedom^ k wm
mngled wHh wit.

* '' Wine and high-spiced confectionerj^ to rouse the appetite^
wore handed round by slares, on silver and porcelain 8ervice8«. A
blue silk curtain^ which depended from the top of the saloon at
one end> was drawn up, and a band of musicians began to play the
roost lively airs. Several of the ladies and gentlemen joined in
figure-dances, and it seemed to the eyes of the Prince as if the
same group moved before him at Zuiima's wedtfing ^ but they
Were better dressed, and tAie pm^aide of decorum lese attended toi
In vain he looked for the entrance of Arielia t» finish the group;
After an hour spent in this exercise the curtain dropped, and the
mu^ians withdrew. A number of slaves entered, and spread
large- tables- sa by magic, wltfh ev«ry delicacy of the season.' A
Ibldihg door opened, ad which a IbAj entered, decked with evety
power to charm. 8he graciously advanced to the Prince,, address^
in^ to him various inquiries in the softest tones of tendemese." '

. The Prkice wae fllniek with tlie likeness of this beauty ta
ArieUa ; he thougbt her stUl luundaojiier. But who^ he> again
emieideredy was die ftiry who chased her abve— -could it be
j^sHMe my outrageoias a tempest should so aooD become a set«»
tMt calm. 'TwBs even (o; and Mve wine circuliled; neitlier
eex rejecting the gobitet; they eang and caroused — then rfte-^
puted and quarrelled, until ^* noise became the snbstitate for
mirth; and several, wholly overcome by inebriation, staggered
to the recesses, where they laid' down in temporary oblivion.*'

Such is the Persian picture of their foreign players; and
were we to take a peep at the festive boards of our pampered
Signiosas and Mesdames of Italy and France, wI,io delight the
feskiouable virtu&d with the recitative, and the verse, and. the
scmg, €i which they understaud not a single word, we might
witness simflar cHssipaAvon. We are insukingly told, that these
singifig, skipping foreigners^ are aik)wed that which wiH pur-*
chase every luxury, while numbers^ of our fellow subjects ane
pining m worldly wantp

But to the ^)oraI of the tale. The Prince, unaccustomed t6
wine, had felt the exhilirating eifects of a few ghisses; but
ashamed to refuse the challenges, he plentifully partook of the
insidious goblet, until his senses became bewildered : the tapers
pultiplied into thousands, and the circular saloon appeared re-
volving round him* The tutor, fearing the consequence of
total inftoncatioB, found means to draw bis. pupil from a scen«
tv«ry moment beeomiog more confused. In the street the
hetiled youth grew loud at being taken from the company. It

\ p0^ the silent hour of nighty when the sons of labour and

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186 Amurathf Prince (^ Persia.

^qbtiety were retired to rest, and no one was to be liecfb io the

streets save the guards of the night. The captain commanded
them to stop, and to account for their being abroad at so un-
seasonable an hour. Tlie Prince, now forgetting himself, and
rendered furious at being arrested by his father's soldiers, drew
his sabre, vowed destruction to all who might oppose him, and
hfx the scuffle wouuded the captain in the arm>

In the morning the refractory Prince was taken before the
Kadi; the tutor, who was sober, and guilty alone of being foond
in bad company, had ahseady been discharged. The judge thus
addressed the Prince :

'^ Young man, let this disgraceful consequence of inebriety for
ever beprinied in your mi^mory, and wheq^ypu are in the hoiy^
^^xwrth, beware that the insini^ial^ing cHp do not lead you beyond
y»ur prudence. He who abandons bis senses to wine, coaunitf
himself to the waves without a guide. A drunken man is like a
wild beast; he is no longer guided by reason, and too frequently
is* guilty' of critoeif and 6fi^nc6s ofthe rao«t d^ptorabfe and Serious
cfonsequc/nces. Beware; then, of the snarcJIs laid fot inesLperiendb
by theKeentiotis in the moments of mivth; and remember, 4kai
the gl<m4oo mneh sparkles with deceit, wkilst the oontenta are
disease and crime. Tlie eaptain of the guard, whom you.wounded^
widle perfocoiing his duly^ geneiously forgives you* You saMijf
go, b^t ain no more/'. . ;

Badah having now informed lum of his father^s forgiveness^
the Princp thus replied :

" I cannot forgive myself. I wonder not at the policy of thost
states and cities which forbid singing and dancing men and ^o-
Al'en; their manners ofiFer too alluring charms to the mind of
youth, and their example is too powerful for the passions to resist:
when I beeotne Sultan, I will banish thorn the f^Gopire.'
' ^*< ' Shr,' replied Badah, ' every thing has its use, and even poi-
sons may be neutralized or rendered of utility $ the danger ia in
misplaoing or misapplying. These singing juxd dancing meniand
Vfpamn are highly diverting .with their tricks and shews, but they
lujiKie been raised into artificial importance by the patronage of the
gfeat ; the'finest genius shall be neglected in want, but a fine voice
is an ample fortune. You have seen in what extravagance these
people are enabled to live, and you have seen the way in which they
spend their lives during the sunshine of prosperity. There is not
a Mufti, or Cadi, or General, in your father's kingdom has a aalarjr
e<|tial to the gifts poured upon the fascinating Ariella. Were they
paid only in proportion to their intrinsic usefulness, they would
not possess the means of such profusion, and their example 'WouM
Ve less pernicious to the morality of youth." a. .

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f 181 5 J . ^

A,BT.X.— ^ Guide to the ^Reading and Study of the Holy Scr^iUurei^
By Augustus Herman Franck, A.M. late Professor of Dioinityp
and of the Greek and Oriental Languages^in the University <f Halle*
Translated from the Latin, and augmented with Notes ; distinct No^
tations of some of the best Editions of the Greek and Hebrew Scrips
tures; and a copious but select List of the most valuable Commentaries
and Biblical Works; exhibiting also, m each Book, the CriOcwns of
abieDieines} together unih an interesting Life of the Author: by
' William jAauEs, Pnoate Teacher^ and Editor of Amdfs Trua
. . Ckhstimty, 8(c. Bp. 979> eatolusive of Freface aod Biogf Aphy^
Burton and Co. 1815.

tCoticluded from p. 94.]

Having in our last Number traced the leading incJdente of Mr,'
PVanck's professional life, we tiotr offer to our readers a brief
det»I of the contents of the ** Guide,*' accompanied with a few
remarks. Tliis interesting piece is divided into two parts : the
0rst .concerns '^ Reading as it respects the Lktter of the Scrip-
tiures;" -the second treats of ^^ Reading as it regards the Spirit
of , the Word." The chapters of the former ftand arranged uxider
tlie heads of ^^Grammatical Reading," ^f Historieal Reading^"-
atid ^' Analytical- Reading ;"-*-those of the latter under the
headsof ''Bxpontory Reading,^' <' Doctrinal Reading/' ^^In^
fcrential Reading," and ^* Practical Reading." These, again,
are divided into sections, to which are prefixed appropriate
titleir ; and to the whole arc appended brief directions on ^* the
order of perusing the Scriptures," together with "A Treatise
. On the Affections, as connected with the Study of Theology."

'Jhe first part is fraught with instruction, eminently calcu-
lated to furnish the basis of an enlightened understanding o(
the Holy Volume. The author points out minutely the ne-
cessity of attending to grammatical construction, recommends
a very judicious method of acquiring the Greek and Hebrew
tcR^l^ues, insists on the utility of oollating copies of tlie Bibla
ki the learned languages, and directs the student to the best
SDorces of auidliary information. The object and value of ex-
amining the Scriptures historically are then explained ; and the
chapter on " Analytical Reading" contains a masterly expo-
sition of rules for ascertaining the true sense, scope, and bear-
ing of the Epistles in the New Testament, the doctrinal, his-
tocical, and prophetic books, and the Psalms.

This forms* an admirable introduction to the succeeding part*
By following the Professor's {>recepts, the diligent pupU may
now be supposed sufficiently disciplia«d to enter into the con*
iemplation of spiritual thingsr, to search the latent treasures of

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1B2 Jaqfkss'9 TVontlttKofi (ff Franck's Gw4e.

divine grace, and bring home to his own heart the saving in*
ffoence of the Holy Spirit. For it will readily be perceived,
that the matter which we have pow detailed respects the lkf-
tBR of ScriptUTe solely; though, as the translator well observes,
this is always considered in subordination to the Spirit of the
Word, and the student is continually admonished to devote to
It no more of his time than it absolutely requires. The secopd
part, therefore, developes the mode of exDractkig the essence
of the Inspired Writings, and is, iadeed, ^< replete wilh spi-
ikuality/^ We shall cite a few passa^ from the ekaptei^ on
"Doctrinal" and "Practical'* Reading.

After premising that ^^ a knowledge of exposition," " the
power of judging of the scope, and of the theological doctrines
ffiritmMy aM not naiiiraify," "a wiliiifgiies^ to reduce the
4oetri»e» of Scripture to practice," antt ^<a high esteem for dl*-
lone truth, as that which is to be defended against assaults by
tlie ^ thus it is written,' are pre-reqiiiflftes to the institutiott of
doctrinal reading," the author lays down the ensuing i

^'' 1. The airgumeBt and general scope of the whole book (on
whkh latter every thing else depends) should be duly weighed.
. '* it. The principal doctrine contained in the whole argument,
is to be accurately formed in the words of the sacred writers*
' '* 3v The special doctrines must be pointed out^ and the vumrt
ner in which they flow from the priacipal doctrine.

'* 4. The doctrines expressed must be dfistinguished from.tb0so
which are impUed: the former arc to be particularly notieed> and
the latter are to be confirmed from passages where they are ex«
pressed.

** 5. The law and gospel should be rightly distinguished* and
the things appertaining to each be accurately separated 3 because
these are the principal classes of theological doctrines.

'' In order to illustrate these points l^ example, let us advert fed
St. FEuirs Epistle to the Ephesiaas. Here we have —

*' 1. The general scope of the aposde; naaxtely, to concilials
the minds of Jewish and Gentile converts, and to confimt then)
both in the purity of the faith in Christ Jesus, as well aa ift ho9
Uness of life.

'' 2. The principal doctrines: see Chap. 3, 11, 12, 13) and
also 19,20; and Chap. 3, 6.

" 3. The special doctrines; which are the six following: 1.
God constituted the Jews his own people, promised them Christ,
and eternal life in Him. 2. The Jews possess this prerogative,
that they first hoped in Christ. 3. The salvation of the Ckntiles
flows from mercy, through the grace of Jesus Christ. 4. Our
salvation depends not on the righteousness of works, but on mere
grace* 5. The way of salvation^ as it f especU both Jews aqd

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Gentiles^ is tbe Mune. 6. None, but those ivhm are justified,*
can perfonn good works.

'^ 4. The dooCriae implkd: ^htts (Chap. 2, 152) the stivteof the
OeotUes, JHitecedeut to tfaeir ewnversioii to Chri^ was a state off
MBdfininatien. This is ej^essed, Rom. chap. 1.

'* 5. The Law contains tMmga to be doae ; the Gospd, thkiga
to he believsed : henoe the entire fonndation of this episde is evan^
^lical. However, in the whole epistle, the general applicatioa
relates to the law, so far as it is observed by bdievers.

" When doctrines are well known, they may be digested into a
csertaJB order, whieh must nevertheless comport with the subject
aad^ the Inteiition 'of the Haly Spirit. All oi them may be refemei
toiQod, to man, or to Christ ^ Mediator between both.'*

^niis is at once sin^ple and compsehanaivie. The roks «e
(ikttt^ aod the illustzatioo is felicitous. It in, indeed^ impot*
sible for any one who ainoerely desures to decyipher the spirttiMd
meaning of the gospel, not to succeed in his attempts, if he ad*
here to such advice. The directions will bear the strictest
scrutiny, and their observance, under divine influence, be at-
tended with the happiest effect/B.

Equally sound are the Professor's remarks on '^ Piraoti<^'
Keading/'

• ^ Wlien a physician," he observes, " attends a patient, he,' in
the -first place, ascertains his malady and its attendant symptoms ^
then, he inquires into the causes of ft; and, lastly, he ^xes on the
refneSes, Just in the same way are we to act, in applying any
portion of Holy Writ. After the most natural and obvious mean*
Ing of the text has been ascertained, we are, accordingly, to con-
sider, first, the habit of our minds^ and accurately to compare it
with the portion under our notice. If this be done with single*
ness of soul, we shall plainly perceive, as in a glass, the particular
faults under which we labour. We are then to examine into tbe
'^cmtsei of these 'fauHs, that we may not attempt to heal an internal
^otmd with an . external remedy, or commit any similar error.
iftfter'th4s, we must look for remedies proper to correct our faults,
*' It is not merely external precepts that are to be observed,' for
we should solicitously search out their foundation; and, in this«
iPraetica! Reading should principally terminate; otherwise, we
may accumulate precepts to no useful purpose. Here the foHow*.
ing directions require our attention.

* We would humbly 8U|^^est the impropriety of applying this epithet t^
man, during his probation in this world. Man, in his best condition, is but |k
falleii einnei^-^m '^tinprofttable servant." The <' blood of Christ*' is, in-
<le«4f the atoncnient for liistmisgreisioa,biitcanAot properiy be said to Juitiif
it. We ««e aware that the woid is sanctioned by numerous authorities, bi|t
our Liturgy supports us in objecting to it : ** Enter not into judgment with thy
aerfant, O Lord, for In thy sight shall no man living be justified."

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184 Jbqim'i T^raiidaikm {(fFrmck'i Gtdds.

**'l. We should seek for the fouiidfttion of |»recq>t8 ftt lit

Scriptures themselves.

" 2. We should then try whether we csa diflcoTer it in onr own
breasts. For instance^ when we are required to pray for our esc*
mies, it is evident that the foundation of the precept is sincere and
nnftffected love for them. We should, therefore, consider, whe^
ther we really possess this love 3 because, to pray for them, when
we have it not, must be hypocrisy.

" 3. The foundation must be laid in our hearts, before we
think of building any precepts upon it.

'^ In all practical application, we must have our eyes fixed on
Christ; for, first, he is to be applied to us, by faith, for salvatkMi;
and, secondly, he is to be imitated in our lives 3 for 'he is the
way, the truth, and the life; and no one cometh to the Father but
by him.* The eaiamples of men are to be copied only so far as
they conform to this rule : ' Be ye followers of me,'* saith Paul>
'even as I also am of Christ,* 1 Cor. xi. 1.

'^ Here, likewise, we must guard against two common errors;
lest, in the first place, our carnal nature and depraved reason,
which are prepense to evil, should mistake vice for vhrtue 3 and,
in the second, lest we should pay that regard to external excel-
lencies, and hold them up to that imitation, which are due rather
to the internal habit of our minds. Rom. xv. 3.

" We ought frequently to read some book of Scripture which
inculcates the foundations of faith and practice with peculiar forca
and perspicuity, and studiously endeavour to render ourselves as
much as posstMe conformed to it. Such are the Gospel and
Bpistles of John. This is not, however, enjoined, to the exclu-
sion of other and perhaps better plans.

'' In the commencement of Practical Reading, the student should
attend to the following remarks.

" 1. We are not to apply all things at once, but successively;
lest our minds should be overwhelmed with the abundance of
matter.'*

" 2. Application should commence with the more easy books
and passages, in which the understanding is not liable to be
fatigued by any difficulties in the sense, nor to be agitated ty con-
sequent doubts. When a proficiency has been made, recourse
may be hod to those which are more abstruse.

" 3. Application is to be instituted, not that we may have mat-
ter for discourse, but for practice.

'* The condnuaiion of practical application should occupy the
whole of our lives. It is assisted partly by our own industry,
which would, however, be inefficient without grace ; and, partly,
by the help of Divine grace, which is continually poured out. in
larger measures on their hearts, who receive the seed of the word
as into good ground. We are bound, on our parts, to use diligent
prayer, and constant meditation ; to institute perpetual collations
of Scripture ; to be instant in our attention to what passes in

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legitimate Saoere^ty^ 185

aad oondlTes $ and to exercise a TigOant obsciTaltea of
our own state of mind. Equally essential with these important
particnlacsj are coaTersation with those who have made greater
advajuces in spiritual knowledge, an4 the cultivation of inw;«^
fieace ; of which, the more we possess, the more we shall enier
into the true meaning of Scripture.*.'

t)( the nierits of the translator it is our pleasing duttto
apeak ux laudatory terms. To the sense of the origind he is at
ail times extremely faithful; to th^ phraseology it has not been'
so peculiarly his abject to adhere. The scholastic stifiiiess of
the Latin give» way to the easy flow of his mother tongue ; and
liie uncouthness of tedinical language is exchanged for the at-
tractiveness of popular diction. The notes annexed claim
mu^h praise for theirieanling^ judgment, and ability; and are
replete with evidence of extensive bibliographical research.
The original was recommended to general perusal by Doctors
Poddridge and Allix; — ^we confidently follow their course, and
advise the reading of the present version. ' o.

DENONCIATION AU ROI, &c.

Abt. XI.— • Denunciation to the Kingy of the Acts and Proceedings by
which the Ministers of his Majesty have violated the Constitutiou,
By Meheb db la Touche, formerly Under Secretary of State
(Chefde DivisionJ in the Foreign Department, and in the War De-
partment. Translated from the French Manuscript Copy, by Lewis
Goldsmith. Svo. Pp. 25. Uookham.

AT what period do we take up the investigation of this cele-
brated and sagacious composition ! The country whose suffer-
ings it indignantly laments, deprived of the genius of her Legi-
i timate Sovereign^ — ^groaning under the criminal despotism of

* Nothing can be more honourable to the English Character than the in-
dignation so universally felt by the Pepple at the revoltiug^ treatment of the
£mperor Napoleon by the British Ministers. Be it eternally remembered, that
the Frietich Sov^rei^ — ^for such he is, the conditions of his Abdication not hav-
ing been folfiUed— threw himself upon the ^nerosity of the English JVafion,
Oh, that our history shonld be stained with such a document as the following !

Of his Imperial Majesty, Napoleon the First, Empbror of the French,

The Protest against his Majesty's compelled and iHe&ral conveyaitce to

St. Helena, by the directioii of the British Executive.

** I iolemnly protest before God and Man against the violation of my sacred
TiffbtB, in disposmg of my person and liberty : I came voluntarily on board the
Belleropbon, 1 am not a prisoner of war, I am a Guest of England.

** As soon as I was on board the Bellerophon, I was under the protection 6t
thfe British People ; if their Govemmtni, : his Majesty means the Executive^)

Crit. Rev. Vol. II. Augasty 1815. 2 A

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166 Intimate Soeereignty*

her himdredo times-conquered enemies — ^the noblest of her fsotv^
dragged before assemblies of traitors calling themselves Courts
of Law, their virtues' calumniated as vices, their deeds of he-,
robm painted as crimes, their devotion to their Rightful Mo-
ifarch called Rebellion ! the Nominal Rulef ready to purchase,
the possession of the chief power by sacrifices, the least of which
would not be endured by^ we will not sav Napoleon, but that
very ancestor whose name, by prostitution of it to bis own.
cause, he l^as covered with contempt,— or if the merits of the
illustrious Henry, who, like Napoleon, boasted of his .pppular.
title to the crown, should yet live in the admiration of the pep*
pie, their love must be created by contrast, and the cry of ^^ Viv€.
Henri Q^atire'' will be the signal of his descendant's expulsion*
Before we enter upon the important points contained in this
pamphlet, it is necessary to explain ourselves with respect to the.
question — who is the Legitimate Sovereign of France ? It is one^
we,are aware, replete with matter of irritation to both parties,
and those who support the pretensions of the Capets are not less
allVe to doubts touching their title, than are delicately sensible
those, who advocate the rights of the Booapartes with regard to
tTieir claims to the throne : we shall therefore carefully av.oid
tl)e employment of terms likely to create feelings of animosity^
anc( confine ourselves to what we consider as an arguipentatii^.
and dispassionate view of the case. On the heads of the two jfa-
roilies we shall refrain iiom making remarks, — for whethej: pn
the one hand the Emperor Napoleon be, or be not, that model for.

iA ^vfng orders to the Captain of the Bellerophon to receive me' apd nnr
svLite, oalj meant to entrap me, it has forfeited ha honour^ md tamibhedlft^
flag. , , , ^^

** If this act 18 put in caution, it will be in vain that the English boast 9^
their honour, their laws, and their liberty. British Faith will be obscured hf
the hospitality of the Bclleronhon .

** I appeal to Hi8tor>% whether an enemy, after having for twentjr ycsnra
%TRged war against the English people, comes deliberately in his misfortunes to,
sedk an asylum under the protection of their Laws, can give a more connncing*
proof of his esteem and confidence? How did they in EnglaBd answer thift-
appeal? They pretended to extend a friendly hand to this ^biiy,,

AND WHEN HE RELIED ON THEIR GoOD FaITH, THEY SACRIFICED HIM !

" Giv€k on Board ike Belietvphon, at Sea, « NAPOLEON."

^i^itfl 4M, 1H15." - -*

Against this most shocking act the sense of the Nation ought to be openlj.
and expiicidy expressed. English Feeling, English Honour, English Rectitude,
and above all, Reverenct for the Laws and Constitution, require thclMFBAcH- '
MENT of the Minister or MiuisUrs ^vjio baro oounselled a measure, beyond de<»
scription sinistral to the inteix^ts of a Country till now renowned for its inte-.
grity—shamcful and degradioo^ Wyund all painting to a nation to whom tlicf
^<( greatest of living men'* afforded such glorioua occasion to ttauifest their le-
^ ^jjcct for the principles of Sydney and KussEU

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Legitimate Sovereignty." 187

Princes WBich so many wise and excellent persons of our own
country deem him ; or, on the other, whether Louis be, or be
not, that imbecile despot which the French People, who speak
experientially, declare him— these are topics not at all essential
to the discussion, and have iiotliing to do with the determina-
tion of that GRBAT QUESTION, which relates to the Right pos-
sessed by every Nation to establish in itself what Government
it pleaseth, and to demand from all others the full and explicit
recognition of that system of polity which seems to it fitting to
he established In itsdf.

It is a ]£lmentable evidence of the slowness with whic^h poll-
ticar Truth makes her advances in old countries, that in the
freest of' all European nations, the exereise of this undeniable
and imperishable Righ^ should re^iire justification. In the
United States it is a truism : and an American would not be
more astonished, were he asked whether he believed the Mis*
sisippi to be a larger river th:^h the Thames, than at being
questioned, whether he took it for granted that every people
have the indubitable right to alter, or totally abolish, their go-
¥ennnenc whensoever it pleased them, and to erect in its place
another such as shall seem to them suitable to the purposes for
irhich they create it. An American, we repeat, would Mush
iitith indignatioa at being thus interrogated; and yet in Eng-
land, whose sons, Thomson told us, ^^newhr would be slavbs,"
it is neoessafy to expatiate in defence of a principle whose just
and glorious practice has sown in shores three thousand mile»
from her own the seeds of incalculable grandeur and felicity.

In times when every artifice is resorted to for the effectuation
oJTthe most unhallowed purpose, viz. the organization and peT«>

gtuation of Human Slavbry, — ^it is only by returning to First
. inciple3 that we can hope to recreate the spirit of a befter pe*
nod-— the spirit which engendered the very Constitution of
which Englishmen have been taught to boast, — ^the spirit
which, seating the Guelphs on our throne, ought to have made
HA applaud aiKi support the election of the Bonapartbs to that
ol France.

A nation, naturally, has and can have no master but God^
every member of the state, is possessed of a share of the na-
tional power of erecting and establishing the government, and
the aggregate Power in the nation is, of course, composed of
the rights of its individual members. This is, indeed, a Di vinb
RiGHTy and the only one which ought to be acknowledged so
by that free creature^ Man. It is the Gift of God, and cannot
be takea away nor abolished by human authority. Nations have,
it is true^ occasionally resigned the exercise of this their un«

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188 LegitimaUSocenigiUg,

douif^ power, and yet isitinie thaftin the imtanoes in widck
they have so done, their resignatioD is to be taken as the oonfir*
nation of its previous possession — since that whidi we do not
possess, that we cannot abdicate. But no person resigns anjpie-
sent benefit or possession but in exchange for something of an
equal or greater value. It has been rightly siud that do magis*
' trate can perform any sendees for a state that are not amply
rewarded by a decent maintainance as First Representative^ and
the national gratitude. No good magistrate will wamt mare«
And when the magistrate acts in such a manner as to caU fbilh
in his favour the expression of the public feeling, then, and tkm
only, does he fulfil the duties of his station. The compact aa
much spoken of as subsisting in Kingdoms and Emjrires be*
tween the People and the monarch, exists in every state between
the citizens and those whom they have invested witfi the powers of
government. It consequently exists as fully in the Republics
form of government as in the Monarchical, and in both die com-
pact is a conditional agreement, otherwise it would be no com-
pact at alL In both the contract is especial — ^whether k be
scriptian or non scripium. In both, the state, that is the
nation, enters into a covenant with a person or persons to per-
form certain functions, in recompence for which a specified
reward, in the shape of salary and perhaps privileges, is aecored
to the party or parties elected to the magistracy. If the com-
pact be infringed in a monarchy by the Prince, he, violatiiig
the conditions of his election, forfeits his station, and the Lnr
regards him no longer in the light in which the constitntian

E laced him — and if he proceeds, after this Legal Extinctian of
is authority, to support the infraction of his agreenient, he thai
becomes obnoxious to the national justice, as an audacious ^dis-
turber of the public peace. Qui si facit injuriam, non est
Rex.»

- This brings us to the point we wish. Is the present head
of the Capets, has he ever been, King of the French ?

That individual was elected conditionally, to the Throne of
France in 1814, c^er the Declieance, but before the Abbica-
TiON, of Napoleon. It is very plain, that to this act of the Se-
nate none of the Allies paid any respect, since they, with the
teception of England, entered into the Treaty of FontainbleMi
subsequently to that proceeding; and even England as well as
her confederates, we believe, ^d not acknowledge Louis till itf-
ter the resignation of the Imperial Authority by Napoleon ;
evidently regarding the Senate, as in truth it was, legally incom-

• BraeUm. LSh. 1. Caf.%>

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t^^iAmate Sovereignty. 189

pelwaafc to the dethronendent of a monarch willi whose XLiun^ioN
it had had no concern^ farther than in making the declaration
of the roistered votes of the departments in its favour. This
alone would be sufficient to prove that Louis, arbitrarily raised
to the tiirone by the voices of an incapable assembly, and not
by those in whom alone the Right of Election resided, viz.
the People^ could not, in such circumstances, legally assume
the es^erdse of Monarchical, or any other power in France.

But^ say that the Senate too^ competent to the placing Louis
upon the throne, and that the People delegated their elective
franchises to its members to be exercised by them at discretion,
And then let us inquire into the nature of the compact entered
into by that Body with the persons whom they, in the name of
the People, first created King.

And in the first place what is called Legitimacy^ is as wholly out
4»f the question, as if the monarch elect had been a member of
any one of the six millions of families forming the population of
France* Only his election could make him Legitimate Sove^'
leign, and only his adherence, his punctUioue adherence, to
the conditions of his election, could preserve to him the legal,
limited, and constitutional power with which he was invested
by the solemn act of his suBcroas* << Lawjid^ i. e. Legitimate,
longs are fcinge by the Law: In being kings by LaWf they are
tudi kings as the Law makes them, and that Law only nmst
lett as what is due to them/'* Now, what sort of king did the
Act of the Senate i»e. the LaWj make Louis? It did nc^t make
him an absolute monarch; it did not, returning to the old pe-
riods of ignorance and slavery, and guided solely by an unques-
tioning reverence for the ^^ Le Roy le vent, name him as
the Bueoessor, and invest him with the power and privileges
of a Bourbon Prince. On the throne of Louis the Fourteenth
or Sixteenth, it did not place him. King of France and Na-
varre he was 710^ instituted. The compact, by virtue of which
he was to have been seated on the Throne, was of a tenor wholly
the reverse of those abhorrent, and in this age, i^icuUms, doc-
trines—doctrines that first supported, then enfeebled, and at
length ruined, the power of his ancestors. The Act of Election,
by which alone he could with any appearance of legitimacy as-
sume the exercise of the Regal Functions, which, indeed, are
neither more nor less than the concentrated sovereignty of the
Nation, propounded to him a Constitution and Title, his accep-
tance of which was the guarantee of his authority. Both that
Constitution and that Title were widely difierent from the system.

f AlfSQiqii Sidney oaGoTemneot, 866.

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1910 L^itiMaie Sovefelgniy.

of government and political denomination of its ancesUnrs.
They were very evidently framed in a spirit resulting firom the
proj^ess in Political science necessarily made by a nation^ who^
during more than a quarter of a centory, had been trained in
habits of Political Thinking and Discussion; and^ to lis, itap-
pfears that the compact of the Senate with Louis was drawn up
not only with wisdom, but with a most especial regard to the pro- *
pensities which must rationally be supposed to predominate in
the representative of a family, with whose name D^spotistn and
Bigotry are synonimous terriis. The maiiitenance of titles,
and honours, and property, procured by the xtistinguisheil p&r-
sons, who had supported and exalted the glory of Fraboe in tfa«
Wars springing out of the Revolution could have but a slender
security in the inclinations of an individual whose family thdl '
Revolution had hurled from the throne — therbforb thdr pre-
servation was constituted a solemn article of the compact. The
reli^gnition of the Sales of National Property would not, as-
St/redly, be the voluntary act of the monarch-electyreturniog etk*
vif oned by priests and courtiers, of whose forfeit and confiscated
domains that Property consistedr-THBEBFoRB their recognition
was distinctly and formally stipulated. The LibBrtV of the
PftBss- would be most obnoxious in the eyes of a person under
whose progenitors no work could be published without the
*^ -Approbation ei Privilege du Roy'*-. — ^thbrbforb itwsis ex^
prts&Iy and strictly provided for. Libbrttt of WprsiTif would
have but a poor prospect of protection fk'om an individu^il Whose
bigotted attachment to Catholicism* would naturiAIy impel
him to the discontinuance, if not persecution, of all other reli-
gious persuasions, and urge him to the eiUi^vagant support and
patronage of a faith scarcely less hostile to the interests of hu-
manity than the corrupted tenets of Islam — thbreforb Univer-
sal Toleration formed one of the fundamental conditions of his '
election. The actual as well as titulary maintenance of the -
Sei^^te and Legislative body— the preservation of the Legion
of Honour — the imposition of taxes by the National Repre-
seifiUtivc^, &c. &c. were likewise included in this solemn
cditipact-between the Senate and Louis, who, signifying his
fobnal ^nd express assent to its conditions^ was acknowledged

'^ A curious instance of the wisdom of Louis as well as of his detertnin&UoB
to deserve the title of '<Most Christian/' has lately come to our knowledge.
Shortly after bis arrival in Pahs in 1814, he, upon the representation of some
priest of the lack of churches in France, declared to one of the Ministers his
intention to have one erected in every parish— The minister informed him that
thv- ^normoui amount of the pubhc burthens would not allow of such a measure.
<«01^ l^j^-QU mist^eme/* said Louis, << I do not intend that the jncftlv shoukl
be&r the expense ; every pmish is to build its own church.'*

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King of tlie French. The tide. by which he was. to he ac^

knowledged is a very . important feature in this celebratecj^l

but too-slightly-studiied^ Act, It shews to demonstration the utr^,;

ter aversion borpe by the People of France to the old form of •'

government; its bigotry, its tyranny, its I^ettres de Cache.ts, it^.

monKs, and its intolerance; its farmers-general and seignoraL

bishops; its pomp and insolence; in fine, that universal abhor-,

reoceof its whole host of oppressive abominations, that w^re*

solved never to jrns-adniitoneof the Capetian family as a Ruler by.

a title that would perpetually stimidate him to attempt the rcsito*», r

ration of a system that sacrificed the interests of the Nation at th« .

foot of the Uurone, and prostrated the dignity of the People, theif .

h^ppin^^ and their honour, befprje the shrine of arbitrary sway^-«

A» King .of JFronce and Navarrey he could not avoid calling to

mind what tliat title formerly signified — that it was applied to

th^ Sovereign of one of the mo^^t enslaved countries of J^urope.

It. was therefore most wisely det^mined that his title. should..

bear. nq relation to that borne by. the former kings, but wei^r.

all. the appearai^ce of constitutional dictation. Entering Frapc^,

as the elected Kino o« thjs Frbnch, Louis-Stap|slas-Xavit»',,;

it may be saii4 hy those who are inclined to maintain hb electio/> ,

tG\ have been the result of choice^ and not of foreign military^

influence, would have had an incontestible claim to the^ ej^n

cise pf such authority as the Apt of the Senate, granted to the

Monacch-^elect. Entering Fiance as Louis the Eightiienth^, ,

&;^, — as ^ Bourbon-Kmg — as tlie ;iuccessor of an individual

who had never reigned, he clearly forfeited every^ th/e lightest*

claim to a power, which conditionally accorded^ and signified

bj a spjecific Jtitle^ was, of course, abdicated by the King-ele^tji

when he departed from the tierms and tenor of the Compact ,

which made him King. The Frenph People could not be bonno.

to pay any obedience to Louis asXiouis the Eighteenths King of

Fnmce and Navarre. — They neither acknowledged, nor coti^ .

acknowledge any person qo styling. liimself»-*-Onl^ to Lo.vis*.

Stanisms-Xavier, Constituticmal Ki^Q of the French,

could the French Nation be legally called upon to yield the

deference due to its elected Sovereign. Only as ktng as he

should faithfully and diligently observe the {;miditw9fs of his^

election could lie be entitled to their obedience.

It simply remains then to enquire whether Louis has abided
by the ttnas of the compact, and therefore remains KiVQ . of
THE French; or whedier he has infringed them, and therefore
lost all legitimate claim to the Crown ? Really we almost blush
at being driven to ask such a question. We take its necessity
as an ominous proof of the disregard of all honour, all principle^

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193 LegUbmOeSovireign^

sll morality, with respect to political mattem, and dM i
ness of the most solemn engagements. Has this King dt
factoj from the moment in which he landed on the French soil,
to the present time, thought, spoken, or acted, as if he were
animated by a due sense of the mode of conduct becoming his
station ? Has he issued a single Proclamalion or published one
Decree, in the preamble and signing of which he des^nates
himself by thai title by which alone he could be recognised aa
Sovereign ? Has he ever styled, does he at the peseni aaoment
style, himself King of thb Frbnch ? Do his adherents ever
style, have they ever styled, him by that denomination ? On the
contrary, does, he not now subscribe, has he not always siibi-
acribed, himself, ^^Lcmisy by the Grace of God, King qf France
and Navafrey &c. ?" And do his partizans ever deviate, have
they ever deviated, from the form of self-designation he chose
to establish to himself ? No— no-^no !-*And what is the eok
inference to be drawn from this flagrant and fundamental in-
infringement of the Compact between the Senate and himself?
Since his only title to the throne rested in the chdce, and Im
punctilious obedience to its accepted injunctions ; did not hk
virtual abdication commence at the instant he ventured to de«
pert from the Letter of the Constitution — ^thc letter, we sa^
because we think that a permitted and unpunished violation of
tlie words of any compact will create a considerable chance of
its violation in spirit. Is this, or is it not, an axiom ot the
English Law ) Does not a flaw in an indictment explode tlft
whole of the proceeding. And if this is allowed as just In pri-
vate concerns, and in cases aflecting individuals only, bow
much stronger its necessity, its justice how much more prcNui-
nent and important, in afiairs of such magnific and mighty
moment as that we are now discussing.

Let us bring the case home to ourselves: let us ask English-
men how they would regard such a rupture of a solemn bond
in which they were one of the parties ? We will suppose
that the Pretender to the British Crown had so far succeeded
m his attempt to recover its possession, as to be accepted, nol
as an Hereditary Monarch, not as the Representative of the
Stuarts, nor as the occupier of tkmr throne, but as an elected,
a Legitimate King : King of thb English, we will suppose ;
binding himself under that title, to the special observance of
certain conditions, whose acceptance by him was the pledge of
his electiony — ^the word restoration ^*ou1d be foolish and inap-
plicable. Suppose him arrived in England,— H>f course in the
character of a *^ King such as the Laov, i. e. the Act of Election,
makes Mm'' — and then imagine him sending forth a Decree, or

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L^iHmate Soeeteigaty* IM

Proehmation, witoessing the assumption of another title than
that prescribed to him by the Law. Would not the universal
English Nation regard such a measure as a tacit but positive
abdication ? And would it not instantly put on its armour, and
place itself in a posture to insist upon its fulfilment, as the only
mean of preventing the gradual destruction of their Constitution^
distinctly and alarmingly announced by so serious and main a
Iffeach ? Assuredly it would^ or it could no longer have any
pretension to the name of a free and enlightened people^ go*
vemed by the principles of law^ justice^ and legitimacy.

What, then, is the inevitable deduction from the premises w«
have, and, we think, fairly and irrefutably estabUshed?
That,«r-without taking, into consideration the various other
violations of the.compact between the Senate and Louis,-^hia
assumption of the Title, <^ Louis by the Grace of God, King of
France and Navarre," operated to his legitimate exclusion
from the French Throne ; and that having no legal claim to the
crown but that conferred upon him by the Act of Elbction,
and having broken, by his infringement of the terms of that
Act, his sole pretension to the allegiance of the French People—*
Hc/ Louis Stanislas Xavier Capet is not, and never has been^
any thing more than King de facto.

This leads to the question who is the Sovbrsign db juri
of the French People? Were that question put to us, most cer-^
iainly and seriously should we answer — ^The Emperor Napo'-
LBON. Raised to the Throne by the Rbgistbrbd Votes of the
Nation, never having been deposed by his Electors, he is, le-*
gaily speaking, as completely and legitimately the Impbrial
Sovbrbign of the French as were his mighty and transcendent
genius now steering the vessel of the state. His First Abdication,
the result of the unfortunate termination of a war into which
he entered for the avengement of a breach of Treaty,* it would
be vulgarly-ridiculous to bring forward as an argument against
our position : the Allies not being his electors, be could by
no Treaty with them resign a diadem with whose bestowal
they had no concern. His Second Abdication being condi*
tional, and the condition^ not having been observed, is, as we
understand his Imperial Majesty to have expressed in a State
Paper delivered by him to the English Envoy on board the Bel-
lerophon, wholly void and nugatory.

We have dilated to such an extent upon the important ques-
tion of Legitimate Sovereignty, as to be compelled to be more
brief than we intended, in our observations on M. DeLa

• The Treaty of TiUi;.

Crit. Rev. Vol. it. August, 1815. 2 B

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194 LegiHiaMe Scvere^mty^

Touche's very subUe and masterly tract. Leas bold and hk*
siavdous than Ls CompU Camotf he is, perhaps, more adapted
for politiGal writing in crises of delicate emergency. It is not
ao proper^ we think, to say that he is an eloquent declaimer, as
tkat he is a sagacious and keen-eyed expositor of the abuses of
the Capetian government. The Campte takes a more direct,
but more dangerous route to his object. M. De La Touefao
prefers a less obvious, but, perhaps, securer line of approach.
The Compie urges his point with the vehement consciousness
of fearless rectitude, M. De La Touche insinuates his 6b<»
jections.

We shall indulge our lead^s with the following extract,, thai
they may be enabled to judge for themselves^ of the inerits of
this expository Address from one of the most enlightened citi*
zens (is HE LIVING?) of France. It relates to t^ vestrictiotts
imposed, in arbitrary defiance of the terms of the Act of £lec«
tion, on the Press, and follows the acute and admirable reflec-
tions of the Author on the wmunal responsibility of the Minis-
ters.

** Lastly^ the King has desieed, that the Press should be
free. That article had not been printed^ when an order was
already issued to the King*s bookseller, to stop the circulation of
every work that might not be agreeable to the Censor9 — ^that is to
say, to every thing which was known to be most basely and
most constantly sold to ministerial despotism — to insolent and
ignorant detractors of every thing useful and generous — to thosa
men^ in a word, who are, as to literature, what airnuchs are in a
seraglio — ^Appointed to guard objects which they cannot enjoy^
they avenge their impotence by exciting trouble and vexation, for
the benefit of their masters.

'' In this respect we certainly might be excused from pushing our
reflections further. It is evident that the constitution is violated,
from this one circumstance alone, that the press is not free. This
violation is an evil so frightful, that it may appear superfluous
after it to enlarge on the humiliating or precarious situation to
which the French nation, in the nineteenth century, is reduced in
that point of view which formerly inspired her with a pride at
once so noble and so just — that of the pre-eminence to which her
literature entitled her. When public liberty is crushed by the
violation of that chart which assured it to us, is it meet to de-
plore the debasement of literature ? Do men think of the loss of
their jewels, when their honour and their lives are in danger ?

" Besides, those who have taken the pains to defend the rights
of genius and of thought, consecrated so well by the engagements
of the Monarch, and who have so ably supported those rights with
all the power of courage and talent, have taken up only the
weaker side of the question. We are not all of us men of letters*
namely, we who make an outcry for the liberty of the press, but

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9^' are all of VB citizens and subjects of the stftte. ' Our literature
mi^ht constitute our pride and riches^ but a constitution, aacredfy
maintarned for all, would have cdnstituted our ha{^ne6a and
tranquility. The liberty of the press guaranteed to us everf
thinj^ which renders life happy and agreeable. It secures to us
our properties — our honour— our lives, and the punishment of any
man who would in;ike an attempt against any one of those bless-
ings. The privation of that guarantee delivers us over, as brute
"be^i^tfl, to the chains and scourges of our keepers. I am very
eager, doubtless thnt men would behold in me the wretched wish
to tilot over a few sheets of paper when I claim the liberty of the
press only against defamatory brigands, who for six francs would
butcher any one who might have the honour to incur the dis-
pleasure of the tyrants in whose pay they are ! I like to be told
tiypocritically that I may write a book of three hundred and
iwenty pages, when I have occasion only to utter these word^^

XILB MiNISTBBS HAVE VIOLATED THE CONSTITUTION.** M.

Aet. XII. — Tlie MtMnonary ; a Poem. By W. L. Bowles. Seeomd
Edition, corrected and enlarged* Pp. 199. Murray. 181^.

Absolutely, this is one of the sweetest little poems that we
remember to have lately perused. Little we call it, not from
Its length, which would render the term inappropriate | but
from the lightness of its general composition. Its author has
leen long known to the public, his poetical abilities have re-
ceived the award of their admiration, and the work now before
us, while it evinces Mr. Bowles's talent in the, to him, unusual
province of rhymed verse, is entitled to their approbation for
the ingenuity of its fable, the beautiful simplicity of its lan-
guage, and the sound excellence of its moral.

The story is founded on the defeat of a Spanish general, and
tJie destruction of his army in Chili, in the early part of the
sixteenth century, by the hardy and never thoroughly- subdued
inhabitants of that wild and sequestered region. Gorged with
the blood and plunder of Mexico and Peru, the ferocious in-
"vaders next directed their desolating march toward Chili, in the
expectation of a triumph as complete as that which attended
their former abominations. But the want of cities in whjch
they might fix their quarters, the small extent and iiTcgularity
of the cultivated ground, the diseases to which they were ex-
posed, the incessant labour of cutting roads through the woody
wildernesses, and the precariousness of subsistence, — these,
wding the unconquered and immitigable enmity of the natives,
threw the most depressing obstacles in the way of the intruders,
^d have always prevented their descendants from establishing

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196 BmWs TftisBumafy.

and retaining the dominion of this fertile md interestbg divi*
slon of Southern America.

The expedition of Baldivia, or Valdivia, into this perilous re- i

?ion, and the overthrow of his army by the patriotism of an I

ndian Captive, who served that person in the capacity of page,
form the ground work df Mr. Bowles's elegant poem. The
subject, though chronologically and locally remote, is certainly
animating, and worthy the adornments of poetry. The Chilesc
remain to the present day an independent race ; and the trium-
phant opposition of an undisciplined and half«armed people to
adversaries trained in all the arts of European warfore, is surdj
a theme of lasting and legitimate admiration; At once a re-
proach and encouiBgement to more civilized nations, who view
tiieir country overrun by hordes of foreign military slaves, and
yet keep the avenging sword in its scabbard, the revival of such
raspiring deeds; which, while they form disgraceful contrasts
with the enslaving apathy of polished states, do yet hold up in
brilliant colouring, the stimulus of victorious conflict with the
invading robbers, must ever be gratifying to the advocates of
liberty, — such as is enjoyed by the freest people of the world.

The scene of action is perfectly new, and sinralarly attrae*
tive*— a paradise, till now, unvisited by the English Muse. Na-
ture, in the N^w World, carries on all her operations on a plan
of vastness and beauty, but partially rivalled by her Asiatic
' continent : and in the scenery of Southern America she has
poured forth her gifts of richness and luxuriance with a bounty
utterly inconceivable but by the enthusiasm of imagination.
Mr. Bowles, therefore, in the selection of his scene of ac-
tion, must be considered as at once bold and fortunate. To
describe with case, grace, and vigour, a landscape entirely no-
vel, is only to be achieved by abilities that can proportion their
efforts to the task of their choice ; and since it must be to the
lireliness of fancy that they chiefly trust for the faithfulness of
their descriptions, the very adventuring upon such new ground
pre-supposes the possession of talent conscious of its strength.
In the conception and delineation of his characters, Mr,
, Bowles has been eminently successful. The lofty confidence
^f the Spanish chief, his mind brooding over schemes of unde-
fined grandeur, and aspiring to unlimited and independent rule
over the vast and fertile regions just opened to his ambition,
and tiie stem and unaltered dignity of his deportment when all
these glowing speculations have dissolved in defeat, are ener-
getically pourtrayed, and form a very finely-drawn picture of
the favourable side of the character of a Spanish commander df
the sixteenth century. Lautaro, the Indian captive^ and page

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to ValfKvia; inenerating the saviour of his life^ but detesting the *
oppressor of his country, affords an interesting view of the
struggle in a noble mind between the exposing sentiments of
gratitude and patriotism. Attaeapac, the father of Lautaro, is
an aifecting and dignified representation of the parent stricken'
to the heart by the loss of his son, and the hero -who half forgets
bi&owQ deep affliction in the contemplated redress of his coun*
try's wrongs. The feminine gentleness of the lovely and hap*-
less Olola, Lautaro's sister, is depicted with touching simpli-
city, and the character of the Missionary, the purity of his
devotion, his abhorrence of the sanguinary atrocities of his
countrymen, and his universal and unwearied benevolence^
strongly reminded us of the illustrious Las Casas, from whom
we think it not improbable that Mr. Bowies took the hint of hie
'diaritable confessor.

The moral, never to be too strongly insisted upon in this age
of mad usurpation and illegitimate government, is, and^ ever
will be, a sublime, and soul-cheering, and uncontradictaUe
aapom:

A NATION ANIMATED WITH THB JLOVB OF LlBBRTY^ CAS
NEVER BB CONQUBRED.

The poem is divided into eight cantos. The first opens with
a. splendid description of the scenery in the neighbourhood of
Chillau, a Chilese vulcano, and proceeds to relate the distress
d an Indian Chief, who, several years previous to that in which
the events of the poem are supposed to happen, has lost his soil
in a nocturnal incursion of the Spaniards, and been lately de*»
prived of his daughter,-^he maiden, absorbed in the indul-
gence of air hopeless passion, having wandered from her fa**
ther's home. He is roused from his mournful meditations hf
the appearance of a scout, who informs him of the approach
of Valdivia, and summons him in the name of his brother-chiefs
to attend a midnight consultation with the priests of the coun*
try, for the purpose of sanctifying the coming war. Then fol*
lows the assembling of his warriors, and his solemn address te
the Sun in their presence, in which, after lamenting tiie sup-
posed death of his son, he declares his stern determination to
perish or conquer in the approaching conflict. The sqen«
changes to Valdivia's camp in the Bay of Caracalla. Night
has advanced oyer the heavens, and the army is wrapt in slum-
ber, all but Lautaro— indulging in sad reflection on the fate of
his father, and lamenting the misfortunes of his country.

Thb Sbgond Canto brings before us the Grenius of the
Andes, <^ a shadow stem and sad,*' who from the^peak of the
9aow<?cladChimborazo^ summons the Spirits of Fire from.thdr

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191 BmM$ MgAmmy'^

viikanie eavernt to assist the Chilese in the appinMiching odb«
test. The break of morning discovers Vddiyia marshalling his
forces in all the pomp and pride of military splendoor, and
glowing with the anticipated success of the pending war, and
schemes of future grandeur. While his mind is occupied with
these proud visions, he asks Lautaro whether he thinks his nn-
Mined, undisciplined countrymen capable of withstanding the
well*appointed and veteran bands of Spain? The Page re-
apectfolly, but firmly, replies, that the invaders of Mexico and
Peru have indeed given too many proofs of their sanguinary
prowess, but that ^^the rude dwellers'' oi Chili are resokite in
defence of their homes and rights,

*' And the last spot they lose, will be their grave!"

Valdivia, with haughty resentment, motions him to retire, and
Lautaro repairs to the hermitage of Anselmo, the Missionary,
who soothes with religious comfort the troubled mind of tb^
magnanimous and disconsolate youth.

Canto the Third is partly occupied with the history of Obt
Missionary, related by himself to Lautaro*

In his early youth Anselmo became deeply enamoured of a
beautiftil maklen, Leonora. He won her affections, and was on
thii verge ^ef securing her hand, when he was arrested by order of
th^ iNauvsrrioiff. Immured during five years in the dark and
damp dungeons of diat infernal tribunal, at the end of that period
th^ discovery of a secret passage oflcrs him the means of escape*
He issues from his subterranean cell into light and liberty. His
attachment to Leonora leads him to the church where he first
beheld her beauty, and he arrives just in time to witness her
mnion with another suitor. His wan and wasted coantonance
is recognized by the bride with a shriek of horror, and Anselmo
Ytfsbe9 forth in agony from the church. His hopes blasted and
Iris heart withered, he assumes the cowl ; and during thirteen
years abode in a monastery of Madrid, endeavours to forget
fcfts^ griefs" in the duties of devotion and charity. His pro-
fessional avocations at length lead him to the dying couch of her
who hskd been the first, the only object of his love, and whom
lye flow finds reduced almost to a shade by sickness and sorrow^
'nie recognition is nratual and mournful. Her confes^on ex-*
plaint to Anselmo the cause of her fencied treachery, and his
own crnel imprisonment. Her guardian, an avaricious Inqui*
sitor, determined upon her marriage with a more wealthy lover
than Anselmo, and to ensure it, procured the incarceration of
Ihe latter, spread the report of his death, and threatened th'a
life' of Leonora if she he»t«ted to comply with bis wishes*

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Thus MsaSed, she gave her reluctant and mclMicholf coDsent

to an imion her kwt detested-— and became wretched for life;

One daughter, Indiana, was the fruit of thift disastrous mar-*

riage, and the last request of the expiring hidy to Anselmo is

the assurance of his protection to the joung and ipnocent or«»

phaB. He promises to watch over her with the tenderness of

a father^ and Leonora's last hour is the happiest which for

tlmteen years she had enjoyed. After the performance of the

fimeral rites, he quits for ever the land where for so long a pe^

riod he haA met with nothing but misfortune, and, with Indiana^

proceeds to the New World, where> meeting witl^ the youth-r

ful captive, to whom he relates the story of his sorrows, and

cMvmed with his blooming promise, he encourages the mutudi

passion of his fair ward and Lautaro, and at length tastes in

dieir nuptials all that he can know of earthly felicity.

At the conclusion of his sad history, the amiable and poui
Missionary is approached by a train of Indian converts, who^
with their wives and children, have come to beseech his Mess*
ing previous to his departure with the army of Valdivia. The
lemainder of this Canto is taken up with a very beautiful scen^
between the hermit and the Spanish minstrel, by name Zarinel^
the merits of which we have neither time nor space to discuss^
and therefore must content ourselves with stating that it relates
to Zarinel's seduction and subsequent desertion of a fair In-*
dian maid, to whose kindness he was indebted for the preserva-
tion of his Hfe, and in whose inanimate person, Lautaro, in the
Sixth Canto, recognises his betrayed and injured sister^ 01ola«
With the remaining Cantos we must be briefer than we could
have wished. It is but seldom, thanks to the profusion of
* verse and the paucity of poets, that we have to express r^ei
at the compelled abbreviation of our analysis.

Thjb Fourth Canto emlmices the assembling of the Indian
warriors in the consecrated groves, and their deliberations on
the conduct of* the war ; terminating witli the capture, by a
band of Chilese, of Indiana, whose fate CaupoUc^ declares to
hang on the issue of the coming battle.

Canto thb Fifth relates the release of Indiana by her hus--
band's unknown, wandering, and distracted sister ; the solitary
consultation of the Chilese Cazique, Ongolmo, with the Great
Wizard; and the exultation of the Genius and Spirit of thcs
Andes over the death-prophecied destruction of the Spanish
battalions encamped and slumbering in the valleys beneath.

Canto the Sixth describes the arrival of Valdivia at the city
<* Penco, and his feast for " Chili Conquered.'^ The poet
ften proceeds to detail the insaiuty and death of Olola.-—

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Driveo to despair by* the faase . tr^tment of Zarinely she waiK
dered from the roof of her father^ and roamed over the rocks
aiKl through the woods in hopeless, cheerless, misery, till home
down by the weight of her afSiction, madness seized upon her
brain. The course of her unwitting wanderings at length leads
her to a wild cave on the sea^shore, near Penco, and to that so-
litary recess Lautaro, who has lef t Valdivia's banquet to indulge
xeflection in the cool silence of the night, is attracted by the
wild and melancholy tones of a conch : — ^he approaches, and ac-
costs the wretched maiden, so changed by woe, that in

'[ Her high cheek-bones, and hollow eyes,"

he can discover no trace of the once lovely and happy 01ol|t.
As he advances to take her hand, she darts from him toward
the sea, though not till the pronunciation of her name at the
close of a sad and heart-breaking song suggests to him the idea
that the unhappy being who has just flown from him, is - the
sister with whom, in his infancy, he sported at the feet of his
father. Rendered wretched by this harrowing thought, he yet
vainly pursues the steps of the fugitive, and roams aloag the
betfch during the whole night in the hope of once more meetmg
the poor suffei^er. Morning unfolds the catastrophe. The cold
and breathless corse of Olola is cast upon the sands at the feet
of her seducer, who has walked forth to enjoy the coolness of
the sea-breeze. He knows the face — and repents— too late —
of his base return of an atlection so tender and devoted. Re-
cognizing his sister by a mark beneath her breast, and discover-
ing in Znrinel her betrayer, he is preparing to slay him, when
his hand is arrested by the approach of the Missionary-^-and re-
questing his pious and aged friend to pay the last duties to the
cold remains, departs — "to weep!" Zarinel professes his
deep contrition, obtains the father's absolution, and the body
is then interred by liimself and Ansel mo.

Canto the Sbvjsnth — describes the march of the Spa-
niards to the Valley of Arauco, where the Indians have already
arrived : then follows the battle, in which it is Lautarp's good
fortune to save the life of his father. It terminates in the defeat
and destruction of the Spanish army. — ^Valdivia and Uie Mis-
sionary being the only two who are made captives, all. the rest
being slaughtered by the overwhelming numbers and fury of
the Chiiese, who thus supply the want of discipline and £u-
ropean arms.

C^NTo THE Eighth opens with the description of the Feast of
VicTORV. Then follows a pathetic scene between Latrtaro and
his wounded father, who expire^ shortly after. In vsuif Lautaro

m. )i

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pleads for the fife of VaNKviay who is smote to the earth hy
the club of HarrsTtomae, one of the asdembkd Chiefii. The
Missionary is saved. Itidiana, who after her liberation by
Olola, had again been captured by the Chilese patriots, is re-
stored, with her infant, to Latttaro. The ftineral of Attacapac
is celebrated with Indian hononrsj and sapctified by Christian
irites, and the whole is finally wound up by the pious Anselmo^
who, after predicting the uiUFersal extension of th^ blessings c^
Christianity, bursts: out into a high-toned and glowing panegy-
ric of that scorn of foreign dominioii which

'' Finding Chili J^ree, hath kept her Sb :'*

a ^panegyric which, we trust, will be more generally iperited.
Mr. Bowles's peculiar application of it, by prophecy, to Spain,
wr do mi akogetiier approve. Thestru^jgle of Ihat brave ^pe^
ple-«was it for any thing beyond a choice of masters ? And
their success^— has it not established as the Ruling Monster, a
Hydra composed of the foult of Claudius, the cruslty of
Cauqula, and the bigotry of Philip the Sbconp? — Spain-
Weep for thy triumphs I Lament thy defeats ! The beams
ef victory, have gilt the brow of Inquisition ! The repulse ef
iky iBvaders has fiUed thy dungeons with their conquerors !

We have given our opinion bf the distinguishmg merits of
Mr. Bowles's Poem. They are considerable, and we regret
that our limits will not allow us to give mbre than one instance
of the justice of por reforU We select tUe meeting of Lautaro
and his wife after the batde. .

" She rais'd her head j his eyes first met her view-
As round Lantaro's neck her arms she threw,
" Ah, no!" she feebly spoke; " it is not true!—
*' Jt is some form of the distempered brain f*'—
Thtn hid her fisce upon his breast again.

'' Dark flashing eyes, terrific, glar*d around }
B^ete, his brains scatter'd by the deadly wound.
The Spanish chief lay, on the gory ground.
With low'ring brows, and mace yet dropping blood.
And clott^ hair, there Mariantu stood.
Anselmo here, sad, yet in sorrow mild,
Appear*d : she cried — *' a blessing on your child,"
And knelt, as slow reviv*d her waking sense.
And then, with looks aghast, " O bear us hence !"—
Now all the assembrd chiefis, assenting, cried,
** Live, live ! Lautaro and his beauteous bride !'*
With eager arms Lautaro snatch*d his boy.
And kts8*d him in an ^gony of joy ;
Then to Anielmo gave^ who strove to speak.
And felt the tear first burning on her cheek :
Crit. Rbv. Vol^ II. Jitgurt, 1815. 2 C

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, ,T)ie iQ&nt hdUL kis neck with strict eipbnic^j^T
^ . And kisB'd his pale emaciated face.

" From the dread scene, wet with Valdivia's gore>
tlifl wan apd trembling charge Lautaro bore.
. There was a bank» where slept the summer-light,
A. small stream whispering, went in mazes bright^—
And stealing from the sea, the western wind
. Way'd the magnolias on the slope inclin'd :
The woodpecker, in glittering plumage green.
And echoing bill, beneath the boughs was seen }
And, arch'd with gay and pendant flow'rs above^
The floripondio* its rich trellis wove.
X^utaro watch*d with looks of love and joy
O'er his yet trembling wife and beauteous boy."

MONTHLY CATALOGUE.

\ . TftEOLOGY.

i^am.lS.'^A Letter to the Right Reo.tke Lotd Bi$kap of Idmcobil^ 0m

* th€ Smbjoctof ihe Atiadc nuxdM. by hkJjord$kipiiponytheBriimh amd

Fcmgu Bible Society, m hi$ recent Charge to hie Clergy, ^Bym

.. Oerkal Member (^the Society. Pp. 5S. Bakiwin & Co. !&!».

Thb writer of this Letter is a very sensible and clear-sighte^
person. He approves himself an able champion of the cause hfi
undertakes to defend, and an argumentative repell^r.pf theaspeiv
sions which have be^i^ cast upon it. The facts he addupeg , speak
powerfully to the point in question, — ^his reasoning and .deductions
are sound and conclusive, — and the language, for the. juost pait^
bears the stamp of a well-educated mind*

The Charge of the Bishop of Lincoln, which gave rise to tlu«
address, has not yet met the public eye in an authentic shape ^. l^ut
the substance of it has found its way into the daily prints. The
author, therefore, very properly observe^, that ** his remarks musi
be confined to the document before him^" (the public statement just
mentioned) " and can be considered as bearing no farther upon his
Lordship, than he" (the Bishop) '' may be answerable for the'seh-
tinnents contained in the paper/* In this document the Bishop is re-
presented to have said, that " he deeply regrets to obserre that
many of the Clei^ of his diocese have become members of the Bri-
tish and Foreign Bible Society, when they might have obtained every
advantage they there sought, from the Society for promoting Chris-
tiad.Knowledge, whose principles and practice have been long tried.

« f.< One of the mod bcautifiil of the hewitifol **i^>V»pj plwts of South
Amenca,**

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MontIi1yCata]ogTie---!t^%>gjf. SOS

¥ ♦ ♦ ♦ ♦ That "lie considers the constitution of llie Able So-' .
ciety to be rery dangerous to tbe established religion, find to tike
orthodox principles of those who attend its meeting, as it admits
members of any creed, and of no creed." * * ♦ * And that " it
is most absurd and unaccountable, that they who pray Sn their
liitiirgy to be delivered from false doctrine, heresy, and $chmt, should
unite in religious associations with those who publicly avow thc^
falsest doctrines, the most notorunts heresies, and the most determined
schisms as strange would it be (says his Lordship) to see loyal
Britons forming a political association with, or furnishing money
Jtnd arms to, those whom they knew to be exciters of sedition^
abettors ofprhfy conspiracy, and promoters ofrebefBon."
. These are the principal objections reported to have been urged
by the Bishop of Lincoln against the British and Foreign Bible
Society. Want of room compels us to omit many of the answers :
but we cannot forbear to present to the reader, the manly and
Biatterly vindieatioD «f iht Spcdtty fcom the pecnliariy iUibaral
chairges contained in the last sentence.

" Tour Lordship*' (says the author) " speaks of our 'uniting
in re^gkms assodatkms* with avowed heretics and schismataQS;
and in Mioh associations, it would seem> as imply * giving to thefli
the rigJU h0nd~of.j^Mf0^, or co^pemtion.' Pardon me, my
Lond, if I ask, is not your Lordship here making (no doiib4» un*
d^Biga/edly) axk uafiin^ad vantage of ambigupot terma? Whea wa
bear of entering into '>^ligious associatioifis* with persons, we« of
course, understand associations calculated to promote some certaia
religious views and objects, in which the parties associating feel a
particular interest. When we hear of ' coroperating' witfi here-
tics and schismalics, we naturally understand it to mean co-eipa*
rating with them in their heretical and schismatical character, a^d
fbr.4he.|iirtberance of ^eir heresy and schism. But afkr wbalt
\sm hem said, nothing need be added to show, how far sucb ia
from being the case here. With their partic^h&r principles, w^
fiave nothing to do ia the Society. They nevepr <^me into view.
We unite with such persons only in their ge;ieral character of prot*
ftsse^ ttelievcrs ia 4he Bible, and only for a specific object, which
ys commop to all Christians. So fiur from * co-operating* with
^ir 'fklse doctrines' and 'schismatical' principles and practices,
we must believe that we are directly counteracting them, by tho
dispersion of a book, which is the revealer of all true doctrine^
the detector of all false doctrine, and which alohie lays the basis,
and authoritatively inculcates the preservation of Christianity.**
"t •'♦ ♦*'^ « * *

" In what sense we enter into ' associations' with men of per-
nicious religious principles, has been ju|t explained. But the
'MOWBT AND AIMS,' my Lord, the 'monby and abms' to tkai-
♦o«i ! !' What ia there in the one ease to answer to these terrific
instruments in the other? One is tempted to exdafan, what eaa

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b0 6ome illusion!**

This Letter should he read hy all, who are either prejudiced
agi^fiit, or undecided as to the utility (tf, Bi^e Institutions. We
earnestly hope it will he generally perused* It will he the ^pecia)
dkUy of the tfishop of Lincoln, to calmly and candidly con^der its
cpptentf ^ to we^h he arguments j and to ^ve the puhlichis di^
fstitod opinions upon the ip^portant question at issue. ;

AxT. 14.— Xeiten addm$ed to the ReD. Tkmas Sekkam m thaiF^rt
qf ki$ '' Calm EMauiBT/' which relates to the Hittonoid (jjumAm
reepectmg lie earlf Ophdom concemipg ihe Permm i^Jenu Christy
Sy WiixiAM WaxoHT, formerly of St. Jokn*t GolL Cambddge^
Pp. 67. Johnson and Co.

Althoitob we certainly do not subscribe to the religlouf teneCs
of Mr. Belsham, we yet think that he is an antagonist of no oidir
nary powers. Independent In thought^ calm in investigation, and
luminous in expression, he displays all that str»gth of intellectji
which is characteristic of a man, f^Hj believing the doctrine he ad«
vocates to be tariie, and determined to fortify it with evert esrga^
^ent which in|e^nuity can invent, or dilieenoe bring to light.

The author of the letters before us is by no means demdent in
these qualities. It js true, he opposes Mr. Belsham ; but his op^
position is dispassionate ; — ^he arraigns .the opinions of the Uni«'
tarians; but, in so doing, he neither violates reason, nor loses
flight of decorum 3— ;«nd, though his pamphlet may be said to be^
8 general examination of the view taken of ''the early opinions
concerning the person of Jestis CJhrist" by the $ect of which his
adversary is so distinguished a meniber, rather than a scrutiny of
that pari of the Calm EirauiRY which it purports to call in ques*
tton, it 19 a yeiy candid appeal- to Mr. Belsham, and well entitfed
to his serious consideration. The nrpiments are well selected^
ihe facts adduced are Insisted upon with much address^ and th^
diction is simple, dear, and tempeftite.

Th^ letters form a very good specimen of the manner in whidi
we wish to see all controversy conduct^ j and we fed happy in
Mying> that the author has "perftoiied a ;fery acceptable service to
the cause of the Trinity^ by presenting them to public notice.

AKT,.,1.5.7-^<?crrf DramoM: chie/ty intended, for Young, P^sone, Tk^

"'^fe. To which ii added, Setui^ilt^^
toRB. Nineteenth £dUi(m, with dt
and Co.

3^j(|y Ji^Be has so o£ben sigoalizad hery^ i^ ai) d>le «nd piouf
i^lHii^.t)uyt.>fi; &^ incUaed to view .^J^.v^rfc, l«M|K|||g, hai^

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»^irlkhibM«»ttfaw|mblepiate9t9^^ ThettlMleiimaMii^i
though deriviag the main portioii of their interest feom the.pulNr.
limtty of their themet, are jet umptf fraii^t with evidence of
literary skill aiid cu!tiTati)b« : and, thpugh by no tamtam iht%nid(Ml
for pnhjitc f^preseiKatiiqn, Ifaey idearly evince a thisrrimgh ciMpnM
heaaioA of dnmiatic effect. In number, they ai^ fbnr} tiie lHtia['
«re ** Wo^t/' f»DaviD Awn Goliah/' " IbristtASAB,'* M-
f'SAHHi.;* We quote the flolildq^y of OoHah (in the toeMid|*
|mvio«a 0 Ma defiance of> and conikal with^ David;

OOLIAB.

. , /f Where ialMiaifl^ty Q»xip^^^r who ^laiMs *
. , Accept the challenge of PhiUistia's chief?

What vidor king, what gpn*ral d|W|&ch*d in hlopd^

plaims thia high privilege? Whal are his righto?

What proud credentials does the boaster bring
.To prove his claim ? What cities laid in ashes ?
_ / What rain*d provinces? What slaughtered realms } _' ^ \

What heads of herpes^ and ivhat heafto of kings^

)ii battle kill*d, or at his altars slain,

tfas he to boast ? Is the bright armory
' Thick set with spears and swords, and coats of mail . "^ \.

Of van^uish^d nations, by his single arm

Subdued ? Where is the mortal man so bold>

Sp much a wretch^ so out 6f love with life,
' \, To 4^^ the weight of this uplifted spear,
* ; ^ Which never fell innoxious ? • Yet I swear,
"* I grttdge the glory to his parting soul

To Fall by tliis ri^t hand. Twill sweeten death,

Tp know he had the honour to contend
; With the dread s<Hi of Anak. Latest time

From blank oblivion shall retrieve hi$ name
' Who dar'd to perish in unequal fighs

With Gath's triumphant champion. Come, advande,

PhQlistia's Gods to Israd*s. Soundj my herald**^

Sound for the battle straight/'

' EDUCATION.

Aat. le.'^Exerciaes in latin Prosody and VernficeOkm. P. p. 170.
Longman and Co. 1815.

*" TaasB et^rdSie^ ate arranged under thr^ distinct heads^-*
Oaantity'— Scanning—and Versification; and these are sub-di^
vided Itoto phaj^ters, which elucidate tb6 various branches of Che
vespeetive subjects. In a brief preface it is observed, that '^it
ISirbeen Ihe^desf^ of iS^ aqthoTto ilhistrate, for the use of the
l(r#er aa^ niiddle e^mes/' (of schools) ^^tbe rules of ^uanticy, ttf

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^gvti ii.%rief view of 4iie coosCriMtioii of tlie bexadiMer-:
temeter v^ne, and to point out some of tht meaiiB, by ^wldcli
poetical Lingwftge xoay be broii^t within the measures of regahr
V#(9ification/'

, T\m perusal of ilie book has afforded «s msch satisflEieikm, awl
^lytoaa confidently aay, that, of its kind> it ia of a very superior
4(9acriptioB. With the arrangement we are particalariy pleased;
^.nUes.aie developed with all possible perspicuity, and the ex-
amples are highly appropriate. The author has eridcntly devoieil
Ills chief attention to the subject pf versificaHon ; and by no means
in vain. The manner in which th^ laws of prosody and the con-
stniction of legitimate verse are unfolded and moatrated, wtr
doiinds much to his credit. We recommend these ** Exeraaes"
Ho the psjtronage of all persons engaged in classical education.

Anr. 17.V— S#<ps to Sense Verses; or a Set of Exercises io he remdeni
into Latin Lexameters and Pentameters, For the Use of Scboois,
Pp.60. Law and Co. 1815.

A VBwroh littk assistant to boyjs, ripe for leaimipg |he art and
npystery of Latin versification.

AxT. 18. — Short Greek Exercises, on an imprwed Plan; contahm^
. Ube most useful Rules in Syntax: being a concise Introduction to the
Writing of Greek. By the Rev. J. Ficouot. Pp. 106. Law
0od Co. 1815.

Mb. Picquot well observes in his preKminary remarks, tbst
'^lo understand the works of Homer, Plato, Xenophon, &e. miut
be the aim of every one who lays claim to taste, or whose mind
is opeoLtto the charms of diction; and" that '< this object can be
attained only by means of an intimate acquaintance with the 000-
stmction and genius of the" Greek ''language.** Had modesty
permitted it, he might have added, that his own labours would be
fewkd to t!ontribate much to the success of the student's exertions*
for, certainly, we do not remember to l^ave seen a bpok better
Calculated to render intelligible the syntactical rules of Greek, or
the form and collocation of its phraseology. His plan is extremely
sfraple. After laying down a rule^^ he gives various sentences in*
English, which are to be translated into Greek, according to its
different applications. The single Greek words expressivys of Hk/b
meaning, of a plurality of the English, are placed beneath ;— tbe
words to be omitted are noted ^ — the tenses and cases to be em-
ployed are defined ; — and the ordo verborum is clearly pointed out
Byjoaking use of this book, schoolmasters will be exempted from'
much drudgery.

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(lAf». n^— iMterw an tkedrtofWfiiififf,€omi^ehm^ a VftH^^

\ €)kmnmikm$ on the ImpeOments tohichf rtUifid tkt Ftogre$9 ^jf^tfW

iUam^r; mebidmg e^ brirf History •f the Atftrmd, cOio; ^ llf

MaterktU thai haoe hem in Utefrom the earliat AgB» to iheprMfti

[ .Timet wUkesceUemi Reeapis far mmmfaeturing I^ of f^^

s km$i anilikeioiBeJ^hk>dsofextractmgInkfromPic^

heentariitemttpon* To uthiditB added, eeoenl MmhodstfaequMtf
Inqnrovement m Busmesi Hand-writing, by a peculiar Movemmt-^

s the Pen, cotUaining a curiotu Ckusi/ieation of the Letters of the aU
phubet, and combining the Excellence and uniform Neatness of'Eng^
Ush Manuscript. Interspersed wth a 0reat Number of PlaJtes and
Examples : with full and cc^ious Instructions how to perform the-
same. Second Edition, Dedicated fhy permission) 4o his Rofid
HigJmess the Duke of Sussex. By J. Carstairs, Author cf Tachf-
graphy, or the Flying Pen; Abbreviated ArithinetiCj 8fc. 4fC.—
Pp. 144. Published by the Author.

Aftbr perusing this very long tltle> the reader most be pMtty.
wdl atrare of .the contents of the book. Mr. Carstairs apjN^u*
possessed of considerable ingenuity and diligence, and to bave de-
voted his faculties to the improvement of the art of writing, no
l^ss successfully than meritoriously. We have looked over ti]i
labours with much pleasure 3 and feel authorized in saying, that
our sentiments on the first edition'* of the work are equally appli**
cable to the present.

iCET. ^. — Tachygraphif, or the Plying Pens being an entirely New
Plan of acquiring Improvement in Business Hand-wriiing, by a pecu^
Uar Movement of the Pen, ^c. 8iC. Second E(Ution. DMcafed'to
all the Writing Masters in the United Kingdom of Great Bri/aj»,
Invented and taught by J. Carstairs. Pp. 63. SjpipKiA an4
MarshaU. 1815. ...,...*.

This is a noiore simple e&planation of the pystem, sa aof]^ de«
veloped ia the work just noticed. Persons ambitious of correct*-^
ii^g a viUated style of writing, will do well to consult this little
manual of instruction $ and they whose profession it is, to super--:
intend t&e efBarts of the ypung penft)an;^ilt ftrfd their^laBbuV-
noch diminisbed, by pursuing the plkn it set» I^Tth. '

Art. Stl.^^New Latin Primer, or Companion to Latin' Grammes, In .
Three Parts, By Josrph Guy, Jun. Author of the English School
Qrammar. . Ppr 113. Baldwin and Co. -

The plan of this little primer we cannot say Is remarkable for
novelty. Latin substantives, adjectives, and pronouns, with ar

^ f

• See Crit. Rev. for Mareh, 1314. . ^ % ■ - ; '

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<M ilbiifli»ritrfiigiwii Manmi:

IM^alloii of HbtfAtt^emltiife casea, and rtt\m.\ witii the i
ifens for tlieir ooiuugation, are foi gfiren $ and then the poful is
aei to woKk> to r^nikr aoiae Bngliflh words iato good Latia* ac-
OOBdiog; to tha caae> mood^ or tease in whicb tbcf are vritten.
This is, doubtless^ a proper mode of incukaliiig &e elements of
dasotoil luiowledge i and 00 fiur as utility is concerned, Mr. Ckiy*s
book may rank with any ef a similar nature, with wUeb we are
aftymintfid.

MEDICINE.

AtT. S9. — Nofologpj or Diicam arranged m thar Qatm, Orders,
Genera, and Specks, accuraiely defined* TramkUedfram the LqJ6n
cfmmam CuUen, M.D. late Professor of PAysie m the OntMrst^
of Edinburgh, 4rc. ^c. Aneweorreded Edition, wUh a PortraU if
^:Mfim^ Co&andGo. Ft».8a

Trb name of Culten stands so high in the Bst of madkal lumi-
naries, that wMi work to which it is prefixed must be reoeiyed witii
req>ect and confidence. To the profession we think the ''Noso*
tooy" eminently usefiil. It possesses the two great adrantages
of comprehensiveness and simplicity ; and may be said to place
in the dearest and jostest point of yiew, all that is necessary to
Ae ascertaining of the muuifarious symptoms of disease.

Much literary ability was not requisite to the undertaking of
the translation : little, therefore, is displayed. Of his talent is
original compotttion, the reader may judge finom the following
passage in the dedication, addressed to Mr. Astley Cooper :^-'' Sir,
In sefecUng a gentlemao, under whose sanction this little book
ahould appear,! know of no one,,^nder whose auspices such a
l¥ork can with more propriety be ushered before the public'*
With more propriety than und«^ whose auspices ? — Hian your own,
fhoidd heve been added.

Anv.SS^— GraipBeisii 10 Oie Medidm ChmA, «tt j>tam tbdm far
UMngaaModkifmjm.4hoQnre^Dmases. inaSipleiJwmUiarin
mry CkgMeily. Ay a Mcmier ^ Hie Boyal CoUege if Smgtms,
Imdm. FlftkBditiom,wqfnwedj Fp.^. CoKandCo.

Thav lids is the pteduetiOB of «^ a Member of the Royal College
of Surgeons,** we have some doubts. Tlie following obserration
is scented rather with the selllsh calurany of an empiric, than with
the gentlemanly liberality of a xegnlar practitioner e

«' Several pamphlets sure now extant, professing to direct the
more intelligent part of mankind, nncemieeted with the profession
of physic* to an appnopijale juethodof compounding and applying^

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u^^e is sufiicienttQ slvs^^ even to the most uolauiied.ki ti^
cience^ how defective au4 inadequate tJUey are to a«fcbi.«J9r^nd**'i'>9

The inslnu ition, too, here conveyed, that this manual conta^iii
t ftlnd of precious knowledge, ani supplies a desideratum, whicft
file Jndiv/try of the m^diciir world has hitherto been incompetent
lb'farili»h, — ^^Is pecuharly offensire j .and is-a proof, by inference, of
an ignorince and arrogance, which are only to be found in vencferfc
of nostrums and specitics. _ . ^^ ^ .- ...

LAW.

\bt. 94.^1^ \£dip o^{^arr{<^sy'h^ jf^ar^ousemen, and other

* 'DVpdsi/oH^i cf GoQciy/ur hire. By Henkx Jerbmx, Esq. pf the

• JfiatfAJ 7*«jple: Cl^p-ftV' 1815.

No species of imposition oiTDhe puMic called niore fanj^io^ly
or redress, than ^the frauds and delays of Civrriers. Not. many
'ei^Ts' i^^ttS ramugfe. of parcels, an j' more particularly o/*game
ndHChftsfmas ^presents, was unc rtain and oftv n grievous : coach-
aeb, guartfr* bstfers,' clerks, &c. &c. (gentlemen, of respectability^
1tMab>fes*,7 cdftsjpiririg against our comforts in th'^dpuLle capacity
V pilferers^ ftncF extortioners. A salutary l^w, however^ at longtfi
'rHeclfeWWfts^ abuses, by imposipg severer punishments upon sucl|
lelinqu^n^; This act of tho legislature cannot be too muph pt<!P
itfulg^ed^; itn^ 3^e thinly Mr. Jeremy for. his clejif and >nipl«i ^.Xr*
pdsitidn bf-ils Varions claiises.*^ ... • / .. , r - -l

^ vG%T%%: : ■;..■• .; ':,

Art. 96.— ii FwHcal Hlttofy of England, vbriif^'for fKe t^qf'ffiS

-^Yvung Ladies ^stueated eU -Itoihffufy^Home ScfAot; md dedffafe^ (ir

them. Pp. 154. Law and Whitaker. l8\Bf ':-^ '^'i - ' ---

The writer (we could have wished to allude to him by name)
of this poetical, historical, epitome, with much diffidence ob-
8ervafl,v;lb«i:'it» is^ a rejfrf juveiiTO^^pVo(ti6ti*i,tW'W«tiftn5^ R^
lei9llllB;^houI's, and merely ilrt^n\|fcrt^<9r5ft^Ji«€^^ 'tli#^j()(i(Hl!^ *at
B«lib^ury Hott^dtschool ^ hm. Viat)'^«^ «'r#^/<^o{|l|l9'^«Pere Idi^d
iQConvealdnir4tmr^ cMiT^litedbtOPV^ flKi^^llNl.'lharYt^^ de-
signed %imply, to imprvsp c>rilhe.min<|,,(\r j^Ytp^CTPjCi %k^ing
fefttufes dfEngllMi nlstotyl Tl^e^wtitcM-^unir^r^Sit^cu-cjuiia^t^
djJpreddtes'tipillciim, and 4'ish^ lYic j^forfe jU/jJi^^' cojfSiderey a^ a
tk^^ rtoi a« i poeihi \h^ vir^c as lhe>ehicle |or^ tljje subjec^^nbtl
the subject as the vehicle* ifot" die verse". . '* ^ ^ ^
^ The^iost remarkabls erei^te invih«. hi«U>rf ol;£Q^a]idaradt:otti-
prised .iti this .little voljum^^ iii,:Yef«e oi nom€9A in«asare^o«

Crit. JIbv. Vol, II. August, 1815, 2D

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210 Monthly Catalogue— Pae<9>y.

has so long been introduced into schools. Poetry is sweeter to
the youthful mind ; it is learned with avidity, and is more calcu-
lated to become fixe^ in the memory during life. To young peo-
ple of both sexes, this is an estimable present. We select the de-
scription of the famous battle of Cressy, and the victory gained
about the sam > time by Queen Philippa over the Scotch^ who
treacherously invaded England during Edward's absence.

'' The spot for ever shall be dear to fame.
And British he:irts shall glow at Cressy's name.
Arms glittering t-iro' the dust, soon mark the track,
AVhere six score thousand Frenchmen lead the attack 5
Each now beholds opposinir force, and straight.
The exulting French, with four fold force elate.
Onward commence the attack : — firm as a rock
In calm suspence, the British wait the shock.
First the French bowmen spend their wsted strength
In showers of arrows at too distant length,
^Vhile till the Gallic weapons fall around.
The English archers keep unmo v'd the ground 5
Nor through the air their deadly arrows fly,
Appaird their foes retreat, or wounded die.

Now from the centre round on every side
The battle rages j — Gallia's ranks divide ^
In pour the British : — ^mnrk their first defeat.
And see the youthful Prince sustain the thickest heat.
Fresh legions charge j — again the armies close-^
Again the British paralyze their foes.
The French reserve attacks. Britannia's king.
Who posted near, unmov'd, reserv'd his wing.
Beholds the unequal combat : none afraid.
He deems the conquest sure, nor lends his aid.
But nobly answers : * Since the day is won,
I will not share the glory with my son.*

The royal word with pride the soldiers hear.
And quick respond with a triumphant cheer.
********

While thus the King abroad wide conquest spread -,
The Queen at home twin'd laurels for his head.
Revolting Scotland arm'd her vengeful band.
And rush'd impetuous to despoil the land :
But Queen Philippa soon destroyed their boast,
Captur'd their King, and overthrew his host."

Akt. £(>.— .Owfwn, a Turkish Tale, Pp. 48. Hamilton. 1815.
An imitation of Lord Byron, by '' a young gentleman scarcelff
eighteen years of age,** is entitled to every indulgence from the

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Monthly Catalogue-— Poefrj^. 211

critic. The peculiarities of the Noble Minstrel are of that kind
which are strikingly adapted to kindle in the juvenile bosom^ the
flame of romantic enthusiasm ; and even his lordship^s errors have
so much attractive daringnoss and are exhibited in such seducing
colours^ that their effect on the young and inexperienced mind is
scarcely a suSject of surprize^ we might add> of regret: for the
opinions pf-a>vouth on speculative points can hardly deserve se*
, rious attention^ and it is almost certain that he himself, will cor-
rect, in his maturer years, the mistakes of his adolescence.

The story of Osman may be briefly cold.

The hero, of course, as handsome^ brave, and virtuous a youth
as ever breathed, from his infancy the playmate, becomes in his
riper years, the devoted lover of Leila, the daughter of a Turkish
£mir, called Hassan. Previous to demanding her hand in mar-
riage, he takes a journey through foreign lands. On his return
lie finds Leila united to'Selim, a dashing Musulman, ''wealthy —
young," and of " tall and noble frame" — rbut withal possessing
a tolerable share of pride, envy, guile, and other heroic etceteras.
Osman, enraged at the success of this interesting gentleman,
challenges him. They engage in deadly fray. Osman remains
victorious, but his wounded rival employs a diabolical artifice to
circumvent. He implores Osman to procure him a draught of
water to cool his fevered lips, and the generous youth hastens to a
neighbouring stream to fulfil this request. He returns with the
water in his *' casque" : (we knew not till now that the Turks
wear helmets,) and kneels down by the side of Selim to present
the refreshing element ; the villain quaffs, but in restoring the
casque to Osman, takes the opportunity of planting his dagger in
the bosom of bis unsuspecting enemy-^and expires. Osman's
death quickly ensues, and Leila, unable to bear the sorrowful
tidings, follows him to the grave.

The execution of the poem is highly creditable to the author,
and not unfrequently reminds us of the style of his prototype.
The description of a Grecian evening is powerful and picturesque.

*'Tiseve — and o'er fair HeUes* winding spray
Fast sheds the Delphic god his parting ray.
And in those tides which unregarded lave
His own domain, prepares his golden grave ;*
Tinged with the last receding gleams of light.
In radiant splendour glows each pine-capt height :

* '< This idea has unintentionally been taken from Moore. I was not aware of
it till very recently— when opening one of his volumes, his quarto of 1806, 1
found the expression in nearly the same form adopted before me. The dilficulty
of distinguishing between invention and memory is so great, that 1 trust tlie
goodnatured reader wiU admit it as an excuse for any seeming plagiarisms
which may occur in the following tale : as 1 can assure him they are like tlic
above, wholly unintentional.*'

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212 Monthly Catalogue— Pocfry.

And sinking slow on Grargara's * dizzy brow
A fainter tint his feel lor beams bestow.
Soon comes grey twilight on — the fir<.shening breeze
Wafts the sweet fragrance of the orange trees ;
And every passing zephyr on his wings
A thousand varied odours gently brings.
Fast fades from view the well-known Sestian shore.
For Uero*s beacon blazes there no more ;
Though there the star of eve^ with fdacid ray.
Still joys to linger and protract its stay.
And now night gently waves her dusky wing.
And all is hush'd — save where some fountain sfiring
la babbling murmurs greets the listening ear —
For many a fount still sweetly murmUreth there ; —
Or where some tuneful mariner*s guitar
Salutes meek Hesper*s mildly beaming star.
Oft let me rove at eve along this shore.
Where, Greece, thy wisest — bravest — roved before j
Or seated on some parted Heroes mound.
Weep o*er the fetters of this far-famed ground ;
Think o'er the glories of its days gone by.
And pay the tribute of a classic sigh.
Who can forget, that in this mouldering grave
Rest the cold ashes of the Pthian brave ?
Who can foi^et 'twas by yon ruined wall f
Great Hector fell — ^and Homer sang his fall >
Look at yon mountains dizzy peak, that shrouds
His snow-capt head behind impending clouds-—
- 'Tis Ida's hill — ^upon that sacred brow
The Thunderer dwelt — ^where are his glories now }
Gone — ^to Oblivion's torpid arms consigned —
Gone— as the fleeting dust before the wind."

The death of Sdim is related with pathos.

" Far in the chambers of th' empurpled west.

The sun was sinking to his nightly rest —

Bright flashed his ray, and Osman thought that ne'er

His '' parting smile** had seem'd so sweetly fair.

He tracked his course adown the sloping sky.

And watched his progress with an anxious eye ;

But, ere he sank beneath the reddening spray.

His farewell beam illumed a form of clay.

Life waned — ^the glazing eye grew dim — the heart

Forgat to play its wonted throbbing part ; —

• Gargara is the loftiest of the Ideaa chain of mountains. See Owrlte.
t AMudini: to Bonarbashi, now proved by Chauder, Clarke, itfid others, ti
have been the site of << beleagored Ilium."

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Monthly Catalogue— Poetry. 2 IS

Hifl bead sunk down — the struggle's o'er — ^he's gone —
Farewell — ^thou bravest best beloved one,—

And he is gone ! — ^as good — as great—as brave>
As aught of dust that ever passed the grave.
Bright shines the sun — it sparkleth not forhim-^
Joy lights each eye— his sight alone is dim ; —
And though sad Friendship shuddereth at the thought.
And Hope discrediteth— -yet he is nought."

Abt. 91 .-^7%^ Jhtei: a Satiricai Poem, in Four Cantos, with other Poenu. J^
L. O. Shaw. Pp. 147. Baldwin and Co. 1815.

Thb object of this Hudibrastic poem is to bring into contemp
the odious and sanguinary practice of duelling. This alone woul •
be sufficient to make us regard the author with a favourable eye
and incline us to draw up our report of his book with a due atten
tion to the excellence of his motive. But we feel pleasure i
avowing that the intrinsic merits of "The Duel" are sufficient!
respectable to warrant our commendation of it as a spirited iml
tation-of Butler.

kKt, S8. — Sacred Sketches frfm Scripture History, JPy Mrs, Hbnry Rollb
Pp.117. LawandWhitaker. X815.

Mas. Rolle introduces her elegant versification of some of the
most prominent events of the Scriptures' with the following mo-
dest and appropriate Advertisement,

'' At a moment when every exertion is employed in spreading
the knowledge of the Sacred Writings, through all classes of So-
ciety, the Authoress is induced to add her feeble efforts to so good
a cause; perhaps vainly hoping, that by thus dilating some
passages, and clothing them in the alluring garb of verse, she ma}
lead some of the younger part of the community to dwell on thr
beauties of Scripture, and so induce them to search for themselves
This little work, composed in retirement, would never have mei
th€ public eye, but for the above consideration 5 to the candoui
and indulgence of the Public she submits it, sensible that on thai
candour and indulgence must rest her only hope of acceptance."

In so amiable and pious a motive we most cordially give our un
qualified praise, and the manner in which the Authoress has ex
eoated a task so honourable to herself, requires ourcritical appro-
bation. The polished beauty of the verse shews considerable ant
studious reading in the poetical literature of England -, the adven-
titious embellishments evince a pleasing imagination and the sen-
timents are uniformly indicative of a mind that has fully imbibed

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214 Monthly Catalo^e — Poetty.

the spirit of the Sacked Writikgs. " The Annunciation^" w*
think, is a happy example of Mrs. RoUe's poetic facility.

" Through golJen clouds the Sun, descending low.
Has o*er the landscnpe pour'd a crimson glow 5
Rich purple tints o*cr Carmers side are spread.
And the list r .ys still shine on* Tabor's head ',
In low soft notes, the feathered warblers pay
Their last sweet triijute to departing day ;
Yon chrystal brook with soothing murmur glides.
As light, thin mists play on its flowery sides;
The herds and flocks in peaceful groups are laid.
Where lofty cedars spread their solemn shade;
The glowing light shines through yon arch- way tall.
And from those towers the lengthen'd shadows fall ;
As from the field, where now his labours close.
The peaceful swain retires to calm repose.

Beside yon grove appears a humble shed.
O'er whose low roof a clustering Vine is spread;
Its simple wicket's deck'd with fragrant bower.
And round its lattice blooms each beauteous flower^
Behold half veil'd by evening's soften'd light.
What lovely female form now meets the sight !
On her fair cheek youth's brightest roses glow.
Whilst golden tresses shade her neck of snow :
Devoutly rapt, she lifts her azure eyes.
As from her lips sweet solemn notes arise ;
To that fair form each mortal grace is given.
And to her mind, the purity of heaven.

What sudden light around the chamber plays.
As fades each object in its silver rays !
Whilst Eden's fragrant gales arebreath'd around.
And through the air angelic voices sound;
— The light divides! — a godlike form descends.
As the meek maid, in awe-struck reverence, bends;
His glittering wings diffuse divine perfume.
And on his brow celestial roses bloom.
Round his wing'd feet the golden sandals twine.
And his light robes in azure lustre, shine.
Whilst heavenly majesty celestial grace.
Shine in his form and smile upon his face.
As he declares the mandate from above.
And shows the wonders of redeeming love. —

' Hail ! favor'd Virgin ! know, to thee is given
To share the mightiest act of gracious Heaven !
O'er thy pure head, the holy mystic Dove
Shall spread the shadow of celestial love;

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Monthly Catalogue — TVavels — Novels. 215

Chaste as thou art, from thee a Son shall rise^

For mortal sin, the immortal sacrifice!

The spotless Lamb of Go^l, for sinners slain,

0*er Heaven and Earth shall hold his boundless reigrn 5

Heaven's mighty King shall sheath th*avenging sword^

And more than Eden be to man restored !*

Through opening clouds, ascending to the skies^
. Mi(}8t heavenly c boirs, behold the Angel rise !
'A holy rapture all her soul inspires,
S^dj in her heart Faith lights her purest fires.
fiL.' Almighty God !* she cries, • whose love has shed
These gracious f ivors on thy handmaid's head.
Fulfil* the glorious work thou hast b^gun I
Lord ! as in Heaven, on Earth thy will be done!* "

TRAVELS.

Art. 29. — yiTaur through sorne Parts o/lstria, CarmoUtt Siyria, Attstria^ 7%t
Tyrol, Italy, and Sicify, In the Spring 0/ IB 14. By a Young English Met^
chant. Pp.268. Gale and Co. 1815.

The observations made use of in the course of this tour through
countries, some of which are Lut little known beyond their own
boundaries, bespeak a mind determined to think for itself. After
the panegyric which it has been the ftishion to b. stow on the Ger-
man character, since the appearance of Madame c!e Stael's work^
it is rather startling to read of the inhabitints of Vienna, that they
actually are not the most virtuous race of mortals on the face of
the earth.

*' Their morals are of the very loosest kind. A woman marries
only that she may consider herself at full liberty to do what she
pleases. The husband on his side does not scruple to keep other
women publicly, and that often with the consent of his wife.
With such examples before their eyes, much good cannot be ex-
pected from the children.

" The merchant's character does not appear in a very amiable
light. One of their own body said, that there is nothing of which
they would not be guilty to make money. Many offer to do a
commission business for three quarters per cent. Now any one
acquainted with the nature of this business will say, that they can-
not do this honestly."

NOVELS.

Art. 30. — Display, a Tale for Young People, By Jane Taylor.

13mo. Pp. 214. Taylor and Co. 1815.

We cannot view this '^Disphiy" in the most favourable light —
neither can we be induced to beUeve that the principal characters
will gain many proselytes.

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210 Monthly CataIogue-^Not?^b«

A young l^y sets out on the uncertain journey of hfe, like
many other young ladies — to be admired. A regiment^ se garder
demoisselles, marches into the town ; from whieh^ smitten with the
outward form and bewitched by the cockade, epaulette^ and
plume nodding over an empty pate^ our heroine soon selects her
hero. Too soon, alas ! she discovers that his head is not quite so
well furnished within, as it was ornamented witliout, and that he
Was strongly tainted with the general complaint against scarlet —
libertinism. In displaying this propensity, he says to her : —

" ' That Emily what d'ye call her, is a confounded pretty girl !'
' Do you think so/ said the heroine rousing up, ' well she does
look rather pretty in her bonntt.'

' Here the Lieutenant (who, by the bye it appears had just quit-
ted the counter of a linen-draper to strut on the parade) resumed
his walk and his whistle ; but the remark had not a fortunate
effect upon her. The momentary jealousy made him appear sur-
prisingly more agreeable, and worth securing : and while she sat
watcliing him as he paced up and down in the d\isk, she said to
herself : — ' He whistles uncommonly well.* "

Poor girl !

ARf. 31. — Paired — not Matched, or Matrimony of the Nineteenth Cen-
tury, a Novel By Mrs. Ross. 4 vols. Pp. 253, ?52, 200,
1210. Newman and Co. 1815.

A f^untry rector, the Rev. Mr. Hamilton, is the lather of two
daug)it rs — the elder a serious-^the other a sprightly-»-beaiily.
Sir Henry BouVerie, a neighbouring baronet of gaietyv and good
fortune, is deeply smitten with the charms of the peaaive sister,
and the honourable Mr. Lessingdale, heir presumptive to a duke-
dom, a sentimental geutleman of the bon*ton, pays his devohrs to
the gay Miss Hamilton. The young parties> by consent of ^e
porrents of the young ladies, are married. Their dispositions vary*
ing, neither couple are happy in their union-— hence the title of the
work; — "Paired — not matc^ied." This difference of attachment
gives rise to many scenes of matrimonial contention. Th€i younger
honourable fair one, Catherine, sighs to become a diutchess, while
the domesticated sister Blanche, finds the rank of a Baronet's lady
too fdshiondble to support. Her distaste to a perpetued round of
company, and the routine of crouded balls, routes, operas, and
plays, which on her arrival in London she was introduced to, so
different to the peaceful home of her parents and the shady -walks
and groves of the country, so greatly dissatisfied the Baronet that '
he soon became a careless, or, as our authoress calls hfm, **a
fashionable husband.*' On the other hand the gay Catherine in-
dnl^i^ in every party — dances, sings, and plays, to the admiration
of tiie groups of beaux who flutter round and follow her move?

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MoniUjr Cntilogat^MscelUmeam^ 217

Uents. * Ambition, and to be admired, is her aim^^pleasure her
jpursuit. Thia levity of conduct, it may be supposed, but ill ac«
cords with tbe sober sentiments of fier husband.

A plot thus laid is capable of embracing a variety 0t domestic
contentions, of which Mrs. Ross has well availed herself; and she
ofben relieves the picture by adducing examples of coiyug d fell*
dty. We recommend tUs novel to our newly^married fashion-
ables.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Art. 32. — A new Picture of Paris; or, the Stranger's Guide to the
French Metropolis; Sgc. 8fc. To which is added, a bescripttan of the
Environs of Paris, with correct Maps, and an accurate Plan of the
Qt^. New EdiiUm, enlarged and improved. By Edward Flavta,
Esq, Leigh.

The compilation of this little work' is creditable to Mr. Planta*8
Industry, and as a " guide*' to the visitor the " New Picture of
Paris will be found to answer every purpose of a Directtnre Rai^
sonie. We must not, however, avoid remarking, that Mr. Planta
indulges too frequently in those prejudices against the French
People, which have been engendered and fostered in the hot-beds
of faction. Our confined limits will not allow us to enter into any
thing like a full and refutory examination of these errors, but at a
moment when France, set upon by the wolves and vultures of Ruf
fia, and Prussia, and Austria, and Wirtemburg, and Bavaria ^^'
iS suffering massacre and spoliation from her centre to her ^*^]^
mities, and when Englishmen are taught to exult in the \*Oipea
destruction of that very spirit to which they owe all thcr po^sew
of Liberty, it would be a dreeliction liom propriety ^ permit the
following passage to pass without observation.
Speaking of the Museums of Paris, Mr. punta says,
''Enriched with the plunder (! 0 of c^^ep^rtment of France,
and of every conquered kingdom, that <^7 may ^ considered as the
favourite abode of Science and <fte Arts."

When the French Natio» cast off the mean yoke of the Capetian
fkmily, their infant freedom was assailed, asiiismw, by the confe-
derated tyrannies i>f the continent. The martial patriotism of that
transcendant people blazed forth in omnipotence, and, beaten to
the dust, humbly craving peace, their enemies purchased it by sur-
render of territory, and the yielding up of those treasures of art
which lately adorned the Imperial Palaces and Museums. Thbt
WKHB THB paviTS OP 80LEMM TREATiBS. To say that they were
plimdered, is as clear and absurd an error as it would be to pro-
nounce the King of Sardinia the lawful Sovereign of England.
The real plundering is by the AUies, since even granting that the
war which has led them to Paris, were as just and politic as it ac-
toaUy is execrable and foolish, it is only necessary to refer our
Crit. Rsv. Vol. IL Juguet, 1815. 2 S

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21$ HQiMjCataknpj^ *

readers to the Conyention between Manh&te WeUingtoB snd B^
cber on the part of the Allies, and his Highness of Bekmuhl jpn
that of the Provisional Goyernment, to establish beyond dispute
the fact of the abominable breach of Treaty committed by ihtAjm»
in the spoliation of the Museums.

^^ Art. XI; Public Pkopbsty, with the excepHtm of thai \ohid^
relates to war, whether it hehngs to the S&vemmeiH, or depends ttpom
0ie Municipal AuihorUp, shall bb bbspectbd, and the Allied Powers
wiUnot mierfere in aht kanmbr wUh Us administraims and manage*
meat."*

To this Convention ovjl General gave his deliberate and solemn
assent. It was made on the Third of Jnly, and on the Tenth Blu-
cher was preparing to blow up the Bridges ojf Jena and Austbblitz !
And this atrocious outrage is succeed, by the Pillage of the
Public Property of the Musea! ! ! The nominal Ruler of France
stands by, and suffers all this — ^yet it may be said^ why should he
interfere? those illustrioiis acquisitions redlect no « splendour upon
lum. Mementos of French Heroism, they were speaking testimonies
of thxit just and settled detestation of his fiunily which we trust will
redeem them. Next to our confidence in the Divine Justick> wa
place our reliance in the French People for the redresaof the iacal*
eulable crimes committed in France by our allies.

%RT. S3. — An Examinaticm of Mr, Sftersori's Case, written m 1810.
^o which are added the Opinions of the Judges of his Majesty's
Suprome^ Court of Judicature ft Madras, on his Trial, AprU, 1814;
O'*^ the General Letter, \li consequence, from the Got>emment tfl
Ma49w^ ^ Ij^c Honourable the Court of Directors of ihe East Iitdiit
Compant^, ^oth JtmeJ* 1*814. Pp. 93. No Bookseller's name.
1815.

This little tract is eftu^d, though not written, by Mr. Shmon.
It presents a very dear ana argumentative exposition of his case^
and forms an excellent introducvion to the Report of the Debate
on the subject, noticed in our last. We particularly applaud the
extreme mildness with which the whole is drawn up. Noex-
pression^ of acrimony, no epithets Qf reproach, no allusions of
nn offensive nature, have fedlen within our obaervanee. . Indeed
the *' examination*' is conducted with especial regard to de-
corum. But this, far from being prejudicial to Mr. Sherson, is
evesf way advantag^us to him. Every oircumstatice of his
pa-secntion thus presents additional cUubeis tq credence, and to*
evidently bears the stamp of Mmess and reality not to iadvct
eonviction in all impartial minds. The whole case is* pregnaat
with proof, that the governmenC of Madras, like most othler

Kvernments, may be seduoed from the path of justice, by the
V intrigue and p^tty chicanery of its most worthless depent
i

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MonthIy'datalogtte.-^jllt^eQ(i9Moti9. 219'

danli; <wlio>to gradiy a base and unfounded enmity^ are not
ooaUnted with .bringing irretrievable disgrace upon themselves^
but have the audacity to make their masters {Murtners in their
obloquy.

AaT. 34.— Hmto^ egtabHshk^ an Office m Newcoitie, for coUectmg
and recording auihentic iMfofiuUkm relative to the State of the C<£^
tieries^ in its Neighbourhood, and the Frogreet thai ha$ been made
towards ascertaming the Nature and QmeiMiution of the Strata belom
. those Seams, to which the Workings in this Country hone been con*
fried. By William Thomas, Esq. To which are added, Obser*
vations on the necessity of adopting legislative Measures, to diminisk
the Probability of the Recurrence of fatal Accidents in ColUeries, dnd
to prolong the Duration of the Coal Mines of the United Kingdoms,
By William Cba^man^ Esq. GmZ Erigineer, Being two Essays,
read at a Meeting of the Literary and PMlosophical Society of
Newcastle-upon^ Tyne, and published by Order of the Society, Pp. 34.
-Oradock and Joy.

The object of Mr. Thomas it so specifically stated in the title>
as to preclude the necessity of our reciting it. Of the humanity
asweUasuUlity of his plan^ we are equally convinced. It is calcu*
lated to ensure to the proprietors of coal-amines, muchbetter know-
ledge of their subterranean possessions than they now possess^nnd
to prevent, in a great measure, the dreadful catastrophes which he"
qu ntly happen to the workmen employed in exploring th?m. The
observations of Mr. Chapman deserve similar commendation.

We recommend the publication to the serious attention of all
who are connected with collieries, and trust that the legislature
will not be tardy in profitting by the hints it contains.

Aat. 35. — Le Cri cfun Franfois. JPp. 8. Londres. Juign€.

A WB AKL and tedious tirade againstNapoleon by one M. Cl^ateau-
neuf. Very venomous^ and very absurd.

Aet. 36.-1^ Conversations of Emily. Abridged from the French.
Pp. WO. DartonandCo. 1815.

A VEST decorous Bourbonish little thing, and admirably adapted
ibf ih^At^ul^ne Nursery of Hartwell— which will, shortly, we
a«fpo6e» reoover the presence of its amiable patroness. Its praise^
worthy object is to imbue the minds of infants with most delightful
insensibility to the virtues of patriotism, and to train them into
motions ftivourable to a systen of sober slavery^ and dull submiss
sio» 10 the langiiabls oU niftme.

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Ust «r New Boohi.

Art.37.— £!cMV« M Hittoty, parHeular^ the Jernkk, ^luf i wm, IWfcwit mU

Roman i with £xammaiiotUf fir the Use ^ YouMg Ptmlm. Bf JOBM U«L*
14ND. Ppu358. BaMwin and Co. 1815.

Trts is a well-arranged and useful compeadium of General
History. In deducing the matter of his little Tolnme, Mr. Hoi*
land haa had recourse lo the most authentic and impartial works.
His reflections are usually just, and conceived in a spirit of can*
dour and discrimination, that bespeaks him qualified for more ex*
tensive undertakings. Hie introductory essays on "The Nature
and Uses of History/* and ''On Ancient and Modem History and
Historians/* are calculated to infuse laudable and liberal senti-
ments in die youthful mind} and the very comprehensive Ibt of
questions upon all the important events, and their causes^ moral
consequences, &c. cannot fail to give it a deserved claim to the at-
tention of schoolmasters, and the heads of seminaries, to whose
patronage we venture to reoommend it.

LIST OF NEW PUBLICATIONS.

TBBOLOGT.

Sermons on tbe most imnortantSah-
Jctti. By the Imte Rev. J. Andrews,
L.L.B. late Vicar of Marden, Kent,
Chaplam to his Grace the Duke 6f
Dorset, and Author of The Scripture
Doctrine of Divine Grace. 9d Edition.

AGuide to the reading and study of
the Holy Scripturea ; with an iUustra-
tiyeSafpfteasent. ByAucnatus Her-
man Frank. Translated by William
Jaqnet. SdEditkm.

Discourses chiefly on Practical Sub*
Jects. By the Rev. Newcombe Cappe.
8vo.

On Terms of Communion, with a
particular View to the Case of the Bap-
tisU and Posdobaptists. By Robert
.Hall, MA. 8vo.

An Answer to the Question, Why
are fiou a Baptist. By a Baptist Mi-
nister. 8vo.

The Theological, BibUcal, and Ec-
clesiastical Dictionary, serving as a
cenerai Note-book to all Passages,
Names, and Facts, connected with
the Old an<l New Testament, and with
Ecclesiastical History : and forming a
•pecies of Cyclopsraia of Religious
Knowledge and Opinions, founded
throughout on the most approved Au-
thorities. By John Robinson, P.D.
late of Christ's College, Cambridge^
Mttter of the Free Grammar School
at Ravenstooadala.

Hie Spirit of the British Missions.
By a Clergyman, a Member of the
Church Missionary Society.

The Character of Moses. By die
Rev. Joseph Townsend. M.A. Vol. S.
4to.

Remarkable 3ermons of Rachel Ba-
ker; with Pious Ejaculadoiia, deU-
vered during Sleep. Taken in Short-
hand ; with Remarks by Dr. MltcheU^
the kite Dr. Priestly, and Dr. Dou^.
19mo.

Diatessaron, seu Integra Histoiia
Domini nostri Jesus Christ!, Latinet
ex quatuor Evangeliis inter se coUatis
ipsis queEvaageUstarum verbisapla et
ordinate dispositis confecta. E. Ver-
sione, prstcipue Castellionis castigata
et emendata, cui pnefiguntur tabular
Palestine Geographical necoon oidp
rerum. Inusum Scholarum. Opera
et Studio T. ThirlwaU, KM. Editio
Secunda. 18mo.

The Scripture Directory on tbe
leading Subjecto of the Old and New
Testament. By Thomas Jones, Cu«
rate of Cceatton. New Edition. 12mo«

Sermons selected and abridged from
the Works «f the Rev. W. Beveridget
DJ>. late Biabap off J$t. Asaph. SvnL
8vo.

Discourses on the principal Points
oftheSociniaaConVoversy. fty Ralph
Wardlaw. Seeond Edition, 8vo.

Sis Uttn(|iidliktl(MM oif T

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S21

^f tbf Rev* CbsflBi SiHMoiis» M«A* 5
fok. 8vo. New Editiim.

Tbe Family Prayer Book abridged,
containiiig Forms of Prayer for every
Hay in the Week, ascribed to tbe Rev.
W.Jfay. 18mo.

A Sennoa delivered in the Psrish
Church of Richmondy (Sorry) on Sun*
day, the SOth July, 1815, on behalf of
IIm sttflfieMrs at die Battle of Waterloo.
B!y the Bev. Sdward Pstteson, 8vo.
BDUCATION.

EfemenU of French Grammar. By
the Rev. J. Gerardot. A.B. Second
ISdition. iSmo.

Delassemens de la Jennesse. 4
tones. l8mo.

Six iictftona on Wtitiiag, with a New
System for Fibres, fmuided on Ma-
thematical Pnnciples simplified. By
G. B. King.

A Treatise on Arithmetic By J.
Carver, ofPimlico.

A Key to the Classical Pronuncia-
tion of Greek, Latin, and Scripture
proper Names. By J. Walker. Fifth
Kdniony Svo.

Mangnaii's (Richmal) Compendittm
of Geography, for the Use of Schools
■nd jpnvate Families. ISmo.

Ilhutration of English Philology.
By Mr. Richardson. 4to.

An* Introduction to Geography.

The Elements of Arithmetic, edited
Ibr the Use of Schools. ByW.Jaqoes,
private Teacher.

The Lancasteriaa and Dr. Bell's
Plan of Education improved, in which
the Excellencies are united and Evils
atotded. By W. Mosely, Author of
the Memoir on the Importance and
ftvcticabilityof translatmg the Scrip*
tiires into the Chinese Language, ami
cinnlating them in that vast Empire.

Five Hundred Questions on Gold-
•mith's History of Greece, By J.
Gorton. 18mo.

A new Latin Primer, or Companion
lo the Latin Granmiars. In Three
Parts. ByJot^bGuy, jun. 18mo.

Short Cheek Exercises, on an im-
pfoved plan, ctmtaining the most useful
Rules in Syntax; being a concise In-
troduction to tiie Writing of Greek.
By the Rev. J. Pioquot. ISmo.

The /uvenile Preceptor \ or an Easy
Introduction to Reading, being a pn>-
gressiveBook of MonoeyllaUes,aiupi-
ed to the Capacities of Children. By
iahnlUaymires. ThirdEditifln, i8mo.
' Steps to SoueVcnct, or a Set iif

Exercises to be iwidereJ into I^atin
Hexameters and Pentameters. For
the Use of Schools. ISmo.

A Cyphering-Book, neatly printed
in Script, containing Example* and
Questions in simple and compound
Numbers ; selected from J. Thomson's
<* Practical Treatise on Arithmetio."
HISTORY.

The History of Ancient EnMpe,ft«a|
the eariiest Times to the Subverskm of
the Western Empire i with a Survey
of the most important Revc^utiou in
Asia and Africa : in a Series of Letters
from a Gentleman to his Son, intended
as an Accompaniment to Or. RusseU'a
History of Modem Europe. 3 vob,
8vo.

BIOGRAPHY.

Tbe LifSe of Dr. Johnson ; wIthCri*
tical Observations on his Works. By
Robert Anderson, M.D. 8vo.

Memoirs of an Old Wig. 8vo.

The Life and Campaigns of Field- ^
Marshal Prince Blucher, from hi«'
Birth to 1815. Translated from the
German of Count Gnetsenau, with Ad-
ditions. By J. E. Marston, Esq. 8vo.

Memoirs of Captain James Wilsoo, '
containing an Account of his Enter-
prize in India, his Conversion and
Missioaaiy Voyage to tbe South Seas, .
and his Death. By John Griffin.
LAW.

Lawof Carriers. By Heniy Jeremy;
Esq. 8vo.

Report of the Trial, John Boya v, •
Miss Mary Edmuodsi for Three al-
leged Poetical Libels. 8vo.

MBDICINB AND SURGERY*

A Critical Inquirer into the Pathology
of Scrofula, in wmch tbe Origin of
that Disease is accounted for on new
Principles. By G. Uenning, M.D. 8vb.

A Treatise on Forensic Medicine, or
Medical Jurisprudence. By O. W«
Bradley, \i.D. Bristol.

Spurxheim's (I. G. M.D.) Outiinei
of his Dr. GaU*s Physiognomical Sys^
tem, ISmo.

Binnutes of Cancer, and Cancerous
Tendency ; a new Edition. By Sam*.
Young. 8vo.

Commentaries on the Diseases of
Children ; part the First. By John
Chtfke, Esq. M.D.

Pharmacopoeia Collegii Rjgfli* Me-
dicorum Loiidinensis, M*J%CC.1X«
8vo.

F«cU isd Obticvatioai oa Liver

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Complaints and Biliout Disorders hi
l^eral ; prescribing a new and sac-
c^asfaX Mode ofTreatment ; Ulnstrated
tod confirmed bvanum^ousSelectiOD
of Cases: witb Remarks not noticed
l^ former Writers, being the result of
\<nxg and extensive Practice in various
Climates, particularly directed to these
Diseases. Second edition, considera-
bJljranlarged, and witb additional Cases.
8vo. boards. By John Fai£bbum» of
Bemers Street, formerly Surgeon in
tbe Hon. £ast India Company's Ser-
vice.

Medical and Sorgical Remarks, in-
cluding a Descriptkm of a simple and
•flfective Metbod of removing Polypi
liom tbe Uterus. By Edward Grain-
ger. 8vo.

meneuts of Pathology and Thera-
peutics. By C. H. Parry.

A Translation of the London Phar-
nacopceia; the corrected edition^ pub-
lished July 1815, with Notes. By a
LondoD Physician. 8vo.

Eiemculs of Medic^ Jurisprudence.
By S. Farr, M. D. Third edition ; with
Dr. Hunter's Signs of Murder in Bas-
tilid Children. 15hno.

CHOROGRAPHT.

A Geographical and Historical Ac-
taimit of the Island of St. Helena; ts
which is subjoined a brief Memoir of
Napoleon.

A Pietiiresqoe Descriptwn of fit. He-
lena, from personal ExMuinatioo. Byr
James Johueou, Esq.

TRAVBLS.
Travels in Russia, Poland, the Bal-
tic, &c. By Robert Johnston, A.M.

4|D.

POETRX* .

Episodes from Shah Nameh. By S.
Weston. 8vo.

Pbems from the Danish. By W. S.
Walker, l2mo.

.Roderick, the Last of the Goths, a
Poem. By R. Southey, Esq. Third
Edition. 2 vols.

Moniliermer, a IHiem. By Edwaid
QutUiAan, Esq. 8fO.

Original Poems. By Charlotte
Hoothl 8vo.

Opp]^rta,or aTaleofInd; a Poem.
By Bertie Ambrosse. 8vo.

CbnsolatioD, with other Poems* By
the Rev. Wm. Gillespie. %vo.

A Collection of Ancient and Modem
. Senttifih Ballads* Takf» and Songs;

UtttlfNiMBbokr.^

with Notes and Observatibiis. ByjJ'
Gilchrist. 3 vols. ISmo.
DRAMA.

Living in Loudon; a Comedy, in
Three Acts, 8vo.

My Wife ! «' What ,Wife ?" a Co-'
medy, in Three AcU. By Eaton & .
BarKtt, Esq. 8vo.

MOVBLS AND ROMANCB9.

The Baron of Falcoisberg ; or Childa
Harold: in Prose. By Mrs. Bridget
Bliiemantle. 3 vols. 8vo.

Dartmouth Parsonage: a lUe-for
Youth. Second Edition.

Lady Jane's Pocket : a Novel. 4
vols. By the Author of Silvanella.

Family Estate ; or Lobt and W<m :
a Novel. By Mrs. Ross. 8vo.

A Trip to London ^ or the Humours
of a Berwick Smack, interspersed
with topographical Notes. ISmo.

Zeluca; or educated and uneducat-
ed Women: a Novel. 3 vols. ISmo.

The Caveni of Astolpho : a Spanish
Romance. S vols. iSmo.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Hints regarding the AgrleuHural
State of the Netherlands, oompved
with that of Great Britain. By Sir J,
Sinclair, Bart. 8vo.
\ On the Slave Trade, and on the
Slavery of theBlacks and of the Wkitss.
By a Friend of Men of all Colours.

The Gallery of Contemporary Bri-
tish Portraits. No. 80.

The Twelve Schelars; ershertMc-
mosrs intended for Yoiwg Persons in
humble Life. 18mo.

Structures of Eternal Import and
Uaiveisal Ooacem. 'By Anfreplnlos.
ISmo.

Philosophical and Mathematical
Dictionary. By Dr. Huttou. S vols.
4to. A new Eoition improved.

The Sportsman's Directory; or
Park and Game-keeper's Companion.
By John Mayer, Crane-keeper. ISuo.

Hints to the Directors and Paerona
of Schools. By Mrs. Elisabeth Hamil-
ton. ISmo.

Plain Directions for making Returns
where necessary, under the Propers-
Tax Acts, to avoid Fines, &c. By u.
P. Andrews, BristoL 8vo.

AnewTable of Rates of the Asaesaed
TtiSBs, pmyable from April lUS^^whh
RulflS'fnr charging them. Exemptions
and Allowances for Children, and •
Chapter on Appeals. By the Same.
8td. • . '

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£2&

A% Acooiia(t,«f tbe BntSfcle of Water-
loo, with an Appendix^ containing the
British, French, pnusian, and Spa-
nish Official Details of the Engage-
nent} with a Slcetckof the Battle.
1^ a British Officer on the Suff. 8ro.

An Inquiry, into the Integrity of the
Greek Vulgate, &c. of the New Testa-
nwnt. By the Rev. P. Noland. 8vo.

Hints fhMn an Ihvalid Motbisr to her
Daughter, on Subjects connected with
Monk and Religious Improvement in
the Conduct of Life in varioMS. lUla-
tions. ByAnnaWiUiams.

Baxteriana; oontainiag. a Selection
l^m the Works of Baxter. Collact^
by Arthur Young, Esq. F.ILS. iSmo.

Lestons ibr Persons in HttmbloLife.
Fourth oditioD, 12iiio.

Travels at Home, and Voyages by
ibo Fire-side* 5 vols. 18mo.

Memoirs of the Villars Family, or

the Philanthropist. By Mis* Wedks,
3 vols. iSuio.

A Narrative of Ae late Mr. W.'Di
Sandys, of Trinity CollegiB, Cam*
bridge. 19mp«

The Traveller's Guide to Madeirm
and the \^}s.<U^Indies ; being a Hiero-
glyphic Ajcpresentaition of Appearances
and Infidenu during a Voyage, 'Ottt
and Pjmcwards.

'' Vicissitudes' of Life, exemplified in
tll6 interesting Memottv of a Tousi^
Lady, in a Serie^ of Letters. S vols.
ISmo.

Essays on the Mythology, &c. on
Ancients. Bv G. S. Weidemaxui. 'Svo^

Wood*s Athene Oxonienses. By P;
Bliss. Volume the Second, 4ta.

A Collection of valuable and original
Receipts for making very superior rich
flavoured Imitations of Foreign Wines,
&c. By J. Fitch, Esq.

WORKS IN THE PRESS.

Yielding to the wifkesof numerou* Correspondents, the Proprietors hdve
^ eomented tfi deviate from their usual plan, by inserting in the pre*
sentiond every fkture Number of the Critical Review, « lAst of
fubUcatums edfout to issue from the Press. They, therefore, take thu
^opportunity of informng Authors and Publishers, thai they will be
happy to recevoe all such notices as they may deem it eoDpeiient 4^
forward to the Editor, *

.^opi Fabulffi Selects, with
Snglish Notes, for the Use of
Schools. BjE.H. Barker, Esq.
Trin. Coll. Camb.

Cicero de Officiis $ with Eng-
lish Notes, critical and exph^na-
tory. The text is taken from
the best edition. For Students
at College and Schools. 12bio.

Oyidii Metamorphoses Selec-
tse et in nsiim Scholarum ex-
piirgats ; cum Notis AngHcis.
Jky the Rev, C. Bradley. On the
plan of his Phosdrus, Eiitro-
pitis^ &&

The Naval Monitor; contain-
ing many useful Hinta for both
the public and private Conduitt-
of the Young Gentlemen in or
entering that Profession, in all

its Branches ; in the course of
which, and under the Remarks
on Gunnery, are some Observa-
tions on the Naval Actions with
America. Also a Plan for im-
proving the Naval System, as it
regards that most useful Set of
Petty Officers, the Midshipmen.
By an Officer in the Navy.

Paris during the interesting
Month of July, 1815. A Series
of Letters, addressed to a Friend
in London. By W. D. Fellowes,
Esq*. lUustrat^ by PortraiU of
the Royal Family of Franoe^ en*
groupe; a present Likeness of
BonapnTtcen-^ignette; andoth^
interesting Plates, in 1 yoL

Tracts on various Subjects. re-
lative to St. Helena. B^ Msjor
Ale^tander Bcatson,

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224 CbrreipMefaiM*

' Retribution! or tbe Oliost of
Captaia Wright. By Captain
Fairman.

Romantic Facts, or Which is
his Wife} 4 vols.

Emmeline, or the Orphan of
the Castle. By Charlotte'^mith.

New edition. 4 vols. » , ^^4 vols.

Bli9Bal>etb de Mowlnay* or ihe
Heir of Douglas : an historical
Romance. 4 vols.

Matilda and Malek Adhd, a
Romance. By Mad. Cottin^ Au-
thor of Elizabeth, or the Exiles
of Siberia, &c. Thiid edition^

TO CORRESPONDENTS.

We beg to acknowledge the receipt of the congratulatory letter of
ovr Lincolnshire correspondent. We thank him for the high opi«
nion he expresses of our labours^ as well as for his good wishes
for their continued success. To his interrogatoiy, our answer is in
the affirmative) and it will be our pleasure to attend to the com*
munications he proposes to submit to us.

Mr. Faithhom will observe that his request has been acceded to.

We have no reason to question the fact mentioned by Mr.
Wright; but, as he is a constant reader of the Critical Rbvzbw,
lie must be well aware that the neglect alluded to is not impu*
table to the present Editor. He will see that, in conformity, to
our plan, which we are determined to adhere to, his tract has beea
noticed with all possible promptness.

Ratio is quite mistaken in his argument. The Critical Rb*»
tiBW is tar from being inconsistent, in opposing the policy of the
reigning ministry, while it avows an attaclunent to the Constitu-*
^n; the inconsistency would be, in professing to support the lat-
ter, and not censuring all those, whose projects it deems inimical
io its welfare. The state is one and immutable mmitiries are
many and fluctuating: consequently, they who wish to uphold itf
interests, would belie their dedsjration, were they indiscrimf*
nately to adopt the views of whatever men, chance or caprice may
place at the helm.

Several works have been sent this month too late for insertion ;
we, therefore, repeat our request to Publishers, that they will for-
ward lUl books intended for early notice before the 18th of eveiy
month.

*«* The following Articles will appear, with many others, in
the next Number:

J^abmef'slAfkifJokn SoUeiki, Ktnf

of Poland. M.
Bhamenback^s IndUutog. T.
Pmm't Biuoope of Lift. i.
MartUi GrtUo/tkeMeekemkulJtii.

T.

The Gittrvtmt Podoitrian MmMU A.

JomwU o/Pfmrooe, m Seamtm, a.
ffeumah Mor^i Euojf om ike lAfi tm4

Ckaraeiet of Si, Pond. o.
Jolmam'o Pktmttipie Fiew of St. Hh

lena. M.
Mimg9 ParVs last Mission io AMeu*

V.

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CRITlCAIi REVIEW.

" The Critical Reviewers are for sapportiii? the Constitutiim, both te
Charch and Stat€.'*-^f2>r. j0hiuoH, Vide Botw^lPs Id/e, voL ii. p, €Of QuarU

« The Critical Review is dooe upon the best Principles .'*^(2)r. JchtMn,
Vide his Confertnce with the King.)

I ■ . ■.'.■■ .1 ■ !■!!.. Mil \\

Voj^ IL] SEPTEMBER, IBlin [No. lU*

I K- Hi r ill I h I '-f I i II I i idi I in lil ■ I ii>m

Art. I. — Authentic Memoirs of the Life qf John Sobi^ki, King of
Poland. By A. T. Palmee. 8vo. Pp. 304. Longman & Co.
1815,

JLub life of John Sobieski, from his first appearance on the
stage of public affairs to the hour of his decease, was a life of
wisdooi, heroism, and benevolence. In htm, patriotism was a
holy passioQ--«-a religious feeling-^a perpetual impulse-— a flame
kinidtod at the living shrine of conscience, eqiudly nourished
by reason and feeling, whose purity, unoontamioated by the
grosser fires of personal ambition, encircled vfiih a new sple&«
dour the crown he was destined to wear, wd whose radimoe^
ftoBk the walls of Vienna, shot the rays of tarror aad deafer«etioa
into the heart of the Mntulman power. At the period when fio*
. bieslri began his career of giory, Poland, rent by internal dissen**
tions, and assailed by enemies from without, trembled on the
brink of min. The eloquence of Sobieski suspended her do<-
mestic differences, and her foreign foes soon discovered that the
safe^ of Poland was under the guardianship of a hero. For
toearjy fifty years, dnring which his genius, contending with in-
nuinerable difficulties, sustained the sinking states his lands
and revenues supplied the deficiencies of her treasury ; her de
spirited and declining armies were revived and recruited by hia
zeal and resoiurces : the wisdom of his dispositions was equalled
by the vigour with which he carried them into execution, vie*
tory returned to the banners of Poland, and the ghiries of Choc*
^im were excelled only by that splendid day on which the ca*
pital of Austria was saved by the King of a country now groan-
ing under Austrian despotism.

. John Sobieski, bom in 1629, was of illustrious ancestr}'—
Chit. Rbv. Vol. II. September^ 1815. 2 F

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i26 Palmer's Lif^ qf JobniSOMd, Kh^ ^P^tid^^

iHastrioiis^ we ^y, not because h^coiiM t«ace t^e lif^o^/tis
family thtcMigti numeitms genecationat but because thei^yirtues
kud talents, consecrated to the welfare .of their ccMinJry, we^
fiieh as to give them a just title to love and aduuratipfi, whi^re
the suFreptitious claims of titled wickedness and ia4>cci}itj[
^rould receive, as they would merit, onljr abhorrenca and scqi;q.
His maternal grandfather, theGreatZolkiew^ki, ninv^te^nyieais
before the birth of John the Third9 iiad imnoortaliaed^hi^iW^f
by a glorious victory over the barbarians of Muscovy, ja .which
Tie captured the Tsar Basil, and brought him to Sigismuod tbf(
Third. Till the invasion of Poland by Peter, called the Grea4
fhe elMtle of Warsaw bore witness, in its decorated ceilings, t9
1^ btilUant achievment. That individual destroyed that evi««
i^lKte.^ la^the campaign of 1620, Zoikiawskiy who had peae-^
.trated into Moldavia, found- himself surrounded by a Turkish
atid Tfeirtarian force of an hundred thousand men. Through
tihis enormous host he fought his way to the banks of the Nies-
ter, and frontiers of Poland. Here, deserted by his tavalry,
aiid overtaken bythe Musuhuen, the Great Zolkiewski wa3
doomed to perish. One of his sons pressed him to fly : '^ Thff
Republic has entrusted to me Ihe care of her army, and nevei
shidl it be said I disgraced her choice," was the hero's aoswen
He made his dispositions with his usual skill, hia troops fought
with the valour of — Poles. But, bereft of half his.foro^, ii
was not posnble that Zolkiewski should ultimately triumph ia
sO'Unccfual a conflict— and, after a severe battle, in which tbm
Turks sustained great losses, the enemy prevailed. His troops
staughtered, his son slain, in his sight, and himself cQvered with
woundsf the Polish General was taken prisoner, and, a feifr
fabUTfl arfterwards, decapitated by a barbarous and enraged foe*
The head was subsequently redeemedt the remaiua a( Zol^
kiewsbi and his sons, for two perished in the battle,, weppe de<-
posited in the same grave; a pyramid, bearing an honorary. in?
scription in four languages was erected by comnau^d . of t|ue
Diet, to conmiemocafce an action so glorious^ and ou the tofub
diese words —

^oriare aliquis, nostris ex ossihus, ullor,

formed a text to the resentment of the descendants ef Zol^
kiewski. • .

* The conduct of Peter, we should think, baa been selected by Blucher and
hisTwsterfor their model. If th« former- destroyed the proois of Russian
flhaoM in Warsaw, the latter have attempted to efface in Paris the monumeutt
of PnMian Ignouiiiryr.

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- ^iftSH^SdUeshiv' lUatiiie of Lablin, die grandfs«lMr of J<A«
bf tRe Ather's ^ide, i^ equaHy celebrated in the annals of Vor:
iahd. A skilful general, a valiant soUier> an ardent patriot, he
t^?^ theikvoorit6'of«he nation and the king^* who, on a memo*
table occasion, observed, that should it ever be necessary to
TiUc the fate of Pbland on asingle combat, as the fortunes
<»P Rohi^-Wefre once entrufirted^o the Horatii, he should no|
h«rftat<e (o^ehuse tiie Palatine of Lublin. James Sohieski» lb#
father of John, did not disgrace a line so truly splendid^ and jusUf
dear to the country. Before his elevation to any iof tb« greal
cHioear of tlie Mate, he was four time chosen Marshal of th]^
Diet. When lie entered the Senate, it was in the icfaamote^^
Castellan of Cracow^ an officer of considerable aud honoiirablto
functioiM, and io whom and the Primate, the one as thehaaA
of the Lay-Senaikors, and the other as the chief of the Ecck-'
iiastieat Ordier, was ^ven the title of Highness. Notjnora
diistingaished by his talents as a general than a statesman, be
was commissioned, after his victory at Choczim, to proceed to
Constantinople, to sign the peace wfaioh he bad forced the
haughty Sultan to implore. Wh^n lihe Republic stood in
need of an ambassaddrat foreign couit» of superior abilities^
James Sobieski was^ the appointed personage. Notwithstand*
tag' the absorption of so much of his time in military and civil
diuties, he yet found, or made^ leisure to cultivate bis literary
MeMs. Till the partition of Poland, many treatises of Jcunea
Sobi^ki, political and military, relative to her inteiests, were
to be -met with in the libitiriet of that illustrious and unfor*
tunate country. He was the friend and patron of the liberal
arts, and Poland esteemed him the shield of her liberty*

Frorh - the marriage* of James Sobieski with ThMsopbil%
dsoghter of the Great Zolkiewski, a marriage which nearly dou-
bled the extent of his estates, proceeded two sons, Mark and
John. Of Mark, nothing very distinguished is reoocded. James
l^d every intention to the education of bia children which bis
^flSetal' duties would permit; He appoittlied Stanislaus Or-*
chbwski, a man of abilities, their tutor, and wrote a treatiseon
physical and moral education for the express purpose of facili-
tating their progress. At a proper age he sent them into fo-
reign states to observe manaefs, onatoms, and modes* of rpiiiityi
difierent from those of Poland. Earnestly recommending tp
them the acquisition, of useful .knowledge, he exhorted them
not to wa^te their hours in dissipation or trifling pursuits, plea-

* Stephen Baitori, who had Itccd Prince of Trans^lvauia. ' "

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ttoilyaddkgy '^ as for doRctngft ny «n»9 70a ^U hivfe
iiien topfofUuiitiesof leaniii^totdfiiioeft^ -

, WnMQi (he Muntry ta which (be yom^ 'SoUedrii-firtt'di^
feetod their course, waartheDniniastato dl<eoininoilimiywMbll
ihofftty ftfter burst into Ite cinl «rar of the Fronde. • Tbe^ I^^^
fureidiftWBs Uiat in which thejuvenUe ]Mef'waaldtt«UtmU^
ftomlhehr prefious ednealioOy and the pelitical pviociples'iii
^vhidillMy had been tnained, feel iaUteated. The frkbdahip
Iduy firmed with Cond^ and his sister^ the 'Dnohessi oMiongo^
inlky etvenfthened this feeling* When he was first iatrodilMl
to< t|ie Prince John, gave an early instaaee ^i that nobility Ut
pfkA, and disregard of all the. claims of mere rankitnd staiieik
tot whtokhe waa celebrated throagh bis whole Mfe, on thft
ihflote as fully as before his aseeMion. He told G«mde, <« ClMt
in his tadmiralion of /the iUustriona ehaiMter of a eonquerii^i
msfiH ^ lost sight of the splendour attached to the tank of «
pnnce of the blood ro^ ei France.'' The aciiirlary prepensitMlfe
«f John induced him to raqnesthis fatlffir to pordiase for hiin m
flM>taiii's commission in the corps of grand musfceteet^ ^^f
)Arance, which enabled him to 8tody to great adtwitage tht
(notics of that martial oovntry. It would seem that the yonth-
ful Poles did not whdly escape the seductions of BaiiieHm ns
re£nement. John especially was of a watm tempccamenif arid
0Be of the afihnss of gaUantry in which he was engaged had «e^
#ults that at ouce mortified and wounded his own heart aMd
Jjouis' the Fourteenth.

From France the Sobieskis proceeded to England, Gerniai^
IMiy 9 and Turkey. At Constantinople they sojourned 11 coo*
^erable period. The Ottoman was the power with which
Poland was most frequently at war, and John was anxiood 10
bfloome acquainted with a state whose pride and insolence^ mo^
tiiesofthe most imperative hind, determined him to emtiiace
livery opportunity of chastising. The brothers inrde preparing
for a tour through Asiatic Turkey, when the news of tbeur fi£
ther's death, and the alarming state of Roland, recalled tfaeih
liome* I •-

The Cossacks of the Ukraine, whom the wisdom and bene<>
▼olence of .King Stephen had induoedto profess allegianoe to
Polaild, itritaAed by a long series laf atrocious injuries whioh
they faAd endured from some of the superior Polish noUes, and
finfeKag their complaints and demands of redress treated with
nigleot by Uladislaus VII, burst, on the decease ' of that iaa»
narcht into open and desperate insurrection. At this time the
ibrohe^ was occupied by Casimir V, a beneficent^ but feeble
and supe^titiotts Prince^ whose mildness^ and conviction thai

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JMliigc jWliiOPtii^/ri<le <rf^lhgencpiyv yre\^ented Mnx frMiBad«fi^,

ing tho««p4flcUyf<« mea$iftra» necessBiy to CKtingaish th^ Yiev^lt.

^^j^er^fdSificJoKtidlifmki, wiM hmd been personally oppr^ssdi in

§kX9smi9^^9^ anoe tim. most infrnmous and insuhing, and tviK^^cm

fDVftb^rjkgi'teosed.by tfieitefusal of jostiee bjrUiadislaus^ ledbn hrls

^pttnirymlen to/r^vMge^and victory . Anrmated by reserH»men4

wA^HW&ditpct intlitir leadef^ the insurgents burst into Poluii

vHbtJbe^ftirfDf a torveaty overthrew the crowo-geDeralPotovtii

PfioelrHled to, and fed«eed Leopol, the capital of Red HussiSf '

IW^ laid 4he whole of the e^untry, from the iron tiers* of dial

ility^. ji^ btood attd ashoa/ To ihake ap the measure of the |)ubA

i^i^mitie$9 thcKhauB of the Tartars joined the CosAoh|%

4Vm1 the ul^ted armies foUowied the remains of the Croti^n-ge^

mf^y^ defeated forces into Lovmr Volhynta, where the ¥c^\

fienemlhaii.as8enibledtke.fogitivea» increased his numbers by

ii^aty levies from the adjacent coantryy aod was prepakiiig^ti

ff^piUse. the cKasperated and viotoribus ^neiny. ' »

, Such 'i^^as the situatiou of affidrs in Poland, when ^ the B0*

bieskis were sanimoDed:to her defence* The insolence of < PtOp

iait<ithiia&ian noble> produced a dud between himself and John^

itt Wtbi<di the future saviour of his country was so dangerotfsiy

wounded 9$ to be rendered unabie to take the iieid, in time for

thfit ^iqprMdiing battie. This act of rashness in John, in ^^

ferii^ hirnself to be indecorously moved by the taunts of a mam

fvury-way his inferior, bad the most beneficisd effect apon his

, mind. The hours of solitude to which it compelled htm t4

sabmity^ £dlowed him leisure to reflect upon the perilous conse-^

4|uencea to which his natural impetuosity might expose hkti^

and his pride and patriotism must have been equally wounded,

by the conviction that in the impending conflict Pdanc) wduli

be bereft of the arm that might secure her from further spolmtionl

Before his recovery, the battle occurred — ^the Poles were de*

feated-«^aud Mark Sobieski, with a great nnmbcr of Polisll

Nobles, ^ere taken by the Tartars — all were massacred, «m4

their remains refused the rites of burial*

Now arose the star of Sobieski — destined in its brilliant connn
to call into life a spirit long deceased in Poland. *

Recovered from his wound, the critical situation of the eoUo*
try roused all the energies of Sobieskiy and lie immediately a{H>
plied bimsetf with ardour and resolution to the dutia of^'ie
citieeti, holding so distinguished a rank in the RepftUie^*
Promoted to the S-tarosty (L r* Government) of' Javarow^ he
raised a considerable force, partly from his hereditary estates,
and parUy from the districts over which he had been appointed
governor. With these troops he joined Casimir^ who^ after

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330 P^bner'sLifif ^ff JbftA^^ft^&i^i^'iR^i^^

ing emergency of the puivlfc rtftjdr^', '«»Jtrfhed*tJm^'dowW5faeHfr
]&ei^Oft of all thfe Tomahiing forb^ of tht state, ^t!d partially^
«ucfceeded in unitini^ tlie discordant interests otxM^ itdbleft.^ ' ,*'

The dijeotion produced bv the late disasters presented to' Sch'
bieski a feeling which he knew it was of considerahJe ij»-
portance to eradicate. This was to be done, in tfie first jn-
^ance, not so much by words as by actions. To H^vepterfjii-
lated a cencral battle, might have proved fetal to Iheliopielf
of the Republic. Sobleski, w!io appears in the very coni-
mencement of his career to have won that confidence which
weakness, in times of distress, is prone to give to acknow-
fcdged cibrllty, persuaded the general in chief Czareriski, to
ffftAd an tngatrement whose issue would be so decisive, untH
ftte troops had- been accustomed to meet the enemy on such de*
tached and advantageous points as would render the ine^ualfty^
of AUniht rs of less avail than it had been previously found, an* tJB
by aniultipltcation of smalt successes, they had been taught tor
look fon^'ard to more extensive and important victories. His
plan was adopted. Various isolated detachments were sent
out4o skirmish with the enemj-, and, generally uhdef the conif*
inand of Sobieski, came off \Vith honour and advantage. Thi'
spirits of the troops were in some measure re- invigorated, 'Wia
CJasimir yet believed that Poland might be saved. f;

Ati event occmrred shortly before the battle, which afforded k
brilliant opportunity to Sobieski to display those talents of pef*
suasion for which he was remarkable ; we give it in the ant*
mated and forcible language of the author.

• ♦* At thfe very moment an attack of the camp of 2yborow 'War
lioUrly eatpeeted from the enemy, a mutiny broke out in the PoHsk
army»«]Mieverytnethod of persuasion, remonstrance^ menace, and
^yen force^ had beea vainly tried to reduoe it to order by their Qe«:
ncral Czarcnski, who nt length abaodoocd it as hopdeaa. At this:
despc^4t^ crisis, SohiesKi (tl)en in his twenty- fir&t y^air) iyUh.-a:te-
nierity lyhich excit d cpnsiderable surprise, petitioned the General;
to intrust to him Uie quelling this alarming revolt. CzaxeasV|,'
consented, yet expecting little advantage from the efforts of »
ybhth sO very recently entered on the career of arms.

"^ **On b^loe^ charged with the nogociation, Sobieski at once"
Utt^whHuselt'withih the power of the armed an<^ enraged niulii-*^
Ittde, With attintiepidity and fintam^ss of soul which excited thehr
involuntary astonishment and respect. Seizing on this aus^ciouir
i9i^mtat« headdi%8aed them with all that passionate ^aodpersaasive
elo^fi^nee for whi/^hhe became through lifefiogtealftycdlebratBdi^
and inflamed with^hat holy love of lus.couoiry irhidi bmued ii)*

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V|&4Wi^^l'*^W^-^^«^<H>ti nMncQeAjin tludrs^ tii«Ciipikrk.ofi|»trm((^
i^^i^ j^bjV^Jbill^beeqi^^i^ op^« pot leMinguisbed. r . t. m

y f / ^^^^iH.'^^ft .this (tory of kadiug back to tbe king his rep^Qt^iv^
troops^ j^Q<^ ^f|js«ei9g thQW,.soou after, prepared to xep«:I ithi^
enepi^^with reriovateu sentiments pf lovalty an.l unaDimit^,, |li»
]\latest^*.'^ai:e an immediate mark oF his gratitude to our younfij
dUfcer, try making' him standard -hearer to the crown.**

.^tiOQst 'iroqo^Iately aft^r the return of the troops to U^e^^

^Qgifurce, tlxi: Ful^s were attacked in their entrenduneptu, bji

^e: whole force! of the enemy, and a battle which lasted during.

^ree successive, days, terminating in their repulse, wjt^ a lo^ft

of twenty t^iqusand jnen, chiefly through the valour of the latfv

rc^volters under the command of Sobieski, led to a treaty wl^ic^jf

Uk the then circumstances of Poland, might be considered bip^

nourable, and ev^n glorious, were not that name too e^ciu^veljfi

Applied to successes insuring to tlie victor terms amounting U^

ti^ political aniiihilation of the conq^uered. Casimir, who ap-^

pleads to have been a mild and just prince, proposed to tbe Cosr

s^^s terms which manifested his sense of the unprovoked in-j

uifics which they had sustained under lus predecessojc. Ob^^

iiyion of .all past offences, the. secure exercise gf their it^ligion,

fp, maintenance of ^^ twenty tbpusand Cossacks, as militia, ia
e palatinate of Kiow, for its future defence,' ' and the appoint*:
ment of **a noble of the Greek chuK-h as its governor^" were
t|[ie coodit^ions offered by the King, and accepted by the .Cos-
sacks* And the sole concession he demanded on the ]>art of
the insurgents, was the personal submission of their chief* Ti)|^
treaty with the Khaun ensured him the payment of the pexj^ipxj^
wliich himself and his predecessors had been accustomed to re-
q^vie frona Poland,- and the suspension of which had induced
bim4xf join his arms with tliose of the Cossacks, and sUpuhited'
^'tb^ttbe should be allowed to choose from the Polish officers a
hostage who was to accompany him toTartary, as a security fat
tlie folfilinent of these engagements/*

l^e Khaun fixed upon Sobieski^ who was not displeased at
A<i choice, since it would enable him to acquire a more accurate
kn^Wlcdg:<55 of ^ people, with whose aftairs the interests of .the
Repiibtfc were fre(juently and importantly connected. The:
conciliating manners of his illustrious hostage gained the esteem
and friendship of the Tartar Pr^nce^ whose regard for Sobiesjfll

?[oved,. not Jong aftcjwarxlsj,/of considerable advantage .ii^
pj^nd, . - , . -^^ .*:

• The Ifttf ipcace failed to produce tluit settled calm wlvich the*
Klftg.liadiiridulgcil the phrasing hope of seeing estaWi.Hhed'.'
Hisiowsi subjects .were discontented with a treaty, degrading,-

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883 Mlmtf'sl4^^Mm^1Mk^lik^f.i^fi»^

4ilty^m1iedil;^totkedt9llit9«of.t)l6vlMe» Tl
lh« rooted hostilMyf of «he nobksy and w^ttj hfm^^^tmfkf^mi^
olinedto those niKtary habils JM»whidi the lO^MttofiDtfcdM
Pbles had forced thebi. Tbc^lofv of phmder wis «MiiiAmiit
mdoeement to the Taitara to reoew « w«r which oflhied.tii ^Mf
ivpacHy so ample a prospect of .aratifioatioii. Shortly saitmr.^
Rturn of Sobieaki, the Cosaacks and Tartaiv weie* again in
mnaoMy the former under the command of Kmiliendci. Thfl^
were defeated on the borders of the paltlinate of £ell9> is b
battle in which Sobiedci received a sewei^ wouBd ou the hettdi»
and the Tartars lost six thousand men. There ean be Ittdte
doubt that this war would have been of sheet duvatioii^ad net
the enemy been joined by the Tsar Akxta, who, in a i^ason mt
profound peace between himself and Poland, suddenly seiaeA
^pon Smdensko, Wilna, and other places of. stmngth^ uwk
uniting his forces with the Cossacks and Tartars, ovemuiL the
territories of the Republic with an army she coidd not hope t#
oppose with equal numbers^. Domeatto fends and diascstioii%
ever the bane of Poland, and which fnequently brought hec^ tq
the verge of ruin, contributed to facilitate the progress of the
invaders, and the calamities of the state were^compkled tav the
treason of some discontented nobles (the Talley rands andAf^rt*
monts of theh age) who invited the King of Sweden to OQter
their country, promising to support his enterprise by tbeif .in«
trigues, and to join him with theit vessals* The Swedbh Mik
narch eagerly embraced so tempting and infamous an invitation,
and pouring his troops into Great Poland nnd Masovia, quif^^
possessed himself of the capitals of Cracow and Warsaw. .Tbp
King fled into Silesia, despair seized the minds of all, or if any
dared to hope, it was toward Sobieski that their «yes .were
turned. . >

' Misfortune is the test of real greatness, and So|»ie$1(i toa$
great. Though uninvested with any great wlitaiy authority;
the autliority of lus name, his tajents, supplied tlie j^laoe of
JFormai command.. Every patriot yiidded- obedience tq a. iMan so
celebrated for his patriotism* Svecy soldier, of tb« Repuhlie
hastened to join the standard pf Siohieski $nd Fn^Qm, ,and the
integrity of hi^ character was 9^ pi^^^pprtto^his ioo^u^tgr'^ con-

To enter into a detail of the operatio(^..o£ SobicsHi(^i;kriQ^>
t\ic. period that Poland wa;s oppressed by ^er a^lfisli .and/Hudti*
tudiJ^^ms enemies, would occiipy n^or^Topi^ anci timf )hap we
caii ppssiUy aiford. It is sufficient to^ say> tbatr^nf^t^itbstafidT
iog!tiie timid disaS^ction of Litliuanja froni<tha Refubluvand
thejijnction^f Ragot^;^, dq^pot ,pf '^^osglyjapfc ^fthhcr in*

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jMMiliiyii ijr jifct^flBrrtfi/giigi irriihwr wm

iai# iii«aiMfliiiMiiiliiplfc»fc<*t3 iiiiji iiii ,^AnA i

iwifii|limKiiiiu>iijP^ iaafteqimtr to Olm fnhUo
imw tfaniwi ikHBifcjJiiid' by tiie coatiibutsmssMi

flMtikWHt M «ifMHr cAtkbd-mh^'M Qo^iiMnpWiiwy in IhMoqr

<mi^ in her defence— ^notwttlistaodBig m / laty : ygpiwirticm . <»f
Att tithed men jmned in^ rebellibus alliance with her toes^^o*
blaAi, "Ui Whose eharacteir' wefe^maitiM tfic^'talentd of tlie poK«
tfcian «6d'the wliitior, •nT)tniila]tf actirij^iiilder the CtbirA-Qe*
Mfal^ whfle he dctdaliy directed the'cbtidatt of the .\t«f, W
tH'o years i^^lled the iiii^dfrs: ^ftdW* th6 ;f^ontiers^ t^ftvereff
(he cities and strong plaees, forced lViig,ot^i to ^ay ^.J^J^ con^^
^butido^im specie,- do hooaage for jii^ .'jiru^^aUty-t^'King*
Casimir^ and renounoe all connexion with the d\ve4isb idun
ttareby defeated the Coeaacks^ and took their leader prisoner,*
dmifmMaiwsnimg %he§tna^k$mf^U»juMfMif^ff^^ ve-

albrML|Mioe ta^he^ftaptiUie^a tafim nm^iibl^advlMiti^tft
tdji&ec inflBciilaL'. ' ♦"»" »«» *• i /+.. •//• • ?*.':>'? "

^<ThtaAoeof<STOiu)MaisfaBl'dfilheCroti'ii^beKng VM f^^
tfaeJiaiK^ttrientrpf Lnbcnurski,'" Sobleskiiraa app<jifft^d »>>th^
^Bgnity, as a reward for the emitienf aervicet be had rendl^rtd:
tl^ Republic. The treatment of J^ubomirski is deepjy disgrace-
ful to- the mqmory of Cik^mii'. ; Ttiarhigft-S^lritfrt'-hobteman
bad idrawQ upob himseir the resent nVenX .0/ the ^tjtig 'by'hli'
warm -ofj^tioo to- Cc^imWV uncpn^titutiomil aQiain'atic^ of
Us ^VKM^^pr tp the thTpne,.9.aa.»,^ei^lt ^op^jl^^
^Mdejd'i^y jyilbwiirski MS^ded ^^im^i^n to .fis^iopw^W^riy Xo
9oai}so.t\i ]Mui»h9sAi4^^ «sci(er«(nfl:.^fo-f

moCer of tiie «editjdn; - A did! w2l&.0QBi)eiied' to examinit) the*
dtaMF; bMLirt>om]iBU;uowaii^^*tef Jtriat'to tte^jv^ti^enotf'an
asaembiy eonvened by Ms enemies^ '4r«ltirisd't«IBlieilktw: "Vhhf-
w«^ interpreted into a proof of guilt^ and. *^,hie was, a^ a traitor,
ci^ftdertnfed'-td'forfdt-^lifg estafe'J his li'ohdurs/ 'and 'WS lif*."
Th^'fbBiWhi^ yea^-ifi* wMch'SobieArbecarfi^; by th"^ iMVfi of
C^enski, Lietttenant-Gerieral of ih^ ftfnctdorti, air 6flic<^ o^
liighertiiijiiity than that of Grand Marshal,, Lubomirs^i, indig-
Bant at tjie lawles^s treatjpient he had dnduff^.c]!^ resolved to,eijort.
jji^ticeby force of arms,* and. ^iVtpred the tcrrjitories of the, Be- ■
publie s^ tl^.head of ^iglit hulidre^ aien» ^ force wUch rapMlir^
iiiereaBe^loeiglitewtbw^aad.: T,ht fi,m^9^my^i\\tKm(fi'.
wider the eotmnand of SAfafeski, wa&Uaftioiiad inf ilie Pnti(iiliiia
olCttjavia^ aag tittboniirski hastf njpd his marrhnwirb the intent
tioir of giving it Mtle bafiotrf jt abt^ildibe ataengthened by re-
Crit. Rev. Vol. U. September, 1815. 2 G

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f ) pfrapttoted a geniaeal engagtipnl^ii

-•<^ fls' voyidi Hiwn I iiainii|ijpMHiitdd3i»<hnLnn»y>

IWibhttmui* to have been motodvlbf HieMBilks cfcitf^f'tf a#I
whony^brpfltriotic'nbotiisn. . ; .^r ^

.. '"^ Tbi). King agreed U^ €11^ inita^ e^g^BMqiei^^

agilll to itttemw in the^choioe of nia successor io^ mc^cmuPn ^ to
f«y tb^ tmn whicb had beaa Refused, thdio > to ravok'e £ift' aen-
teDce of hani#|MFnfftt j^g^\, I^Wmn^ k ^x^.l^/oein' no^jipe to
account for -vrhat had passed. Cfti his side Liibomiraki evMcedno
dMM or being: t^-iiistaled in Ibe di|^iti6y.o6iriiieh lie btft^bem
cbprlteA; butretir«d to ShBakw^iii irhMrnitjrbe dM«Miki»fi«

■■InM^lM ti» <M|jpeAwt^lMuiitg»idiwL ha^r
maun irt yafdlfi 4* - -dw nMDMw»«65fcib

WuMw, to eitrof tbe'^ec^ of trmqiifflky.

liMi wtte ett^cMdfiftf bjr tlm%)t rfndirtbMjr oMHc I

«iobia. Tbb ladf waa iMttitediM' fionr tiro^teitoii^VMUib

Aunffiesj^oftbeproffnceofBeR^ ^ :• ^.V^,*'^*

'' Her father^ the l!iCar<)uU d^ArquiexC ^aa ps^ptain of the gjaoida
^Philip Duke .of. Orleans j* arid, Tier, mbtbet. Trancea dja la
^tire» bad 'been' j^6vem^8 to tibutta, Qtteex^' of ^Maiid. ^fSdr
i6Sam», fft-tfae age of deven, aftt^d^d hei'^efMy finodi Mtoaa
Ik ^ttfO!^ of iaiai^ Mbour/at^^^lU^lfllbAAiy b^ti-lWMHuNt ii^

1wdiraigiif#» IMT luMd^tanPMacirrfiMbiakl, by.iidyt>ai(:aha4i9lil
lbQrdiildiaB,jaiH)o£iiiMBtt4i«llniMrin43 aBdwhytba^abbapfM^
dcathrof thoir falhieK,0h«b«M»e^a?1lMMr;aiiiinr i!r«4^4j^JiK|<||p»
)Wtotrq4AQtM9<^4IMMi'^^^ .i.. • •.. •,.: j .. . ,, ,' p~ '

■ *rbe p^firesse? o|f*iSobkakJ[* witteT^^ reccR*eff ^^^.

Ptioces|^9 of whose ^'pe^oO|aa^.tlie m^s^ with ^0 jUlMiti^^
natrioti we have th^ foU^mlng aci?(fii^^ ' ' ' * /'*""-'' ^

Z' Still yoinv|^,aA|«stfd^ih#liM^o¥e'iati^ «r

m»iMH, the &^t7e bf ber:%il>e;^ iniljertielaunaaldQ'iQf
lKr«aiQtttemlk«i^:tliff bcffliaadf of bertsmpkftlm^i^rittbr i^tlil^.

4U aQ<9obii9^>a» «o «r^^ ^bal^te

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JbfiF frijyiUi^ li**l« «P* We,Y«,ftli^,iwo:mopt^^ had ^^
of the rriiiccss Zamoiskis vhdowhooq, ji v^s thought ^lieceBsarv.
in order to save a|>ip«iratxces, to have the; ceremony perfcrmOT
w}t ^ tht «teo3t pf^acjr 3 andT Pope Inadpettt XII, (the^ f^pit^toUc
MineiQ ln^oIan($ ebnftiiTiMi tlie ai:^itUl,he«edicdoii on tbio ]m^

ubion/'' I-- ; :- u •- "■ .. .. ;

'* • '' ' . ' " ' '. . '

*Ttecpacludoh'is^whi[^^ \ *

v^<lKii8 llid)?>#ntttt0d'htr«rll(yiai^ fohMkk

fimid<i«t«l» MB wiftimM nilrtMiffkrtiil terfhMr pMMif& rtftyb
wcndaiiDps iluiD for IfaB 8dfbhn«M of httr clMiiKter. flb^)Mbfl»
4o«g lik^ii fMvrl ih <te. tftiwls «^ poKiieal iQlriguea ^ which hor

jdut«^iUM9 ftn item fettMi tintifniPllvfii.' ^iA;^ vlFfMViMtWf^
XiQit.{a|iM, lN»neyf|r» Ml |h^^ «|>»t #f^yw4^hn»<ip<y^if»ce/4fef ^4»
|<eKl^.fltf2imo pf b^.4k«rc»i»,jvwhe§. hy>|v?^j^ A? .wtifice ^hi^
iMy fract^ f^r . th«ir ^ujcompli^yoa^t. yet it was long befotp
the native Gandoiir of Sobieski permitted hjm ip discover in a wo^
man, whom he passionately loved^ taults ttoia which he i^aid htb^

. -Tbe^MrMlowioffhiB awn^ (M67>&>biedci,m8iE«|p«4
.MrAte dMhxft^ Pdloriti^ io.ibe ofice of Ciiowai^<AeiMMl)^1te
«AHtai*«9fUtyof tbe]i«p«d^ Healill mtaiBftdtterpaHflf
«itadiMftr»kBU «dkI M^te'wM tte ihit iadfvUiiiil.aliWlMil

of the exdted eBteematftrUOi UbHtteoUaiid thif«eM'>i»^

fc«dbytte«epublk* ' • ''^'''-rut .; -•' - '• '^ - ■ •-- ' ^•'- ';

•Soon »fter thift PoUnd'nms fltta^ac^diqr faert4diBfnett^ eht

imtoh|Ba stf(lft of" liie fihaiiee)i<w4 tEeit;iDy^ the Ufter t^eiM
reduced by fioreign and cbmestit .wii^ il> ^f fc^ween' ten' anf
twelve riiousand men/' and tbe'tiisksuvy^oTow m scaroely abft

•ii<# <i>ig^pifnuwt frt iiiBJi I y !tftp|>tte% iflPHdiHrtad to # ^pweiyeN
flM ^^tilmMtM(^^i»ml!Mthnyim'^mt 4kt MttMMoMMnil.'tf

ilnt fevent'4>o# ycantd which iiwwid hiNit Jwfeli^fiiWWilt
Jhr'tfRnuMliii) If itllid'i^Dt*|irudseed'W tvo pvMif^iMtt'Wiit
iM«h 41 telniiigMI. -ThlMnKtll^tMMMy aMkhtioa «f £».

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want of a strong understanding rendered' hte Tery ^HtMfiHyd
>l(ytM»%He^^n»t)l'^fki « tHWWm tMMMMPMl^M^ his

%ra^g de^t*il>«oh;-th^ ttdi(«rfW«K»f CrffA^

'Itither aji'a inftf6rtune;*ttaH'i>$enem t«irpMan*'^''^*^,'^^^^'<^

5" The "name of *the;new'Ufng^;^'M^ cr fBe^lMI^'Sf

-iin^({<it they had pisopos^d^lHliar difnp)^ taWett^bc^*^
■the "pretensions of a native would he received hy tl^ DielA^*tie
^on proved to them the weakness and {mprudence <rf vmh^
they had Been gUiltyyin nWs^fclirirtg'A Jj^rtjr t6opp6!&'^
tion. Huhwhol^ Y^ghi^ni^f^iifiit^)^^iin90gfi^^ AbMUt

^very ttieasiire •^r'hifl ftdJnioialmtionK^'vte^wouBd'ttftAeiikt^
«est» 6t d%nity oftia^ RdphibMcio'^iilivonAlitail <i^4he*7attioft ttf
fwMi princ^9. ^ Vfte fa^iif^^f 9mi' '#«lcMfdedi 1i»»^!rtig'fatAilfc%

general of that'ljW^tfW^fe.^'Wjdh hy flatt^iyatt* trWfe-

^nidusrtess, thfe g6o8^afe^*iid t^ntlfe^confidciie^ofihe^^
representative of pH^ Jagellohs'. ' »lMjcfi'6el Pik "4m^^^e l^ter
^enemy of Sobieski, vvhpse laurels he envied, whose plans lie eif-
deavoiired on all occasions to frustrate, whos^ mteflrity^ coii«
'trasted with his own selfish poKcy, exasperated bis resent-
jtaeiit,' butj above s32y Vrhtose greiitnw of qifrH' and iBapeiiMly
«f taietit, ^-brUlitfDtly di^layed )n4he riemce 4^ tkk:SktpMii^
iseemed taplive r jpatli to the tlm)iie^<wKaefi^e» the dtaM^lbe
^eientrbeciipaiit' shomHl leafve* it ^tBcaaet, iMdd' himXitthyitoe
'^ery 'ioplpol!tiinity Iff iJukFattiind^'ffiritste the hofo"wlio0frte

' The elevation of Michael/ in additidn to the d^HMM^^fdlAH
niaties it pipdilced, btbfiglH-tte dianiBdiittdf a m¥i4!lvW^«^
^te Ck)s^acbs^ to«^jriio«gHr£Mfes]tf»«lupetodetf se^iOr as to re4
^vet all tii»t ptet 0ftibe Vl^wne-ivUfrlft Ikfr lMtt!eieli^ai^'Bol%
fthd tti^Niesleri tlfe /kbreairi^ 39lGrrMo6i^fto plafie ^^
dfer- irti4er the prdfebm'<if'4he fFirnkS; ftiine«miiiB''iil%i«iltf4ife
Ciown-r£fen^'^elbkiH!:W'«0[ih(£ flti^httHiMi l!V»<M!#M«U[,
fbduaid hisi t^'6itopendfihai^tt^j;fot«A tiin^tiiift^^ibtttl^i ihtt
i!maeii#;o( li)efRe|yiaiie*4» lijiti^^
OttwMliKMiWfrer Ami loMbkfjngiiflMlMlf^Ha ^cdt^^

jiesaioa oiwkiA iyiM|ii9iiariiilOTiiffnrMiirtwniilri 1?ttiA4rf>AHlii'»

..flW5»JBii>thii^j«rfelg^irfa(^^ ,,^ :,. ..,/*.

, .n;iaim.it»ni<wiiBi- iMmidi jviifenitivilertM^ 2i»f

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Kill Si9l«iyM(i!«q!H9ff^ .to WviMWp vi The Semte was aflscmbie^^
W^ib^ri^ilted to t^^al^.ta.cpiivince. both: that assembly aofl
t^l^^fff^tb^ fpUo]r,df tf^mfi^xig with the conditioiiaalEeMd
by the Cossack^*. H^ faileiU • jSlkbaal was iooorrigibley and his
iW^ftitWfU^M the SkoatQ/ppimured by Jtbeir artificer a jrc^aqtant
iW^mtJtf TtA lei^ne^^vbieh. Sofaieaki was persuaded to joio^ ^?i
rfaWPfid PBjsag ^be.ip«EK9^.QoWAftrto dethvoM thf^jQag.
>3Sb^ plaa^f^Med, ¥ tbe^ideaiaaded of Michael a new di^*' 'At
mm^^i*wA MUlbae}> Movioled of various acts Qfiiifiistj«wi,
imbecaityy and. .fliwWi|;.r.viabitio» ot the Pacta Comm^Of ,Qf
GompSjCt between the people and himself, was told very pro^
•fttdyi and with* dignityj that he must voluotarily • abdicate,
9f be expeUod from the 4hrpne. The Duke de Loogu^vjlle
was elected King, but hUdfath at the passage of the Rhinq,
:U4M Tbolas, jreprieved Micbacj from hi$ feurs, and leaguing
with'the lower .oxderji of. the nobility against the ^en^t^ au4 Sof
Jmdii, nbo dreiided to.WPlvePUaA^ *» « civil war, Jkjcpt tfaje
Asown.upon.bi^.worthl^&s head a,few y,eai;&}pnger.
' Sobieski^ war b^iog. r^Qlv:^d iupo^». and Mahomet with the
FiMry^atith^ head- of an hundred and fifty .thousand mm upon
the firontiers, took the eommaud of tlie Polish army, of thirty
thousand men. The sultan was joined by 100,000 Tartan,
wd the. Cossaeks under I>orosoensko. Kaminieck, the key
, of Poland, fell into the hands of the invaders. But on the other
]iaa4, the Cossacks ^.nd the Tartars were repeatedly and severely
defeated by their former conqueror, but tl^e liberation of thirty
thousand captive Poles from the chains of tiie Tartars was tl^e
noblest trophy of his valour. In the mid^t of hi^ victories he
wasappalled by the intelligence^ that i\m wretcl^d IVliplicM^l had
ef]|$^luded.a<pe^K«l with the Turks.atBoudcha^^ every {urti<<te of
fifhichrffl«ot«d disgij^e upqn. PoW>d^ v
5)1 Td ^aewYe,.' the(iidimMag9^ he had gained, ;Malu>met traoi-
•iioti|ed«(Ahe rjiihiibitantAiof -PodoUaf^ito the eastern aide c^f the
X))aoiibe„^ phfced two thousaod i>pahisin their desolated pro-
i4nde, and encamped eigh^ thousand Turks at Chpc^im, for
^bc'P^TPM^ of ,0nfpr(*mg ^^be s^bniis^ou' of Polar^d.*'
I This tpj^alty illegal.i si^we it wa^a. cpnpjudpd, withp^t the cqH'
.loitof theiS^Aate>.waisubs^veii»tly ^et atiidv^ through the ji^^^auly
-l«irW!nHiw»^;<tf fio^f^,^n/$iUJPii^,; tUa vyhole fpic^s

4iiV.l 1.H irftJ4^iltUiiii^i''*Mi >ii'i ,ilti iii/i if»iiiiil .ir ■ ■ .1 it*iA I, I'.i 1 >

♦ Have the public remarked, anion j the YiihtWiitrM)l6iT^fSmi6s of ttie'Xfttes
in Vl%«ik(«, wAft%mib9tSt^i0mMaubiUaMM9{ iMtmfttgrie, <AbaMV««d lAriaine,

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<if.lbe Bffp&bUc were placed afc M& ilfqM)M
and the honour of Poland. Or\ his mmch to that loMS^ Jtt;
met Mtk the Turkish envoy heurng tluf ^Mfihts^]' $^^t^^
etin^tstiVare^ to MichaeL The haughtiness of the' entof fx£pt
Sobiefiki exclaim, ^^ By St. Stanislaus,! apon t^mplM to RJ|<HW|
iht insdente of this Musulman hy shaving.liis beard V' femiipeafe
how^rer, for faia c^cial character ittduc^ Ibe CroariMSiMml
to litllaw him to proceed. Tkis oiaKGh was fietCaemed 4m fki)
4fif^ of fvinter, and was otherwise atteftdrd* wMl«to»Biaaf 4li«
stales, that it is justly r^arded'a^aae .of the oiMMfttViOTl^
UliigfQiineeord. The accoaotof'theatwwitigf aliA tbe MRK
«ls^«eiB the animated language «fouy Mttehr. * ^ ' ' ""

'" It2 Uie begittQing of November SQbieski ap|keiured before Urn
camp Ai Choczim. Had any other eKoitement bu t thiit of j
ism been requisite to call forth, h^ the approaching c6m
Hie taleats of the crown-general, he wtjuld have round it in
spot on which he was about to grapple^ for the flriedom of]
comitry. It was the same on whidi his ifhistriourf fiithe^rlfi
fifty years before, immortali2ed himself frf defiMtij^, JEigi&ln^Hli
sultan Osman and his immense forces, an enciiiiipmetrt'oii'^ilff
«efv place which his sod w^ls now ab^ut td attaekv ^. . * o. .^ a
i ** He fouBd the town of Choc«im diftlelided bf a lii^ dksfattl^'
the right eide of the riTer, and the head of the iividge M tW left;
covered by a sthoog fort. The Turkish army, consisting of euriiJ
ty^thouBand veteran troopa, was eoottnaBided bf &» aettiBKkl^ !&«
aeim, a pupil of the great Ki«perli. ' ' '

" Hasseim had e&hausted the country for many leagues round^
\Ti plentifully supplying his camp, when the Poles, who were coiji^

•equently deprived of the means of procuring -^ — ^ — ^ ^'^"^

and a great proportion of whom had never beeb
appealed ^fore the Turkish army.

many necessanes,
in 'a6«6al servicer

:^-'^

«On the night of their arrivaS a council' of Wi(t %fas^%d!<f tf
ike Bolieh oficers, at VMch ^obiedci iMd a^it^th^'mortSffcatfem
^O experieiice that he had more «o dt«ad f MM fe»'nMlita!tHbttM
ihao l^om h\% open enemies. Paa »»pBiyMi aU ^his^^iaMMuil^jhl
4(tlii1g' forth the ininiease im^iisditf ^h^& h^tM^n #ttl^I^4Mii
mnfft give battle to the Oltomansr aodms^ntafrMtHa^^^'tiillx^^
it^ was to expcie^'toeettala destruetion<thd last resource t^HK^'ip^
public; In this temerity he deeki^ he waa iMrdctermiEed^ tioi^ttr
share, that he had come to the ife^OlatiOn of #ithdrawi^"' hfe l»i-
^hcmaians at the dawn of moi-iiing;,'tO]^neservfe fteaalhtTOeftit^
jervi»oftbe5Teoutttry. ^:- : :— -m^v -fh V, v-r, .^

•r '*-SoWeski, httrtwsed bat^ot ^y*«tt Iriitt ^t^fiOfmm^ «*?
ciOiOtianed.^iid ill-timed opppsi<tSii|MSo»«tly tiyfirt/tflji^ilil^^sit^^
4vidreiGhocsmi had not disclosed to Mm on^ dyfi^Aftj^t^aanli^

v^elEi he .bad. no* aataoHMM^'^iAd' teMoMf p^

that r.'thfr Qa]9rci|aifoffttt»a^4»l|iilia]i»' Ml- MMM MMiM^^ '•Vtf

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tHipi<jfifi»t^rt<WrtiPil «f M9> wbo ntiistbe-weit awM^ A}M;
l)]l att^i^ptuig to r^tim be6>ce an enemy of fluoh -svpcorioi^ fbik«t
ii9 sbotfu expose tiU troon to greater peril thun In: ^idlf
i^^tacking biuK He •41^, thdt the only faTour lie ^bfMiH
djik^'ot'^e gvanJ geneial of Lithaania wiia» not to /wtfhdre«r
tt[''lni>kd,Vitii^ed tlM first onset between himself ainl tho
iBaiiiiitf^f US eomnttf. ' ' '[ >

Ml «M pfimi cgtiM^' tMr Tilf!C«iife of fiHf^nes^ ahd tem-?
1 1» Ina fhMtf. '< Bm;««} MvsMf, and' fond of glorv, even fiW
/. 'aMid Hit #tfaMia»a^ liiiMi' to penevere fn wMs1ioMlng%ii'
g«|pfft»B^iB.tlMapfMOMlii«|^«anAk«r wliicli, if ance^^Ailikiiti^

ofBoIaod, mmme^iHtr JMr^sbnoaoiona with glMy^ btit enMI
on ttioaa wiio i^toooh^iiowiiail thould deac^rt her caoae, indeMbitf
disgrace.

..Theerotia genaml was at this* very ttiae ac^uaiirted with eir^
camataiMeB w£|ich promised o^nsidcrably to aid the Polish Ibroes/
Viat arhlch he awU not di?«lg?e, without great iinpnidenee in thsi
piMie coanoii The princes ot Moldavia and Wnlacfa^, YA^Mf
ipqeaacd by the heaighcincss and disrespect whieh the^ had«e3«|M«^'
fieiuadfroiiv the saiaskier Hasaeim, who hiid'actttally'stn!iicA?*ih«'
Ibumer with hie HM^ONaaa, had offered Sobseaki to jofo h{»iH)nttffnyiP
ii|.;the Jiaat of the hatUe } iind as An ^earaesl of their fip4efidly dis^
position towards hioBi» they daily sent hinn secret advioe of 'ev«r}^
tfiia^ of imimMMe whioh was traosaoted in tlie Ottoman eaaiik

,f' Ojfk the 10th Sohiaski Jiaii prepared «very thing for battli^;'
hpty instead of immediately beginning the attack, he kept his
s^rinaotive^ though vader anus, the wliole of tiiat dty andlht?
ensuing night, tt was a night of intense severity ; snoW'fell'iir
abundance, aud the soldiers suffered dreadfully h6m the M>«jt r
IKitthe^aumtple'ol Sobitski silenced every mamiir. lie repeat-^
adly visited in |M|K$oa'tiDerdifferehC posts; and refustng'the sheltiN*
of ^4«iit^ ha rss|ed« hiaasetf on the carriage -of a cannon dtir^n^'
tjiaraaaiiiidiwf tbto memorablo inght, e&pesed lo^n 4he^isdeM
«tiQi|y^1htfiasfitlM». / ' . . • • ■ ..•.,(••;

•. As^ hafsk-of:ida)r,she'poliey of his oonduct beeatee nanlfcst:'
MuehiUrbil^^tM^^HKf hM^Avfiemhy f«mainlDg twemy^ibvr hotir#
liiMler iGaas.;iii'Bttch, savaif^ weather ; the Turks;- vi^io Hf«ns eoni*^
yHsA iif^f^s^vr $^m ajwrnp^e in their owtt defence, hadsaffin*etf
i«^{ut^.^ffM»ra rAcaiirt^med. to ,a*iinild dimatc^ tiieh^ strengtM
was whpQy e^^u^tfHl.hy'bva^^mgthe'hardshffpaof'^be-night^ an^
Sttb(}jie4. jn^fi^ra ilBt^m}^^^ I^UJir^d ^hat thsjr i^old ^tiretaiMt
takp sopiVrepoffi t0WJw4s iqorning. ,

As ifici^mnffg d^-light discovered to the watchful' Sobieslrf tMf
^hkiness ^bf theCKtoman ranks, he turned eagerly -to thfe^olBccr*'
Wid ^mm4^lM^y «yai|lmit^g» fThie is the moment fborwhi^fe^
I jjiwrnt lM»fH.|mH il^ij rsnry mjr oi4erS'foi< an immedhite tfetaclF.4
Than pbi^rjif^ .that.<the ^rst brigiide, dispisited by iheftr^ >lsita^
n^krvB^, 4j4 ^a)^;aa the pi^omptitude he^ wished in obeyn^
hi^^ j^ inm^H DMide his ontnif^gteent of dragoona, wliom^he

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S40 PahMT's Life qfMm SOieM^ JBSmg of Poknd.

had himself formed^ dismount 3 and plittiag hiimcif at its hoMl,
he led the way to the Turkish intrendmients. . ' «**.

" The sight of th^r revered copsmander fightnig on tbeffam*
parts of the enemy ^ exposed to a heavy fire, and supported- only
by his dragoons, kindled with the quickness of iightning the doop-
mant fire of the Poles. Trembling for the safety of Sdbieski, aftA
eager to purchase it with their own lives, they rushed impetttooal^
on the right -and left, seised peat after post/aad ia « shart tte#
turned the caanon of the enemy agaanst himsetf. •

'' The Turks, surpriaed^ beiwiU«vad, mad pceasadLMMftaidii^
fell or fled so &st, that the camp, soon cavemd with the dyin^and
the dead, presented no longer .the apfMaraa«e of aconfls^^.fani
that of a complete rout. On one side were seen flying squadrons
of the enemy, who, to avoid the pursuing Poles^ madly precipi-
tated thems^ves from a rock to meet certain death on the cra^
beneath > on the other, broken parties of inftmtry, driven bade
from the crowded citadel, where they had vainly sought i^elhge, toT
fxpire beneath the sabres of the victors. Multitudes of the eaiiil*
ry, finding their course checked by the destmotion^f the bndgea
across the Niester, plunged into the river ; and the small ntembtr
of these, who in defiance -of the rapid aunreat» aad fice oi Am
Poles, suGGteded in reaching the opposite side, sought irftiyi
under the walls of Kaminieck, v-

" During the prelude to this scene of carnage andh^nror^ Sobi-
eski had been every wh^re, animating, leading on his troapt^ and
turning to his own advantage every error of the enemy. His vie*
tory had left the river covered with ten thousand turbans, while
the earth was stained with the blood of twenty thousand slain,
among whom were eight thousand Janiaalries.

*' Great as was this day to the crown gelieral, whfA eonsideref
merely as exhibiting his military talents $* to apptecitLleJutfttyatt
the merit of the hero of Choczim«fH is oosessary^to bcfeptia toinii'
the glorious object for which he icnight 1 - atid jthe: mmnynilim^mAm
which envy, midevolence, and jealousy oompetted ^im ^OilwaMummk^ •
before he could render the. ajrmy wluch' he hud fimatedj tjio anrttur
ment of his country's ^maneip^ion. Hjisteiy fiwpishfaH».with
no brighter example of genuine patriobisih> of strength oCrfnlnd^ ^
of talents equal to the. acQompUshment of an pl^ect wbo(^ '"^^N^
nitude and diiEculty none but a great soul cbuld hafe cbnte^
^ated with the just confidence of achieving."

The death of Michael, which by a singular ooiupden^ hap-
pened on the day when this splendid victory wm fpf^Ap t^wipg .
the throne vacant^ a diet of convocation wassiwrnon^d togKsA
on the ISthof Junuaiy, l&7^, but the nfQem9^^fimMf9f4k^
tiMT^Mif Chocsim postpop^d the debate* till tha it>|rifallnwinf

TToheconclvdcd vi oiiryiexi^ * K^ .

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•{•->4«1/M^«

<Uc:

Art. II, — The .Bumopet or.. Dial ^rf Ltfe ^xplai)ied. To which il^

adiedi a Trmutatiqit Of St.' PauWvus^s EpiatU-to CelanHUy on the

^'kmle qf^Chnttkm Life$ (Zfii an, Elementary P^iew of general Chro-iX

^•aJo^. By Gkanvillb Pevk, Esq. Author of "T^e ChTistian*i

' fikrtey;' *c: ' SwdM IMi/iorf. l2mo. Tp. 309. Murmy.

7itt labdumof ^nir inost AistSngiii^lied irioralKsts have beea>
incessantly directed tivilile awakening in' the human mind >a
jitfrtfconfsWtettilSon'of 'the iirtportant purpb^*s of oof existence,
an<t of the dtitv tvfe owe' to oni%elves to spend an honourable artd
nteritoriotis life. That* tHey hive not been attended with uni-;
versal success, cannot be denied; but that they have rendered:
inestimable services to the moral world, is sufficiently apparent..
The writings of Addison and Johnson have each formed an era ,
ia the republic of letters; the former, by their familiar style and;
elcgaiit simplicityi — the latter, by their polished periods and^
de&terity of argument: and both, by blending eutertaiAHient^
with instAMlion, hate impercepHiMy etcited'the mos^t pdwerfiil:.
Mriexledstve interest, and impnrred the heait by itiAMUihig Ihft

oHod.'' . • • > , . m: 2;. . •...'. ..-^

The object of the work before its'; is ^ jjtimulate refteetiott,'^
by establishing a bioscope, that, up We^camination, wilt point
out the progress of life,' and the diitS^^ sUitable to eatti of its
divisions. Slich an undertaking is by rio mifeans free fit)in dif- \
ficidty : the instability of life, and the imperceptible gradations
towards old age, present many obstacles. No precise limits.
eiB'be fixed, aiMl many will refuse. 0^ rebate their opioions
etnceming the progress* and decay df tfaehr own tines *by thib air- .
bkrtry ftiles- of a mortal being. Yet the hnqiiiry may be * instiv *
tuMdrupon^genety^nciplea; and it isr'by far the mostitkipoiw'
taM wcf-can'^ntefupon. • Former #rrte!*s h^ve* argued fiowcf-^;
f\a[Hy^tipOM the^§everaPdW^n^ ctf'hnriiari Hfe^and the 'idai-'
of 'rtigtilsttlrtg our eldmhiet snitaMy fo thdr progress ha^' beerf*
often *d^*ctfnfed on; • Jt hfa beenvhowever; reserved fbi* Sff/;
FeilhV td*sySt^rti«ii:6 Ihe opinioiVs of others* by hts owh f^fl^c^"^
ti6ns,'and to'arraYige tlie W'hole ;as a gjiheral standard for rc-^y
ferenoe. • • ••''•' '•'• ' •• • '

'TOifeaaifrtbiyiifts llbaate divided i<>m s^nty^e^es, M^iis-
ptnttflg ^ik^^tMkibkt ^ fam^iif^U^k^ autffo^de«M*thttq:
avmge>dte*Ni»wrf1ifec H^ supposes that the sev«n>dedlln»»^
dkAiM#««i4li« sluAll'r^0iMyrJ|lfo'»ev^ra) WV^^ o!^ htftAati^
liliWW«iai<Tiar»(rfetoes' lea>HtM^<feertMff '(f^ttlhi^fe ttppMaiilitfif^iiil
son^e portion of thos^ is<iven p^iods ih ^ %h&t ;n{iftural progresa^.
Tltf^ divifflon^ <i&m\fk of childh6od,';^outh> tiianhood, "TigoUfl
inkoift^, decline, 'ttld'di^<»r)r.'«^ v. \ i . • .

Crit. Rby. Vol. II. SepUmber, 1815, 2 H

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1

242 Pem'i\BiDiCfp:

No individuali however frivolous bj habit, can eooteoiplate a
scale, presenting the rapid and inlperceptibte gradations '6t»iii
youth to decay, without the most serious' reflection upon his
own isituatioa. . |le n^ust consider tb^t Kfe is divided into past,
present, and futvure;~ihat tlie past is this qply portion of which
we are certain ; (and few can aerive much satisfaction from a
vetrosp^tijvefMn^ey i)^A— that the presepitris-tb^ shortest; aii4. hi
fact scarcely exists pit, filU Seneo^ spf^^ of it as being ^^in
Qgotipual pc^^agi^;. it almost ceases to bet befora we are well
aw9^9 thalf it ise so that we^ at fdl tiff^ i^tb^ peiQeive it <a .W
g^m> tb^ we at any time dij^^ivUdoj^p.f Qqnce it m^usft
be cQnduded, thats jn'^^^^t (imei^ no ofh^.i^p the f^frffit^iU
jHmffe ofjkture time m)2> pa/sU If in fti^ ex4p)inatiQI^ thcro-
fore^i^f our life, we oaD 4^ive ^o- plea^vure^ no- self-gnrti$49a^oa
from the pastj or the present, it is obyigiiBa jthiU the futim^
which is uncertain and sopn absorbed in the past, can present
iiotbiag but gloom 'a!¥4j>^l^xHy. Th^ti^ese reflections rafu$t»
oceur to those who d^yote any portiqn 9f ^heir attention tg^
self-exa9tinatiooj i^ obvious ^ and ^ tb^ value of Ufo caastsl9t
not in time itself, but in the profitable employment of it, it ia
impossible ^ reflect on >this vitotly jo^pqi^ffl subject, without
in. siomfi 4eg?iee co^iden^ghpw ^r. our conduct corresponds
Md k^^ pace with.tjb^Q,i^id transit of liff .

Our aptlioF, sttpp^^uijig.seventy years tfh \^ tb^ natural 4ui9^.
tipn of our ejgstence, classes it und^rt tN^ee.fjimQral divisions, vic^
yoMtb, middie.life, and age^ These ceistaiiilyxonstitute! tbe proni^^
uwt periods of Uff^j^ndcGy^pri^eevery^maUef 0n4ation^tl«oii^
which we impciroeptibiygQde in our i^apid prq^grc^s taet^nutjr^
It, is. difficult to fix, vKJith itp^mpacy the limits (4 th<^ vaiiofis^sttb^
divisiiHIs of our beM[ig>b<<yQpd the geQeial:obsiNfVf^t^ns,of;manr
kind, or to adopt a^ eerl^n stan<bni f<^ the progress and di^
caj :of tjhe f^ejoLJ^ apd bodily functions), b^pause tbey nevei>
l^e^ppace with each, other; aj^beciM^sei^eyvary witU^nr-
^titatipn, habit) f»ppartiinUy^ or soiU. Th^re, ih however, one^
rat¥)ml method of. d^awwe the line of demarcation, whiph, if
it-be ^ot appUcablt to indiyidiial capws, m»]&^wiji;bet adopts aur
a general principle; and this plan our author has choseib .In
e^9iil4ing Ufa^at a^v^nty ye9r% he diyides tht%|Hifl>har by thaee,
aod twporti^nt an eq|aaitj|ff;iodt^ «Hb ^. tho.prMUi^ea^ 4i«ir
siona of> life. , . (1; ,.. ..'.:«

i.Ttejfifftttif^faityrthreeyearii c^mftm tb^^seascm of yoajkh»
P^oji^ thU.thpughyeii(^a!pid^<l^P«#rA9H>«i^ butrtiUile mflte*
tiofvisan bq elijaitAd fipQn ^the f^9tP^p^Mi^rhy tb^,a£kQpM<>*'^
%w ct^9)of 4>f4mon6^ Ouc>avAbpr^i9i49 iM^n^e^wr^ offemd*«Wf
judicrotts remarks on this dimion of. iiU Wl^Mtv • B»g>ejBtMnJtb»

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\ <it Ufe^ Im hjlb hftd gttfitet scope for his olxiervdfidWs ;
y«c4t ^p«ar» to hi^ve cost himf soAie ^iifficofty, the' finding lan-^
g«fegis oatcufated to cKmvhice those i*h<J may have made eoii-i
rfderable progrresa in it, that this tefrm liommenced' trt ttventy-
(bfee) and terminaied aH abMt fony-^. He obnetVea*-^

V We.n^t;d9ifiQ tQ OQpaideir t|ie. middle. agiea of li{e» iv]b*«!b
ponsiderat^A opeos tp ua a deficjEit^ ta«)u^ ;For what .^ig^ ^fe; w^e
ito comprehend under. Uiaf4f no|aiiDaXiQii.>^ / i>ot a mAU tfiiddie
ofi^etj at fifty-fiyeV is a very common (^ues^ion with the; worlds
To give a Full, answer to ihat question, it W9uld iirst be necessary
to 111 ilhe iheahing o^ terms : till that 'point is settled^ xhy Answer
fe; • hfOk at the Dtaf: ' tJlileiss b c^ittt/ were the avwagfe''eitjtent
of human life, ^^-ftot could not, by any mode Of Ctmipiitfdl6n^
be rendered the p^i^He age of life. By middle, I apprehend we
must anderstaod, equi'diitdnt between two extremiti^; an(J by middle
aged, equi-distaat betv^een tire two extremities of the years of life.
These middle ages, therefCft-e, must dotnpfise paris of a^ the three
niddle deeimals bf life, (manhood, Vigotir, and pri^tuHty) in their
growth and succession; to the 'ihiddle decimal o^ wl^ich alone,
the denomination of middle hge ill property belongs.

, " Now, ' he that is youngest/ says Bishop Taylor, * hat}) not
%n* io fiVe; he thtft fe *ri|rkRTY,VaKT*Y,ir*ti^Tir'yeti!^ Old, hath
irpeht 'most of hfe life, a«d hi^ drerim fe'alriiftyt done j and In* a very
lew tnoAtha he must be dttt ihio Mit <^^i»ii^l^pnftiol^/ ^If this bfe
taly tbe daise/^-^aadiM la wiser 'tiO'b«li(»t«r'|bM^ WhcPMfMAr> than
Ihasc wha> 4hink itot/'->*«heMr(iiiMdlrag^will io tvell to a^^piy
tli«MifAiffe#.withatteliti4Ni^lAtM!tontea|>hi*icm*fiPiM .
. f' .Xhese three mddte de^malarx^Mo^riai^ |l iMge . jprofKlftion ni
Me, consisting, of its iWK>st.efl^eat peripdfv % , i^, it i^ io tJl^se t^uiae
periods. tbat.e9^pei;uu^t^.>¥^s^m.is. ^\}i^^j. g<finf4i if SW ^^' he
^luned at aljl. Xn tnese jeg^rs/the jninfi £rst lp<?gi^,S. to acquire ^
juat apprehension of. the measure of life; and to reduce it froin.ihat
lllasive and visional length, teith wliich it appears iq the mia-
gniaKon of youth. Our ideas' of lehgth and clistance' are relative
and'cdmparalSve. ''Wh€(n ^e caYi tak^ S* distinct Vlek^ of the be-
|lttmifg of atiy tt^lMi^ i¥(i'8ee ami ttfit^t^Mnd its ^^^^Hiionfs.**

' To4bofte whO'>faw«te iiMidecmy pvoJ^mBSiinitfatti'mMdle ag« of
Hkf the ifapM liamitkmi of ♦he early p^od o^ their exfstenoe
^•Wtenkhanataintotisp Mfectibir.' 'Tiicy 9asrptrtehNr<<tk«t
tii^li«nFeRlftaiiied'«h« fitsltetf. nio;t^|flel»ing'#baliF «f the tnwe
allotted for life, without arriving nearer to'the^gpal of^hapffaless
*han at the first cOMimeneement of their journey ; that the pe-
^ of youth; chiefly aiieuf|{|ed;*.wilk AivolottSri«nd diaflpitted
.ywautlta^ has transinred^ like a dream, leaviiigrmthilig'tiehiAd
•tefrthe.atifagieif JMOilkfyin^veeoileetio^ '<Nbv will they d«rh«
«tucbit«lBlK7tiM 'Mm^ Ibe exiHn)fflilk>« 4rf> AMip pv^ h»

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34^: fj«uf^ 4(9«€opr*

is composed of petty iacidents ; that itis* chequen^ by fifHe
hopes and fears^ growiog, for the mo^t part, oat of eauses too
frivolous and inconsiderable to merit the slightest attention iriMB
a rational TiUid,, VYith thesjo or MQiilsff. i^ections ought ths
great mass of mankind to contemplate the awfulness of their
situation in the meridian of thek cottt^te; and the raf^idity with
Tirhich the first half of life has glided from them, conpled widi
the recollection of the nttmb<^ that aire snatched frooi the
world in the zenith of 'their gaiety and enjoyments, must occur
to. their minds; and to those^ not wilfully blind, produce the
most salutary ^ect» ,,Yet^ ^ has been most powerfolJ^ and
truly obseriredU- , ,,,- ...

f' At e^(y man suspects himaeU; a jfool, ...
^ * Kjiow8.it ^\fwi}^^ ai^4 ^rfojfm^ his^plaa^ . .

At j^^y chides hif ipfc^nous delays r . . . . -

Pushes his prudeut purpose tp resolve j
^ In all the magnanimity of tbQught , . ,

Resolves^ and r^^i^esplyesT-then dies. tVe same."

We arrive, at last, to, that cheerless period.. cf e^usteaoe \m
ivhich, we must all j^iprbacfa, if we liy.^ l(H)g enough-*-4o that
portion of life which p9A .present no glaidness pf jto own to giU
the memoiy of the pas^ or inspire cheerfulness for the presestb
^f All the comfort that can be now expected,'' observes oar
great moralist, - <^ must be recalled fhom l<he po^f, oip4>eiira#ed
Arom Ito fi$,tuipe. * The past is very soon exhan$tedy'*''idl 'the
events or actions, ofwhich the memory canafibrd plettMore^'tfat
quickly recollected ; and the f ottnre lies beyond the grave; whcit
it can be reached only by Virtue and' devotion. ^P«^ty is flic
only proper and adequate relief of deca}ing man. He Att
grows old without reli^ous hopes, as he declines into imbeei^,
and feels pains and sorrows ince^ssafitly opwding upon ban,
falls into a gulf of bottomless misery, in which every i^ecoUei^
tion must plunge him deeper, and where he finds onlyne#
gradations^' anguish, and pi^eeipices of h«r#or.^'' Thesedbk
remarks none will derry the force ^^ die onlydiCettlty will h^
to arrest the progressr of frivolity ^tod miltt^ntbu^wiih^imM*'
ness suffioieiittiven at this period of lif^ to'^fodtKrdnaedilalkrti

•Our author procteds^^-^ • ••. • * •<

■ • • -I , ... • <•» I II t

'' Do you 'Can a man old it sixty f asks the ^oi4d : "bM 'Mell'%
tibe w^iM's gcHierel system of colluslbn and mutual" coiifklVKrfd^^
that the domtooB altewer to th^ quostlM h^Nmf 'Bttfe>here> liigkHf;
*ir4S.hAvc needrlo $x^an4 det«ittiae rth»;$ij^)titefl(tioli' of itannsr iByt

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Ofeib faidt0ld/l apprehend we must understand the having outlived
ihx ihe^gresdoi pmrt'Of the avera^ number of our years, and, of
coiiiae, tuivingilMrt a small portion of that number remaining,
^^4aiMloM .^eiog relative notions^ and relative to a fixed and ge*
aeral meaaure of time in life ; between fifty and sixty, and between
Qixty and seventy> out of seventy years, certainly establish, in dif-
ferent proportion^ the relations of age, or oUlness: as the poet m
adventurous enough to say^

• If truth in «pite df naantiers^ must be told^
W^y truly Mty-five is something old.

"That tdlf statement may not appear so contrary to the com-
mon Cypinion of mankind, as it is to the ptirtial feeling of </^toorM;
let ua enquire, what was the opinion of the wisest heathen nations,
before age became so much an object of irritation and jealousy.
According to the^Oreeks and Latins a man was called ircstrfivlrj^^*
pernor, that is» elder or Mged, as aoon as he had completect his forty
ninth year and had entered upon his fiftieth ; and be was called
yepuxy — senex^ that is, old, from the age of fifty-six to the end of his
life. If now, keeping in our mind the definition which has jusC
beengivenof oget&tey^^ and oldness, we carry our eye to the Bios-
cope, we shall receive immediate demonstration of the truth and
jhstness of that ancient designation. He who has entered his last
decfmii} but one, i8,in all certainty, aged; and he who his entered
liis.Iast deeimal, \», in all meaning, o^d^ though others may be
<dderr

..Suoh ase the nwiit outlines of . this useful and respectable
puUication. Our author's division of life is well founded^ and
calculated <q excite reflection. If there be any errors^ they
must be imputed to enthusiasm in the cause of religion. Yet
they will hs found to occur but seldom^ whilst the reader will
discover exceilenoies in almost every page.

It is with rduotanoe that we can bring ourselves to notice
any point, ia wUeh our opinions do not fully coincide with the
ptt>p6uoder.of s0.,HUich truth and wisdom* We must, how*-
^ver^ dissooit from his observations on the ^* Macrobiotic Art^
QTi'Art of prolonging Life/' . The writer of the ^^ Code of Lon-
gerrity," (thepubUoMion in which, the prinoiptes of that art are
deyeiofied) thas givea uoibnige to our author, by his attempts to
incseaw ihe^ ^rdmary duration of Ufe. In tiie code it is ob-»
served, that ^^ the bills of mortality convey some of the most
importont instructions ; by means of ascertaining the law,
Vi^^goumistiifi^waste qf human life." And ^Hhat if any per-
son, possessed of a plain, but sound understanding, and whose
healdi is Qotrmatoialiy ii^iired, will carefuUy peruse its pa^esy
iMi wilLapirfytiiefiiats therein contaiMd^toliis own paiticulaf

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244 P^ftfiV SmcofM.

•tase, oceadtonidlf calUt^ in tlieasmfancfe t>f,«li tel%litened
medical friend, wlien any important alteratica takes place in
hU constitution or bodily fuiictions, he ean haidly fail to add
from ten to twenty , or even thxl-fy years^ to iais coMTOftTABUS

EXISTENCE."

Our author, speaking on this subject. Introduces the opinion
of Sentca. " What does it matter," says that great n^ordlist,
*'how soon you reach your end, since you must inevitably ar-
rive at it? We ought not to be anxious to Hoe « Ibng whUcy but
to Uve long enough* To li^e fon^- depends upon- &te, to live
long enougkr—on ouTsdves. That life is Umg yvhich is JiM:
and it is full, whenever the mind h^ repayied. it for tbe
^measure of its tin)e.*^ It cannot be d^Mblbed .tb>at tbose
Whose lives are pure and upright, nmd wh^tiiue' not watttif
outwardly sanctified, but inwardly devoat, db. hot require ate
tttensive prolongation of thia ttfe, to pnepare them for the
next. If the uniform tenor of their existence ivaii been auitabte
to the purposes of their creation, then, intie^, may "it be
^aid, they have lived long enough.' Yet where shall 'we 'find
the individual whose life has been so strictly in accordance
with rectitude, as to make hlin prepared to welcome tbe
approach of death. , Seneca, in the reiqiM:|c .just quoted^ sup^
poses a state of mental purity Ihat will n^rdyat.if ever, be
found : and our author with a mind elevated by the sublimity
of his subject, and altogether forgetting that his work ia
addreased to erring morials, has adopiled an ideiC, wliiob how-
ever, beautiful m theory, is not applicable to ^^ciely, even ih
its primitive state of aimpUcity, .nmck less in an age of frmlkj
and licentioasness. * ' '.

<< What should we think of a youtlB,^' says e^r auAo^,
^^ who should, in the smallest degree, cave to govern bis view
laf life, by (that which is the avowed object of ! the ilfffcroNo^
•art) the prospect of adding t€n,4wenty, or fevet^ tMrtf jemSf of
twfifottable existence to the end of his smmUwihoyearf" Hfe
speaks of the mode of prolonging, life recomttieiided in the
^' Code of Longevity'' as an ^^artMdoU 9Ufmw^mmtkfnf' and
utters a pious ejaculation, on > the ad vantages of our aatural'IME;
an not having '^ imposed upon as the additioaat task of^kAmN
hig for a tittle more old4tge,'' We hatve no gKatcr^deaire than
Mr. Penn, to observe in youth that overweabinganxie^aad
fhoughtfulnesS) that may be deemed unnatofali*' the- apdi^ af
life: yet We should rejoice to see them in toittedegMe reg!0-
lated by the precei»ts of the Macrobiotic Ait: and - this would^
^laauredly, be the ease, were parents moi^e aManti^ than tbey
ails ^ Uiehealtkaud monal habitaof their ehildma* FuM

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Hie tifejoetiDttB of iour anrtbpr to thie avi, it wonid svppeor tbut

tkere was sometdding very vepugmtit in its principles, and that

itaeffiectf.werestUlcttOTeta bedreadddi- In fact there is nd*--

thing new in the system : its leading principles are to be found

i» tibc writings of 'tin oilr momi^;'it merely recommends

temiMtance^ TeifuiB»ty,«and a cafeful abstmence from every ex-^"

ocas thai m^hftprove hartfQlto the health and constitu(aofi«

eiMHittedodbted^that^n attetitibn tb'the«e points would aiM'

many yea» to our. comfortablbtSxi^sncb? or that iAieir

alrtct observance ' would in faet reiser us^ more moral and

BMire happy? Butour author^ admittitig* that a correct life will

aMto its owiii«h«atkAi(y hoMsthts up to his readers, as erea-

ting an ^^ artiGkttf tapemnnttation^' t^ his ^' seventieth year, •'*

and the <^ Wkming fopr a little more'^ht age/' We are realtf

at a loss to conjecture by what arguments such opinions can be

sii^Mted; 'irtiiehTTFIhey raeftffTny*1I«ng, would imply that?

the. extension of life, produced by the Macrobiotic Art, merely

added tp.the period pf suffering age : and that the only resultr of

our eQdeavours^,taprQlQng our existence, would be an inpreauie

of pain, unatteiided.,with any portion of enjoyment I But why

should the addition be to our seuejUUth year? Had Mr* Penn

taken the trouble of consulting the bills of mortality, and the

teblesof cdcfdation founded on them, he would have ptrceired

thaLseventy. years are tht the- mesne doration of life ', sinee in the

oountry not more than one individual in nine attains that age;

aoMl of those lestding in the metropolis only one in tkicteen.^

With this, fact in vie^,> which i» dearly ascertained, he might

liaTAofered some «8eful observations; and convinced hia

readers, that in estimating life at sci'enty years^ he^ exceeded

the It»its of nature^ and there^ulta of experience.

K In dtftrmgi from our author on this pomt^ we> nixnsit observe,

that the «u«eroils excellencies throughout the worh ampljF

Ganpensate. for an em>neoii» opinion, which neither derogsMiea

from his 'good sense in- other n^speets, nor from the substantial'*

vftiiity of bis publication. Mrw B^nn has accomplished in m

most respecftable manner, a^ verydtfficutt undertaking. Tfa as^

octtate with greater certainty, or to ati^empt to apportion mom

raiiMi^iy, the« various duties attendant on each distinct com-

petrtmeot of iowt existenoey wbold ita a ta<9fe both 'visi«>nary) and

absund. "The Andromet^r/fmmed'hy Sir WiHiam Jones, will

dtmoustratc. the'foUy of such aK^priVjeet. This dSstiiiguyMdr

cbavaete«xihgei#>asly:'C#Mnv«d4i4s* A which M^as a^

species of Dial similar to the Bioscope, foraiing ** a scale o*

havt^m attaliteeiltflr«iittH?ttjoym«iits.'' Yet, although he drew

j^<itfr fov^biHgtMciiflltimitUl'Uis o^tti o»iid«tft, and aa a gcrmok

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S48 Martin's CMt^qpke AbAaniicai Arts,

plan of Ufe, it in no fetpact. cnriespoDfcd'Willi tkm^enmmht
adopted; and after vainly appeftkumg hisprogveaaife ackane^
tQ his seventieth yeu^ he died ere he attaiDed tiie -fortf^gblil
division of his scaiei .,.*.«

Each divisioQ of this exiseUent woA isiUnatrated ivith refier-^
ences to classic and nigral wfilers^ acoomftaaied < i)y juAnioaa
Cen)arfc$> displaying a mind stored with uaefiri information, and
capable of the most soand reflectioii. Addison observes, thait;
we make prpvisions for tbialife, as thovgfaK it ^4ircre never tK>
have an end, and for the other as thQU||^ it' wserroever to hxrr a
beginning* To conreci ttiis iHtaUBdiftvence, oar 'author faas^
devoted much labour and reflection;* and it 19 oar deeded dpi*-
mou, thaft the residt of his e&ertionaeannot fail to rendw the
most important benefitslo the canse of relt^on and mordity . a.

Art. III. — The Circle of tlie Mechanical Arts: containing Practical
Treatises on the various Manual Arts, Trades, anA Manufactures.
By Thomab Maktin, Gml Engineer. Assisted i^ eminent Prcfes-
timud Mechanics and Manufacturers. Illuittuied hy numerous £n-
grtdoings. 4to. Rees. 1815. ^ . .

>t

A^Bhave ma^h satisfaction in olFering our 'retearks on the'
present worky which wUl recommend itself to.generai* attention
bytheimportanoeand novelty of the various subjects it treata
upon; feftalthough consisting o< little more than six hundred
quarto pages> we^eoosideritabocA of extensive information';
abounding in accurate details of manufaetering prdcesfles, and
in clear descriptions of ifsef ul machinery.' -

Numerous works of tiie same kind have been paUished in
Germany and France^ as well as in England? but lliose in
higheat eateem have been executed upon so large a scale, as td
d^ive artificers in general of the advantages derivable fnwi'
th^m : such publications being necessarily; confiMd to the H*'
farane&oftheffich, or repositories 6f the leariifed. ' iSindlar'his*
becnl^e late ol the different Cydopfledias: tihe'tepensetdone
has rendered them' destitute of any utility to artiels^ lind w4ioHy»
defeated the purpose which t^y. were designM t^" accotepUsh*:
But thb'VolilfnevWhil^it wilhbefonndto^^ ^wi»t*i

eiier istfaiiMieaHy itsefnlto tradesman, or amusing to^gentlHnev,
wiii^rmlonty^ toMloreasii their stock of knoi^vledge, i8-ttempl«
irom the siigfatest objeotiolk on thi^^gvound; beteg^off moderate
aost, andjoancise diitiensiohs. f • '^ *;^'r • ,

1 CimsideriaghowdiAcultittstoextracli^fb^^
dooft {ira4ticalfy engaged ia^any art^ ftedi^^ nahfelaiit ^thef aHrtoi

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MB^rtim^sCii^qfthelihdiaa^calJrU. £49

t tb^ vnf^HMTfio the attatnment of which they have
devoted much labour, we are sennbly struck with the assiduity
and talent demonstntod by our author, in obtaiuiog^ and de*
velopiug so laxge a varietyof interesting and profound matter aa
appear* in his publication, and which has hitherto remained
ooQce^ed from general curioaity* It is notorious, that artists
and tradesmen are, for the roost part, extremely solicitous to
keep iovioiably secret 4he principles and processes of their re-
spective vocations;* and it has frequently been a subject of
regret, that those most disposed to afibrd information, are ut-
teriy incapable of gratifying their disposition, from total igno«
rauce of literary aocomplishments. Many, also, refuse expla-
nation, from thinking that pnrfessional aremia ought not to be
betrayed 1 but we .believe by far the gcsater number are unwil*
ling to converse on the subject, lest free disclosure of their own
acqdrcmcnte.gfamdd expose their defidencies, and prove that
what they ostentatiously profess, depends not so n^uch on per-
sonal skill, as oh rules and axioms of which they h^ve heard but
the bare mention.

We observe that there is a source of useful intelligence of
which Mr. Martin has availed himself to render his performance
more edifying, and in the employment of which he has dis-
played considerable judgment and discrimination: we mean
fpecifioations of patents. We cannot pass thb topic, without
^pressing our concern that some legislative provision has not
been enacted, to impede the facility with which foreigners con-
vert to their own emolument the ii^enious discoveries of Eng-
lishmen* It isweUkuown, that a native cannot infringe a
patent right, without incurring high penalties; and, surely, it
is the simpl^t jvatice to fxabtct patentees from the surrep-
titious wcroachments of aliens. What can be more mortifying,
than that an artist, who, in addition to great labour, and the
consumption of many stuidious years, has expended large sums
in the bringing to perfection an invention of extensive utility,
shall be in- danger of having his views frustrated, and his akUl
Tendered profitless, in an hour, by the copying of his sjpecifi-
f^tifiisk by a stViNiger ; the liability to this intrusion, (an intm-
ttoaipsbicba if not sapictioned by the laws, may at least be oom-
niitt^jviljboiMi. violating them> must operate not onfy to chill
tb$( acdour as well as to cramp the genius of meritorious mea^
JJHtfl^ likewise, to produce tWr absolute ruin ; fsv a laaohiae
may be constructed on the Continent for one aioiety of thefium
which it costs in England : and in jKumy parts of Europe^ kbour
aiidi w^fl^mQfl^B'Q^yibe often procured at only one-fdiirth/of
Eoglisb wages^-rcireujpstances tb^^e wfaiqh . totally djftqin^lify

Crit. Rev. Vol. IL September, 1815. fi I

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fM

Martin's GreU qf Ae MMmuMcd ArtB.

Ae genuine pfrojector from reaiping aoykenefil fram \tm dis*
ooTcry. ^

We BOW proceed to submit an alphalielml vooiAmkurjr of dM
specific trades and manulftcUires which Mr. Mortmhat iodwlad
in his << Circle of Arts/'

Architecture

Bridges

Baking

Basket*making

Biock*makiag

Book-bindiag

Brewiog

Jl^vicklayin^

Brick-making

Brush-making

Button-making

Cabinet-making

Carpentry and Joinery

Carving and Gilding

Coach-making

Comb-making

Coopering

Cotton manufiBicture

Currying

Cutlery

Dyeing

Engineering

Enamelling

■Engraving

File-making

fbuAding

G4ass-m^ing

Glazing

Gohi-beating

Gun-making

Hat-making

Japanning

Masonry

Mining

Modelling

Musical instniment makii^

NoU-making

Needles-making

Faintin^house

Paper-making

Pin-making

Pipe-making

Planing

Plastering

Plumbery

Pottery

Printing

Rectification

Rope-makibg

Sawing

Shot-making

Slating

Staining of Paper

Starch-makine

Tallow and Wax Chandlery

Tanning

Tin-plate working

Turning

Watch and elook naklag

Weaving

Wheelwright

Wiro^doawMig

Wool^ombuig

tactical Geometry.

If will be readily perceited, that to'give even an ootIfai# of
the procetees of these nmnerous arts/ is much- beyond aur
ix)Wen Oih: lunits, indeed^ will not aHow us to d^ mor^, than
l# select a few of the prominent subjects as they are explained
Iry the author^ and to add such observations as may resm AMI
their cmsideratieift.

- Wetndinthe cbajpter ^ Engineerings an »t which hai
rarely been tre^d of in similar pmUcation^^ nikny obaetf atitaMi
well worthy of practical regard.

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Mi$rHn'^ Ckek qftbe Meekmicdl Jtii. 251

To Iheis^mafks .4x>ncerniog waggoosi on cast iron rail roads^
we shall call the reader'^ attention. It has been said that iro^
i»il-»waysb»v^ not yet received all the improTement of which
they a^e t^scepAibk; but the fullc>wing facts will evince tfaf
great saving of animal power to which th^y have given rise.—*
Mr. Martin says,

*' First with a declivity of one and a quarter inch per yard^ one
borae lakes ilownwards three waggons^ each containing two tons:
6eQond, in another place, with a rise of I six-tenth of an inch per
y«rd, ooe.borse takes two tons upwardsv. Third, with eight feet
rise i« !S6 yards, which is neurly one- fourth of an inch per yard,
one horsp takes two tons upwards. Fourth, on the Penryn raD*
iRray, (s me slope as above) two horses draw downwards four
^waggons, containing one ton of slate each. Fifth, with a slope of
55 feet per n&ile, one bofse takes from Ifi to 15 tons downwards,
and four tons upward^, .and all the empty waggons. Sixth, at Ayr,
one horse draws on al^^v^l five waggons^ each containing one ton
of coal. . Seventh, on thp Surry railway, one horse on a declivity of
one inch in ten feet, .is said to draw thirty quarters of wheat.— r
From these cases, and the known laws of mechanics, we way
pcrh ps safely infer, that where the app rat us is tolerably good
and well constructed, and the slope ten feet per mile, two horses
may draw five tons upwards and seven tons downwards.**

In speaking of the .art of EnnmeUing^ he s^ys^ —

" Enamelling*is thie art of layiYig enamels on metals, as gold,
silver, copper, &c. and of melting it at the fire, or of making di-
¥ere curious ^orks in it at a lamp.**

This art is of such great antiquity, as to render it difficult, or
impossible, to be traced to its origin. It was evidently prac-
ticed by the Egyptians, from the remains that have been ob-
served on the ornamented envelopes of mummies. From
Egypt it passed into Greece, and aften^'ards into ECome, and
ower provinces; whence it was probably introduced into this
country^ as various Roman antiquities have been dug up in dif-
ferent parts pf Britain, particulaily in tlie BarrowSf in which
mifUneb have fomied portions of tlieir ornaments. — ^The follow-
]f^ are instates in proof of the antiquity of the art in tins
country: a jewel found at.Atlielney in Somersetsliire, and now
preserved at Oxford, bears an inscription from which there
is no doubt it was made by order of King Alfred. The gold
4^ given to the corporation of Lynn in Norfolk, proves tliat the
art was^ known among the Nornuuns; as the sides of the cup are
4MnbdlishjBd w^ varipvis figures whose garments are piartly
composed of coloured enamels.

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■^Si Martin's Circle ojihe Meohamcdl AiU.

. The tomb of Edward the ConCessor, in Wefltmiiwter AXbcfj
(uilt in the reign of Henry III. was ornamented with enanacls$
and a crozier of William of Wykham, in the time of Edward IIIv
exhibits curious specimens of the application of the arts of
enamelling. Mr. Martin says —

'^ Enamels are vitrifiable substmces, and are usually arranged
into three classes, viz. the transparent, the semi-transparent, and
opaque. The basis of all kinds of enamel is a perfectly trans-
parent and fusible gloss, Jivhich is rendered either semi-transparent
or opaque, by the mixture of metallic oxydes. M. Klaproth some
years ago read to the Royal Academy of Sciences at Berlin, a very
elaborate paper, the result of much research, ' on the pastes, co-
loured glasses, and enamels of the ancients.* "

From this we learn, that the att of coloming glass seems to
be of nenffly the same antiquity as the invention of making it.'
This is proved, not only from written ' documents, but likewise
by the variously-coloured gLxss and corals with which several
of the Egyptian mummies are decorated. This artpre-supposes
some chemical knowledge o^ the metallic oxydes; because
these are the only substances capable, as far as we know, of.
producing such an effect. Still a difficulty, occmrs; what were
the means and processes employed by the anci^ts for this pur-
pose? They had no acquaintance witli the 'mineral acid^,*
which at present are usudiy employed in th^ preparation *<^F
metallic oxydes.

It is, however, certain, that among them the art of giving
ihultifarious colours to glass must have attained, to a consider-
able degree of perfection, as Pliny mentions the artificial imita^..
tion of the carbuncle, which was at that time a gem in ihftt
highest estimation.

. Durii^ the reign of Augustus, the Roman architeds begkn
to make use of coloured glass in their Mosaic decorations; anrf
it is known that an application of glass pastes waa resorted tor
in a villa built by tixe Emperor Tiberius on the island «^C!a|M.
Several specimens of this coming intO}the hands of Klapnith^
werQ subjected by that able chemist to a chemteal-aiililysis; and'
he has given a very particular account of the several tprocesiM*.
which he performed, to ascertain the component tpasts «f ihe^
different coloured glassea found in the ruins df the above^mbn^
tioned villa.. . , . * ■ ■ '.

Ijiis firs^. attempt was upon the «Diiqiie>red glass, of ^hick"
tHe colour is described as of a lively copper red. The mass wast
opiiq^ue^ and very bright at the pboe of fracture; and' of tsed^

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likMtifiareWSftKeMecUnicalJf^^^ 253

Wxmdttd^gtiiiis finely tritdrated/ he ^fbund the contitaent parti
to be

f» GftAlNS.

i. Siip%. ^ 1«

Oxyde of lead - - •* • 98
■■ of copper - - . 15

r of iroa - - - - 8 '"

jAlumine . - -...-,- 6.
Lune --*--•- -.3

" 195

Ii069 - - 6

300<gr«iBA.

. 'f lo green glaaa he found t^p constiKieni parta the same, but
In different proportions -, both receive their colour from copper.).'
and the reason why this metal produces in the one a red^ and in
the other a green colour^ depends on the different degrees of oxiv
gination -, it being an ascertained fact^ that copper in a state of
ft sub«dxyde, that is, only half saturated "wt(h oxygen, produces a
reddish enamel; but when fully saturated with oxygen, the ena-.
xnel yielded is green.

'< Mr.Klaproth ne^ analyzed the 6lue gld^s ptste, in Whf^h he
found thsA,'Htxi to the siUx, the oxyde of iron is the predominant
article. He expected to find tkat the colour had been giveti by
opb^t, but could not ^isoovertbe* smnUest trace of it, and tliere^
fore he inferred {hat its blue colour entirely depends on the iron.

" This excited in him no surprise, knowing that iron, under
certain circumstances, is capable of producing a blue enamel j lis
is clearly exhibited by the beautifully-coloured blue scarue of iron^
which' are frequently met With in the highly-heated furnaces on
smelting iiY>n stones."

Om^ oljeet in refemng to these experiments, is to shew the
fwcif that >&e: ooiotiiied glass 'pastes of the ancients agree' in
nutny ftespects with modern enamels.

Aiec6i«liilg to the writer in Rees's CydepaetUa, white enanreU
arefoffint^d by slehing theMydci^of tin with glass, and adding
a smaUxitiBnttty of maiigane&^lxyinereade its bnlllant tint. The
addittoo of' oxyde of IcmI, or anthn\Mrvy, produces a yellow ena-
md; :but ai <inOTe beautiful yeHo^ maybe obtained from the
oxyde: of/'silirer; Reds^aie fonnied by an intermixture of the
oxydes of gold and iron ; that composed of the former being
moat beautiful aiid permlMienft/ Greens, violets, and blues,
are Ibnniid fhim the (»ydes 6f copper, cobalt, andiron; and
thfli^,twh<ik inteantiKed in diffsreut proporiyovis, afford a grieai
rariety of intermediate colours : and it is asserted, that the finest

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954 Martin's CSrcle of the Mechonidal Jr&.

qtndity of Venetian enamel is owing to an idmiKtiire bi hf^

culiar substance, which is occasionally thrown out of the toI-
cano of Mount Vesuvius. On this subject our author^ as on
most others, is veiy intelligent and instructive.

We shall now give a short abstract of the art of Pin-making;
for, although a pin is apparently an insignificant instrument, it
has become a very important article of English commerce.

Our author says, " The art of making pins of brass wire was
not known in England before the year 1543. By statute 34
and 35 of Henry VOL cap. 6, it was enacted, **that no person
shall put to sale any pins, but only such as are double headed,
and have the heads soldered fast to the shank of the pins^ wcO
smoothed, the shank well shapen, the points well ground, filed,
cauted, and sharpened." From this extract it should appear,
that the art of pin-making is but of late invention; probably h
was introduced from France.

Our author then proceeds^ —

" The pin manufactory was introduced into Gloucestershire ia
1626, by John Tilsby. There are now in Gloucestershire nine dis-
tinct pin manufactories, which employ together at least 1500
persons. The pins sent annually to the metropolis amount to tbfr
value of ^20,000; but the chief demand is from Spain and
America.**
•

Though pins are apparently of simple construction, their
manufacture is not a little curious and complex. We hare
traced, says the traveller, with much pleasure, the whole pro-
cess in the manufactures of Gloucester, and observed that the
article, small as it is, passes through several hands from its first
state of rough wire to its being stuck on paper for sale. The
following may suffice for a general sketch of the method.

*' When the brass wire« of which the pin0 are fomed, is irst tt-
ceived at the manufactory^ it is generally too thick for the fwr-
pose of being cut Into pins. The first operation is, theref6j«» that
of winding it off from one wheel to a]M>ther with great velociq^,
and causing it to pass between the two> through a circle^ in a
piece of iron of small diameter. The wire being thus reduced to
its proper dimensions is straightened by drawing it between iron
pins fixed in a board in a zig-zag manner, but so as to leave i
straight line between them j afterwards it is cut into lengths of
three or four yards, and then into smaller ones, evesry length beln^
iullieient to make sik pins; each end of these is ground loa
point, which is done by tKiys, each of whom aits with two nnaii
grinding stones before him turned by a whedL Ta&^ig t^ a
numher in his hands, he applies t)ie ends to tbecoairsest at tke

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Maxtkes Grde ^ the Mechmieal Arts. »$

tmi'^tonee^ being carcfitl at the aune time to keep eieh yieee
moving roiuMi between his fingers, so that the points may not be^*
cone flat; he next gives them a saioother and shaq>er point, by
applying them to the other stone. By this means a lad of four-
teen years old is enabled to point 16,000 pins in an hour : when
the wire is thus pointed, a pin is taken off at each end, and this is
repeated. The next operation is that of forming the heads, or, as
it is termed, head-spinning, which is done by a sort of spinning-^
wheel, one piece of wire being thus with great rapidity wound
round another, and the interior one being drawn out, leaves a hoi*
low tube between the eivcumvolatioiM; it is then ewt with fpean^
«fery two eirenmvohitioat or turns of the wire fonuing one head.
These are tollenad by throwing them into tfon pans, and placiag
^bem in a furnace till they ace red hot. As sooa as they ajre oohi,
they are dietributed to children, who sit wixh anvils and hammers
before them, whfch they wock with their feet by means of a lathe j
and taking up one of the lengths, they thrust the blunt ends into
a quantity of heads which lie before them ; and catching one at
the extremity, they apply it immediately to the anvil and hammer,
and by a motion or two with the foot, the pointed end and the
head are fixed together in much less time than it can be described,
*nd which is a dexterity only to be acquired by practice.-

We have copied our author's plain account of the mamKr in
which pins are fabricated; and it will be found, that the
processes of the other arts and iMnufactmres are described in
terms equally explicit. It cannot but be surprising to our
readers^ how it is possible for a manufacturer to work such an
article as a {hu at so small a value, since it appears to require so
much trouble and labour. This cnjgma is somewhat solved, by
considering the ultimate effect of the division of labour. h\
for instance, 300,000 pins could be completed within the space
of twelve hours by thirty workmen, the work bemg divided ml*
thirty parts, and each man having assigned to him a thirtieth
portion of the work, the quantity completed would be equal to
10,000 pins each roan ; but if one of these workmen, beinff it
praArient m aii the ftramAM <rf pin-naking, shonU uJadertidcc^
viihimt asBi^tance, to ooraplfiie his proportion^ instead of elEeet-
ing the order' of 10,000, he would have difficulty to cottpiet«
1000. Such is the advantage of dividing the parts of labour in
manufactories.

More time cannot at prasent be aUotted to explain ntany mar
Mai parts of the '< Circle of Arts;" but we can wamily ne-
^Mmnend this book to our readers^ notijce. Their at&Mfcion
*nU be dmcted to an elaborate article on Carpentry, which
«ight to have beei^ roeMftiannd at laige by us. But, mdeed,. ^1
the trades more particularly appertaining to, and connected

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S56 EttMCT on CaihoUc Mnumcipation.

with. Building in general, will be found uuder their sevend
heads very edifying, and meriting particalar attention.

The Woollen and Cotton Manufactories are very laudably en«
larged upon, as they are manufactories on which the revenues
of the country are very dependant.

Considerable pains have been taken to diflfuse information re-
specting the us^ul trades in domestic life^ viz. Bakings Basket-
making, &c.

The plates demonstrating the machinery are, for the most
part, delineated with peculiar neatness and perspicuity.

Upon the whole, we may recommend '^The Circle of the
Mechanical Arts" to persons of various classes and ranks of
life: to gentlemen who are fond of mechanical pursuits, or wlio
for amusement superintend the works going on upon their own
estates, or who wish to be informed of the nfanufacture esta-
blished in their own neighbourhood, or of those which they
may meet with in their travels. It will, likewise, be found
most particularly useful to persons engaged in trade ; to youths
ap{Nrenticed to learn the arts described; as well as to practical
men in general. The whole is written with candour, and verf
well expressed; and the author is highly deserving the coan-
lenaoce of the public. r.

Art. IV. — 1. An Answer to the Speeches of Mr, Abbott, Sir /oibi,
Nichol, Mr. Banks, 5fc. 5fc. on tlie Catholic Question, debated in tfu
House of Commons, Sl4th of May, 1813 j with addUional Obser"
vatums. By George Ensor^ Esq. Author of different PubUcalion»n
8vo. Pp. 116. Johnson.

%,^»No Veto: Restoration of Violated Rights, By George Ensox^
Esq. 8vo. Pp. 53. Dublin. 1815.

[Continued from p. 147.]

From the cursory view we have taken of European tolenlkm,
no doubt can remain of the perfect safety of Cathdic eamt^
cipation.

The United States of America furnish another and an iQus-
trious instance of the practicability of uniting every sect Ufider
one government, without the slightest manifestation of iU-will
upon the score of religious opinions. The population of thaift
fomndable Republic being composed principtdly of peraoiw
whose fathers were British subjects, it might be expected, thaik
Ihe spirit of religious persecution would prevail m Amt~"

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Ensor an CaihoUc Emandpaiian. fSJ

'9tm ^oncmry^ however, is uniTersaDy known to be the case*
Our author observes, that

^ " Priestley^ who had a numerous congregation in Enghind^
Vhere the Unitarians were persecuted by the hiws^ and assailed
by the established clergy, never counted at Northumberland in
Amerlpa more. than thirty hearers. Yet all circutnstances con-
spited to increase his sect j-^his philosophical reputation-^^his si*
ferings in England — ^his republicanism — his zeal— every titiag
€lMpfred to make his doctrines interesting and contagions, ex*
cepting that Amerioa presented no religious establishment to givA
poignancy to these several causes. Talleyrand has remarked in
*ijhis American Mjswoir^ that, though it might be supposed the saino
MOtfrtransplaoted from fiugland would continue to preserve their
•l^uiracter in America -, yet, on the contrary, thf y cause no agi-
tation— ^all co-exist, he says, in an unalterable calm — and that
ev^n each individual of the same family pursues in peape his pe-
culiar worship. This profound tranquillity he attributes to the
equality with which all sects are treated — ^I'^galit^ des cultes. En
'iteierique, aucun n*est proscrit, auctin n'est ordonn^; deslors
ffdint d*agitations reltgieuses/'

♦

- If, however, the exhmple of the whole world, with some
triftng exceptions, furnish evidence of unrestricted JQSticeon the
score of faith ; the British government, superadded to its in-
'iolcfkpt sptn!^ displays no small portion of inconsistency. One
<|f the first principles of equitable legislation is, the strict equa-
^^y of the laws; and a government to be Just, should, at any
.rate, be rigidly impartial to all of the same denomination. The
Catholic population of the United Kingdom may be distributed
into four classes, viz. English, Irish, Scotch, and Canadian.
The two former are oppressed, and treated with the most dis-
gracefiil intolerance; whilst the two latter nxe admitted to an
unlimited participation of equal rights.

It would be difficult to account for these cruel and capricious

distinctions, did we not know, tliat the measures of govern-

^BciMB are cfetated rather by policy, than principi.b ; and that

^isMlM; the Ptolestent^ ate strong, the Catholics are weak. This

is the real ground of the present bigotted system. Yet this

-#Miiri«!tfo& vendere the cause of the Irish more desperate* For

i«lsiM"tiirp60ple at laiKe Bhall join their exertions to these of

^ttie-ClttboHev, the pmepttt of unconfined toleration most be

ifM very distam. The PK>t«slMt interest is, however, eaUed

Hipotryin^justice toitwlf^tO»9ttppoil wit sieal the cause •fuiil-

'^*^«fl»al reKgious equality, the essendal welfare of the eott&tiy

mat1k€ c^traeter of. the 'catkin, being moat disgraoefally ^

Crit. Rev. Vol. II. Sq>teTiAer, 1815, 2 K

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258* JEnuar oh CatiujiSc JSfiiAfic^iioii.

pfomised by the course adopted liy ministers upon this no-*
mentous question.

Let those who, from feelings of apprehension, would still
keep the Catholics beyond the pale of the British constitution^
reflect on the privileges of the Canadians. This is a further^
and a very strong proof, that this highly-respectable body needs
no restriction for the preservation of social ordcn And it^ be-
sides, unveils the hypocrisy of our state functionaries, in fo-
menting a popular delirium against a religious sect at home^
which it treats with liberality in a distant settlement, by con*
fidihg to it nearly the whole management of the government.
Canada presents as strong an instance as can be conceived of
the orderiy conduct, loyalty, and devotedness of the Roman
Catholic population to the British government. Its House of
Representatives consists of fifty members, (very few of whom
are Protestants,) all freely chosen by the will of the people; the
government lias not even the assistance of a corrupt borough,
nor can it by its influence return one member. To these are
added a Senate, consisting of about twenty individuals, nomi-
nated of course by the crown, with a governor as president.
This government is formed upon, and indeed is a complete
practical illustration of, the British Constitution, divested of
the cKcrescences that fasten on the latter, sap its foundation,
and undermine and destroy its numerous excellencies. Such k
the form 'of government with which our ministers tnnt, from
motives of necessity, a Catholic community. And the expe-
rience of its firm adherence to the mother coimtry, when inr
vited to revolutionize by a neighbouring power; its peaceful
disposition at all times; eind, finally, Sie perseverance and
bravery of its exertions in repelling tbe recent invasion at-
ti^mpted by the United States, — clearly ^hew that Catholics
may be safely entrusted with governmental control ; and that
lh«ne is ndthing in the Catholic character in any way dangerous
to- civil aMbority. The conducJt of this province, at the period
when the people of the United States threw off the British
yoke, may foe powerfully adduced as indicative of Catholic
loyalty. Mr. Elisor, speaking on this subject, observes, <^that
while these rebelled. Catholic Canada remained loyal to Eng-
land. Tlie sequel is still more extmordinary. England pen-
sioned the Protectant loyalists of the revolted provinces, but
her liberality in no way extended to tlie Canadians ; their loyalty
was found deficient; they wanted ialtb, such as the thirty-nine
articles authorise."

We shall but very briefly allude at present to die mode of
treatment experienced by the Catholics of England, Ireland^ and

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Ensor on Cathoik Emancipaii<m. 259

Scolknd. The Scotch are admissible to all offices of the state i
the English and Irish to none. Upon what principle can this
inequality be justified? If unrestricted toleration be conceded
to the Scotch^ merely because they Brefew in number, and con-
sequently not to be feared I this is preci^eJj; the situation of
the English Catholics, who are, notwithstanding, even more
Hnjustly treated than the Irish; the latter enjoying the privilege
of the elective franchise, which the former do not. If, again, -
eomplete enfranchisement be granted to the Canadians^ be-
cause the population is Catholic, and because they are conse-
quently strongy such too is the case with the Catholics of h^land,
who are considerably more numerous than the Canadians, and
even more so now than they ^rrnerli/ were, which clearly evinces
that persecution will never produce religious converts. If entire
religious equality can be safely granted to the Catholics of a
distant province, without endangering the loss of the colony;
surely it may, with equal safety, be conceded to those at home^
-who, in addition to their possessing, as an integral part of the
empire, a substantial interest in the state, wrt more readily con-
trolable by the immense standing armies which an unjust war
has entailed upon us.

We shall conclude thfe division of our enquiry, by calling the
reailer's attention to the difficulties and animosities engendered
by religious dissentiond in Poland, before her partition by the
lawless band of robbers that despoiled her of her liberties and
her rights. The langui^e used by Mr. Wrowghton, the British
minister at Warsaw, shews the inclination of our government
to address philosophy to others, and reserve folly to regulate its
own concerns. The declaration issued by that gentleman
contends against '< the injustice and impolicy of excluding the
professors of Christian doctrines from honourable employments,
and from the means of serving their country;" and expresses
** the confident expectation' of his Majesty, that the wisdom of
the nation assembled would consider the cause of the virtuous
but unhappy dissidents as closely connected with the funda-
mental interests of the Republic, and that by re-* establishing
them in the possession of their rights and privileges, they
would provide a remedy for the evils which distracted the
state."

if the experience of the present liberal and enlightened age
demonstrate the absurdity of entertaining mistrust towards pro-
fessors of the Calhotk: faith, and if in other states they evince
uniform submission to the government, and observe the utmost
good will and harmony in the general intercourse with their
Protestant fellow subjects, there can be no reason why they

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ii6 Ensanm CathoUc Emandpation.

ihoald be kept beyond the pale of tiie British Cons
Their loyalty is not questioned by their most zealous and infu*
riated opponents. Nay, Sir John Nicfaol, and other pari*
tanical orators, bear the most unequivocal testimony to this pcMot.
«To what cause then must we impute this strange disinclination
(o do justice ? It is so inconsistent with the national character to
*act ungenerously, that we are puzzted to account for the pre-
judice still existing among a large portion of the people upon
this important question : it can be imputed only to that spe^
cies of pejudice which characterizes Englishmen, and wlueh
will maintain the most tyrannic sway over their reason, until
reflection and commiseration shall work their gradual but certain
^progress in the cause of liberty and right.

We shall now proceed to the second topic of inquiry, and
compare the pominent tenets of the Roman Catholic faith with
those at our own. Jn entering upon this investigation, it is not
our intention to dwell minutely upon the several points. Con-
,sidering ita delicate task to comment upon the dogmata of any
church,— we feel no desire to reflect upon the credulity or here-
ditary prejudices ot any class of religionists, so long as they do
not invade the independance of others, and arrogantly assert
their own perfection, by maintaining an intolerant supremacy.
We are aware that it will be replied by some to the observations
we are about to offer, that there are 'articles of the established
icreed which are not to be interpreted strictly — ^being the mere
clinging to forms and tenets mostly disregarded and common^
disbelieved, but which are entitled to veneration from their
antiquity. In answer to tliis, we should merely observe, that
the same sdlowance must be made for Roman Catholics, the
well educated of whom are as free from bigotry as the same
class of Protestants, although they may not openly dissent
from the faith to which they are bom. Superstition is the
greatest enemy of religion. In the reign of William lU. an
attempt was made, and a committee of bishops and others ap-
pointed, to re-model the church service, and regulate the omis-
sion of the most objectionable parts. Had this measure been
attended with success, there would be fewer dissenters from the
existing establishment; which would have been better suited
to the universal progress of intellect than it now is. In pn>-
portion as man becomes more enlightened, religion will become
more philosophical. Much more benefit would therefore l>e
produced by the general diffusion of knowledge amongst all
classes of the Irish, than by all the le^lative enactments that
ever were made. Matters of conscience, as they regard the

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Entor on Catholic Emancipation. S<H

intapemirse between man and his Maker, are naturally placed
oat of the province of legislation.

The principal grounds on which the objections to the Ca-
tliolics rest, are, firstly, the belief imputed to its professors in the
Pope's infallibility; secondly, the doctrineof Transubstantiatioii;
thirdly, the power assumed by their priests to grant absolution;
and, fourthly, the intolerance of the Romish Chiu-ch in consigiw*
ing to perdition all who may difier from it in matters of taith.
It is scarcely necessary to examine these charges separately to
shew their absurdity. The uniform practice of virtue and mo-
ndity^ which distinguishes the Catholics in their intereoiirse
with society, would alone refute such disgraceful calumnies.
^We shall, however, slightly observe upon each, in order to shew
their complete fallacy.

Respecting the Pope's infallibility our author o'bserves-^

*' No Catholic of understanding affirms that the Pope is infallible.
This is one of the many current falsehoods entertained against the
Catholics. But suppose they did. Do not English Protestants
alHrm that their King can do no wrong ? And what mighty dif-
ference is there between being always right, and being never
vnrong ?"

The Cath<dic8 certainly recognize the Pope as the head of
their church, as we do the King; but they deem him such
•merely in a spiritual, and not a temporal, capacity; being willing
to bind themselves by oath or any other obligation as to the
Hmatsof the papal jurisdiction. Indeed, their recent refusal to
obey the. mandate of the Court of Rome, signified by M. Qua-
rantolli, dearly manifests a determination not blindly to yield
obedience to that power even in the internal regulation of their
church.

As to the doctrine of Transubstantiation, it is merely neces*
sary to advert to the thirty-nine articles, or the communion
service of our own church. Their similarity to the Roman
Catholic fsuth, in several particulars, is clearly evident. The
Catholic statement of the mystery," says our author, ^^ is, that
the substances taken undergo an actual mutation," while the
Protestant church in the twenty-eighth article affirms that ^' the
bread which we break is a partaking of the body of Christy tod
likewise the cup of blessing is partaking of the blood of Christ."
The same species of faith pervades many of the prayers used in
administering the sacrament. The following words will not
admit of two constructions: <^ Grant us, tfai^refore, gracious
Lord, so to eat the flesh of thy dear son J^$ii« Chrif t, ai|d to
drink hi> blood» that our sinful bodies may. bo tnad^^^leaa bf

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M2 Enior on Catholic Emancipation.

'tis body^ and our souls washed through his most preckwi
blood."

The doctrine of Absolution is the next point ; and this again,
we must observe, is pretty much the same in both churches : in
the Catholic, remission is granted at all times on confesaiott
and repentance^ after the prescription of some mode of punish*
nent suitable to the offence and the individutd: in the Protes*
tant, whilst the pulpit resounds with declamations against a
dea(}i-bed repentance, as arriving too late for salvatiim, abs<^u«
tioar b presumptuous! j administered to the sick or dying. If
any one can be so irrational, as to believe that a bed of sickness
can vest in man the power of granting remission of offerees
committed against God, it will be found that this point in the
Protestant faith is not less injurious to the well-being of so*
ciety, than the more general mode adopted in the Catholic
religion; because it holds out the idea of forgiveness at the
last hour, whilst it denies the power of man to grant absolution
at any other period when it might prove more salutary to the
individual. We admit that the belief in such a principle is very
consolitory in the hour of death, yet it must be viewed as merely
administering at that awful moment to the most fatal and dan-
gerous of all self-delusions. The decree of absolution is most
clearly and decidedly worded. We shall extract it, (being ne-
cessarily connected with the subject,) with no further observa-
tions, than that it unconditionally asserts the power of the Pro-
testant church to absolve all sinners, without the slightest
reservation; that it goes to the full extent of that employed by
Catholics ; and that if the power to absolve at all be conceded
to the church, it b as applicable in health as in sickness, and for
the most enormous crimes as for the slightest offences. It pro-
ceeds thus: ^' Our Lord Jesus Christ, wlw hath left power to
Hi^Church to absolve aU sinners who truly repent and believe in
him, of his great mercy forgive thee thine offences: and by his
authority co^nniitted to nte, / absoke thee from all thy sinSf in
the name,** &c.

The intolerance of the Church of Rome is the next and last
point to which the Protestants object. This characteristic,
however, chiefly betrays itself in a creed, which has been adop-
ted a6 a fundamental part of the Protestant faith, *^ which, ex-
cept a man believe faithfully, he cannot be saved.** Such is the
tokrant spirit of the Protestants that a priest must sybscribrhis
belief to tiiis creed bef<»« be can be ordained: and recite after-
l^rds to his auditors on thirteen appointed days in the year, when
the fvincipal alidmost intellectual portion of his congregation, ei-
tliev'witbhold their attendance, or listen witluthe most painfiii

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fVar toUh Jmerica. am

emotions to the undniitian and horrible deOHnciatiaDS iff
Monkish intolerance.

We are not aware that our Protestant readers can regard the
preceding observations either as unjust towards their fell-
gioQs £u^, or un&ir in respect to the letter as well as spirit <tf
tbe established church. It has been our intention equally tp
aroid attacking religious prejudices, and placing an onworraq^
able construction on any part of the church service. We bai«
considered the various points according to their simple and obr
viotts meaning. If they declare one thing and signify another
th^i can they be neither consistent with the purity and trutl),
which ought to distinguish our addresses to the Deity; nor
congenial with the improved feelings and advanced 4tate di
society. If they are to be r^arded in their strictest interpre*
tatkm) and as meaning what they say, then indeed ought we to
make every albwance for the delusions, if such they be, of the
Catholics. Our limits preclude us from extending this article
in the present number : we must, therefore, reserve our final
observations on this interesting subject to our next. s.

Art. V. — Ja Exposition of the Causes and Character of the late War
with Great Britcun. Published by Authoriti/ of the American (jO-
vernment. Washington printed. London, reprinted and pub-
lished by W. I. Clement, Strand. Pp. 101. 1815.

This state paper (for it is understood to be official) redounds
4iigh]y to the credit of tlie American Government. PowerfuHn
fact, cogent in argument, explicit in narration, it is an admira-
ble record of wise and dignified policy, and an enlightened ap-
peal to common sense and common justice. Exaggeration of
truth and propensity to abuse, are alike foreign to its pages;
and though it must be regarded as an ex parfe statement, it bears
the stamp of rectitude so strongly impressed, and exhibits the
features of candoiu* and honesty so decidedly marked, that it
is impossible to rise from its perusal unconvinced of its sincerity,
or uninfluenced by its allegations. It is, also, characterized
by a spirit, which, above all others, must be gratifying to
Englishmen, — the spirit of Independance ; a spirit which,
scorning to purchase friendship at an ignominious price, and
I proudly prepared for war, while it is ever foremost to Cherish
.peace, is the only security for the preservation of national ho-
nour, the only bulwark of national integrity.

The document is entitled, by the London publisher, ** An

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264 Jfjiir with America.

Ibcposition of the C^ses ^and Character of the Ut/i W^" It
was, however, pubUshi^.at Washington in the Pebn^ry of th^
present year, whi)e th^ w«r was still pending. It origiwUy. ap«
peared in the American journals, subsequently it was pnnted
m the form of^a-pamp^ct, and circulated in every quarter of
the United States. It was inttfided *^ as an appeal to the peo-
ple, in order to point out the necessity of such niigbty and ef-
firient preparations, for the campaign of 1815, as would assure^
its successful termination, by tbe expulsion of the British from
«very part of the Aiiierican continent! The proposal by (qfj
the Secretary of War, for raising 100,000 men, was part of this
plan of vigorous measures; but the arrival of the advices of
peace havii^ been concluded, put a stop to these proceedingSj
and to the publication of the app^L " ,

The main causes of the American contest, as theBritbb pub-
Cc is. weH apprized, ^nd as it is distinctly unfolded in the p^>er
before us^ were, the foroible seizure and detention of seamen
•under tbe.protection of the Anif^riean i9ag, and the violation of
tlie commercial rights of neutral powers, by tlie navy of Eng-
land, under the auspices and autliority of the English govern-
ment. The first of these causes app^u^ to have exist^ some
time before the Revolution in France, and even at that epoch
tahave assumed a magnitude threatening the very safety of the
United States, and particularly alarming to their independanoe
antl sovereignty. In the year 17^2, it was represented to our
Ministry by Mr. Jefferson, secretary of state, that the impress-
ment of American seamen had excited considerable irritation,-^
tliat it would be a matter of extreme ^^difficulty to avoid mak-
ing immediate rcorisals on their seamen in the United States,"
-—and that .'^unless they would come to some accommodation
which might eivsure the American seamen against this oppres-
sion, nieasurcs would be taken to cause the inconvenience to be
equally felt qii both sides." These intimations and remon-
strances were succeeded by ncgociations, which embraced, on
the part of England, claims deemed utterly incompatible with
the dignity of America, and propositions remote from the point
of litigation. They were, of course, ineffectual: they were,
liowever, renewed, year after year, but without any amicable
result. The outrage upon the Chesapeake was perpetrated ; and
the An^erican government, stung with a sense of aggravated in*
suit, and goaded by a series of unparalleled aggressions, con*-
templatcd the vindication of the national honour by an appeal
to arms. Even in this state of things, if we may place any re-
liance in the. "Exposition," adjustment was within our reach.
The Americans still protested an anxious desire to avoid hos«

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* ' . ' <

iaMm^ aiftdUe^atowed tfaeh* <ffispbsiti6nt#€ompdBe'fhe diiitir-"
^ncefl between the two oicMiiitiies, upenr^ tiius reciprocally be*
neficifth * Negociation 'ensued, and the question was agun dis-
cussed ;;tbe issue was'ttnfavounil>le. And the right of im*
pressment, claimed and enforced by the British goremment^
continuing with unabated rijg'oar^.ana the injuries' sustained By
the American commerce from the peHod of the French Rero-
lution, in Consequence of our Orders in C6uncil, becoming at
length insupportable; war waa dettrmined^ wpbn, and declared*
. It is but just to observe that^ with respect tso impr^sment,
the United State's, from a laudabfe wish to' Maintain peace,
vrere'wilting to waive all objections td the entr3^0f th)sif vessels
-by British officers^ and offered repeittedly sueh terms and stipu-
lations as promised- to secure to England tSie * free eliercise of
lier material' claims^ even at !ihe«expense of their own legitimate
•prerogatives* They certainly complained that \^ assailed their
tights, in searching their ships ^nd withdrawing those who were
under their protection; but 'tfiey expressed the most cordial
desire to' participate in any treaty which should have for its ob-
ject, the settlement of the controversy by a wise and* temperate
^modification. But, when time evinccid th^ inutility of overtmres,
laid it seemed incontestable that-no arrai1qg[6ment would reitolt,
their proffbred' concessions became .null; and the inherent and
tineontroulahle immunity they possessed as a sovereign nation, of
exacting respect to their flag from England, with whom they
were, in amity, revived in full force and in indefeasible right.
That which is legally enjoyed and which the possessor is dis-
posed conditionally to resign, cannot be lost, either by the
tender of the conditions, or their rejection by the opposite
party. And that America, from the lera of her independance>
enjoyed the right of maintaining the integrity of her flag, and of
resorting to arms for its defence, is as manifest, as that th6
same right is enjoyed by England.

It is a little indecent, we think, in our ministers to advance
pretensions which they deny to other powers. They clkim the
'privilege to attack the vessels of America, and tranship such of
tbc crew as are English ;— but ask them, whether they would
permit America to retaliate upon British merchantmen or ships
of war? they will answer, No. Ask them whether they would
not punish such a violation of oisr flag, in a way that should
best prevent its recurrence ? they will answer, Yes, And why ?
Is it just, that the sovereignty and indepcndance of one nation
should be screwed so high as to militate against the sovereignty
and indepcndance of another, vrhen between the two subsist
professed harmony and^ attachment ? Is it just^ that one tftate

Crit. Rbv. Vol. II. September, 1815. 2L

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• / ;t ^. . :. • . ■ -. . .

iHlbile ih» qjftef m svOiyectedf •» llie fatmrncB of Ike sWord ?

Qcoiiiif > P«0«tikdDrf^ md ¥^tfter> with the whole bost of ex***

Sujfid^rs qf thjs jm gentiumy mm% be Iktown aside aa vrane
in u^les^y if itvb|^,DOt|i memdate of public kruir^ «iciitere tu9
1^ fi(%Hin| «tn» ioq^* % jSHnlaw of DaibioBS, England cannot
arFe^,€»e c^h^owa sona iaa.f«nigok atalie^ though he stand
charged upon cre4tble evidence ivitb the bladcest of crimes^
wd though shm ^ an undbubted daim to hk allegiance.. She
km^ AQ lae^oeaiikVhicb i»tei^ b« iwegMiBed. Were she to naalie
the B$tt^mpki her ifamnt iraaldi.be laughed at^ and her eaus^
mk^ff^Msi^ im^isimmeA. Theiintefcsenee of one povtni*
VMIBt with iBdiiPidufda (inhahiaanii or* scjoosnecfr) under ano*
UmTj is a thin^ m^ovsn to the law of natioas. How then cm
Engird offer any cobramble leasoa for stopping the vesseta of
the United States and forcing siitreoder of hei native seamen?
Tb^ shi^ of a free^fliatQ is.as sacred as the territory to wUch it
l^Oflfs*. Ill is. on the Oceao» wha^ m the. emphatical lan^uag^
of QUIT: miinicipal eodie> ahouae is on land — ^the ccvite qf the fror
frik&r^ Ana« ae it wwid be totally unlawAil for us to attacl:
vi et ormi^ any dweUiog on the American soi!, for the pnqsose
of seeiirMig the person <rf an EngKshman) so is it wholfy with.*
out lege)%, to commit Ihe outrage upon an Americi^ ressel
which may dmnce to be his floatii^ abode. The one being
staU6nary> .ae4 the other loco-motive, creates no distinotion
in the eye of law« Inviolability^ so £Br as foreign government?
are concerned, and a$ England is in the case ia questioov equally
appeitwns to both.

3bouId i% besaid^ that, admittk^ tlus^ a griew)us' hardship
would necessarily ensue, — ^fehat individuab who have sworn
fealty to the chief magistrate of England, would in manycaees
brciak their oath, with iiBpunify,-^and thus, alliance become
a mere name; — ^we answ;er,'>^th8t thia hardshii^ and this
breach, of oath, supposing them to exist, are consequenoesi cf
thejWgaititin),-— tiiat the Jus gentiimt: wisely regards the saae^
tity of. afofeign flag as superior to the claim of allepance,*^
that liie evil is incidental to all states,-^and that, as England
w^uld deny tp America the right of searching British ships, for
the purpose of seizing Amencan. citizens^ so she canndt, with*
out palpable dereliction of prindple, assume the r^ht in her
own case.

These ranarks are eloqtten% ilbistrated ia die following es»'
^W^ffomaie ''£;x{M>aitiou/'

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.^ Iteft^ it auit be' agwn lemsrked^ Ikat* Ike ltei« df Oitat B A»
tain-was jMt to4K setiafied by. the tB^AiWipto^^ivl explkU recc^
Qi^o» of the Idwof'wars €Dr» ihe Is^r of w«r treats oaly of tte
relationff of a belligerent to hie ^ enemy> wUIe this claim of Greait
Brilaiaemuraned^alao^ the relations, between aeovereigu and his
subjects. It.>ya8 said, that every British subj^ect was bound by a
tie of allegiance to his sov^reign^ which, no la|)se of time^ no
change of place, no exigency of li^^ could possibly weaken^ or dis«>
solve. It was said> that the British sdVereign was entitled, at aH
periods, and on all occasions, to th<5 services df his subjects. And
it was said, that the British vess^b of war upon the high iBeas^
might liwfttUy and forcibly enter the titii^rchent Ytssds of ever^
other nation <for the theory of duefCe pretenshttis js tiot limited t»
ihe case of the United States, eithouffli ths* ease^MS been, almost
eaidusivety, effected by their^NractictJ OperafeioD), fb!r the purpose
of disoovjsring and impressing fiijtish subjects.^ The United States
. presume not to discuss the forms, or the principles^ of thegovern^
ments established in other countries. .Enjoying the right and
the blessing of self-gover^iment, they leave, implicitly, $o every
foreign nation the choice of its social and'politiad institu-
tions. But, whatcTcr may be the' form, of the principle, of
I^Ternment, it is an universal axiom of .public law, amoo^ t
sovereign and mdependant states, thai every ntition is bound so
Ito use and enjoy its own rights, as not to ifajure, or destroy, the
rights ofany other nation. Say then, thitt the tie of allegiance
cannot be severed, or relaxed, as respects the sovereign and the
aubject^ and say, that the sovereign iSi at all times, entiUed to
the service of thesubject$ still, there is nothing gained in 8up«>
port of the British claim, unless it can, also, be said that the British
sovereign has a right to seek and seize his subject, while actually
within the dominion^ Or under the special protection, of another
sovereign state. This will not, surely, be denominated a process
of the law of nations, for the purpose of enforcing the rights of
trar; and if it shall be tolerated as a process of tbe municipal law
of Great Britain, for the purpose of enforcing the right of the
tovereign to the service of his subjects, there is no principle of
discrimination, which can prevent its being employed In peace, or
ln%a^, with all the attendant ibuses of force and fraud, to justify
the seizure 0f British subjects for crimes, or, for debts, oiid the
Malure of British property^ for any caqse that shall be arbitrarily
assigned. The introduction of these degrading hoveltled \ttia ihi
*-iMritiaie code of Rations, it has been the arduous task of the Ame-*
rican governmeijit, in the onset, to oppose) and it rests with all
other governments to decide, how far their honour and theit
interests must be eventually implicated by a tacit acquiedtence
in the successive usurpatipns of the British flag. If the right

^ ^'dcetheBrititk declaration ofthS lOtb of JaauSry, 18U."

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268 . . . ■ *- 'Waf/^mthJnOavM. ....

claimed by Qftat Britain, be indeed coxmn^'to all governments,
•the ocean will .ea^bit, in * addition to its many- other perils, a
-scene of everlasting strife and contention: but what other govern-
ment has ever claimed or exercised the right? If the right shall be
exclusively established as atrophy of the naval Superiority of Great
Britain, the ocean, which has been sometimes emphatically denomi-
nated, ' the highway of nations/ will be identified in occupancy and
use, with the dominions of the British crown; and every other na-
tion must enjoy the liberty of passage upon the payment of a tribute
or the indulgence of a licence ; but what motion is prepared for this
sacrifice of its honour and its interests? And if, after all, the right
be BOW asserted (as experience too plainly indicates) for the purpose
of imposing upon the United States to aeconnnodate the British
maratime poliey, a 4iew and odious limitation of the sovereignty
and independance, which were acquired by the- glorious revolution
of 177(>, it Lb not for the Americui government to cadeulate the
duration of a war that shall be waged in resistance of the active at-
tempts of Great Britain to accomplish her project : for, where is
the American citizen, who would tolera^aday^s submission to the
vassalage of such a condition.*'

But it was not so much on the spore of the general right
claimed by England to molest their vesselsi that the United
States raised the voice gf complaint. They had grievances to
seek redress for^ of a more cruel nature, and which struck
deep into the vitals of their freedom. Their own citizens
were forcibly captured> and long detained prisoners. In the
year 17^6, the American minister at our court <^ made appli*
cations for the discharge of two hundred and seventy-ope sea-
men^ who had, in most cases, exhibited such evidence, as to
satisfy him that they were real Americans forced into the British
service, and persevering generally in refusing pay and bounty.**
And in the year 181 1, it is stated, that ^* Great Britain had im-
pressed from the crews of American merchant vessels, peace-
ably navigating the Iijgh seas, not less than six thousand ma-
riners, who claimed to be citizens of the United States, and
who were denied all opportunity to verify their claims.*' Need
we ask what^ feelings would have possessed Englishmen, had
this been their condition?

It has already been observed, that the commerce of America
was deeply injured by the policy of the English ministers, from
the sera of the French Revolution. These are the facts. When
the French people, borne dowTi'by the weight of a lazy and in-
corrigible despotism, began to manifest a determination to
throw o£F then: disgrace, and when the British cabinet, in de*
fiance of that principle which placed their master on the Eng**

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• lish ihnrne, fomented and joined i ct)nsp|raey of Mugs, to crush
the growing BQd.wide-spreading'spirit of liberty, and to compel
Fnuice to return to her then recent vassalage, — Americ^t seeing
the torch of war rekindled in Europe, deemed it expedient to
promulgate a declaration of strict neutrality. The enmity of
the British minister towards France, however, assmned so vU
rulent a cast, and was so bitter and so outrageous, that the die*
tates of humanity and the laws of civilized warfare were incom-
petent to cdntroul it. In its frantic but abortive course, it
spurned the first sentiments of morality, it broke loose from
every tie of honour^ justice, and magnanimity, and aimed no
less at the rights of sovereign end peaceable nations, than at
the existence of the French people. In June 17i>3, an order
in council was issued, by virtue of which, *'all vessels loaded
whcrfly, or in part, with com, flour, or meal, bound to any port
in France, or any port occupied by the armies of France, were
required to be carried forcibly into England; and the cargos
were either to be sold there, or security was to be given that
they should be sold only in the ports of a country in amity with
Great Britain," In November of the same year, another order
was published, consigning to legal adjudication, *^ all v^s^eli
loaded with goods, the product of any colony in France, or car-r
rying provisions or supplies for the use of any such colony/'
The Americans, feeling sensibly the pernicious effects of thes^
orders upon their trade, ^^ instituted a special mission to repre-f
^ent at the court of London, the injuries and the indignities -
which they had suffered. The immediate result of this mis-*
sion was, a treaty of amity, commerce, an J navigation, between
the United States and Great Britain, ratified in the year 1795."
But from that period to the year 1802, it is stated in the "Ex-
position,'^ the commerce of the United States continued to be
the prey of British cruizers and privateers under the adjudi-»
eating patronage of the British tribunals." From the year
1803 to that of 1807, when the Berlin and Milan Decrees oF
Napoleon, and the counteracting ordinances of the; British Mi-
nistry^ were thundered forth, the situation of America was not
improved. But the great and almost anniliilating blow to her
traffic was given by these Icist acts of the belligerents. Shut
out from the European continent, and interdicted from trading
with the colonics of France, America was shorn of the greater
portion of her resources, and had, as her only consolation, the
privilege of complaint. The exercise of this privilege, and her
repeated expostulations, were altogether unavailing; till, at
length, the declaration was wrung from the English Cabinet^
4hat when France should repeal hejr defrees, England would iut

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270 JVW mtk America.

stantly follow her example. France did repeal her decrees^
England did not instantly fc^ow her example. The Orders ia
.Council still hung over the American commerce : and the slug*
gish and partial performance of the solemn promise thus given^
came too late to pFevent America from resorting to arms, and
England from being disgraced. When America declared war,
** a thousand of her vessels with their cargos had been seized
and confiscated by Great Britain."

The manner in which England conducted the war is pour-
trayed with apparent truths and with the most fively indigna^^
tion. We quote the account of the conflagration of Washing*
ton, without, of course, pledging ourselves for its correctness.
That event, it will be recollected, took place while ministers
and their adherents were still rending the air with vocifearations
against Napoleon, for his felsely-asseited destroctioii of Mos-
cow.

*' But the consummation of British outrage yet remains to be
stated, from the awful and imperishable memorials of the capi-
tal at Washington. It has been already observed, that the mas-
sacre of the American prisoners at the river Raisin, occurred in
January, 1813; that throughout the same year the desolating
warfare of Great Britain, without once alleging a retaliatory
excuse, made the shores of the Chesapeake, and of its tributary
rivers, a general scene of ruin and distress; and that in the month
of February, 1814, Sir G. Prevost himself acknowledged that
the measures of retaliation, for the unauthorized burning of
Newark, in December, 1813, and for all the excesses which had
been imputed to the American army, was, at that time, full and
complete. The United States, indeed, regarding what was due
to their own character, rather tllan what was due to the conduct
of their enemy, had forborne to authorize a just retribution:
and even disdained to place the destruction of Newark to reta«
liatory account, for the general pillage and conflagration which
bad been previously perpetrated. It was not without astonish"
ment, therefore, that after more than a year of patient sufieriog,
they heard it announced in August, 18 14, that the towns and
districts upon their coast, were to be destroyed and laid waste,
tn revenge for unspecified and unknown acts of destruction,
which were charged against the American troops in Upper
Canada. The letter of Admiral Cochrane was dated on the 18th,
but it was not received until the 31st of August, 1814. In the
intermediate time, the enemy debarked a body of about five or
aix thousand troops at Benedict, on the Patioxent, and by a sudden
and steady march through Bladensburgh, approached ike city
of Washington. — Thii city has been selected for the seat of
the American government; but the number of its houses do^

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KFor triik Amerkm. tj 1

noft excieed nine hundred^ spread over an exteasive idle; Htm

"Whole number <»f its inhabkantedoes not exceed dgbtthonsandi

and tke M^acenl country is thinly popidated. Although the

neceaeajry precautioBB had been ordered, to asaenble the BdiUtai^

for the d!sfenc!e of the city, avariety of causes combined to rendea

the defence unauccesaful; and the enemy took posaesaion o£

Washington on the evening of the 24th of August, 1814. The

commanders of the British force held at that time Admiral Coch-

rane*a desolating order, although it was then unknown to the^

government of the United States; but conscious of the danger

of so distant a separation fW>nt the British fleet, and desirous, by

every pknisibte ertifice to deter the eftisens from fl3ing to arma

agahiflt the invaders, they disavowed all design (»f injuring

private personB and property, and gave aasoraaces of protectaov>

^vherever there waa soboiittioft. Geeeral Bess ajid Admiral

CoddburA then proceeded in peieson te dhneet and superintend the

boainees oi con^agsation > in a place, which had yielded to thetc

arma, which was unfortified, and by which no liostility was

threatened* They set fire to the capital, within whose wftlLv

were contained the halls of the congress of the United States^ the.

hall of their highest tribunal for the administration of justice, the

archives of theiegislature, and the national library. TTkey set fire

to the edifice which the United States had erected iot the residence

of thetr chief magistrate. And they set fke to the costly and exteih*

• sive buildings erected for the accommodation of the principal

officers of the government, in the transactkms of the public busU

neas. These magnificent monuioents of the progress of the avtS'^

which America had borrowed from her pacent Europe,, with aH

the testimonials of taste and literature which they contained^

were, on the memorable night of the 24th of August, consigned

' to the flacraes, while British officers of high tank and command

united with their troops in riotous carousal, by the light of the

burning pile.

•* But the character of the incendiary had so entirely super*
seded the character of the soldier, on this unparalleled expedl*
t tton^ that a great portion ofthemunittons of war, which had not
been consumed when the navy yard was ordered to be destroyed
upon the approach of the British troops, were left untouch^ I
and an extensive foundery of cannon adjoining the city of Wash-
ington, was left uninjured ; when in the night of the 95th of
August, the army suddenly decamped, and returning with evident
Uttrics of predpitation and alarm, to thdr ships, left the inter-
ment oi their dead, and the care of their wounded,, to the enemy,
^hom they had thus iiyured and insulted, in violation of the Iswy
otcavilizcdwar."

In attempting to give the reader some account of the sub-
stance of this document, we are free to confess, that the exe-
cution has fellen vcry^short of the design. Indeed, the facts audC

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fOliA^rmniMc') tiMift *i» st»ekfy possiblc'to f<vrmii' jtMTojpiAhfif
d^ t^e>pfcdin4fony withioitt )»en»Aiig it fr<^m htf(m66g tk^^^iSi'
irtrir^6riou9Aes9^ and" attention. We havis btfote tsitii^i^t^
tbKt^ it must be'cohsidefed as an eof parte statementj-i^btrt; IP
only ibm hidf of the allegations be true, if it be a fiict beyOtid*
diiiJute, that on^ only of the asserted gric^nces^ tras -W&i^
founded, we are bound in conscience to declare, that Ain^llX''
"waa an injured nation, and that her hostility was provoked Wii^
Ii^itittiate. Had English seamen been, subject to the'vii^^'
tations of which Aiacrica complained^— 4ad English eominerbe
been tnttrcepted and almost deitiolisiied,— ^the wliole people 6f
England' woald have assut^ly united in one common voidei'
calling upon die^overmnent for prot^dtion^to themselves, sLM-'
vengeance on their predatory foctf. Is it then the part of a ge-^
n6it>us nation, of a ntiti&n hifhMo rdndwned for its honour aad'
jifstice, to deat^ith others as it wouM not that they should **d*
by it? to censure those who take up arms to redress wr6t^i"
when il would be the foremost to avenge those very wrongsjif
inflicted on itself ? Surely no. Let justice be done lo stWy
let us cheerfully repair our own injuries; let us cultiviftc^tlii^
iHendship of those whom M^e find am'mated with the same Ibf ^*
of independahce, the same spirit to resent insult, which gfowi'
in oar own breasts-— is the language of a genuine Englishman*
And when it shall cease to be so, or shall not spring from '-Hh''
hearty then shall we cease to say to our country, Esfto Mi^^

■ I I . ■ I ' M !■ M. p, p. n . ■ ima. *

Art. VI. — The Journal o^ a Mission td the Interior of Africa, tnikS

Year 1805. By Mungo Park: Together wih other Documen^r

official and prisaie. To tckick is prefixed, aH Accomt of the Life W

Mr. Park. 4to. Pp.^9. Mnrmy. 1815* ..-^ ^f

\xr • ' ' ,. • ' ) ^ ': . • »'i ''-"^ii

YV £ cQvld liave wish^ tbi^t it ihad .aotr fiiUen to oor^Int^toti

mingle mtb;t^ plc^^ure >}<e/hialve fck in ihe perusal of tUs>t6^^

lume, the saos^ pj^infuls^ti^ioBa originating in the totinda^yf

fat^ pf (hiat iUi^ioni. Dcttr^Iter. ."Ehe life of Park wias a^nu^^

ti(;al.oofivi^ni9i^3$.^njtrue ]^iiloso|Bhy!--*hia heart was the«hnM^

of 4be.p^9est:p]^iia»thiS;^y>7 A^ikh-.the iii^est admnakJoii^wA^*

viefv ia Mungo .JBa«ktlM4«inmf nia df a superlative' descriptkffir/^

In hifa we behold Ib^^ V9f itoa eaateed^qu^ties of a pbilosoillRsri

»^the>iio(l|Minte4^wla(iP p{ift.iier»^tbe diseipiiaed researen4>f''

sci^fi tific' e^cell^j^.. Etery i)%kt in which -we oontiBiiiplaie Ms^'^

cxtraordinaiy, mental cq<jrf y—vrhetbe»i oki the one faaDd^^^We

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firffeMT him tlurMgh tvacUess deserts assailed bf tlie tenffic
howl of the wolfy of approached by the fierce ftont of the wiMly-
staring Ikm— whetlie? we coBtemplate him in the capacity of
assistant to the most rn^ial of his adventurous attendants-— or
as the philanthropic supporter of his dylnf^ friends-— our reflec-
tions terminate in the consummation of our s<htow; and we
Imve half-perfected that which we intended to perform. For
when the clouds of affliction at length gathered round his
Sleps when '^bewas lefta«eccmd time lonely and fiiendless-
amidst the wilds of Africa^"' his mndaunted spirit still lightening
through the gloom that saddened his brow^ he would calmly
sit dawn to calculate the meridian of his way— and adore the
Ahnighty Wisdom in the immessurable m^^nificenee of the
burning heavens. Disappointed in so many of his long-che-
rished hopes^ h^ yet lived in the ardent expectation of seeing
the cool and giitteritig waters oi th^ Joliba ''mix" with the
asare flnctuations of that ocean towards which he thought they
w«re hastening their progress.

The volume before us consists of* an Account of the Life of
Park, an Appendix illustrative of passages contained therein,
and Park's last Mission to Africa. We piopose, In considering
the ▼ahuible matter with which we are here pres^nted^ to draw
as pearly as possible in the wor^ of his lufanirable Eklitor^ from
whom we cannot withhold the most honourable praise, the prin-
cipal features of Park's- Life, and to eomMne our observations
aod the information towhich we are introduced in the Appen-
dix, in one general outline, reserving the Mission for separate
consideration. . • ; ••

Mungo Park, the tUrd nf seVcM mns^ \vas h6m on the 10th
of ^ptember, 1771, at Powlshiels, 6ti th^' banks of the Yar-
n>w, not far from the Umn of Selkhk. His father was a re-
spectable yeoman of Ettrick Forest, to whose lomaintic beauties
we have alluded in. one of our late numbers. He was more
than ordinarily diligent in tiie education ef Park, who, after
having receiv<^ the first ruriim^nfts of knowledge, was removed
to the Grammar School at Selkirk, where he remained several
yenrS. At that period he evinced an unusual attachment to
reading, and his studies were accompanied by indications of an
ardent and adveutiurous turn of miud« At the age of fifteen,
Muogo Park was bound apprentice to Mr. Thomas Anderson,
a surgeon of Selkirk, with whom he. resided three years. In
1789, he quitted that gentleman, and attended the University
of Edinburgh three snccessivv sessienaof lectures. About this
time he maide a tour to the Higi)}^tid!s, in company with his

Crit. Rb y. Vol.. II. September J 1815. 2 M

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2J4 P^JeVj<)iimri4r^^Ali^

Soon after ho repaired taLoad<Ni, in search of medk^l lepfjlfi^
m£Pt: in (iie prosecu^i^ ^;l|i^ wi«fae;M)e )M jQraekiiawicdge
tbe 8ervice& of Mr. Dick^^, v(ko Jintroduc^ him to 4be n^ige
pf, Sir Joseph Banks- . r.^rri

V Through the iot^a^ a( that dIUtingtiisUed iiidividaal» &f«m|^
jP^k obtain^.the ^itm^oa of surgeon in the East lodiaCfMWr*
pany's service, apd sailed fpr the Sastlndiea in the vnmihi.fi
February, 1792, He retuij)^ to Eoglaad the folhwiof ycM^
l^t^f having made a voyagie ta Benfioden^ in the Island of So*
naatrai w^ere he collected xit^aoy specimens in botany aod.Oft*
lui^l faistQjfyt s^yeral of which w^e^^ oonnsttiwsatad to tb« liir
nsean Sodety, and recorded in (he third volume of theii Tivft*
«sMions^. •

, VV^etli^ Mr. Pa^k^. ^fWr bis retem frcm the East lodleit
CfKne to.apy4^oisiv^ir^4flbHiQi^ rcfardiiig his contiDivince u
surgeon in the Company's Service, does.^ot suffideatty Appc^ir*
Wlmtever nvghl* ba)!e boen jus intention in this respect, a. aci^ne
oS action far fetter suited to his taste and to the eapacioui^Mfts
of his u^ind now pr^^ated its^: ww scenes of. aatiqipated
grandeur rose up to hisjini^ioation-TAiKl to surmount the ai^
mit.of African. lock^.Audi to pass the oatacact^ of the H^ffBt
formed tlie fondest thenyeapf his iawy^ . ..,

. Animated with the Ub^ spirit of oorioAity,^ a fewi.embieiit
characteift, whose prinppl^ had for tbeir baaia the promotpa
of public good, foroied tkem^lveaintp an AsaociatioB for prpa^
cuting discoveries into the interior of Africa. In a few yt%X9(ih0
inmesti^ated aad lakl/dpwi^ j»va daur^r ppint of view than b^d
bean do(ie .hy.fjocm^v gfioff^affhert, sotile qf the leading fa^^tf^ ra«*
lative toi the nortiitfn part of tlmt ecMrtiaaal, the characterjisda
difiereocas^ tim ^^hi^f tribes, th^lr/iomfiercial relatioQa, (^
routes of the grQat^saraafUW, tiifi^Q^^ diffusioo of the MiUbP*
medan r^ligiov), &e. W i\k %h9 aasisMice of their distingHii^iad
assodate. Major JR^ncMy lih^y w^pe. now proceedi^e to ,f||vea
the piindpalgeogs^phifi^outUaes of North Af^ ao4.^W^

.jJL

* " Mr. Dickson ig a fcftjw iff* bie't.innean Society, of which he »Wt 6ne
•rOre original founders^ aod'iiAto PetMw and Vice-Presideiifof th^ H«ftt-
f:iil«ttnBl Sodeiy. • ^^raj^ nAmoBiKiUlJeai a»p^ hiia.^p|ie«r in.AiSfn^9i/i^f^
lumes of the Lioiiieaii TvattsacUons : but he was priocipaHy kDQWis, fS£f
botanist^ by a work entitled; ' Fasciculi Duatuor Plantarum Cij)rrifiNMti-

huMnAylNhts not .|M<^i^;njati«i^i;|i|vJlf|i ^mm$^ o< hw^iPS^iUffic^daliA

uttentioo of the bolauists of AiacoMntr>' to one of,thf most abstruse and dJlTr-
mh psrta ot th« itiinCe'j to' fte KttVtitibetifir^ntfolf iWttcHl^e hfSfc bliii^dr ^6ary
^reaUycoDtrlbiit^il/* • v; ,. \^ ^ f. i •':• • ^ %'./^> %wv

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dl^ Niger, ftndto dbtaim soifle"authetitte'hiforfn&tion coticeiYi^g
TV)tefcbuctt>o. . t

^-'flince their estttUishment in 1788, the Association had em*
^bfed^e^trral pertonfton Missidnsto valrious parts of AfriSj
manv of whom had perished either by the climate or by' the
"hCMsofthe ttfttives^ and they had just learnt the death of
JHtf6r Houghton, ivho had been sent otsrt td explore the obtrr^e
'df TO Niger, and penetrate toTombuctoo and Housaaft. ' ^
"•'The attention of Pferk having been (}rawn to a proposition' of
the society, offering a liberal compensation to any one willing to
ttnderteke the new e^iploratoTy mission, he made applicatfon
fliroiq^h Sir Joseph Banks for the appointment, which he rea-
dBt obtained.

^ Having received his final instructions, he set sail frofh Pdrt^-
inouth on the 22d of May, 17^5? for the Oambhi, on board' the*
Endearour, an African trader, where he arrived on the 2l'st
df the following month. An account of ttiis journey was
published by Park on Ms feturn, ^'hi<sh took place on the
S^ of December, 17^7) after an Absence of two years and
'lieven months. Park's arrhral was ' pecuWarty grattl^ing, not
' idittly to the African Association, bof tofhepuWic at large. In
ifllfke, 1798, he visited his mother' at Povvlshiets, arid his other
lelations in Scotland, with wh'^iM he rcfnained during the sum-
therand aatumn. Here hd was'emplo/fed in compiling the
Account of his Travels from notes and memoranda written on
' separate pieces of paper. He quitted Fowlshiels at the latter
im of the year, and returned to London to superintend his ex-
pected publication, which appeared in the spring of 1799.

Among other information contained ih the present interesttng
Volume, the opinion of Herodotus ts stated, that the Niger
directs its cbnrse from West to E^t, end not; a^ the gco^ra-^
tihevs of the middle age would lead o^ to appose, from East to
' Vfext. On this topic v^e are referred to a'disqckisition in the
Appendfac concerning the" termination or the Niger, fn wWch
die editor has shewn great jhordgmetttift his dahiayAtedtftslJi of
-4fa6 hypotheses of diferent writers. We hme examined with
Biinnte attention the various statements') but we m\M confess
«nr inability to deduce from them imy certain inference |
for all are, lO a grenter cnr t€fS5(^4)^^rse, intoildusive ^d eon-
l^otaral.

An aHasion is madei ii» the'ae«ittttt before^ bs, to two orrcfim^
stances in which the 'ehafacterbf'F»rk is eoticerned'^ #e meail
the <*opiiuoii.wbieh has prevailed, <tha| Pa#k was a stipje>ofter of
the cause of tloDeryy and an enemy to the Abolition of the

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279 J^irfc"! JfMMMd^aMifiilli*^

Slftte IVade;" and, <^ »fttp<»t eqimtty^cwimti Aai!«lrT^^
cifivhichbewattbe|>rofeaM author, vlFereeompos^ Mtby Pifl^

Bimself, but in a very considerable degree, by Mr. Bryttn^Stf**^
wards." To the first allegation we give o^r decided opup^-
^k>fi ; in support of which, were it nocses^a^, ^e conlU'' Vnog"
sufficient argument. Sd unblushing & charge on the character
#f a man) in whose life were blended so many trails oftiufiilbe^
fueling and superior worth, carries with it its own^Con7(ita(^)Ai«.
With regard to the second^ we cannot but expi^B'i>\ir fiffm%t
ttie fact, which is clearly proved by the editol' itx ^ ptfa^^^if^h
which he quotes in coincidence of his own opinioh.^
V. We.p«s8 over- the 'cireuuwtancesdf bisiinamKge«*^liui3Qibe^
in the praetiof of hk ptt>fessioii-«^lbe'i«pula($0n he iriainUdiic#
for charity and gratuitous benevolence — andi^onduet the reaAM
li> that period ofhTs life, when his ^reject of exploring Afiica/

sieemed likely to be realized.- - - , - •]'

Sir Jfpseph 3^ks afpQu^ii^ed hin^ byJetter, /' that in conse-*
qu^nc^ of the Pea^,, the Association woidd .certainly, xeviy^
their project of sendipg^ a mission to Africa, in order tofpencri^
tfa^to, and navigate, the Niger;" adding, ^^tliat incase go v^i?
ment should enter ioto^*^ plan, : Park woutld eeitoinlycibe r^
qommended as the * person proper ta be employ^* for cairyiHg
it hito execution/' He, however, did not receive anjroi^dili
intinuKtion of the plan of govermnerftr tiU the autumn* of IBOSf.
when he was presented with a. letter from the office of tib^Gold^^
nial Secretary of State requiring his immediate attendance. On*
his reaching London he had an interview with Lordil6bart,Tiow
£arl of Buckinghamshire, and Secretary of State for ,t}ie Cojoniai
Pepartm^nt^ from whom he learned the natur&x)f the prqjectdl:'
expedition, which ey^ntuaUy proved ao lamentably fatal, l^k^
formally dedined giving, an immediate anawer to tli^ pi^op^j^^
whiab was then made .tQihim> u^til he consulted hiscfriendai for
which purpose he iounediatelj^ iepaired*.to. ScotlaQd. > rksai
short time, however, he aonouiic^<to(Lord Hobait faia acceplA
ance of the proposal/ aiid taking. leave of hi& family andf&i^dss
lie left Scotland^ti Dee^mbeTf f B08. Park did not conleftlpMtd^
^e least delay in the lailipg of the expedition: but ti^^^H
tariety pf pauses, .wbich we^h^ve, not^K<3tom tp^ci^iima^i^.
it did npt take place t&l ihe 30th pf January, iSw.Vffei^
tjierefpr^ mt^ obJig^d.Jp.r^tc^rA tp tbe.b^^pp^ ^^tUs famjijl
dmid the most paipfi^l ^anxiet^j^ ^^cl 'filled ,qp . t]iQ mtqnr^^ii^

of the Arabic. Early in Sfif9^»itor,ilfiM|}^>ffipeived a^letMi
&OKnithe.XJ<tdn Seosetiuy. of State- «foci^lbe4i£dniiiak Depart-

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TMMtfi^ lipi^dpfi bft y^fwted. the feUpiiwt^ Jtl«D^^^td Liadlr

'-\dc • ^' u- • . '••:.■•• "'-:•'' ••

'Lf/feifohr delb)ptdhi^3i^Uflgo, Farkp fyq, to. Lard Cajf^^ on th^Ailt

f,,.\. of October^ XBO^. . . , :f>. .

'S A i^ttaoular 4f:cpHnt— 1st, of the obj^^ to wbiQix ^iv JPftirk>

^tentiQnwill be chieHj directed in bis journey totbe.lDterloft

«;of Africa: 2dl7» of the meaoB necessary fpr §<3goia|^sbingtb<|i|r

'journey: and Sdly^ of the manner in whicb be proposes if,

' ebrry tbe plans of government into execution.

« 'f Tfaeoloect* wbfeh Mr. Paik would constently keefi in i^^w
Kre» the extewiM ^ British commerce, and the erdargemeni of Msr
fft^aphical hnomUdge.

'^ la directing bis enquiries with respect to commerce, be v^o\i\i
propose to himself the following subjects as worthy of psrticulaf^
inyestigdtioa.

*' 1st. The route by wbfnh teercband!4e could "be mcst.easijf
ttinsported to the Niger. This would be aiCom]Aished by dtl^tiai
iii|;totbe nature of the cotxntry, whether wooded or open, llhvin^
wliter or not^ being abundant in prbvisions or otherwise, And \yhe-
thtt* OKpaUicr of ^imishing- thd necessary beaito of burthen .
^6&tHy!. The safety or dangter of that 'roatej 'ThiB^ by :r0iisidoring
thf^enera^ character of the nativ^s^ 4heir goverooaent, &c. ', tha
jealyqif tea that European mercbaBto. would, be-likely to excite, and
toe gaard that would be necessary for the protection of the oa-

'^'3dly. The return of merchandize. This, by making out lists
of sucb articles as are produced in each district^ and of such usagra
imported from the neighbouring kingdoms.

** 4thly. The ralue of merchandize. This could only he dnnc
by comparing the articles with each otherj with gold as a staii-
dwd, and with European articles in exchange.
' ^ Gtbly. Profits of trad^. This could be ascertained by bnrte^-
Jiag'^ne Afiricaa article for another ^ an JBuropean- artklQ foraa
Miffmk, «r. an. Afrioao or European article forgoid.

' *^ 6tbly. The extent to whicU such a commerce might be earsifi4
4SM|^^ a, careful and cautious coi]9pan»?a;^9f.t}ieAbpy^, coii^efitadi
with bi)its of industry ip the natives. \ . ♦

"Mr. Park would iFkewise turn bis attention to the general
fargnty of ^be country, whether any part of it might be usefuj
lb' Britaih foV colonization, and whether any objects of Natura^
testotV, With T^bich'the natite^ are^at present ufiacquai^itedt
*i$ht be usefiil io Britain as a ^omtft^rdal. tmttoa. ' ' '

' ^llCr.>PfllrUi«Mltl'|N>op«te«d biit<s<^ir«he following 0«bj^tA'^ij
M^otiM9rhii(gtogta^Meil.fesMrelMear • ' i^> '

' '^ ^kflU'^niMalaiactllM .«ontectrJatiti|da''aiid loagtelda Ufalte
different places bia visits in going, to tbe Niger.

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1 '' 12d1f . To «M«rtiitti, If poMible, the lemitHAMi 6Hhtfit¥^; "
*^ ddly. To make as accurate a sunref of the river* •* Wi'tMil^

ation and circumstances will admit of. ^. • .».^i•<i«

*' 4thly. To give a description of the different king^oniso^r^gr

■ear the banks of the river, with an accoani oi the maaneni^fifB

jSttStoms of the inhabitants. ,./.:;/'

*' Means necessary for accomplishing this Journey. \ _ ^^ ,

30 European soldiers. *. ::'i

6 Kuropean carpenters. -vro;

15 or 20 Groree negroes, most of them artificecs. • • *'-»

1 H^es or mules. } *« »>* I^"*»^ « »t'*8f- • ,,;,

<^ Articles of Dress, ^-for the Soldiers and Negroes, excluswe o^ iU?
common Clothing, i *: jti

EACH MAN.

I Musqaito veil.

1 Hat with a broad brim.

9 Flannel under vests, with

sleeves.
S Pair of mosquito trowsers.
I Pair of long leather gaiten*

EACH MAjr. *.

1 Additional pafa* of shoes. ., , <
1 Great coat for sleeping, stmiW

to what is worn -by the» ei^

valry.
Knapsack and canteen fbr imi

velihig. » : '. •

^* Amu and AwunmsUiat^

'}U .

6 Rffle-pieces.

^ or 10 Blunderbusses.

' EACH MAN.

1 Gun and bayonet.

I Pair of pistols and belt.

1 Cartridge-box and belt.

BACH MA!^,

Ball cartridges.

Pistol ditto.

Flints.

Gunpowder.

Small shot of different (AtH

Articles necessary for equipping the Asses*

|00. Strong sacking bags.
60 Canvass saddles.

(Ohths, buckles, hklters. -
6 Saddles and bridles fcr

" Articles necessary for buitdmg and rigging two "Boats on the 1
the following dimensions, viz,'

40 feet keel — 8 feet beam — to
draw 24 feet water.

Parpenter*8 tools, including hat-
chets and long saws.

Iron work and nails.

Pitch and oakum.

Cordage, rigging, and sails.

Two boat compasses.

Two 8p3ringwglas8es for daf'Ol
night. . . - ) n>

Two small tm^on flags.
Sbi dark Isittems. " ^'n

Two tons ^rOaMiHn floe. '
Cooking ucffiisfls. ' < '"v)
MediciB68 andiinsmnmedM "

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Gold beads %

Small black beads (

White ditto f

Yellow ditto J

Five double-barrelled gnus

Five pairs of ditto pistols.

Five swords with belts.

Small mirrors.

Knives.

Scissors.

Spectacles.

Dollars.

. J, rhessary PreunU to the Kings of fVoolU, Bondou, Kajaaga, FoolMdoo,
Bfimb0rr0, ami th^ Kings of the hUerior.

fejt bTue Jndia bafts yds. 150

It rat cT 'ditto - -" - - - 50 1:3111011 oiacji oeaas i _cmn.

Scarlet cloth . . . . 200 whu*. ,?if#« r - «••

BTue ditto 30

Greea ditto 20

Yellow dtttp . . ^ . 10
Scarlet Salisbury flannel, red

night caps, &c.
Ajodber ^ .... - ^150
Coral --..-:. 50
Mock coral - - ^ - - 60
,tn^ite garneU j -^

R^gameU T - ^ - »
Red beads '\

Black points > ... 50
P^ccadoes J

-^ ^ btief Account of the Manner in which Mr. Park proposes to carrjf
the Plans of Government into execution,

. '<Mr. Vexk wooM tovch at St. Jago* in order to purchase the
SBBSte and mules, amd a sufficient quantity of corn to maintain thelft
during the voyage to iaoree and up the Gambia. At Goree ho
proposes receiving on board the r oldiers and negroes fonnorhp
Bsentioaed, and would then proceed to Fattatenda, live hundreA
mite up the Gambia ; where, having first obtained permission
from the King of WpoUi, he would disembark with the troope^
wm»j &c. After having allowed time for refreshment, and tfc0
adttegsaxy aerf^gements being made, he would then proceed oo
his journey to the Niger. The route he intends pursuing would
kadhM tnrough the kingdoms of Bondou, Knjaaga, Fooladoo^
and BambarircK.

** In comluctiDg an expedition of this nsAure through such zn
foa^ o£ country, Mr. Park i» sensible thai difficulties will ua«
«?«^ably oceur: hut he will be earefhl to use conciliatety^

.Wjteiwcg 00 ever}' occasion. He will state to the native princea
iltfe'good uoderstandihg that has always subsisted >)etween them
•nd the finglish, and will invariably declare, that his present jour-

f#^yjB undefftaifien ^ely forjtbe eaUeniMon of commerce and pf#^
Aotion of tlieir mutual interests.

**On hi^.svTival^tthe Nigier, his attention will be iiiist4irefM3i
to. gain the friaadship of the King of Banibavra. For this puqiose
he wULsei;^«ooeof the BambMrRa Dooties forward to Sego w^thlu
small present. ...This. man wiU infonn Mansong of our arrival in
h» lMfyg^i9mi <»fi4 thft^.it is our inten^o» to come down to £ie^
with presents to him, as soon a$ he has givea «» permission,. ai<i

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m

^%k;*wV6titdf proceed litfmedatefirt6 Se^/ahffia
ftefe Mr:*afk*'T)ersoiiAl kirbvledg^ of *th8' 6tmttfe"i

fii tfe Kln^Am of Wswgttm, bfeitrgu-i^^^^
tbSI&aMS four MiAfted milM fVo&i the tAd<% of 6i
'v^ Jf m ' Hver 'kWmW Uttibfttiiiately feifl !rJre, :^
lSii!l[''!Hit rilWtion-^tt^mciy'^w lie wouM; 1, ,

guhi^by ))(fs'dtstaacefjt)tb tht boost, bjr tb6 c]^aract^rbf t^b'
rounding, natioqs^ and'by'tkc existing ^(Hrcum/^**^"^'' ^^
titaation. !i ' ' r

•«' *rWetttrn *by tHfefrt^rtd the wc^tWard'Wfe'ujjJteteM!
be impossible* j[o'|>rt)6eed to the ndrftiTrard eqtaUf %a^i
ii^^ through Ab^?nlh ^tremfely^dangelfous. The on^
i% Toiite ttrat Aold^'out ahy^ hopes of siiacete> is thdtto'
Bighi of Gumeq. .If the. river should take a soutborfy
itt:/^JSk vffttQd-iohs'Jder itafehii dtitjrto ^ifcw it tdits
xtftjon; afldfif tt should ha{)^!y ^rt)ver to be the RSVer
^\M ihet^edJbarlc with the'troopS knd negroes on board
vessely^nd return to England from St. Helena^ ot'bj'Wtttt^

''.Th^ibllowing considerations have indjiced Mr. Park toi^

that W^dSg'ohfnr «e IftelitftdCfte Hhe ^frSinntlo J*dfttfe^N"^^

AMm> t^Mbiiifeg iaift itMraatuafliMfrJdi^ ttetdi^ver^- W^^ I

the inhsAviMMAmiaA bditiMili ktsmMxht^R^M^kAii^^ttlfi.

Breiifftn of mi^wi, iWb grefen ntni forV)ner"^- ^*-* ^^^-^
ftiJci it fld^Tfed^^lSwil^tti^gJ^gflW^ «,„ .. -

the UtalheM* The course here given is direcUjriSiHCRiFChft^

" • ci-^: j>i, :>K'i2 .11 .joV .vafl tihO

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P-dritV^outnMd^^ ftH

^leeiiio

id bftiJwsKTigeri or a(.l99t to have a cmm
Mil^W^r. . Now ^ik/f aaeav iH toUxHtXl^

iiuiti^' of Water -disftyi^ Urt6 tticr Mhiii^ If

«f>i|te|j;eAt^^, ^ .

firrtupposed to Ibrm the Kelt 6f Africa^ inie atfumlty fttut

fof^, libit ,wbN^ tte i^lM .^AwtQCMfiMoA l»Jt]»ei«o«t)^ i^tfe of t|i^
iii)MPiB^ils«.t^lCG|^ 9fber:ri»er»,itfj2iMca,^r«uH Iff

greatly iiiiBuiUhed in size^ ahd'that iU waters wotfQ becoiQ|

t the Congo ddptun^ncW Imre aiii
" '' ■ and ogiWeriffecUt^ '

j/» 5mv. Thie aniiuar

fire jWsJ of 1eirc'N%^if, calculatiug Ae water h> h^^^AtMei f\
l^jfilinr'ra^'tiei^^ofCbreemaediidrhoHr. t

^ Mk*. FaA' IB oF opttiion, that irheA your L^fd8hi|y Asffl baore
4nh^4tid(jpMi tllt«tiqV< raasou^ryaii vriU beindtioM to chndndt
tlm.lp* bqpes of vetunung by tba Gdwo am hoi nH^g^lher ftm-

>r^V«Hxu0f|s,.jk> >« i^rod^ctive of .«he.ut«^oa^ a^ivaiUajBP |q.
'^ritaiii*-

iscovepr
-ipw,p
e ia.ihis world.

(Sigtt^

discovery \

' "j?^ memoir tra^ followed V7 ^ note from ikndOtete^
«»KO!uiift:atiiig ttMif apf<idMliMli«'4)f Air. Pmlt^d^hfiMte after
Bfe^obt^p^ hi^Mgl iiMTtioiioiiByiMt «tfU UdieCteiewt

Bp^Hntli^CbfMfVlMrclJdMa «M^

tt^MlitMbe «iMiMMett» Ks'liM' latrttottd jdKuiiajy w/ ' "
\ <^h^A5^ tt« first p«rt of oilr prnttn' irtic^
^e tl6 toiM^li 4$vi# ne^Mi and to pay Mr hKt (

Cftrr. Rbv. Vol. IL Sepiembery 1815. 2 N

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mboUnd. In penuing them ^^e.^emj&ww,^^^
%^jpgp;^iity:o£.tlieftatJiQ^^^ |;te/,<£Mc of Pii^% or a l^t^e«^>£-
tovtry m T^^ra ilMtmiumcbgm/a,'"* whicb was imposeciupgp
the pubHd MMvl^ a otntufy mmI a half am j and of its imitators,

■fcmiGriiape;-'' •• ■'• — , r- .- .->

Xf sThcr jdVa^-'briToreicis. betts the atrdngestt restobhtfiee t%;tiui
iRAa df ^j»«K/ \i^itii ndaoh Criiiod^Uke adventuie sprmkkd
06^Bi^iit The lieroear ]«r^ b^th cast on thor^ though ih

hqught buf.Mv^ . tactics^,/ iCxu^oe's ah^r^totor js coniiste^
t^^^iOQt; but E^orose;4ip8i into .philpsop))y a^d mOrali^.; ^'
:- 1^.eni^9etitefedonybo9rdapriy4^ec» anaoaig a ciei^ cony^c^
of the refuse of several nationss aset<^f abaiidoi^ad^lrua^^c;^ f)(»b-
^MNHilQieft. * After ene i^f Iheir disgraaefui .orgkiB,rPeiiro9e waaieit
io'^ediic^sboat^ ip ao btsttal* a ^tiute of kx^bijiitic^i, ih^}f^
m^ d^ti^dndticbnscidiislyby tfai^lSde, aiiH cist upon a tsaadh'
Ibonl^i .. W)^t) ^^' ^irituott^ ft'imes had'xmvtly evaporated^ he
foiiira' hifnsefr alonei upon a de^olatte snore, t^MoUt food ^
"^ati;!;^^ ^^^(^(gi^ossed of noyweapon of defence, ^hts driknoM
r^don appeare to be in SoutK America, but we have heSlhfer
1[frtdjifc.tArs)ktta^^^^ pf 'alseftmaj)^ firttljiqiijlr}^

to guUk^^\\im\thf: 'sp6t. mAJW< mu^h c^se^rcix.tp satisfy^]^
imptiiffli&^ya of hanger, ^ba fiwod a few small shell- fish, cm
JW>tiftbWWiMd>iitfj»f!^ W»«i> i$«^u(i|e^8F<»w

«lif**^!W*oi»bk*^^ lii^,imiU^>^lims(|jf^ ^^^Ij^u^r^fif^

i%e4'falb«r^Qnith0 poi^t o( death. ; Sc^ilfgAja Hl^J9M,f)SH^
famlaiis were eoimfnitted ta^the eafth^.JP^Hro^^ set about t&

JMit 4SMfeyib5r«N<K»*ia^9NH[i«^

^rtttter^'bidbfotheK ^ II« ifbiiif^tA^oj^comWlttirf hafipivetaMf;
TQ^^dfltevi;Yife was'lbi^higu^flie^.brotlwt* JaitHfa^WJd'frieudff.
3PIS^Mfe-,'1n cofmhoV'trtth'ali ciMiit ImJitjijsi.wals e<^tm
fishing, which he eterclsed with mucli success^ ''^rMTef'tlithtftl-

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l«M1aMMK»ff>r.f»frd:u»drbCMti Kem bMMi an eMMkh*

children aaiifliaiimMiea,^'^^ wbiohh*

called Miss Doe,, his only conopanion previous to, his mankflk

Me%»,1ftJ ihi* siamanlM't^'^tcmae,- W titncHwi^
K MitWeK Iftetisiiltk^tttt't* JHc fe^aVsK*i; WiSl 'he '560
p-iiiiieHsits fir* wi^tiVifitt liwiif ©r tK* gJSd fhiB'^' »

Ofjif iiiitiitore(f seaman,: settfed wtV Bs family, about ^ntu

• I fj . *• "? »,' .*" •'" ■ " ' ' >> .' . ' ' — * '" ■

'^Ttie wikM* teems t^ 1)6 <tmd6dbetveen^^^uIiJiyajMfti6^|rd^

cism. There are readers who are willitig to Mi^e.ev^iCmMiaf^

tiAmrj ^KKIiig;#6k1»d>tt%tbeta ;^iihtie^<araio|l^

seloie tq^ivaoroaitto any; 4iol hgC^e not lHieoi9HbmiMf(i*io Hie tUfiF

|m5(%.^ to tne jT^li^y q€.3ucn «hjects,,but \)ein|; soroe^hUtoj
Ae giqfriyiioii prder^ they ar^ fe^^rfdl of* the imf)3^t^tion of ^ti^av^*

f'lri'Jtheir narrations, ani Would rather stippr-ess' a; ofrcpm*
*^lt^\rortby to be'knowtti thati in^ar the chuncte^ of
[iddf^t weak credulity.' ' ■ ^ -....., r.

« lii^e beeti led to these laefeotioub I9 IDany extrnofiMBMgr
tiiillj^*' wJikh ksve iQojDe u«defi ^y own ^fasarviutioi), .of . ^
<ferM*ecoaqmy and maoageinatt |0fMiaAiM« 4n»r^eitai^tvMir^«r
:^itg^Uf^Workl. ,An UMtanf3f» 4>r twciiJ^ahaU iinaaticm. l.jmjf^
i^^^ .with. the pud/elU^ wy^^e^ a ]^ii>d of viBe|,ij^hijQb»#^nit h«|i
f^|§^ jfco the top of.thf |«;0Hf}v4tree in ^|i{r foi^Rft^ .dfopa^d^iVMi
S^FP^wdi^^^lly^ ^% ^ ^Mi^liflf P^ lUelMop^f i^^l i>f ^ thickness^
tiU within about four feet ot the earth j it th^q *Pf<l^^ 91^.^ .U^^
the ti;iil of ahorse, but on touching the gtbund iakes'^oot afresh^
and as£e^d%'a4hefore.**. '\ ^ 1 \ * li '* '• > *

''^"PferefWe Wert isiribsf ItKifinect td exelMm'^^tfi^PiolbnJtiii,

i0«b7db4filMped^aAtcuwninoa4uj^tMLi|^ MiHi mmtk

Aod jBiiilfi>ii slrt9ikck?milibiWi(eibt<^>me«i)kerH^ ^Wj|^4!M%M^tft

.^fkjlfk^ A^,w^^?«p^^^^|feWi?^^w,jth9Uft«ndi«f W^^

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di<V mm tpt pewiwiaroiv He, lawe ver,. rf:w8kd» 9); ^Wifflfte
irjfieaniluiil. Wt^'litqe thQUg1it'Wliat> cloud W^ nau^ip^ pv«^i^
&Ai and MLdjf t5 involv^ him fh destruction: 'He hjjil JEor ^ij^
tbiieJQif(^Ct«4 ^U wif^*fr04elf|y; ahiibneilHy^^suspttiotitp VetiB'
i«ir ft jdegrav confirmed, Aitt*F«flier Mftttiii #» 90iM#)mt^ffii#^
tblHL eof^fewor to his Iftdj. The httb 'r^piHft&tibii )iikl pdW^iil
th^pii^ ei^oiaed him to sikoeeitotiKth&uofltomdeiitMB^
t^«> bbwever^ he took the ^T^oppenrla^hwrnt^fmrn^KkkmSA
remoititrariBg wRh her, a^il inveighed m^mt' ih^^ewmi^hAdf^
t^f hit lewdness and hypoeriey, m ilo qiiaUfed' tevmts ^A #i9tW:;

abw'io iKink of eodvertmg Kim' to-tlie'C^tbolie rfi!^9, wli^:^
Eld lid icraph^of >iolAting its most sacred imftiMiBCts. p3)b^>
oMa^H had ^njbMed' ^iba^ M the'dergy, thai t^em miiMfeA
dbeimeted ftom ail oamal de6ires> shouhi Sdnlge only In Sdinne
oeiitemplatk>ns« and their Ipes be spent in the c|ii^te,||^ W^^^
pdrffrmaiice of the duties of th^il" hbly JH^nction.' J^a^^ ^|^,,
iftaMhn oPtheir order, they wcAj Admitted Into femilies at jblQ t^i|e%^
mid In ill places, from #h!ch dthfers of their sex wer^ excludeitf ,
f% MiiTm thte' privilege to theii* purposi^s of s^uctioo aud yifi-. j
latioh of the marriage bed, wad a scandal to the reli^gn thgr'prti*^^
ftised, a Tttodcerjr orCod'B'ofdiTiaiices, and aeonteinpt. of t^ ciyjjg,
inifiiiitionflf hy wWch isdcietj- is Md together. They ^estfyft to .j
be itelMA' severe examples of difertded ^u^lice^ yrbeD,'lM^^'o^^
Mudtiing others by thehrorecepts ahd examples, by t&'e pqn^'iK^^
Ihetr' dbcffrine, and tbc satactit^ of %heir mannevs, 't|ie]E b^Miie^
g^tiMS'cbrhij^en, aaiflrved in (^e open pn^ctice'rftheinoalv^
abbihinatfleViees; fn deiflanc^ of'icio^ipon difcengy^ abpve VfJ^ c6'ft». i
trdttltjfsictt&raiith^ri^/" • .,*.-.;.'..>,;,. -Vio

Ii^orderthat'th'e reader may bVin^uc^i'to'b'eKqreiife't,!?!^

hrxd

nof imwefjfately ,pw, ^ft^ct. iRy.lQl»«^ «3reSji; i^.ii9^i'3ifltal<Mkid

lbiaaga&%^ theworld, McertainaKliiiif, ir^fl^M'^ISterias
vMrnirflto^ amV Mer'liitlfmidei«> the^kisr^tkm of any GMlisei|

• •*'• |f?t^Jr<^ irt ^ri»/»mfnHf<' '»i'. «/'*tt in «;* bluow II

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nmmrtkiNtlNI^^}^'9AiaSS

lwgtr.'fc»uai»<lwttdiyiA<ntf tHcf«{tt^niis^stidnb^tti^dA(
«f rook* tod ckfts qf tnes; ao^pDe Mrt, fixed tp (^, Jiq^jMAi

to;% i^SlIy .Vieqft . WUpdw,. JTW fr.ylwllnrtWy

»airi|b4ho »A9r|»rfof Dm wil^ tspcna^awirptteii'iiMld^

ii/tb«^l»«e»f upon the ground, s^oi^ tl^i^HS^
Hini rtc* j '» wnalt plaa» gpA^gin^ tip through its b6df; n htiir'^^
iBMfi%iM^ WMk^lvfO^dkfiienrin it9^tailtlnr<{e time^ It^J^£

96mn9^^'^&kr.;\ But tfaeiivpst j^jteous.compluQtK^

-^Jli mese birdft are remarkable, I ^baU give r^vjji^ 4^W#H%:
of tnetx^ It is about th<? si^e dffjL, stejjliug, jwuf. culled by aom% '
t*?^n|(^ i th^e afe aevernJ soilsi of Jfeewjw IjUt ^1 ^ttl^f J^tif^, ..
yhmi^e^ 'they make.^beir Dwta to hang 4awa .frow, ^ PHtc^i
W^ifli >f j» tree by i\ string or stnxng fibre,. theL neat ifli^lpDg '
'•"'"'^tb^'Ciifebage net. Many times aa Ihay^ pi|aiied «fiaf onM^f •
U,^ l)ue! l^htl ba9 at ooce darted dpwjQ irom a IjXo\j, full ii| ipy ^
^>!i9ed Uaclk^ atid then returbed a^n in a joogt.fuxioiift nm^ntffi. •
W'tt'Wdtiia pic;k out my eyea, ao that I have.l^u. g!bligAd.^it^ .t
sftw^bff? Hiese birds are fond of a particular kind of insect,
wMiiit8jaledj^her as aineular a^ tbenaselvos; they ,are^|i«4<ui

kifA^oi

rhou$e

ai>d such kind of troes; fhey mak^til^aMietvea^.

boi^e* $oiQetbiiig in shape resembling ^aisbii>*a bu(;g^ <

^f f substance so rough, thai it is impossible to break it with tho

9itfAi^{€9^ thJ^i^lbwei^n^ itself d(S\vW, hi^b Uutla^ itself lip.
fiand ov€r hand^astlic 9ailaTCnfe¥tfi'»^t,U*Wfe'^flix{^(g^"''lhkve
seen above a thousand of them lianKing on one ti^e. like so m
bobtilite'^» »ftpmitfeb#* ttr'^ote§rl^TbK^^*utJi^^
W«««mc8^/^ri«5infffir'he'flS^8«''Whl5Kni<i*1^ tSm^ iihe/|

♦n44l<Wi<%^*lt#Y,S.I0*iA^;«^*M' *''''"" XW ^rlT n^qir a^J?

imifiTfo yntx ton.' v^ni silt i5>ij-iM Til 'v>v9 vmr. aJiTw won
it wook) seem that the mammotli, or tUfNt^^mHmkletj^'^

tee(lF4ffimf^^ 6di^ WeApJf^t^o'poafkTs eac^'and

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iMteB^vbttt soil old<. HetSwnbegMtodhclriyariJiHfi/v^
llte^^tifteauglit two mvMofi fidiy utrtriohV >iititli^<e9ir6hMAK tei
tolf fA^i^ttiA loddjr for their tferviei^ge^ mirt^ Mir^elfti»llti«f«»lib9ll'
^Ourp$rtjr maNv* became ri«* fti ]()Tecib\jiij fittital*; >^Th^Mlte«lM
Viettdy 1>y anotherwooderful fncidcdt, hiddetrtrie^uh^J^^
dfVkriaQ&Qrticles of silver, piate^anddoMatBf ^Idbh^l^^
)e$3'at present, tbey melt^ down (escept-ll^ 'dolt^rif), kfiitittig
JB.pit; in which they concealed them, * Tiietide|>f ^ppd^f^^
S|oinetiuies flows rapid)y,*-r-k proved «o in this oasfiiy^^
|i9iind in the boat <^ a larg« Imnp of ain^rgriic^ difiiirniffin^PI^
lour from that which" they <<had found before." .Tbe-^fPNlf
day f hey found a cask of salted provisions, and saw avess^
ataridJhg: to ihe ^oiith^-ard, but which d!*httl distov«^ th^irt^ as
^hey fdwed aWay^ ftoni it; Btirih j| th^e ^tr^cpfeeted ^i^v/mM' «
stjiunge anhnal wad caught Htthetr trap, W-hich ttarflry idfeaf^tW
Id' subsisting on .nhts.' - 'fhis netr discovered genis 'of-^uatf^
rupcds, he said, :^ ^ 'ni K';3Viirf

*' -Crept sldwTy on towards ah ant*p nest, lay "fljil oii'ftifenr fcel-
Kijs, then put fbrOi tongues W, a great length j, xfrlildV n^V^? m&
to>tfpact multitudes of these insects upon it; Whell^^tfil^^aft
^nds^ by their strong biting^ that he had got i sttfT\d^nr'?i}?|glm'
he tJUen whips in his tongue^ swallows them,, and be-ins' ^fe ^m
pn>ce$s again. Harry pulled out the tongue of 'thi{ d^itf ^fffi^
:which was exceedingly long, narrow, and round." '" '/* *^- ^' \

The reader may aptljr inquire, what lerigth? *tpi}k\f^^
conjecture; but we think that a narrator, who 'coirfd Iffve^'iEM
weight of a tooth, might surely measurp the lengdt .of ^^tpiij|ae.
The next stoiy is certamly very probaole, if V^^'^^pi-^^^J^
flies, which in Louisiana are the saipe fiie, as ^ioj^'ij^^^^'
fcogland^.. . . •„ '•. ;• . . . J.^ifM^Hbty'^^i

tJ-,!'V' t w ♦* I' 'I'j^.i , . ,'/.•>. a v".i> Tifli>Jool ,»T<j

__ tny custom' ^ome tii^^s.fo ctit^a stjce bi those ham§*(t4e/^l
-tents <ff the' teii-rel fo^ind liporf ihe seal b^ach)'ih a>i V*^iwg4^(d
^I'WHti il plHntiiio. Ahl wa#^tii)g 0$ uiU^l; on^'^ti^lttf^thOulU
v^kln^ jtoy'pipe>ynrf wifcr asked n»e why I didjAot4ak«la>b'ftiar
Iikpjm9^i4r myjsiai^pfr) il Jmlttedifltely^i^ n^;madMpAmueidiKf
<]|ri^&r iha<purpafie, wtialitn (to^cnt 'ixjtUoe, -^JOmm \9$tmmmfi
j|ung 9i great. way^ba^^invttieWtira..<)AA^l ^f^f^fM^WK^

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%itt/^'i%aa «iite#ed|HdtW Uy h&U standings i>A^ etkir^^t^

Stitar^Wfu^ md a btdb td aiy}|eir, and skfectheu. iold me ^ie. aeafibll
iftdrMfS^me^MtinM^iMi «ayip^.i}h/9 \vi9Ad(^ci white: xn^nJ^Md

' -'-"^ K^^^^^^^^^j- olycct, lor such Jt i^*"

^vi^g^ot fpdr fire flies^ such a« I before meutVq^e
-^ -' ^^uijifers/hacf contrived to fix two of tKeiii be

pre^n^i^teCTuSiffl two ovei' hiB eyes; and tliualigbtei

(Ij^'haa fta^if Ijffl'^elf in a cfnfk' tok-ner.' The light throwti uiwii
inPficc "W&'of aVr^rtTSh Ktib, and made him altogether iti cdf
dfii^eroiitf^'thlli'I tlmfttthe dtoht^^t'h^atll would have been datititel

ariftertJht." ^ " - • • ^ ' • 1

f*.v.%v/ ;'r/- H^^ ' • •: ' ' ' ' . ' "• /' „!a

?£ Jlbls tfu^^ waf pUiytd Qff;upon another of Mr. Penrbscf f tas-
pdjtf Xf'^^i^^ ^^ iQcr42ased by vojluntecrs from th^ 4'^^^}'^'^^i!!5^
teJ^, \f l>i<4i't]^rew tbe'iferrifi^d.pmoii ihtq §^s, ftom wbi/ij^it
ffW.^lopg ; Wore be rcc^y^^^. .j>|oraljiattflg,,upoa ,Uu3, pi^^^
chievoiu frolic^ the seamab says, . ..ji'-.:c/

4o?I -Jjift^Si'l^/^^^^y' averse to frolics pjT this kind, as very idle
^BA Te^d'ongerotis. few young people reaefct on the conser

fjtic^jhat ittay possibly follow them. Society may be deprfvetf
a Vfry useful melBiber by a sudden fright. Instances of^ thijp
lii-Wret bapfiened. The nervous system may be thrown int<>
m^ i^^ftfiitTp. as never perfectly to recover from the shock.
'Jjie grakificniion which we derive from thus sporting with the
naeliiigs of our friends or fellow creatures, is of a malevoleil^
Jkiad4ftuxl,ij^]vould at all, times hf inuch better to.lose^urjoke^
|Sa^pnyai^e^ our friend's corporeal or mental happiness." ,^ ^^ .

'**T!l9rift^tnrous editor bf this Journal continues his marv'cM<)to
SftjoteSti'm quick suctes^ion. The third volume'opens wilt a
*fi?f?f)t!2«'<rf'it »*klrid of fish called a cUckholV* wWck'
clasped Harry round the leg In wading among the rocks, wh<^
oa looking downv saw a monstrous lancksai as hp called it,^
:^^'h^^8^^ Cittaway Ijy his coiupanipn. , This!

^ijpjd'j^^^ffl! w^a^^^ to'.i'rock or'stpne, dnd to expanrf fortii'
mfmk^^^^M]'^ tnd'of ?.aph/9| which is a sort of n^put]^*
whgh cHtclves.fill iiunn^ inse<}ts, an/d , jJ^e .th^ probpscis^ oj^ap

W«heb0^- Jt'has nqheye^i tH)f can it fe» iiei^iqvedl fjoin U\fi
fbqr'wh^retoi'it^fix^c^i tlit should skny portion .bi . torb^itr
Wtatitiyv rtie^rt so torn t)r separalcri m-iH soon attach itself tb,
Attrft'^Atter^pfdr, ind*bedWi* Ht/^vr arid '^ttf«?crtaticks«n:Tft'
n^mWiti^Hii^i #i«An4ftf feittcfe; and 51 tU<^ oigoct W nih

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S8t TlmJcMmaiffPaami^MSMiMi.

bife (w A^vH&mtf ft will Aen 5uc|t the e«Mi^ttnl|ar, i
let die litisk or skin drop. For this^ bowem^ j^fn't^h
tajrs be has only the ipse dixii of Harry, but snppo^'the jc ^
tcm to be a kind of polypus. For the ejustence^ hbweVer/ of
^e fo4oim|; QOD-de$ci7|pt piaripe azumaIi^e.Iuw0lfy«j)^i(^

" Hirbugli boles fn t&e sid^ft of robkt, abonf Ibur fecit ANJ^
ieemed to grow small tufts of tloWers^ soinewliat resembfin^ Im
Mlyanthos, but of a pale rose coldur, iiow ctMl ttto irAgetfimt
Tellow; but on ttxf fttDnini^ down a pMMtef« to iboire m booJbh' «#
tbtttr-Of; they would instanlaneoatly vrtire into Ihe rode TKi
ftftt wetted our attteHtioas and fiAdiOjl^ by repaafdd triak fit rra4#A
fli^our arc, one of them was detacbad m a pkoa^of fOfiik and beat
i9|ilie^»aitd in a MiaU call we found a aemblance of a thin moit*
bi9|^ie<>ua sort; but the piria wbieb bad expanded like so manjf
flowers had now loat tbeif fonn. Tba wfaola was contnMrted^ fu4
it was shapeless > yet there- seemed to be a small palpitation Ie(L
wT)icb sbewed there was life In it. Many of these we had caasea
to retire, wei^e now expand^ again In full baauty^ but on oflW-
fn^ to touch them, thev incontinently Withdraw therael^ts al
before." " .■ • . . ...

Yft bare, nett^ « description of a variety of tortoisei' ^of .>
Mrr6w esoape from a wild boar-- «f piccary h<^, wM^ timr
liavels on their backs, which if not taWi imi^ Idae initiif tlia
beast>la' killed, the carease will vety soon beaoaae faiwtadu of
t%esa^ who first ate up Misa Doe, and then dewuredwi isJoHi
ftiiiaie/T^^io bad tafoomc the wife of oar aeanMii'# bf«l)iil|
Ifarff. ' A cup of pure gold wasr feimd eoASrimtigtwetftf dM*<-
kiMM, ntpposed to have been hidden by pfahtes, tul^Mvck
worthy mariner lived not to enjoy*

At the condusion the Exlitor Biafcoi another effort to %
belief in the mind of the readerr He apeaks of a Mr. ^out 1%^
for, mate of abrijp lying at the Hsrannah^ tprho Kertifias {fhm
New Vori^, iti Ndrtti AAier2ea) fhat he btt»me ac^uamted widk
tl)e mate of u^l^nish'rfkiop^^tiiat the mate deKvered to hina aa
did bfrfndlJs ^S^tfisk paptefe^ aaykigirwascHtnastieidttQr hiaylKr
two IwilaM Whi) tooke EngKsh^ one of wfaoii 4dd htia &
Spanish, that the whole was written by hia 'feAer, with • aoidl
MdlthHi' by* himself r und Hiariiia' ftither Ttquested ttatthey
sShcmM bl^^ut iffto thehaod^4>f the£fit penonwhowoadd pn^
miaotd dtHver them to aomt tfoaty^good BngtisbmaiSt to M«fcf
Um («bii^ed to his KattVt^eoUfttry* ' ' . ' •

Fen«9lse contiain^ a fund of enteitaimaent, ant^ from te
omul tondenc}', may wittt aafoty be pot into the btfida df
y<«itb, . A.'

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.rt^.z<l fi ^.•^f*:*.?^rV-^-rjf'--«/-A r-'T

r-'.H i-v xt

l9«^<

srbj' ^.\

16 ^1973

- .^ .tfqy«^^fJFuHe?v^4 "^9*^

liHii^niiiiilifcUiiiwiMaiMgiiUHthiiftriMit^Ajii iMJiliiBiliik

Ty^VJi weU i^'.lKtbicd (tk tneotdgy; and wh^Hier i;^

qiuintanoe with its^prece^tin^ lils indefatigability m^pnadf
mg the knowledge of its saving influcoce-Hi^e cwinot bol coik
mimiim!iii»Mtft Imiw 'con^i^wratiy . qiitlified <lo^ te . ite.*di«.

triipiiMr ipiritvd guidanee./ .-«*

ij^MMHttwte MiBar to thea»»xMni Mote ii«itUs»k
i«iMrk Dttif.appMtfiEitiitfe the Mitts of St. JPn4'
^iisteiilD^'iimiybiinfane* oflht 'pra^ticat vtiUty «f hM iiiil».
iiS^jtkmU/^k^thaatH^ far. the laodaMe puspose of ewjflkiVh
img ihdMitefia aai 'eascDtial mtaakig, and «f rMMmend^
them for general study. ^<Ii{s my dcrid^/' slie #t«<f <ma>
^tbrahemtNl^ oni^CMiiiiBft: factions are to be perforaitod^md
^fikimttwM»il»:9(mmH^ in awie^^dM cf (he ^sume >s|)iin|t
MA)easjte>twitiiflfa9$e/lnghRAilieji and tli^s^ wpafalkM si*

jfiaiQtiioiihkiBelMra^awi^lkgrfKS^ sbmsAdr^illMrfl t^^anevhat of

Bmtwbndsi^iiynatUeaiih^ *?i ^i t ith »..».'/ *n'vij .- ->,!'. v^'-r- ju\iur\\<\
XMffVkllavb^tnaiiMl iMiiAoImitittffrilb: l^tllUwlAtor atMitJAili

itoiti^lpsliiiisa»T»lJboy»dM^ iit^Mi enpiraiatiilMi^

The pecnUaritieB of St. I^i^dMwaoMft#re^diaiif|ft«wMi<a>i^

«MpiUta^biMfinrtiliuk«iiM »rtlww»v>hieif»teay^iigtedi»ss,

iMft^AsllniHtopy^eild j^ial iqMI^

IkiH ; and the admirable tendency of his composittork iti^M^
CaiT. Rbv. Vol. II. Septembery 1815. 2 O

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290 Mn^Morefs Eisay en the JMfe §^- ofS^iPMl

played in languftge no less liuniiH»u9 lb»a emphatic^. Tb^iftfo
lowinff'tre.tiie hi^ds o£vthe •enteral cliaf»l;efs>-4-l, Introductaqi
Booaiics: on the Moraliftjr of Pagaaisni^ ahewkig the Necessity
of theChmtian Revelation. 2, On the Historieal WrilMs i«ff
the Ni^w Ttertament. 8, On the Epistolary Writers <^''tM
Netir'Testattient, |Mtrticularly St. Paol. 4, St. Paal's Pie^tlf,^b
practical Principle. 5, The Morality of St. Paul. 6, The
Disinterestedness of St. Paul. 7* St. Paul's Prudence in KiS
Conduct toinnurd the Jews. 8| St. Paul's Judgmeut in his Iq-^
tercQorse witl^ the Pagans. 9, On the general Principle (^St*
Paul's Writings* 10, On the Style and Genius of St. PauU
U,.S(b. Paul's Tenderness of Heart. 12, St. Paul's Heaven^F^.
MtndodMsa. ia> A goienl Viewof the Qualities of St. Paul-n
hia 'Kn«#kdg6 of Human Nature— his Delicacy in giving
Axlwe'«r'Repioof«»his Integrity. 14) St. Paul on the Love
of Money.' ld» On the Genius of Christianity, as seen in St<»
fMtl; 16/St. Paul's Respect for Constituted Authorities. 1 7;
St. Patfl's Attention td Inferior Concerns. 18, St. Paul on the
Rwirrection. 19, St. Paul on Prayer, Thanksgiving, and Re-
ligious Joy, 20, St. Paul an Example to FamiliiHr Life. 21^
On the superior Advanta^ of the present Period, for th^ At*.
tainment of Knowledge, Religion^ and Happiiie3i|. 22, fiia^c^
dusioikmCuJ^oiy Inquiry into souie o£ the Causea.wbic)i im-
pede geaerallmprovement. . . -! ' nii7
. WJiiMtlM OlbJQBtrniaftteff is thus copious, and treated iriiik
the judgment so onitemfy visible in thb '^ Essay," it is 8oiiie*«
whiiA dUtoiilt to make selections^ Thinking, however, thai;
fnom- works like the present, our extnurts should consist of pas^^*
si^ peculiarly didactic, we shall present the reader with a
portion of a chapter, highly edifying and useful, — we mean
that ." On the general Principle of St. Paul's Writings." , , .
After a few pertinent introductpry .observations, Mt»,^ More
aays-^. ... ...... -.rf»

/' St. ^aul labours, sedulously to convince bis co^vert^tOf ,tl^
apostacjr/of .th^.hi^mau racjc^ .He knew ^Wa.Jp l^,J(b9 PA^
jnethod of rendering; the scriptures either, \ksefi4 or JiQi^ljgi^Ie^^}
no" oth^f ' bMbK' having .explicUly proclainied or purc^ms^ntUUj^f
unfolded tlii? jpriine truth. ^Hp jf^irnishes hjs fpQo wef 9. w^^bi )^i%
k^, thiVtliey miphVbotH unlock: the other vi^iseWdea ms^cf^
of the Bthle> and open the Secret Vpcessej. of theii^o^n hearl^.^ j He
kiittW<4!hat, without this stricjfc iiiquisi^oii intc^Whatlwafjfi^^
wHfaia^ li^oiit this eKpcrioiental knowledge of tfaeii;o]arn,laps^i
atate» tb^ beat books ma^ be read viiitb,Ai)ktle prAA^o*^1¥f^f
prayer be offered up with little effect. ^ , ^"_

. j':'^He direets them to follow up this setf-inspecCron, because

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iM«. JHbr^'«2Moym ffte 14^, <f£. qf 51. Paul. ^I

«MiMtiit ihey covdd aot def ermine on the qudlty, eren of tlMir
HMT^MDioiiiiJ /F fia&Mttine yourddbvtt 9 pm^e }>our MrnieivM/' to
^Is^^eqi&Di esbOTtajtfoa. Urknew, thai if wedi(i not^hapedt
Ibeieiiftntftfe rfuDbnihe lAght hito our own lieaxfts, ti wMkkshew
MtOHiny.aa nosu^pocled cprruption ; that it would not oolf dist^
^o4f»(9xistnigl eprUsi butt awfkkcn \pe renn^mbsanc&of fcMrnieroB^ii
^^'whicb perhaps Ibe con^c^uentes stiU remain, though time 9^
m|^lu;ence.havt^^ffiivedithe act itself firom the memory. What^
cyv be the stniclurerthey iatenU to erect, the apostles always di^
^'p for a found ition befol^e thef begin to build. ''On Jem
<XrUt, and him crucified/* as on a broad basis, St. Paul buildr aA
doctrine, and grounds all practice ; and firm indeed should that
Ibliiidation e, wllicH has to sustain such a we^hl. He poitflsrtb
Hi^ as the sole nuthor of justifying faith. From thirdoetriM lie
ifnwtm att sanctity^ ail dutf, and all conadlation. 'Afle» having
proxtii iM to be produotive of that.nosC soUd^of att W3JffpnH9rp9nk
n4^ fiod§ this, peffe^e he piwmiBes^ not onl^r through the bemgrtilff
of Xxodb but through the Grace of Christi shewf9g« 4yy^«ii ind«a&
-(^09 of 4iour$iculirp,-. the process^-of this iove of God in.ils npraf
^^t4«7T-how afflietioaa prpqiate '^p^tifnc^'* how patienceforr
tifijes the mind by " experience," and how experience gener ites
^^pe;'* — reverting always in the end io'the poiht frorii tvhich
h^ sets out ; to that love of God, which is kindled in the heart by
the o(>er)tion of the Holy Spirit. • .'

- (^H^ makes all true holinem to ^kigeon this ftindatnenftflU doe^
trine of redemption by the Son «f God, never separating his
ttfltes Aom hit person, nor hi« t^xaflvple: fr^n Mi prO]UllitiQta j
n9er>tetjiehingthat man*s nature is to he retasaiedi without'poiDti>
logout the instrument, and the nanaer by which the reformsiyon
ia^.l)e effected. For one great excellence of St. Paul's wvittngs
a>nsi8ts, not only in his demonstrating to us the riches and the
glories of Christ, but in shewing how they may be conveyed to
us ; how we may become possessed of an interest, of a tight in
them*

"^ iThough there is no sti^ied separation of the doctrinal from
the practical parts of his Epistles, they who would enter mo^
de^pl^ into a clear apprehension of the former, would best do if
Vf'tL'^ttct obedfeuce to the preeepts df the latter. He every
wQlff^ s^^ews, that the waj^ to receive the truth is i^'obcy it'5 anrf
\h^, way to ob^ is to love it. Nqthitog so' efltectt^ally bars i^p the

jL/mne i^acner nimseit, •• ne snaii */toitf or.tne nocinne,"* ,
>- »*It is'in this practical application of Wvine Truth, that the W
ptohe excenerice of St. fiiul's pr^k^^ Whenever he

Ms been hitgeiy extiatiating oh ih^ gtoii'Ious privileges of )iiiiey£r3j
W»ilfey^omte'Ho-g^artl- his;aoatrt\ie froiji the use t^^^cA^

^ ::'/ ?- ..:.n . ., ., V'l ..1 • •• . ^'J ■'^^

• "Johnvii. 17."

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9» .MH.Mor^*MM!ianikaIjiftt^.pfa(.Pta.

pwBmwyJBBffMtww* logic fftof^fson ini^ht cobvcfI it^ tfmiJMi^fiM^W
^6 oniBlanfted^ stripped from tke eomieetkMi with Us 'pi^iifftt
mi^uust^ '^-

. '^ Thus, hiB doctriUM «re nov«r barely titeoratfeia. He li^ttgl^
them in^ m ^^€ have elsewheo obwn^, with 19ie whole etrcle w
chitiaft* or twith such as more immediately grow out -of his sll^!|iA%
wliether they relate to Qod, to others, oi> ounselves. 'Thot^K U
wettM not be easy to prodilce, iKihisWHtings, a eirigte doclritol?
which is Dot » protected, nevertheless, perhapsf, there is scaretfljr
one#i in the adoption of whieh, bold intrudeiti have not leafiM
d¥er tha fhnee he raised ; or by their negligenee kid It ht^ tot
iht imhaHowed entmnee of othere, converting his^nbloiure irito a
iMiattt* M^e duty of living righteously, soberly, and godly, was
«rer pia^aminently taught l^ any instructor, that instructor is 6C;.
Fatil 't if «#er tin instraetions of any teacher have been strained
•r perverted^ibiy are his. Bnt if he never presses any virtue, as
sndq^ddent oi faith, which is too much the case with some, he
mvetrfaiis'lo pvess it as a conseqttenoe of faith, whidl- is notne«
limes- ni^^cted by others. The one class preach faith« as if it
were an insulated doctrine $ the other, virtue, as if it were a self^^
^riginaHing principle.

< ' H ia dao worthy of observation, that in that complete codiS of
Svaai^ioal Law, the twelth chapter of the Romans, after uAfek^^
ihg with the most lucid clearness, the great truths of our MA^iMi
ha eaffp^Mly inculcates the tamper H demands, before he pr<^eeds
to.enfom^ the duties it imposes ; that we must be ** half' belbf^
w^ ca« bo ^'acceptable;" that we must be transfoitned in the
If newisig ^ our mind, is at once made a consequence of iSki
grace of Crod, and a preliminary to our duties towards our ftfloW*
crsaitttres. We must offer up '' otti^oet a living sacrifice to <3od,**
before we a^e directed to act conscientiously to man. The othei^
dsspoaitioa, which he names as an indispensable prelude, i« hnmP
lity ; for ito the very opening of his subject, he prefaces it witli
an injunction, noi 0 think of ourselves more highly than we Ought i^
Mnk. To omit to cultivate the spirit in which doctrines are to
lie embraced and the temper in which duties are to be pet^
termed, is to mutilate Christianity, and to rob it-of ttarappH^
pviate eharaeter and its highest grace* After havii% SheWd
the mel|n^ lor the acquisition of vlrtuef, he teaches us 'd^^^ntty to
scdioit that Divine aid, wi^out Vhicfh all meab^' are inefRkstiHilf
and all viitttes spurious. , « > .. w» • /»:iQ

'' In this invaluable Mmmaiy</ot"nither Mb spirhr <>f Ghrlaiiiih
laws, there is scarceij any class of persons, to which soi^e ^Jgfo^
^t&ie 'exlu>rtation is not directed. After particulajrly^/''-* — -"

lioQ the adulteratian of the principle on the otbor, entirely 'eM»ed,

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Mm iMEM> S^gi4l^ liif^-$l« <f St. Paid, MS

^jfMJf 40;^tbe more i^neral inBtr^ctiqiM iix.wjUok all am -^u^lf m*f
t^efrSted. Here> again^ he does not fail to introduce hia doQttv
igo^Ul^jiviU^ some powerful principle. Affe^tioa aftd uncerity are
'l^ Jnw^rd feelings which must regulate action i-^'' let kv^ihtr
in^f^Ai dissvmlation"

^, '* The k>ve he incukates is of the most large and liberal kind f
^oii^j^sjon to the indigent, tender sympathy with the feeliitgikof
oAeiVj. whether of joy or sorrow^ as their respective' cireumstAnce*
^Hiaixf ) the ditties of friencbhip ftnd hospitality^ ure not fbrgo#^
Uak'y ooodesoen^ioQ to in&rionsi a diaposltion to he«t peao««wit]|«
idl nayett is enfo^rotdi-^i^m hia deep knowledge of ti»himnmm
faeart, implying, however, by a significant parenthesta — if.iihti
pomihle — the difficulty, if not iai possibility, which its oormptions
^f^Uld briAg to the establishatent of univeiaal dialed. *

'^ He applies him&slf to all the tender sensibilities of the hei^rt.
and concatenates the several fruits of chaiitjjr sq clesely^ (rboik
being awai« how r^ady peopW are to deceive themsehjKe on /thia
article, and to make one branch of this comprehensive grace stand
pfoxy for another : he knew that many are disposed to nake
almagiving a ground for neglecting the less- pleasant parts of
eharity^ that some give in order that thay may wl, and ttiink
that while they open their purses, they need put. no xl^simiot. oa
their tungues.

" He closes his catalogue of duties ^rith thpse which we owe
to. pur enemies : and in a paradox peculiar to the gen!u9 of
Christianity, shews that the revengeful are the conquered* and
tteae who have the megpanimity to forgive, the conquerors.
He. exhorts ^ this new ai^d heroic species of victory 6v%t evil,
not merely by exhibiting patience under it, but by overcoming
ita assaults wUh good. Could this conquest over nature^ which
^oors far above mere forgiveness, be obtained by any other power,
but by the supernatural strength previously comnuiuiioated ?

'/ Thus he every where demonstrates, that the maxims of the
fluorality he incylcates, arc derived from a full fountain, and fed
by perennial supplies. , When he speaks of human virtue, he
af^rer discennecta it from Divine influence. When he recom*'
mends the *' perliseting holiness,'* it must be done '* in the fear
fS tlie.iXfeed." H^elMbWS that there ia no other way of conquer-
i«lg the love of the world, the allurements of plenmure, and the
predominance of selfishness, but by seeking a cijinfonQity to the
WW^ /^^ Qo^M afi w^l aS'l}y-«aimipg at ^ebedieuce i^ hks law/'

"We have befn induced to Insert tjie foregoing very Jopg
fxtract^ riot'brity frorrt its intrinsic excellence, tut also from
the impossibility we felt of otherwise commmunlcating to the
wmAit may thing like a jitst idea of the e^^eeution of the work.
This ^^dmen, we rtiirik, Is sufficient to call his attention to
the whole f and we can safely promise, that, should he pay

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it;,.bis^ ^ligeaoe wiB ba amply rwvttwfed. Hvetf WAjf^*, %^
deed, teems with instraetia^y ereiy dmptef Whh '«SmeWld(i!ii
And the generaUtyle of the compo$;iti(Din is so lu^M dttd A^^i^
that it caonot fail to be icgarded as additi^, if tkiythiM'^
add, a considerable charm to tixe real attractiveness oFrtte'sc^^ct!
The,i^e of Mrs. More, so richly merited by her formef effms,
will assuredly expeiieace enhancement in proportion' to fh^
pubilicUy of this production!. W« bc^ to teftdeir to her out
congratulations on the suecess which has hitherto acGoaipanied
b«r meritorious labours, «nd to expr^sg a hope, that^ewHf
continue to diffuse the light of the Gospel upon the plan wlucfa
she^ practices with so much eificacy. 6.

Abt. IX.— The Georgics qf VvrgU, Trandaied, toiih NoU^ hf
WtLLihU SoTUEBY^ Eiq. Second Edition. 8to. Murray/ -

N«xr to the art of blotting, we would place the art of correotr
ing. It is usually assumed in questions of poetical ooinpGtfUion»'
that the vigour of a first conception may more safely be trusted
than the after-thought of a cold and calculating judgment. A
too volatile enthusiasm may indeed be sobered dawii into q«iet
sense; but there is danger^ lest the spirit of poe^y. should escape
in the process of dilution* . , j

This may hold good with respect to. those flights of Aiiicj^
wliieh require a peculiar mood of mind; such as tbe stm^^e act
of the will would in vain recall ; where the essence jcX a poetical:
idea is extracted by a sort of happy intuition, no less certain
than sudden; and transcending the utmost attainable success
of severe and elaborate industry. We would earnestly guard >a
poet against that restless longing after an ideal perfectibility^
which is produced by a feeling of satljety^ noles^ $:09in)pn ta
writcJrs than to readers; and which, l^ke the f;u][iQsity of %
child ^vith its toy, leads to nothing but wanton dienolitioin vofki
experimental dissection : nor W.9UI4 w^ b}^ any moSMy^pni^ te.*
risk the general bold effect pf apass^e,.4;he flow and'fwedomv
of unpreuieditated verse, by that, fastidious uneasjii^fls nbodV
minute inaccuracies, wluch ^^^.tQrtui:esx)ne popr Uae^.thouaaniL
wars.*^ ;^ , '..,,. • . . .

- tlut this caution, salutary ^, ,we deep^. it, tl^hauld, nc^ hkj
suflered fo lull a writer into the bj^positevcxtr^^e pf, ^ jsejf-socuie}
aftd Indbleht complacency, L^t no. ii^ai> " Jfty, .<h^ flatterinyr
iiKctlon to his sou],^' that he himself |baa;is an isoli^kt^.^XMptianr
to* tbe lot of humanity; or that bis wor^.the.df^rJlogoCiuiiQCt^c

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a|)^lw^.illea of Jm a^tljri and bis noiraiiig thoughts, h^
e^q^pcdktbose «nrar» aadlfmltiea iviiioh attach typen to the tnosf^
ji|^ecl;prodactioDsof genius and wisdom* Dr. Johnson d^i^
8^^|tp4 aod assaulted wkb truth, tiiat there was nb jiapef in hfif
'"^ JbbiiQhkxV .which he could not nnke better. Whi^eve^
Yji^es- for Ihat ^utrinsio and consolidated fame, which owes
ll^^hiAg to.thc^izeal of personal friendship^ the warmth of partyr
l^trpnage^xirthe. cantof fashioBabie favour, m«st apply this
aentimiBnt to hb own productions/ and resolve to <^ make them
better.'* . That the ^* maeidcBqu4eincuriaJudU*^ are insepa-
rabie from the br%htest efFusions of genius, is proved by the
experience of all time ; but it can be only a superstitious fond-
nasi whioli oau'dost on thcae stains, and cridc^ bigotry alon«
would contend of the most celebrated work, that it was moi^
YtiviMe from its inequalities, and more lovely from the contrast
of it» defects. Who will affirm that the Virgil of Dryden, to
take an obvious instance, would have been impaired by a iudi^
dliuflrcftstigatbn? or who does not regret, that '^ the calr* in
the >6eorgies sbcndd still go ^^ to school," without liope ^f a
boty-day ? or that Neptune, in the i£neid, should be left to
shift fbr himself at the foot of Troy-rampart in a <^ smother" of
dual vof his own raising?

o ThS^ slovenliness of style, arising, as is pretended, from the
compelled hurry of needy authorship, but rather, as we think,
ffOflfa ee<%ain native coarseness of taste in that vigorous and
viasatilB' wiit^, is. particularly offensive in an imitation of so
jioticlied a poiet as Virgil: and, notwithstanding maay spirited
passajges, and not a few instances of felicitous oiction and har*
0Kmy, the frequent interruptions to the dignified and sustained
elegance of the Augustan bard constitute a considerable draw-
hadktb the general success of Dryden. This deficiency, so far
as res|teofs the i^neid, was supplied by Pitt, with some akUl :
and Wfirtcrn undertook to rescue the Georgics from a similar
reproach'. ' His translation, correct, and equable, and pleasing^
left sonseliHng still to be desired with regard to the fiJi^td
gstee'Vftd irtcidentd grandeur of the original. Accordiogly^
Mr. Sotheby^^ irhb had shewn in his '' Oberon" of Wiet^d^
ait easjf' maistery over fte varieties of rhyme and expression^
applied himself to the construction of a new .version' of ^e
Oior|^05,<' which Miduld eitclude the negligences. of Dryden^,
aod^ at thesam^ tih&e, rdtain a larger portion of the spirit, and
bfeut^'Cf tlitfl^thi poem, than had been readied by the. level
and>dftetfliin|^dsty4€^of Watton. In the simple- idioipatic
.pmrity-i^l^^lp^agey and in the patient accuracy of a scholar.

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«» d9ti^'4 a«ifK» ^««it

«f the^giiid mcsimig, ^m iodine 4a lihiiik tkai Wartott .Im
not been efxceed«d;bfU in polish nd-tatacneas, Mr, Sntlihy
bas a visiMe advanaage^ iml be Ims^ "taidea^* shema aapcrinr
«kill in tbe didfietic fpaits; Iq^ fixing the sense infearct woiri%
although this effect is scsnettinea gwned by radier too Imnlieiis
a use of ellipsis, and by a aligkt n^leet oi peiapicnitymarw
langement. The snceeasof ttae work tie prineipaUy aserib^ to
iCa compact and awdnlated iMtnificatiDn, whidtaeiaed a* onbe
en the pobHc car, whik critieiam harsalf vna oontented te Im
dazsled by the gay difiusion of general splendour.

Btrt to the oovf l^ of admiration there nwst, at some time,
be an end. When delight had grown calm by familiar inspeC'*
tion, there was leisure for cooler judgment. It was lemeiiH
bered, that Vixgil« if he were polish^, was also ebaste; that
the tinsel refinements and aentimental prettinesses of modem
poetry were ill-suited to the pure and unaffected nobleness of
the Alantuaa style; thataimplicity of expression and paaptfety
of construction had smnctimes been compromised for tMcfafaiie
of sound, and sometimes sacrificed to the indrienei.of base}
asid that, however striking its efiect as a whole^ the venioft in
particular parts, wa& suscqitiUe of amendment

We were, therefore, well pleased to see the annmrneenaaat
of a second edition, with notes; an enlargement of the ftrst de-
sign, which implied the care of revision and the desire of im*
provement* But .expectations of this kind are very seldom
realized. An author does not always see with the eyes of his
critics. If he hare acquired a certain portion of Came, he i$
apt to rest satisfied with that portion, which is, perhaps, se*
cretly exaggerated, so as to place him^ in his own estimation,
nbore the reach of censor-like importunity : and if, from a wish
to obtain the character of an openness t^ canvielion, vdiicb is
always assumed, at least, if it do not exist, he condescend to
intersperse a few touohes of passing correction, the more gross
and obstinate fiiults are probably skimmed over with a lenient
and forgiving hand:^ .sti&itmiJAageiio tange arrogantem: and it
is more thafei aU. likely tiitit these very-^£auUs are not metely to*
lenUed, but wavmly ekerisbed, with nor aibction Iike4hat which
Horace describes as^andnlgeditdWBids- theideformities of a pet-
child, or. a fondled mistrees.

We do not. pretend to affirm that ail. this applies exactly
to Mr. Sotheby; but, certainly, the aaU peculiarity in -the
constitution of authors, and we briieveof actiala^al&o, had fidriy
alipped from our memory at the moiti^tftr of ou^ opening the
xevised tianslation of the Georgics; and we hadi nndoubtedl^

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JB]jifc>fcu/<!>t Ttrfakh^ we mast confess^ hfin sot beea 4t^tliivr
'ttMiiiil, -Tbtt, indeed, may be our own fault; \mt, to sbev
:dR»aiiiture'of^tlwicnfPecsiai^^ and" «l elw'^xttie^pieQt dia^
cpMDtmenty we riudl just tlnow .tog«t)^iiii^ 9k d89ultory» mmoflPy
mfcw stfictares on certain passages, as they chanced to arfeat
attentbn in iWtfipfmiiMg Asoagk tfac^iAanc^
Our quami is si^evn wMi ths eonMted passi^esy but gene*
^tk those which .have been le(fc luic^iref^tod;. y^t, in ih^
? the idteraliQfn isr not aLways^^ f ^ftH^ The, passage

^x^s ' . . ,j/ .p *;. .. ;. ;

0 : 1 TUm pater omnipoteng fecundis inkbiibus sHhor> ftfi« (
&h1 been rendered — ' .. ' ' . » .. . •'

^ JSther/ great lord of Ufe, his wings evdeodsi,

. ' And on the bosom of his bri<ie descends. ^^

' The gifving win^s to Jove, in l|is aerial eharaciec, is perliaps
not' inconsistent with the symbolical fepres'entationsof^eel9Ar
Ttcal inythology j at lea^ we are confident that tl^e fanciful
eleigance and spirit of the personification offer something infi-
nitely more gratifying to a patient taste, than the low and halt-
ing oooplety -wilk it| vowel yawn at the CQiQBien«em^%. which
bas taken place of the former one : '

Then the etherial Father, lord of life^
Sinks on the bosom of 'h1lt>]iftsfM Wift.

Tha lines of the old edition, ' ^ '^•

Birds on the branches hyitteneals slng^ '•'' -
The pastured meads with ^ri^^al ecbfi|es..riBg>

'We^eqttaUyiniproived into dull prose:"' • - i

^ Then rings wit^i tuneful birds the pathl^fS^cr^e; ^

' 7%« c»*t/c then renew their yearly love'. *

'■^The trke fhymes of grave vai hti are hei» made to recnr
cutithin ibtir times of each other. We mustrtake M^i ^leffii^n
to express <mx wonder that such repetitions shgtjuld flourish with
• sort of <« sterile aburtdance^'^ thrbtfghout the vcJumt.*

\ — : .^ — p_ r"-**^*": — r^ '>^. "' .'T

* "A single g^aoce at the proof-sheet mi$ht» oAe.wi>«I(^have thov^t, detect
^ ftbchtauttitegytattWiBltowiii^! *> ^' ' > r

* ;. f4 ' 4 ifciinpsks, >orijiw»itfrta4<taec#dehtt||ia<iU^ : '^ ?'^^

.*. At oiici^nn either side the ttfafw expand: . . .

"-; , \ <y^Aiii the Curving wttw?o^iii»biitaih%tood, Ac: * •-*! f ' '

Crit. Rev. Vol. II. Sepieynbety 1815. 2 P

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And lioaaeiad homer ^KM^ens in ilMg^ ^^^'^

The o^eadess mutmitr or the woodland Tfde.

Yet the woadUmd vate is too genend for fusn^tihn: w^^do not
see the woods rockmr their braiicYies to^theiSbcra^otis flf^ifiS
rising wind« Time is dbo ajnanthy'^pAmbynes^ftb^iil i1» whidi
Inrings d the magaztties and poets* comers involuntarily before
«i^ 4ibiSMkdbffi»U^ foifd of wonlii nf trite pM^cMtiiigi^
that are soft and tickling to the ear; without considering wtakr
ther tius .coin|^qQ.)ip^ inajr not have enfeebled their effect^
or whether expressibiis, more homely per^aps^ or as he may
^fSS^Jf'fP^. fPf ^9^ conyey an imfige more dis|jii<^]^(uid
W^W^J^ ^ WJ^^IT^ ^9V?h?^, ??,9f ^ Mnl^(dwbele>i^g
has neen temn^ thVpu1)!ic for many years that he'is ihetij^fHf
lator of Theocritus, and whose Muse seems absolutely fed upon
sugar-plums. i- ^

P. MS. IDa quidem Sty^ift nabat jam IKgida cymbA.

fit the first edition,

It^te fWtf^fMr jipirit to iu la^t abode*;^

F4»rt^i9sul^tiitiited, I . ..,.0

'-' ^^^ -^^vmMoerifigi^f^ baric btrwfMtn>(m ' r:

C^mbd is hm retained; W the connexion is naibQt,£yfp^i
and the expressions are not onlv vulgar, but the sense'ls' roia-
taken: jam frigida describes the ^anhth of resuadtatioa al-
ready chilled by the relapse into a state of death. . ^ ^^^ ^^ di i'

had been rcnder«ar ^-' ;^v•^^4.A. -1 •>..,-,;. Im :..w.

Her^ «^1 A^ st»eefis 4e#<tMivonEiiy es^aik/' ^^ ^'^^" > ^ ^A
Thyme Wath^ her' MM4>t 'ft^igtanee^lJD^^Jhe' |^e>
In dtt{ceiP^<^»«ttiM1te't(f6t#jg^ii^ii^ ^

. ,, . . ,.. , And bfrfi of y^jdets drjpk,^t wlji^fli^ ^5^.^^., . ^,^^

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Thick knote of savoury powerful odours fling, *^'^ ' * "•^'^"

One of the best pass^M 4r4tt^^^tl»*ftftiGMii[te. IP^SlRp
Wnere g|^^ , •. .,,.;.,. ^ . .,

^ *' ' Sfprtalia corda \- •

* Per gientes humllis sti«vit pcvw,

<&>"< r |tHU^wtfftiflieWtii1d,MiFbo^^«Mtai^ 9Ml.^ -

mfethepMnge is dis%iittd , bf the ocxBcdted.iotithcili mi
l^i^'4]pon #ords ia . , . ^.

"• ' ilie'lThuiiderer t&ronec^ on cWdfl^r^^'^^lthess cnjmCi. ^

^^jjlftf28f mmbonrni mncN^f^ Kaf^^ be?!a^/liii'^M indbCSMt^
ilmraod there is a com^araidre' fitt$ne^ln the thi^obe-^ .

P« 6L Nee fait incKgnnm snperis biseangmiie aoilio- . . ....

Emathiam et latos Hsini jHQ^^tieflcere eajiipps.

This is intelligible: let us see the translation— ,, .

Nor did tbeCTods ivpent that twice cmr best
BroMtlkeam fedi and baA'tf ^^Baiattiiaii eoast

Here, instead of the soil of Emathia, and champaign lan<b
OH the bodkn of HsBflwMd^iitleMd ^JtQ«itidk.Uooa^ we
)iMe an nxmj feeding a river, and bathtng a coast .
;Tbe fine passage, . ^ /

Scilieeii^ tempiis vfni^,^ .

is thus translated —

nen, 41^ kHMlkoftlme^tit^ fcaosfil v^nki

Who ploughs Sue turf, that moelU o'er armies slmn;

Shall ea$t, half gnaw*d with rust, huge ^p^tf iti car/ "^ • *

And hollowbftlm ti^^Qbl^bcb^l!^^ ^ 9hai»:

And amidst their yatt»iiij[:gra«^||nq|^*d| h^

X.af)sre>0iit% ctf warrior^^iif g^<iiiili^

The '^ timl itrffl iilxit,^ wblch'^is'^iiAaeritfj^tottf!; and even
•ofemn^is <flffafnf^bte,;^4e<<ed for ^fieriengtk^ttimfipy^}|^h
it baM add ppsfUje^ ti\j^|jre|j}^t«ure iotroduction of the '* armies
slun,^* 6ikes jfroin the si^nse at tKe turning up of J|be boioies.

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idb ^hek^ mf^ ttf^M"'

Th« third line is ftultfwaitf j te<M kha mVHivM! iksliiipoAttoh isi
tlie Words: it is hot the swain' who fum^ ru^, but the pike:
and why '^cast them in w?!' This is sut^Iy a piec^ of un^
necessary violence. ''Yawning graves" have too much of the
f^mr^yard. JS^^Mji^ desc^foes t^ jMnies dfig oyt fromHhe
earth, that had oeen con/usedfy heaped lipoh the Slain, la the
hurried sepulture that suaeecdA a battle; and if bones be gi--
gantic, we need notLbe reaiii«fed.tiMi|.tl|6f ar^vto^e.

P. 73- " Hsemus' golden bed^'is i>at % skultog traipelM^
of ''auro turbidus/' which describes the troubling of the tnms^
parent water by the patfictea at^ foU « A^.apre ati|red <vp from
the bottom.

1. 101. At myrtus validis hastilibus^\&c* - -T

. Wreaths f<xr thy. ^iaes .the pliant willpw wectoes ;
iBims for thy flockd diffute their nurt'ring leaves}
Thy jPpear a myrtle, iart a Cornell grewy

, For Styraean archers bend the yew. * - '

ft ^ . ■ ^ • • . . *

This shujffling of toises is an instance of the wicktd tycBflftf
of rhyme; and to say nothing of the inartificial accommodation
of the seootid ^oinvtted, ''thy dart grew a corneill' dtts^ot
seem to re66taimend itselC by facility of style.

P. 103. Ipsa procul discordibus armis ' .

BiMMiiib toaoEO facij^ y latum jus^Mssima l^itt.

For thee jtist elrrth^ow her pro!f^ 5«/*, '
• > "^txjrom wild war spontaneous plepty sheds.

' '^SBodsyV Josiiisii!^ us of the cutane of a kitchen garden^
are at variance n4th ''spontaneous piieniy,'* which is abo-w;^
Inadequate to the " facilem victum of the origina^. ". .. *

Mollesque sub arbore somni.

Sleep in soothing «AiuI«. *

Mr. Sotheby never seems to be aware of the beauty pf indi-
viduality: the sinffle tree is picturesque. ' *'''

i . • Hj . ; .' Ej^lfem^ per illos ,, .

Justitia ^^cedens* terrii vQS^igia fecit. , ,

» . There Justioe left her last hne trace hebxnd.

This is ur affected expression : Dryden is far superior-—

• , ' . , . And here

The prints of "ier departing' iteps apptar. * *

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SMeh^id^ Q^ffm af^i^r - #i

&c^''^ eftpcMpates {^together m (he e&claoiatiajas f.^ O lovr'dSpctf*

' And boundless* $Aa& Vhtf ftftitude (fd^3/ '
,f|T IngcnU ramoram protejaf Vjoabrt^^ .' \ .. f, fi '# .v

there is the iamef fafttit of gen^rftlily already tttiiiaadvvrted'iipon:
we miss thelmge' ^^ 9/^eiSMt(>p^iA^^ 'hfta^Yi^ titar screen tki
ktadofthepoet" Inthepassage^-^ ' • '^ - ^ . ?

— •-■♦• . ' ' Neq'ue Ilk- 'J

Axxt doluit miseranB inopem, aat inyidit habenti, . .r ••

Mr. Sotheby coodesc^Dd^ ta introduce us iuto the poetlcaj
society ot DeUa Cn^d-

Envy^s wan gaze, and Pity's bleeding tear.

Perhaps Me. Merry or Mrs. Robinson could have inforxned
iis how a gaze can be pale, or how a tear may bleedU .

/'Vl ISS. Frimiis et ire viam et flaTioi t^nlkuie mUi$am
Aodet^ et ignoto sese commtttere ponti.

First leads the way : the threatening torrent braves^
And dares the unkilowh arcA that ipans the' Staves.

Here we have the Idea of a bridge modelled on an architec-
tiBral plan, Ifke^the Rtalto! ^'^ntiktttWm" Is theffefore absolutely
Y«ri^out meaning. < Th^ horse needed not to have tried the
bridge b.efere in order to acquire a sense of safety: there is^
consequently^ no courage in passing it. He might r^ well
^etart atB turnpike road. The allusion is ob\nously to a rustic
^bridge ; such as a plank thrown across the stream^ and hanng
the appearance' of insecurity.

<« Nee vanos horret strepitus" Is with singular unhappiness
disjoined from its natural context, ^^ sese committece ponti/'
imd phiced after the descriptic^i^ of the horse'^ breast^ ^f luxur
f jatque tpris, &c." ^_. ...

Muscle on muscle knots his brawny breast,

Nofeart alarm him, nor vain shouts molest. *"

Molest is used in tame subserviency to the rhyme; and ^^ va-;
nos strepitus*^ are empty or lioltow sounds of (whatever kind.

p. 129.'7B9uitare solo et gress^s glomerare supexfoos.
I Press their proud steps^ and paw th' i»ft*Ued gr4«t«d« "

ItisuUed is a merf . affectation : " insultare*^ l^'tranipte. ' '

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Mr.Sotheby; and it recurs witHitt feufBne^— 1 <* * 'J^^

No— Aot the vii^D dooqij^ tfiMS9^ \m4mth>' ' fii teol
And pour on hispaU corse her farewell breath.

This line saeJBs to hiive beea bftomer^ cy^ 4^ fWril tnoittf
nitnerrcf. ' . . ' .

P. 147. W\^i^Mgki\i^,fs^^ -L

Gem^ the hoar grass, that freshens all the wajr,

* ^ • *rtsh thtfair prime, and si^eet ktmemsl datni" '

To sip at dew drops that impearl the lawn. •-- v ^ ^ ' ' - -> '

'^ Sheep sipping' flew'cfrops** Is, ^e su j)p65e, l^^nowed from
Apojavose PhilUp^ Qf jp9stor«t meqioiy ; ih« griginal i* vmT^f *!

Bt ros in tenetl pecori irratlssiinus fiterfc^ft. ^ : • ^' ^ ?•
p. ^59. Ar4viy«^iiA#oie9iet,Ui|(ui9mi0iitot^triiiiU^^ )fi.*

Or turning to the sun, erect in ire, """ ^ '' -^^^^^

Vibratf^s his trifxk,t|Qng|i«> iM^H-asM 9>Uhfae,

. V^ficat" is^««lr ffAmHi ^'ife/? (l|^0^«wisrbei«#^
lom^^r Mraated for the sal^ of tip^rli^e, vify.h^reMii^MM
ti^ii^jr with dir^ to tbe QwagMjftrpilces 4tf sch)[>ol bO]Pl4r^ hij:

P. 181. PuTpnreosque metunt floreS et flumihi libant ' ' ^^^

■ SiirtimaleVes. " ' i Jj>i^.^

. . The bees, firoai flower to floweTt o'4ar Uw» wrf wopfe . jolq
. ^.,Swftep, ^ndl^g^t skijij the sttpmi^ of t/^ft/^fljl,, . . .,,, ,,.,. ;

q%e' bMdtifM «dlthet ' of jMfwr^M^ j^^onftlidd i sMiilAft'^
Mir^ we mm<M^ MipWfef ^ attd' 'oPlfidM '^t'ta^vttikMi^
ittte w«U7) let^thf^ eodv^ieddfe be vefttit il itka^;'''^TIl6 ddmtet
estpressions '"• • ' «' •'-' "-• ■■ *'-'•• - ' "^ "'• >''^j' ' ^^ *<"-

,, ^ , Nescioqu^dujcedin^tetaft ...^ ,;,,,:,.,;;„. ,.rf

9»t vettr itoprftfcdU^ rAre3en(«<f by ' ''^'^ ■" ' -^ '

Cliaif to ^beir nests mgifi r«sar tbf^ir cne^shed brood.

- The^ iMi% o0 riiydies te €MM t«0'lAiioc6edii« te

q«iVb uMcooimtftUe. • '""" I \ * -» . . -n ^ 77

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So^'rC^e^^V"^^ ^

> f

This wortf^te IWWg'^tTii^ ikf^Hh t Vifgff ^9 mSy^' from
tbe.bigh .Jl|ouQ^IQs;*' bu^ the rhyine wouU b^vf i^ sjs^ rOQlie
personality of ip^k OTcrioqlcifrdf ' * .^ ..

P. 193. The peeuiiar tint of *^ ferruginjeas hjatiathoe'* it
lost in the ^MStab^ "^fj* Irue/^ Y:

P. 985. Ramoque sedens miserabile carmen

^^ '^ ImtfgM,,^ toiteitis late itfi6rt^<j(tiam>^tf teptei; ' • '

She on the bough all night her plaint pursues,

Fills t\m^gtm9oABrmMirw^, wmA torik mitmUiTtnemi, '

The jarring con^nants In c^cA «ad are not.ve^y musical: far
better Dryden :

YHO-^ ' /'' • ^^ melancholy m^waic filU the yl^ins ;

wluiibtia<aiy4md melodidita; The pfelntea^ilwiew of '^sMena*^
has escaped Mr. Sotheby« . , .,„/,.,.

We must how go back for a momtat to the first book, where
the transifltscm of ** srbate» omie^ et iny^ttcf^ Tamius laechi''
perfectly startled us : . .

-^- The arbute handle naiiVAtf van o/GmT.

•^rjVfitt atrotgly do we press xipon Mr^ Sotheby's good aensc
add-'piMis feeling the necessity of expunging this ftcm any Ai*
tore editiofl. Of the illttslralive' quotation in the notes from^
Luke, ^'^ whose fan is In his, bandt &c." we cau odI^. Mjf
that it is nothing to the purpose. In the foncth Gcorgic we
have agaiu, << For God ffoes forth/' Surely we may adapt
plosgl^bandtes and bee-hives to smooth metre, without laying
a heedless hilmd on the' arte of our religion, or confounding
y^^ iJ^iif .mjythql^gfe^IJtocchusp^ na^nie which Newton «evec pio*
%cmn^^ ilivqlantiHry bowingof the^hsud. • s

'i'W^^PT*^^^^'^**^ worthy pf thfedidcM^iiyttpoireni
of Mr. Sotheby; but he has, to our disappointment ;Mrta^filyi.
contented himself with borrowing. The only novelty among
lib illustrations arise^ TMnff the conMbutfdns of some ^^ Obser-
Tations on the Georgics'' l]|^r|fe,..7^,<fni^fii[]^^.<wh^vaM
scientific and original. The striking deficiency is in the want
of parallel pttMage^WMiaknMMtf^ttthom; which inf^l^lucidate
Virgil,^8f ^WWTRiyil aetUfijr io^icd. Tho'defifelWcy is the
VSfydtMl^aAibW'J^ ^fru4#P^ vMi;6k^^if9nd

carry ffom Wliarton a long passage of Tl|i)^9^2RK.Jtoii»^a}^
which seems to have been quoted for its unUk^ness : ^' the sad

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iSbmbls o£ die d^iMog sMxxh*' itil|iit1»ifft;aQ«jp|^MiQMto^
orJfi& RatdifF, but canjcarceiySisdfougHttalrihte ITiq^Jfiiftf
it possible Mr. Sotheby shoiiU;cii«tr/h|aMvidAi«ia(iC^fli4^
' ^ole;d0scription- io Arfivl Geofgicj iabJ(ilf»jmf§BaK^'Sl a
tempest) is almost traodotedftam the phaia0iei»of ikatJtt^«
■ In note, p. 279, on the Verse^ . . - inv ,uh^,

y * •• JPunic^jeve ^gitaot pavldos fcrinMine pinnfe^ / ''*' • -^ '•/
Nor plumes of purple dyi Iheir^orr^' awake,. ' ^* /«

Ovid, bad he be^ ref^j^ jto^. «vQHld .^e instniqlmj^.^
translator in tJbe tnie.mewii^ of >< foY^din^^", ?¥hicbiis. a me^
technical term for the feathered linf itself; ti^coM^fif tecnn^:

AiBl pavidos terte v«Diicr^midEbfe*eer¥99. *'^' * '^

Jttfmniui Amoris, v. 9M,

v.» .«•-...,.- v.. . . . . - r.

Tlie saniq implement 15 mentioned both by Opf4aaialid.Nfii)A-
wanus, _. .. ;, . . ,i *. .:^^

Old Hesiod, indeed, whose ^' ages" and whose ^^wiBjtef'.'j^re
exigeeded by iK»thiqgiji Vii^gil, is noticed, likofone liulfcin a
blind man, as an ^' author of Geoi^cs inGree)i^" .and :^ Juur
•f himimoe mora in a reference .note, p. 269,/^Sec^iJe^|Qd|S
Account of Modesty and Justice leaving the .World. .Mifjq^
and Days. Bookl." «i . . /.^^fil

His account o( them ! surely^ the exquisite .passage, .alluc^
to by this bold designation, merited full as well to be cited ea^u^
as the pedantic extract from .Phillips's forgotten didaistie qpiL
cyder-making^. i f l .•'*f -

Upod the whole, we doubt whether, 1^ publishing tl^a^ra*
^fised addition of his Gcorgics, Mr* Sotlieby has. added Xq^im
reput^tioa^ We incline rather to think that he«wauUL biuie
itood 9iore .firmly on the general unquestioned went of his
,9rigia4 work, . Errors that fall from the pen. in the beat/af^
J^rst imposition rare indulgently ovcgrlooked^ but a ir;work g|p*
fes^ag«ta.cpme ebrrected from. Aba bapda qffiu^^t^i '
jTfilly challeQfes critici^ip.. As the versioa aMil Wi^I(r~~^
multiply itSf editioni^ we ^ouki^es^ovt &%t '^t^^^ '
.^f scxwisly dowQ^ and root wtb^^Aspanng(J
.:(cKn^or-Jintt whidi may ofbu^f^ sl^^^V^yc;^^,..,
ibe jflist expectations of. a UberajL^^u^lic.. .J^|)0|Lu4
i^bpf^ioo, as i&xJQm^nqnly i!^e 'f^ z^/ i^ck^i^s '

.fly^etnn^ or proudly dii?reg«rdc4r .w^j, peVta»i4j, ^ , _. .

,ijp9i^Mr. 3pth^by m the G£Wfph,pli|!ii«eitf Q^^^
'»'* tr^t,'- Quin aiiievir«|ii^«^[tjDa}et<ti6iio9cdi|isa!in«nif; w ;ji«?*iny>
but we sh£in moi>e''HiW'eVer 'f^gt^ttlM^IN^^

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: F • ids I •• *

E$qt Ui|dfirwood.

XNSBFAiUkBL¥ cozu^c^d 83 IS the sulgect before iis, with tfawi

liiite of the G&batbst o£ la vxn)U Msn^ — ^with an event involidqg

the VAoral cbfuracter of the British Govermneat — wiik « m^MUM

that Millies our 6sig, and ooK»proiiu»es our hQnaur*-*«wlth conduot

i^9t will entail indelible infamy :Somemhere^-^iQ abstain fron

aaunadveiling upon circamstances inducABg; the. most nomen*

loas conclusions! ai^ that give v«4ue U^ as they ftiTnished ocea^i

aion foTj the i^ccountof apetty and hithecto unimporlftat islaadj

would be to very partially perfariu ws, iaif 9aEngfi$hmah,Bs Bri-»

tofis interested in m wtaipi(\f tfa|^ best j^ory of um country^ and

aa upboldeis of its ^^ Constitut^i^ .^oth in Ckurch and SUeUJ'

That Napoleon in relyiog on the aocrediited g^Mrosity, sup-*

posed hi^ and bonourabj^ foelingSj of oui Ministry^ created

for himself, by every law that ioQju^ncea great and> fnngnanU

moua miBdiSy a chm upon Eo^li^fa pvotectioD, and £ng|iah

uAanityj nel the jnost partial appioiw, not the most nnooa*

foipaable defender of the treatqiq^t he has ex{>ecieneed at our

ha^dsi win, we think, venture to deny, \Yere it. to be ui^edy

that we did not owe to the £aip^ror^s confidence in our honour

tab Qomiaittal of his perseo to ourloeeping; that^ cmei the can-

traJpTf his eyes had lo^g sincf beei;!, opened to the principles^ bj

whidi the JBritish (^ll^fbiii^t ^egnlates its motions in every tUng

regarding the sonad inteiests* and tbe seal friends of FVan^

and hec liberties^ though we could not contradict the laUir a^

sertion, the affirm^e of the formef position would reoMU

UQsha]^eA* He dtd rely upon our honour. Sudi too was his

situation at the mqnient, that however ckarly the .policy of the

King's seirvabtsi had been developfii to him gancraUy, it was

BO iBproach to his upiderstandi^g, that he should expect bis new

an4 singular eugencjr to cKcite^ a s|»arkj equaUy- o^w^ of ajinisr-

terial Uhieraiityy or snini^ij^li Juatice.

Tkait which at our f rst intelUgeocie of Ae ciieamstanees ii|
which Napoleon fpund hiasself at Rochfort^we imiyediately
sm^>ected, has since apjieared to ha^e iHre<;isely been the fact*
He was dehided, betcc^red, and^ea abnndooied. One traitoB
was careful to m^fcn.ano^er traitor the cotfipahion^c^ his jour-
ney frnm Paris; tq pcovide himself by tlaat tiaitor .with adetail
4 his Sovor^ign's movem,entB and the vneans of instructing bis
faemies then lurking for their pieyj jbowfe tfiQ Fx«&cbcoast«
Can. Rev.VouTL Septmber, 1815. 2 0

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«06 Ca§e of Nap$jkaiL

Had his Majesty, while at Rochfort, been acquainted with this
tMasoni and knovm it #a«'not too reproachaUe to find coadjutova

in a Cabinet, his intellectual repUtehad been forfeited, in bia

expectation, that even the diatUBsaing straight into whiek he had
been aedooed, would awaken in sueh a Cabinet a single emotioB a(
benevolence, or the faintest sense of what would be mosthonourr
able and becoming, in the Ministers of a great and magnani*-
inous people. His knowledge of their participation In so mean
and insidious a conspiracy, would have assured him of their
utter inca]pability'of feeling for a great, but defenceless monarch.
Though, with noble and expand^ minds, an enemy subdued is
all enemy no more; mean, narrow souls reV^l over the misfor«-
tilfles of a fallen foe, and make the superiority of the talent
Ikey have temporarily paralyzed, the measure of their ungene-
rous joy. Thiswasinota truth Napoleon had to learn. The
history of every Tyrannical Junto wouM inform him of its
reality. But in spite of the bbdfirate malignity with which,
first the French RsptrBLlc; then the French Consulship,
then the French Imperial Oovbrnment, and ahoays the
French FiIbsdom, have been opposed by the power and policy
of British mu)isteTs,'he still hoped, still with reason might hope^
that where there was cruelty to dictate, there might also exist a
sense of shame to forbid; and that what enmity suggested t6
the baseness of the hearty lihe prudence of the mind, in its re-
gard for character, might hesitate to perform. This charge of
delusion, we are aware, will be denied. What unrelenting vim-
knee has dared to execute,, dread of the coinmitted honour and
ofiended equity of the country wilt endeavour to veil or palliate.
It will be affirmed,' and insisted upon, that the Emperor was no
way inveigled or beguiled; that when lie applied to Captain
-Maitlandi for an uninterrupted departure for the United States
of America, the answer was no' plain and unequivocal, as to
necessitate h?s eeiiiohd request of an hospitable reception in
England ; that with this^ his alternate desire, the British com^
.mander had no authority to comply; that he did not accede to
it; and that Napoleon in coming u^nconditionally on board the
Bellerophon, submitted his person to the acknowledged autho-
rity, and uncontrouled pleasure,' of the Prince^Regent of Eng-
land. This is the thin gauzcthat Ministeni will fling oVer theif
deformed policy; the insultinj^ sophistry that will be opposed to
our knowledge of a series of combined measures, having for their
originating and ginding principle, that which has uniform^
been the principle of bad ilxecutiv^s engaged in a bad cati«e^—
irreclaimable enmity and low conning. When the flimsy dra^
peiy as stript from their tortuous wisdomf, and crooked moraUtyi

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^^dfcn tliijr Mit fib loftg^y.c»iid^l 'of dfeatfd^ t>ie plo«'te
^iH^ch they hnrt b^n associiited with the Capetian CiMfttv'
156 invfl^ 'and deceive, to delude and •en^nai'e, 'they ^11 reJol^
tirihe l«fl« hoM of 4e(^ted -tMf^-^be pleaof 'necesdity. ^•
the ^nail honoumble pohion of Partlametlt th^y willbo ioM^
that, if their design Was, not<o*ily to obst^not the pas^ige'cf
Napoleon to America, shoald 'he attempt such a transmigftt-
tion ; biit, in the evebt of bbtitifiing, tinder any tnrdnmstandM
whatever, the possession of his person, to refuse him the vtghl%
of British hospitaWty, the protection of British law; amd^
ttfbsr tobbing* him of both tnoney and friends, ioimprisoA htm
for life ; it H^iis their duty, as fntniiters of a country -ntlteiiig it9
honour, theirtliity, as responsible agcMits of the head- of a ftM
aiiH Hbeml Coffstithtton, th^ir dut^^ as hmest men (hi(d tliey
felt tliemseives to be «tie^ ttitfn) to ajijUriBe tlie'-Bwiperor of the
instftt «md injustice to which he would subject himself by enir
«otewfaf% entering 'a Britlfch ship;' itnd to abhor the act* of
taring him inrto* their unsuspected power,' as they 'ought' t4
di%ad the sacrifice of thehr cotrntry-s chiarac1ler-:^-as they ou^
to H'emWeat 'thdf 'COiintry*«merited resentment. This they
^11 be told, mid'their^ plea will beh-nec^ssity: For an exc^utfe
for'Hieh- conduct they will resoit-fO'diis tacit avowal, that their
^otiduet has been IllegaL In 'triolstting* . the riglrti' extended ^t6
Aliens (of whMevet concHtlon)1>y the Laws fttid C^nrtitutiDn
•frfflftglandy they have elHscteA a breaeh in the bmiwarks of ottr
iitmtleii; ^epehed a hewirrlet to 'domestfb slarery^ stHgtaMl
•^reryjmlijeetof these* t^altns, t€f the arbitrary will of t\m citfwn
«fftl its eervtfrtts^to fine, transpditftntioTi, and impriionntent,
^without a triall But grossr as is th^ YyfTence, violent as is tlite
btitn^, unprecede^tly glaring as i^ the trtnagresfiioti, thi^ will
tind an apology in the rery oohfo^on «f their . eriiainality.
:Wliatthe|^aW» afidthe Constitotion cendenui, necessity wittht
tliade lo esease? and every IBngli^bman will' see in the iinpcH-
Stbhed oppression' of an VLLVifmoin STRANOmt, -what, heri*-
'«fter he hih^seViwItr^have tk> expect; -that to be tried 6^*tGcM
^md ftw Cbfm<»2^^ will*TOc«fi tobe tried' ■ ' — — ; will mean . lb
'hitve hisrHmscfsattipon, and hiy fate decided l>y.\a •■<■'' -y . 'H*
%'ar 1^ ■^i..Ht -iMTi ■« ; and that the disposal of catesfesaf!eelu%
^he sepiiraie 'iwteresrtfe of the gcfvewimedt VilVceaae to be eii-
euttihefed -^q^th the superflooiri f^tmMimof** -ii.,., ...i t.iiu
^^'^Oftptaan MaKhi^d, hf officiat contputsion, itplidii.)to iMe
dffhmch Btop^ret'ii detnamb in thetcrma'with tvihicdi the pjudMib
iiavehe^ madeaoqu«i|ted; tai^ not limited by Aiisisame^tfev
tMoAj hi hfe treatment of bis Au^uiiteddstwheli oif boakdikh
iili(V*Nftp6leoa Qo^tlooiier set ItsiHtfobt ov thed^of Oft Bet-

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\0fGphni tha« 4W gtllint trfBcer giive <v«Qt tt At Mbli g«M« *
m^tgr of a true BaiTiss Tar» and paid tha boMur» 4«e to file
ajriM4i4qiuditmacid high d«aity of his I»i|Miikl VinKxr. If
uif thing could 9we ous chaiaito' with |><>8terii7, to whoae
JMgnient history vill Bubaait tibe whak of this Made bMsiooaij
tt will (and we delight to say it> be the Ubesal and laapectfU
oanduetcf Captain Maithmd and his ofiic^ Wwaids a great
bai defenceless Man-^i ooadtict that wiU ey^ reflect on the
xaagiMiimity of the Britisb Navyu«« gloty vyiogwiih therenawii
of its couvege* But iDothing can mdemntfy as. Varnish, as ^Pa
wUl; Mie d«rft deedct iaiprisoaiag aad transportiag flm who
eanfidtti' in «iir justice, d0ftk it will remaiti. With im^attial
pMlterky, wliat will araU thciMertien af MifiisMa, That he wai
d»tei< by circumslaMes ii^to to iofePLtriosble oemtr of hie do«
minteis^ ThatheboiiUiaeCbyaaiypQesibiKt)res«apa? Thatb^
was obliged to beeoias the oeplive of some oa^ ef his eaeiliieflt
tad prefenred for his gaokf the PriiieeBiegrat of EagbiAd)
What will «¥ail their ealUng ERm a pmoaer of wttr, who iraaait
igto their power when the war was oi^er? Admittiag that ha
ware a prisoner qf war, (for the /nere sake of aiffimieat it is
that we do admit it; for a prisoner <if wdr he nanifeatly waa
not) what triU airail the pretended right of a govemmetot hi
these oiviMaed times {a Jm g ovemtient tool) to exfl^ and uk^
careetMe for life even a prb^ier iqf vxirf What will avail ttl^
iart grand reaoavoe of miniaterisl malversatMn-*»the plea of ffa*'
bmdff Will posterity admit t\M plea without inqnisy?
When Mr descendsntid eaaoline that pisa, what can saenre na
tffcaiaul their condemnatieia? Will they make their unbiassed
aomeoents upon that plea, and tiot make, by their reproaMiaa
and eseciatiotts, oar present Ministers ^nnkt in their grataai
^Ntee^tg! And what waa this dire necesiUyf^' will be their
aadphalie qaeslioa* *^ The aecessily ta 4nsaH and oppresa^Uft
siASff, in order to^ the esown of Fnmoe on the bead of ana**
tber f Had jioC the Ministers af those itmes saAciently evideed
ihldr Oowardiee in sritang against this onn sfUfN^Ihe whole af
Buiopef When ihe wM^ 0/ JSirspe had eonqnentd this osaa
MAN, <fer 'only ikemhol^ ofJSumpe^ H aeemsj wasadeqoale totiH!
-Mttsled adhMvemeilt) , why coitoborale the fanner proof of thair
ignonlinionB fcar of thistms ma^} Wiiy contd Iheir pitifW
apprehonoions be qmattd cnly by'his exUa add ifttpnaonaieitff
Mihyjdii>.lkot even ihete sufioe %o attay thrfir Meal terfars?
Vkf was Jie «reli pkmdctad of the littla s^veeh«f hi^laBtH
4b*niea,oCfliisp#avifourthoilBBfidNapobioos> Wbat^piaioll
dKkltthc Ministry <af HM flqF eaterteiil of Sngladk istikmea^ that
aaditMs petty sattwag-deetaed la affifldttenwaia^nai^

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%riti»yj HiiH thiktojiity i^i be dd^ tO'iffii^l^ Whrwai
««eqr little piilti^preMmtien etnpbyed to prevent tbe fMfBiilttgr
«|^)h|a wteiteoieeil?'* With one Imifc will Ihcy «ni#ar all
^ttheae^iueitkms. »Tbeae MieistaB/' thqr wUl say, <<1ukI
#i0«tv»li«tol lo rob Him of e^crowb, and JR&ai«oB of a Sar««
Mif0r| ead thty luiew, that shoald he ever nvittt Uasubjeeta,
tfe^eee ^D^eela woaU agun receive Um wkh tiie «ame iutifiil
taaM^lMt thMfbacibtMiBSpifed by Us reoeDi resloralaoD/'

nln^klmsi or bit MftfWie would ask out readers, that Napoleaa

]|^4lM)lefil jBef?emgii. of Ihe Piench People? To this qpiary^ wi

mmMm kMriiihly kd. From this query we wiU not shndk

SMI ne'be sO'hiWwMm in the oause of an iajured Moaareh^

9«b«» argils his righti aad tiwi wnsrt it ? The spirit that would

d«iaii4dieiqgiliiM€y^6iir own Mooffirch forbid^ No^— ^wewiU

aArm his m'gbt, and theo prove it Hm^olsoh is the preaMit

iMi^mif S^^fBRfiifSH-of F&AN€B. How? The Oap€$Um Af*

liaatgs too longr endoiied by an oppressed People^ but al leofth

fMMliClibedf aad ttie .Throne abolished by the natioBal will, that

thiwoe ' could be i«*erected .only by the same aattcHial wiU|

wlMa es-esectod, eoaU be lawfully ascended only by the Maa

ai^ efaeUld • beoowie the object of their free, uneonstraincd

eleeliett. By virtaenof sucheketioa, (Uss reward of anjpasaU

leled aahieveiQents in favour of Liberty) Napoiaqh Bowa^

^AVtmi FiasT Consuk, of the FasNCH Rsfublic, took posses-

aioft of a neW'^cseatdd diadem— *a diadem presented to him bja

Ntrtibtt's gratitude. Again and Bfpm he fouj^t, * agani imd

egafai defeated^ the coalwced despots; and every Ministry, save

#M, acknowledged his imperial sovereignty. Fortune uhi^

plAlely deseiiedr aad treachery beset, his conquering car; and

Uiose labo had teoognised his supreme dignity, became the pes«

sessors lof his oapital. Of two of ttmr capitals he had be» the

mastcS) aald hid restored them: from two of their thnones^ ha

aaald htnre^ iastaataaieoasly harled tlie mcumbents; but they

were spared. To have remembered these* mercies, when For*

mael^ rctigaed him to their power, would not have been con<»

aislint witb» the prioeiples upon whteh Absohite Rulers, and

Ihsae ^rfao wish. to be absolute, uknforaily regulate their policy;

fod tbcy oompellediiis abdication. The enemies of libeity and

liberality, if they can proceed, never stop half way. One Fa»

mjiflorecdi^^tsnaai thime, they force another on. And that

oACTf jwaa-^^hmf The very Family the French Nation had

Isv-effcr pfssaribed! the very Family under whose dominafeba

Ihly hadrstdbiaed^ gtoaned, despah-ed ! the very Family whose

•lattialfiddaM^ at they lioped, liad cost them such torrents of

|d6cd^ tbe'very Faeiily in the woijhl that, had aru^ a rightta

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mpfcipt kinffi (ianf^ Utofm ottier naliMfs lihftft Hnftitimlf^wiM
«tter% ifld^tble; incHgible by ito fcfptni^ wiaKKmdutM^iiyeH^
gibla bf its presqot piindpies; ineligible bjr a d6CM# ^ ^fM
MUbiony Icxig sinoe uiianjomisiy pratmA^e&\ (/%t *t*^

The £nipeK)r of die SWnch^ thus driven flrdnthii thfoiN^ 9t^
tiim to a netgkbouring^isle. The NoffiitialH«^,vtts iPbc^^hMgiiPe
hi&title noiauJBeientiy un^bie in restrng obbr upon tlie'poiiiti^
forei^nr.ba]FOD«tr, despnes and neglects hhi>tdi«i¥ifi oMigMkHsMl^
tiMldethtoned Monarch* But when»i*<^4WU(^>f(y>th«W,^&ig-
land l^^^iien <tid theCapet^, from HQ]^/the:6fst of^beVMMig^
ivfao wielded a sceptre, to Louis the SiKteeiitlYj'the-tiili of* tliMff
ftttitledtoileign— pwbettdid theyptly-the 9iiMdkitflfMmt««i»ti«^
tiesK W«U-»^tbeterm8ofeveiiacoeveedcoiilpaettitfhi«dlrj9^^
byLooHi, in i\ithholdmg from Napoleon the sttpulMid' Mp^
plies; and' secondly^ bj Che worthy aceomp4i«i^s of Chat Lttui%
Hi'^aoatimdly depriving ham of the soeiet^ of ht^'wife'tM
flhild^ kc. &C. — the £mperor quitted his 'trtreat, 'pi^s<<|iUd
himself to his rejoicing subjeets, the Nomhnt RttUrfled^^Md
the Sonrereign resumed his throoe. The sttrrodndiflg'>tyimM;
hgrHlie former re-action of French freedMiand i?reifell-oouM^j[
kMilieen condignly punislied for their uoprotvoketf ahd>tlrociotM
kAwfj^nte in the dnaestic concerns of FVaneer the E^ftf^irtftf
thenfcre, was.wtUiiig to pardonr and forget ai) ^ast 'ilijurii^y
pe»onal and politiod; and could the pride ^nd-^n<k)iir-#l^'Mi<i
Bntish Ministers hare permitted them ta4>e if6e^,4t)'htit^
benaUt, to be just, Burope had remained-'ih'pe^ce, atld'^Chii;
fightful Chief of the French Pe6ple contrnued 0nhi0 VtmmtH
But, no:-r«-mortLfied at this Unexpected tribmph' «f tlMit o^nv
Wmng; of eleetive title oiser hereditary niuipaiioti, (for tf9€a
the^firstiof the Capets was not chosen) ; of nationstl rndepen*
dane& over foreign despotism, sind ii> eonteitiptof the wiy tpilMP
d^les to which thcirown Momrch' is: indebted feir* Ma croWfl;
they wece the first to oppose tiie Eiwperoi^s restoMtibn; At
first to rekindle the flamcss' of wari to spwkul' Iheit* enfisaiilfef
tfrertb&newIjr-tnEnfqnilUeed.oontiaeat; SobMfdish the- MmK
of >«[ia8oltL abMNid^ while their -sycopfaaDt sorpttfts/the iNftM
Editors of .their vulgar Journals, hissed outtt^^dst theidesolii
jjttctim of their rage-^' robber J — Fii^aiJ^-^ieM^ey^A^--6l^^
^ the hunum racer* . . i; •; . v ■• .v ri*. .1

- The General, whose soUsers,-in ooufuisiltbii'vril^i^lhftriifiei^
tigible slaves of Spain, had placed the cxecriibld4>tg«l(.afi^<^
wmAi Ftsdinaad, on the usurped throne of h» ^bsr,^ waft
WW sekit with Biuch^r against Napoleon^, «Mi"«Mv4«MI
Id favoar of anothei! Usurper* The Brnf^emt^wuMtil^'UtMil^i'
nnbdm^oJiii40^^&CptesAfinbehaJ^

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. ' 6w^^^>l%o^eok tit

'fliMre^ Mp«roede0 fight; tbe edndftioits of tlm aMicatiimv

Jiiam those of the fofmetj a»e cUsregarded; and the Man who

Wilis originallf palmed xsfoti the French People by foreign fore^f

the aaiiae foreign forces reinstate, and call him the legMmcU

aSijfvereign of France! This Man, accordingly, makes hia tri-

niBlnipli^il ent^ into the Capital of the People he ealla his sab;

jciotsl' 'At ^e head of an army} No*— in the tear. In tbii

f«MurM)f< a J^enoh anny> No — in the rear of a host of Eng'i

Umhf frukkm, Ham9erUm, Brurhmnckiany and Netheriandian

aoUUeta* The inhabitants of Prance^ eivil' and military, ar«

si§punst him ; 'but he* oaHs ' them> hier suhjectr; and temporary drw

eamstattces- indvce^ them to call Mm their Kif^. Bat tf the

JbCoA, cOBBpttmented with tbe titiaof>Loma the Eightbbntu^

-m^ta maUy.'the King of tlie French, who woald really be tho

JSSmg of 4hB £ngUsh ? Indisputably^ the presept Kitig t>f Stxi

^MMa. ;£iit>the principles upon whidi our own gloribas^ Revou

feution «itas foniided, infonti ua that Gbqbgb thb THiBiao is out

Kit^f Shat'tbr House of Sittart is arproaoribed House: and the

same tirinciptea.|)roclaiin'NAi>oi.BON >to be the Enkperor-of ' ^e

Frencn, asd the Bourbonai ari' irrev^^eably baniahed^tttcea i To

avreap away the elective right by whtch'the flousie o^^Gorsiisa

claims the cse^wn of the Prmch Nation, would be toundtmstnii

tike tide of the Hoiiise 4>f'Brunswiek to the crown ^ the lEn^italii

I^ion. T'o invsLlUaibe elective right, asofpoaed toheveditar^

right, would be to prefer the Stuarts and the Boupbons ^ttM

Ckielphs and the Botiapattesi But {the title -of the Guelpha i«

vnguestional^k; the title^ therefore^ of the Bonapaftes is be*^

jotid dispute. .. .' i . • ;

•s/Fbe AritiiAi Misistryi seiiaible oClhis^ could not, conaistentijit

with their determination- to ra-seai ■ the ancient aadr inoasant

enemies of En^lamiy- its KSngs, and its Constitution^* refrain

feom an acft^ on tfae: guilt ofi which we shall ever ifnaist. vTbk

kai9e allowed Napoleon his ipefsonai liberty, wioukt have bceit

io allow tbe French'^ vegain ibeir legitimate Piines^ taallowf.

the diseaKlad 'Bourbons to expeiieneethe fate of the proseHbed

Stuarts; to aihuv ial) tb& Bi itish MocnI and British tseasure thai

^^^ been.sacrificed for the subjugation of French Freedom^ anc^

the restoration of the Capets, to be worse than wasted; to end

\fk the mortification and dii^grace of every desppt that dias as^

isiited their wusAn . tienee, after exciting all Europe against

France^ they charge Fraaee with having assailed all Buvope ;

accuse them of the love of slaughter and conquest ; and cobip

tertthe ehamfuoh of lfe#4ibertiei into a ^< Champion of Jaeo*

Moism ?*" The tygers cry o«t against the lion, whose anger

tikay^eafia^MMIed^^aiid at /whose strength tiiey tremble. His

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tit . BhmenbacVs imllM$m i^Phgskhgy.

C0BtbiiediiMdGttim>«li bt ^tegoiMs 16 Hie Un^uA:hm
nwt beicMbed~cbamed to mroek in llie midit of die orcwu
wb«re Deilber Us imripg can be tveard^ hmt his peMer AmdrA
by ^9i^elr» tmtoc^wt p<ac«-lovtN|gf henia of Ru«i% Pniiaie^
Md Austria^

With thfa veesooukg of our Miniitars we agree; bul eott*-
demn thetr aaeaDs. Napoleon immurtd in the islMd of St.
Helflpai» BtiMf)e may for a while i^main liaaottil; AlcMndea
mvy wA be 9i dmwo daggera wilh Fred«nc» Froikria «t wac
wjlhFnaacii^ nor I^wiifl in aiipe against Gcofge foitheaeomi
three or fburjrefm; bet stitt we denjT'Cand the law injfcpfiidaot
Membeia of the Houae of Commona wiK denj) the-njgbt to
cooaidei: Napoleon whal the CSahincfk hanepiewawd toeenaate
bim-^^ priiMT ^ torn: the light (arad eonaidering hiaa aa m
fotfornu of waa) to bafbarou% baniahthiin for li& to a distKl^
inauiateddeaait. It iaa legal braeh, a oonstitulicaial w>lalicMa^
ea inToad upon the vighta and* Ubertiea of £agliahnicn^ iatibi
person of an^exalted Alien> juad paoetainu ita inimqt Jn tein*
lualiee. hi$t tiie consUmy of the Bn^h Cioeeiinfcent bna
been aehaon^ledged hv NafM^koahiiMdif. We acdordwitbibe
Batpm>n., Though ita piith hKs been etookcd^ ita ohjeotkn
beeRMftviaried. MiflMtem haye neterioal sight of the depne^
aion ofFmaoe^ in the deatruetioa of her liiiifriolg Peiandaa.
Kor thiSigTeatieadaedQYoatly wJahedVMMlaa^ardeall^ punnaad^
oO'aatificea of theivowtt, na priTotbliB of tbe People^ mwe.fa«Hi
apaied. Attentive to that gulden aita of Hor^eo, Senaktr §i
t»tittni»9iieiiaafrMcq4opr(N»am tfaeyluire j^hdm^

through thick and through thin; and the pieee i» whieb Aev
banre pbjed their oon^icaeva. pHatSit hea iheeofioiahed^itb
the some fltpjait witb whiek it jwea- b^itn,

Waknow (aa aheac^ obaorved) that ithenieaUed te wooon^
Ihify wiU«tfike«ecaMJ^t^egmBdpleB.fiwfUilastswl;Qf thqie
tragedy. Bii(baan^caa«% iMMTerbeenalloModf^emBaaaak*
iefiBttlorfroBaaiCarde»of hononr^aQwe hope Jt will dMt be fibnod
4d Hefieient vbtue to seaem the enemiea ofFieMahaftdBngliah
liiberlyfroiKtheiffipenBhaaaaitf &e« fte* they jnerita . - dr». .

ArHTi 311 .-^--^7^ m#ftfu<e9 0f Phyiiology. fVmdMe Jhm Hle^LM^

. enMndi/4v> 8to. Cos and Go. M46«i

P.. - 1 • ... . ....
EaFBaaoil>Bluiqenbadb ia an autho<:.iPi<ji^fi(lv eateeaacd by
Vis ^ntemporariof^ and his fatOQia-s^rWoU ea|B|rii|hed jn^ tiM
l^loa<^ptii^ jrofk^a^to r^er i;sa<«xfr«iiiOi«^^

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^MitmOttof.^ .SIS

tne pnMipd tt^ecA of tte ftnrf^^^
vrcA iMlfote uf> ««at tp have been tadeliv«riii a iufthfitl^ eon^
idae, and intelligible mannefi ibe prineipka of a sdeiHx inferior
fo beauty, vopo^^tenee, and utUitir, to no dqwrtnent of me-
dWoie. Tbeilnniortal Gain prefixed to his methodus medendi
a>f€ir wocda which sufficiently confirm the importance of pfaf •
fMdJKjr. <^TlMrmagnitttdeofadiaease,''sayahe, ^^isinpftK
pcriiimUittdef9MmJhmtliehmUhn9kae; nniihtetetmi^f
#ii^ dswrtioii^caiirbe aaeertahiedby hbn only wha inoitfr pit'

*4%eae inatitnliopi mav be considered as a conreet compen-*

dtnm of pbysiolocy ; and we cannot hdp expressing our regret^

IMU; tfaia respecteUe author has tot expatlMlei to a^ ^ater

tttent than two hundred and sixty octavo pages on a subject to

'inteiestingy and capabk of siuh coniiiderable amplifieation.

\, 'TW£essor ffiumenbach has treated his subject In numbered

f^dions^ a manner similar to that of Boerhaave^ Van Swieten,

j^ (he ej^aot Haller | and fvobahly for this reason, that it b

'tt'mode of writing extremely well calculated for refcrenoe and

JMlimitbu. BocflHunre si^- *^ that a teaeher sueoeeds better

. iMHWWttMantiByupon his own thoughts, than in attaempting to

tolarg^ upon a mrk written by another ; that his doctrine wiU

%eidear, and^Maltttgnageis geneiuUy more animated.*' Halter

tmed Boerhaave*s Institutions as a text*book in his lectures,

' Ibfit hi afterwards compel one himself: anatomy haidng be-*

'cbnie lii tlie course of -fifty years, in the middle of the^igh-

' teenth century, so much[iraproved, as to be a new science.

It is very fifteaM fiom sucb a diaeiiity of subject ai is

^pttBsented to the reader in this volume, to select those which shre

most impr^^ve, counstently with our limited space. We can

' 0^ offer our humble judgment in asserting, that exalted as

'm^astaUid!ied refutation of our learned author is, it is in no

' reiMet duninishea bv this reeest specimen of his talents.

\ ' ' AU the heads of physiology usually treated of, will be found

^kpBdtfy and correctly exfaained. The Professor furnishes

fMaM ntfk tat lumnMua dbaer^ationa, unaeoompanled i«<th

i^uMMllMisfi;tai*lmnyaiiaioti^ those howi!v^ whoafe <ifAnioils

are-cited, art streH-as are not tedimmonly Itnown. Hereeow*

mends (heMtofhe ilttMtibti of his sMd^nts, and seems desirous bf

tedting a^ fonAuisi fok other stOicHes besides medicine, which he

hinks are i^ applied ti^ phyjuology as the^ deeerve.

We shidl say nothing further, but briefly extract a fcaT £ne*
Carr. Rbv. Vox.. U. Sefkmber, 1815. S R

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114 Ifyjiffiiyitfiirili toMlMlfeMll Aft^Milriittyft.

fronn Pfoftssor Kiiiii<eiilMu!li* 'In tlrt^ yMi' 1^«%^
ef fied^iiod Human Naitisre^ faeoboto^co- ■ '

'^ 74. Since health* ^rtuch la the^otjeot ^.^svologf^ Hependa
upon suoh an harmony and equilibrium of the metier andf|iowera
of the system as is requisite for the due performance of its functions^
it is very evident how the four principles examined above^ontri-
birte to its support.

** 75. Fluids properly prepared are the first reliuisfte; 'ixi>ft«.
isefacft |ilace, acdids duly formed from the flukte ; ^ken ibfeinTi^rat*
ing influence of the vital poweM; lditly» a a^imd mind ai Uriir
aaundbody.

Y.Ttf* These finir|irmdples act and t»«0t.|p«fpetMll|r.tmjeadr
others the fluidsase stimulL to.the iolida.f ihisa mgm^vm cjjAeiM^
latod by their vital poweta to eKperience the iafiiieiica.of thaae ttif«^
muli and ce-act upon them.

'■ *' In reference to the intimate union of ihe mind with the hoiff^
suffice it at present to remarl^^ that it is far more extensive ihatt '
ift 'first might be imagined. j

^ ** For instance, the influence on the wishes not contained in tbtq
naiTow limits of those actions^ designated voluntary in the sehoobb
ef physiology; and the mind^ on the other hand, is influeiiced 1^^
Hie affections of the body in manfolh^r ^ays basidaa Ike pcracf»t^
tioos of sense.. - of

" 77. From the endleas variety ciid-modificatioiBS of the caafit ^
tions bdongiQg to these four principles it may bo'^aaUy iuidefat<i44-
Iiow great latitude must be given to the notion of health, tit
aiuoe, aa CeLsua observed, eveiy one has some ]}|art f^^^.tlaa
the rest, Galen may in this senseas^ert with truth, that no ona. g^
joys perfect health. And even among those whom we cpmi^ofljoir
reigardingpod healthy this is variously modified ia each indi-
vidual.''

Speddng of the action 6f the hearty lie saj8>—^ .,

'^ 114. The impulse imparted by thehe^tto the yiMi It^*
communicated to the sirt^rien, so thht evsery systole 6f idle httttV^
is remaricabiy evident' in those 'airti^H^ which caif b«''iextyl(ih^Yrjfl''
tttbf!ngers, and exceeds one-sfllhof'aii imibln diameter, vM^^ttt^
those sasowhode^ulstfCioflr on bi&^%^tk»wk^iiim0oM, mfUMtB^
eye and ear. The eflfect upon the ttteries is calleMtelrdimote^-*
a«d 4a oomsspondent and5yndvfdnouawilh'tbeay8t«lM>f<lie4ikait.

<^ lU.'1?he^qttiekDes9ofHhe liea#t*i'|Mi]flaflD>a iMHi^

V8Vied4iidefiiriMy,^siyefiy from* sgt, h^ft alsi^ »tfia«^tfaey«natfrtt*^^
tioMi wfaieh at all-ages fbrm 1^ peculiar healtli of an individual ; ^
«o that we can lay down noitdeon thia point' itBay,howeves;c
be permitted to mention the varieties which I h^e fbaud itfu
ourtUmate at diiferent ages, beginning widh %h^ ttewbdfn fifflUt^
ill 'lAich, while placidly &kefteg, it is ab<5ttri46fiiir a talau!tia* * -^'

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• - - - ^-. olj|h|»fl«poiid - - - ^ f» li9 .M ,^

• --..•• third and fourth - - 96
da^q^.W]i|^«kefii9t4eeai begin to drop.4Mit - - - 86
r.a. At puberty. ••-- -•90 ^

At manhood «..75

Ataixfy^flboiU; ••-»•-*••. 60
1a those more advanced I have scarcely twice fonnd it tiie

- *f ThO'imlBe taUnz ^at^im ignore frequent in women thaaiv
aifla» mid in shmrt than iAtelk penoiw.

'' A mono constant fSact, however^ is its greater slowness its
coU olinmles. |ls jgreaSer Inqmeney a£ter meals and coctioi^
during oDntinqed watrhfiilnsm, mDercise^ or mental excitcment»i9
aMBiivapidly kaowiL** . .

•f)£e pV^c>^? manjT novel remarks in. the seventh section npoa
ttif jilpod vessels;, a^ «1sq on th^?. subject of respiratioHj-^A^
,l>Iood Us^f . The function of sleep is treated in a manner highly.
pUkMopUeal'.and instractive) as indeed all the other subiects
m^ • We thevofoie vecommeDd the peruaal of the work tor*
€%ttf description of readers; satisfied that it will be found use*'
fti'te^dlts 'tttenanje* I%e Profesa^r stems to be pecaliaily

rate in what he smeson the growth, stationary condition,

decrease of man. The following passage in the 44tk
^y&y page 253^ will amply corroborate this remark:

•"^#40. NoduBg meie renviiiia at present than to survey the
BttMMd^onrseof the life of man^ whose animal Unctions we have '
dUis armnged in classes, and examined individually^ and to ae<^
company him through his principal epochs, from his bixth to his '
^kKVe. '

'' 641. The cooifli«ao6m^ of ,^vtvaM09«ppear8 to happen about.^
third week from conception, and genuine blood is first observable
ateiii' Hus fimtth.^ ihe life of the fetus at this period bqiyg ex-
t;wmflly>ftAt,-^todiahnflis^ mtrdy tha4 of a ve^tabl^^ thetnoti^
%f Ite^hamf, fffWcb hai^ uodea foitnuaafte eiKumalanq^i^ Wcm ob<
fsil^i'ilhli kii^thi httipa* «nhvyo> ^bmgh loog ^^9 ^^teoted bf
lil>>riirtBiiii,th(<'iiwub»tede|^.baaef^ aiacQ hi» timf^ib^ea called •

i^fi

^/IrfcgrftiBawMfd farm ^ th(^fewitwyQ i^ sieapl^;!^ Uk^ tbf^ I9f
fNwdorfirily difffrant lypm^ the , pecfei^t <H>ii(irmMion of
th<m»wmh Atwww ttrhif^ d«sen^ tal^ Q«g»i4e(l «^ th»^r«Q49«t.

m^iif |i4My fOi.sgealiU mittamnrghadep from a T9fx^ 4^nudc to a .
MfM*peaflBot4oili#. ' •» ..J

Jf.ftia IHMjfiimatte^tfbona^tfliuDanotnustakeibisin
venthofi^glith.W0e)i.i fiti^tpf allitl^'.lp#efmaauidf<^E|lMUs9^«pif .
taliiMivfie]M!»)riabsiA virtektss^tiiehu^ haiB«s of the ex*

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'delicate reticulum 6f d<nii^ flalf bones <>f 'the aktfl^^^^yfrhilil
u|d occipital, bat less early in the parietal. > ' • : • o/ »- »iii
'^ In general, the growth of Ae embryo, and !ndlit»%|p tlS^idiiaa
Wng after birth, is more rapid as the age islets, aM Ml^%Mlfif^'
*' /' 643. About the middle of pregnancy, certtin'ftiiM%cg1HPib
^ secreted, as the fat and bile. In the course of tHfe^%<$trAHIi
:%ionth, all the organs of the vital, natural; and ahittHfl^AlldttcfM
"have made such progress, that if the child happens to bb biiM^ll
^jthis period, it is Called in the common acceptation "bTtW'W^M^
\Ual, and regarded as a memberof tociety. "^^'^ '*^1

f ' /'tf^4. In th6 foetus near its fhll growth, not Obiy-WHlfe ttki
'i;Vvcred by a caseous matter, but delicate hair nppeaito «f|)Oif fts
iead, ttnd little nails become visible; the meixfbratia pa|rtltttb

3^tS{, t^e cartilaginous external ear beconies 'more* filtt'^nM
giiBtic, and in the male the testes descend.
^ ^ ^' 645. Near the end of the tenth lunar month, the child' wtao
'^jfpm undergoes^ besides those important changes terrinfefl^ de-
cribed at large, other changes' in its external appearsort^j '4r/ entile
^down which covered ^ its foce at birth gradually disappettft; tfta
'wrinkles are obliterated, the amis becomes concede betw^toiHie
swelling nates, *&c. '^' ' • • • -d

. '' 646. By degrees the Ihftfnt T^ams to employ illi'itaefitrf.fiKail'
'ties of perception, attention, femiidscetice, hidhuttMi, Jte.lJfcHtUi
V jev.en in the early months^ it dreams, &c. * • uol

. ^' 647.. The organs of the external sau€s are gr^titlly Solved

' and perfected, as the external ear, the internal narel, tbA ett^Ar-

ings of the eyes, viz. the supra-orbital arches, the e^MoWld:^^.

^ '<^ 648. The bones pf the skull unite more firmly, ^e HM^iSM

are by degrees filled up; and about eight weeks allerMrtKi«Jk-

^ iUiim commences." *' ^^^*

" 649. At this period the ch9d is ready to be weaned, Ms leeA

being able tp mianducate solid ftyod, and not' tttieiidtod"tl4^ii}ltfs

; the mother's breast. ' .op),il

'' 650. About die end Of ^heflrstyeak^it lanMto'^pesl*iiii6tf4lB
t t^, and stand* erec^r-the higher characteristic of th^atalfllU4l«idy.
7 : '' 651. Hie c^d, n^Vweanled iVbm its indtlM^ri Mkttt; tad
" CMmU^ 6t usiiig Ito f^t/ impntvesan^ac^tUf^^tflk^^b^^
, TOwer daily; 'AnoA^^hrto

,. power daily; Anoi^^^r^ jpM^ if^ixVllfiliM iMt^Bfi%^
::wZm\ bVmUiis'4^the'trti^
'venih ie^rM^'iMonimiiii^^

" 654. TUa Bum Ut«Ij state of th>XHttpi<Wi'BI<rit ^n)

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m

b«mgg)ra4HaU]iiiiir^ared for the tt«KiM«r

Hie sMiiial ninctions.
.irf!fgiB#M IfffWgdinliffly ^» ihc f^nod i? hen the breiirts of tifet

adfdil^9$ giri be^n to mdX, the chin of the boy is cov^fea witli
^tm^Mfmt^^l^f^ of,,|fubei;ty, nwii^eat {hfmselt^ m

trtftfgc^tWi {pi(^ei^,b«;g^s .^ nxMstruate-'-aa important, chann
^A^A^l^^ooq^iy,,^^ circum8tan<^ ^

^MM^al^afi by, an xnpreaaea. brightness of the eyes^ redness^
vlki»'V0b'>M mcst^ eviaent eensable qualities of the pertpira&^i,

Tihe bey secretes renuine semen, and at the same time the beiira
t ^Wmi 4Upge abujodantly^ and the voice becomes remarkably ^(tde.
tUji^ af optaneous internal voice of nature, as it werjBj the $exmil
•imtk^i^^ffoT the&rst time, excited) and man^ being in t|e
|ji§w^,^ff his age^ is capable of sexual connexion.

^' ii&6. The period of puberty cannot be exactly defined/ It l4-
n^(f^ ^i^.^^if^^^ ^^ temperament, but is universally more iSMy
. Ill tJ^imMe; so that in our climate girls arrive at puberty^ about
9 j|h6> fifteenth year ^ and young men, on, the contrary, about the
^/IweiO^eth. , VJ

5ifi \i3^7* jSooo after this growth terminates ; at various penoas,

iKywever, in different individuals, families, and dimi^tes.
'luo*A fi^rP^^Ayf^ of , the I]t^n^^ hitherto distinct from %fiiit
^jfaphyiry, now become intimately united^ and as it were cop^*

founded with them.
hsvto'r§^' ^t $mnhood, the longer and more excellent period of
.ib«9ian,jsxistence, life is, with respect to corporeal functions, at the

l^fl^heitt pitch j or, in other words, these f iinctions are perforzifed
fljwith^e greatest vig(mr and constancy; in regard to the mental
^xfyj^^^vfi, the grand prerogative of mature judgment is now

afforded. ''

it^^ «i':<||BO». The. approach of oU cg$ is announced in women by^oia
j»il»{ff9a|JDiib^ tim c^tamenia, ^nd not unfrequently by an appw-

ance of beard upon the chin ; in men, by less, alacrity to copulici^i
^ii^i^hiibffff^mi^^n^'^^f^ WV* a,'gwaiua}ly ^wuifesjed.xfecrcoii of

-o*a%l^rASflS^^^*^^y- ^^ *^*^ grow white, «ipdpA«ly

m^mirMfl tF^ig^fJ*^^ ^roP Q«t. /f^e n5<^? jf «<> ^<^^S^r

^*WfttpA»fii^fJi?PPPflJfi^ <R« WAy:

2T«ffaWfte#<iHP%i%8?Pw the machide-^ln a man-

per iwirtc away. »;/.../

Trbich'

**!fe?^

^^Ijlljlpj^ll^ i0 t]&e ulliwate line .i^ phyiiclogy ;.
f^^j^, to ^ih^ s«:hile^' ^^J^etvaf^cL (eutHanaua).
. * . * ''o| medicine jko p^ocuire^ bM of

i!c:ofn ouf iprecedl^ijg^adi^^
Vi:;/.! aium Eiiir .1-00

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M8 Bhmmbacti*sjl^fatmkm'6/Phiim^^

" $65. Th#,p]|ea<»p€;n^Qf.% p^onb^^f^fi^i^^^^Mmtm^t
the txtrem\tie9, k)fis of br&liftofcy ib the eyes^ «QiaIliieB&^ and slow*
ness of the pulse, which more and more frequently io^rwits, and
iDifrequency of respiration, which at length terminates foK €9er by
• deep expiration/' >

- hk tlie dissection of oCiier morititmd mammalii^ tBesWiggfaf:

of the heart may be perceived 5 the right auricle and ventlfUle
of which are well known to lire rather longer than the teftV ' ^'

" Q64, Death h manifested by the coldness aiiii;i rigidity, of ^M
body, the flaccidity of the cornea, the open state of the anii^ij i(e
Vividness of the back, the depression and flatness of the loins, ai|d
above all, by an odour truly cadaverotu. If these collecHve mar&s
are present, there can be no room for the complaint of Pliny, thaf^
one ought not to believe a dead man. ;

*' 66b. It is scarcely possible to define the natural period of life, '
or as it may be termed, the more frequent and regular limits of ad-.
v^nced old age. But, by an accurate examination of numerouf
bills of mortality, I have ascertained a remarkable fact, — ^that ft '
very large proportion of Europeans reach their eighty-fourth year>^
while, on the contrary, few exceed it." . ^

On the whole, Professor Blumenbaeh seems to think^ not-^ t
withstanding that the weakness of children, the intemperance pf^j
ftdults, the violence of diseases, the fatality of accidents, an^i
maoy other circumstances, prevent more than perhaps seventy*
eight persons out of a thousand from dying of old age, without s
disease, that if human longevity be compared, cceteris paribus, •:
with the duration of life of any other animal among the mamr^
malia, it will probably be founds that of all the sc^histiqit
whinings about the miseries of human life, no one is more tox-
fottnded than that which is comdoionly made resbecting the
shortness of its duration : and when it is conudered, that nerv*
0us affections often arise solely from the various passions^
which subsequently increase the irritabiKty of the system,, aad'
that all mental causes peculiarly indispose the healthy body^-^
we are inclined to think, that if all these additional causes of
disease prevail in man^ the priYiciple of life should seehf ^ be
more powerfully retained in the human race thap other ^linaW"*
And 9s t^at property, which is denominated the vit^ .prfMpIp,^!^
consbts ifi tn^ qhemb^al attractipn of jits elemei^SA iv^i^I) W
diffused through the fluids and solids is GontiDu^y.^ef^9#iS;<
th^m by its influence from putrefaction, — it miKf he s^.th(B((£
enery/atom of our body lives chiemicaUf, and £ai iU^iH i^i&
stvv^by putreAu*tion alctoe. - . •.. r^ :»> •.

We here flnaHy close our remailcs, 'not'AenliiiirnrUhit^<rati:
readers will And a copious fund of tunusement Mtdte&tltfLtfcfa
in thfe perusal of this edifying woit. - ^^ ^■•'** '^ A.*Mi}if^b^ft^i^vi^.

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fHEOLOGY.

Ajfu.'ilJl.*^' '■«• oQ^^pliift 'jFcMim^lijf JuMfMNm CMv Coii^ErMiM 0^ ptfiil

^i^A^^iimm^; ^or^ on ^jopoal^ to Beaton -^md Connmon Seiue, for M

Truih 4f lAe Hbfy &T9»eiirct. In Two Discounes, B^ JOktih

^jumriNGs^ D.D. I^A a Aeeowimaida/ory Preface, by h. Crock*

^/; 2>.2>. Third EMoti, \%mo. Pp. 47. Williami and C^

'It is the opinion of many sensible and pious men^ that the
miiltiplied and still multiplying production of arguments to prove
the truth of Revealed Religion^ is derogatory to the dignity of
Christianity, and a tacit avowal that its divine original is not y^t
unassailably established. From, this opinion we entirely dissen^
l^e natural tendency of the human heart to impiety — its insear
•ibility to the precepts of the Gospel — the dissoluteness of soda)
m^ioers— <and the general neglect of the rules of morality, have
been and still continue to be the prompting causes of the lubouif
4>f our divines, in setting forth and corroborating the sublime ve*
rity of Holy Writ. The constant existence of the evil requires the
incessant adminlsti^tion of the antidote. And to say that thi^
r^titiOh of former arguments, and the suggestion of new, tl
new can be foand, is inconsistent with the dignity of a cause,
land betrays a belief that it is unconfirmed, is clearly as unreasou-
able as it would be to object to any science or art, that its prin-
ciples and axioms may be explained and demonstrated in a diver*
8ity,of w^}^s.

Judging, then, that it is highly important to have every attaint-
able proof of the truth of the Bible presented to public notice, we
cannot but commend the publication of this little tract. The ge-
neral strain of the reasoning is clear and convincing, the style Is
neai and extremely perspicuous, and the whole may be considered
as fofrming a popular and very usefhl view of the subject. Wfe
subjoin a specimen —

'< Since a revelation fr^m God was necessary, and might rea-
flonJEtbly be expected, we may fairly conclude that such a revela-
iSon'is in the' world 5 and it is an argument of strong probability, .
iBT^Irtfar of ^DUf Bible, that tt is every way' wonhy of God; ir
4s4fctt% a reVelaition as wetbi^t'expieet thM Ood Would hi&ke. If
h# ^ktfte {AeftSed t!^ make any at all ; for it directly ^lieves nSr ti^
ali^otfie tfiffit^nies which ^e so much wanted to be informed '
and katSfified-ato^. It ,asiU7esiU8 that tthet^is forgiveness .^it^' ^
God for sinners in this world, and it directs us €d u certiun wigr*:
and- ffidthod ^ dituibing it. It shews;U» how God has most wi^AV
^&n|l^r«9i»U9TyiCPPlrived.a lyay for reooncililag and nnltin^ the iyii-^ .
Icresttrnd hovoux of his goodness and justice; sp ihathe can now

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ttBfdflB, iiiiiniiri'md uMelnilitflfeilQtl
vindicate tte bonouvof his jiurtie« Aifd.Itfl laii;^iuiil|MaMM|t
• Mltiog forth hifl owa Sm tq ^nniii f99fi^ki^tim^^ M»linMP|W
our iaiqaities upon him^; |mi| MJica>g»»#o»»|i>il^rliiii(id>iiilW
which waa eqiwd to what <my>*8jpi> hp^dpwifiififtr jtof>tliarillMfc
jjiiUiiM fkat ' ttie LomI hnth kiiiii niftirliiiifi fhr iriiikrnfiiMtfJyrti
iOuit ' the Son QlGod wa» mnili lili.for lM>*t Sl»%^l«MliNMir
the lujui^;*;, that .'h^ w^ WfUQfM S^.J0^9fi(

liroUe4 for oajr mipiiticftiihe chMtJiWWpt »f yw l ,

Aiflfu and with bi« stripes w^ a^^ hmM^. I^ 4i«»l9^1l«^
in Cnrist, a« the way of obtaloiiig, the paion^-amrpwrn a)Hii|M|v(
ciliaiioo with God, and it <jiiiyiyi^iiiAjt., wlwwreR>^
CD Christ shall be pairdoned and saved. Now this is the very tiding
which we so much wanted to l>e inibrmed of, the grand enquiiy
wjhiphsome of the n
"^ut, but in which thi
^^erewith shall 1 coi

l)ke high God ? Shall I coine beforelirm with burnt offi^i ^^
ANes of a year old? . ^)11 the Lord l)e pleased AV;t^J>i%>f^{^ ^
rams, or with ten dibsands of rhrers of oil ? Snail i give my trst
)»n^§wmf timsgiisi^on, the fnii^.ofii^y. bodyfiw thd«l» Wadt
fpttl Y , Sq Qalak, aheaiben prina^/uofder a paft^^ of ocmrkftoar A
4ui,iDi|pijcedalH»u(^P«giv^esa,Micahyi..«>7^ . WHI/CUril I^MPiMf
l&ft At aity rat^ ? If 1^ will, iw)>at i^mst 1 4o to obtaia- fqigf n^ariH
£rom him i His prop4iQtB4|j|m,w>«# not ablo to^ veaol^Mni^Al
could direct him Jtfi^.notbiDg. mon^ nor fu9ther> than lo f do I^M^taft
lljo love mercy,. ^d to walk humULy with hia Gc^* vexaeet,- 'm|
alaai thisniakeano^tonementforaiospaat} and (heiefarti iriMk
leave it utterly uncertain whether God will pardon or. n^^r^'ltr^
tihe.Qosnali a^ that only» that leUs us wkerewith wi «My} mtm
pefore the I^ord, and find mercy and acc^eptaaca ' with'^Mwy 4ftMlt
^Is us of an atonement which haaibeen akead)^ madid fcr^fr^ml
and which God will acce[^ in behalCof*alltho8<^w)uiLbaUe|r#|nrMfe
Son Jesus Christ, tlua is that, wheien^th we arato co«ie JMM#
Ib^jLiord. upon which i9r/aar^ to. trust,, aial;vdil8h wo-^aMltlg^liM
witlihim; aadthen weaj:e,promiied«nda8si«Bsdl;lM^Jii^

jMt. 19rTn4 <8«r«i<)!MMm%Mifte Aat>^

^' ff hiribeeii'^ttUiyfAut
ite Chrisfianity; thap t8'tM

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^iWiB#li(MiatJt^, Tile wrMFvMlig^eDtttlittlu^wHh which tM
HtmtkiitmB^liihr^k^tix r^KetGhrfet/ifv^Mild almost seem to liidr»
IM****I VHfrfeMc* ted. dMiMd tliHl thiqr shoutd erer lemahi li
<lliihilH«t» BimMd byeVcty 8e«tdfChri^tiaiid^-«mmderiBA
tudkUiMri tlitev'tbNNlgto&tfii^yttit eatpniiMof the world. Ev^
WknMb^ioMag i^em wet jirattd ttf^eirreMgkmsopiiiioilB; ant
MIdim MmI do wi iod a Jew ttf Hoy rank; or how ev^ weQ int^
»br«ciag Christifttiity. Christ preached patience and
lot, aad we are f herefere ghut to find this Societv thereMi
J hli|ireeeplB; and trust tiiat by their labours utabe may
. the ooBVCfsien of the Israelites.

llMr. U^TtedtBe bg Si, Cyprian, Archbishop qf Carthage, entiilSk
^^pttVnity of the Church; iranslatedfrom the Oxford e£tkm i^hnf
^' Worki, bu Nathaniel Mabshall, L.L,B. and Chaplain in Ordfr
^' nonf id M9 Majesty, Abridged and rqninted with an ^fyp^n^S^ Is
^ jAttss Ho^sBURGB, P.R.S. Pp. 47- Seeley. ' ' ^

; rI%ATthe Unity of the Chareh, I.e.theabolitienorsectiurittnaAA
ttie ttniTersal adotvtioo of the wisest system of worship, would tend
VanlMlaBy lothi benett of mankind, we enttrlatn not dity doubf.
W^aiMsh fettr» however, that l^e time is destined nerer to arrivd
> ao danmbie' an event ahaUtake place. The history of an
, of the prasent«s well as the past, irreAitaUy demonstrates
i theto'la no topic upon which the human mind is so much diit^
^flS that of iftfigiotts devotion. While all partlestake th^ Bible
(Mtheir flpftritual guide, and buDd upon its etemid basis their hopeb
iMIVmi heraafter existence, each thinks itself authorized inoffei|ng
MppUeatibns and thanksgiTlngsto the Divine Migesty, in whateve)?
Ibiua il pacmliarly pmfeases. fiach places its own construction on
SHrtaitt'p'^isagea of Holy Writ, which are made the pivots of di^
lldbuu Mi dcdueta ronaequtncfes wholly rtpugndnt to the prind*

eM>iBCHh«. tfeat. Wherilbfe, until a complete revolution oocufi
•ihtradigftoua WoiU,^mostaa matvdioua as that produced by
the establiahmeut of Christtanityy^the conflict of passion, fdellA)^,
and, perhaps, interest, wQl pmsEaLine violent to permit all men to
tee with the same eyes.

.f-.%ial 1h*xp||b|k9ldion of tiafcta like the prasent ma/ be t^iedd^
i«Wh>s4ia»food\ effMlgrwi^ arebyhd means disposed to dtsptlte.
II !rta|»T«dhSliiMhha^aad dosyil^ oth«rk s-^buV th&t it «>^ni> i^obth
the mutual asperity, or achieve a compromise of tW fieteVoge^^

J&iliP2n|,weckAnot foruA lu^l^^^ Stippos^. <.The iiftteaAieii.is
btttebd&ble, built is to be ye^red^ y/ilX wt JEoee| |vitli4|f^4u^

irard. ''"'* ' * ' _ J_

^'--Sf Mr. Huraburgh*g UteOTfr-Sbitilies we isire debarred Irpm
Sfttdbmg^iirMrma St ptato^.' TDisc^mrsingf^ dn'the ^emn^^er-
CaiT. Rby. Vol. IL Sepimber, 1815, 2 S

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323 ' M<>DtillfCiftBbif^

ness of man to '' einbraeirA^t^lUi»»;j0K6ugh fhiugbt with groit
ftViU/' be «ays — " This was . sadly experienced in the time of
^CromwelL^l^en Putitahi^ ln't)^l^iMrftiiir^««fiAPHit«l^
ier the gorfc of ^yp6o%, s^^jlt all Beft>w iV/'* •^'If^'l^^gttebnKere
thai of hypocrisy, thp hypomsy %as Vifl(iWe)»^ aAd^^lfeii tkoir.Vill
Mr Horsburgh accottnt fbr'the kticces|iwfth>0v4dcli ir^mHsvebdln-
inoied ? .Xhemome<aftdieceptiQ« 13 vjsi^i^, it c«asps t|a operate^ It
;V8S'ndtt)ie gsupb of hjpocrlay^ but tn« garb of 'satictiC^;Wliich
^ctaooftled' the hypocrisy. We lojlght cite more exani{|les Jcrf ta£^
^titntofcrror^ b«ta6ima^2i«;eomnef. \. if^'^

V 'MritHomboigWs political opinions are notl^^ delectabf^ wti
Jhj$:litemryBceoiapliBhment5, "^

L, -* As the beautiful fabric of the universe/* he remaxlcs, ''' pi^t-
fJAtA by Qi^er and harmony, so dx>es nations am) toxhmunities Si
i^eOf every, p«t|90|i, therefore, w&o disunites from, or opposes t|^e
aMtsMished rulf$ qf public worship, as ordained by tWlaws o^tSb
j[0Olilwtfy>9liifanpt beany longe^r cojosidered an efficient membe^'^df
the community or state^>jbecause he Ixas disturbed its JiarrodnV;^
proportion to his means of doing so^ inasmuch^ as examb&ib
ancH-e powerful than preCispt.**

J *■ ■ "''^

>What.Mr. Horsburgh means by " the beautiflil ttbHc^^jflie
Universe," w« do not Know ; but if he mean the visible ii^oi^Ks^
^Nature, we must tell htm thai the ''order and harmony*' Yti'^Mt$x
.tbey*siibiiist> are the production simply of action and couiHefaccitra»
that the beauty of the earth would soon disappear, if the effects of
superabundant showers, were not counteracted by the swfi^^;hi^t,
and that the latter would speedily destroy the most precious j^flarof
Nature, were not its tendency thwarted by the infhience of de-
scending rains. The *^ order and hai'mony" of the universe is,
indeed, the r^mm dUcordia coneors of tht^ Aneients.* At iherefbv«/1t
Is In the'natnral^ so is it hi the polilical wovhl^ Tfae«^^ olrcierand
hii^inony" of society result not from the steady puMutt df otiev^mi-
form set of principles, that wo«fld pix>dtiefe sta^natioit; buf^iD
the opposing and countervsiling operation of public aanttment.
-The ^tlshCo^titution is composed of three distinct and redpro*
vPftliy coafiicting parts: it^rnevovtheless/ pre^^rve^ *^ ordefaiiiabar-
^ V^ny." Why then ^should ijivjlslon of opinion, be the ^ah^ bPfa&Mic
^p^^t-^F^theri disse^ition &bm the tistabtished t^ilViih'^jt^se
inconsistehtwitti respect to the laws / l^tie^laWt^f^fin^aiitf doi&t
compel a man to adopt a specific theological creed; nay^tAi^ fMK
claim universal religious toleration] — ^1m>w then can a non-con-
- IbryiBt^le cauMeMIl im MMScifip^^
tiV. IlonbiirgiicseflQii 4giMiMynp^th«,(^99m&Qe.b^weep^^
•ivc and obligatory laws. of ei « > ) inc. nc.uad

».\ 'iol ;oj,7.t *jIj-.-1 noii3qija p. ?' cihT

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10 iiini* .i:: ,.:, i. . . , • •...-.. .- . . . *

Asffbfti^.pf»iii9«ig^i^ io i4T X?iati^^^> on Su^ecft

-> 1 -ismiiBd^itibUhi filoral cmh(; A^tetOfU Ifl^proDejiv^nt t» ^/m;. Conduct^ tf^
Ih^'^m iiwfioiMu. l{«Mw., '. ^^ Mna Wumams, Aitihoress '^
-irf6J9€ikmejU i$ Jm)^ fw^u^' ,¥p.: 1^^ r. Halliard. . , \ :^,

J Tttp^i^;^ flints.*'' given in the easy Hhrfahnoitebilo^ufal^forBii

pf^tiers^ are well adapted to fkmnT{ir"Ufe and the geiieAlstta^
dard of mental capacityV If we cannot say that they areMmmkv
al>k for novelty* we, may at least ptonounce them to be highly
useful ', and that their tendency to improve the female character
by inculcating the paramount importahce of religion and moittltty,
ought tp ensure them a ready reception in every family, we have
lio hesitation in asserting. Mrs. WHlikms is by no means tinged
with that austere and fanatical folly, which takes afiurtt M miaqr
9J^t^ branches of loodern female eiducation. Viewing each in III
'.proper light, and considering all as merfting attention, she tn«lsti
'c^ly upon the j^ecessity of making them subordinate to pNMttlieal
tWY* and the wholesome discipline of moral habits. '

MjnB. tVilliams has interspersed a few cjuotations from Latin an-.
thors : this we decidedly object to. Admnnitibns addressed to
^li^]g ladies cannot b^e indebted to such an expedient for any ad-
fijLtion to tlieir effect. The probability is, that they will lose niuct^
k|j,tbe association. The idea occurring to thehiind of the reader,
tj&t thcl/at'in words are indispensable to the sense of the paseAg««
4^ liable to produce neglect: l>ecause the inability to dbcoverthdr
Oieanii^^ and to make them blend with the English sentence. Is
. jfelt by i^males to be insuperable.

' AtLW> l€i'^hk:Uemeut to Early Piety \ or a Manuel of Devotion: with

. .aSekctkm.of Hymmt a4apM to Youth of both Sexes^ To which is

pPtfixM^ a Letitr of liaUmal Adioice,from a Lady to lier Sqn^ on

Ftaifer and 'worious Relative and Christum duties. Pp. 72- H^-

^t miltoa. ' •

. jn, ine yo^uxim AJipo ine seecis ot rengious quiy, anti win - \

^a us€fu)'fi^^T|t^nt^p' j)ar^^^^ cdtzcation of thtfir

' Ant. Yr'^imft,)y;'t>rqSiml^ J^^^itfuAi-

' W.r. (f •^ Simpie^Ptemwresf' '^JWYMlfig Bvtamste;' 1^ Pp. IW.

Dftrton and Co. 1815. ""m;! . .. . .. /^ : , 4: . /:

This is a superior little tract for the formation of the yonthftd
mind. The introduction poaaeaacs much interest j and the system.

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ducted. • -. • • :*■ i:^:n.i ^i.j".;.! 'ufj .niw ^auj'^ol 1o iidfiif

Mr. Hanway was left a 1viibiUt^ivlliiPHMM4fld«Vta»;^«i)d
his concerns calling liim ta the Easf Indi^, I^^ consigned them^
5 mt^PCBt of f tl)bti6«A)l''pu

together with the iftt^pCBt ofy thbtifitfiid'tfeunds to each, to the
^Wyfm^'^^^^'^^i'^^^ widpwa%dr»^m4'4ifllMi!^)qM^ ^Hht
found ib/m rude md u^t^^tic^^f^i Jmhiaf^ plKiVJWi>|tkyiaf jb^f^
(9^y'H^(4i^ instilled iiij^> their jBoMf |«40fi|iiWl9)fiKhid(iR^
them &onihabi$s/g^m^WM to C]by9»i»>«MUitotfttlriiirstioai^v. ai iai

' . . ■ .i^ I ■■!>■ Ml ■ I llltl M

, POETRY.

A^T. IS.— Th»€o$mck. A f6m, m TKrei Xitnids. WA Notes.
8vo. Pp.85: BlLldwin«ndCo. ,1815.

Another imitation of Lord %nin.v tit hrilatl^ithoiii fndica*
iions of a u^ind capable^ ^^.^ <^i^ and attention, of bettor things:
but dcfbrmed by negH^enees attcf'erfersHvlxich, We*fcel assured,
the author himself mpst. Iff |fllWWJAe."6c fulF^ ^^^f <>'• Wt
shall point but d few of the obj^ctfonAirej^assages', fim observingi
that we think the £ngUsi)i latigtta^e quite ilcli koid^trong enon^
for all desirable purposes witUEout the M )of ' such ausmiaries as
*' engoUTnmg;' ''tnii-rayi,^*'&c. ^ *' ' ^ _

The author, speaking of the- cheering w^irmiJfi'ttifliised bj the
flames of %hted, bxaads ii^ a cold evenings says thsA j( -

■ '* scared away the feeling chill"'
Of breeze that play'd along the hiU." : " '^

This is the first time that we «ver read of a feeling being scared
away. We also meet with tto foUowiiig line*—

" A skin of snow's unspotted dye.**

I^^eaith^authjor IS at a low to express hin^aeif, *^Vor4jffl**
Mi^ is ini^alriably put iu reguiaition, which,' in our Ppi9ioSi3ji$ g^
cidedly silly. ' ^^

JJ^.,..... ,:.... J

'' He M^(#a(fMiMsik4hft)hami^'%^7hj aiqS

,/)•«' /»'••* • ' nib Y';'un 9fiJ njij^ii; ^iKin 'nU flf lliT \

Is he, indeed! Whan this lusty worthy enters the Hetvan^s

His i64i4>'¥^tmiM'\iium^^ oo

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iMibit of sleeping with Uie Dimciad under his pillow? "^^ •* im

bnef,WMJ[»htlmwijWQiilWUMgdiia» r. M.i ., ^ . \ .:M

j.if-

ontmerii/ Thde9iStfakJii«i^oiii^ i» b<^d and ^tiiti^^

**IfarraktaUiel»iile! tlie Tar law are fiaf ] - — ■ •

They tempt aml.ther dai*e us to fight ;
We meet them^ wc4!(iargtfHhem with sabre and spear;
,s- V '' •" VcC0P<ll?ei\w^duYa-tbem Ipflightf - . .. ^ f,
c. V 'We*dlo>¥— th^yfly," -
* ' " Wc approach — and they die :
"fiolhttf :fMVfan€as8aeks.an^!eBti.iii their might ^ ' '^

9V/ -. uii, '^tpy chaiige, tSey arif now iri] otii: r^r ; , .
rxnlr \ .^jC Tally-rrwe tijrjh— tben^'^blwHi on each lanc«w f .!^

da 2s/. . n.yi..

,, ^^ On, on, ?ee they run J-

Now the blood'Wqi-lc fs dpjae)
jHurrahfor tbe.CQiiquerbr*^ j^re!

sift -r . bddxf^'

" Ai^ay ftam the battle field now to onr home !

See our little ones siuile at the scar i
Our wives and our children ri^oice as we come.
So glorious returning from far.
r- . • :^ I ' Thua Bfc passes oa *

With the sons of tiie Don: ' ,. ^

Hurrah ! for the children of war J*'

Th^ openiif^ of the Second Canto is the most favourable 9jp^^
tt^iSiM esfn ^e^ t of thid gentleman's talents iii poetry • of bbii'rs^
^ eXitetJ^ihfe fturth line of the fouipth stan»il

'' The sun has ri^en, the youthful blush of day

Laughs ru(fijf;narti%'i«tb life' "ag^^ ^

The feiry tinge-WfedrtSi^gdlffen f^ "' '^1 '

^i^{|^ WeUftiVil'^&i^

Waging ^^e9^^^SShk^^^VViP4Ai lo orjd o/^j tO
Calling to life duu trafiSc's busy train,

lal in the night again the noisy din be drown*d«
^'ncTtistibib atahii* yrmow vieul aiffj nsdV/ ';^39hni .3d al
'' Yes, day ! to what a thousand varied calls ^rj^.f

Is mankind jiWM|igiMkl»'thy rrasplm mil \ »

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How different too ibiy]^tf:w^'pp every soul !

8pin^ ever joy in thy benign control 5
J 'Yet othert stUI dttef^i fby ^fulgence .bright^ V * ^ *^
• ' '■ Such as would willitigly ftifest the poje, * '"

There to enjoy l demi-Veitr of til^ht } "'^ '^ '" '
. i' Th«y krve so mneh the Vlacky thf^y hate^iiito<ili;itfaie ligtl

. . *' Oh ! thou art pregnant with pncertoin turWf v./.oin

,; ^. So full of change — thy sun hath often fop^ ^ . ' j,.,.

On the fond fancy as with joy it bums, ' * ^ ,/\

Lost in the di:eary thought or drown'd by woe*, . . . ^
.^, , . O'^rcome by sad reverse, flie b9Som*3,bau9i T. . , , - ',,'
!^ "^ V ' How tedious roll aw^y the hoiiri to thos^j^^
Who, doom'd t6 linger out a lif^ of pain, .
Sustaining mapy.an ill, ^\isft ipany an ill dustaip. '

0!.' .thA
r.. a

' There are who hail thee ttrtK a heart bF gfce j ' '
Those who awjlit thy beam to make them 'blest \

J HI

Binding the Iov(*rs, setting ciaptlves free, ' •/..-.>. .q

ditiftg to each thnl something in the bre&$f, ' ' '' • - * ■'" -^
That lulls the feelihprs info happy rest} '' '' ■ ;'-' '^^^''^

JFreeing the ^lad'nJng thought from fell sifspet^e,* '" ^ -'""^^
Bestowing certainty, a welcome guest,' •'' ^'j •* J»>n"iir

Baising'emoiion^ that delight the sense.

Possessing sadness* place, and driving feorrovC- tK^6^r ^^''^'^-

''Butoh! to biiii who pinea in lonely cell . , . ^

Till thy short lapse fulfil his tragic fate^ . ,1 -i j > . ,i-i.i
How quickly does thy course his bosc^m tcU,. . :. .• j
. That life's career drawa tow'nte its final date ^ ... 1

Waking remorse's pangi but all too late, .< .

UntiVtbe hour arrive, 6h dreadful tboughut!. . • . .*

Afl ftiea remembrance bade to happver state,
< . How sinksihelraggardieya wilbxQadMesa fmil^^
; I . Hopekaa, .despairiiig atill,^ hA feels ^bal smihas wrpugfatj**M

' It is in the power of this gehtlemAnlo, acquire a.iiamc. ' *" ['^'Z

: Wjs'}iail.tb« effuwooB of ,tj^9^>gaiiani^.«(d4)i^.wlt»pa»fii^

«^i«f^tiQXh{i ftl'jgfin^li^plwMiMiny fiY^l4;4«flr#i;i»'^t]^fl>MtlsM
some of those hours whijBfeia)ia^;iqiiftivter«l Q^fM.JiiiikfiiUfi»f»iim
dangling after the prude, the coquette, or the courtezan, they
would confer additional cretfit on tnerr profession.

• iliee'e poemdpQfddesi «rfktle mWitjHWli^«'lK^^-8]^i{fg^
nious/: iHough, Aa^ the wriDer lnfo#fllis ufe; ^rlften ^^^atiid -tlifS -howU
i^.««^ye8j4idjaB5te45fi^lSre|^ .^^

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Art. 20. — The Ob^a^t^/cde$ij;ysin,M<mf^ii4ror a DonkejfTour to
Brighton. A Com^ i^enttim^nial.NQvtf. 3 ypU. i^u^o. Pp. 3^7,
282, 300. Slnipkih w4 Mai^^U. W15.

fi^ wfat«(9«£(this jiiit(et'(clfeioals setatlmcntalisl we uaddrstind)
Atrnishes \i^ with some fram^ents truly sentiaient£^-7-ji few h«»
mourous stdHcs— afljish or pvo of vrit--huddled together among
trite stories aild 'i^of pun^^ which but lamely serVe io eke out
three volumes. . • '

The story-^ploftKer^ i5 •notie-^liftracteri2e8 a middle-aged ba-
chelor just rtctoVer^d, ty the genial warmfh of summer, fjrom " a
winter of pain ah4 perplexity', fraught with rheumatic agonies,
successive colds, arid other cdticomitant evils, which ended in a
severe fit of the goUt.'* Hi nbw thought of a journey to Brigh-
ton, and 'h6'**'Ionged tb add one mbre'to the tnxir\Y iea-gtilh
who take wing and siport theif plumes thither." A horse was
necessary j but' he hfid not strength to mao^ge^ nor cash to
purchase one. Carriages were a temponury priso^i ^ and whon he
had half determined to perambulate 9. Sussex tour,. his formidable
crutches, like a couple of spectres staring hipv in- the face, quickly
dismissed that idea^ At length, alter much - cogitation, he deter*
mined to mount a donkey, whicl) was greatly opposed by his maid
Susan; he, however, persisted, by observing that there •\vere a
great many-a^ses at Brighton; and^ besides, it was the fashion.
On the instant he sallied out for Smithfield, and there purchased a
sleek, well-conditioned asd, which ; he ibviMl had already borne a
fashionable fair one, at the veiy place to which it was now tu
carry our old bachelor.
* This journey on as»*baek, w%h the ride? in the garb of a gen-
tleman, was the continual sport of turnpike-men, ostlers, and
bumpkins of ev^ry desoription. The taunts df the vulgar the
tourist little regarded, so Ibng as they did not attempt tcf dismount
him, of which he was in some jeopardy fitynr the tumptki^man at
Kentiingtoti, ^bo challenged him with hfrriug stolen tkt kss. it
was about^the time, we suppose, that a certain noble lord ftad
been robbi^d bf his children's iiases, and who had advertized a re->
ward for apprehending thertfaief. -However, as the marks de-
s«^i^H^,f9^ljbe%adye«ife4i^€9t*i^hiflh the ^Ipw >i#f«n^ <tf), ^4^/1
not 4uite talljr.:iivi|h tho^rp4^(A^^t^.be,wa«>4|ifferedao proceed.

Philanthropy and eood humour follow the stages of ''The Ob-
d^&t»t;FiNiese^kfA MNittted>^*<itl|ey4lih\^, Iti'iihtitiy )mndi' ttff^fAed
BEi'ttifoch/li^nliailwttt^ cliMgb' mm dii«^Uil; the fii^t i'M^k^^ff

Mvlds^^^J^Mtbditilltl i^lukr^tltoWUJMt.''' ^' ' iJ^oi

Ar^. 2Ar- J]^ .fowjra ^y*f<q^pA«.'j|fj%mwt/Awfr»t«iM«l K^rt To-
^l^^oiumi-liiMimo.A)f.fi.»t4u iSiSll^:n$iX9»k)A »>}dCov ,: li$|i^;rrGin

Av exitertainiz^|^'iAH6rft;fnf]kit;l^

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Aero romavces^ The ploti i^vgjii, nomaatic topvglL ipu^r^,
to the scale of probabiufcy. It contains a good moral, rridei.
perfidy .-ire subdued and punish^ io a most exemplaiy S](iaQi^;f
xieaderiog the concluding chapters highly iat^rrestiog.

Aar. n.^Zelucar^r, Educated and Uneducated Wimen. A JVboit.
dTols. Pp. 406, 344, 342. Baldwin and Co. 1815.

Of novels it has been alleged by some, that the greatest art m
fDomposing a good one is^ to know when to come to a denouempU.
jprom long observation we have seen, that in order ** to catch
folly as it flies/* tlie choi/ce of a name is no less important. Of
Jate years, the public has been disgusted with the '' Book/*r-*'' TH^
Spirit of the Book'*— '' The Book itself/'— the whole nought but
reiterated ecandahan mapuUum, Then, again, were we teazed with
Ihe ''Searehes of Ceslsbs/'-*-^' Sequela to Coeleiia"*-*'' Maitia^d of
CcBlebe," &c. &c. In some cati^penny titk pages, the miniiaaf
astabUflbcd writers, with some snudl devktion, Imve heen aiibitii
tufted. lA erder to make '' a worthkaa tele go down.'* In the jro^
lames before us a seemiug shift of thia kiml is reaotted to. Zfr«
luoa, may be supposed the twin sister of Dr. Moora-s eacalifl
novel of Zeluco \ though without 'Uhe tincture of a feature.**

The plot of Zeluca is weak ; the heroine, in the fi»t volome^ li
puerile, and frowacd, a tissue of bad temper and iiaaaiiable qiarii^
lies \ — in the last^ she is too much of a demoniae to deserve pity %
too glaring for admonition, aad unfitting for precept.

MISCELLANEOUS.

^BT.Q3. — 77^e Vaccine Scourge j coniammg the new B^gttr*§ Operas
alias the Walkerian Farce, alias the Lmidon Faccme Hoax. In
Answer to Dr. H'alker*8 Jeneric Opera. A Rodjbr a BooVs Back.
Svo. 1815.

A 8C0UROE for empirickd, and so br oommendable. The expoA
of such impostors, it is the duty of ^^Tf i^g^lar praetition^ t0
encourage— it is, in fact, the rescuing of life from firaiidulent and
tapacious handa. It has long been to ua amatler of aurpriee tlM
the Legislature, from seeakitt 4a Mwion^ looka with liidilfrreMa
upou^the plunder and massacre of mankliid bf the legiOM of
43uaekd, whd; Hke fonaticHi wMdn ili« tet iMlftf jmns, h$0a
Multiplied to a most dangerous extent. Eves ^milutAmn it pma-
iltu«ed to their peitHeat pucpoiaai fhgf pralwiil to foMdl cIm#i
fitable institutions, jin order to inveigle the fitiwaiy iato tMr
4*MdieSt who esd^^ (aa they caw^t pW ^ tUi i^liaiMel «il^
rtke Una of their last U^^eamed ahtMiiig.
;.^4a ataiasoie sayr|riiMay thst mUnimah 4b iwl aiirfiiliw li#l
«er« and enuUoate this ipeaiKm^eRri). Wahiwt eirfrtim |irgr<M

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dlen^ (are no8«JteK»l^ WWMM' (»i^ckt)b

Vanefdl set of men is sufier^djQjaca^r the seeds of contagion and

deaths without moleatatioD!

.l»qo^ K !>*>t\\o W \^ »^dom\ - /J r •' .^ ... ^ V- ' ■'' ' ' \ '■ : xaK

ul: or. TheJ^ifftery,qf Glmts,HohgopUns,Md

^^ ,_iftiqpe?; i«w^ a toZ&cf io» qjf' Entertaining ato-

li^. on Fiicf^ aarf selected Jot the Purpose of eraduiatingiHpj^

; hurt^Sl^ttol'&^ci^urage^JbT uiimt ofproperly examli^ing mtb \ht
. JP??i^* ^ sudi dmUrd, Imjbo&tlpnsr B^ Joseph ffAT^o|i.'^ 8v(^

VlvtilieMiiteieMliiiidnliay!<lhe InhaVntaats dt Qiieav BHtilll
iMuwyyimaJ^a'^PaiBine tovdiwIoBethp fact/ that the* storfei"^
lilldlwu ^Mi •diefr . iacntatidha are MiUloin. Bitt, tlioutti if*
sitelt ^nfin of svperatitibar bafiiienBtill to r«maitt ift irttf «nfb»ttil
iiA feUotr^taUect, let \Am, in'€dd s name, rsst bte \mi belief oi
lidmaHi».atip8rltfon book. ' r .!

All9v12fila4dEhi|«KK<» on the ^tady ofMmy vMh a Fw^ k> Ihe At(fl^

« sJif^mf^SAf^KnawUdf^y and a jusi Egtimate of hit InUUectual ant

Moral Fowen. Dnm md Co. 1815. ^

''^■■MHfini^BMiita aie not iiileuded for ''the tbofo^itlesa'iinifr
titode," the immoral^ the finvolous^ or profane; nor for wdl*
groonded, sincere, or consistent Christians, — ^but for a large in*
,Hijaiyirljm>^.j<fqrij^iqn of pmnas, who^ with ciilti9«ted Bnd^r
j|an<]i#0% ijiMi.ivell fttrRish^A nuods, are more apt tin reason with
f9MP«<nie(^; liMp Huy^tly |U».0he)i it^ dictalea* and who )Mifl7 on
to the brink of the grave, without caring to entertain any seiipus
^^^^l^y^y J^daii^ofJ^ For the benefif of

iaM ofj^eVspns^^hje^e humbly designed; a^d

J ];-AR3BX_^*^j^^^^ ^A 's^^'^jj' the^ajjpeal contamed in them m^

— ^: altogetTlCTjn.vai^. ,

^lH»<Vfii' >I'4W*I^ ««CI ?-r^r*^! c* '-»*-*t r-r . • <.M

for Infant Minds/') moiiJiliis*bimuirtlyr ghd ^Kgimiv «te^$tMtt»

tMWiliH>ilii<Wi Ilia iU« s <tf<<te»gwa>— ■ > - ••- < .^>:^
Crit. Rev. Vol. II. SepteitibtTf 1615. 2 T

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4bt. 27»-^4ii^ Answer to the CalyMiwpm, JMm^Tis$fntatip9U-.f^iil^

" QuarMjf Review,'* the ''British Critic,"* and the ff E(tinbyit^jk\

. Mevkw,'' contained m their Ob^ervfitian^ ^ Sir N» H'illifW^ Wrf^3M*if\

^Jiistaricul Memoirs of his Qwfi ^'i/fi^, Bif Sir N. W. WB,A,^i^i^,^

,.fiu^t/ Pp.63. CaacOl. •-.:... ."...Mrno

Sir Nathaniel William Wraxall, BanJtiet/ sc^ms h. tistjF;*
choleric sort of a person. Acutely sensible of -What he deems' Ms
own merits, and burning to sustain p. reputatioTi empirically ac-
qufted at the hands of an incautious public, he corned forwai^,*
like Sir John FalstafF, of blustering and'lticetiouy memory, as th«
champion of his high dignity, and avenger of the mighty wroiigs
which rash critics have dared to inflict upon it. Not content With*
having sinned ib publishing a farrago of nonsense, falsehood; alftd
calumny, — not satisfied with having insulted common sehse, ahd
violated common decency, — not alive to the prudence of submit-
ting pfitieat^ to the stripes and rqproofs which h^ hu^solf 2^a4
provokecjij — he is now so irritable aiwl indiscreet aa to rebel ag^ijpst
the ^y^rdiqt which has beftfi SQlemnly p|[pno\uiced uppq hiip^-^to
put on his literary panoply, such as it is, — and with recrimination
in his mouth, and a goose-quill in his hand, to go forth t6 1^he
field of combat; — thus aggravating his former offence, challenging"
a new retributive justice, and reminding his patrons of the delu-
sion of which he had made" them th6 victims. It is the part of a
wise man, when he perceives he has committed an error, to suffer'
all observations on the subject to pass by without notice, to keep
silent himself, and to mend in secret. But Sir Nathaniel M'llliam^
Wraxall, Bart, appears boastful of his mischances, ostentatious of
his deiinqueneies, and elated with his conviction, £170, fa«.iB not
arwise man. We would really advise Sir Nathaniel to place him-
self under the superintendance of some kind friend, whose duty it
should be to regulate his conduct, tame his petulanae, and mode-
rate his irrascibility. Such a friend would, no doubt, be of infinite
service to the public, as well as to the Baronet. And we only re^
gret that the idea did not strike Sir N. or was not suggested to
hiin, before his present unfortunate attempt. We have^ howevei;,,
done our duty in giving the admonition. , '

Atel*. ^.^Jh Outline of Mineralogy and Geology, int<MdUJor thk'

' Use (^ those who may desire to hoeome acqtminted ciffS th^ KlefhS^

of those Sciences, especially of Yotmi^ Persons, tllusitated by Four

Plates. By William Phillips, Member of the 'Oeolo'fiM Sdtfe^.

Pp. 193. Phillips. 1815.

, .1^ a preface^.written with much plainness and n^odesty, the au-
thor says, '' the motive for introducing this little volume tp pi^-
lipi pc^t^c^, (flight seen> to he isranting i^ it. were ngt ayoY^M., h^ is
tl^if :.,tl|ex^ js^^o eleojentary woi;k o^.,^p subject iit^e^lfracf^^^
•ur language J no book th^fc ^ .95t^9JiiaJj^d,.,l>x.i^,9>j?fP}igitjf^'

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Monthly CiiiiogtSi^MicelUMeou^: S5i

ff^bin frbiA' theory;, dnd from the sha^les imposed upon- «
ll^ncrfcjrthetinn^ieessarf ii^e of scientific terftis, to inrite hte at-
tentibn 16 the>c\fence3 of ttiineralogy and geology.'^ This we fiilly
subscribe to, Itnd add, ttrat had Ao motive of the kind alluded lo
prompted the publicaiion, its intrinsic merits tvould fei haVe eu-
titied.it to4Qyeet the pubUc ef e.

The elements of eacn science mentioned in the title {for the de-
sign of i\xe work reacts no further than elementary knowledge)
ai^/etplained concisely dAd luminously. No vague theories are
liroached, no fancifurdisquisition is indulged j— the book isj as it
profe^scA io be^ confined to matter of fact. And though the exr
perienced mineralogist a^d geologist cannot reap from it any nc-
oes^ioato his stock of infovmation, the scientific pupil may re^rd
it A9 a valuable auxiliary to. his researches.

/[kf. $9. — Outlines of ths Physiognomical System of Drs. Gall and

' SpUTzheim; indicating the Dispositions and Manifestations of th^

Mind. ByJ.G. Sbvrzhbim, M.J). Pp. 334. Bahlwin and Co.

Ijf our last we expatiated at considerable length on the merits
asddemerics of this celebrated system. After perusing the vo-
lume before us, we see no cause for changing our opinion ; and
eonteI^ ouraelves with referrioig the rc^ader to our critique already
publisfaied.

Aftl*. 30/— ytf Treatise on Watering Meadows: wherein are shewn some
of the many Advantages arising from thai Mode of Pra9tice, parti-

* leUlarty on Coarse, Boggy, or Barren Lands'; and the Method of per*
formmg the Work, Also Remarks on a late Pamphlet upon that Sub"

' ject. Illustrated with Five Copper" Plates, Fourth Edition, with
Additions. Pp. 134. Debrett.

'^His work is highly creditable to the industry of the autlior.
Mfiny Judicious observations have met our eye — the: utility of
i^ater me&dows is pointed out in a variety of ways — and the best
plan of irrigating lands are copiously and distinctly detailed. The
chapterSjUineteeiji in number, are arranged under appropriate heads:
Each, by its subject-mutter, may b« said to form a separate trea-
t^e 9 ^^t t^e wbple is so managed as tp preserve theapp^earance, and
is^^^i^of^than th^ appear^ance^ of;r(jg]4lar and natural conX^nen^ts.

,,We ^ve^oimend thi^ )v;oFk ^9 i^ ^ery^&alX o^ farmery and pr«i,c*
tical agricuUurista. . . , .. ;, -.^ ^

Art. Sh^-A Help to the Study of the Scriptures, designed to assist in
Reading them PtoJUahiy: " AtkiUgid' bj Ihc' Author.' Ptr.'dO,

'^S^el^y. * ■ ' ..-■... ,.-. . . /t -i M^

'f ifiis ^^bMp*' tt'lll be foundve'ry useful to* evci^ reader bf th^'
j^fe. THfe niles laid dowa are excellent, anfl" cannot fail t<^ fa-*
dOltiite ft'Ifii»)#ledg6 of the sacttd vohime. • . '\- • * '''

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Ash Pkl^ARlKG

I ^MlKPiri of MfiTtin l/utiwi;
ivith a full len^h Portrait of
jAmA .great Reformer } Irotn the
^large German Phot. A nes^
Edition, 1 ToL Svo.

Sermow, l>y tbe Rev. A. Alii-
ion, LL J>.,

/ Memoirs of llikeLife and Writ*
ingfi of Matha Laurens Ramaey^
Of ClttArleston^ South Caoolina,
edited I y David Rainaey, M.D.
fe reprintittgfrom the third Aoie-
rtcan editioii^ and wiU appear in
• few days.

BeveridgeTB Theaaninis Theo-
logicusj or a Complete System
of Divinity. New edition.

Love, Happiness, and Re*
VKoge, or Tales of Thsee Mis-
sions. By Rippon Porter.

Stephens's Greek Thesaurus.
ByA.r.Valpy,A.M.

A Treatise on Theology. By
Mrs. Luc/ Hutchinson.

The Works of the late Rev.
R. Cecil. By the Rev. J. Pratt.

Biographical Memoirs of Dr.
Matthew Stewart, Dr. James
Hutton, and Professor Robin-
son. By John Playfair, F.R.8.

La Nature et les Societes, on
Ariene et Gaulther. Par Joseph
Lavaller.

Manuel dn V oyageui; or Trap
veller*s Pocket Companion. By
Mad. de Genlis. Piflfh edition,
corrected, and greaiUy lm|>roved.
By P. A. Gignani.

A History of the County Pa-
^tinate and City of Cheater.
By George OmerDd>M A FJ[LS«
' A Oictionary of English Sy-
l^onime$. By Mr. Crabb.

Paris in July, 1815. By. W.
X)^F«Uowa>£sq.

A Pioltfnfu»f iltdly^ illM»iMl
with Ma|^ and Plattt.^ bjH^M*
same AuUior. • • '•*-'> ^J ^»fJ

An-in^pmve^ Sditton i^f ^ik
Beauties of Winsley Dale^ -trt*
Rural Contetttpiations, a P^^.

A System of Physiftlogioal
BoCany^ By the Rev. P. KtiUb.

Beemonsy DIsteriations, fir>
says, and PoeaH* Bf ^e Rev.
FVancis Wrangham,

OuUines of the Fbilo^plij!^
Life. By Sir P. C. Mofgitar,
M.D. ' '••

Bhan^nts 6f Ch«»ti8tr^. >By
Dr. Uenrj. . . . « 1

A Bristol Dillpensatet9^ ^By
S..Rootsey. ' *

Systems of Edacaill^tt. Bftk^
Rev. H. Butten. . I a

The Antiquary, a Novel. ' 1^
the Author of Waverly ahd Ouy
Mannering. -^

Cicero de Officiis; !br Stu-
dents at College and SchooU.

Ovidii Metamorphosis S^
lects. By the Rev. C. Bradiev.

Astronomical land Geograpl^
cal Class-Book for Youth.

History of KidlliDgton. ^y
T. Warton. *

A Grammar of the Ambifc
Language. By the Rev. «KF.
Usko. - - . . --■— -

A Treatise, oip the Iiaw of
Scdtltod, with r^d^ct toTythes
and Stipends of >lter Parochial
Clergy. • •■" =^ «'•/>» v/

The Wdrks of tfieilC^, Dr.
Sbarnock. Byftu^Jff^y^MvrKra
Parsons, ofLeeda^u > . ' ^ ^

The Genuine Will »nd )l<^
structioi^s bf C^ptdfe ^iaJX^>
field^ Major Cdrfi^l4,CaptaanjeH.
Curtis; wUhLettesfifMciJaiai

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83»

CorAeld, Attorney, Md^r J*.
Corfield, the FhUttftli^jlIt^ ' ^

ConTersatiQ|i5,. pn> tl^ PpticsUr
Advantages^ Pleatlures^ and Sbr-
t94¥«(^.theMatiiig>t.8tatd. .'In-
4m<M as •n AvtcompMutttedt'tD
the Letters lately pixblished t»B
4^ 9%ii)e«ttfasifeck ByJ.Ovhig.
•ton.

A eotrect TriuMlfttton of tbt
9i«tflyi«coxreQted PhanuacopidBi •
fg the Londctn CoUege of Pky^
mms. By Robert Reoce» Md>.
** lttie:NeW' Conspiracy a^amst
the Jesuits detected, atid briefly
filmed. ByRlCLDallafi^Esq.
: . ,A Sy^atem of Mineralogy . fit
ft. Jameson.

y:^A .Treatise on the Gstcfrict.
By J. H. Wishirt, Surgeon.
/.lEssi^. 09 tbe Morbid. Ana-
tomy of the Human Eye. 'By
#4m^ Wardrof^, F.R.S.

A Picture of Italy. By Mr,

y AnjApeount of the Mediter-
ranean.
- -The Fanarama of Paris.

TisB^ Light, and Shade. A
^iOem, By, Mr. Oompertz.

WaterlQp, and other Poemsw
B; Edw'^d L. 8wift, Esq. Bar-
fisteratLa^.

V . -CajppeDieBn» or the True Po-
JGcy of Europe with regai^ to
]fmil0e. f •
1 A, brief Sketch of the Causefe

^ 4be bigbPrloe of Grain in
^Tr^t Btftkih . By James Cur-

A Kew Practica! Course of
Buok^^eepiog. By P.ThM^o.
' A Comt^ehenslve Treatise' cMI
the Practice of th^ €riinltid
Law. By Joseph Chitty, Enq;
Barrister at Law. ^

An Extract Of the Jk>iirn^f' of
an Officer, late of the Bd)1efi>4
phoh, during the time Napo^leon
wasanBomd.

The Modern Stage, n faeiidA
Satire, with Notes j' contairtliig
Strictures on the Aetorg. am
DnBMUBstti of the. Resent Dif^
and brief Memoirs of theAtitllor
and hisFmrily.' ByG.Soame«
Esq. A.B.

Dinrnal Events, or the Akkib'
podes to RoBionce. < ^

Chronicles of an lUustriotis
House. 4 Yois,

TheiSoilsofStJDavid; a Cam-
brio- Anglo 'RomaAce of the
Thirteenth Century. 3 vols. 9yo.

Edward: by Dr. Moore. 4

Abhess of Vnlteria, a Ro^
mance : by Agnes Lnn caster.

Early F uds, or Fortune's Frot
lies: a Novel.

Romantic Faets^ or Mliich is
his Wife? 4tioIs.

Husbatid Huiitera I! f lyr tiie
Peer of ScotLitiJ. 4 vols. ■ v . I

WastaU's British Bible, Pai;t Vi4 j

' EiteyJon ifie MytKaioffv,'Thcain^K\
and Morals of th^iAhfOtiiU. By O. ^.

Kev. T. Fo#br:^k;Kf.A. F.R.S^ iSmo.
• A-'PaiwMiaV'Vrcai's RiTilsirk& d^

:/usT of N^\v PUBLIC At^oxis,' , ..;;:;

J. Court ; auU a»i Au:»wur^ ^y^l^o K^-
'j^acts aiiA Evui^uces 'Ui't'ie $ »'viec^

of tiic l>4lii>««. The Won^ ^JJiM^^Jf

• SicWdSkV-fcfii^s rroui sVrtpiuVMljs-
tory. By Mrs. HcnfyH<>ltt'.>' W »W.

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S34

List bfffSv PuhlicaHoris.

' Letters to Plijlo m Answer to KisOb-
jei uoi\$ on 1 aith and Wuikf. By (tie
Rev. J. Bertbiord » . .

lutroduciio^ wid Ke>' to tlie Foufr
Bo< . k s of Moses . By James Morisoo .

A $rt.eccl* oi the Deputies appoint^
to pi I itct the Civil Righu of tbepro-
te^iiaui Di»seut£r<>, .

Tiic True Spi i it of the Church. By
the Rev. H. Bathurst, LL.D.

Motives for J>ec!itoiiis the Invitation
to become a Member of an Auxiliary
Soinety to the British and Fore>«:u Bi-
ble St/ciety. By the Rev. Dr. Albanzit.

Some Remarks on the U«itai1aii 'Me-
thod of luteriiretme the Scriptures.
By tho Rev. Charl«^ DcMifoeny .

Address to the Protestaufs on Ca>
tholic Enmiicipation. By the Rev. W.
Thorpe. A. B.

The Woilcsof Wniiam MMMi,M.A.

CommeDtaries of the Atfairt of the
Christians before the time oi Constan-
tm«. By R. S. Vida), Esq. F.S.A.

Remarks on the Version of the Nt.w
T^tament edited by the Dnitariaiis.
By the Rev. E. Nares, D.D.

Review of Mr. Norris'a Attack on
the British and For;:ig^u Bible Society.

Moricy'd Discourses.

Sermon on the Duty of Men. By
the Rer. Robert Stevens^ PreU-'udary
of JLiucoln.

Sermon preached in Greenwich Cha-
pel.

Sermon to recommend the Waterloo
SabtcriptioB. By the Rev. D. Matbias.

Sermon preached at St. Edmund'b
Church, Dudley. By the Rev. Procter
Robinson, A.M.

Seniiou preached at Chiswirk. "By
the Rev. F. T. Bowerbank, A.M.

EDUCATION.

By 1.

>A Treatise on Arithmetic.

Cawer.

A Practical Treatise on Arithmetic.
A Key to Practical Arithmetic. A
Cyphering Book, by J. TliomsonjMan-
chester.

PeWn'a Grammar for Frenchmen
to learn English.

Exercises in Latin and Prosody.

Universai Preceptor. 'By, the Rev.
D. Blair.

Sy>»:ematic Educatioft. By the Rev.
W. Shepherd, the Rev. J. Joico, and
tlqc Rfv. Laut Carpenter, LL.D.

A new t^nivcrsal Dictionary for the
Marite. By W. Bumey, LL.D. Ma$. .
of the Naval Academy, Gospost, 4to.

Elements of 'teiierai Kno^edgv*.
1^ H«Bi]y i^ft|» 14^9.

philosophical and MatlieiQfaicjUDi^l
tionury. By Charles .HuttoDf^LJ^t-D. y ■

The Picture of Nature, c^lcixlated
for Voun^ r«rsonsw . *

A.Seleoti>)n pi Poems. cMffOfifi'
chieQy £or School^ »ndy<HiPff.)?(snoii%
Second edit. ; By J[. pottle. , ^ j^

Principles of Politeness for both.-
Sei^s.

Chconologica)» Biogn^pbicalj His-'
toricait an4 Mi^^elUneows JExefcisea
for Young Ladies. By W. Buller.

Tli« Art of WriUnff, a new System.
By G.B.King.

TheCAaAsicalG^Djeiy. . B^Tboqdaa
Browne, LL.D*

A Grammar of the Spanish, Porlu-
ruese, and Italian Lan^uajfts. By R.
WiiodhOusa* 8rD.

The English Learner, or aSdcctwhi''
of Lessons in prose aabd vsrse, ariapfiifl
to the Capacity of the yomiger Chuse^
of Readers. By Thomas Ew in ^, ISmd.

Pnendiy Laiwars, or Taiss «rul
Dramas for the Amusera<!nt and fti-^-.
structioB of Youth. Bv Lucy Peacock,
au|.hor of Visit for a Week, &c.. S yp\&: *
BIBLIOGRAPHY.

T. Ke>'s Catalogue of New and Sd-' '
cond hand E^ooks, Part I. In<^dfaig a
Curious and Rare Collection in varioQtf ~
Langua^es on if^ost Subjects of Lite-
nature, m Folio and Quarto, Divinity, .
controv^r,ial Writings, Medicine, Cht-
mistrj', Botany, Agriculture, ficr. Oc-
tavo & infra. ' Also a Li^of recent
i;nportations from Germany, Italy, auA
France, chiefly of Grammars, Diptioti-v
•ari^s, Classics, &c. *

Ander^Jon's CaValo^c of an wttn-
sive Collection of Books in Atkaiomy, '
Surgery, Medicine, Midwifeiy, Chfc^
mistry, &c. new and 5CCopd-hand, iQ>^
cludiiiff a Ntiluablc Assortmf*nt of Mfe-
dicat Works, recently i|npoirted fniii^
the Continent. To which is added a .'
complete Li«t of the Lectures deliver-'
ed in Loudon, \rith their Terms, Hou^
of Aftendaoctr, Sic, tor^tistbcT Tr5Tb Th- J
blcs ofthe Pay of the M^die?ttF ^emrr-'^
ment of the'Arnty, "Navy,- tosd Eist
India Company's Service. " ' , *;

WW^ ' ... ..' ,i

Reports argued and determioed in

the Court of.Bxcbequ^, 1816. %

fieoro^c Price, Escu Barrister at Law,..

Royal 8vo. Part II, ^ .V !

I'he Law o^ Auctions, orthe Auc«'

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%imaa^fi?^lMl^i^,^ By T. Wil-

The Iavh upon Aweli luf Wi^its o^^
BZiti^'fd'lh^ Aonse ot' Lords, 181S.
By 1^. 0dw, Esq; Barrister al Law.

^A'fM&UHal r<» th^ assistance of Ma-
Sifltratcti : byRobert Sbtittlewortk^Bvo.

^''Itimpl^rTrktKSC on the Game
Ijiitiii and Public aad PHvate Fisli-
«ries i by Joseph Chatty, Esq. Barrls-
w'&fLaw. " '

A General Index to the g;reat body
of 4>dmteon Law Reports, conftistiiig
of ikbuire 160 volumes, from Edward 11.
to George III.

An aceoimt of th^ Persons who have
taken the benefit of the Act for the Re-
lief of Insolvent Debtors under the
Acts 53d and 54th Geo. III.

|M[ja>ICINB A:Ni> SURGERY.

Observations on Strictures. By W.

'Klemcuuof Padiology and Tbera-
peotio^:* By C. H. Parry, M.IX

Reports of the Pestilential Disbrders
of ^Andalusia. By Sir James Fellows,
M.D.

//he Vaecme Scourge ; in answer to
Dr. Walkei^s Jenneric Opera.

Treatise on Poisons* ByM. P. Or-
fila^-dvo. ,

Minutes of Cancer. By S. Young.
8vo.

A Treatise on the Prevention and
Cure of Diseases. By H. Selima,
M.D. 13mo.

. A Treatise on the Diseases of Arte-
ries and Veins. By John HodsoUx
Surgeon.

The J^untarian Oration. By Sir
Wm. Blizard.

Observations on Fever. By W.
0&kes,^M/rg«oii.

t^reatJM oa Consumption. By T.
Youngs Jii.l!).titvo. ,

The Enemy of Empiricism.

jQf})f^YI^'9^ on. the Fever lately
prevalent at" Cambridge. By Thus.
Venney, Surgeon.

Obsfarvatiunt ou the Caustic Alkali
in Scrofula and other Chronic Diseases ,
By. Mr. Bran()ist»> Surgeon.

Observations onth«^Bill for better,
regulating the Medical Profc&sion as
fair as regards Apothecaries. By
Robert Masterman Kerrison.

mSTORT.
. The Bfeantics of History j or Pic-
tai^ of Virtue and Vice drawn from
"Real Life. By Richard NVoodbouse.

J^ Cursory View of Bouxdeaux. IJy

the Murgravme pt Anspach.*

Sketch of the ' History of Europe,
ByJ.Bigiaud.

History of the British Islands to the.,
year 1807. Bv the Rev. J. Gordon;

History of tho World. By J. Gillies ,
LL.D. F:R.S.

^ Account of the late Events in
Ftance: By Helen Maria Williams,

BIOGRAPHY.

Memoirs of the Lii^ of ibe iate
Richard Price, D. D. bylVm. Morgan,

Yan Ess's Lifeof BonaparUy No* 1.
with'Portratts. 7 vol*.

A BiogFtfphieal Memoir of the !«(«
Sir Peter Paf kef ^ Bart, killedin Action
white storming the Enemy's Camp
near Baltiaiorfl«

An Answer to the calumnious. Mis^
representetions 4»f the Quat«vty Re-
view, the British Critic, and Edin-
burgh RcA'iew, in their comment 9»
Sir Wm. Wraxall^s Memoars of hi»>
Own Times.

General Biography. By Dr. Aiken,
and Mr. W. Johnson. Vol. X. 4to.

TRAVELS, &C.

Travels hi Poland, Austria, Bavaria,
Saxony, a^d the TjtoI. By Baron
D'Akiauski.

Voyages La Basseet la Haute
Egj'ptc, pendant les Campagnes de
Bonaparte ; par Vevaut D(:uou.

POETRY.

Edinburgh Fugitive Pieces ' by the
late W. Creech, Esq. F.R.S. 8vo.

The J^xcursion. 4to.

Poems, including Lyrical Ballads,
8vo.

Poems and Odes on various Subjects,
by a Student of tUe Inner Temple.

An Heroic Poem, to commemorate
the glorious Victory of Waterloo ; by
the Author of " The General Post
Bag, Rejected Ode«," &c.

MISCELLANEOUS. ' "* '
'the Pamphleteer, No. XI. contain-
ing :—l. ^^^. Van^Htpir^'s Speech in
the Committee of Ways and Mcan^,
1815.-tI1. The Budget for 1815 ; by
the same. --411. American Eui:roach-
ments on British Eights, byN. Atohe^
sou, Esq.— IV. A brief Account of the
Jesuits. — V. Report from the Cpm-.
mitCee of the House of Commous-on, .
the Laws relating to the A|Ssize pf
Bread. — Vl. Au Inquiry iii^cj the g\|i^/
of Price* in Europe, by A; Youiig^ l^^q.

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Cofntpendmce.

— Vll.lVaiislaticn of M. de Constant,
OD the Liberty of the Press,— VIII.
Sir. H. B. Dudley on the System of
Tythes in Ireland. — IX. Report from
the Coinmittee on Madhouses in £Dg-
hmd. — X. An abridged Statement of
the Leadhig Transactions of the Bri-
tish and Foreign Bible Society.

The Classical Journal, No. XXIil,
contjnaed qaarteri^.

A new and practical Course of Book-
kmingy in which Double-entry is
lendercd intelligible to all Capacities ;
and Singk-ciitry, by being approxi-
mated to Double, is made to posses*
•fnal proof «nd certainty of coiroct-
■ess; by T. Tboreau» Accountant.
IjQng4to.

The Naval Monitor, containing many
mseail Hinto for both the Public and
Private Conduct of the Young Gentle-
men in,or entering, that Profession, in
all its Branches; in the courseof which,
and under the remarks on Gunneiy,
are some Observatibns on the Naval
Actions with America. Also a Plan
for improving the Naval System* as it
regards that most useful set of Petty
Officers, the Midshipmen ; by an
Officer in the Navy.

Cicero de Officiis, with English
Notes, Critical and Explanntoiy. The
text is taken from the best edition.
For Students at College and Schools.
Duodecimo, bds.

New Picture oTthe Isle of Wight ;
^y W.Cooke.

Repository of Arts, Manufactures,
Snd Agriculture.

A Series of coloured Views in Ire-
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The TniTeUnr's IVew Gotde ttuoagk
Irclaod.

Dugdale*8 Monasticon Angttcanum.
Editio ; by Henry EUis, Esq.

Apparitions ; fay Joseph Taylor, 8v».

Tne Cuiloden Papers.

A Treatise on Decorative Printing ;
by W. Savage.

An Essay on the Nature and Action
of the subterranean invisible PMple»
Elves, Faunes, or Fairies ; by Tneo-
philus fasalanus.

The Ninth Annual Report of the Di-
rectors of the African Institution.

Elements of Conchology; by thtf
Rev. E. I. Buno.w, A.M.

The Report of the Select Committee
of the House of Commons for fhtt
better regulation of Mad Houses.

Select Rqp^rt of Dkectoa of the
African Institution.

Rivington's Annual Register.

An Address upon the Necessitv of
promotiu«; the Education ot the Poor
in Ireland.

Illustrations of English Philology z
consistiog of a Critical Examination •€
Dr. Jobuson's Dictionary ; 1^ Charles'
Richardson, Esq.

Tho Political aud Literarv Observer ;
or Strictures on some of the moH
respectable Reviews^ No. X. To he con-
tinued quarteriy.

A Series of Popular Essays; by
Mrs. E. Hamilton.

New List of unclaimed Dividends a*
the Bank of England.

An Introduction to the Study of
ConchologViby Samuel Brovks, F.LJSb

Essay on Bashfulness.

A Translation ofBraetm*s TVeoHse, " De Legihu et CmsuHudmOuM AngHa,**
^ a Member of Lincoln's Inn, is m consitferab^/orwmnbuis. The iegmi Profes-
sion tnay therefore expect very shortly to kejfnU mtopossessiosi rftke^^^ mtsdon^
ifersUm of that vaiuaOlework.

TO CORRESPONDENTS,

Our respected correspondent of Tooke's Court may rest asaur^
that his favours will be speedily attended ti». The only reason
why they are not noticed in the present Number is, that when
they were received, all the work, with very trifling exceptions,
was composed.

Mr. Eaton's Note has been laid before us. In answer, we beg
to observe, that we have not the slightest knowledge of the book
in question. We have made every inquiry of our predecessors^
and can learn nothing of it.

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'' TIm CitmcAi Rbvibwers tre for supporting the Cottstitatton, both itt

** The Critical RbView is done upon the best Principles."— (Dr. Joktmn*
Pide Atf Cmference with the King.)

Vol. IL] OCTOBER, 181 5, [No. IV.

Akt. I. — Authentic Memoin of the Life of John Sobieski, E^ng of
Poland. By A. T. Palmbh. 8vo. Pp. 304. Longman & Co«
1815.

ICottdudedfrom p. 240.]

Xn the beginning of May, 1672, Sobieski arrived at Warsaw.
Six months had elapsed since the demise of Michael, and no
sooner was the intelligence of that happy event diffused through
]Sur(^e, than six of her princes became eager to stand as can-
didates for the vacant elective throne. They put forth their
pretensions through the medium of their various ambassadors^
put it appears that of these high- titled persons, only two^
prince Charles of Lorraine, and the duke of Newburgh, re-
c^ved encouragement sufficiently strong to induce them to lay
their kingly merits before the judgment of the Diet of Election.
The claims of prince Charles were, from enmity to Sobieski,
fupported by the Fazes, particular! v by Michael, the Lithua-
idan Grand GeneraU The duke of Newburgh was supported
by France and all those Polish nobles who held in just appre-
hension the influence of* Austria, which would be so greatly
strengthened by thq election of Lorraine, a German prince,
and whose marriage with Eleonora, Mlohaers Queen, and sister
of the • Austrian Emperor, Leopold, would necessarily intro-
duce into the councils of tlie Kepublic, a system of politics
which would render Poland subservient to the selfish views of
the cabinet of Vienna. The intrigues of these contending p3X^
fiea for a throne, which neither was worthy to fill, occupied the
fittention, and distrapted, the secret deliberations of the nobles.

" Such was the posture of affiiirs, when, in the beginning of
Ulicy, Sobieski reached Warsaw. - It was the firM timeof hii ap^
CwT. Rbv. Vol. II. October^ 1815. 2 U ^

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469 Jftifei#V I^^M^tMHikirXmi qfifHand.

the ooble^andotfr with which he had pleaded the^<:aU9^ o^ fce^dpi^
when last he fill^ hi^ statioa.in the diet : of thi^.f^qipvatj^ ^on*
fideoce in her owA ytreiigth» which he had iaipai;ie9 to thj^ repuV
lie j of the apprehensions which had a^ain assailed hid aA'diUil^
when Sobie^i ho longer* spoke to animate their iTitfting cotrragei
df the anxiety with which they had seen him^ de|ra(rt fifiitriMted
witli the last resources of his sniiering eoiiott^) 4m kia diSk«dt
•nd dang^roQs enterprize ; of his fmrtitade and «nshttk«&|iev0e*>
in^funde. lb the great cause he had undertaken ^ and^ fin^By; iSkm
^HoTiQU^ victory by which he had more than redeemed his pfedge
to Pohind. '.^7..

^^ With such acknowledged claims to the gratitude of his ocmntry,
if. IS not surprising that Sobleski was received with a pomp
scarcely inferior to the triumphs which were granted to the victors
of ancient Rome -, apd that when he had tcJcen his place in the
dletj. and listened to the arguments adduced in favour of each
candidate^ the deepest attention should have been excited when
he rose to deliver his sentiments on a question of such vital im-
portance to the republic."

In energetic terms he displayed to them the necessity "dT
electing to the throne a mqn whose strength of mind and
kno\^'n military talents pointed him out as its fit occupant, and
yvhose personal and-aelf^derived merits far outweighed all the
adventitious claims of m«e rank, and the vulgar prejudicea <if
birth. '* In a crisis like the' present, the Ottoman on the eve
of attacking our frontiiers, Poland demands a prince of geriioi
%t\A a warrior, capable of sustaining her interests, of preservmg
hfer glory. The princi of NeWburgh is a stranj^r to atrfivs,
Charles of Lorraine is & hovice in war. But one inim anl I
ficquainted with worthy the choice of the Republic, and whose
flection would at once prove our respect for his great, though
unprefered, claims, and place the security and renown of our
country beyond the reach of chance. That men is the prince
4eCo8dd, whose .feme Burgpe acknow^dgc^s, ai)d whose ac-
tions 9re his best pleaders: for the station to which I assert and
defend his pretensions."

> The efi-ect of this dechoflatibn'of Sobieski on thk mind of the
Ptet Was Biich as might be najturally exp^tiifc- • Tfce patriotism
khd'disirtt^restedhess df the iHtisttlOto ^pieakc^ made ft Profound
ithpression on his hedrers ; to ^H th^ qtmHlSes *ie hid described
^1s royfil dnd aged friend to jio^sess, tli^ "^n'embers of the as-
tfeihbfy he had addressed could riot "but be setislble he himself
jj^iaed ^l)^^,,vi{hicb ))^cuUarly recormnendecl buoQiself a9 thefi^iis
most pippex to tie elected to the Vacant tixroni^Tr'^ ^avioi^r^

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WlKM^^WriKlt; Ihe -^fukng^ of >hkr^6ttoiS'Md^#e> fi^uent^y

Sustained ^hetMt^ing edifiee cf thestatt^, aM ^olke tthatn^-

' llous demekiioui', in the moment of vietorr^ ^oly aifhotinqed

• fi soul too gfeat to 'value power, otherwise than as it tnlg{^

• kierease his means of serving his country. Then, too, .hjs
te<y>inA|iendaUan of De Cond^ at a moment when the whc^e
.Hfsombly anticipated a covert allusion to, or open afdvancemeat
'O^his own clftifiis, impressed them with a deep sentiment of
admiratioii. These feelings on the part of the Diet "were
farther confirmed by Jfablonowaki, Ptiattne of Russia^ who
«aid : • . . t c

" lliat if in flieir cTioice of aking they were to be opnfiDed to
. the prmces of Lorraine and Newburgh, it was immaterial ori
which their election fell, since they had nearly equ:il pretensions
to their favour^ neither of them having hitherto put forth mora
than blossoms;-^but that it was fruit for which tiiey should seek;
. that on this principle iie should not hesitate to gijve his «uffirage
to the great Gond^^ were H not that Uruit which ts jtoo ripe must
a^on decays that Sobieskij in proposing thai prince^ co/ibiderod
^nhr his heroic qualities :-7-but, for himself, he could not over-
'ippK his age, his infirmities, or the habits which he had fprmed.
Accustomed to a different climate— mode of warfare — manners
and laws — alike ignorant of the language and the constitution of
JPoland — * How,* he asked, * could ijC be hoped that a prince like
tthn, who must have imbibed all the ideas of arbitrary power,
tcouM acquire the new prineiptes of a free government? or that,
iladen with: years and infirmHies, he covid again recover the vi-
.f^r»of hiabrigiiterdays? Sobieski,* pursued the palatkie^ ' turns
'irom iiimself to /Contemplate the .blase of glory which gilds the
jri^in of this Jt^ecp: but is liis ofrerlooking his pwn great claims,
^ adequate esRcnse- for our forgettmg them } )n resolutely eau-
i^uding a native from the throne^ shall we not reflect disgrace o#i
.,our count,ry 1 ^e assured that if our ancestors have uotjoftener
elected one^ it was' because among so many subjects of equ^l
merit they were Fearful of exciting jealousy. But in th^ present
Instance this plea cannot be urged, since Poland possesses one
^son,' whose' transcendant inerit placM him above competition.-^
Behold iiim in person before you !*«edtlc«led among us in th^
"same principles^ and) imbued wiUi the same senthnents. How
•dtenhave.vtre pnifttedby hia talents in the senate and the diet!
^low often Ueen kd; to victoty Moder his banner ! His age, Ua
.health, his vigomr^ hia geniuf* and his fortune, all loudly, plead
.in his behalf J or rather in behalf of t]^e ^puntrf to.wbicb Wfi
are bound by duly, ^ut above all, his many claims to ovr gra-
titude and acknowledgments, let us remember that it is to nim
Sve are indebted for the liberty of sitting here^ to dispose in free-
♦dota of our crown." ' ■ • . i

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t iMomm^ mased. << Loug iivb Soivbmu'' Inm^jNiHithfe
Diefir-Hkp«tif0» casUUaDs, palatuie8,iiobl€i9f«iHipe(^>iiiU'PiiH
: took of tbe ^Qtbttnasoi which wpiimated the inovrs« Aa attmipt
.at oppoiitioa on the part of the Pazes i^aa speedily frustnitfydl ihjf
the add3*es9 of prince Radzivil, Sobieski's brotherrio-la% and
Vice-ChaDcellor of Lithuania, and on the followiQg^4BgF S^
..jbie^ki oacended tbe throne of Poland by tbe.styte. aad ,titfe of
^OHN tbe Tai^>. / j

. The whole- nation was seiaed with a delirium. of joy as^ aoon
rifs it was known ^tbat the Hero of Cboczinit the .proicyv^^f
«^{s country, was invested with the rc^ dignity^-^a^^igiuly'.for
/wbich he possessed every necessary requisite ;-^if his ^twifil
fqimlities be -consideredi we shall fiqd that hia person was. east
,in the finest mould of manly beauty— *a lofty stature, Umba
riuU-formed and nobly fashioned^ a face in which regularity of
.featujre was enuoUed l^.tiie vivid emanations- of, a glorious aqd
^ganerous ^irit, tempered by the expression of native benevo*
Jeneeand acquired diacretioa*-v-eyes clear, full, sshI serene-p-^
•eeuntenanee, in fine, whose general aspect spoke tbe language
.<»f mildness and majesty; — the temperament of an angel, the
, dignity of a sovereign ; — a sweetness that conciliated every heart,
.and a stateliness that repelled all insolence of approach^— sucb
were the exterior attributes of John the Third : nor did the qua-
lities of his heart and head belie the favourable prepossessious
crea|;ed b^ such an external. In conception grand, and ardent
'in execution^ wise in council, ^d daring in the field; patient
^Of Ib^dship^ toil, and privation ; careless of we/^th, but itvan*
..laipus of renoiyn.; te^ermuiiig his ancestors, but prcud only of
iiimself ; tlie throne he filled, he deserved i to have been a he-
reditary monarch, it is evident, would have afibrded him no plaa^
sore, but his heart must have swelled with a noble exultation at
'the self-earned and legitimate sovereignty to which be was elected
"by thc'gfatefal enthusiasm of the nation, fhe regal dignity
opened' an am pljer field for the exercise of his virtues, his talenta
— ^and therefore he prized 5t. ' In the condition of a subject, h^
had supplied the defects of the sovereign ; invested with the
' sovereignty, he thought, spoke, and acted but foe his subjects |

* as a private citizen, the envious opposition of his equals t^utooce
' irritated him to the prejudice of Poland; as her king, no von
. stance occurs to shew tihat he was actuated by b Vmdictivenesa

* ofmetnory; John the Third* remembered 'not rtie Injuries of
Sobieski. To allay dissensions, 'tohanrmoT^ize the Various par-

. -tie^ pf bis^ oounti^ into one, and inspire evf ryf^ti^en with that

.^1« feeling.wbich thrUled every nerve of his own frame, which

glowed in the dreama i)f xugl^ as ia the deliberations of d^f j

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\

\

iXiAtwIidh^i^Tfendaffaiy him -fawMUfffnt t^^M^r-tiAig but di»
^nOAtf^tUHi «^eadoiir of -PMaady ipooU 'iiav# ^ovoed Mm to
yIeM(thefthc0De lathe? thbtt comprMniie «Mier; tbiftwat Ms
mm^ die«bj<ct-th«fe l^r in the ianerfntoftrfoM of bi« hovt, mA
> to effM^t ^hidi lie ivas eager to saerifice aibpsnomd^ all minor
UNftiaidenAloHs..

^ 'Tbe>jeido«i}Hb«m» by UiePbzes totwaids tbeir^htie eqwl tvta

by no means diminished by his having become 'Aeor aolrerwgn*

"They, by their intrignes, procmed $ach conditions to be in<»

leerted'tttthe Poeta Cmtventa^ or Charter of Public Rights^ (an

•kistniment-whieh it was impeiative upon the king-tlcel to sign

'Iwfore be could exercise the royal functions) as not merely

tendedto the unjust .circuraaeription of the regal authority, bat

^'nfaned a malignant blow at the affections and domestic peace 6(

^ John : but when on the noble declaration of their sormign ki

'iiiil diet, assembled to hear and ratify the Patta ComenUip

that, having inspected his fiouices, he Iboad them inadequatf

to- the support of the army for six months, (an enjfagement he

had voluntarily taken upco himself on the day of deetion) thft

nobles as magnanimously released his Majesty fix>m his pnn

muie, — at that moment, so favourable, they thought, to their

^jeets, the Pacta CotiDcn^a, as they had* it pv^av^, bdilg

ordered to be read aloud, when the olfensive elauses were resMl,

|be King started from his throne^

^' You have chosen me for your king, but remember I hm
pot yet accepted the instrument of election which alone ratifiee
the compact between us. Be assured that ratber than subscribe
'to your insulting conditions, or subniit \6 fetters which my predb^
eessork would have spufnied, I reject them and the crown to*
gether."

. . 7be lPa2es were overawed by his Majesty's decision 4>f
. speech,, the obnoxious ponditioDS were' withdrawn, and on the
. 5th of jun^, 167^9 the king, in the great church of St. JobJi»
, accepted and signed the Pacta Conventa.
. . Still the rite of ooronatipn was nepessary to enable his M^«

Iestv tQ assume the f^xercise of sovereign power, but Jahn^ who
lad heard of the re-capt^ire of Cboc^im, by theTufks, and wm
" apprehensive of (heir making farther progress during his ah-*
.*aence, determined n^t to^wait for its ppiform4pce^ but to join
' the army immedia,tely. The., Diet ackiiowl^iigea this act^.of
disinterestedness by qw equally noble^ . .,

'' The law which barred the king-elect from newer was abro^
.]^ted In tblB pttrttenlar case ; and the'Ve^ of §obies&l was ik«
9ieedt9 tiays ooquneueed with his eteelion/*

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9» JMMh^t^W^fJf^i^SblM^

jBapitai eviBeed H^ ji^hfeMfes of liiB dispo^itkm.- 'ln\ll»^iMfh
.«f Casimir, piMioe tLobcmiirBki* bftd riten in ttrmfS again^ tfttt
ttOQWch'&inMtigeinent of liie conetitotion; %iit IBot^l^ iSdHk
etkt, in virtue of hi« office, was cotnpeHed ttt oif Jk)**' f of ccf 16
force, he nevertheless could not bat morally Kpdrov^ Hl^
,ppifko«'s enterpfize* , At this period the fMier ^«as'dead^ttt
the son was living, andiHi him Ihe Jiing conferred- Ihe digliily
x>f Gtaod^Marsba^*

Whrnvthe Poste lieard of Ac ascenrion iyf'8«yMeskb'to4he
tiupone of Poland, antiripating an immedittle'renewBrof %o^lill^
ties, they dispatched large bodies xtf troops to the Vkrailoe, aild
s^t ordcts Jto the Tartar Khan to take the 0eld. John har*

' higjcmied the army, was yet prevented from conunencing hfs
bperations till September, by the jealous, rebellious we shpukl
rather say, delay of Michael Paz. This conduct, however, he
jpassed over, and other marks of that officer 4 disobcjdient mr
clination he treated with the same magnanimous indilFereno^

. apprehensive of creating by his punishment liiose civil dbsen-
Aions which Juul akeady been the source of so manyeviia^

• Poland. Pae, with: his atmy, having at length arrived, Jokka
advanced inte the .Ukrai-ne. He foand the countiy desattfd^
The Cossacks, equally dreaditig Im resentment and 1)ie frottt^
tion of the Turks, fled to Russia. Bar, Nimirrow, and Katnf^^
fell into his power, and his generous behaviour to th^ garri^oti
of Pavolqc n^iade so potent ian impression pn the inhabitaut^'y
.** that, to a man, they returned ito the interests of Poland**?
jHis lieutenants had been equally successful ip other part^ and

' jibe completion of his design w^ .o^y iqtemipted by the- obr
stinacy of Paz, who alleged ^^ the severity of the seaSon> an4
the scarcity gf provisions,^' as the reasons of his rptum lK><Ii^
Ihoania with his army. The royal remonstrances were vm»

'The Poles pressed the king" to arrest Paz and his principal
officers 5 but John, govemoJ by the mO^ves we have Utttwif
Stated, curbed the irritation which he felt, and pTacing' part ot
his troops in garrison, wintered at Bracl^w, for the doublft
pm^jose of preserving his frontiers frpm^the inroads of the

■ Tartars, tind of being able to resunie thie campaign on the en-
suing spring,

}n April a^ ^^in took tf>e £dd, isepc^redk) Leppol, placcA
1^i§ hem^it^ry castle of Zloczow to a. state of defence, sue*
ofM^dedia proeurtng some fteib^ levksiroai. the diet, exhaustedl.

gif fl i|HW*lll'l, I

# temirlaft'Kim^^

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«iiiMff>i4^4rJMii^jSiM^ air.

>ii^ ^ppnuawnuM^ t9fdied» aad eftlM4n va()i^ cm tbtGhmyan
l|<riai/i<fl>yr^Inoe»of JEUirope for m4 )» the ttBeqaalMntttH hs
>qp«9 abaiit cto- wage> «uid vmted for die«neiiif ai Leopoly tte
•maUntss of his army^ fifteen thouaand menr rendering kiBBpril*
^nt to venule into the tracts occupied b]r their almost ionu^
93ieera)^le for^ea.. The result, which we shall give in Mr Palmer's
f^|oc)um)jt, language, was glorious even beyond> perhaps^ his owa
^p^)^?u<^^^P^tations.

^:^A^ "Jiaip^t^eA -withaut the kwg*s having perceivied anjr demon*
stroliM of, the Ottoman's appMroaeh$ wheoj tq his astoaiahmien^
^ learned that Ibrahim, declining to advance tothe.encQiintei^^f
Sua little army» had poured his immense forces into the.IJ;kraHie»
aivl yras idly employing them in laying siege to Human,A^pl#09
of comparative insignificance. Sobieski, highly elated at thi^
intelligence^ infused new hope into his soldiers by assuring theni
that, from this specimen of the seraskier's generalship, he foresaw
tlifey should give an excellent account of him and his army before
^ Uie dose of the campaign.

i*^ Had the judgment of Ibrahim in any degree equalled his
atrengih, it seems impossible that any human power could have
iliCieUed the republic from the thunderbolt which Kara Mustapha
ba^ prepared to hurl for her deatructiogas but happily his represent
tatkve posaeased neither the, capacity nor tb^. skill requisite to the .
eSecti^ly aiming the intended blow. After a waate of fifteen
days in the siege of l]uman, the capture of which was principally
distinguished by the savage cruelty exercised on its inhabitants,
he marched his army into Podolia, where he employed it in taking
Boteession of neglected and ruined forts, chiefly as it should seem
for the pleasure of indulging hfs ferocious passions, by impaling
the unfortunate victims whom he found there.

*' At length, flushed witli what he considered as glorious con-
qnesta, the seraskier resolved on the immediate annihilation of the
king of Poland and his little army. Yet by no means desivoua of
iui4ertaking that achievement hin^elf, he sat down with fortf
Ihooaand men tp besiege the fortress of Trembula, while he diSn
tached Nourariin^ the Tartar prjbce, at the head of flfty tho|iaand
qavalry, to attack the ro^ forces; eiuoining him to .mark bi%
pat)i to Leopol, by scattering^ oi^ all sides destruction and death.
Nourddin willingly acc^ptea the commission, boasting that b^-.
would bring back to Ibrahim Sobieski his prisoner.

*' He performed his devastating march to Leopol With 'i^ttcli
ivpidity, thlit no rumour of his approach had reached thePolish
army, when Ibe Tast^phikis which girted the foot of the hills thaif.
pBftly «urvound lieopk lauddenly peesented to the king a moviny
mass of steel, and informed him that the moment was at hand
cf wbieh- he- had been ao- 4opg4n' expectation: Resolved not to
await tb* ^**«ck '>f *he er^.^;v^in]}if.camp, he led his troops to ani

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disposition olfthe roles, >vnb/guided and animated by tam King,

pyj?r RUnjgera^. Ijn<|;Qn ^j^lipusand of the^eft^^ny jj^^^J^ecj: jyi^ ^
remaii;iae^, p\th !ffpura(iip^ fiaVoured by .the^^f^WijeM^of ji^tf^^
pijide 0Qii; pay ba^'lto lljir^h^nj, to fill him with rage ^arilOpJ^
p^tio<f^t.J,lfe,cJjsapp,Qi^rQeii^^of , , , , i^^,., ^,^. ^ .

|^Xhei^rtfn€»iion&of^^ ^eraskier didnot,nowey0r«i^rtDHiati'
]^§^e/ , !^ffle^ alike ii> hia ^Uempts to get possession Q^ t^iK for-
trq^f ,^ stratagem or forc^, ne wf^ suddenly strucic wkh W<^ii)!h\
tnent ty tbe iuf;elU5^nce^ th;^t the king of Poland, with his TictCK
rurfps little arn[iv w^s in f ijlj marqh to Trairtbula, for th^ relief ^
tii^ brlive gArri^n^ The cjoiiifitmation of this event sooB aftdri h^
tlie seizure of ja peas^t V^ ^^ *^^ bearer of a letter from Sp-^j
iii^&kl to tlie goverhbrj! {jlted lbraiiin> with so much con6ternatil;>p^
that be precipTtfJtely nusefl'ih^ skge, and repassed the Jarow wit|t
^put half his W,^j, ^ ^^!^ re^i^inder waa intercepted by the cele-
my of the kTn^;i(^oy^m^ and compelled to an engagem€ii|^
ipj wh'jch, a^W^diiolifUnaie resistance^ the Ottomans fatally «f^
j^fip^ctiA^j'f^^i^ general, the bravefj <>4|(

troops^ <*kn aV^ 'tittte^ '^ttiose very' vetelrans who had been .i^ok
djftomed to victory under the baiiiiers of Kiuperli, de8titate>of a*
ca,r|irnander to direct their efforti^ , w;epe quickly thrown into iK^fi
cpv^nible disorder, kndf-lrouted bjr'ani'ci^e^andful of Poles. E'igU^
tbopsi'^hd vvqre iakeh orlciUed^ anU the remainder fled for eai^W
fp'^d^inieck" ^^' " . • < ^ ^ ■ i^a

, ^* ;5iich was the general panfc created among the TurkB hf^
treses j^nal defeats, that' the regiments which had bee li left by^
Ibj^abiifn ^o garrison the places lieliad lately taken in the Ukxaf tiflT
an^P^oJioHa, Voluntarily evabuated Hem, and joined the relnn^'^

''^THeYUiiig, happy in the b^pprtun^, which his successec
oftefedtiim to give repose to his*barasj3e| jtfoops, now ik*nt . ChoBLl
Int^jWi^tjerjquarterB, and set outhlmse;lfl6^3l0^^^b^^^ Kis^

iavourile se;^t of^Zqlkiew, whlcl^^^ desfepdpji^ frqim hi*..

xAiternfel 'grandfather the ilTiistriC^§j^ ;^ :*A

f^MiimMUttii^itk^^ii^hAc^^^^ <^ {its people cmlfedt

mitii^mi»m'^\tm^ into tU

heart fit '

s

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IHKI'IMIhbW iiH^ed k!$ coiintry froiti 'raVaiiM) iira sfloHy IMlk
iiearljr vimftiiated tbo^ verjr armies that it the openidj^ Of ' ftt
ttui^pkh^' threatened her with st^bjugation ai^drwi* '

^ ^ ft wds under the pleasing inftoence of these sentiments^ ^t
1^ l^oles received their monarchy after an abeence of eighteen
jnbnths; af|)eriod which had be^n {mssed liy him in the sacrifice
dF every personal consideration to their welfare. The general
joy was proportioned to the impbrtant benefits of the result -, and'
me day (Jl ms coronation was fixed for the $d of February, 1676.
* '* lliough a considerable opposition had been elicited by the
llneinies of Sobieski in the diet of election^ to his wife sharing
with him in a solemnity necessary to entitle the queens dowager
df l^oland to a jointure from the republic^ in the present temper
"bf the times no one ventured to resist the avowed wishes of the
kiiig« that she should be crowned with him ^ and preparations^
were completed at Cracow by the a|)pointed day for the double
<Jeremony.

' '** In Poland the rite of inauguration wsis alwm preceded by a
iolemnity well calculated to prepare the mind of the new monarch
Ibr the sacred compact he was about to ratify wi^i his people. It
was that of his assisting in person at the obse<})fie8 of bis preJe^
ciessor.

" '^ On this occasion he, on foot, led the funeral proce^ion, at-
t^hded by all the oncers of state, the deputies, axiul the ensigns^'
carrying the standards of every palatinate. Next to these were
bome— pointed towaids the earth — the crowns th^ sceptre, ^
l^obei the sword; and other ensigns of Wfjt^^y which were iio^
mediately followed by the embalmed remains of the deceased
monarch, whose hearse was surrounded by U^e bishops and other,
dignitaries of the church. The procettion was closed by the^
several companies of trade, hisure- footed^ eac^ company having'
fin ^inpty comn borne before it, as admonitorv of t^ certain close
bf aQ earthly views. On reaching the catnedr^ the* marshals'
btdke their staffs, and several other officen the insignia of their

Csis, over the tonab prepared for the deesased king, as an i(E>*
Qwledgment that with his authority thein had ceasied.
,'* It is a circiin^si^ce worthy of reoMfk, that it fell to ih^■
Ift of Sobieski, th^ day prior to his conmatipn, to assist in QU^tf
of king-elect, in comimitting to the grave the body of Casimir^
with whose ^lev<)iti'on to the throne had opened. his own pfli^piic
career, and thut of MichaeWfrom ihe fatal consequences of wi^Ppa.
imbecUe reign, his single ^nius and iiiishaken fortitude ha4 af^T#4''
the republic. ' m

" " On the day succeed!^ these mournfal rites, evtry object pfp^^
sented an opposite asjflect in Cracow. The sabl^ garments of th|f ^^
ifOMiBS were kid atfUle M others 6i the richest colotirs \ hTxi%hii[
<m- IndMda A who IM,^ witii the hnmUity dl iftnitcnta &
Crit. tlBV. Vol* II. October^ 18l5. 8 X

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^19^ studded . .wjtfc i^J^«id«, jur«M^ed„ exttUiJ^^ jK»%4£ilhdr Mi
sovereign, and qoA^cjf e4 Ww in triumji)> tal}^^ ^^h^r|(l^ ^ ..^i
<' In compliance with a custom which had b«9D i^aljl[^hf<\i io

oQinesKi led Mary Casamira from the, cathedral gat

bishop at the altar, to whom he presented her i aft^r

th6 usiiirsilemnltifes/ they were consecrated kfi§ in

fbldttd^ (18)'. His Majesty with the title of Join. t&1?Ji&_^ .

* ^' The ptibllc reaoiclngs on thi^ occasibn were IbllMrSfl ^^Kt

iqfmlng of 'the diet, in which the thanks of the repttbUd«<fi|«N

iSdreeAed to tlu king, for the benefits he had confuted ^f/a 4t

ffioc^ his election^ joined to aa earnest exhortation that^iie vouia

^. li^ture .l)e. ippre capful of a life whose piceservatioQi urns .fiHM*.

ija^ tgibe prosperity, pJf.JPoland. ... , ;u^..x .

. ^ " jThese vei^Jjal ccmjplipiejat^ were succeeded by one of |l iiu^

^S^tantial. nature ; a oompllmenlc which seems to have S9<v;oiu;^,

somewhat more 'of adulation than patriotism in the proposq?*

Sobieski was solicited $tl|l to retain the important office of cipwn-

geheral; but ' this nieakure he deemed so inconsistent witn ttu^

spirit of the coi^tittftion," that he positively declined it, and put ^

fiU^ to all furfcner solicitations by immetliately appointing ih'\L

-i^lfmitehaht-^eH^alt'cltf Pdland> who was of the same namiir«^

family as the late king^ On his old friend JabkmowskV pfl&tine

. oCJBtusslti, .he conferdl thp offipe.racai^ by the jNromafidb oC

;5Vi59Po\'«fie3ki." . , , _, ;.[ ,. . , .. ^ /;. nl:

'^Tht new^ ot* tMlp^lidtirig* decreed a levy of an hundred

tWdniftha ineri fortttt^'^^ptfoachirig;^ campaign, determinietf ihc

ftA^Hx) s^^^^^ doutte fhat ntilnber to oppose the Hero of CHdC-

"jMm/t!&^ol/^^ &c, Hii the vote of the Diet been

"^ijce^cptecL the progress of tbe campaign would have indubitably

.anrrie(^^ Johti to* Constantinople^ ftna there is ev^ry reason to

■ (iriclajde chat the totaJ Expulsion of ^e Ottomans from Etitope

would hayp ternqfinated thfir war^^ But tjie resources of the Re-

^public had been 'exhausted by her incepant hostilities^ in the

defence of Christtndom, aiid not tone bf'hiPi^prmi^^ijjtS^T^.

excepted; 1i4d thfe hiagnmitthPry •fe'st^p'tdWtttthln ii^OT.

..^h]D, J)0j/jxyer> took the J^ld^ ^itj^ J^sS; thapt foxtv tiiousapd

j,m^f /crossing the IfJiestef,. ^e 5apjepKjfeej^^»(jnlo"&^ .^9?**

.'>a glorious peace: in a sit oatiofi'iJ&CQiBdpiif ably ^a- adiouHag^CHis
ytl^t&at in ^idi Pelar. Rxulmn<i£ikaddiiKA^tr8Dsport<9iir-

cba&Mi ail- ignbmtnioMa piiei ;»ili IU> ^^a w. , . . i >

-^lil the yeat ^1602 tKe Ikaie- and' atk^ti^i&h o^'^is- Maj^Aty-

Hfl^0sO9faK>Yed la ^lidtnj^ tb^the uf^rpm^eMtot tSiX^^nmptiL*-

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'^'^gmMm^ftmf Wrmh as tevio tRfemt^ of d-

1 'fcyer^d tbat,,&ft^^^

.. \¥'l^^\

nenoe,

^Sln^6ti this legitimate sovereign, ^^,*,\^'^,j^e well s^cjuju^ijd^
^i&'t^e, impossibility oi Ygur Mhj^$ty*^il^ij^^ mtin^^jf/j^

jffWfNMwm^.apd i^laccb )r,oHrsel£>AtH^^%JiMi :o( the .Oequmi
jJWIih cgMflWM as- im»mfa^ ihatywe'taygiyiMttiaft ia |hiii|pM^

UnlrnTifniir MJIitj^i i^*M<r < 4i» »•' > '^M. ; i<« /vn .< ' I. w ^tfiAtr

iv «fa)lui flin»iled^ ar|iu^Sf5d his plaooS) anxi finived at Vienna on

the 11th of September, 1683, His army, consisting only of

I I^JI^ty thousand Poles,^for he wpuld pot wait for tlie Lithua-

*^ ^myisioD^ he ha(L "fefofetiis'degyl^^^ pFace^ under the

"^ *'T^bf J^blonowsK,, wltH-'prd the Duke of Lor-

tl^ tanks oif Ihi^ fi^'ljuti^'^^itlj altpos^le speed. , He

,j.^!jy|^but twoji^^^ '^^ysi/ry^[ixjivexsea. Urn country

:|ea Wj^ lapidity.'qf a Tartar

^/ Vienna Jte rpun(J Bc^eig^^ fcji (;iy9 httiwed thousand

^ ^ ^ ji^e.Ewpejjff^Wl fomih, 9m ««uirt flojvn, t)ie German

Uy iQibed^ ai^d^ «j^ Ien^» ^e,wliol« 6f the -forces uoddb
V ooidoiiand 4aiQ]^itea ^ent^ thousand men* ,

''- ^*f Tite liii^> itt aiw^ikitv-af spif^ at tMg*c«rcuirfWdtit^/H^

MWiaioH liwt^ tfbtiM/^fcitifer ^tte g^e^ ^ the repoi)lic to odtiNn
ihafabUfWtdiiimiibiMUM,*whi^ wi»iHi til9>rear of iKftnerilMiy
of hoite, to hiat tilltli« okifld«Wt!r«^'n%Hit ilM>uk|ieAabl«^tt!to
fMCap^rmriu attt(S9lMediu^wlM8eafc&ttorr*^ire:ire&ch<rnfeto^

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MiprilRHMMtai

"iglirtiT»i*iiil M(iti>,iiiii«ifiitf*tii «NiN»3

liilMiitilll * ^iHiiiiilimirj fhiinfiliahi "tliW ti

sworn never to we^i&ettUkU *«r'«^«i>it4ri|Aritft^ ^^
'eMtoiroOiiBfl9<o«rtaitl1iiauP«v«7«SM>*^ toeflRs^lSkiih
■^altjtfiV. din-in-'..' *■■■''' 3X"- ' ' i ■ > JrfrjOoiB n .boimsfiq
.6S l^ttmrnkmrnUk^ Smtmlm flirt Wiii m<lllli<wiWHhjWl»

w flrii OG0Mlon r^nwkttl. Chat iBW^^KiOoK Ihe jiiiitiiMn

' -ff. Ittiii «tat lepaiBt^ flm^ thejjplaift ift wHich the TinrM 4f^^
e«MBped> fayaiehilii;o^mni«laifts, offering but tW« to«as/to>^
ViaaHt> one inner ^iicn^ iionmit*; Hm cUhel' at theii" IriMi' ^^1M<>
of Ahe. ilaiiiwiM iMenaedl ^'^ttb itanger, dilteimf>A«j||i|
t; tat joivft Mii«stt«MdeMM9^ll«i ^sMrrMMc^lM**

ueged the arrival ofthe f|ian wlio ymi^ Im Atk de&ww^v. sdt

v^ iMUml vlthrgrai<ftrf -l^glri^t^by the t>ettestd; ev^rWUi^Mt^
^j^t^ «irtiDfitobai«ir >|D«:^6Dirfft^ |he chtef t>f ^Ke^iitt^^
'6tec«!y centd K«r • Mti«^^^iffhre^encfj Sr bHl^iSttli^;
yMtiitAA IMk tbiit «0 HfiSMI ^iSflM 9^ iM ^pit^>iif PdBtttF^

. jr^«tmiMtrtWlriiMli|MAdM#^

b^A^itf^fami^M 4IMM MfctB^i^ift^Ml'

detfMWC Aodi tbe itfOfuAfttlter «srnUdialidlf <^ieitA^ lilif^itUitf; *

vemwiadM ofthe mny Bbould march to oppoie tha adtaaoa of th»

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naiid to (toim the city had le-kindl^ i»>«h* i^t^imuAitaM mm
t^^jbe had t{iQ fnoir(i«MltoQ> la dfiOitii^tlriiHIlMrffiireHilrt^

4i4IMnfnfM0|ll»d^|i^ the MglAt^feMriMniinii IrfrittMt <ntaf wpN i
MMf iMttwmw, 4ratt)(iin%)iMQtintRfii«^

icmpt ; jBincft the besi^e^, foisetfiiLpf htmfec i^d 4}MaM» i^SOtl

tte nmet arlaairable ^Nwrnttoeyy ^J-l ^•' >v,^*a tjiV In--.*.'-. ^-^ ^^is
J^ i^e^me^timf the M9gilrf^^^lMi4^;>AW iiipported J^intke
' KWii9ip^.i€pmpe9e4.4B^:Qtlf«^

L4^Kf^ff 11^0 th||pteip/t|hM«km^tti«rei»ipi^^

ft&e hordes .9f )i^^b.H|hf«f;dl»Wi«|i In^toJi^.'^Ca
kk halted ftvr %i*^ (|i«iai»Qijml»fe .Dm WiiiiliM^^
& iirt»JGh ilad^r JMi%#rN^pNl»i^
it fonraird to a gen^^fdoHM^ #i I^^IMld^iriMpfeii
-^ aMoane tar ra^iwatn ithaVifmaaaTMa^thi^ iMMMikfeeiL

^riNktni^a^ Milling, iiitiw4.il|fc

9fty-^,my^.ifpreMti^ IMNMrMAs

rtfi9l^ot|t^e9iBmr-pt^^ .,

4o. the jlp^^nM ;W>^rilli f Wir^irl rtJi»?1Pnrkiih fkiA f .. o •U'^o^iq

'^ Whife,i»g^,iB»iCTi>4fMrbi^^^^

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"^'^^''^^^^^''••y^'^P^a V TO^WW^

.t^oal fikii on tne Im, and the duke of Lorraine fSell on the jMrntoe
jwith Itia wonted fifiiine$8>«Qd ability | the king of fV>land;^4rmi

<' 1%e OttMiw wny. iil«tHiAtetf> jiad wkkoutitDnSdetilcefftKitB
■fOmnKndPffjrjyiHytfKhiy fottaliied theohodiOf cihisiQfiflat $ 'iiriub
5NMr6iMUb »tri»gihtmgrtv» unsilppofted bf 4he jfmi«riiiffl>rfifar
•Hie tributary powers who had been fto uiHforiidy**d€Ctateiik<#iisn
amosed to the king of Poland that they seemed to hare lost the
i5|M1tt|lltfr««f 40011^ fai»«i-lblmd''{lMtfvifieiif!illfeiost

^fta in Uwmf of Kara^ Miistapliii cgmld ^ ftmh^»4v44j'4kao
to allow him time to secure his personal safety by a disgraeefU

^ji<f4l^lttF(tl»>^tidniflier disftppeifred tihe 4tttida>i AfWtalteilb^^
iWi imilttg(Mtco<rf %» doatttlbn «preai^|iig ra^pMyfMA ^HMr-VO
''spvittg of tlK Turkish arrny^ f rMtd^vafcSe unardiy suceMKd* -BMi
4adMd«bl>oMliatf««k«'iMiMtAdei now b^ng aeCuMed tf^iyby
^M. ^hhotaMJpfea^t^tkm, thought only of esc^i «o l^at^^Hlb
•Hioftt beMUief«t|Wal i And^^VdeMa wtos ttius> in the dpae^-^ito'ftiir
4lotM^,t«iduo*lfr<lni)thVimnt«lleii^graspoftheTor'^^^^ ''^"'

smmskm a dWofdohivhkh swghtrMitUe ^oiciieaiy tckwtliff^cmsid
sittack the Christian aim^ with advantage duriagthe effaAuM
•But early eti the following nHMmtng he gaive the aol^iy m
^MilskMi' 10 oecttdy ' M»a >land^ tt^fe OttdnMi ^ibp. Ob "^
^hgtheentreiicnmiSirts/ di^ft(ffel "was the spectacle that*
their view. * ' ' ' - *'•?

. ^^ Oo'/eAteriogitbe deserted paviii4>n£ of .the naussulm^^^^luiir-
^ver> thegr were foe awhile checked by a spectacle ^whichehijiod
'with horror even the hardiest of those .veterans whq bad. just
Kfifitied the sanguinary field of combat. '. AD the Tuikiih wqineik^
jlsatiy of them young and beavtifiil, who had acoonapanii^'tltbilt
.Jlll^rtiiuidariivtkia JistflJ^eKnaditioa, hiy mnnleml in. their .tents by
gihe-hands of. those yusK^ dasUnla, w^ th0O0^.ofguiil)^ bofpt^
•])4aottr and ha^iaiiity to havo .protected $l|eavF<^e«TedihiSjSa^
.v^ge i^l^rwtive ta the^mcw^bmn^ their flight wUh thes0rii»-
likppy victims, or leaving them to the disposal of ^efr co|M)aerars.

^!f^ s<»ae.Qf .8laf^ghter.w«a«ipi49r^4^lLQy3ii|s,i^^

tfofi^Ue desotol ^realwr^ whoie^iy^ their.ferocioosiatheia

4||iydapai;qd.| srai^.of whpm^ togtypnag ^^eco^acjoue of their
cMiltn^fioiidiiteA^ warn ac«kiiSS,$hst fU^^i^iskilte^tteiB their in-
jp^MfUfr ivaatiiKrs wbiekd^ath. ^uui ^epTf F^ ^h«^,^f m power to
Ij^^. Mpre,th^ fife hnjadifMi. oi 4ii^4>ehw^^MPffo^»P^^«^
•Miiiected with great tenderneaSj- and plaoed;:mMler dk ^eaie of the
Whop' of Newstadt, who beaetoleDtfy undertook to see them pro :
ipeily pro<«»ied, and educated ia the CK^

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'iiiiiiijilrtri'jiiiiiniiitjintiaio'riiiin^ 'iH

1^ " That l^ piui^idooed^wUli lmMeibt»i||dd )AMMttiry) Cd wflijB^
to^thaJQatoiii tk04he *gniiMl vizier had leflliitti ilid residuary le-
'«aioe] 4KMU]|al>>a4ii8«9t«r»4o htf Im^iir^ifr'kiiiiKS^diui^almeAf)

'•d*oi»ljtt»his<wifii*"*- .. » > . . / A'^ ^.^ ..*; ,_ i. U:

itciid thd't^ « 44ie peepte po^ttred «MUod him' - ' z"^'- ' ?

xi;'1j,. . -:. ■ . . -. -.. •- : •• iL *:f .

. ^' With an enfliusiasm which lopg impeded his piogres9i4i^!^
^^f^s$, tli^ie^ij ^^cb th^ garment, and behold th^ <pa»C«Aance^
^^f 1^ wbom they uaanimously hailed a^ . A^i" delirerer^ l))#ir

^|({ier^ the. Jwt aid great^t of priiacesv . . . ^ . «. . A .

. . ^/. Sobleski . shed, tears as. he cootei^platedjtticse^g^iUliiie i;f^*
^4)i|sio^8 ^of gratitude in creatures whose pale ai\d ^emaciated ifaiSes.
vl^^l^aly. demonstrated the ^e:i;treme of pi oebl^ip- misery froin,

which he hadreseued them -, and be 4^Ui^44;to his friends neir

hiip, that neither glory nor domrnion was. capable of affioxdihg
itiii ajoy eomparable to that whi^h-lie «i^rlehded.in

.in the eon-
iicioiisiiess of having been instrut^eatal4nf redtorin^ to happiiSess
.jjig ilat^siifcriiig. geoife;" . .. s \.\'. - ^ .^

-8iiff«lfc tbu^f.4i4 l^oppM receive' ^i^ ^Bvwr^K-^tf* iniba§d
?9^i^h9 XsuBe spirit whii^b atwulated the godS^I;^
present iMconehJM war agaiiiat Imipb&ial FxaQ(^
ployed in debating upon the wnm^ in wbich be.abQii44 jpc^^ii^^
:n^Hieit>trho had saved U^ donjittum;: ^cv appU^bte ia^
;^!fbflotKriQg account to modem ttm^as^' \yef eatnesfljTTecioni^ •
'Ift^^^t^ ^tri^ it d&^ays^ to tbq frtditfttl c6ntetnplstKan bf tsw .

V • **• The point was dlwusscd nvlth- eo^^deniSle' wnnttfh hj^St^-^
^^'Wkt tff LtifttAiie^,^e^^tli84ksft^f^ wfaiA mamifT he thbught

t^ed the geoefous ^rhibes^Mf/^lkcrBofoteslgi, faeh|i9 laVed ii^i i

' ^* lieopold, hQW^rt'tfknigJtt^lbcrWiie^Bndr^fase^ am^.|
'the smallest artid^o?f tbt?bi'eserfb^l*ttiwAt!)niars, in case the' meet-
ing shoifid be reqiriitd'to t^fe^- WKte/Ih the toperi«fl pallic^^. The

p(??§r' eW^AVft«fai'I^M»?fe^^dftt -......., ^.«,^.

Temovraft iffiiJrffeils.^^^^^^H ^'''* '^ "

« i^fTheTartar womtn tell tb'ttir^HusbaiidSytfccy aire oo men'if ti>iSy're(iihi«
firom their miUtary expeditious without spoils."*

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Nf fm^m^s^kqfXUmMM,mllg^fm^^

•'At the anmntad tfaM MUiUci, SMOM m ««nkH4M|«r^
Md ftccoatned in the armour he had wmn at the relief i>fVie»HU
approached the emperor. The air of m^eety which ahnrye ifie-
ilnguMied him en^U oceasioa he^hleiid by hie lenMI ef Xieapold'o
hi|prgtittide ) aad H is piobefole the mean attempt cfthflft moaaitli
to diminish the sfHeadour of hie gloiy te.the people's eyes, hy ts*
tetog him the faoooiin doe to an hereditaiy kingj pfompled hte
to bear on hl9 arm that day a shield, on which were repcesfat^
all the great actions of his life $ — thus tacitly eontrapting the va-
JMity of olaims to eohdderatfon, which were fbunded on feed
ifteiit, with these wUdi seated solely on adveai^filostt dNMttiP
stances.

"* The conference was short, and Kir firom satisftictory. SobleAl
made light of the recent services he had rendered a prince who
adcnowTedged them with a constraiut and reluctance which gare

Sn to all his real Aiends, but particularly to the duke of Lorraliie.
e king of Poland presented his son prince Jamies to the emperor^
as a young soldier whom he was educating for the service of Chris^
timdpm; Dut lie did not condescend to inform him that the prince,
]bad been the companion of his own dangerous and rapid march
dirough the hostile oouptries he had traversed, in his impatience
to comply with his imperial majesty's entreaties that he would;
hasten to SaVe the empire ftom the Turks.

** Sobiedlpi pRsenred throughout this interview all his dignity ;
aid ebeekhqc ane of the palatines who seemed inclined to deso^
Dpom his, he]^ a perM ta a scene disagreeaUe to all parties hy
vokiatarilyMthflagl

<* After ^ha da^vtomar tike kiag of Poland, it appears that-
IiaapaM rtfeatcd the aeidaees wttk which he had treated one to

whoni he we* ^ V^^f ^^^^Uff^d, sinc^ on the second di^ sub-
asqaeat to the maSiag he caused escoses to be conveyed to him,
hs which. he inpated Eis aeemia^y ungracious conduct solely to.
the emotion which on that occasion agitated him. This apology,
was accompanied by a splendid swora^ destined to prince James '
ae a enarit df 1i» itaferial r^nl.
• » The caniattr of SaMMii dttpMid him io facet ve ^Ith ftichil* '

eee this coaeessi6n of the eilipenM>, whfle his generosity natf
B i^se of hoaasf tas^fM hiln.to nnfte daa allowance frtr llie
very painfhl aitoatloa la which Les^ld must }atve felt hlmsHf
plMsd oa returaiQig to tbe^aplM whieh he had so ignobly de^
$iat»dr

For the remainder of theltfe of John the GreaVof Poland^
tlw le&gth to which this article baseatendedcompeb utfto refer
tiM leader to Mr. Pidmer^s book, fte j^usal of which had rat-
wessed us with a most respectable opmion of his fiteriary abi-
Utiea. Wo\dd not the life of the Bmperor iJa^fokoa torm an
adjaitaVk coaspamon to the present volaaeF m.

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t;j»^anEie undeHopk ^^fjjiysiifliii jff fU ,
^Syl^'^at^aMWJHVPg .i^hieb ilr 19 the .wo^ qbjoat l!;i6f ;
WorK before us to furnish a'coitect detail. We now propupi

UnrndH^tnA lo picMnt ow Mader* ii(rHk^^C0nciicF««e«iwtoP^
tlN^pftf^e ^ich teitiihtted in lhe:initimdy death of iUt^

dhtMTf^uiihcd individual. t ' . "^"^

. Mr. Park after a tempestuous pkssage frbrrt' tlie Cape V«fC
Islatidk arrived at St. Jago about the 13th March, and having
putfchstsed the asses left that island on the 2lst for Goree^
Vrhlch he reached on the 28th. On the 6th of April the sol-
ars were embarked, and proceeded up, th^ IJambia to Kayee,
ivhere they arrived about the 20tH' " \ '

On the 27th of April, Mungo Park with the whole of his
party took their departure fronj Kayee. - THey were salated
from the river by theCrescentvth&'WMlHngtciri^ and Mr. Ains-
ley's vessel. Having separated by mistake on^theif-waytd-La^
mam, the travellers took two ftsmtSef f })stft^'^]?rie^d!ng l^y^ JArtka-
konda, part by New Jermr; ^b.^** Afte^ ^ V^"tifi:uiT»if hinf^h- ^
under a vertical sun tliey r^-j<5in^4lt# o'clock an I slept luidet'
a large Bentang tree. At da^^-b|l-^1^1('h§x^ morning titey set i^\
for Pisania, which place; ftiey r<fedt1iej/td suh-sqt. On'the^fol-'l
lowing morning Mr. Park paid ^fs respeqts i<? Seniora Campl^'.
who was surprized to see him agaifv-attemptliig a jtoij|-oey into r
the laterior of the country^ .43tn thet96Hh they^ajided tfie !?ag-
gagefrom Mr. AinBley's-schoonerwi :OIhe lst»of:JVif^y wa3 occu?» v
pied in tying up the buo^s ami markiiing tliem- r They finished ^
packing the loadi on th^ 8fdf ah d got et^dry thing ready foil tl«?
jonhityi which C0itifritilte«td^ri*iAl^i9^ing :trt hi^f jj^klJ^
o'clock. The asses were numbered 'with large fig|JT€s, to pj^t*^
vent the natives firom!;ste^Hng;,th^. hMr. Ge«^ge Scott^ijd
one of Isaaco*^ pebple went iii froiit, Lieut. M^irj^nm.the^(jnjl^
and Mr. Park a^id Mr. Aiidereonjiikthpfear^ mi^v witIt*^diflSq;^^
culty reached Sam^e,^. a dfetanc^.of only eia^^ J^j^ M^4 ^ita
Mr. Park went in>he^venjipg'to yisit theSl«ee, of Samee^ who
is subject to the King of K^^a. The -^late^ wa
inebriated. Mr. Park offer^ hini one l^E of r^^m, 'whicK"&e
Crit. Rbv. Vol. U. October, IBIS. ^ ^

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9^ PiirVsJmmM^ipMnim^^hli^

reftued, deiimiitiilng ftti fulfil ftftdr w itts^nifidiit

tagfll. Maf 5th, tt^ifTealebed Jindey^and'&Md
ijSmittg Jindey Hre not day, they proceedcsit tteoQgtt'ifiiti^^
krnida «nd Madiiift, tod hatted itt a small Vfllag^ eA\et Tririr^
jtng, ii^ ord^r to putf^haae asses. M«jr Clll, tuDo of ihe^seMlefS
were a£9icted with the dysentery. The Kiiig of JaiiA»M'MOtt
oune the feHo^ring ffioming to pay 1^ respetta to^ Mr./.i'feill^
who pteseoted hinn with aome amber* At sun-rise oa4he MMii
fikty set out for Tattieoada, ami readied Madina, the eapttat«#l
the kingdom ef Woolli, at noon the nett di8^. Oft life ahmiI
at the latter pbee Mr. Park had an ialanriew with IbeKLiagl

The following is the rqK>rt of the ^aferenee* /

• ....

' *' I took to the King/ says Mr. Park> ' a pair of silver mouate^
pistols, tendoUars^ t^n bars of amber, ten of coral. But^ when
he had looked at the present with great indiflbrence for some time^
he told me that he coulfl not accept it; alleging, as an excnse for
his avarice, that i Had given a much handsomer present td ihfi
King of Kataba. It was in Vain, that I assured him of the eoak
trary s he positivdy rel^sed to acei^ it» and I was under the a^
cessity of eldding fifteen dollars^ tea bars coral, tea amber bcfoui
ha would accept it. After all, h^h^ned me to give him o hUmisH
$owr€q>hmelfindi0ri$igtheim9S,,v(h}^ ,. .^.

. That arorioe jsxiflamere or tas^ki Ae mind of every hniaan
b^g we well kpow. How^ edueatioa tends to dispel tha
eharm we have yet to leam :* but i| is surely an irrefragaUa
truth that mental onltivation dpe9 in a terfajn degree sumfesa
this soeikmg paaskm; for we can safefy assert that an Sa*»«
peauj however he may induce the auri sacr^^femei, would nol
for an' instant counteaance the meaqmess that marks' tfie gene^
ral character oiF almost all African Princes. The customs of
their countiy.m^f in some measure fomribute to aanctioa thar
eneioadiments on stvaageii^^^-lisit were^lheiraindaaoaiewhKt
Qore epligtitened, ^e- OQlnadPA^ qoditiea and decency of their
nalure, we thinks wo^ld befo9mir,to*miligate theinveterale audi
har^aric selfishneBS to^ whkh they <areat^prose9t. wedded.
On the 12th at day^^eakihe aspM^ wera aH kMkl^f and
'HiiStag^lMai^ the K|ng'8;peittdMQny the pa»ty left WooUL
Passing Ihro^h'BaivacoiAda, they reaohed the vAl^o of BaaaT
bakoo at haff p^ ten o^4ae^. iieiia AHf bought two assea^
kw^.li^cejYseiAi^lcM;)! f<a,Aj,s^l4JKaw.,. The yomen of the ]?il-
lagf; ji^TiK)g.|)^4 tn^t Mr^ r^i^'S;|«^ple.>i(fare.obligad to piur«
fibase > jvpt^r i<ati M9d>#4t iHM.: i%,<ff»w^ 4rwiog jaSl Ijbe wbq
terifl^. li^ wo)kjasfiiat* it^jcu^te^^ iathebi^ioi^^liaidi]^

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lM»MMtoeortitito'i4h€hfvtelI, us if by aecideiiti his -^ompaniont

TfctMifcdittop^ ^rniiA Mm, and liMr«r«4 Urn t#'di# bottcmi'

ivilHMltelrtoodi.wd filled all the canip JceUle^. to tli^ (rea^

MOftScafion of the woioaeii ^ho bad beental^pi^iog wd c^rryiiy^

mier nor «lie1a$ttweQ»^foiir bouts. iwiu rw

,>Mi7 I4th» our Uaveum baited at K^^r^b0^faffK^19^

^tuto^fJSasHft^' On the l&tb^ h^iug i^pm^Jkm^fim^

jpfcrnmt the entraoceaf the woods^ laid aUaok m^fKsm^Mm

^Md^Mdoiit Usthvoat. This beoMsideMl eatwtni jt« tbia

^pocon /if the expedition. Passing ovier a. leveLplakv^ ton whiob

weaeseeiiaoniehundiiedaoCDoqmi aspeeies of antelope pKiidar|t

OfAem and with a white mouthy tbey arrived at the Gambia at

llilf past ten o'clock. On the banks of thisiivetMr. Park ^otfM

iki (ftne time thirteen crocodiles aod tbree)iij)[popotanii."lJlie3r $ii

^^jgcvrard again at half past three o'clodc^ and at sim-^et^^lUihe^i

'^watering place called Faraba, but found i^o wateif. wtmQ

tii^ tvere unloading the as^s, Johp iEVjattfrs, pqe,i^ the sph

4imw fell down isx an epilepsy* an4 s^oa after e^fi^^ei. M

dbmm of dxf the ne&t moraing-tbey pr0caeda4 wd At hplf pMl

cighio'cloQk reached the Nepwdioo, a anaH atcsaai^-ttiiENrfy daiad

Vf by the heat of tbesim. In tfaeJMd of «tbariaer &^ saw 9mum

Mfmvseasting.pastof »l)a.9ii^ wi^ been killed 'by a

Jkim dmngihe tt^bt. liea»ng Neaolico at foar P. M. tb$y

fUMd^be rHiDs of Mangelli, and baited on -the night <^tbf

WbU Menmlli Tabba €Qtta«' 1^* Park here obsesredjui

imtfirsim oir}upitei''s first satellite. 4!^fte^ afatSguin^^inac^

itf twelve miles they refiched Bjnujh a iv9^iw^g jf^s^K^I^Vf^

HcAParii, 1^ the back ob/^a^on wifih Ti^ought^fi'/iiiH^ki^

aextonl^ iook .the m^4i<mMralti4vifi.:qf ^hfij su^t ife^«%

E. M,.th^ left Bicay aad ^qiiitiiittie^ IJMr pa^^h ut9.itb#. mat

VeMs^^«^horOttbeJ^«iljif9d^WiVl m^ jE^tilgafldak ^|^tio!<4qdb

Nexst day M)^ croaied tbOiiive^ iind..prooeeded- io J^laooittaf

iriucbpbMa Ibay laft on the 20A« No occurrence had hitherto

]Hresentod»laal/t*:aU JiMf40 mdaiifi3r>tbo sa&ty of the «xpe-

iiAo9ui Jh* ot) tiMta iwmi imthf^ oiimag of this day at Tan*

dioo. or Ta(nbk»| ajKilVw^^fm .(be T^iavi of Bailyy a curaoip*

«tiBo^ttod(.|iAct^iwlMd^fo«rihe Imej had'^peiorly patio W

te>Mr«finrkfsi)iop0 filiD^aysJH tb^^d^^ect of bia.jouKBK^

"Ifre senk^Am&itenger fSK<o T^iA*lc<j/ says Mr.tSurk, ' to In-
IbYm thelNi^ba df ouraiMiid, atld be tenthissbn'in the et^ning
wMi twenfy^i^flieA icntttea'ti^h ttrosqaetB, aad a gil^at crowd of
fwjfi», iofeedvie what wit Hadto ^ve him. Seat fabn ten bars
«faHitarby««rgiiidar ||tttashei«fcsedio4akeA» weoi asyaclf

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wiik fli» Ut» ^ Grinds wiaoh 1m IftinpdM jref^ae* luted* t
dtwU easily. p^ceive from the mnvber. «rfan)M4tt«i|» vidri(tb»
^uglity manner in which thejr. conducted thcsi^vcp,^ JbU M^ie
was litde prospect of settling matters in an aociicable mamies* I
therefore tore a leaf from my pocket-book^ and ha4 written %
note to Lieut! Martyn to have the soldiers in readiness^ when Mr..
Anderson^ hearing such a hubbub in the village^ came to see what
waaihe matter. , I explained my doubts to himi and desired that
the soldiers might have on their pouches and Imyoniets and be
mdy for action at a moment's notice. I desired Isaaco to inform
Um that we 6a yet found no difficulty in our journey; we bad
veadiifT obtained the permfis^on of* the Kings of filatabaaiid
WooUi to paas through their kingdoms^ und that if he would- ntHf^
tl^Qv lis to pass, .we had then^only. to return to Jallacoftta, aad
c«)deavpur to find another road ) aud with this (after a good mafff
OQgry words had passed between th^ FjEiranba's people and our
guide) tlie palaver ended.

, ** Matters were in this state. Faranba*s son had gone over to
Bady with the amber ahdcoral> and we were preparing to return.
to Jallacotta early nett morning|> when about half past six o'clock
some of Paranba's people seized our guide's horse^ as the boy
was watering it at the well^ and carried it away. Isaaco went'
over to Bady to enquire the reason of this conduct; but instead of
satisfying hku on this <poiot> they seised himy took his double bar-
ndled gun and sword, from Ikon, tied him to a tree, and 1h>gged
llim,atid having puthisbay.in irons, aent some people baok to
Xambicp for another horse belonging to an old man that was tra-
velling with us to Dentila. I now told two of Isaaco's n^gvoea
that if they would go with me into the village and point out the
IWaaba's people (it being quite dark) who had come to take the old
ihan's horse, I would make the soldiers sieze them, and retain
them kB hostages for Isaaco: they went and told this. to the two
chief men fb the village, but they wotild not permit it. They
were abl^, they said, to dejend their own rights, and would not
sSkyw the hOi%& to be tak^n : so after au immense hubbub and
waaoglingi the butiness at last cikme to blows, and Ore Faranba's
poopie were Mrlf kieked out of the iKillaga.**

-This aflfair^ koweuevor, terminated by their atticHiig bMek'
next morning Mr. Park's, ^die and acconmi^dkliDg the matter'
in the best way they could. Mr. Park aceor^ingly departed^
idbout three o'dock, and halted for the aight at JeniDguBa.
From this piece the parly $et out by moonlight on the mcmiiigi
of the 23rd, and halted at Mansafara the iiext da^. During
the night the wplves killed one of their best asses tmthki twenty
ynrds (^ the plftce where lifir. Park and Mr. Jnder^m depU
On their leaving Mans^ara the next day> they enter^. the Teada
or.&uaakara. wilderDcas.,. XMying. the.ph|in of JDtoofeoo at dagr? .

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bfiBdB'ftn die morning of the iMYi they'iintver^d a rugged
tfeMKilPf, 4md're&eh«dBee Crt-ek, where they unloaded thea8se»<
Heteth«y iSLhfcttmiztdj disturbed a large swarm of bees which
epeifated' to^tHe immediate dispersion of the asses, and put the
Mible cbffle to flight. Two of the asses were stung to death |
lUtee were missing; and another was left behind. TraveUiog
onward, they reached Sibikillin on the 27th, and the following
d9y arriv«d at Badoo. Here Mr. Ptek made presents to lh«
Skktee, and to the governor of Sansamba a town situate afew
IQifesdistaal. In the forenoon of the 29tb, Mr. Park sent two
kittets to Bnghipd, vift Gambia; and in the evening left Badoo
far Tambacanday which place he left next day: aftef passing
through a beautiful country our tourists arrived at dark at
TM»ba Gee, a watering place. At sun-rise the following day
they left Tabba Gee, and proceeded on their journey.

From the Slst of May to the 10th of June nothing par*
ticular occurred, with the exception of the death of one of
the carpenters, and the commencement of the rainy season,
which Mr. Park describes as *^ *fce beginning of sarrofiv/^
.** The rain had not commenced three minutes before many of
the soldiers were affected with vomiting; others fell asleep,
and seemed as if half intoxicated.^' Mr. -Park felt so strong an
iaclinaiion to sleep, that although he used every method to
kaep himself awake, befell asleep on the wet ground.

Junellth.' Twelve of the soldiers were sick. Mr. Park
fi^ed the gold mines near Shrondo, which place he had reached
tiie preceding day. He gives a very interesting description of
the manner in which the natives wash the gravel from whence
the gold is taken. June 12th, the sick men being unable to
walk were placed on the horses and spare asses; and they left
Shrondo early in the morning. They passed the Konkodoo
mountains, and having arrived at Dindikoo, were obliged to
take shelter tluring a tornado in the huts of the natives. Mr.
Anderson and Mr. Park visited the gold pits in the neighbour-
hood. In the evening Mr. Marty n fell sick of the fever. June
Idih, Mr. Park f^und half his people sick of the fever, or.
dAtfwtseuiiiiMe'to bisar great exertion. His situation now
became one -of extreme difficulty. Jlbwever, with great fa-
tigue, he sacceeded ih filching Fankia at seven in the evening,
hanng been obliged himself to assist three sick soldiers who
had fallen behind,- and were attempting to lie down under
fvery txee they came to. Mr. Park halted at Fankia In order
to grre the sick rest: he himself was- very feverish and indis*
poMd* jQatbalMh they proceeded. Some of the men were
slightly dehrioos. ' Hhef now aseended thef Tambaura moun-

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MAJeeMi^«ay»; <^Tbe number of atset csoeedioglteMvietft,

Kated a dbaiulfol soeM of ooafuaioti in tlnis fDdcjf sMircMeFi
ed asses tumbling over the rocks, sick Mddkts 'iiittri>te Itti
^IMdkf Uaok feUewt stealing; in fact itcdtaialy wmup^hUi
wwrk witti US at ifehia piaoe/' Thejr sle^ at uight titer tke vS^
Itga of Toraabia^ The neoLt morning just as the people ware
foae lon^tiie gaod old sdiooknaster^ whom 'Mh 9iA uietf^
lioned in his former travels,* came up. Mr. Park pfevaiM on
Ijin to go mth him io the next halting^plaee, in order to xp^,
ward him for his former kindness. On iheir way^ Aey. fouxid
H^ntoi^ one of the sick who had been placed on Mr. Anders-
SQii'S' hor9ie9 iyiag under a tree, and the hone gtaaing 9Ji « dis^'
Wice^. Tb^ Ufttives had robbed the horse of part of hm k«A$
Itet had fortunately left Mr. Park's sextant and arliSdal* hm^
JMU Mr» Park put the ttck man on the hone andcon^setiBA
Urn six miiesy when being wearied with holding him on br
^as obliged to relinquish the task, and leave him behind!
About a mil^ onward he overtook two others lying in the shad^e
of a tree, one of whom he mounted en Mr« Anderson's horse
and the other on h^ own, and drove them before him. Haying
reached die viUc^e of Serimanna, he sent back in the eveninig a
horse for Hiul^on^ who was^ obliged to be tied on.

June I7th^ Hinton gaawMg worse and Sparks (the attei^
^yat bdnre alluded to) iheing'^elirious^ they were left to the
care of the Dooty of the vilfaige. Passing on they reaolMIt
Kajenmta iixtwo h^irs, wtiere, probably owing to Mr. Park's
own stckneas, it seems they halted till the 19th. T4iey arit
ferward the following day-^increase of fever forming the most
melancholy feature of their way. One of the sol(!^rs (oU
Howe) was unable to ride:. Mr.. Park therefore paid ten hars (X
amber^ and n^easured out eighteen days' riceijtoQiie.Qf the
most respectable ^en in the. village^ and Idt him in bis c$se»'
Tornados i^w became ^equenl^ tlie roads muds^andsUppii)^
aod it was wkh diffieuUy4;hey could pcoeeed. ^ jii: -r^ . ^ ;.
~ W« could have wished tfai^ mninleiyytOf JiairadUlowcdJiff*
Peril thiiougheuterery day's jbuniey) but tbe spaMvitatlflito
liiis article pr»2lttdestbe potaflMKty of andiHgini^ owadkcaso
fur: we are therefore rducfiaittly obl^^tS to compress our mtt*!*
rative. '^Etiough has silready b^en ^he#n to convince bur reaf-
dert of the fertitudff of out trayell^'s ^iii^ shew how

fully capable h^ was of cohductiiig so arduous and nnprece^
dented Jttimadartayiigv "Ebe fMlfog'Maiiftly, a^4be geneioua

/« • Sf!»Park't TrsveUi p. m:\

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aftMliM^^Uk-U mwkUf cmead toward* Mi MBow tan
▼^)ef» vtup^piMied bjr lickiiesa and the i^ns of appr<iad[i«
ipSi^A» 40. mM sonsibly endear utito the memory ofdiii

«:i^«i MV fiiiwd to make socb MtancUat jriftienable 0119
B«l4MJt«illl7'«ippfBciete Mr* IVk'a deaodptive poveia. -
^lOntbt^jaqrifal afc the nUege of Gunkia Ms. Ifmk met wilk
«M4f IhMeolitraetiODa to wUeh ke loon bMam&fBmilim' >3

'"^'^^cliancecf/ says he^ 'to be in the rear, kriiijg^i^on som%
asses whlctt had thrown their loads; and when I came up I,fotiJtid[
wBl about the viQage wearing a hostile appearance, the men ran*
nfn^ fh>m tihe corn grounds and putting on their quivers, &e.
The eaase of tMs tumult was, as usual, the Ume t^numtf^. The
TiHaipenkadheaMl that the white men weretopase; thatthef
were very sickly, and unable to make any resislaaee^or to defend
the faMBeose wealth in their possession. Accordindiy when past
«fthecoflBif had passed the village, the people saUied out; and«
vndcjr pretence that the coffle sb^uld not pass till the Dooty
l^teaaed, insisted on turning back the asses. Ope of them seised
the seijeant*s horse by the bridle to Vead it into the village;
but when the Serjeant cocked his pistol and presented it, he drop*
ped the bridle; others drove away the asses with their loads, and
^ery thing seemed going into confusion! The soldiers with
great coolness loaded their pieeeew9th^MU, and filed their bayo*
aStst OB seeing tills the viHagers heiliaM,aiid iheaeldiers drove
the asses -across 4he bed of a totttmti isai than returned, leaving
aaSoientnamberta guard the assets ^ .
. '' The natives oollacted theniselvea«Bdor a tme by the 0ile of
the vilLige, where I found the J>ooty and Isaaeoalvery hsffii wofda*
On enquiring tiie cause of the tnmult, Isaaco infonned aae thai
^ viliagjers had. attempted to take the loads from the asses. I
turned to the Dooty, and asked hiqi who were the persons thai
had dared to msdce such an attempt. He poin^ to about thirty
people armed with bows; on wldch I feD a laughing, and asked
hhik if he really thought that such people couki light; adding, if
he had .a mind to makethe eaperiment, they need only go up and
attempt to take off oneisf the 4oads. They Seemed by this time to
be'AiMy sdtiiBfied^haa theyihadmade a vain' attempt; mad the
Peo^ dashed me to till the men to. go forward witfti the aama.
As I did not know but perhapassvvieof Ahesiok aright be «nder
the. necessity of rjoturning this way, I thoi;^t itadviseableto |^
on friendly term3 ; ami therefore gave the I>ooty four bars of ain^
ber, and told him that w^ did not come to make war; but if any
person made war on lis,' we would defend ourselves to the last.'*

Mr* Piurk.a{^wjit«miPi4itoma4o U^KMu^mm attaakerf
ttjiight ki lions* W^i^xtrert tk»jiS9QmL

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:: ,,<« VlMifAB tMdbwoCbtei siipidr«rM.6?er, wbla^rAoiyglU
.ailffffldti oC-JMnL-Inff or' gr6wUn^;:iiQt unlike thenQiscoCii^HSci
-boarf ' tU€& sefloLeo^o be: mors than oiie of thein>\ind't]ief «rttt
4di-jroiiBi:outfBsUIa. -^JBirednw^ inudk<*ts to mlikd tfaen'ki^ep %t'B,

iiBitnNC^ bat «9^ihey^ kept prowling rou&dtis, tv« vrildetlit^
ktnaidh: tf %)dn!i%dvgtist, toA wentwith Llent. Marty vHii^teA
^ifthe^BiDMi^ Itn|i0illdg4har» io h^ntMrkmm Wi9igt»t'M|lr

— Rt)f4kiBi;>tart»flridtogwii fiio«Briiito^tl»4uah)}aii4 «>M a#Mli
smt. kaarenfe otfatfBwg akeriong giwa. . WlMtitji^d.M««in4M»4b«
•te»to; UcoLrfiedbf enquiring of t£e natiYCs that HaemAatdB mt^}faA

bk^fiAiBflftrdhi^f were not boars, but young lions; lili'd thfefC ail-
^#mdsdi^tlNit wiiefoTwe kc^t a very goo4 lookputti^y'Wbidd

probably kill some of our cattle during the nigfat. Abotit lull-

night these- youn^ lions attempted to seize one of the wes^
^R®Bfi so ihticK alarmeS* thif rest that they broke the^ ^opes^and
*|^mcat^F^al!oipfiahmngstth tent ropes. " Two'of tne'nfens
^MtMtred ^bem/^i^ eattie so close to us that the sentry dut at 8tte
««n&^ wHb^ k& ^mt^ but did not dare to fine for fear of kibf^
itiiftaMe^. Neglects to wind up the watch." «

Instances of Mir. t'ark's kindness and anxiety for those
^:v^|lDtn:aiekne9Svh0A onieeMttd, ate discoverable in almmst every
«^. OhiMicfip^lltfrkig Kodftibandi the following 6n%^Mt.
^Rotf'SftdMi*/ Amterwn^ #cte so sick, that they wisted to'Se
5l«l4hetefontt^iti*»t.^ -^ "" ' ''- . - \^

tit ^'OffMJ^iilfB ea|it<rf tiuiMsriHBge/vWilUam Abton, on« o&Ae
^|ii!^iabiii(hMii«(Kl>(^^^9^) i«f«i««d fbooi. IfisMajBity^tfflh^
^a<tairBai> 'ht^Qoniei soJ^t ^tJhBi ;M1 fhim his ass, and alliNrad
^ilhi liWi^>iiriv«niy»i {^^i^ioOBbm^'hoKse^ but Ibnnil heocsouid
XiMMBftfiKtJMUtlioldiii^bln* (3«#ki0edt hhn en theads^.but^^e
^ili&taiiddiiii^ pp«Nbiuva9Ki« otilheborsei^aiidniadvrqilie'nian
3beipnkifli>tnfiipgitf>»lia»>tle4>tbe.iiQi»^.i But as bemads uotxar*
^iidfalokedlpi famfldfieriM^ «t|<f«^.^^ held .ht^ owtke

jjhteMp Aodo«iter ^peaMr ^mmbloi ihe.bcggdd 4o bt Mt^ *lii .aHe
lavdodo^til^ lixdiviiagu ;Il«€ti atlaadedfpistolKwHhHlMin^fBaid piii
liMtonoritridgesltoto ^ di»mw» oi his4tol;V< ■ ^r. t - m [ ig r.,v

i^f

iowmgaccpuiit of tbis accident. /*

t«»^»^*W^Wi^#PW tUe,9ft^e>„J?i^^hftW*iftft»« #^

%ttemptea to drive six of the asses across the nv^ farther doB^n
^i^wethe^fratef was shallbwer. When njS ha^ iftHjcRfd th^ ^iiddle
rfiltberiver a ccocodik!^se(!Tos€-t6liiitt, iit^d instaiitlVX<^zing bisa
'"^thifeteftthigli;- pulled him under \^at^^ Ijfitlf wonderful ^e-

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tSM

.»«C «MttA te fell Ite lM»4«f tiMttiiM]* «»1 ikniii b^
I iU.eye i on which it quitted Its hold^ and liaaoo attempted
to Mech the further shore^ calling out fbr a knife. Bpt the cfo-
caille returned ahd wixed Iriin bjr ^e el^er Ungk, teid agite
fVHed kiB ttoder water; hehad reocnmd t# the aame eatpedknt,
wd llMJt hii iagtn into ita «y«i witli mebrigieiKatt thMrt tt
flitted hi») aai whan it^rtae llo>unBedai><»t <^^>p«f Iw rf tha
iMter i» if atupidi aMi tb«ti avan dow* tkerflriddle of Aa riw.
JbaaeapiPiieeded to tba otbev Mde« bliytdiuy rasj aaach. As aaoa'
•a tha duioa vetomed 1 went over, ajod found him yery much lace*
rated. The wound on the left thi^b waa four incbea in length :!
that on the right not quite so large^ buttery deepi beaidet aereial
•f i^le teeth wounds on his baek.**

DoHng the journey, from Keminoom to. the Ba.WooliqMi
nfeff Mr. Park was greatly annoyed by depnsd^ons commitm
Iqrthe natives upon the eoffie. He suMdihed a roy«l attftd^
and consequent plunder from two of the sons oJT Mansa NQiDiBaii(
the King of Maniakorro. We transcHbe the account of tfab
mtb&ne rencontre for the consideration of our readers*

'* About two miles from Maoiakorro/as Wf were ascendiiy n
rocky part of the road, several of the asibs fe^ vritk tiieir loadt«
I rode a little firom tbe path to see if a more easy ascent could ndt
be Ib^nd; aslwa) holding my musket carelessly in my hand*
. and-looking round, two of Numma'4 sons caine up to me ; one of
'lilem requested me to give hhn aonm snttif. 'Suspecting no fli
ireatment from two people whom I had* oftto seen with theKlfl^
iad at our tents, 1 tumcxi round to adpyrs hi^ I nevtrtook snm^
at this instant the other (called Woosaba) comite up bdiM w%
Snatched my musket from my hand, and rmrotr^ltii it. tintttifll]^
ipruog' from the saddle and' followed iifan with my sword, calUfltf
to Mr. Anderson to ride back, and tell sojnt of flie people to looK
iftermy horse. Mr. Anderson got witlilii anusket ihot of him^
t«it seeing it was Numma's son, hitd iMime douMs about idiootli^
kim, and called to me if he should fire. Luckflf'l did neft heat
him, or I might possibly have necov^rM my tflusket, at die riak o(
a long palaver, and perhaps the loss of Ualf onr baggage. Thi
iltief accordingly made liiit escape amongst the irocks, and when I
Tclhrtied to my hMe, I fbund the other of 'the rdyaf dascendanH
liadatolenttiy great coat." ^ • ^

Acooiding to Doctors GaU and Spus^balnt it would liaamthii^
tile organaof CovetiveMaa«iid Sticteitivenaap were ta0tt fowm^
fal\j protuberant 'on the eranium kff ^i datives of titefcf parti
than on that of the inhahftants df ahy dfbet eouatiy throng
'winch Mr. Park had passed. »,/,..-.,.(,

We are not desirous ojf being too' ibquisitHrie blithe subjeeL
^nTwe must confess that we should feel gratified ifwa cotfljl

Cttr. Rbv. You n. October, IdtS. ' 2 Z

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3^2 P&rl^Auhidlhftii^^

iSiow, w^cffter iq tl5^ aniinal worYd tfte organ of Scqtetivenjess*
IJBS ever been obsef)(ed to contract gn tbe appevance of ilgb^y
^pd th^t of Qoyeti¥ei|i)^ArOfi ,tbe conixaryj to underKO ai^ ejKr
mBWe dev^qpepif n( ii^ tbe dmrkneill c^. ni^t ;. for it 4ippe&ci|
mt, during JMbL:Paik^&«}oMaify» lh« wild, amnals ^viere Mldom.
Men ui A».Jimf^h0k 'B«aobiisr was. Ae< sable aMmtlet of nig^^
^MP«ad lifound^ ttviir flitf wol^es^ rallying forihi aitrKnonded kir
Ifetit. Thc^of^iiof Cbvetiveness sdbfi becanle powerfully ma-
nifest,- by tJhtirliiOrrid yeH; and by thi^ attempted phihder of the
whole coffle. "Thh organ '"^ was'* tbe cause why "Mn Park
"^dis*' oblig^ to ie wnOcing outidl nighty to prevent the incursioii

of ♦« his" neighbours/'

*' ».».,

On the tenth of August the greater part of Mr. Park's attend-
ants had diefl ,^i}^Vir6fq ffvef or dy^eqtery; and those who
stiQ existed weo-e a p|:ey to ,tbe same malignant maladies. On
the i 2th the couhte^'ance of Mr*. Anderson betrayed the ap*
proach of death.. . Having placed him in the shade^ Mr« Park
•at down to watoh'tBe pulsations of his dying friend !

*^ At half past five o^dock, there bdng a fine breeze froQa the
^uth West» Mr. Andersen Mreed to make another attempt, and
^ving again placbd him on t& saddle, I led the horse on pretty
ffiuirtly in bopefiof veaphmg Keomikoomi. before dark. We had
fot^^^roceeded, aibov» a.mik- .Moce .we beard sm our left a noiee
very much like the^bark^g pf a lai^e m^% but ending in .a
li^. Itk^ l^.^^^i 9^^ ^< ^rl'^^'t^iM^tift must be so9ie la%e mop^
tikffi, and was obseryfpg tpMr.,;A^aeFSoxi ' what a bouncing fellow
uS^ another, bark nearer to us« and pre*^.

tfeWiiy a thiril atill nearer^ accompanied with a growl. I now sus-
Jgf^ted, that sopot^ wjld^ apia^al meant to attack us, but could not
coDJeeture of what species it was Mely to be* We had not pror
i^eded an huhdr<^4 y^a fartb^rx when coming to pn opening in the
^us>ies;( 1 wi^npta liHle surprised to fee three' lions coming to«
^Kfijtd^ us^.'. Tney were, not so. red. aa; the lion iitmrntlf a»w
^n Bambarra^jr but.Qj^.aidi^ky rcolour^ like the colour of an esa»
^bef .were v^ry JLaiige* and eanBie.WliadiQi0.|Mret ik^.h^ng^mm
j^ot qija.;aft€f . ac)ot)i^» ,b^t:a^,fbfea^,^^./w^h,/OtW. 1 was
afraid, if I allowed them to come too nef^: -us^ and .my piece
should, miss firei that we ^ould be ^aU deveured bv them. I
ftifhtws^Jki . gv AeaMdk, and walked foiw^s to meet tlkm.
Ay|soan%s tl^. weva* wi(Wii a k>ng sIkH . of me, I fired at t&e
^ntre one. J^do not, think I hit him^ but they att stopt, looketf
gX each other, and then bound^ aifay a;few paqe(», when one of
them stopt, and loolced back at me. ;I WiiS too bttSy fai loading
my piece to. observe their motion^ as t^ey went away, and was

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bijmefl.. we had noff proceeded above^ai QQlIe ffiffter, :s^en
faea/tahoChisr bark and. growl dlose Wtls*'ftpidngst''^ne busUr-,
This wMn ddtrbtleBs one'of the lk>ii8 befoi^^deeii/ayitfl Waaufran
tkey WthiM ibUoTtrmtm dal*k, y^hetjf tbU^ wottlft Hcif <^ «>o istfrfr
oppoif&HkHietrvtiipHtiging t)W'ii8tioawarei. '^f tlierMfre g&itm.
AfldBUBOBt^eailpatidiiMdewiMMl a<wtaMlil%MdMtoe«b imM&ldi.

Wdlieitidiie'^iMreoftfaAiil. -mf t »< -

'.•';.• ,:•> • . . . »

Mr. Aqderaon's fever still conticmiog with9«iifriiU»rmisaio% •
he ^Ma conveyed ia a cloak, dung like a hanmock und«r«
Jtspfglil uliehi and.«wried »Btw6«ga'a hg»jtii»iWff»WffoHow*
iBg to relieve them* It «ppean jbhat Mx* Sc^Ub faaiinff oona^
iitakined of aickneas and head-ache had vetnmed.* to Kooiq^
Kikmi. • "jw^t V » • - r

' Oh the idth of Augilsl, Mr. Farff 1faVM| adcend^i fife
monntains South ofToinba, the Jdng-wi^ajtfti^obJeWof HIi
jfiurney greeted his view-— he** once mc^e'sc^tfifl^ger rolling
Its immense stream along the plain j" "^ , , , !| ^'

However gladdening this prospect ^as to the heart of
Mr. Park, stilT reflection isast its diua^g^^v^oiief bis muH^y
a94 thci Mckneboly thcw#^tfi^t,t^%IP<MM«ft^ ot

hjsjatnl^ that, *«:of tlmty four iilUaeiftiwAifottr (<mpe0tai^
lifaaieWthe Gambia, colj AimMim^mtMm Jaiptoltri^adKifc
the Niger/' and he had yetttyqptotme»»lhiiiiwiiit. forteoipwi^^
ing M^ftitinte discoverto; - '' < ^ ^''^*'" ^ *" '*^^ ^ '^ '^'«s^
HSLVitighiTied a canoef, Mr.lReiHiE aifd MV; Atf8^A6i^*nibtaM!llt!
c^ the'^^dwfth the baggage at BbWadoo faiMptoc^cfdH^
the aigex arrived the next morning at MatrSbdU ^^Ir^'Mar^f
and JtJjJB pien who liad gone by land Ulth, the^s^s-joi^^d fhfjjij
in the/^yening, with^be ^^^^S^ouo^}^q;^}fiy^^

Sokfffu jtbe.I)aoty .of I^rabQ% ^4Mrang.4hec. wfaq^f , tim^ Ab^f
FMfc^fllatA^hfffQi ** kept) hinMrift iaiim .ibut^^QaeeivingHJthtUf
heaaw a-wUtenan^ vovldloieiw^.pioaficrBfl^/' .^Jkt^ thb
piWNM ft^Pafk^ hMidf ihatinteverefy ^ttacked'mth the dyiienleiy
sinc^ his ftniv^l/ ^Aden<««fl1ti IMdii'ailM, w(lfeh»h«8%h6M(ffiEK5t
of teriiQ^ifeg ttie diseased '•' ' -'' » ^* ' ' "•" ^

August 16th.— Isaaco wa? se^t RrA^r^^tb SJff<i'%o mft)rm„
Maosong's brime minister; M6dlbiiltt^;j«'Mi*.*Tftii^s at+iyaij^^Kft
.topK-^th him jjjo't ftf th^ ^^c^^fis'it^^p^d^i^^^ pT,

*,Q9 the Stb/9«( Sep^«i1)er, .9«o}uir), Mi^ifi(mg> ^^ingipg m«y^
arrived withw canoes. He toldMjc. Park }m came by M^n-
'songTonttWTS' coQveyhim a^TTKe baggff»' forSego: and
that he would be j^c^ed WMt kmdbesi^ They aocordmgly

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SM PaHc^siM^^i'Mdantohm

iBooIou'iweatfonvfura.tbSegotp mforfn Man^i^Qfil)^. ^^
rival., <iort?*& Wth Isaacp rejivned to Mt, Park^.-v^^Vp^q?
aentSf Manaong wistuog to receive them ftqoj^Mr^ imk> ^qwp
IM94ii^ r On ^ Aai 12»4 MofUManc with four gsiimMll«frived^
lot Itftm tlmwilivta .iN4ich had >Mii^
thfe tpreacnt jotfrnef . Wte quote ai lengtlillie' Meedl tvhkA
ties 9aaopfai8tR»ted eenins of Mr, Park 4|ot«tedi^'^Het8{Nifct^ to
<hJ»Daifi theBfemilmiTalangaage thiis: - ^

"T'^^f autli^Whil^ iban wlio nine y€an«^ eaasa int*'
liatta; I fhen cattie to 8ego^ and requited Maniong^ pemnftfaHn
•«o luWIo^ the'Eaai^avda; he -not onljr .pemidad mo im paaa» bat
pi^^m^ed me witb five thousand cowries to fmrehfllBe pito^ioittip
.ctt" theroadjt lbr yoa all ktiow thai the Moors hadtobbad nio'^f
ta^ goods. This generous conduct of Mansong towards Bie> ItfMi
inMe his aafme muck respected in the land of the white pa^f]^.
The King of that country has sent me again into Bambarfli} AMI
. IIM aiisong iaimditied to protect me^ and you who are hefe aitting,
Wiflkto b^end nfie/l will inform you of the real object ^^y
cMiiafffntoyotirtodiilry/ '^ " - »o »n

"" H flfiBrelllMitHiiffle^dttrfA^Meto «)Mak «h<^y wef^A^nijr

«ffMBiKto). -<'¥lMiiMl'Mi«WF thai thblfrhite people «^«!M^
fiifflft : mOhmi MlHMMtt4leM ^ fitoe, whi€lhihe«ooi«<dlid
. Aa people of Jinme bring to Sego« hrtf inadfe by «a. If yaw apaik
>^W^d0dgm, i9\sbisiiiefiri^^/l^'fmph.^ If yMaptokoffi
goad piatol off d#«fd/ or ^pto^^seatiiet or baft, or beads, orgmk-

eiwder, who niade th#to>7 ^t&c< ^kUt p^ple. We a^'th^a to^lli^
0ofm; U|e Mo0r« btfi^g'them ip l^mbnctoo; whei< they s^
theM' at a higher rate. Th<e beo]^e of Tombuctoo Ml th^ill'to
the pebpid of Jfinnie at i|atilrh!]^her pricey aiid' the pctopkpic^
JHiimieseUthMntoyou. ^ Nid^tk^-Singbf thie>Miteil«Sd}^trlilte8
^ find o«t away by wltieli we ttMiy^brtngb'aiuo'M lAeMAndite^

C^Mdsidl ev^ryifciiigVitaiii^cfh '«bea{>ei^ ratr^tka^ y^n^affw
a€kew. 'FbrtMsptupd^H, i«Maili(in^%ilPpifiiMtM^
]im{Miae aailfng dowi><he^«(mba'f^^li^^kU0ewtor»4t>itt^
aiithfthe salt water; aad^if^^^iddtio if&6kB ^^^diito|M)KU^thMl«y^

Manaoae wiidiea it. Wka« • I'kfti^ ttf&Wap^lMi, I liape tfod - mimf,

Ci/wilTiibt^nia^^tioii toa^ ' ''"''

•if^'tha ))lbiarso shooed t(t
.bdbat I reaeh tfaa'S^lt wAt^.*

♦' <'< M^dftitiina anlwet^d; ^ Wii fi#<^^»he»lwiftit^ydtt have afcj-

. ket>/« ¥<iur jdanMy ^ a git^OFne^ lUid^^ €(od pro9per< you in it|

.•fansit09<tv«Vprot«ct yoa. 'We^ic^iil ^6itHf y^uii^^tf^lB^ BtabiMg

Ml r^'T*^ -4 ■ .' . .'I' I'. 1 i'-/ -*Mu. £ff.i: •:...'. ■ ' • -J *

kvi'MEt^ aowapoimi, i^apesfiod «tis^
ity'l^iEilt^ii; eM^pt^lVian^oiigttnd his sdii)
\^€AkamViiriM^i/^ia^ b^ i&bideita

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wSiMcutiTffiiwjM ftnd iiT fact fevekyltttntftrali rer'ivyeriot M

fliliiiihiiMuM^totiof the gtaoAtas itfMlMoAWtiiricfurtilnflffictf^
lett ctottuv^^fodiMniM now «aid that 41^ hidr vm lehsl I linl
iidAoiit feFMsQMUg ami Ms sAtt, avd ilml flte lasuokimM^gniU^
and worthy of Mansong^ Vmt, Mkkd he, Ifagiwy )pi ikfeMJ.^
;|i|iany reporU concerning your baggage, (hat he wiahts at to out-
m\» tij ' Si»€h <2#.the bundles as are ockvecpd ;i|iil|#^)| ure^wiS
aa<t 0pan.> you wffl tell us what is in tham# axtd. that .V^ ba s)^-
^irnt^'.. 1 lotd thaw I h^ i^otUag but ]«bat^ .vaaa -w^m^mj, ^
vpaaehiMiag #iuvisiioaa> and tbati^ wotUd>yki0aaBa amsk^tlHIf
^aauW 4iapeaaa with openiiig tha buadltir Jhv 4uMMf«a yur-
Ated) and I ordcnd the bundlas to. be bfaBetitt>OMl, ttikingx avfi^
. fwith the aasiatanca #f the aeldienb to aacrata 4i}l 4ha gocMl aaab#
!imdcaral» .,,,,. - .-.v*

f t When all tha loads were insiMatM^ 1 arited Mpdibiona arhf*
tethonghiofviy baggage? Jf ha hf^tiiiefn^aoyoHMiie^aikatiia-
aeens or double bafielled guns? Heaai44a|.hMi9(^i^tbiaf.lhaft
vmmiMt^mA aotbing ta(ii«h|i| Wfm^ HWWiite .faf^fwuihaalagyaBo-
^/vfaioaa; ^thas ha woaU.repfir^ the %afMffMMW>Dg. Thsf m^iHf^
. liii^ly^went awaj to S^gv^ ; ihut>y ithff»it tlfclHf MlW<niic'* pwif^

:,i«tt^h(^hadheaitihaiai»#v^.o'^^^Kot i^Mii^ ^n-.r -,. -. ,• »,ii.

. !o ^^ftipteiaber ««ih<r^-Sai4«na «artfn,i)M)dif)f«) dM ^wOigi^
jijgh^ ) Me of th9* le¥ftr, the othfr4^M^^«iywllef^ IMAthorjfai-
<jMaias.|arenty stones ^t ai»l^rAfrft)M»cyhlgllh<im- < /; i .y/oq
j^. " .IJcptejnber 86th,^'>^odibifKNP aa^.the saaat.peefte mlwaiid
-]f«[AthA(a«K>pg'ftaoswfr, a litaiQ^^traffi^atio^^ whith I gmriw

* tfolhMMi, ^' . M^asoag saysO^ witl Rf»mc%|r«a^«hat,a iMd4s apoii
c 4hrfo9>'av#iiP wheie, as ftOTf^ki^hfmA (i^0war>a«lead% rlfiftoii

«iiahfi«4Po t» thatS««t, ^oi^iMfMU hiumyoo l^nan Hagoiitt patt
passTamh^etQo» . I£ jou^wiah tai ga.toithekWaiti yoai aair Irafel
jhfCHi^l^HMoo aaiAJU«fli«» .throagb Casaot imAtlomkiti *,

?/4ha. PWi»«6JM»JHi^Pg?» ^Ma«gRr,wiUiherMU£Bciaai iN-QlaaliM far
'iWHi«.uUi}m(WJ[»h4pjh(»M ^^Wi.b^ats.at SaflMaor8e9h7atAMi«^

: 4ia#4ing WiJHMifii ^m^^ tfr^ tmiOf .iH^diManaeaig wiH eaaaaf«9M

* «WthfftV.4J^iPiPMMPJtVk^ 1^ ohftimaih J^t Maaaoag vtshatee
to seU iumhwr 9i4M*k^<i^r*im9ftf^i/m aiHindfi..a>Wei(vM(if)

. ifiih^ltrb^i^iM^Mllef^jtn^ »riti<afhwl/fcaarfa^<a|Bf,

which pleased ahpve every thing $ thai he had aeAt im a hoBoik^
aiMl hif r«^^ ^fii^thfys,.^4^(a ftie sheefi^v. ] loM.MMUhfftne that
j^llMMhanglaM^qdalMpwmNfif aaiaie itatita4o>iM.tham iha avMaa
tm ha^ 9H«(}Medraj^^ llWMld bf> ha|>f!f iCMltfisoag <«Mikl
fwsoept them faovfk me as a further furopf af my esteem.
' ^ 1 made clrote 6r$AMftiidlBg for fitfing out bur canoe, be*
HuyJj^naon|p had fm9f aatd-h^wiaktitl to see mi;, and because I

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could live qouitex wd freor fxom tN^ggjUig .th«p. at^^fgi^,^ t|)|yi|^.
fore sent down the bupocksby land to San^andijigL ,ni hrj . fonC '

" September 26th.— We departed from S^mee, f^n^e <<;i^(}ep
were not covered with mats > and there being no wind, the . 91^
became insufferably hot. I felt myself affected < ^ith^a yWefit
head-ache^ which encreased to siicha degree as to ^ak^a^.^fHiQi^ ,
delirious, I never felt so hot a day ^ there vpra^ ^^ifiote, ftffU 9A$^r
cientto have roasted SLsirhmi but the tberpipmi^ter ^>^^m\A
bundle ii^ the other canoe^ so that 1 could not afGj|^^Uij^i% J^iKm
^^^•" . ' .. . ' .-. .-' ^f\i « v-^i

We are next presented whh an account 6f S'aDtfaiilflMjg'^ ^ft '
of Mr. Park's exhftition there as a tradesman.

*' 8«Maadiag^ contains^ aooovdiog to • KiMNitie MilnadWr ma^ .
^ccnint* ^eleven' thousand inhaJ^itants. It has no* i*iMfc talMiag%
•except Ibe aios^es, two of which, though buiit of nMid, am lyiii-
jMflns inelegant. The market place isar laif^ squarsi atHi'itaii<
■difftKBi artielas of merofaandiie are exposed for sale on eCalU cO^
▼ered with mats, to shade them from the sun. The market' ii
wmwded. with people fVoni moruiog to night: some of the tlaib
oootain nothing «bttt beads j others indigo ipi balls; o^ekewoodT-t
mAtb%i» battsf otbe«s:Ho«staond Jinnieckrthi I tj^sertei) oik t
•tall with nothing. but anttoony 4» small bite; anotheri with msT^tx
'^Mnr, and a third with copper and stiver rings and braeeleis. In
.the houses ftooMng $he square is sold, scarlet, amber, sttks froph
Morocco, and tobacco, which looks like Levant tobacco, «ifl ^
iMtneaby way of Tombuttoo. Adjoining this i»the isalt watfk^t,'
•part of which ocenpies one comer of the square. >A'Blah of eldt tn '
aold commonly for eight thousand cowries; a liirge<'bat<9Aev%'
oiall,or shade> lain -thecentre of the satiare, and Aa good and ^X
neat sold every day as any in England. The beer martlet is ot ft.
tittle distance, under two large trees ; there are often exposed to
aal^e hwa^ eighty te one hvfidvedtcalahwhes of bei^,'Mt4^)Motdin>-
tag twog^Jlons. Near the beer iparket is the^ace'Wti€i«feft»
»nd yellow leather is sold. • 1 ' \^ r ti .^

<' Besides these marketrplaces there is a ^very^lttige ^tfUte,
whieh Is appropriated for the mat market erery ' Tuesday. 'On
this day astonishing crowds of people oome frMn the CAlMti^to
■ufchase articles in wholesale, and're^ thevit iil the^ dUfel^itt^rfl:^
lages, <&e. There are cmnt^xilYfnta^ afacteen t(f tweiftty latg^ fttt
Moorl^hulliN^a killed on the^Dsatke^ morning; ' ^^ > ' ^

** Octoher8th«-<^»Maaoovightd>fMfi9ied«a^ *

iag the canoes he promised thtem I h^ expected, I thought it besi
{bo beprovided'with a tnffideht (fuablitjr of iiitEfn^ tb^ pufehase two;
pai4ie«larly when I refleeted' that th^ tWtt #biiTd subsrde fa the
.tooueie of ftliviv daysy having rank- this in^raitf^ MefMMl^fnclles
byiheshore. I thecefoi^ opened fliiop«in^iteafteiyle>^mdexMbite4
« ohMce assortment of European articles to bb sold In wholesale
jDrietaiU -l^hiMlof cp«rse»^€tt»riiiii wfateHlsupfPOie^iew oik

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AtHlltf itkvfiilhdf tftt)^^ merchAtott; for the Jinnie pe6ple^ the
libdrt) and.jffie m^hzhantft here^ joined with those of the same de*
eJftj^fibU iiSego/'attd (in presence of Modibinne, from whoee
month 1 Wi'it) offered to give Mansong a quantity of merchaildise
&t*M'gtdlMt .?ali^^ than all the presents I had made him, if he
^mibia s^iie^otdr Vaggage, and either kill us or send us back again out
<iflMfobairra^'^ef alleged, that my object was to kill Manioag
sAd'l^'^ibns b^ means of charms, that the white people migfit
ciflWUtid sel^e^'Otr the country. Mansong, much to his honour^
fleeted the proposali though it was seconded by twa*thirds of
Ihe peopbiof Sego» and almoat all SanSandlog. '

^ *i Fftom'the 8th to the 16th nothing of coMequencse'OoeQvnd.
I Anlnd my siMp every day more and more crowded vrith custom-
eiw; aiid'sacli trai my run of business, that I was 'Sometimes
f&mxA td empl^ lAr«e Men at once to count my'oash. I taraed
^ttemiket ^ twenty-ire tiMmsand seren hundred and flftyniiat
jtetts of money (cowiieS.) 3

*' ^ Sbe^seeond 4ay after my arrival at Matn^boH) as-no sMgpuma
wkiatevcr had arrived concerning Mr. Scott, I sent a messenger
tt^oomilloomi, desiring hin to bring Mr; ScoCtor Wttke aecount
of Mob* 'iUffcturned in four days, and told us'tlMit Jiff*. SeaHwm
toai^^aBd^liat' the natives had stolen the pistols Out ^theholi-
ilsiaf^Urt' be had brought the horsetof^aMbukooi*^: - '

Oxi the 20th October Mr. Parks with the assistance of
A^f^li^ Hilton, took to pieces two canoes» one of which had
%eeA sent hy Mansong — ^the other brought fromSego by Isaaee^
sod/ '^virttb eighteen days' Aiird labour^ changed'^ thcm-^* tnta
Si»1itaje9t]f$ Schooner Jbfifta."

" ^Phe following statement will shew the deep gloom whi^te
this time otersprcttd the mind of our worthy traveller :

. ^fi 0«M)«r S8th/^At »qiiMec past ftfie o*elook in the nsomlng
»9^dw9 ^ieodMr. Akxaiid«r Avderso^died^Afterastcknesa oi
fomrmoat^. I UeL much inclined to spedi of his.Hmerits: but ae
'Eia^'wovthwas known only to a few friends, I will rather cherish
hi^memaiy m sil^Bee^ and^ imitate » his oool and steady conduct,
than iveary my friends with a panegrcic in which they cannot he
inxpp^aed totjoio.^ I shall ottiy observe, that no event which took
'jila4it dfirjag thejoueneyever threw the smallest gkiom over my
mind, tillllaid Mr. Andcraon hi the gra^e; i then Mttnyself, m

b^^tlie l^t)i9f!]^9y^,mI)€^ilVIJh^^^^nd
•^f |ua joqn^ ,prf;rip^9ly4^ h^.entru&tii>g it to the oare. of IsaaoO)
whose ,engMCi«(ieiit emJed'Ht jSanaaoding. It was transmitted
toJKpglaiMaecompanied'byletters toMr. Anderson, his father-
in*laws Sir/ JosepHBanks^ Lord Camden, and Mrs. Paris. His
critical sttuation it thus 't>atfaetically described in tbt! letter 'to
hotd Camden:*—

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<' Ywr Lordship win recoDtct thai I fthraf»«pdb»af||» \
•eaiOD with bprror, «» being extremely fatal to Earopeas^; wA
«iir journey from the Oaanbia to tha Niger will fnmidi a J
choly proof of it.

** We had no conteft whatever with the naliv«i, miri
MM af lu killed by wild animala or any other accidants^ and y«t
I am sorry to say that of forty-four Earopeana who l^ft the Gam*
hja. in perfect health, fkve only are at preaatt alive* via» three aol*
dkia»<one deranged in his mind) Lieutenant If artyn^ and myael£«

? From this aceoant I am afraid that your Lordship wil) be 9ft
to consider matters aa in a very hopeless state; but I assnreyou %
amfiir from desponding. With the assistance of one of the soldiers
1 have changed a large canoe into a tc^erably good schooner, Oif
board of which 1 this day hoisted the British Asg, and Aall «et
Sail to die East with the fixed resolution to discover the termifi^
iion of the Niger^or perish in the attempt. I have heard noAin^
I can depend on respecting the remote cpurse of this mi^^Uy
stMsos; hat I ammore and mora inclined to think that It oaa
cad no where but in the sea* . .

<< My dear ftiend Mr* Anderson and likewise Mr. Scott ai^botb
4ead; but though aU the EvjM>peans who are with ma should 4iOj
and though I were myself half dead« I would still perseveva $ «ad
if I could not succeed m the oiiuect of my journey, I would at h^
die on tAie Niger."

»
Itseems that Mr. Park wa.s not without the fear of being attad^ed
hy the people of Surka or Soorka and Maliingo^ who inliabit
the North bank 6f the river betwixt Jinnie and Tonoibuctoo, kar
«D the 15th he bought bullock hides to form an awning to se*
cure him from the spears and arrows of that people. ^

The Kingof Bambarra having also some suspicions of the hos-
tility^ <^ his Moorish subjects towaids Mr. Pliffk, a%nified%i wish
for his immediftta departorey which took plaeeon IbelMk
November, 1805. Here all authentic infonnation frotii Pari
Jdm$elf terminates.

Ifp accounts but of an unfavourable nature having been'coU
lected from the Interior during the space of four years, Lieut.
Col, Mwwell, then Governor of Senegal, obtained permission
pf Ooy:eroiK2ent to send some person in quest of Mr. Park, and
learn if ppssible the fate of this ehterprising traveller. H(B wsji
singularly fortunate in engaging the very person who had been
Park's guide as 6r as Sansanding. Accordingly Isaaco was
dispatched on Tiis journey in January 1810; and having itt
Madina ascertalpe4 the truth of Mr. Park's death from the

FonaT communication of Amadi Patouma, the guide whom
^-t<)oI^with bim from Sansanding, he returned to Senegal

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/ i>i<hwiiiitrtai|»^ of tbifli

g. inrfimifjpfdiyijoccunettce . n>

v^'iit.wmlt caaremexegret.thatjN/ijiyri^^wdertbe necjessity

of waiving the discussion of those points which we bft^ markeq

^r'^dl'*Td9'%nf6&^V and to omit tbose observatiooA which the

'-^ I4is£m the Journal of baaeoj and that of Amadi Fa-;

;SjiiM impefipxislyd^ * ' ;

•- J Itricoflduding We ftave briefly to remark that, werfe it not fot

.*; e3U'en^jf,tl,i^ commerce of an oppre^j^d and ftrofr«i-JWir/«t

: wu^OTV and the diffusion of reason over the clouded ' perccp^

^QUS jpTlw^arous nations — whose besotted chiefs revel only in

. . . ]^c lust oi^despotic power — who are mighty only by the v^ndic-

Axss tenor which they cast around; and whose commandSj^

t seldom emanating from the dictates of wisdom or humane

feeling, huny into oblivion alike the wretch and the innocent

^'- victim of their wrath, — we should be inclined to ex.claim. with

'^' aiirelegant Poet

• r. c

;•• i».

Curst be the gold and silver which persuade
Weak men to follow far fatiguing tmde !
The lily peace outsliinek the silver irtore^
And life is dearer than the ^otden ore/

r---A

Ant. HI.«— 7%e RoTAL Militabt Cauh^ai j cot/Uakmg the Servka

' lOf ^f^^ General Officer in the BriiUh Army^Jrom the date of tkek

• ^h}t)firs^Com9mg^M. H^i^anJppendix»conia^,ni7iil^ Account of tk§

; i^>eratums of the Army on the Eastern Coatt of l^w,Jn 18152-13.

By JoiiN pBihUffkhT, E$q, Editor ofjhe Royal Milit(xry Pamn

rama: Author of the Northern Campaigns of 181^ and 1813;

Campaign in Germany and Prance ; Memoirs of Benerul Moreau $

Memoirs of the Prince ItoyHl of Sweden ; and other MiUtary

fforks: iMtate-prioaie Secretdry^ ^ ihe Right Hon. Lord Sheffield.

lit 9 Vols. 0^0. Pp: ^m;aw}^ %Eirton; / ;

JLuu j||.fupaoft^.a4suial))fi yonf^anion tp the enierttMng pMir
c^ti0^^cWdi}ie.A«^^ With all th^ elegance of cwi'^

^fimtionj^^XoA^^i^Xi^^e — ^with all the luinir

^ntmnWf^i ws^aiiomy ^ntiall th^lFo/^'icli^j^ ofjTr^^t^^ whicli
so ^mphfiiif^ifilif clu^l^^it^ ^aiSyingJeu d esprit; It pos-

eesacs daims njkln the Attention of all who love to dwell on the
'adventure of a rej^-^coat, or to trace the pedigree bf military
promotildn. Sorry should; we be^^nay^ unpardonable woidd be
our crimQ^ to sufi^s o pfr^cious an eiIii3ion of genius^ so splendid h
specimen, of reseafchj^ t'qdrop from the press tlnnoti(*ield-aiul
.neglected. Aud though f^r trom. imagining tlw^t our'h^ble
comments will give any Very great impetus to ita^i^tM^lBon^
Crit. Rby. Vol. II. October, 1815. 3 A

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we yet feel peculiarly bound to lay open before our ireaderi Ae
general nature of such a treasure, as well from our respect for
the inimitable talents of the learned author, (we beg Mr. P*»
patdoo^ the learned compilerf we ought to have said) as to
demonstrate to them, how much enjoyment of the " feast of
reason and the flow of soul" they are destined to lose, should
Ibeir ill stars dissuade them frpm closely examining the original
charms of so interesimg an object*

In undertakmg this task, we impose no onerous burden on
oorselves. For we may say of the beauUes of Mr. Pbilippart,
ftt was said upon a far less momentous occasion, — oh una difce$
cmnes. So happy, indeed, is the uniformity of style, so mutually
congenial are the several parts, that we will venture to defy
the acutest discriminator to point out the least evidence of
idistinction among them, or to shew a single instance whereia
the writer is giMty of a deviation from the ** even tenor
of his way." It has been objected to some authon», that
iheir works too frequently display drfierent degrees of ability,
^-are too often deformed by abrupt transitions or deteriora-
ting expressions, — and not seldom exhibit such palpable in*
equalities of style, as throw a very considerable shade over
tbe brilliaQces and better qualities distinguishable in oth^r
passages. Sensible of the propriety of these remarks, and
itttdious to avoid the failings they depict, Mr. Philippart, with
a noble ambition to preserve an undeviating level, has wrought
out a brace of books which amply evince the superiority^ of liia
endowments; — from beginning to end the same el^ane§oi
description^ the same depth of rejiectumy the same purify of
taste, is too abundantly manifested, to be invisible to any one*
Indeed, it is impossible to say of Mr. P. that he is any where
*^ himself again,^^ for he is' himself throughout; the same
^^ yesterday, to-day, and to-morrow."

The motives which impelled Mf . PhiKppart to his present
Jlisinteresied eiibrt, are thus summed lip in the pvefiace.

*' The period at which the Royal Military Calendar appear^
the Editor considers as one truly auspicious to such an under^
taking: at the conclusion of a long, vigorous, and oflentiua
doubtful struggle for the rights of nattoM ; (! !> aad the com*
mencement of a peace, glorious in itself, and which, to allhumaa
-perception, wears the aspect of permanency: a peace effected
-more by British wbalth> consistency, and valor, than by all
the efforts of those powers, whose vital strength was exhausting
(exhausting what ? — ^Mr. P. means^ we suppose, that it was ev
httusting itself) by its protraction. These considerations, com-
^ioed with a knowledge that the British army bore a distinguished
lihare in the grand denouement, induce him to hope that a com*

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smapnihr* display of tbe Tuluable senrices of tto QeiMnd Offimp

will be received with approbation by their fellow-citiateae."

Here, gentle Reader! you have a full developetaent of tke
subtime caases whieh prompted this' H ercakan ta$k. Knowing
the reputation whieh Mr. PhiUppart enjoys for an abhorrence
of all Cime-feivtiig condvct, and well aware of his taiimpeachf
^Me v^TOiH^r ve «re led, every one most be led, after perusing
this dtHgh^d paragraph, to entertain more than a trifling
dofobt of the authenticity of that series of intelligenoe which
luui been pouring in upon the public mind for these last fifteen
months, and to beliere that instead of truth and reality, we
haiw been indulging nought but dteams and speculation*
jSurely, when Mr. PhOippart, with Pythian voice, solemnly
janounoes that the << struggle" which convulsed £unq»e, some
few years back, was maintained by England and her allies for
90 earthly object but to establish ^the rights of nations,'' no
one can be so disrespectful to so emineut an authority, as %b
vdmt credit to the information ;. on ^the contrary, all (for the
infatuation is epidemic) must blush with indignation at finding
that they have hitherto been made the subjects of an imposi^
tion, having no parallel in the hititory of artifice and folly.
When it is declared by this omadar gentleman^ that the
*^ struggle'' was <^ for the rights of nations," and that it was
^hmou^y triumpbant, who ean still believe that the principal
feutoce in its eondurioti was the forcing on the -throne of one
of the nations engaged, and i^inst die expressed wiHof that
nation, a family which had been put under the ban of perpetuid
•political excosmninicatidn? Who -ean still believe that another
of its 4*onsequences was, the re-subjection bf a whole people^
with whom we had pretended to fight the battles of independ-
ence, t^ a bigot, a tyrant, and » perseeutor, — a roan by whose
lips the praises of heaven become polluted, by whose mandates
the worst crimes are committed,r«Ki man celebrated for nothing
but what is odious in human nature ) Who can still believe that
a further nesult of this *^ struggle for tbe rights of nations" was,
what was little less than a ^M^e slave trade, the cutting off
of hundreds of thousands of human ^beings,- in the Noriheita}
Bastem, and- Southem districts of the European continent,
from the commnntties in which they had liv«d, and tiunsfetring
them, as so much animal baUast, to the vessels of other staltea^
to be tfie sport of inexorable despotism^ and the victims' iX
illegitimate' power ? Lastly, who ean continue to believe tliM
tiie state which first instituted the contest, which created the
volcano, and fanned the flames it sent forth, exercised with
figwup iilflfxibility, poidiag titie war^ .and at its teiminationj

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•« tyranny orer the seas, at least as grierous and as incompa-
tible with the '^ rights of nations" as any that could possibly
be pradfcised on land ? — Doubtless, such notions are without
the shadow of a foundation. Aided by the reipkndma tUinnt-
natkm of such an expositor of truth as Mr. Philippart, the
fublic will be now enabled to dispel the thick darkness whidi
Tor^o many years has overhung their minds; to refute the er-^
Tors of their senses; and to perceive at last, notwithstanding
they have been impressed with an entire belief in the statements
mbove mentioned, notwithstanding they have felt convinced that
an excluded family has been forced on a neighbouring people^
notwithstanding they have credited the account of the mfema-
lities in another country of a ramification of the saaie.faiiiil]^
the outrages perpetrated on the independence of minor powoa,
and the arbitrary maritime dominion set up by a govenunent
with which themselves are not uneonnectedy— that their ideaa
4iave been chimerical, and their ways the ways of blindoeaa %
that the *^ struggle" was, in very deed, for the ** rights of mo-
tions," and that those '^ rights," so far from having been in-
vaded by their alleged advocates^ have been secured to tfaeir
Ml amount.

It is in politics as in physical science ; crude and erroneoua
conceptions are entertained, the mind gropes in its own mists
and revels in its own idle perplexity, till some luminary appears
to direct the errorist in his path, and teach the truths of ge«-
xiuine philosophy. Had not the star of Bacon or of Newtom
-arose, the douds which enveloped the human intellect from
the general prevtdence of the Aristotelian and Cartesian doc*-
trines, might still have remained impervious. Is not Mr. Phi«-
lippert the Bacon or Newton of political science ?— The people
of England are for many year»iromersed in the gloom of igpth-
ranee, they are entangled in the labyrinths of self^^deception,
industrious only in error, delighting only in hallucination ;«-*up
rises the star of Philippart and sheds at once such a blaz^ ct
light over the whole siuface of their understanding, that th^
' see things which before they were too deluded even to imagine^
A revolution is completely efiected iii their thoughts, thqr pos^-
sess fact iVi the place of falshood, and are made wi8e,-F-tnough
we fear not *' unto salvation." We trust that posterity mil
be as grateful to Mr« Philippart as we are ;«-«if they be^ there
can be no doubt that he wUl be canonised.

Thus, It will appear, are we acutely sensible of the tranaoen^
•dant geniuSj and, let us add, phUantkropy, of Mr. Philippart,
It must not, however, be suppressed,- that there is one tns^gni*
Jicant troth recorded in this mempro&fe panjgraphj the iivent^

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of frtich we should ha?e supposed seff-rapectf afaomi^wlHcli
Mr* P. may proudly perform, woulu have indignantly rejected |
Hbecause the high and eommanding character of an enUf^iiam
qf mankind is somewhat compromised by sinking to the doll
level of commdn place notoriety. After conveying the Novxi.
^inMtruction on which we have joyed to d^^cant, how could
Mr. P. so derogate from his own dignity^ as to condescend 16
tread the path of vulgar and homely knowledge, — ^to state ths
.fact,- that << British wbaltb*' mainly contributed to the resto*
jrationof peace!— Ignorant as it seems we were, jgnoiant as
were the people of England, of the real object of the ^^ stmggU,"
0til\ neither we nor they were so besotted as to be unconscioQa
joi the prnne agent by which it was carried on. All person%
we will be bold to assert, are ready to lay claim to $ome ttlfe
aeqnaintance with this fact. And^ whatever might be the ma->
fives which actuated Mr. P. to pledge Im word for its trothy
we can assure him with great confidence, that the whole host of
.gaolers, sherifis'-officers, and workhouse*keepersy are piepsred
to verify it from actual observance.

We shall now exemplify the eloquent manner in 'which tha
^' commemorative display of the valuable services of the Genov
ral Officers'' is executed*

'^ Field Marshal His Royal Highness Ernest^ Puk^ of Camber*

land, KG.
<' Colonel of the I5th Humrs.
** His Royal Highnbss commenced his military services in the
'Hanoverian army, under the particular superintemlance of tte
present Lieut. G(*n. Charles Baron Linsengen, and served tite
campaigns in Flanders. He entered the British service as LieiiS«
Gen. ISth May 1798; H. R. H. was appointed Gen. the Ktt.
JSept. 1603 5 and Field MarnhaU 9«ch Nov.1813.

'f Gen. Charles, Marquiss of Droghed#, KJP.
^' CoUmel of the I8th Dragoons.
* " The ISth Jan. 1765, his Lordship was appointed laeot CaL
by brevet; 7th Dec. 1759, Lieut. Col. Commandant pf the 19th
light drag. ; 19th Feb. 1763, Col. by brevet; 3rd Aug. 1768, Col.
18th drag.; 30th April 1770, M. Gen. ; 25th June 1773, Col. in
the R. reg. of Irish artillery^ «9th Aug. 1777, Lieut. Gen.^ l^tli
Oct. 1793, Gen.

'« Gen. the Hon. Alexander Maitland,
'' CohnHofthe 49th Rot.
" This officer was appointed to a company in the 1st foot
guards, with the rank of Lieut. Col. 6th June, 1756; Col. by
brevet, 19th Feb. 1762; Col. of 49th foot the 25th May 176^;
1il.Gen. 25th May 1772; Lieut. 6en< 29th Aug. 1777; and Qm.
4Sthi>ct^l79S, , , .

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9H JEnwM^ialugk

" Gen. William, MaiqiuM of Lothian^ K.T.

'* Colonel of the 2nd Dragootu,
*' His Lordship ivas appointed Col. by brevet the 25th May*
JTWi M. Gen.5i9th Aug, 1777; Lieut. Gen. 20th Nov. 1789|
and Gen. Srd May 1796; the 23rd Oc^ 1796, his Lordship wa«
jippointed Col. .of the 11th li^ght dragoons, and Uie27th. Jan. 1813,
remoiyed .to 4he Colonelcy of the^nd drag.

*' Gen. the Hon. Henry St. John.
*' Colonel of theSeth Foot,
' ** This officer was M. of the 9lBt foot ISth Jan. 1700; be rev
teeivedthebrevetof Lieut. Col. 13th Feb. 17fi2j the Lieut. Ceio*
neky of the 67th, .9th Nov. 1767; the hrev€t of <]k>l. lltii Jan.
1776; the Colonelcy of the 3eth 28th Nov. 1778; 4henink ef
M. Gen. 19th Feb. 177^ $ Lieat. Gen. 28th Sept* 1787 1 «Dd G«d.
<M4h Jan. VJ97-

'< Geuj St Johii svas on service at Miao«» with Hie 67(h foot^
lie also s 'rved on the Staff in Portugal, ^& A4jut, Geo. tQ .U^e la^
^rd ^udojD."

Senke9 suich as these ivere surely wortliy of such a pen w
Mr. Philippait's. To say that he has not done them justice,
would be to rob him of his best deserts. His own services are
IftI least 3S *^valujable*' as those he describes. Emulous to
jbeep pofe with his theme, determined not to be eclipsed by its
trilJ^ncyfhe shows that if he i^nnot achieve the ker<AcdMfl$
"dHiiese *^ General Officers," he can at any rate rival them hj
(lis powers of language.

^.••We had intended to produce a few instances of the peffec^
^jovrtp wkiph Mr. Philippart has brought the grammar of our
'Btootber tongiie^ but oax farther reflection, we tliink it prudent
.to aband/oo the design. Were we to fulfil it we should only
partially, very partially, gratify the curiosity of our readers, which
jby this time must be sufficiently tumultuous, to disdain tksp^pif
fnen of the pr,e when the mine is so easily accessible. Vp

r I ■ II .1 ■■'■■■

fijLT. III.— 1. Jn Answer to the Speeches of Mr, Abbott, Sir Johm

J Nichol, Mr. Banks, Jre. ^c. on the Catholic Question, debated m the

Ifouse of Commons, Uih of May, 1813; with additional Ohser*

vatums. By George Ensoil^ £«f . Author of different PvbUga^ons*

9vo. Pp. 116. Johnson.

f.^Ko Veto : Restoration of rwlaUd Rights. By Gboigb Evsoi,
^ ' ' Es^. 8vo. Pp.63. Dublin. 1816.

^Concluded from p. 8€3,3
In oiu- previous remarks on Uiis interesting snbiect, we hvrt
idverted to the early state of Protestant asceodaDcj in tUs

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coiiAtry, and demonstrated the total unfitness of durtlietfLe^
gislators to act with justice or moderation ; or to establish

\ laws suited to posterity. We hare adduced the peaceful con-
dition of other countries wherein points of religious controversy

• subsist, as illustrative of the universal liberality that accomr

E' antes the present improved state of society. And, finally, we
ave examined the disputed points in the Romish faith; whicb^

if they cannot be supported by the internal evidence of their
I wiadom, are nevertheless entitled to some respect, from their
f accordance with the dogmata of the Established Church. HaT«

SDg arrived at the conclusions, which fully refute every argii-^
I Stent that could be raised against the most unqualified emanci-^
I pation, we will investigate the puerile objections of those who

are still unfriendly to the Catholics.
I Of these the non-observaiice of oaths is the most insulting

and untrue. It is, perhaps, scarcely necessary to notice a point

ao ridiculously groundless; and which is deddedly confuted by
^ the commonest observation. Yet our author has replied to- it

with so much amiable warmth, that we cannot refhun fioni

ajrtractiDg his words.

I " With the most cruel and preposterous flippancy^ they wouM

impose oath after oath upon the Catholics, while they declare that
oaths are disregarded by them. After the most solemn and deci«

^ sive avowal by individuals and universities* that pr^iaiBes whe-
ther given to the Catholics or others, should be preserved invio-

' lably, they state^ that it is the Catholic doctrine that faith should
not be kept with heretics. When have Catholics, in their inter*

! course ni^ith Protestants, trifled with their oaths, since Prqtestants
impeached their character for truth by the sequel of the treaty of
Limerick? The Catholics not to be believed on their. oaths! wheit
tiieir consciousness for a political oath (no insuperable bar to some
lay and ecclesiastical Protestants,) has prevented theni from enjoy*
ing, for many generations, the object of their present anxious ap«
plteation to Parliament. The Catholics regardless of their oaths!
Have they not evinced that they chose to remain aliens and out^
casts in their native land, rather than admit any seeming compror
mise between their duty and their rights ?

" The existing opposition to the Catholics displays a tissue of
ignorance, silliness, craft, and audacity. The solemn mockers of
Church and State — the blind devotees of loyalty — the monopolists
of the only true religion — ^ransack the writings of Controver-
sialists^-coUect some furious opinions, uttered by Papist zealots;
in ages of darkness, and these triey impute to the Catholics of th^
present day. The same champions of orthodoxy would represent
the Pope now, to be the same personage that formerly authenti-
eaked and annulled treaties between sovereigns^ conferred king-

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d^pikj .trod oa Upgs> quarta^^ bemitpheref, aod'an«til^Bi«kis^
prinees and people. They aisume that his authority and power
aie nnimpaired^ though his temporal dominion has ceased -, thougjx
one half of Europe has withdrawn from his spiritual supremacy ^
mnd though many of those who side with the Popedom contlnae
their attachment chiefly in respect for what it was, or in pity for
tlQU injured man, Pius the Seventh,who has been despoiled of iH«
wincipality, and who has survived his freedom; (this waft ptib-*
Iklied in 1814) still they affect alarm ; still they introduce tbe
Pippe into their discourse, as if he were not only the stupendoas
moBarch of former times, but as if the spirit of the Old Maa of
t^ Mountain, had migrated into him — as if the Catholic Priests
w^re his assassinate subjects, and that they were able to oblite-
rate the Protestant faith and the JBnglish people. Yet the Pope,
not mauy years ago, was protected by a troop of English soldiers,
from the violence of the people of Rome — ^the seat both of his
temporal and spiritual sovereignty."

. The turopenaity lo proselytism^ is another of the formidable
diargea, which the taunting and overbearing friends of into*
larahoe have strongly and repeatedly uf ged against the Catholics^
This is one of the most silly objections that can be raised .
against any particular religion ; because it is a characterisUc
ptttftxtf of every description of faith, to suppose its own supe-«
rionty over others, and consequently to procure conyerts bji'.
eveiy- exertion. The ttuth of this observatbn applies maigt
foTQifaly to a class of dissentersj who b^ve long been more nm^<
merous than respectable :— we mean the Methodists; who are.
imddng rapid inroads upon the bluntness and sincerity of out
national character^ and substituting the whine of Calvinism in .
tlieir place. The Established Church, if it displays not the
^aoie earnest zeal, neglects its most essential duties; which U
the principal cause of the great mass- of society having become
dissenters. But the Legislature has amply considered the
i^pathy and indifference of the Protestant clergy, and devised
jBOst ingenious methods, a system of persecutioB and bribes»
to aoake proselytes to the church. Mr. Ensor, in reply to the
obsianradonsof that transcendaot genius^ Mr* Ryder, says;

*' Hera we perceive Mr. Ryder, a minister of the Crown, com-
plaining of Catholics proselyting Protestants, when the Prates^
taiki government of Ireland has been, year after year, granting
forty thousand pounds to charter schook» the. professed object
oLvlucl^ was to proselyte. Catholics, 4md. by the most insidious
means, for the supervisors of this chartered society may be cha*
racfterixed in the words of Addison on another occasion : ' These
people lie in wait for our children, and may be considered as ^
kind of kidnappers within the law.' If the Catholics were bus;

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EiMOT on CathoUc fmondpatkm; 977.

to prbselyte, they might plead the law of self deflencej but the
imputation of Mr. Ryder, was like the random assertions of th9
party. When called on by Sir John Newport for the vouchers,
ef his reproach, this miserable Secretary faultered, prevaricated/
and the calumniator and the charge sunk together."

Every statute that has imposed penalties or disabilities oa^
the Catholics^ has been generated in the ardent spirit of pro*
selytism, equally with those* which have unequivocftlly held out
J bribe. By the eighth of Anne, thirty pounds was granted to
every Catholic priest who should become a Protestant, which
was afterwards increased to forty. With such incontroveHible
arguments against these Protestant zealots, how will they resort
to such pitiful reasoning? As to any peculiar anxiety ascrib*
able to the Catholics of making converts, the universal decline
of their numbers shews,. to tlie clearest demonstration, that they
are not to be dreaded on that account. When we turn our at-
tention to the state of Europe generally, and observe the per-
fectly inoffensive spirit of the modern Catholics, and the libera-
lity that characterizes all parties, and contrast these with tha
State of society when the Pope was the sovereign of all, it must
silence every alarm that might be entertained as to the possifai'*
lity of our again being converted to the unphilosophical opinkma
0f former ages.

It is really amusing to reflect on the whimsical apprefaoi-
sions expressed by the different opponents of the cause we
advocate. Mr. Abbott reiharked, that << he dreaded, if Roman
Catholics were once admitted into Parliament, they would soon
gain an aseenclancy over the House, or that, if their ambition
were opposed, they would take an illegal career, and form coa^*
litions which would ultimately endanger the State." This
assertion is too unsubststltial' to 'injure the cause of religious
liberty : it scarcely provokes, a reply. Can any one so deci-
dedly prostrate his understanding at the shrine of bigotry, as
to dread the whole body of Catholic influence in either hoosd
of parliament ? . Admitting even that all the Irish members
were of that persuasion, what possible mischief could he ef»
fccted by lOa Catholics against 558 of a contrary belief? From
the Irish peers there is still less cause of apprehension, tbei^ .
number being limited to 28 ; and were they too all- C«tlH)iM%
tbey would be opposed to the whole body of Engilhfar aod^
Scotch peers, which oansiats^ including t^ie £ishop9,>of 'aboui--
jS44 members. .:.*::

. It is absolute nonsense to speak of the danger to Protes^mit^
ascendancy from the prosetytin^r spMt of the CatholiiJs. Such'*
aAld^a is equally contradic^fed !)y experience, as^'ftis'tepugiiaAt'

CwT. Rbv. Vol. II. OcUker:, 1815. 3 B

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d^B Elisor on CatftoUc Einanctpaiion.

to reason. The human mind, as it acquires Ipowle^e * anj
reflection, does not retrograde — it advances. The Catholic
religion requires an early induction : it is construqted' g^ faitb^
which, in the present exilightened period of the world| can onl;
be acquired from childhood. Every religion supposes its own
perfection, and each is anxious to acquure converts* But if
our own church, being devoured with supineness^ lose ^ouud
by its apathy, and create disgust by its intolerance, does it fol-
low that we are to embrace the superstition of our forefathers^
as the only alternative in such a situation ? Is it not more ra-
tional to coocinde, that if the Romanists were not to be perse-
eutedj they would avail themselves of the universal progress of
knowledge, and change as they have done all over the World ?
.< Not satisfied with imputing to the Catholics the desire tp
subvert the Established Church, Mr. Abbott unequivocally
asserts, in his frantic declamation against them, ihat '^fhe
firamers of the Bill (Lord Castlereagh and others) were not so
much bent to procure the Roman Catholics religious tolerance
as to secure them politiccd ascendancy/' This is realty too
trifling to be noticed seriously, notwithstanding Mr. Eosor Has
condescended to refute it. Mr. Abbott has called in the as-
listance of Locke* and Burke.f In order to render them ser-
viceable to his plan, he has selected unguarded expressions add
iM>iated sentiments, that do not correspond with the general
tmor of their avowed opinions. Our author, who ever displays
S mind naturally fertile in genius, and equally matured by mdg-
ment and research, has rescued fnom the ignominy of religious
bigot^ those powerful naxnesi and ably refuted the misrepre-
sentations and erroneous opinions, promulgated by the enemies
ta religious equality.

• Mr. Abbott chooses to embellish His remarks on this subject
with the frequent mention of the term Toleration ; and to refer

- * The opinions of Mr. Locke are so profoundly true, that we, also* cannot
fcftahi from selectiiiif somt short tztracts. Spei^mr of the partiality efoor
yoverament in matters of religion, be observes, " AlMolute lilierty, jpst sm
tnie liberty, equal and impartial liberty^ is X^^ tbing;.w<xat«n<} i^st in Bfedo^
iic". He also deprecates a << predominating' taction <« Court Chu'rirhj tt*t
frequeoUy the name of the Church has been made use of, to throw dust in peo-
i4e'fi em." And he speaks jnot more; lavqfif^ly of tii^.alliaoce of ^^^
Church. " For who does not see that tUes^govo^ lEi^en^re mdeed mor<; M^r'

' leraol the (irov«rfimtf»/, than Ministers of the ^^o^d." .

" + Mr. Burke, In his second letter to Sir H^rculet Lasgilsh, writ«, '^t**
ftiHttof thetnaf«eril this : you mte psitly JtMauf^ yany rdf itiny nm ^^"^

-iiitti, thtU descHpHM ^f year pa^ytef«who9ti Wij^^<» fnmdfleai tkmtk ffj^
and kamuaidkciflme, might makethdm aaiiuiMcili|kdykft<V«nii^th«t H^

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En9ar on CeiihoUc ^mancipation. 379

to^e Aevolulipn, as the complete pctfection of it,* accordiiig
to his m»erml nodons of right. The honourable gentleiDan, in
selecting this period as a subject for encc^ium, mast have fot^
jgotten ti)at Catholics sat in parllafnent subsequently to that
time } and that the law for their exclusion froni the Irish legiir^
laturewas not enacted nntll the year 1691. Indeed, for the
honour of human nature, we would desire id persuade oufrselv^
that he likewise had forgotten most of the disgraceful and tip^
palling statutes, that at ihat period, and even until the present
reign, protruded tliemselves, as a lamentable memento of Pro«»
testant feuocity.

But what is the significatiefn of this prostitoted tertrip ^
eften, and so tnapplicably used? TolendJon, as has beefi w«n
observed, is not the epposUe of intoleranee, foot it* is tlie eotm^
teffeit of it. Both «re despotisms. The one assumes the
right of withholding Itbertjy of conscieiice, and the other tf
granting it. It is obvious that the empire of the Law termb*
nates where that of Conscusncb begins. Hence it is deaf,
that the slightest attempt to shackle the fVee and unrestrained
right of man, to worship his maker after his own mode, or tb
deter him from professing any particular species of faith, is not
only ia itself impious and presumptuous, as applied to the
J)eity9 but intoleruit as jeonnected with die individuaU It
t^annot be said that a religion is tolerated, when restrictions are
imposed upon its professors, which render it injuritos, 'ttVf
'even ruinous, to subscribe to its t;enets. That cannot be cMtA
tolerant which imposes exclusive disabilities and penalti^. M
well naJght it be said, that the.State tolerates . the perpetra^ioti
of erime, because it permits it'undet certain penaltie^^ vid
beciiusd the putiishment is not co-existent with, hut .conse-
cutive on the offence. We will refer to our author far a d^
scription of the toleration enjoyed by Catholics under the 48ri»»
lish government;. . .

'^'^ What;" he enquires, ** is^ia eomfslete system of tcdeianca!,
HUB largest scope of religious toleration^ with regard to the £n^

' ..* Tbd otiHtiAiis 6f Dr. Jbb0«otiV^in!tfa rtgwd to tlie toleratioB ^r^hted lo
l^isb Caiholics^ may be fbrcibly ^orttn^ted vi'ixh tbose of Mr. Abbott. lu < * i%.
profiatiag the barbarous deVilltatin^^poIicy of the British Govwrttment, wbielr.**
% s^id, *' wn$ the most ctete^blb mode'"^- p^raettttvm,^ be ^ergnlcAliy^
*»*rved: ^^livrTtiE xttrttotiit^off thu doVERtiMeiq* pbrisb, rather TH'sm
M^ MAINTAINED BY iviourTY. Better wooIdU be to restrain the turbulence -of
ibeiuttivee by tbe.au tboiihr (»f ,tbe 6Wor4« and to make them amenable to laV
«iKl filstiee by ao eSactoaf «Mi vi^oitma poUee, tban to f^riiid.tben^ to powdtir

jmjplh thaa, 1^ «a uuvwtttiif pdr8<icuUao» t4> be^^ ^a4 ff^nffi ^^eov V . . «

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880 J^MT cm C^tVmUc SmndpoiidH.

lish Catboliips } « Catbolict in England ar« tderaled w.carjnrtn^lH
.whom the laws have convicted of great crimes, and Whom tbefr
have neither hanged nor transported for life ; they are tolerated
as officers iq the nai^ and army, who have beep cashiered for in-
subordinatioi), or cowardice ; as judges* who have been remove^
from the bench for misconduct; as gfeat officers of state, who
have been notorious for malversation, and abuse of the public:
money ; a$ electors, who have been disfranchised for perjury and
bHbery ; as members of the House of Commons, who, on account
of corruption and subornation, have been declared incapable cf
jseryirig in parliament/*

Our liniits are too circumscribed to permit our followiog Mr.
Ensor through his able reply to the opponents of religioof
freedom. We must content ourselves with strongly recona^
roending these two pamphlets to the perusal of ourreadesa.
He very truly observes that Ireland cannot remain in its prevent
condition*

*' Remove/* |ie says, ''all disabilities on account of rejigioni
opinions. You will then find that though reason may remt*
faith is no rebel. — its prij»ciple is submission — intoleranee lu^y
render it perverse, and persecution will exasperate its energiefl>
while justice preserves it innocent and inofiensive. Let at leaM
all be eligible to all offices in the State, military, civil, and pcdi^ii
cal. This will avai^ ijuove than tbe Peace BUI, with its megjuH
trates and constables, which could no more relieve this disooii«
tented country than conductors pf lightning, set up here an^ then^i
extinguish tl^^ electric fluid in th^ atijpuc^sphere/* ni?

Spealcing of the Police BUI, he exclaims : " > « /

- «' What, you simpletons, would you place Argus with a hf n-
dyed eyes to watch Briareus with a hundred hands^ and caU ^ui
government 1'* F"

, The expediency of conceding the Veto has excited a greirfr
diversity of opinion. -Mcrm importani^e appews- to bet attached
tp this point by both. parties, than it verily n»erits« - Tbe iilannK
ist» claim it.a;$ a guarantee for the good conduct of the CalhcK
lies, and as a requisite dissolution of the^autharitjr of the Popck
We do .not see a nisces^ty for ea^acting yfchis condition from tfhci
C^ithQUcs, because w^ cannot ^iscov!er the slightest possbU-
dang^. f rom 4heir jpcko^i utoqualifiedefn^ncipatian. Y«t wv
think the point might be relinquishedi by tbe«i» without
either, j^atcriuJily, risking the subycrsipn of their religion, or
violating any.p^^.of its foudiiu^^ijil^t priiu^Ie^, Mr. Essor.
havinpr^ however^ uddueed s^me^pc^svAri^aiguaieiits^agaiQi^
the principle of such a ccmcession^ we shall proceed to ifatioe

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Ws«^<«i»v4K<M. He ^mmences hii jpfirtipjilct on tie Vcti?
%y ^'o^ellihisfons. to a distii^gmshied individual. ' '

" The Irish," he says, " calculated On hia gratitude, and cori*
Aded.in his declarationd. — ^Vain people, who judg^ the great per^
sonage in our happy constitution as if he had afiy kindred Witlf

/ ' , or the virtues of ; as if he was to.be judged a|

^her indiTiduals'who are.prone to sin, for lie can do bo wrong i
and wfib'i^ to be esteemed by us inversely as God 'esteems hiif^
VR>r Cfod'ilf 'hd respel'ter of persons, and we, according to our glo-
rious constitution, respect nothing else. — ^It was insisted that tli^
^^t personage hzd f iven a promise to certain Catholic g«»fle-
Itiei^ of distinction, that he would fai'our their cause. A wUee9
Hegent of Scotland (would it had been a Prince Regent J for t^hf
ptkt •f uniformity) told certain leaders in Parliament, who f2*
minded her of her promises of protection, ' it beeame not subjeoB
t^. burthen their princes with promises further tban they please!
to keep them/ .... The first public declaration of that person-^
age, after the restrictions ceased, contained his avowiil that he
liad no predilectmu; something was added t(^ <[ualify this super- .
Ihuiinn magnanimity, and the friends of his youth were said to be
jresiembered by him. It was a short-llv^d memory > for except
«<ltte, who has been remc^^nbered becduie Ke tahnpered with the
ievi()ence of an apothecary, in ord^r tb'pfepare himself forper-
fiAttiing the vice-regal function's ih thb' Bast> the oldest friends of
>biia personage have been Icfss regarded than liis newest acquaint^
Afloe. Ohi mighty so vereijh ! Who at* present, without reserve:
}m»^ff^^dlkc^n9 to indulgis, fib tiieHtntShU fo Ratify. —-^o reseat^
^ents!— Hear this, ye riyefr^ of Britelti, 'and ye mdih^rs and
.daughters of JBurope ! and witness fo^ this^ oh C^uroline of Brun^?

^^Ki^ert^mly becomes a cohstdf^atibn, attaef^d to the V|fto, ;^
iii^uire of what character is the Prince, who holds t^ office oC
supreme head of the church. How then ought we to congra-
tahite tRiifselvtfs,^ \^kn we find him robed in the Virtties. Where
Almll i*B seek hin equal in modem Eutvipe ?' Has he hot dfsi]
tingfaishedlhimsl<!fniB a model fer the moralist in th'c corrcotnfesk'
of hfeHfie? 'Dowfenot find him equally conspicuous for htsf
iove fed maintenance of liberty, as for his ardent patriotism 1^
bhe not, moreover,- eJcettiplary for his'cdnst^ncy and fidelity' itt
^K^aacredoapunties'bf iiuslnind and friend? But, although
we now live nodorthcT^fleeted brHKancy of sotranscend^ri
^personage, we must ahtibfpttte the possibility of our being gtfi'
vcrned, at some Aitiire period, by a sovereign whose name may-
be execrated for tbe depravity of Ws Hfe'; whose 'iensta! qiiall-'.
tM TMy lAni those of ft Hetlry and a Charles; and who/

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9fi| Emojr on Ca^&c Emancipation^

IpiAoat po6«emng the viitues of either, may be distingokhei

\j all their glaring vices. Such characters, we know, lumi
4iigraced society, and dishonoured human nature; we may,
Qioefore, argue upon the chances and possibilities of their agaia
aiiUying a throne. Should the administration of the civil govern-
ibent, even in the remote courses of succession, fall to the pol-
luted grasp of such a character, as we have just imagined, hoW
must every religious institution dread his contaminating Jn*
fiuence, and more particularly if he should be inimical to its
pode of faith ? '

Our author observes ;

" Do thfe Vetoist-s imagine that the patronage of the erownk
Insufficient, and that it still wants an overbearing influence eveq
in the small concerns of the church militant ? Does not the in;
fluence of the crown command or dispose all things by the
millions it receives, and disburses, and confers, I have not heard
of any one who denies that the royal influence has increased;
George Rose admits it : yet the Vetoists would add to this excesi
On what {)erversion of all human experience are we to iroagiti
that the prerogative of the crown will not advance on the fhe6-
dom of the Catholic church? — how (las the negative of tlrt
crown operated against the established church > The nominal elcc"
tion of bishops by the dean and chapter, and the appointment of
bishops by the crown, evince the destination of the Veto. Why
should not the Catholic bishops be appointed eventually by 4#
|rriiice^ or his minister^ or his miniou, or his mistress ?'* ..t

The apprehensions tliat the Veto in the Catholic churdb
might operate eventually as a nomination of their bishopSjj?
pot altogetlier without foundation. The experience of tne
Veto in the established church strikingly demonstrates Aat
ibis negative right gives, in efiect, the power to et^orce the no*
xnination. It is, therefore, possible at least, that should the
Veto be conceded by the Catholics, the encroaching spirit of
the government might manifest itself in order to increa^^
the already orergrown prerogative of the crown; whilst it, ^
the same time, aims at the subversion of the Ca^olic religion
Our author offers some powerful and pointed remarks on tbii
Subject ; and in contemplating the effects that may be pn^
4uced by so serious a concession^ inquires, ." what probabmtf
Ibere i» tM tib(& .Catholic phnrcb should not fall to the patroOf
9ge of thjB ^hii«»b€rWn, or ltQ.,trii^ yic(e.-chamj?erlain, pr to wi
Hyife, or io hisfj/iother?" . . ... ; -'

From the experience of theJ?rjotestant Church, we ccrtwf
fjo poj; desire to |iee tl|e ; Catholic in any. wa^ tya4V ^ ^^^

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• £ntor on Catholic Emandphiton: ■ SOT

ence or controul of the British GoTemment. The Catholi(j
bishops receive no pay from the State; nor do they levy any
tax upon the people. As their income arises from source^
that are altogether voluntary, there can be po reason why th^
influence of the Crown should extend jts baneful powers, bj[
destroying the purity of their election. Our author remarks,
^^ that since the Protestant Government has endeavoured to
make the Presbyterian ministers respectable, acocnrding to th#
verbiage of the Quarterly Reviewers, that is, since it has • id*
(sreased the Regium Donum, many of the dissenting minis terA
have lost their zeal, and many of their hearers have lost their at*
tention, who have for the most part precipitated them^ehrea
into the turbid, swelling, and overwhelming current of MethcK
dism. Such is the effect that will naturally arise from the
interference of Government with the clergy of any clais ol
flissenters. ** Never," say the Hindoos, ^'letaBramin re-
ceive a present from a King." We should prefer to sec the
Veto abandoned by all parties; and some mode of domestic
nomination substituted, which would remove all cause of jea*
kusy and mistrust on either side. Spch a mode might be rea*
dilf adopted, and it could not fail to silence- the objections
prgexi by each party.

' It is manifest, that the wrongs inflicted on the Catholics,
iaust operate as an indelible stigma on the tuttioniil cbaf&deri
.and that whilst their rights e^-e held in abttyanat, Irelaad hmuiI
continue in ^ state of .fermentation. These is a sterling worth
in the Irish character, that entitles it to the most generous tr^at-
xhent: but so long as persecutioii is the prevailing sentiment,
and whilst cruel and overbearing distinctions are systematiesklly
persevered in, it is too noble, too ardent, and too impetuQU^"^
to brook such galling degradation. Nevef . will Ireland Be' at
fest until the British Goveniment shall be just. And ne\*erl
IVe fear, will the Government be actuated by liberal pritlcipl<f
towards our unfortunate countrymen, until the great body of the
f>eop!e shall, in a generous hurst 'of virtuous enthusiasm, Jolij
their voice In the sacred cause of reli^ous liberty.

We must now dose 0ur remarks on this animating subject j
a subject which can never fjlil tolntei-est the feelings of all who
Will honesrt.ly lUvestig'at^ its ' merits, knd whi6h mUst be coh^i-^
flerably advanced and '^ncirfated'bjr thb pmvferful exertions of
ftsl patriotic arid iealotxs adVoca^e^Mr. Ertsof.' 'We^re gfeatly
indebted to that gentleman for the pleasure 'he' hIisafFo Wed* li^
!n'theperusal*bfwese JiubllcatibnsV ' ' , '
" We shall close this artide v^fth the cohduding" paVagrapH
from thepaisphlet on the Veto. '

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S84 PfiAg'^s Vigm(ff<he NefvouB Syttem*

<' If it be rto<nved that tfie Catholics oflt^land shall be dMigeH
to remain in respect to the Protestants as the plebeians o^ Rome
stood to the patricians, (before their state was reformed), let lh«
precedent be adopted entirely. If they are excluded ttotn <A
offices of coQsidetable trust, power, dignity, and emplument, i^
ftkem not be subjected lo the military ballot, and the press-gang'^
themost hideous of all conscriptions; let them Le exenaptea also
Urom contributing to the exchequer of the State^ as were the pie*
beians of Rome, who had, in consequence, some compensation for
their rejection in their immunities; and let not the Catholics of
Ireland exhibit a peculiar anomaly ; anomalous, if we regard iha
policy of former times, or the conduct of modern nations; for
without adverting to the present superior intelligence of memkind^
as ascribable to philosophy and the press, the Irish Catholics and
the Catholics of Great Britain are more degraded than any sect in
many despotic monarchies of modern Europe, and more oppressed
than the populace of early Rome, when they were abused, nay»
execrated by the patridaus. The Catholics ask to be relieved from
disabilities imposed on them in times of violence and infatuation.
They ask to be rdieved from one disgra* e, without incurring ano-
ther. Neither their priests nor laymen demand any positive boon*
The sum of their common petition is^ neither dUgrace um, nor oik us
to diigraee cuTiehoei^* s.

JRT. V^-if Fw €f ihe Retatkms of ^ Nerwms System in Health

ond tn Dueaeei coniammg Selections fiom the Dmertatitin to whiek

was adjudged the Jackeoman Prize for the Year 1813. fi'ith addir-

tkmal lUustroHons and Remarks, By Daniel Pbing, Member of

• the Royal College of Surgeons, Jtondon, and Surgeon ai Batii. 8vo.

. Pp.d56. Callow: 1815.

\L BB philosophy of the present agfc is peculiarly favourable to
the advancement of every science in whose service it is en-
gaged : and physiologists have not failed to employ it advan-
tageously in tbeir investigations. Hypothesis and conjecture
are no k>nger admitted in the place of facts; no doctrine ii
thought worthy of notice^ which is unsupported by the testi-
mony of observation and experiment; observation is verified by
experiment ; experiments are varied and multiplied ; new modes
of interrogating Nature are invented} and the results obtained
by one inquirer are scrutinized aod connoted l)y another. la
this mannuer have the the recent labour;sof Mr. ^rodie, M. Le
Gallois, and Dr. Wilson Philip, contributed largely to increase
the store of facts relating to the nervous system, which we
{previously possessed, aod which had received scarcely any addi-
tion since the time of H&Iler. Those eminent individuals have

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in.t'gt^ flMirare elucidatM served fonctions dthe aoimal
body^ wbich their predecessors^ were unable in any rational
manner to e&plain. Prompted by a desire pf signalizing him*
ielf in -tfie same faonoarable pursuit, Mr. Pring has, in the work
before ns, presented the public with a detail of some, experi-
ments made upoi) nerves, some observations on their diseases^
and several "^abstruse speculations concerning their modes of
action :. his book, though not so full of interesting matter aa
sought be wished, must be allowed to possess some claims to
public attention; but its utility is, in our opinion, likely to be
umited by a frequent obscurity of diction^ \vhich b not in every
43aae, we apprehend, imputable mere)y to the nature of the sub-
ject. Having said thus much, we shall proceed to indicate the
ofKitentsof this volume; premi«ng that the author does not
profess <' to exhibit a compendium of the state of the science on
any one particular, but merely to ascertain a few facts, and to
^hibit occasionally the topics which remain for further investi-
gation.

'The work is divided into three sections, in the first of which
the aothor treats of the natural structure, faculties, and r^la**
ffoiis of the nerves, under the following heads^ — Structure of
Nerves, — Retraction of Nerves, — Re*production of Nerves, —
Rehitiona of Nerves with their Cimtrea»— ^ReUtioas between
Nerves^ — ^Relations of Nerves with Mu^cle$,-r-with the Li^ngs^p
tKth the Heart,-— «Dd with Arteitcs. In the second. Diseases o^
Kerves are descanted upon ; and in the third, the effect of Ex-
ternal Injuries of Nerve$. ».;•'. • .'
'^ We will present our readers with a few exir^ts,. whiob Wj
enable them to form for themselvef iqme . estimate h^ JM.T.
Pring's ess2^ ; — the first we shall make relates to a speculative
question, it is well known, that a limb is rendered ine^pirfylt
of either sense or motion by tlie division of its nerves. ^ , «

: y From this fact it is coppluded th»t tliKse propejrties are dspen* '
4pnt upon the. centre pf isuch mveSj a^upan a i^rc$ from which^
tney are obt^nedf. (..(.,:.'..:. r

^' The conclusion Or this dejpend^nce appears to require no fur*
ther support than (h^V which isaSorded by the solitary foct; but
tiie inference do6s ^ot stop tWe; it proceeds beyond the evidence
of the fact, and assutifies, as sensation is no longer exciteable at aT
remote distribution of a Hervtt, after the division of its trunk; 'tha%
s^nsatidn does riot take |dMe"#!i^fe tbe m^ans aare u>|)iied Whicli
sfaooldproduaeit^ but tltttitft^^fctiam the brain. ^

'.*f As tihe fact doiDS not "OMnyribend this part df tb^ infbrence,
waeamiotbe saidto.poaseati the- etridcncei whkh cnrnpekaMesit:
and as the testimony cited in. b^lf of the conduatoxi^fii satimi^
Crit. Rkv. Vol, II. October, 1815. S C

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586 JPtii^siJ^/tifJbeiTmvous^^^

quale to pfave its. tmUi^ iiJs riot wi|tti»d' tkat.ite refittaftioB

should be atiemptf^x but t})^ the fprc^ o£ th« eTideoce should be
exposed.

** If the nerves derive from the brain a. cap^pity for seose, aa4
if this cnpacHy exist wherever sens^Uop if displayed, theo theajl-
liance of this capacity is with every part of tne nervous system^
'and in its different seats it requires only that the causes should be
operative by ^hich the faculty is excited, and sensation conse-
1)ueDt1y produced. But the source of this property is in the brain :
if therefore the comrnunication between the remoter nerves and
the brain be intorcepted, the presence of the faculty ceases, the
comviUDication d€ it being prevented. The causes which during
the integrity qf the organs^ produced sensation, are non^ not recog-
lilzed, as the presence of the capacity for sensation upon which
they act. is.predudod by the divisioif pf. the mediuijot of inter-
course/* ',.,•.

Now it may be observed that, since sensation consists not in
impression merely, but'tt consciousness of impression, and as
consciousness is generally aliowed to be connected only with
the bi'ain, this organ- may be 'affirmed, without any deviation
from truth, to be really the scat of sensation, whilst the nerves
are the subjects of impression only. Again, the author appears
to assume that the brkih is the source of those properties
which are diffTisedihT9ugh the nerves, rather than to consider
the nervous system as a whole, whereof every part is equally
«apfld)ie of supporting its owri properties. That this last is the
most con^t view would seem probable from cases like the fol-
lovnng : — a child, afflicted with the spina bifiday had a large
sore produced on itt thigh by scaWirig ' vVater, but seemed uii •
conscious of the injury; here the occurrence of those actions
which arc necessary to ulceration proves the existence of a sus-
Oeptibility oF impression, whilst the absence of sensation must
be referred to the Jntcrruption by disease of the medmm of
intercourse between the seat of irritation and the seat of con-
sciousness. Mr. Pring himself, indeedyin a subsecyuent part of
his book, has uneqwocally expressed a similar. opinion. He
proceeds to observe^ that —

**' We have a clear proof, it is said, of the erroneous reference
which we make of the seat of pain, in a very familiar example: a
blow on the ulnar nerve induces the impression of an injury
sustained in its remotest distribution. In this case, which is aa
esceptk>n, we admit the. vniidity o£4be testimony of the senses*
but we refuse to acknowledge it in the extensive range of general
. oQcurreoce. The senses inform us correctly in this, as in other
instances: we are taught by them to refer the sensation ta the
placft where it IsftU,

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' <' ftf *sitpport of tto assumption that the hrain U the seatt>f
aensatiOB, it will be further remarked, that it is common after the
amputation of a leg for the subject to complain ipf pain in the toes.
But this circumstance likewise agrees with the supposition that
the faculty of sensation is derive J from a centre, and in connec-
tion with the nervous organs pervades all the 'parts of an animal
body. This deceptibn is produc:^d physically j an«l if we were
to separate the causaticrn of the pain from its material connections,
[rather obscure !] we should perhaps find that there was no decep-
tion hi the case, ft fe, however, i>ot necessary to trace this'occur-
retice'^ minutely 3 'it U reared only to shew that the fact is no
f^roof that the impression of pain in thetb^ is produced by, and
has it« «eat in, the brain, which wd be evinced if the circumstahce
admits a dif!b*ent explanation.

. ** If the capacity for sensation is iiaciparted from the centre to
the extremities of a nerve, this capacity must be pre&2nt in the
trunk before it is possessed by the branches j if it be excited in the
trunk, the effect, the sensation, will be produced in this place. But
it is not a natural office of the trunk to furnish the same sensa-
tions as the branches : we must therefore conclude that the proper-
ties which are derived from a nervons centre to be distributed to
the extremities are modified ih their course. If the trunk were
nfTected by disease, the cons^vent modifietition of its function
might lead to the same phenomena (operating m the same^eH-
Tation from the ceitre) as those which In thb QODdltion of health
Ate ^rodiftced by the branches^

'^ Tbe pain after amputation, therefore, . whial\ is supposed tp
proceed from the toes, may be explained in a way which is con-
sonant with all the faots) indeed the explanation scarcely exceeds
the facts, which will admit the locality of sensation to exist where
U is referred. In eoosequence of the>ection of the nerye, t^e cut
extremity inflames : the iiatnrialpjfice Qf tltis p^rt of the nerve is mo-
dified by the disease which h^s commenced in itj under the infill-
cnce of this disease the function of tlie extreme branches is assumed,
the faculty of sensat^ion being present hi the cut extremity is thus
excited, and an effect is produced, which corresponds with the local
devifltioB from health/'

This iKscussion, being rather curioiis thtrn useful, we will
not prosecute farther, buft proceed to the article in which the
relatton of nerves with the heart is* ttVifeted'ot . ^^The ques-
tion/' says Mr. Pring, ".which respects this relatio0 has hi-
therto been, whether the actioa' of the,heart is independent of
,the brain) This question has ^ fceeri .^Variously answered."
Willis, jind, his disciples believed^^tli^j njptjon ,of the heart to
depend upon the ceTebellumy whilst the vbluhtary muscles were
jnflis^nQfcl by. thecerefcnrm. Holler wa§ Jed :t>yrl|ip experi-
ments to deny the heart's dependence upon the nervous sys**

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tcm, Mid to infer thkf it pAss^fsses^ hs wefl'te all 6ffi& lnA«afe,
an inherent povkrer of cotitractioiij which he termed' irritiibi!i%y;
or vis inaita; that the muscles^ termed voluntary, are .called
into action hy the stimulus of volition through the medliuai of
the neryesi and th^t iavoluntaiy muscles, f^ucl^^a^, the ^eart
and intestkiaL canal, are excited each byit? appr^^if^terj^in^
iBttlns. Biehit more lately went even so far as.-to affinn.-th^t
the heart cannot be influenced at all tbtoogk the. nexvoiui
syistcm; bat this is contradicted by tbe exf^erielieeiof^every
one who has felt how much the actions of ti^at ^rgtMi lire d»*'
tor^^ by various emotions of the mind. M. JLe iG:alh»iS|4Wie
pf the- latest experimentalists, maintams that the'heiart^ thouj|[fa
jod^pendent indeed of the brain, is indebted for the whole of
its power to the spinal marrow. The publication of this philo-
sopber has excited Dr. Wilson Philip, of Worcester, tp pursue
the same train of investigation, the result of which is published
in the Philosophical Transactions of the present year. By
many well-contrived experiments he has been led to adopt a
modification of Haller's doctrine, not liable to the objections
to which the original is exposed, and has been enabled tq recon-
cile several anomalous .facts, whidh were previously vninteUi-
gible. We can do no jsopre than transcribe the conclusions
which Dr. Philip has formed (rom his experiments, rccom-
mending the perusal of his paper to such as feel an interest in
the epquiry. These conclusions are ;

"1. That the muscles of involuntary motion obey the SBittA
laws with those of voluntary motion.

" 3. That the apparent difference in the nature of these mto-
cles arises from their b^ng Uiider the influence of sticritill.
■ " S. That they ard bbth capable of bdng stimulated tfcrough
the nervous system.

" 4. That the power of both is independent of the nervous
system. ..-...,

/' 5. That what is called the Nervous Sy«teto totesi8ti< of two
Darts, whose existence Is npt immedl tely dependent on each
other J the one performing the sehsbrlal functions, the 6th* c6n-
vpying. .impressions tp and from the sexisoiHum, and "''^^^hout
b^sjtQwing any power,. on: t|ie muscular system, acting as a sti-
^pi^ulus to'it. / ^ -, "

^ , ,*[ 6j. f hat there is, therefore, in the Uibst perfect animaWi »
.CQm^inaUpn of three distinct vital powers^ not* immediately de-
^pe'ijtl^ng on each other :' on^e of the muscular system } Pne of the
^nervoiv^^ 8;f?M?** 'property 'so called; fuid one qf the sensonSl

*5ys{em;'"' •'■■ '' ■ ' '

•' .7, That the, muscular system, though independent or m«

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-n^x^fOT^ JffiXtm, is 6o in^neiice^ by it, l^t fbeiKm^rpf Urn
^ojcipai^n^ay ^ven be dettroyeJ through the nervoas system.

8, Thatboth the muscular and the nen^ous systems, though
independent of the sensorial system, are so influenced by it that
tney may be destroyed through it. - "•

*** '9. That although, in the less perfect animals, vrt litid tfa*
znu9cu!ar life esdisting aloxie, and the muscular and ilerTous exists
lug- trithout the sensorial life, in the more perfect animals thuf
are* na eonneeted that notie can exist long without the others.

** \0. That nuifition, circulatioti, and respiration, are the
TOMtms by which th^ are 8# eonaected«'*

\ Mr. Pring has not expressed any decided' opinio A on tlfe*
subject, but seems to have a leaning towards thftt wliicH
ascribes to the brain a large share in producing the action of
ttie heart. Had he seen Dr. Philip's paper, it is probable tliAt
be would have coincided with him. He has added nothing to
tHe stock of facts relating to this subject^ and this part of hU
essay is almost entirely speculative.

In the next article, — " Relation of Nerves with the Arteries/*
— it is shewn that neither tlie action of the arteries of a limb,
nor the processes of secretion and nutrition, are dependent
upon the medulla spinalis^ since the arteries in the fore leg of
hn animal continue to pulsate, and th^ limb is duly nourished^
after a division of the axillary plexus of nerves.' The question,
whether tlie arteries possess a power of action independent of
the heart, — which is fenerally admitted as a fact, — is likewise
argued at soihe lengUi; and, finally, the author offers some
ohservations on the subject of infiammation^ which we pass

over. ' . ; *

The following case see^ns worthy of notice, as illustrative of
the effects of blood-letting in ^pme, (lise^^cs where the pulse is
slow and labouring.

■ *' A woman flooded after delivery Almost to deatl^ : trfc pla-
centa, wihich adhered very firmly to ^he uterine pariete^, fvas
extracted 5 and there was sciiriely a sensible testimony of the
continuance of Jife.. The action of the heart was perceptible, 'fcwt
more than a ciu^ift^r ot ai^ b»yr ej^vpped before the pulse could l)c
distinctly felt %t tlje^wrist.^ .Vom^iting supervened upon the exhi-
bition of a dose of laudanum, which was followed by the contrao
tion of the uterus* ai^ ^ei^tl\(^ flooding ceased. The wonian
lay about half .a^ hour with scarce any signs of Ijfei " Thi^ pulse
during this tijne, was rising' in fi^llqess, and in freqyendy ; and at
•tlie end of fhe half hour the pulsations, which wer* just suffi-
ciently distinct to admit of b^ing nuitabercd; we#e about 50 iha
inittttte.

The wonaawas^ got into bed; she rei^vei^Qd rapidly; and

((

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bx two hoiRs her pulse rote to upwafdfl of 99 : it conttiiiiiai'i
wards withia the range of from 90 to 110 ^ anil, in ftwelve '
from the cessation of the hemorrhage it prefented the iieosatioa
of a plethora^ which could not be exceeded. This circumstaooo
(which is not an uncommon ope) arose from the disproportion
which iras occasioned between the blood afi a resisting^ and the
eireidating organs, as' an active power/*

On the subject of Tic t>QulQiiureux» after difioossiiig the pro^
bable nature of the afiiecdon» the author enucn^isit^the variotts
^cans tliat have been tried for it$ relief^ and pronounees aB to
bcjneffectual, except division of the affected nerye. But sioce
cVen this remedy is on many occasions tnerely temporary, in
consequence of re-union of the tjerve, he was induced to make
some experiments on rabbits, for the sake of ascertaining
whether, by means of ligature, nerves might not be so divided
as to prevent the possibility of re-unlon : the pain an4 irrita-
tion, however, attending the application of a Kgature seems to
present an insuperable objection to this mode of proceeding.
If the object can in any way be attsiined by tying the nerve,
^o that at the same time the inconveniences be* avoided, it i^
probable that it might be effected by first dividhig the netre
with a knife, and then including the lower portioft in a ligature^
yhich method Mr. Pringdoes not appear to hare tried with thi$
intention, though he performed the experiment on another
occasion, with a view to discover whether the lower portion of
a divided nerve was susceptible of inflamnration. In that in-
stance there was no visible sign of inflammation after the liga*
ture liad been applied fifteen hours*

" The inferior portion of a divided nerve/' says the anttkor^
" will not inflame under the action of a ligature, than which I
know of IJO more powerful cause of inflammation. Notwith-*
/standing this incapacity to inflame under these circumstances, I
have found a destruction of half aA iach of 4 nerve, to take place
in the inferior portion on which a ligature had been applied^ ^
though the nerve was divideid previous to its applicaUon."

And again :

"An injury of a lower portioh of a nervfe mky lead to a thick-
ening of its structure, and determine the formation of matter at
a remote point, and confer all the''accompanim<^htR of inflamnia-
tion, as redness, heat, pain, &c, upon the ii^te^iiient which ift
occupied by the abscess." ' ' ' ' * .

An experiment is related (p. 1379 ^t seq^) iinom which it
appears that «phapelation of the iuteguoi^^is ^ i^overinf^ th^
lower portion of a limb^ sometimes follows a severe' injnijr
Inflicted pn Its. nerves. Odedf the axitiafy/ noraM.vras tight}

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4Mdri9Miil>)i|falPBR-tfi4»tit^^^ tHfee iSireads ; time oUMfti
were :ifictu4ed within one ligfttttye composed of two threads $
and a' fifth was: tied with a single thread : two smaller nerves
^ertf HttfR^red to. renfain tintouched. The tying of the ligatures
jprodutoted potisiderable pain^ which appeared to be ouly ina->
mentary, aod'the leg wais immediatAly rendered motioolesa aadi
insensibfe. About tlie fifth day the skin covering the fooi
4io«flicd^, and tile same process was gradually extended to
iritlu* t«ri» itfcbes^f tlie sttuatioa of the ligatures.
. In-the oowrse of-bis experiments the author found that n
ligature applied on the sciatie* nerVe ^rabbits, at any distan^
Qot^^eater than an i«»ch from iXm v€rtebr<ey occasioned death
in a few-hours. '* The animals for a short time appeared per-
fectly at eascy and. fed, &c. as usual ; on a sudrlen they becaipe
convulsed, and unmi^iaU^ly died." Though the nerve had, ia
evevy iostance^ becojae inflamed, as iiar as its connection witii
tiie.fneche/Ja gpmaiiB^ yet them is season to think with Mn
Pring, that the fatal event cannot be attributed to this circum-*
stance,-^-since tnflamAiation of the medulla spimlig has beea
shown not to be incompatible with life, — ^but that it was rather
Owing to a general affection of the nervous system, in consc-
(Jttence of irritation. Inflamfnation of the nerves was never
found to extend further than an inch and a half, rarely morfi
than an inch, from the point of ihjnky. Wheil a surgedn,
therefore, divides a nerve, 'for the relief of symptoms arismjp
from infljnnmadon^ caused by. putwture or okherwise, his inci-
sion should be made at this distance, at the least, above tfie
seat of the (iisease.

The diseases treated of in the second section are, Tic Dou-
loureu;;:, w)iich has already been slightly noticed, and, ToiDora
of the Nerves, two ca^i^s of which are related as occurring in
tbef^m*. In the first, the tuosor could not be traced to any.
accident, aod. the diseased portion of the nerve (the m^duin)
was cut out to tlie extent of three inches, witli such succes^s,
that at the en<l of six months the powers of the anri were so
far restored tint the patient suffered little or no iritenvenience
in the . use of it; In the second, wlileh occurred in Haslar
Hospital, the disease was owing to a wound from a musket-
baH: the surgeons, believing there w^as no other #ay't)f reWe^-'
ing-the-patieftt, amputated his arffi.

A tumor iu the vicinity of a sourtd nerve, and pressing lipon
it, ma)! produce syinptoxos resembling those ^whioh Htould^atise
from disease of the nerve itself: the cases maybe dtstinguh^hed'
by attending to the elfects of position ; for If the tumor be
pushed aside^ aad p-ressure may thon be mada.upoiiit witbottS.

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/t^WI^F «J^W^:^F "^^ •WW^^'^pPflW^c

a«

tuatKHiy we na^ bej^9ured Ibat Abe (Usoase U.iM>fc jil

The third seeljon:CO0tii^s the afttbor*» eipprjaoff te Bfujj^l
narks oi]hip3ainailition of n^ve% witK ^oioe ^ji^t^trjeftn^ii
tioQs 00 tii^.s^ject pf T^t^^ms*, and the jfolujw% ^y ffJttWJfc
auiniDwy of Jiis iipiojotis rolaliye io life.; we sWli |im^#i/t^
KleclipB^ from H^ article on Totanitf. Ttiie^ .^«iW>|o£^^bib
4is«M!e #r9 related^ two of whiidi were ^^m^fii^s^^^uiiflf^
Ukunus, arisipg from a Jmpfi^cial wouad jo ^t f^liff nrtfei^
aiM^ ipjKilk.i^taMes tenvuaatiDg fatally.. Ti;^ 4iillk«t WMc#o
case of tri^nti^, Q^casjoped by ooUU • n : t* y -:.jii»

; ^' A woman, who had been ttaoding in the street aboot an
hpur in an ip tensely cold day, (in the winter, of 18 IS- 14) wa%
seized on a sudden with a torpor and incapacity of the wholat:
bodyt shewasi perfectly sensible, but she was unable eitlier 'to
move or to speak. Sbe was taken into a house, and nude wtanH:
by a fire; and in about an hour the motions of the limb* iwesM^
restored.

" At this time I saw her, and found Uie jaw so closely loehiA/
that it appeared impossAble^to introduce a sixpence l>etwe^ hft^
teeth. 1 directed th^. fi^ce %nd ii^k to be rubbed with a ntjsiMic.
lating embrocation,. 4tnd tbat itn ii^iectioa should be administeCfA^
The pulse was quite nat^fal.**^

After two hours a cathartic medicine was forced dbwn^ t^f(^
Ae injections ordered to be repeated CTcry three or four hours^^
On the following morning the patient was ia the same stale j^
Ifae cathartic was repeated.

» . . . * -"*

" This operated in about two liburs afterwards, and produced
very copious discharges from the bOi^els. In less than an hotir '
after the ftrst effect of the cathartics, riie was able to open' fi4t^
mouth; and to talk intelligibly ji though, before thiseffect; n»»'t^j
sfightest abasement of the spasn had taken place. A^Mt*' ••Mht-
ness remained about the neck, wUeh gradually left her.*' > ^ • *^'^"' "

The purgative plan of treatment was adopted in tl
in consequence of a constipated state of the howel^
existing, which, it was supposed, migUjijfere in do
disposition to this form of disease : f^^^^lt see
such a conclusion. Tetanus is m jutjj

• Dr. Parn' makes tlie follouin^ impoi
** il, iu ati aiiuflt, the puUe, by the fourtii
perhaps ] 10 bc&tH mMMMlBute, 1 believe ,
if, on the other *ic on the firi

few instances i be fouuj

7'etaMia aiid / »>. iS^

A«^; Pirn f^m ikmm i^m^ ^if

eM9/ ^<iMr Injories dt^he Mlie bind, cr of greater seiMi^j '
l]«|lpelfti; ill otlM^^ or iii flie ton^ ^ttfi^ect, At^'iM at otBeiT.
tfifM4bflo#ed by tUP SBine eAett/' {1^)^ flSf' ti^ ^re-dispo*
Mtion''ttlM^l)l& de^ndfeitt oii dhioroeir^of ttle abdoifilind ^nii^efitf
ll i qH^Mm whMi camft^t M deleMinM iiif fhe prMent fftate
df octf >kifb#tedge^ sevend facts Are eertaibly ftivonrable to the',
flUpp^MHto of an iirtftnate relalioii Between the state^ of tlflte *
-vii^m ihid^tiidt of the ihuscalar ^teth. AJ^miAg some
AtiUge iff Ikelferves to^ be tlie existing eatue of Mdn»#> the^'
«rtiior next exanmes the nature of this changew ' ' ' *

** ^hai titanuM is not produced by inflamiilatioa of a nerve^ and .
iirAot erea cooneeted with itj appears fow th» loUowiii^ dwrnm*-
stances :

. '^ l8t. It has been shown that inffann^i^tioQ' of a nerve does not.
of itself produce specific effects, which are displayed in the phe«
nomena of conrulsive affections.

*' 9d. That ietanus sometimes supervenes upon wounds in
^^ieh there is neither pahi nor irritation $nst, even upon wounds
wtiich have healed, and the cicatrices of fi^lch are in no degree.
pttkM. This test had be^n regarded $B a s^Odient proof of tiio
absenee of inflamtnation of a nerve under that article.

" 3d. The nerves of tetanic patients have been examined after
d^tb> from the place of iiiiittry tp their oetitral tens^nationj and
no inflammatlbn has been observable in any part of their course.
We Yuust, therefore, reject the Supposition of aii inflamed nerve
as the baase of tetanus.

The change which a nerve ioei undergo on these occasions
is supposed to consist in a modificatioa of its properties, not
easy to.be designated i^^Vui influenee of 4he local condition of
tibe nerve is first upon its centie, and the subsequent effects are
produced by the peculiar ctadilio& of the centre, which takee
phoe in consequence of the operation of the local cause. - Thit
IS inferred Arem tiie fac^ that the muscles to which the injured
nerve is distributed, may be among the last to be affected with
the tetanic spasm. Lastly, reasons are given for believing that
the affection of the nervous centre is maintained by the local
derangement, and woul^ cease if the commnnication w^re in-
tercepted: but it IS stilowed that the disease of the nerve may*
progressively extend so far as to leave no room- for interpesi^
tion.

From these prenrisfes^are deduced the feHotiing indfeationi
of cure: ** 1st. To subvert the aetion of the can9««M»^««»
maintains the precHspositita. 2d. To pr^tenf the In^J^SIJ^S^'
Ibe eoi^oined agency upon the centml tcraunal*^*- Utadt^^en^

Cut. Rbv. Vol. IL OcU>ber, 1815.

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394 tjl»^fC(iif^J0m^

The moia^of Mmpi^ ft> #dl« Ih8i»i»di«ftifln»<ii» fMiilt|^

sug^eat themselves to the iotelligent render* ' * ' '»•

From the ^efch ^ow .{Resented it will be jeen'thal* Mr*
Frii% is of an iaqiiiutbe turn pi udi^, eiger ta find qptfthc
hidden things of nature^ and to expoa;^ the veiy springB «itil
nrineiples that aeto^e ptu earthly fraafto^ It i* cvidentt A^ ha
is food of ratiocinationr and yet not deficient in talent^fof expe-
nmefttd^n^estigation^ To those who are fond of. th&diapla|p
of ingenuity, we can prottdse that thi« vobime will affixd than
atttplefo^d/Zoc sp^c^latioo, Tp^ 'the author «• jeaonnMikl
perseverance in a career wb^ caoaot be otheorwiae. tl|an bsaan,,
ficial to himself^ whatever may be the lot of the public. T.

Alt*. VT'.— •!.««* of Caiiii Asudui PetHa, Marcus TerenHiu farro,
and Cneius^ Gomelmi OaUu9} with Notes and Illustrations. By the
Rev, Edwabd Bekwick. 8yo. Pp. 179. Triphook. 1815.

iCMdttdedfr&mp.lBS.} ' *

In' o«ir former R«viewi»'of this interesting volume we hare de*
scribed Caius Asirlhis Pl[jHio' to h«ve been the most aeeom*
j^ished scholar of the 'Augustan age; and Marcus Tentetivs
varrcJ, hfe 'fntimatc friend, to' hav^' been the most letimed'
of the Romans. The object of our present biography tilso
illustrated the days of' Augustus. He was a cdebrrited wwv
rior, as well as poet, and raised to high honours by Bis master ;
butyif wemi^b9)ipw,t^e w.ritings of J>io Ci|saiuS| when the
staj^ ^poUcy i^f-Aiigy^tv^ iqade JSgypt.a forbidden ground, on
wA^iidii'. neither itbe ^i)$),ton| nor tiki«.JRQman knights couVL
peeauoie to :tread». .without the express permission of the Prince^
Aligns^ e^n&rr#d thi^f fipn£i.dential government on Cornelius
GaHss; the |attei> howey^^ oa his eoidtation, ws^ sp jCorget--
fulofl]^insel4. aa to fail in respect to.the Emp^orx and he
moreover became so arrogant as to cause; statues of himself to^
be jsrected tliroughout Egypt, and procured all his former mi*^
Vf>?ifj explojts to. be engraven on the pyramids — the result oi
, «4clVi;QMd^(?t w^ shall hereafter detail,

, Mr,,!pecwJ(ijL>, work .1^ ^Ig^y /cr^tjitable to him as a classic

.i:(9%^»];pj|^. ii iSiW^^egjpij-fllfficu/t.tP jy^^^at.describing the live*

of persons of whom histpry has not preserved anv regular tissue^

fcis;ft^ii|>. fragmenta, tkefefor^^xs^leoted by wpfiiy o£ reading

If; bn ^lot15iiW>i"W^^^ th^tMr.. ja«afwidcii? ^,aU enabled to tcli

fewinftftPCM ^iU^um Goffpseliiifi iGattus «|w.jiWfipQS^ tp hav^J^^mif

^^^■^•^*^«*-*Yw.i>?Rome687-*-tha»..hebflBaiii0 thefi^Mk

.\ « . 1 ^ J '.' ij .11 ... . w.. *

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|fiiy»iiMhMtitif»MwMiiipanJW^ Sh*

U0dmtalViTpitot1mU»et* ... .^-^
. r £iiliiA(ii«h4S8dlns^Miccerdu)g to Mu ]pfenvick--7W8»;Tcnpwii
iD?Al|gttlift «t & time 'when the £mpero^^U)Qd in nee$lqf t|ie(i;j|
*rho ^000)4 ass$t him by their. couQjipl,. ieTO,b*i»-,ta^<^Vs:.^^i
tidnsy ^kuddoeoc^icild the. difiaftVc^d J^jf^Uiit^Ii; $^u$^''^9iiniCit#PMi

BlaithweU^ speaking of G^Ius aDi^-.l||I)^pai^)^.pi|Si^qrp^ t^
(thoqeitwQ young men idded politen«s| A^ibM^^T^totieipriU^
tiesi wbkb fitted thenulo shine «itb«^A ci«yi mw^iH^fUfokam
|B|atcr9M;«ad .w« ^pruJtena Saetoftil«|fihiAiKjUin»uimi ma-
fiofti^iifAmgvKSbikuiA the wat BffauiitJSsktoiiy and Cle6|)aWai
la.vhk^iie gtv^vignal proofeiofittiilitai^ddl} alkd pradetice. '

In support of this assertion^ Mr Berwick fells usy it is proba**
Me that Gallus served in the battle of Actiiim; as, we find him
hi flit-*- following yeir f724), icc6raite't(ithc^m?cdimt'af Dlo
CiA^AiSj at the head of an" army iri8f^;(^g'%^ Axttoiiy um
fb take possession of peidiQQTuni^ thdf'weste^'eate .of Egy}j|;
while Augustus was making himsetfmk<tfef"'6r Petoltiai/tlle

fastetn harrier. ' , ^^

• , • . . ■ ". - •- ,,. •..;• ■ « • .n . .' *"

- "^ As'tt^e soldiers CQinmandcd by GaJjus ^ad for?n,eply - sfjured
Tinder. /aiUitiy,no doubt was enteVteihed "^y th^ir pld genepaH,
BUt'fliat he Would bifeble tp* figAin'theii" j^fffections.by fair . a^
^McHiatoiy hin^age; bf,tf Jhat prd»***'t»tt5U<;cewftil, that he
^VROiM-beftble'to^ofnpel'tMiii to unopUdHi^hal^ i^ubmis^ion^ pro*
iMedM curried irHI^ himi)i^suffierent'fof«b.^ Antony adtancedtS
tha^.mHs.to^peaifc to.l^ sohllers* whcml GalhiB ^rdfeHNl allhii
Inniipetrtfe* Aomd'to.'prnrebl; rtvm m\tivbiAhebsg4miriif'%hi,'^
4unng this interval of suspended action^ he made a suildsniMilf^

^^ff^^'apus is saidt^ hajire. mad^ ^$q of a. ^t^a^gi^iMMVffp^
Aiatonjr^Sf .y«tyy. X)Tiringthe night h9,cau&^a' cbaipsto be strcskd^
' djnper fh^ water^ in the mouth oHhe )||irbou^<^lhejto>ewkeB^:||i^
^aYd' T^hi'ch Was kept up was sITght and in^ofisid^rahk^ A^*
tcfiififjj^\ptt^cbnMe)^hki^^ tf^dly J^cidiii^tp portj'on.

i^hft^lM^ktra hy mci^^s of c^itiiu nikcliws ti^ten^ 'tM chains/
ilnd*9i^Mffitied>ahd^i|^ tK^^Jfl^svthitt ili^^'^tfereeith^^^nlC
pr burnt. ' ' V^"*^

^ 0^, AiigOftu^ufc the* sam«8t}fite'Wiai^%ii «t<triifiif<!« 1i)W ^v^by
fehuium,; which ]MBe4i4si|p6dbc«d 4«tteflimUir^ A^ismPdiW
ber:ani^Mmp|Qte mM4»r<srth«0>^
towar49 rn^f^S '^^ ^^ ^m^^tim,<9M ^'t/vrnkbdeotitafml- thi

red fickleness' of 'the inhobttants — all eonspired to make his new
conquest a subject of rtuch uiwaslnifsi to him. To pffwwt any
^(^nvenlenqy ««teixl9^£mMte »fiaWll>lW4ir|W»|lMil>>is.iliHpiHis
%»i^Ajpafr3aiiffii» miiliiigwrtiiiii either fwlkliit^lfnfMkawmsi^ P«'
^%hm was kmimi^^iMvf^'iW^

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Imrlng under his commaad threie legumii, a|i4{ fqgai^'pfliffr toc6iir
<jfcf troops le!\& 6dnsiderable^ dlBtribttt^ ix^.^f^^tyffi^fif.A^.
kingdom. For thid Projfect lie ^citbcr c)M>s^^i»f^(;jfM^
senator/ liuti^tntiA of humblci birth; witllp^i^LdKerepU^ ^4 ?%^:
owed hti whole fortune to him. The persori ne fir§t.invei,ied wi^fij
this Pr«efectut«;#0«tii€ofnelittrG^tts>^hd j6ihi6d tb the t^en4 ol
oanciHation the most approved fidelity, as he thought^, whose at-
tachinent eddi^et^itf Me h^d tried, and whoi had cbi^ributed so
materialljrto his M^tNMi^iiitet; atid who-b^a^ firoth hismihtaiy
8enricea.^eMid^'«4hM murk of distinction i his humble birth and
rank ibei^ bat. that^qf aRonpan Kmght) haTingr 'b«ii4hcit:sg||ffa
€tA cim^d 9? AugQ^s all iipprehea^ippsv p£hiB ev«;r maMw ^ ^^^
pfcj^'tise of Hs powci>" • a ^ - •

Tacitus tells, us, it was a m^xim of state poUcj with AjDgds* ^
tus^ to consider Egypt ^ soiicttm.fon^ariim, of whichhe^^^lifr-
si^^iryheld tHe Ikcy, , TUs was a wise precautioo*/ 't'htfm^ilJ^*
of Alexandria, With iKe .strong holds which, by sea and JtsMtr
were the avenues o( the whole province, mighty with a fioy^l
force, m^ head^^^Hi^'lh^ j^wer of Rome ; and, by l^lockutg
upttiat plentiful corn c;Qun^ry,^r€^duce all I,taly to famine^. ,i i '

T*fits was t^ "mQnieQt w|ii^h, forgetful of hisdutV to blA^o^H
T^eigL 4nd,hU^r%HMid^.ta ^^^ l^esvef actor, Galium >.becaiiia>f
the,|iu^Qr of lys o)iin,fuij|»(ii. WhileGallos acted uadeV'tfae^aai'^^
|Q^a$^ #|re ^A^vi^ttis,' ho gMasigoal proofs of his Meiil^/^7
anijl^f l^Attaehnlfan&tolias (kiioee. ^ He maiirtainedthe ii|j;6ttF^
of^tJlfttevAwr^Plic^cfednhef airtsiitid s«ience»^Hlnd ebcouri^d'^^

JkiiimiiteftB ftfei^nitVos^^tefl^'^^^^^ that thifr first ftf?6tcjcl; * oj^^
xsJ^WtylrtfWi^'p^ city pfThebe^, and ^ifJBa.i'i

Jiiif k^Af its jMhciptlf ornamenfe^ was, on histeturri.itp^^^jp
judSSiaflydcctisey of tliis con4iict^.an4 that fearli\g tli^c^icibilitj^.^i
uriiS6' ^hbiii flfie fempprqr cornryvLtted ttipJ>usitM3iiS U> bfiieiiqwr^A :
infe^jjfKj^^mi^ipdj^nd. wJ^Q ,wQro,.theiiisdv«ahighlpioflpBDded
an'fl^ mfi^^^jW^^ hi^.^fttfdi URoa Wsswarf^ sad iciHed. '
lumseif.' ' " .. . 1 . i. .* .** ii. . :

To ihp ^foresi4d iostidnoes of gross roiseotiduct on the part
of5fiWiW i«Hs fM^iitinMtAt^^

toObi^Lflief i^aaMMoffci^:attn0M,'«i«i^l^ hb :

^dKlBwIsf&^'^laithsiiptt^ wboioolers fMl^iHM IMi )ihbj<$:t;> c5bh^^ ^
te«4s^(lh«fll!(iKli^ diarge'^tandfl tlll^p^(ht^4^>I^Vesttg«s bf

**j*

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IMk^ Ollitf ^AMitf'AMB^ Ib^^ adf

hii fti Ifllilt^llfliild^ion tlmi» that of ^^t ^^fytfrucU^ice J^bfog .
iWAil^<5Hfflr^tiliiity an/a wine. «^^ft((^criil4cm|/B^tt4i» !w*tk,'*

top Jj^yp^qpryjcfl^e^a pf ^roowj^^iQa i» hn fiqfia^ r.-> ift. - r ^o

-t^j f hirt ?»ido ;:r: > ■ r »>-» '• ■ *- *^^- T**^. ' '^^'

, >MddhMi> 4^ V&Ieclieu, in her account of th^ ^l^^^il^f^t
ts^HKSiff'^Kfflus^i^inisforttines to Iove/:.^5(^|jtyi|^h|^^/^^
iMCorii cultivating philosophy in a delicioiia isJand in tka
IWg. jSindOallM^ writes, thuf toYirgit^ •, . tw i o --i »i V-

***'I.'<^tti/,')rii« cher'ViTgiU, esth jMHe i^i P^igX^viil^.h(fniffimp .
bM^H cAuse fiuMl crtm^j c'a^ aussi de lui ^mL^ [ijue iiupqlrg^jufn^ ,

. !TiiU is in tlie true style of a I^rei^ch-feinfile pdliki(&m«'

^/' In cofMequenceof 6a}lU8*ff miseondtief h^ iviiVecaUea, M
PeMniiis apgf^injte# 4o ' his place. - As>obiV'W'V t^ttoiedio
Bmd8» .one Eieits (ot aft others day; Vaii^tit) Largei, who had

lMiniaili«i#has; WcW f

k.nwibanBd aiioiig I1I0 nlo*tfMiniailit|K#has;btoimi%(h
€^|f»r»«w4fe^the«iteerafymrtateii^M «a«*'AM|ll^M; A^igMW •

hiMfi^^ . AfUc thiftf9euifntat«roirfm0CthB piHMc^

waa fbrsakea by all hia friends, add ac^HBatlQai .liidtifiiMt §mm^ :^

€Wiryiiua|[t$|^ .^Thei^ the inalter,]K^4|ft>ii}.)Mbi:a^j^

nimtomnispinent, wUh aforfeitujr^ of l^is wnpUt-f^^y* > ^,
W^i4d .^bfiih dtfected'W the sev^rrty of thia/aen^ncv^i thaViW*

JluAvtsvmiu^y]$ isrtttkl, lamented hia d^atti» and.contftiiAnM'dplit
iHkifttllt^iHiiNtfiMediU^ j>iMs6

fiu'.bs.hBhad^amuid/' r r-t.

when A4iu^u|,)qp;i^lh^;rtift hatt dri^ '*

Gailus ifolay vi0lc9(||i^dji^)k(>B .hwscl^ ^ cqeHy.4tHumCTfcA'^'

*u?Slt^l^^*^'^*' >*^* ♦^^^i^*^ Up«.ali«4 1««^ ^»* *"*^^*** *^
fcis mend's fate in these words. .^^ffHow unhappy sun ly th^t j

40th year of bitayi^ . ' ^ ir •**T«?n;* vC c?* -'^ *•'•*

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9» Uee9^CQSimAtimii JPolUo, i/c^ifcl

caoppl l» pwnittdtto lie Aiigify wMi mjr trmo6B:UrwiAm4iB^

** Fdtittinini enf^rs into a long dissertation on tHc sj^bject of
Ofc11«fe*i'beha\^iOTTr in Egypt; atid thinks him hot entirely innoceni
df ^he chBrges^aMwIged against him. Of whatever offence GaOus
was guilty, C»«r never pardoned it, if we are to jgSve credit to the
story which is told of his requesting Vjrgil tq expunge the eulogy
on him in Ihc^aaid of tlite 4th George: The storV of Aristeufl and
the Bees was subatfhrted Ih its -place, which, though beautiful^
makei ne ailicfmU^ for the loss sustained in being deprived of onr
hero's, charactef. ,*^^ . ,, - . ; , ..,. ' \

•* *^ Gallus lived at. fiie sam^ lime with Virgil, ^ai^ is suppoM^
{dliftve been tfcrefe o)r f6ur years .yoiiiiger thi^n tfie goct, who m^
trdducfes- him*tO"biir acqttaii^tarice -in his 6th Eclogue in a.v^^
which considerably ^cHcs ottr tnrioSity: ' tirgil is describfrig
the evil effects of jirregul^ passion; whicl^,.afte^ having done, he
tlfennot!ce$lhe happy conditriob 6f a wis^ man,, wn^' aevote»^|U|
ivhole lifetkiifc to • ^le peaceful studies of polite lilerature, anud^
under this character, takes occasion to pay a most elegant cqiripH^
ment to .hk ; gpetical friend , Galliys. He repre^nts bibd 'a« being
introduced' hy onfe of the muses to the presence of Apollo j when
fhs ij^faole' Assembly Tites up to do hhn hohour/dhd IjlnUs{>resent8
^feii)«ritlittlie^pe:wkicti ol old belonged UHelibdl^ ^'''\

* . Tb^ Gxynenn Grove, .^Uufiite near ClASBomene a ^^i«f Am*^
^ian^ asr sacr^ to f j^ie vroi^hip of ApcUo. * . This Gamf^mtik
inade .(iv^ object of a poeiu by GaUus, in .which heimitaM^Mii
style^otHesipd. Henee^ we. may presumey the above ^tompli*
■Mat JMifc4p«M'i»ibiiii bf-Virgil. .^ *' - - -•^- *-«

.^ Mailhwtii 4»ay6; ^^ihfct -the smcMe' t>f Gallup' is a blot on Ad
K«|i«of^Af(j^t«s'sfMitar ta thact bf Alexandei^ who kill^hi|
«fi^4 CaSs?fti%nfe/'' . He acids that' Galljua Wfua a ftian of grei^t
80riti^ biit'i^^hjapj^y l)Oth Jn- love ^c( .frieiii}^^i[j^ exccp^pg. ^|
profc<5tfth w^yj)^^ tOjlV?^giU wha:^p».f«paid5w<W*^

;^The ^se^ip9 f>i ,Vi^. fia^Pi iised itQTMyii^.is tpiMf

' ttieir strict friendship— -and that of A^6^6t'4KttiC«fimJluuQaIIot

18 a ftirther piroof of the estimation in whidi Virgil held hifn^

" ■'''" '^'da««s'ffe^ tW^WAt'shaJf Bprettd'hb' Aaip^f/" 'V/'.'^
'^ •' n rrrAftdifab LS^tt<i^*«M^ het fxJefs farf«** ' ' i^y^Wr- 1

•' And j^Iartial. counrfer^rtfr thd poets ^lio owed th^^^o^

id^Jiove) ascrrib^a io Lycom Uie poetry of Galliis*

* " Thg wmmgr sroaHnrwrTrow air linWRuhately T5itrfc^

judges to be spurious." * c

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>1iil•'1«Bl■nridli^'pun1K§ s pleoA^^nAe^ of extracts/pioticu**
lorijr ftom Virgil, to shew as much as possiM^ibe 'dHura^fer of
CMliis in his retiremeDt. He soothes love by illusions; ^11 at
Ii^hj^b, finding all the amHsemeDts to which .he had recourse
w^ unequ^ to root out his passion^ he exclams-*^

* ^' Omnia tmdt amor, et nos cedamm amoH.

y To conclude— though not a vestige of Gallus's writings re«
ni'^in. Ills ' Qaxne is atilT celebrated. The praises bestqwed on
liim by his cotemporaries have survived, aud made posterity^at
ttie distance of near two thousand years, anxious to hear his story.
In vain did Augustus endeavour to suppress his fame: in vain
<TO imperial resentment strive to obstruct his reputation as a poets
]3o name as a poet still lives, though his works, which ^ave cde**
firib^ to that parae, are lost. So true it is, that superiority of
l^nius 18 alone (^at which secures immortality to the possessor.**.

- In takin; leave of Mr. Berwick, we feel it a justice due to
W undertaking to remark, that legitimate narrative cannot !>€
expe^*ted from fragments so various as those to which lie has.
ifeen compelled to have recourse. We repeat, tliat Mr. Berwick;
eyld^pt^ displays much reading and labour tl^jrovghoutjhia
lirorK, but it will be seen, frona the occasional extracts we havci

g'ven, that Mr. Berwick is by no means an elegant writeir. We
ive', nbwithstauding, derived mucli pleasure from the perusal
if his biography, and shall be glad to renew 'our acquaintance
^fh Ms Uterary pursuits. " * "• . .

■*«M

iitfr-.VII. — The Peasant of Lucem. A Mela-Drama, intkheeJM
Sy G*OROE SoANB, A.B. Pp.69. Chappie. 181 A, - -*♦

iii comY9on with all disappointed bards, thU dramatist ven^
his bitter plaints against the managers of our metropolitan^
theatres. In his preface to the work before us, he observes^

*' The difficulty of obtaining aecess to the stage is one of the-'
principal reasons which led to the publication of the £Dll»wlng<
dlrattta. They only who have written for the theatre, and been'
sabfect to'the despotism of theatHcal monaiachs,. can.fonn anyi
adequate idea of an auihor*s mitieries. He t6ils In poverty, to b^
flnpnfHjed'by ri^laetand itasuUi he aows that otlievs maytei^p :•
for the insulting despot, who refuses his piece with scorn, too;
frequently purloins, for his private advantag9» the most material
mcideuts of his drama, l?uch> in part at .l^asf^j Jiaa be^n py

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«0 SmtKSsW^mm0tfJmmll^

.jMB<:afl|bed with ^49tjiin9i9«iiv--*thffMi atoAths. rolled. mmBf^^ vnA iM^f
sa^iQ draaia,was.xetunied U);k)ii my .band9^ v So ipuoh ibr^^luc^ b%
l^PH"^ ^A iJi^e^ity of M^sri^ Harris, Fawcet^ tadej^^ftiiiyLJS^
xM)ids. ; _, ... .,.,;. , '\ ^ ..;, ^

' "*' Aiiother; anci no less material reasoh tor to Aing 'tlih appeal xo
the public, is the hope of trifling emblaraeht ^ftem thf^ Work. * If
the hope fail, it is but lulcUng one. morcu^gage to my atoiy of
poverty, disappointment, imprisonment, and neglect. 1 bare felt
aU,ae^ doubt ffmiJch more can be added. I.haive:liH&id*^ttitiiio*^tie
of relationship is sacred. I have found that^ son f>%J^tbfr mnj
rot in a jail, and solicit aid in a state of anguish thai. bardeJUiUBBfi
iPfyijjyiPj^frBd xet may coldly b£ repulsed. JBut the car of .weiuitli^
even In a father, is deaf; and though. 1 miffht, perchance, liepf
^e sound of their chariots as they rolled by the prison waUa, tliey
could not catch the Vjpice of complaint that waa breathed £rofa
within/'

Our author, in the \^brb before us, sufficiently evitic^^a
classical education;^ yet, Tike most men of learning, he equaQy
exhibits a want' of knowledge of the world, in having reli<^
upon the wisdom and integrity of such a group of cbnsoM' A
At in judgment on^dran^atfc authorship at Covent Gai^en
Theatre, tliei study of mankind is not comprised in the Q$U%-
logue of sdentific or classical pursuits |-T-hence the coIIegiaOrjis
sent into the world without b^mg fortified against the chicani^
of his fellow men. It may, however, be some solace to.tiJbt^
^ S0ttne to be told, that simoA^ery author, unaided by them^indafe
qf a great man, or the reoomnoieBdation of a jnv^cted womad^
tk'^ ^Sntipanion in calamity. Powerful friends must be ekli^,
and their noost favoured itadtoii, gratified. A friend of oilra, a
very feir years, ago, prese^nted a comedy from the pen of oi^e
of the most successful dramatists of the age, to the Managers
of Drury Lane; Sheridan w^ then supreme arbiifcer at that
theatre. The writer, having fixed his, residence in a distant
country, imd pursuing an avocaticm whi<Ji did not well asstmf^
late with the stage, Reclined putting iiis> nai^f^tq I^is worki-'it
therefore was committed* afrieodk^s baii4uj^,itovi}^jt«dgvuBQt
of SheridaiKMMl.lH9;€oa4J»t<M»» jAfter tfaty . m^Hfiilhs' dcUi^
tioD, and at least three and i^wif apptwmfinag for an mammi,
h was returned, with the UMUd seiftetie0^*^<liiHidh^«iUiged fer«
preference'^read — (soiAe'of ttvetettves ^^^refpuipo^ly attaeb^
together to ascertain the gi^fMif^of j<j)iM^^I(cM%hef bad^^
been cut open) but sony, &c. &c." * • -u

^ ffii/l^$i^^ is laid*«a Uie^Jwdcs 4tf.4b«. bt^uiiiiil lake ^

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^4 . ' vC> ■ * * 4' • '' Tfce Interiojf of a Cottage

^^^y^.^'Tbi^iicirk tlight for such adccdlbut; Ait^, \ ^

lWT«fift6j«r #th^'kct go w * **""

'^IKlemtofi'^Ult Yostranc^thatnucuriiotild IiateBa]

MA lifilifig: should destibylnm?

V *' Orim.-i-No, troth j *'• . . - - ' ^W"

9hat'8 natural enough— but jet 'tis ttranfe.

To hate^ unknowing him you bate. And then .

/The sMana ate b6 perpWxed wkh wilea and ttmia-^

"Tia aa I should thread the mazes of this forest, .

^fiefi my need lehda toirarel throi^ its length;

j[do not like such circumstance.

^'^J^^o/.— Indeed 1

^ ' **■ t?rim.— •Howevei', 'tis not a point for me to queation j

If ve done as yoU desired. , Blind by yoUr gold^

^flfe guide will lose this Carlsheim m the wood :

9fe House is near, so hither he must come /* '

ih^ktlhedamp earth cradle hitki. This light

^ [Placing a famp in Hie wiitim£^

jmilia ike bMCM of his way--^o death! . .,

- »" ikriMA^.---'Tis as it should be. And now *tis fit jm lumm

Jhi^nH imgpt of this nif^fe's enSttpji^i » -

TkaX should aught fall to baffleaqr dpigAt

J^o^ may the bq^Ser he prepared ta jo^ it*

^/^* jSriw.— The time is near.

*' $emitoff. — ^Few Words will tell my tale.

tn fdle mood, *tis tk6# sbme six montlis slnc^, ^

1 saw and loV^ llhe sfcrter of .this Carlsheim : *

'«i^ flMdfeJ, hOi uftwoo'g^iafe flower!» yield

~ ~ "' tbk*UhgVaftl«iiiri#Mkl^«M, ' •• * » ^^

aigiiflfloeiiVMos^wm l»«i JrtfctiiHsSf/ '
ItellHBioisateaijr.'priaev''' ''-''' '• ^*

Xlcft ike asaUl te ilfeasaivr joys ganaJsf*^ v.'ir . . c v n

]iidwitkikaf|k9gef4ifiir99iaM#^«i^ . . . < .^

Sk9tooktkewi(Klt.MlM7r%jr«^^ :.. . \>,.>.:vi-

fihedied."- '• ^ ., ^ '.,.... ^. . ^ J../

The latter apeceh^ €yMHtiy4imrwdl ftrtn llMM^INl'fto*
^Mlpasswithoaleenttipe. <Tfckt^potl'»iqltf ifr Aiiifc^ti<lhiMt»
times than the jmscnV aad, aMn tlK% tka akaracttt^ Is^
Cut. Rbv. Vol. U. Qdoter, 181». S B

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uk} then pQurtnqfs the foul iiavisher ^^as^u^^iiig ^«r,lmtii;^

This second victim ^103# jrill^m. ^erhslxiffj^^iM^A^

a female, Ellen, in'fte 'ibrest> disgcrise? In tne habii of ik

Savoyard^ sinking froi* frtigtia \ «[^ k^ her inito the cpi^f
whece dh^ «a^^ii»9t Bero$tw swjilJGiim,. W cqnpyj^ ^^piff
Bretend^^avoya^d snspects the ptot,, ab'durffeaCar^iiieim^to

l^jiil^ irtNirMsfrthe caution Ugh^*' W^d dttttl^ at th« ]^
aqpei, «ni#.^cfivcH h^ QeTQ^toC Thc^ SavopirA feigf^^^
drink, and b call^ upon by tb^ mw ^Ivg^i^g Ci»riihiww.t»-
flqgj cpe thqr Iqr down to rest.

i#e««{ DighK» • I

ng tU: dew.4i*» W(P:: ;,,^r^

rd Ubour sleepy ^.
. '• And the hill stream creeps^

*' Ifhe air breathe* lov^ * ^^.

AMtWsttlrd above^ H

Shine ftotfarttwJieefehs eye i f* T

Love*8 beacons tb^, * •--' aj

; t^Mn :■'. r To Irtl wlrtto 4be day,

■"^ 'y^' With Vseitv^iM beams are nSi^

" Then Jpaf^rSfswf, assiit, wa

Tol^j||9«^«hide^ n.ii

Ere mormitfi.shpll btml^m Mgfa» g • - *

£ai;thJ|Mi9waao^]^li8s> i,
, Like ftie stolen ktsi

Of Itps th&C are sealed i^ itf^.''

ClarTsheim rewards the, sii|fc)(,witfe «' iWgi,44cffli^ 6m»kim
finger; and his trea^Mraiiaiprataodad hmrmmg ^beapisMt
works, leads. Urn to oiw rhiinlniij iswrfi thr fiiUi|Mdl laiiMnielirtft
The htter, forboding the mirt»>^to Mn|iiil»jf: jpyu ftd

watch, and descendilig^ ttN«*'»> yiiii>! :o i?; ^ ai ^ ♦ . I

" Now is the last, the dyjngsaivetoEJMfM^ iiuitrnf^ .i«0

^tisrim^t^H^ffht 5 yet l^old^fbad foigot.
The stranger also. has.eli& at; staker : / <,'.'; ^

«M^ 'iww(WllPi^^ji.wiwa*s hePil,-^ .: V ■''^] " '

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m

|< *M» Mm ^e B«v^f0dri=>l!t&it^'foti' dbt' » «* wl

M "•

' Ail ii to vain! but thai he freely breA^^ . ' /.«,/'^i
And life's red colour mantled in Ills cbeAiL *^" ** ' - - "*" t
I skotild believe this sleep the %\t^ tt deaOi. . . ,

What's to be done? I dare iro IftoVe 4^i^v -
The door is jfast, no way of flight r^tt&traf. '.
A light, too, flashes on the Btairt 1 "T^ hfeXA' ^
Sow he dobcends, atid afll We d%s ^Itiftihtf! ^
Here is my grave^ thongfiyet undtik fe t^ffedifl. 2

'' Bermtof.^Bj UeWt^e li^^aj^! * Y^t fe^'WdS hdf
Within the scope of possiWlj^^B^ .:.^, . .1- ^ ' ^
He must have fled to Carisheiip^ t^ waMhtor.
I must be quiek then, for ^, sle^ii^ hetik , . r I
Js brief, as it is potent in effee^., ^^.^ -" ^ a

[^e oictnds. A itn^ihM iMiii, W^ 0« t€pOti bfh pl$l(Xi

" Arooyard.— Tto^. WQii O<.blp0*}|i^^imt,.;i>fealb rittjtl fcif
knell! .

Oh! my full heart is bodW^^ Ulfn^lf^S ^
Red flakes of fire drop swiAly oil tj|t1s^llf;

As falling rain !; In every iǤtVe 1 ^

Tbat I could wrestle with aglattt^ ftren^.

'' /^c^«r J^^iywsT^p? ^ijHk a (2oo«^4<W^'
f* J)«fiueo/.— TiadoM! th« life Maeato ^IM flMAkhtoipilf
Stii dMidof 4}(^, atfd cartfM itiliia'lffe

0>i»e.deatlraawMfa,'iiriMHBgaiM^ > - ^ . i ./ ^. .
i4»Mtl^a^<tM*^ii iima»<4mmtoili ftiBPti^^ . T

He must be sought, and qvichly toai rlWa-ilmir • >^» - ^ '*'^* .; >f
Thmgb ike Aori^d kad niay pkralize its strength,

Caiiyeto'eriDatc)ribiqMM?^;^'^¥*y:' ' \ a '

^ . £'%iro% f oaaJ, he pefcek^ «k SMDyoiajL

Ha J 9fi tkoa llieri > this blow tbe^ to tUy keart f -•

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Br lWlji!Bf;sf,8W9gf A. la^w^u^. m. the Voqnd.4s , c ?r. . aiex; . lup
Auiftl^t' it banr'd^this Qfuy. wi^y.ia left, . u:.^ .:ii. i^o [u.tU

4b<»rdef ftya fiii'^hier displav of the taletit of oor {i^^]^^«^
8at|i(|btnUHliii i&otber of his ^haracter^ Beorj^ Wif^i?^
Count HeriMn, qppneguentty tfee. wphew ^f t^.mwMm»
B^tbf'' >D^ i^^ ^<^^^ ^o^^^. ^ i^^ '^ also hjbi^iWMiw
di^wJjV ip '^^ guUty cutMge* 0P bU approach, he cxdaiaisis ;it^
"Within there!' fmttOin^p^'^^

I hsre made hold» fiadiog Ihe door a-jai{ ^ ,^

Ta«itar)«o vnadE^ rintrudtog guest /'"

Wbai. »e one hcve^ Ijnuet^^ ihe host, ^' ^^

And greet nolyself with welcome. Faith, I'm weary. [iS£e» iMi^^'
A;ear*sdiortvlMence'ttiitkei:thefoi^t8tranee; ^ .

And this fine owl-light night only serres to shew ' -^ vmj

Thff enonKkf »jf w«y;»'J 9^b ^30 far off; ' a\

Tl^estan yet glow .withutiabatedfires^ '^^-^

And the pale moon doth liS|^ In hw coutse. ,/'^°J |*/"

Bl(4iwiiaftbaivtriiieliere? It lebbUke wine--naj, ^ .'riri

Aiiliil^k8tttoo.r XtegotfA'^k^Mry^imes ...^^iV

Are come again on earth. Here's to your healthy " C^ ^/^

My daf hltf^te. . Is not t1|A& MoodUhat stains ' - • ^ ^>

The whiteness of the hearth ? A dagger too ! T^'iiadYi

AHfitweftissith x«oenl gw^i* Tve'^pkrngisd me.
8ouse on ihe faofoei's nest )i «iid if they rouse, ,^ ^^

My «ttS.w41lpay4bewatHMngof myieet' ■'- '^^ ..

However, I'll wiagsoatte. Do I not hear ' ; ' ' ,:' 'l^^

Thr^sound of Bearing st^sl ' IHa seu^^nd sire— ' ^ T

Three m;isks are stealing through the wood :— . * <

Tkf'ftf comuig hither! What is to be dMtV- "" " * ' /^

Three against one are hardly fair at odds. , •* '* "• *. \'^' ^ *
Is IkM naeop*b#ar*iii*H«lPflttii^rlMM»^ '^'^^^ '^"^''^^ -'-
Ycfc^hem'^aiiqsat' "Now.tiU#MiriMI^MI«i^o ^^-^ " ^' ' '-'\'''
TlWJ»faeill4be;MMM,«lbV3lMf^|]^^ ' ^'^^

, 9^iom ^^Ve to 1«^<glHitfW «l»^#ilis^fiiK^e .

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^ j»a here miiH o»*tai*«igfcl.-'^— ^- '' ^ ~ ^ "" ."'' ' *"" "^Tl*

oor business is opp<Milfr>h[> law/ aadtiier^K-fite^r dfj&t^A^^^
JjwQ a»r quidaiess gyer^nm the hkri^iyaiL ^- ^ vri-j^^-.^-iJ— r-

t^isdMmm^Mlff hfg6^\ b^i jroir need iiot Har^fbr if Justtet-
1i^^(frfit^€f«M(liK»*Mtov^A^-li(*fr^ long am

'' n^ Jtfosilp.— Justice blind, quotha! the'wcitid fsHmmg in that;

aWSfift, alW ifti?i mr savage as a tygress. ' .T. .. ^' *. ; ^, ^

^V'^WW.^JNi like most wfl i beasts she is to be^taiiSt:!. ^Sunger 1^

iyja»tlHtlltt^th»Morf/ asfil geM #Ul medt therHard hedtt'of JOstSce ;

till itaia^^caoflia^^^ p^pus, and as^leldihgaisii'WidoW'Wtd*''

** ltf]fa«*.^There*s souif il^i^.in Ibati, .. . i j.:cc e^^^.. ^^ta 5

'' €rMi.-^Xh re's eveiy thikpg^as you.^9giaae:gnMrr.lMM'--^

with walkings irhen she 8ti«$qhes out he? Jmgiarau ix> give .you Ik '^

^*^unK«3.— Curae-onheri^ Mit-'

tliey went nigh to 9irangla aat^ - r \r u>c n 7 ^^ i ^i. r. .: f i*. l^

^ «' Orim.'^n that she is aometlu^g Ui^^ beariyhca teg-teapt '
to be mortal. But I must j^w^j.^. Xb^re'irimMnjon the ^laMt^-
a^ more in the ceUar ilfiou^aaafi f^ap^J rr.. - r^ t A

. ^' lU iffliAc,— ^ttihagiri]^iHtji^yihaveiBHi!>ariai^^

(Ellen, the disgaised Sayoyftid|y.ii»^ii»paalynOT fovrtbKttoMllih^

of Carlshdm)^ r t - -t *rt rri^ , ^^ . i n»-^ • s /t

<< Grtm.— AdmiraiJy ! She 4lb^4« «Uir5hi«af4--sat&iCMBiiai^/^

eveiMiig . ^ • .' 1.. • i\ .1- ■ ■ •» '. !. :^ ♦ ' v

C^r»^«^W^«v Th^imU s^)fMndMb«MiiA

this be my beloved — the liie-rftpjrtog <rfi|iy aff^tid^M- i ' . f •• *? : t-1
'< Sad Jf(Ui[p.— Is Jb^tha sais^ gift the O^ru^B^am fcU ia Itfva >

with? » •^••h^f^W'4 ♦ ^\*p-«ifr<' 'tt' ,1- ^-

" l£^ JfofAr. — ^ThesfiUf^jV^. r.^ ot -^''t 1'' ^^ -"i ^"^ -V'i'-

*' JJaiiv.^Uorror. '^ .q;..,^ t, v*.r v. :-••- -v . j- »-• • ■ - i^i
'' M JIfatitr.— Siiia isft^/jc^^mofi^ VfimaMlhe€oac*i^ c\

main. When M>e pl^|pif4i^fi(jH!^^^al^

off to a regiment Ikm^iFHifti^M^^tNff^

avoid the effects orhis resen^^^laiMNl^Aatein tfidi ianrlb»isiip%v3:

liii Mminiiiiiniiiiiiiii<ft nyiiiii tiirift<TWfiiii)^lm ^

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ito*8fft8«»iiflaM« fmtwi of mMuA by Men^
he \md detenDiaedlo^ttcriilee m ow» pikb ttriHi IMiPs iAetlMt

«itee4ie bottler ... ^

, '* Wilfaafc;---^Ti|7lf|»Jmin«byludfa«drf«i^tb^
ing. It was thy own faalt-^how w«it fa|ilm iMifmf Mrf, el4
Mtftfd thy bdliy to feed tbioe ears. Take it.

ilff» ftany willow iittU I «Hapa in tittie to sm»« liai'^'^^tii^te^
itfinMntgundgi^ \m bar kndl, and thesa raff ani i^ ftsnA'BMVV
IheeTeaing. ,/.'>tti-w

^ffiiWti^teiS.'^XMrft apeak! . m .< **

^ iM Aras*.-^»iot I. You talk fer ail of m. Tby iM«»#
Afl<iowcffafBalid, aiidinlliiaitaaDuHiCiKleoftoDgM^ ' ^ '

'< Hieitry.— The maak and the doafe-^ is ad«sp«Mteedttbifff
kmibftoceaaiaa wUl faahkm no better. ^

ate. ' [Mt^amt^ thBmmk€md4itodtffm9ii

ckair and fmii them Jtm!j ' "^''i ^

'^ M. ilfagJr.— That Grim is an avaricious cheating lhltt#ll&-fc

lto«oiaao$ejeoiittghto be true to his own iniquity^ h»W(a<ff

sob robbery, aiid cut the thro«t of muidet. >:;>:»!«

-ff^ ftatkJU^h^^^rkti IS: always #sady eaongh to takeili^ll<»^
Imi for the danger, many; he is content to leare €hat tons* '^^ *^
. ; ?^M>iliuik«Hitie loves geU better than any thing but hMsefttf*
s>itlwiWBlii wtihe] yeniMUd to^liald oat hk pvrs^ Wtbmir
sUiK,leatlMndiottklifa«i«MadofUbyit8shaiiow« ''^''^

*' %ndMafk. — ^It was a pity your memory did not serve 7^J^
tjBikiiiiwii #heB hansrasthare^ ''l«!JLt

hf^ ar4Af <»•*>— It ia bad policy wlien thieves disagne. • ^W"*"
ltt|lrf«ti» me^ time wiHi a. song, Ihaa frighten him amy irilliii^

HofJr.— M^ will i» to the ta8k> an* ycmir aars m kk^

fferer of listening. ■ ^. , -

fiONO.

f^ Let the soldier wear his wrtath^

Gathered in theranks of death t . . -/■

Let okl wisdom's wri^ded bead, . .\ -^'^

Tael the taiiirel round it soread— ^-

Ours iB the life that|n#e|KAdv^ toys. ' ^';

« Buby wiq^ wboseglQwiitf ,£|049d«. ^;

Frolics ia 4^ ^eepy bloodj^ . *

And dearer still the ma4d!jgiu\gbtfai

Tosuckt^eaweetslQ^wamaoVktei .

These^ ih^e are ours-— substantia) jojSt^ ^ « .

A

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rrji^B yd h«iiBir«<bltaB?7MdRiiitanrtlPt'-''r*rfair V - f-r^

no JO *'t& '. :>oe IWHimi kite hm e Jaiseidta dealh' r

Of€sUaeyoB womaaVlifaMli o > § — >' i?^ i
Letwdraia thpspirktijny^^iiri,'— • ^^ -

Let us kifis (UriakJ the night awa^
When shall beam the solder day' - ' «'«
Vkea vcmf langoid nitture ttst,

*^ ^MltaOfj^'WIk^ are thy whs stHl in connc^ ^mne^ I wflt

fe»«l^«lHMfe ladtfif^ thee nHtj thosxgbttg^JRsmr
thinking on Grim* i i< > .i^

^ l«e iHMp— Iwat^bntno matter^very tiling has itkitiiUi^
Ikt'tUef 6f to day tiia]ri>e the hangman to-diotfOW.

" 9nd Mlmkj^Thef wonld be goodly promotion f»ryott. On^
<Jt|lid9ioio»*Md>wft shall fM^.you aittdge^Mi tte heiioh. ' . '

'' Ui JfctfAr.— Like enough— like enough 1 «nd if b ware, ihaflml^
^ of my authority would b^ to dear the state bam of fiiich at%
as you art,

^fl-^pirfiM^. — A noble judge! — ^it shall be so — ^the distance m;
tffdgtnti and if you can dontriye to sli(> the gallows, the cap of
eseeatran will do rery w^ fbrtiie cap of' judgment.

^^:ftfe. Jir««fe«--As foftOnm, that ^Ftfain t» y^Anf, OMToVba*

afMbbe^*** ? $ . z^. , .r , .,

,yMA? r [Iftafysiiiiylsli^mihm^w <fti snails aaifaMkY

Jl!:<Mte AAdafffll are n» (bh»>i» tm>gri» jekiag; i atiwaii, jfaiff

hww hethat liataiy ahaft catil» i|^g<w)4OTp<lrt>itf iiiwapilf/' '/^lA

Henry^ whom they suppose to be Gtimf^^panaalhabiiiih^lli
aaid^heD ffies to the protecliob of EUeo; wfaom haftaa4r
oaiOEiateda£.the4nurderof Oarlsheim through dMi maelrii^'^
lions of Bernstoff, the actmil muj^derer« He is dniggivg iievtm
th%'s8iiffinK[y when recused b; lieV wrpjcigf on^ impendrng faM^
she exclaims to him,- ,^^ J.^ , ^

^Itisadeccfofhetfr^rbearrfoftearY" '"
By the. dark recollecti*d)i'bfiHa^ nJgTi'tf,
when thre storm hdWl, and siick'd tfp with his Tnrfeath
Htedying grean*::^»kl)»b(W^f idnjar^ m^/' ^ •
TiMk on thysoM^'cfiStfwl^^ ' ' ^ •>

Qn»liUiaanpoaittfira^'mil|«^ '

\r«lfain thy heart ungaeiiclJsiMe'heti^ritf }^

My blood ndU ci^.tc^Hrt^v-nlite tb^ flrel sM>
With; voice shall ii^^ thl^^ii'aycr'ofpeni^ ,,,

Hewill not yj(^;«> Aii'orptf&xi's cursed 'gtriiie tiieej,
Tc vampires ofthegraye. by coii3vi*"nc^ raised ,. ^- ,

wpoi tqflaw hliaj blast>v»5 >

Li yaaislumentQf i

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widi Henry appem atfiM.'«M>t'«l^4A»''^«rtMp«itrto%_,

.^ TiMe ircMriterafate meitt/iB-tlifs {ifMtfTWA^ VWlli*
vUfeagft'Sil ihe Mctolhaim nianahMifiMJ-^^ 1^4Midi£

- ChftflBtj «rbo, by the bye, ttiimofiotii*iJki9%tafg^ *«

Bntvi iMUii Ibtdi the eflbits of mteisteifel hireling ft
Alfpcate tKi avo* cfatugfaaUe and nearly exploded priitcipR-W
the divine rMit ef Ungtf ; and to suggest prqects for th^^litf^
iberance ef^oppressioo. Amongst other productions of tUk
fktcriptionV <^CaQ]|e.Dkin'' standi^ forward to insult tfie wter^
standing by its sophistical and de^table doctrines* •• 5 *^S
\ The wiiteir ddm^Dcnoe^' wttti a aetftiment to whieb m& ILbXL
tiillipgljasubscliba. .^Th«iJtt|itiiDate objects/' he obscM
16 tf Mrar^an^andodHMAjpte the ^past, ^mi s#atiriPf^<gt I

tpight be «n mttMtiM :^nhtf lD^hls fUtifM^ tod IM^,
mSMfMi H^eir sbih'^thlm df^e^ltppesMnce bf ti^Mift^ «flMl
^•bi^tpiiy Ike'Seipes tfafe Wteted sentence to spei^ Mr 'If^
dMl hi8')Mriei»ter applyil is- they][Aease. ~ Re k^Vibt tm
MMutttijrio^ssiM, ftlibbltei^f In which w«rkav^%ee«'s«riM»
«m«kditg mr ariM;:.oni^; ;trQt «fe «h« tfniftma fei^tir^ ifS
npfaHoh»t»iU not dbnH of 0J^ otfAru)4nrfdiidt», I^HMftf^j^
•one it «rsb hfiivintontitai^jlliatv'wliat toc^MMf ¥ol^p^/M»
tanW, shoitld tiMaBthdcta bt&^obvkwdT^feMd. 1-:^ -^t v^sx
• The seiitimcaitsipionMdgatadvitf .4M>fllM)^|>a«^^
tarto^abtlitrepresqittia^/NHpolbM ar sJoiaMM(i^i{A^^
«i^ Mjhly^^^hi^thetUnsaAMi^aitfark Ib^^^ liMtays^t^
indFintie^ and reeomhMidit^ltooiaiaa «MMte Wt %ilMMi*
ninauQofls:^ i|ipi|;io«istQ tectoyfio^jiOf .bftanlBlig^Uwei WmA

a^futanctnAenioaw Ibfi^iqamni^ntfeir^ailMr'bgdbul^tlMr
tr«bteathIion»/ 4r thevbtMael^^ bbMMhnrtt^

We ei^xmts theae diriadrtail Bii^^
ftalfy^ 1M<^ ■a>a^MlidrtaA%>i»^4^

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the Alwpqaent tamtr—rMtamg we miU noti

tuiwoB »f tlii» nn>we we had eajwctedtlMrt xtaeywift wodd

ia the coane thqr hate hid tS>* alMKity 1

iqpology fat them thiin mere pufeyare
likwlMf !«» wi»wrt» riMjkraur'emi
9 jthe two womU„ ''^^arpe.fifiga^^lieadtfMte)
'4|ftti discover in the meagie contpoeltioii &, that Fcante
iR^heyoiMr of the AUics, they •hoa|d.ai«ft«ft tffepUM* tfM «f
l^l^aty by altogetber destroyisf MffndeiidniKMKK^t it-alMidl
cib^mgaitt qtteiDipt a release finmi tiie gaUii; joBe of « d«spotilt
government. i •>!.!; I,, -.i;- I'lq '<>>•. f

aaiii^«<im4l»««witt'b« aoiWtii^iig tiya fwHawainwitk <ny
liM|»j«)wt,n87 b* M»do nitki iBpfeaaMttBi^.in .thi* inwiwhil
Mr lrt<|lfl tati(iowpe>i^g>|ti hBin|rt>iw*a»tfa»a>awy w«gl»» «r

^Bl^Mt md <i*|MiWMf>4liat(jlrUhi<if)rw(W',{i»'d»» mr«Uitiita|Ny
MM* #M%DM b»iH> aeavritr tar«i(|flM»'*^ '*«*->ff ift^DihM*
fiMMNk tfei«i fortho((alM»i*«|i«<wf Ibi«<tvk9e*t#lht AiNMH
fw of th»fo]Mii anthwilf ^ibithil ci>i|tti|rfiia>«f 'ladiflRMUMl

§11 ^Si^M-itMffi^WKl^tfft iW(ikto;t«miiMM[io»lf hyt t^«i»
ffM4iflMHHl «^ th«tiilhmMii> Mi ^ «ltatft ,w«r ' can Jba^
e«9^l^b9i«vipllirtiatMa|ri ■ riUiyiothn(ri>—p>!twaiirt >e hi>t..#
acw feroTation, |wd a ]m|iwa)Mt<ofil|U|tMt(t»raliiti4tit.'' .What

^MMi9lCita«ra|Q||iM')oM*rvislxMp^^ id' A

«l»t^Mi(Dnfut7 4tata,;i<si«K «iBd«rsl«r4>nmp)]F toiiiniHyv thai|

<im<ti<tHnif'gM(MW<i«t<»atw»M5hatiiafc|»ay hyv .

Cm .oe..tbTt«e«MiiQei^4iMfti«4aU|tiatJi laa>()l>jii»ww»<inC!l
jjKwmtfcat th»Knqnmi jhmMb tim imialiy'«BMidi»ai«h«»
new revolution } and that tbia event ia not of all othefatthb

i/KIT. HBT* VOU 11« iKtOHTf lol5« 9 f

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^Ht mtat be 2iAbrrAiK»'tipbii that tkrm^f itttf W Vf

IliaffsUntkifi/' Ye&l tU» uriU be feQud'tdilkei^ 'i^'fiinp
tidci half k taiDtiM /ijf^ men have beeb abT^t^^^cftee tfttlRf Id
Mia A^iitfh jtocme ; but We know not hoW iMjbi'^tKter rf
Ike ^edpmtaagea trfU quietfy eontilbi2t<\fl»5&"
aupfily i MukttBg.'amJy, fnm a himdred ahd fifljrtCi^. , .^ .
and tbMsaad meni metdy to maintain, <m an Uilrtklgb^tttott)
ir»iMBta<lQ«tlMA *ifja» entM^ auwi of *tber paopl%;r«M>^
mmtl^A^mimam it b^ uQt.wOMmt fm ija^ pafwdaj^rf
BMtjuy 'imluia'ii gp^taiidipg«aimiea to hdhtrtibemad^tt sftinbt
j|Mcm^wMMfitlrdis{flafhig 10 this shaoiele^ nMouter th«ipipn»
iHlUtof^Qlbireaii^ofdesiibt^ t ^li ^' viv

f^n^atttkot'aQdjtta ina desponding ArtrtvMi i^'^gm»
)|tati»ta8wdlBStIrepeo^U; He observeft; thnt ^ .jr3:)t

f . *' While a fitioag ajr^d Ttgoroua government i^ fio nmdiwi^iWl
In Francejr t^ repress the ekments of disorder, which arclfcei'^*
such activity^ *it is tuf too plain, that every thing codsp&<#*>
stamp its actual government with the character of wealtn^*^* '

^ Hafe tee dWi l^lfe^fcMm. Bvit what else can Vt ^kfS^
^firom atf f mbecilfc petitbny snrtbonsdted l^ the htUmetW^ifiPf
%e^tiMtetnd'^^W6d'*^iieii\it^df FVanoe; labbribgi&Mar'Ve
iMMfitoy hBMd'of"thd'p«bjAk;^ ind bosted mermiii'fmk^
^t'm MlheineiM tuthdrity. whibt' the eapttaH 1*:^ %ft»VB
^b^n'tesMettce, is 6btr«^ed aM pMnd^rtNl by a Kbsfltf^Mttl
'^ibldtfary,'^4nffn^^fbr ikv^^', and eommandedi 4 ^^^^^^

iJIfM)^ 'df the KidbM^M mk mohhi'haa'not beWttliMNMi
' irithiut heift«lonr -' ^'' " ' • ' ' *'• '^^ • " ^ '•'-' - ^^"'^^ «^*'^^"^^'* '

fonhil T)ti'< "the' thix3me. '/..;. , l^eW^'^i ^ ir'-'^^^ ^.^^w

iwD woBiLTTT, and tfthefh^gi8fr&^,!{y^Ji1^tSj'^^^

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4MiMp°S^R^ (s^ployment at home^
i^|T^g^th^ the seTOxid,

«Rtei^J^ He says, ttial if ft re%,fi^^

?f^' '^m atiUfiiMff rlgfct 'it tanii h^Shmg m 4^tmf ^fmktpMlk^
\fktmrM(Sm^ ha »ajtor«l rictit pm mim^ iMmmfik)mmiHm
aiabmiot^'^ diitfiiotionf o£ Aodetfuf l# <|»yfc^f|»»tfft\ Pf W»i|

way ia which the right cQ.^te^ded fop caa )^Gia^\§f^^ (^^feffll
if-^dtvidua(coBseQt« among a whole people,- tpjb^^ ohUi]^4J| •^,
cowene them is jimpossit^e > aiw), if ^to; jw^fe}. *^^WS^
is order to be maintained in so mi^Uitualnons an assemtHy ? Thet
j^B^imtt^nbeppUed. Who shall scrutinize, tb^^olli wU^bhaB
^ipalfe the retmm ? Who shall determine the^age' at whn^ totjOf
jpa^^be^receiiired? NaT, who shall prescribe pi^ .eiifbrcW aiiy <^

L.a^4o a^e oraex

I>9}^iEb<^t these are difficulti
»J»*l&4i3Pr8*iuzatioa is uaclt^i
^^i^gj^Qi fbe peoplej. ^tteye/oa^j^'^^Mjib^^
JfHftif^yffi^f^ ^dsta(HC^.^.^be^^j4r^pi.tli€ existing govtnV
•ni^,i0,i\G${ODly % matter'gf ijgt^/^^Wjt rendered imjieratiyefy
[419^^^ l^y the laws of 8eir-<Ufep<;e^ . , It is diflicult, uor i^4t
-?IMy»yy h^'^f to defioe the limits pf Qppression on the oxie
tiinfl, an4 . o£. subanissiae ibrt^eamnce^ ipn. the other. Fut tKe
<7f|Qltfr««fft^<^i'ga^ernaiei]J; iayiit^doww as a fixed principle,
^fi^yfAhfo^ th|^|)c^ula^ion ot^any po^ntry.istiaii make a simuUa-
falW!»Wfft9fpwnt i^g^nst the.^oy^ a general '6'sia-

cUiuition longer to submit to its direction, the unalienable right
^BMliy attogethv40sirt)Yerl^/lbe'Qld govisrninent, and create a
^^Hnm -^ii*^ '^^JSmi'-^ *» H^ V^ ^ts vo^ft exigeB<i!ies ;. aud it
"^JAyaltf te iilbflaid ftt c0h«eiid'1i) ^iehlM<»'tt9

^m

*^A

^r^-n«n^f de#^ 4fs^miftn#rMr Aoe^ffi^MM)M^»a9^
"^ple? Fs it by DMne r*^m^liav^m^ f^^^JM |i> Kms^flM?

fUrtm-Juimey Itwordtr to aaswer these qiiesdotti c6ffflM^y/it is
^ fcbbssk^ yi^wmitoi^ innlMitaMiin Md

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SDternttient, has most cleatli.JwtiVlftt g^'^'e^mp^

^' II i»Y^«r mfixtraordiMiy mode (^
Id KtBle thAt the Aln^^lias—*

The mode adopted by oar author, *tb'

iMM^riMbl^^ii v^^ ah mfcrttinale onf;

>he s6 Mm^ attempt t0
^fMai#l9W%|MM to Napoleon; oranjoUi^^^
iMM't^^^ylffiifigi'wh^esoever, permftted lif tl
tt;'ifi1hve> TWc»t*8 Iteiff Into this principle, ihS***'
|i Cnltwie*

^Tkife. author next animadverts on the right of
liaviiig Tvst shewn, although he intended to defend!!
||ie VMS -dirine right ar^ empty terms, meaniiig ii
lulled to Ungif power, h^ cq^not let the oppottunil
Inm of blnnd^ing upon fhfc'deKcate question of title ttyi
Fsople often receive gteater injury, from the officibr
fisrence of an indiscreet M^tid, th^' the open i^^SHi
«tl9«^foe/"Sdil ibthetJ&^wiOithi^fajudibiotfriM)^
te frt» latt^mpts'fD 'shptkAt ffie feitfe of i!ie Cap^tft. 'Md^l
Ofe-rM^f theit fitttel^Jtyf's^ F^%^!:*

lM1i;'*^f'tb^ia^ Ut'fciidotM oh' usnrpatton. 'm <ft

-^ > ^ u <» ' I ii O f..- .. , • •. ; ..? ifS'^d »TBd<i

^^' The InaivJiidi ffgsJM^-tlwi.ancowsiaft tsr t|g,iiiiiiiu|pi»
9ca /imAimaitat.^ .Th<^ ac9 of )lhf jtf agnct ^. a;9^U|M|9lliMMltote
toV ,P»V ftjijfti^h taa i^.bwia of iegitioiaU 4ftliA^"Aiili7
wiumD^lcm of th? s^p^^Jqe powcr^ ^^>^^V^Lf$«^^^#7^fln

V BMllj^tf HiefMtlMM^Mi^wtflN ki«Mr^|
«QMi0tl6to«ttte'aftCT^t)iia tehteo^v^
MTJI^Sttig^ icf«mi««i|«IA^<Mi*^i|Mi
tod. Might it hot, at least/fas cMiUih^lMifto t

tlMfdl^vli ha has laid ddm^f/o o^ b->:%oqqua wc a pt it r»Mi

.lmiW<|lwdkB8imio{ tha stchwi^4iwiaD^4ll
iMmtf^ wW><Wl«»smafl11yliillriif»i#iif t
afaitraot mibaa of g ovcnoMBt^ kaweacr odMipiiir

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^bfcwctt wbffll _ _^

1 devotHlHo Ininisters. All Tiff si2gg»ii<ni8 tfe Ae niera

^./yiflia,th^ would tiftr tb^iDi^hM«tt9.«n}^,^i^4^IGi<Hi^
li of .liiMiu^ ittid tynuqmy. < ^ ^ifaffi r>hfir^»lw^»W«ir It
en acted upon already by the ^icoafederateB iil:9^.tai|
~'i^thL*];Jia?e.imposed aa Franoe^ i.t.f w .-,rn -vrfT
(^pamphlet concludea with ab^oOifrtaiiciyittprTMl
s, to comptl tbecessioo oS thoir fiortitesAiy HwitJiwiH
Ljsrieicted for the defence of pjaoK:e.agiiiii«^#i||eiiiali)B«i^
y^uhoussion to this dentand^fVitiff^lMme^^ ^^illrit
j now requitnd of that 4K)on^j .ai^ Jbr;>bcpNfa^e6liifc aticil
bmission would be to claim a right of general disturbaafft Jttlt
sstation/' The bare ntterance ^^siijri^a^^autimailf ia
r degrading^ bat the acting aponit iaihe eatfmmmutk^^
ij» . And yet this has be^ done4^doi>94qpyhy tli^aae ¥fi)p
I who were so loud in declaring .tl|at.4Hai^ef«i^ wea.aoU{«.
' against Niqpoleonl 1 ItrJar(|(v^C)tav|mi<:(to nee4 Imk
; comment. But we caonQtt|«ti^a*i^|E(W(^€fi€^ a. -Ufk
^. ationaon itsin{atttaledimpoI^.^^.-rr.::h f .f. i . ..tnt
i has ever been the .grand j^^c^jvjtKiaQ Enrqpeao >0Mbiii«
Its to preserve whatis termed tW ibalaQ^e Haf«ficiwar)<«id[^
titain a mutual equipoise against, ^[^^^^easive ^em9Poa<i)lll
t»c£ aasbition* This ^vi^i^Jih/^aBt^
i, appears, from the recent apprehennon of repuWcaiuait^
io have been entirely lost sight of. To iUuatrate the trc$h af
ftAoNimukfilt wllli>efi(N5^^^td^Ml^^^o^r atteil^
■t<iiilllfcH%gr»Biteg and^ftrttildat^ pi$wf^of Rus^ f^^^^t'^
^fflFhfe^teKteftshrc empire, toirrprising an extent ^*'t^njl^
4i^%(^flie'si¥tifegatet>fDie EuA>pean atat^?, continued in. |^
state of contemptible obscurity, distinguished only by its bariT
%illi|)!ifaHPlii (tieveigli of BUHr Ibi fi Arii§a,.^wka94iK>at • oinftrjr
%«<^^*lMd tbe^fhundillioanof .litaiaAaaqnent' xompttm^bf ?tb$
loMyftferigeihfKse^aiitdniiioMkiBfiotiMii^
}gntM fefftomtitHaliqrtdrftiifcarfa^^ f>3 3*. ,: » : \^^K .haul
vM^hUpmi0A HmfotddK^^^m ettfaaalaitft JboilmiMriin
Ucnm; it is now supposed to ejtkxat.Abfi imd^Mmw^lMt
rmf «el iN» dwisiiiriredil vmy Uyi)iihn:i»aid!^itt<iai«atJbe td%t
ipiled.lipats.ea feefiphytofcflrf^stviBtetteg^»aitt<b4^^
vnMd itseU, lhe>fMqMAIiDftiriirpik«Ke UmdNre gmtiiMA
.f»a|witiop» ttf^tyi Ki TOT^wod •JaamouvA ^a> ga.Hioi tabUdda
The quality of the respective Autocrats ^ttmihwmkSm»
jMttBtaiDed despotic sway ia Russia has been wifimMy <

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414 mfi

tttAf-lfOiA'inSSi^Wkimi^^txrA biMd (ji!iidlHA^^%MMiMlill^Mgl)0K
Alextin^d> } '^hs>^' (bCfiviBetis 'more pontic*, ^e^dAittB^BlaMaEte
•MeraUififpdrtiiiiioreMdliaftiDi] and fieMtsmifi$Mi!hikK,(t9i$
frequently ft Uidiik fe#iMa;>ftndde8i^. * ^^^ ^' i ' ^(^J i^e>va
s^ The introdadlon. ofiEimip^an Ivvirarf aiiioikgirtiitlyiiMDtot
^s 4>f Muaoafy*^ «m» sttended by its ^m«i^MMI)«^2|«{mM^
atid injustices firofii Ih^ period a thirst for plvaAet^*^misimpmm
ibedbya|iieslkssffiHritofaggressioB^ appeeri^o kiwelMraev
terized M the measures of this savage niiliott. 'V\U^fpt^Aoff^
IheigoverBineiit his iieen to acquire the gxtK^-mWi ^y^^istalq
•f eoDtinued hostility with the various slates hpiiiiimg^'9aiim
eitensive irotitfers. Polaad, Sweden^ Tutioey^ awl « Bor^
Itave M by tarns been the objects of Russian anUtidiv wWdi
his been fostered by lit speeessfd •jj^gressions aj^nMt'tbttSd
Ifvowers. .'•T./a

* ' Tlie eneroaohing spirit of Russia was by no meahs unobsepfsA
hy the difierent European States. All those whose attentia^
fras in any degree occupied in observing the natural coiqMe of
leventSy and, frovn a view of tbe causes, anticipating their |>ao9
Ibableiesutts, contemplated, with the nost foreboding aj^bf
liensbni the unopposable progress of tlie Russian arms. ^Ha
fears, however, of the-Continenta) Rulers, which had beM wA
died bjr thetgiowing strength of Russia, were diverted jby^tfie
f^neh Revolddon to the immediate preservation of their 'fadii
49ne'' titles, which they imagiised to be endangered ttjr ifisa
4ldunnph of republicau principles.. During the feitiri^tnigglt
;Brhich so long desolated the cii^ilized world, fonper jeabfOMa
>tgMingiheprepoMeraling influence of psstioiiiariittftoi'w'era
disregavded. Ail the dd mpnarcbies united <tOidaatfof Uliis
Pawning, liberties of mankind; and incheetung thei^^gnasiiaa
«pirit of France, they have extricated theraselver ftotif vyr»
vent evil, Imt appear to h«iue totally lo^ sight of 'H dlslftn!t^<»t
of for greater magnitude. - ^ - • / ^ - •*" wj.&bi.

* hriaabMnrd to teg^ard Wie^eoodm^g^ Aleaandferto > ^uttojl
cither by magnanimity or disinterestednesa; - His oMdoet, ftoHu
^c treaty of T^t until its violation, ^^sAiUts hifii'Mt)itt4ttdK.
'capacity of a purveyor to the demimds'df th^^ElnflBMr ii}tf|Mlr
•Ifcon. * Since that period his course has-been iiiflUendttd bjiPthe
Strictest policy. By styling Himself the Liber^tt^ ^ GitmmjT^
%e has over-run the Continent with hordes' of^bMiarialiSi wiio
have, as unnatural consequence, been received without jedoca^^
rHis'foitiidafcle strength has given tuih' thit%iJI^€^ of com*
manding influence in the cabinet,,which enables hini tO'denHfld
terms lifindemniflcation which hlsrWAer niofta«*ftt«att6o't
HpnMitlite^Aota tefofciiig: wljle his f)tr6d«nts fribmer^Me

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- ' £ven the visit to Englaodj noiade^y Mf^W^i^jf^i hv»i$^te%j
mMuifjjkfMKfgkfi^, a ^isj;H)sitioa U) e9iploy^:^yejx/c^q^iiuitajpce;
%fiKtjmt«WAiOff lb«9fiu^ Their tima^ wM^i m ^^q^Dti^» )kM
Mifl»t^,!1;^ j||othfal loddeQce^pr jpriac^lj cs^oH^^ij^t , p
:fldeupic4 .ill . iMp^tiog our manulkctur^^ |ucuL Ijil^ t||S^
' "^w^i^Mf^U acqUMring all tbeknofwledge wl^ipl^ th« 99$!4^
i4)eimesl of ta« people might e;n2ibl9.tb^.(9.t^:;^|]^
«wofdoitiinbQ8« >.u.\ r.,., la

^K^ZbQiphjvical pQWer^ too^ of the ^08|ian. 1^91^0^ i^ 4Pilri?W09
AMibe tp be regarded. Capable of sustaining dile es^tr^^e^j^
feieat'aild coM-«HX>arse iu its food, and ^ble to endure. ^Ji^^.
Atmost privations — hardy, strong, resolute^ and undaunte^.. ^
aifficttttiea; a Russian army must eyer be an .object, of peci^iar
&DB$di whibt the subserviency of the Cossacks places at the no^.
of tke despot countless swarms of thenjips]; fqrj^^ble ruiEai^
ensr the face of the globe. These nionii^e];s jpi^ be all yery weU
viii^ they are vieived as friends; th§y n^^y uvtke ai^ amusic^
•ViRvforthe citizens of hon6on,,qj^ tbi^jfi^^iKjif. of , England {
ha^ il tt no very pleasing reflectipjc^ (hajt the pro)bability [ is by
ftomeaM small of their making iViti^re inr<;>a4^ vp9J?i ^hp ^^yV
fitedivorldi and threatening wliat Jia^ betore t^c^Iei} '.Greeqs,
iiA flbiiiei from a similar description pf^ people — the annil^il^^'
tiwoS every thing that is estimaUc to'mai^in.^ 9ultivat^jita|^
aermoiety. ..,' ' ^... ._.,■>/•

a't^Tbope appears to be an irresistible propensity in the j9l]i^iqfL
aoidimel'to pursue Tmlike projects^ Peace is no sooner coor

^dfd,JiritK:pQ^ pQ^er^.th^. tVmJm^^^uPi^*ii».^fmditiA

^gmnst some other.. Their dispo^tion in that respect is aom^

tasted blood, eagerly pants for occasions t^ prev^uiMm it* The

rthw we Mfi^. t^H they a^e to be^m8rche4^ against the Turl^
ti«idrMi|Afy.iW< B9pjr.|)^t.h^a^ iii the event of a quarrel wU^

.1kt^Mmii0b(^g^imm^yOi their Javading India, where^ vip
-AKji lhi^y!<^l1^htj4>J#^..wUih.:4,ppp!Xtetion.,of fifty , ^nilliciflf^-
,.^qffm\\y4i$9oa^ ^, hp > w<fer th^ despotic sway of ot>e pow^

4»iaiMkb«p?fiMd;p^|i^lf ,I9|4^ iiie chpic^. of^viifSf-

T«Jtem ibfBaerjC9{^^^on3«wq r^gpttl any attempt, ffi.ff^

or^curtai) the poiv^er pf. jF'^ce a^ pregnant with the most ^y^

to thcci^iUzed ,w6rl

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4V 9H IncfiUK^Jjitm^' Vmi$i.

force of the.Rtt8siai> empire. Eyoy altempta tefffttt^^la^
weaken the former, must tieceflsarilybe calciwed tbr8tfen|tbS£
£he latter. We eonsfder it to have been the obvioin policjr m
Austria to support the unalienabfe claims of. Napoleos A4
Second ; which would, by the influence of a dose iamSy fotA^
pact, have formed a strong barrier agafaist the ambhsDotndk
jecCs of Russia. The Austrian empire ^n^^ in idl-pn>blibiJit|f^
It a future period, sufibr for the weakness of itsmaster,, in neC
guarding more effectually against the power cS Sasriai ««.
France, under the dominion of a Capet, ma^ resent tbeiniril«
lating policy displayed by Francis, and bis tardy jnnetioii wi4|
tile coalition. ... '

The sentiments contained in this pamphlet we dinmsncm^
itely censure, as dishonorable to the pen of an EDgoshmaa^
tt is a lamentable rMeetion, that mercenary indocemenl^
ihoutd lead men to' debase themselves by the publication o|
opinions subversive of all liberty--»all right. II is, howevcTj
well known, that, in order to encourage writers of prodoetioii^
of this description, certain persons high in office make it tbeti^
business to purchase more copies than will pay for the wbdh^
edition. Considerable art is like^e to be displayed in th4.
choice of a name: that of the publication before us is^ vr^
conceive, in itself sufficiently striicing to gain a few idle ytsf*-
chasers; who, on pei^al, will find they have paid dghtceiH'
pence for forty*-four loose pages, without a single idea^ but
what must have been borrowed from the ministmal joumalss^
The writer, it would appear,' by naming M. Dulau as a pub^
Ifrtier, indulges likewise .in' the expectation of drcolatingkis
tfash amongst the feeble Capetian faction in France, ' t»> . ^

Am. HS:.^J»oosr«' Vm$: a Plmy, h^ KiHxdnte. Tranda^td fim
ihe Gemum^ by Mrs. IircHiiAi^p. Ami bbvivkb^ a^Ui^ lieciri
. Banal, JDmtf .Loae. 8vq. Iionjgmaa and Co.^ 1815..

4 HB study of the German Ismgnage has been so fUhiooBUf
prevalent for the last twenty years, ^at almost the whok tiuitt
<}f pur female haut-ton are disciples of German morality. Thisl
specious philosophy 19. a dangerous initvudeir on female privacy^
b^t.thei;! it qualms voung laidies tg walta in public^ with a&
the voluptuousness of mind and of action, which the witchiaf
Mts. Mardyn disclose^, iii her exquisite p^rsogaliw (if Kotift*
hue's Child of Nature.

/ It was, we believe, in 1797 that Mrs. tnchbald jptmmM
this. fuU-Mown,«DK>tic. to thf Quiic^ty of up EngUahMllBnaN

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read tte original play will, we- presume, compU-

ifllit translater cm the refineine^i with Whieh 4ie. scMfi-

: blaluIi^hiBent of Anielia Wildet^hfin), sq as to rend^

1 iDOBceiice congenial with oor native feelings.' Mrj^

tO0,^tbid'oF^m^ heroine, with this impression,, re^

h^ri.fasfiination within our comprehension •4>f jTco^ik

yj-iasomiich, that all the romantic eKi^beranee i^ (k^

^. wl|s delivered with eha»te enthusia^vn. . Mrs. Mmdyt^

/«r, entess more, minutely into the luxuriant conc€ptio^

^ ,hL0 siifthpr.. Hers, is a papil of sensibility, who tiupjcjl

eely, and acts unreservedly. Educated in seclusion, and 91*^

igyfpiaed to eomromricttte her every thought to an indulgent

|Sf^li£r, she bo aocmer feels that she loves her pastori than si^jf

y^lTes to tell him so. This pastor, an elegant and most a(K

|iompiiahed youth, is exemplary in his duties, and solemnly

Doiuid to the Baron, Amelia's father, who has been his liber^

ffttroOr, and confided to him the embellishment of Amelia^9

^uxkd. The yomig lady, therefore, hap ;io common part t^

'^Ji9 and this Mrs. Mardyn so fully comprehends, that slve

nuates the ardour of her emotions into the feelmgs of her

_ lience* We cannot imagine thatKotzebue covld have ftm*

. Qijgdfa human being more touchingly gifted, by nature and bj

%Qp^mglishment, -to give soul to. his glowing heroine.^ Her

^0^ i^ beantiful-i-lier form is gracefully animated — her limbf

|f^4tliciously round—- hcrvoice is harinoiiiou»-^and the^n^em*?

Ik is «i mirror in which we behold her inmost thoughts.

^. ,B0me critics, indeed, pretend that this captivating, actress

carj^s her heiid toct erect. They iissis*, that to be ptbgtxilf

the whole person should be badmante ; whereas,' slie some-

[li^'iihyojimit Kite ait opera ^dattOBTrtran a gitUjLranp/ If

these observations shall be found to attach to her general move-

maftsitn^lt cliaractfers, we shall confess Wm to Be just; blit

* t!*^ i%!ife t^* Amelia Wildchhciw»f»they we not jdst; Th/s

pei:son of tWi lordly Gefmah lias teen enriched with every

*t|»^!(ff^.KW^^jM art could lend irt.; ^^tillrshc is a novice in thf

grf^'w^a; and might,, therefore, resemble the daughters of

2i^r nobilitj^,^ wliom we may daily sep, just budding in thejf
jeps, aii^'^ promenading the western squares with the prcpise
dpj^ra air a^muniei bj Wr^ ^ardyn. . It is the mere effect 0/
rashionabte educatloti, and disappears as soon ^s a young lad^

*tIow— ^"<5ii a pupil fcOuld scarcely fail to Insj^h-^ sucb ^ tutor^

c^i|eBial sentimeiits. We discern, at; the^ firet Interview/

EhSjiassion is mutual;, bgt, in the p^^J^^ffea^t we find

KoffSuV^Tritfife^owfirfd incentive than love. "'It^'V^ill not lin*

^RiT. Rbv. \ou II. October, 1815. S G

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A.

418 ik$A JMii^V>aU>M»^ FoffT.

deistandthei«ikt]r.i>ff^afi;in^wi^^ which AIPfi^a^ f^^Jjiji
senses: he is politely cold in outward demeanour^ wiule.!^
heart is, wrungp with internal agonies. Thh . appafe^it Stpf ciisin
however; ijoflaffiesipst^d^of soothing^ andl the lajdy jFj|mpf^
decides on.An;fixposu];^.o/the fulness of her ripe^e^ ^.ish^^ ',.
. This.intt^resUpg ficen^ is drawn and supported wiil) irqt
qsirity and with eqyalfeelingt by Mr. WaUaclj anil Mrs* Maxajfn.
The graces of a Calypso could not have: been jnore seilufitiye
than. those of Ji^melia Wildenheira, when she lajiguishes on tlie
iKXjojn of het conquered lover. Mrs. Mardyn's attUti(}e i^t tlifa
n^meat> dectrifies tl^ men — how the women feel— they he^t
cin 9mwer«> J3k ttiat its it may> we ought to see nothlog iporp
thm. Kotzehue^s Amelia disclosing tne charms qf Germc^
l^t}etd: it is the psfisumed ingenuousness of jan artless ,h^ff'
unsullied by tht lightest tincture oi a grosser quality I . -

Mrs. Mardyo is equally successful in the subsequent sceoc^
wherein she unfolds Iq her father the late avowal of her aflfef-
tions. The BaroQ who listens coniplacently^ smilingly telU \)(f
'^she thinks like a child:" but, she more seriousyr ^fErDiiS7;7-
*' she thinks like a ujonw* i." ,,^od all who hear her, ^%*'*^.hjj»
We think notwithstao^itig (his paneryric thai ^mehB!"^ c^-
pjression might be ks^^.jSif^apt wb^n she repeats 9a sh^.i^^^
quently does, <* Fapa^V.-Hi^r. ,?fiiifftcity should be i»elJcwj?(f fly
nature on these oocwion#> J>^w«?\'!er it n^y otherv\iise Ijf gflh
,iniJtted to.wapder^ .,.,..... . 4 . ixiw

. Having wd th¥Uii»|^>.p$one i^ctre^c, in e)ucidatioq qf t|ie
f$omUty (^ this pkiy,, it wpuld be invidious wholly to ^pjjfs
over the claims of other performers. , One complin>^nt,^e
iojsist to pay to the new management of prury lianQ^hfatre:
ll is^ that since the opening of the present season^ all cb^aptcfs
have been cast with fair discrimination » Tl^ public is DQ^.iO"
suited by a group of Automatons movinjg,.pi^ani<^Iy roupcTft
popular performer: th<:.i^lufioa is^ n<;>w. mipre' jirfi^ctjy^and
ibis change is highly creditable tp t^ ^tffgfiiiix^Uyn ,
, Mf. Pope, the original Fred^rick;,^ sjtiJ^OS| Hie jffJX pf ^}^^
Baron with ability; and. lie lo9k$ it- weli^ ....Mi;?, Clover is l<^

DMich en emihnpoiute fqv tha,/rs^T<^-^g2^fli^ Tribourg^ ;[rt
she plays with force; and. giyes^.to s^ojJfl[)etU; a yciy endeaonj

pathos*. ;, , . j.-Jj. j.o ;v. ,■, J'. I'. ;: .-I

V.1 These ohafia^eTs we drawn \vit|i f^^^mipc^ve uitpr^ ^Y

-MovUej RywfpoXhy to a clim,» pf Je^^^M^^. tears alone

„ can soothe- .But it is sy^i^i^y jP^n^%jpw^ ?jro^8?d* ^^

! vieepiprat^f4acW> andjth^^c^yesfctj^^jy ij^ t ^

4enkh|.thaAatt«al aon^fAlr^B gM^ifiW^ja^f^"^ *^.P^ f^

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1lfhr3 JAdM«4^ 1m^ Vhid^ ins

\rSl{mf^ th& is 'Very defdlbn^hUt-^mcO^ it jf veiy

J'^rtl^^^ has BeeA most judtefously Plotted to

»lSiTKki;^^nd We congratrihte the ^pwlicr ^dti '^.pnospecf

^ttig^rave <j^ dften seeing this gentleman t<^ ftdmndige^ Hia

fc jjl^' 'ut)^ues|A)^abIy, ,the study of Shaik^t^cate j and he i^

i^titlf i^lificd by classic {M^tainment to. tritA the Migher

i'bf '^^legitiinate tragedy. We findj^ however, that he cdii

^'p^ajid dtir applause in serious comedy. Hi^ Frederick U^

^^our '^{Ad> one of his most successful efforts : bis whole pe^

fbriuailce is strongly marked by judgment, taste, and feeliop:

fie'tieF^, for an instant^ loses sight of the ihasfer passion of his

soiiIt— his ardent affection and duty to his mother : he Soittmii^

litcates the cherished impulse to eveiy word and action, jfn tfio

scene with the Baron, wherein he avows' his birth^ heJsele*

gkntly impressive, and morally dignified. Ncnthing ca&i be

nijier^ And, in that where we find him proudly acknowledged

lS)r his father, who proposes a plan for the future establishment

ojrJiis mother, he gives a new reading to the play^ which has

"h^n loudly approved by the whol« house. The wo|r3*-r^* jt

tHiist he Agatha Wildenheim and Frederic Wildenheimi or^^

"^y^atiia Pribourg and Frederick Friboufg''— have, heretofore,k

"Veeii/ pronounced with vehemence tf totfe and of action; but

'JttK Rae, feeling that he addresses a penitent, modjuia^^hi^

viNce without diminishing the firmness of his purpose; andj^

' whlfe lie tifianfally advocates his beloved mother^s ri^hjbs withhU

lAiiir-found father, he preserved Ms 'dut^ unimpaired to botdi.

"S^ml^ mu^t become a deserved favourite.

Mr. Munden, the original Verdtirt, did rtot formeily cba-

Hctl^rize. the jpoeti c Reward by grimaee «ih1 bufibon^^ If the

tf6od Jpersoh of Mr. S. Fenley'be free frdnl foppery off the

''^%ev bis Count Cassel is an exceNent counterfeits

•' "AH jltrSdni who atteiSipt^tcf 'cWtldSe foreign pKoduction^,

fght to be* carfefftfllvSnstrttcted m foreign manners., Delicaey
*pt)yi!tc1it^dpesr4f(^ za^At'^Sxm^ than haibitual fortns of
u^aitrorf; ' ancf V co^rifornflty With thd society in whicB we life.
So fiir as thi^ dj>iri}on' cati afi^ct Germali manners, live' nj^y
refer to certa'iri struflftiint^rf ^ o^ a^^ itLBrsTKious- l>BR8pi9;|LQii/'
from that country, ,wliose nqtiv9 levities were, by an ovmy^^r^
^Qus set of cer^din'yiSipel^s^ iiftordlistSy ftiiseoTHtrued ^cMStitu-,
timcU errors. 'AndHS^rfa^an "writers do not affect to vciljhe M-^.
tional licence /i&ii^Jiar tpi'their females, Heilaeiit is*^ thai, iiiea
of splendid talents d^^be virtue as"» pKilo^df^hy^^kAoiif «oi|
merely, as a "iriovd . attribdtc^ We kAAv M^lMt^wodbeDi^tf^^ji
<»untries, from a convidtion of the jresfiedt tlttty 0t«Ke to the^g-

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laityof tt^ir sex, orh^m ^^ dread of tIie.p)i|>U«^K0iStthrit^bb?:
lowfe afty* miproJ)er^iknation''6f tlicir at^^igmf rftsaL ArcMgli
life nnteipptc^ aod unsi^t^ned. . It inusty Ii0tmthaftsdii^'^«
ftclcnowled^edi that everp wpipanwbochanogfttofafr 4ilth^<<gle
branded wjthjndiscrunmate ignominjF^s Tiot^ mW^ftfrtJf -w--"
pravcd. But the hard sentence of the moral wprl^dHSfc^^c
apcidpntal wanderer to aTet)etitioii of trkne/^'dtlbwrtipj^V^^
tbose' privileges, wMclt Almighty mercy permits us ^Ih^pe^afte.
not inseparable fipom the repentance of the heart. ^ . ,- . . \ :l^-

With this mdmlssibi) the uerman ;s(2ian(^ gNe htuDapj^oulfies.
tct youth and beiutj', by tnaking them objectjs of refix^fd WdiiQ-r
tion t ' f« there are moments, artfully watohed, when tbc scRid
totti yield without the concurrence of the mind ; the Bftpixibt^'
tiW bf gCiilt botisequently ceases with the delirium that OBVBcrf^
ItVprbbityresum.es its empire; repentance foHows: a snte?^*
qu^nt life of spotless inaocence proclaims the absolute mgufif
virtue in the heart*

jHere we pause ! — Dream not fair countryT^-oroen that we
address this appeal to you in defence of German morality. . , ' ,^

Ko ?— ^'C describe the fact as a beacon to the unwaiy : . kc ^^
do 50 to warn EngHf^h scT^^ibllity from an indulgence in ixkidlgja'^
prindiples : to guard the rotnahtrc mind from a belief that evcij j
wcmian' may btcbmei whenever she pleases, another Mn**.-
H^dler : to shew by contrast the bright purity of our native.
delicacy, and to invpEe every female to emulate the ^enddM
of unadulterated excellence,' and to spurn the geajAy spbii^r^
fuges'elidltcd'by false philosophy! ., %l. \

-***-■»'•' ' ■ ' ' * . - 'Jv

' ! MONTHLY CATALOGUE. • :^ ^

•'"■ ' THEOLOGY^.-'^-i'-'''- • .■•'•-■

• •••(. i-j 'i: '." i )u', /•-••- ./•.-.'

ARt.^O.^Memoirs of Captain Jaffnii^W'dsion^qqiiUk\^^ '

f^ Enterprizes and Sufferings in Jndia^ Aisj pojivflrf^ff tfit-'hri^fmO- '*

ty\ li& Missionary Vouag^ to tlie Spu^ $fiQ^^ ja^4 Aisc|}fac)|/S<{4wtf.-

trlkinpKdnt' Death, By JdHN Ga^jFni.'vjPp^t. W>v-Willialii^. .

' A^^^^^'pe^sing thejkbove .titfe> 86wr of rbiirfkdiii^ riil#f fi^< -
inclined \o enquire wliy this article is placed under the hcad^
Theology; and why it. is not referred tp tli^^^ic^fplMeal depart
fnent'tSr'^he'Catalogue? — Be it known/ then, to ^uoh.fAquiraij'
Aat thefee '^''MethOlrsjof Captain James Wihion." 4une neither: mwiL.* ^
Aor^les^' tlraM s^^eltf fig foiPth of the xeligbnrpi^BCHdea of. c^rtm-
\^ ., ; - . ..•:!■.. ai ^»'*'.t' ' ■•-..''■- to. sir. >

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•iaSM^.dtdife^t.tlje 6aly apparent- motive ^or the publicj^tioa. iflbi
i%t|>it>Vit[toiibifitnnftd tl^t the conversion of the Ci^ptain to Chria-
t^iBi^y.iflm^-ailk^emiaait instance of t^e thdih of the doctrine pit
pr^^^i^^^^f^ QPC»rl^it48>fiiflhioaably deciominate(f^ *^j[ie ** hea*

^r^w*. ^ .w^tlwk jf^ftthe duty of iteviewfew^JWlitt tirtrvnmtAf
tfg^clie<ji'^,^|h,^^ bff'/^ts of, the Cay^Hjot SdfauLVSfylm^kg^nf'^
th€' tendency ratl^^r jjian the profes^edfoij^t q£ QNcti<^a:bqok^ v^-
have thought it proper, to place our rem^vl^ <>q i)|it>f>trfbaBifilice
Tvlief^TO^iicm' stand, that we ipight >vixh sui^qfiHaf C^tlR^y^ '
examine ifeHv of the tenets for which it 13 chi^Ry.co^iipV^v^s, noiir
Cnj^tain Wilson, it appears^ was originally 9. D.e^^^, .^^^WU'
the greater pan of his Jife he evinced no other desires. thaiifhOMlr
wbich arise from worldly circumstances,' and are encouro^Ji.JbyU
woij^ly j)|:osperity. A total stranger to the dcnptures) he \taa .*
accustomed to deride their precepts, to deny tlieir'authenticityj;,
and to re^rd the priesthood of every sect as a bonfederhtion .qf*
selfisl^ and deluding knaves. Chance at j6Bgth.* throwing in h^
way a young minister of the CalviuistiQ.peroRiaeiimiy he was in-^ '
duced hy the advice of a neighbour, one Cap^n^lqm, ibo debole with
ki&'the questions of scriptural verity, thediv>ini|)( of vpy^tion, $h^
creSltJiHty of miracles, &c. &c. The imupedjutq^yentof thecon*-^
troyem was the partial conversion of .Capf;^^ Wilsoo^ wjuck "
sooli nter matured into a zealpus belief in the dpgmas o£ oils' ' '

Tiwisrn^ ./^

Otf iheeiirlfy conduct of Captain W. it is Said — . , . ^

*^' He had behaved toward some connections he hod formed in *
India, in such a manner as Induced hUn to'gl6ry in his own righte-
ousuesSy and when compared with many of his countrymen \\
then piit -of«4h» world, he coinhtepettnfiflt he ought to be cele-
brated as a man of exalted virtue, rather than to bp considered as
a sinner. — Besid^ oil this he waa^unliGr the irifihoiice it anbther,
often fatal, mistake, as it is a serious preventive to reflection and
eonviction ; his many near escapes from death, the rapid success
attending his mercantile engag^nattats> < after being stripped of alt
he possi»sed, omd the conscious integrity and goodness ^his dWi| . •
hearty M liim^ptcHidfy'to imagine fhat fio was a high favourite of
thelMliji.''* U^'hStd'Aot ^iffficjentty con9idered.thHt many' of thot
spraMMBt «iBd»most'cfM. tyrants of this ear^h, have of tea beenwoq-;
derfdlly prMervec^ afHi^Lst the^ thost perilous circumstances, Kan4:'
extensively, prosj^erous in the most unjust and oppressive an t^r<*
prises,'' aff4 tMnBfcte''^i^ »«*« o# t^asdniiig^ Was ^ery'afiddrf-.

ciusit^;*. - V. .f :' i)vr/7 -' ■ • \- ' • '" •; -^ ;;\'" 'V-^'''o m'i

H€«re we'havfc fe-tompb'itifi^of'^fo!^^^^
morality. WiftioUt so mireh a^ an 'insinuation} thai li^<lJ9<W4f¥Vi(: ,{^
sjluded to w<« uubecWftWg or'ungenerbiw,' C^>^U^,V'^i^
covertly censui*ed'i6r f^hg some litilB honor tp ' himself on ac-^t
count of services .perspnalJy rendered to his conojecUoos in lndia«r

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4&I M4nmf^Jims%ml^

tH* fust ^tN^Hi^^'eon^d<«rhM9efr ft niAn6f^ VikS^lrJlMff HSfii'i

s«ilt«rif WMi'Qrftt49tlMftityH--tbft^ virtue h iniHniibdtf^'iH^c^tfm^
tkatttioral and yihiliiiithropic htthits are iisr valUaKlie'Wotjf^^Jtt'tt
«Mrtief?^^-aiid that «' eharity corereth n inalto;*li?6f'iriiitf?^*^
TikJtBWAy'^trmn th« humftti henrt nil stn^e of^ tli^fkl AHttitiAlli?
tad ereiy feeling' <>f exHltfttton resnltin^ ftwn1W?Tiiefi«i?Ti^1[iehrfWi
$kt^ you take away every inducement to the cx^rciAe qf tjixc jSnest
^)l[ipath^» of our nature. By intimating tlvit'Kifwj^ coridnd
•hoHld be treated with indifference by the party fvmciijg *t^ jpU
tefiit to destroy the sensible distinction between Hght aiid wronjji
aiid'ji^ render the free agency of Man a quality for the extinguisly
ftieni of virtue. For, in such a case, how ffhall an individual fail
pnimpted to gratuitous good works? — If he is to feel no satisfao-
tiOB consequently, he will be unimpressed with the propriety. o(
perfonning them ^ for man must cease to be what he is before ]w
eaii separate the latier feeling from the former.

Again, Captaite Wilson is reviled by inuendo for '' proud^
Imi^ining that be was a high favourite of the Deity." WTiy tipj
so he mightp without any imputation of indecent pride. Is ;^MH
speciilcauy stated^ that he possessed " integrity of heart?" ' fi^
18 there a single sentence in Holy Writ to shew that this seai(i^e^
is hateful to God ? I^ay^ do not the most beautiful parts of Sj^Rn
tare demonstrate thai nothing is. more pleasing in his 8ig1ii(2r5
But the writer himself conmtes the insinuation. P. S4, jbe,^9
^t Captain W. "* never^ .till after he knew and felt the']JQirp^
pf th^ Gospel, reflected on the vile ingratitude of Us own )nm
^wan^ Him who had to often and so remarkably delwend hii^ bfW
land prwidence, whea on ^he brink of death.'* If thi# i^ ^^-f
qlear and unequivocal confession that Captain W. was a '\ififfl
fyvQi^U, of the Deity/' we do not know what c^ be. ^ ^ yv
*[^ On the. Sunday immediately succeeding the day oa whiqh^
conversation between Captain W. and the-miaiatertopk ptefcaytji!*
former. proceeded to the conventicle oi tlte latter to hpar his S^"
inoiK He was enraptured with the diacoune, sad abnost: £i^
v«rt0d, la the afternoon he repaired again to the same scene ;-^
ijhitr k» ! another poeacber ascended thtr ^tA^imA <Mmf^^
15ci(fop4'* b^ adeigyman of the EttabiishedChiittil^fitepMnsiv.
Ih^fpttowing iB iha writer's accomM of the iBat4cDTf(«*»fr( ^ * ' " -

■^j^'f^iien the time returnee} for ^^^i^f^^.^i^J^^ Y^^^^^
^;S9 ^ viotber place of worship^ w^ei^p & ^^d pL.^/eymoj^ r«g
9u ihe prodigal son, not twen^y^minyt^M^Jongj to^
fe^d With great attention, but tyhe^ * flmshfi^ ft^t.9^^V?''%^-
iimf^lf, not a sentiment has bepn u^ffired'lWs n^ernoon
to levelatlohi any man o^ whate\jer rfJljgtpnsi,omHio^
have preached this .sermon, for it Ts mere ifeimn.'' Tlie.

, tJhai yofmg people are profte I'o folly ancf tetravigance, 1^^

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i^ni; /«^ fi^wU- r«Q^¥« ^ pailitm^MA. ;$mM9lgr^ ^OiHlgbt tin
Vwf«ii^,,M| 4^ ^9tf ^ceq^ire ^ Son of <Mk to owie dmwi% ^imm
}lea1ff^nta^^hL8^ckcommoxl-pl^epnllci|ll€«l^tbefe» ami ikoii^
tljie^ «iri^|t;i;^(h8,( 1 (|iie«tioo wl^th«r the HHtii<H.of Um puroUe huA
uot ^Q^^^^g^l^r 4f^i^n< in utUriiig Uj thaA, tbt%*«f?riiip9» ifnpttiMi^
^f9B?(A%r^VP^:!?^ fte^B ih^t leUing ilovro Oie triK^li^ of..jQi«di«h[
tiooc^^, lf,ve;!iFiKi,lf|^,^lve pruicirtes of•AfLtum^xeligjipIl,;b^^pittfMM99

^'nijc'gi\>^'iBlbeW!!ty of these remarks towaVds'lfi^ ctergi' ot|fia*
lfA*fb*r'Aii tittukca, ft too manifest to escape' notice. ' wfial't^iS
tWIIer meahd by *' letting dowil the truths of revelationj to a
kiVel yith the principtes of natural religion'by preachiHij' ippre
ittoral ettiies;** we <iannot determine ^ but thus much ^ye^ asseWlJ
ft'at the lamentable deficiency he betrays of correct thinking pij?
'^'m'orill ethics," utterly disqualifies him for a commentator on tfi^
^iibject.' By the %Yay, we would ask/ whkt Is the i^iporl^of 'llife
pfHrasfe '* moral ethics >" Are ethics ever immoral ? We wiercj
never, till now, led to suppose that theyafe of an amphiljJPiiH*
iljftlll*e.' ..... J

^^^rbughout the volume is inculcated' the 'ridiculous, wc ba2[
jtHHcfst ^aid impious, notion, that eveW eVe^Jt, of \yliutever na,-^

^ _, - or ^eaven to exist on

eartfr'? Is it to be credited that aji all-\viSe, all-just, and i\it^
pfMerfnl Being, is the father of vice, the trea^^r of evil pas^i9n8^
adff Wie sdurce of human depravity ?f^^o such #n extent does thii
rfd^mne' tend. For the moment' predestination is arbitrarily
i^iMi^d as the cause of ' any one '^iveii occurrence, notning can
fto^ '{he deduction, that it may ias reasonably be applied to aS

The effect of Calvinism upon' the minds of its deluded Voifau^
filffy'*B^'i(pprec(ated from the cnsuihg extract. It is part of alet-
fe^wHttefaby fcaptarn.Wilspn, wlien on his missionary voyage/ trf
a friend iM toodoii, and \viW be found pretty well charged Wi la
ftaatieaa'tfaht.'' ' , ' .

^(i** 1< Myvelf/Offiofbiv MitiKsiotifcirics, avd'ship^'s company, 4)re<all
iDp«vfeet beakbi ll^^eA ibiv liiii nitae., who said; /When then
goest throngh tfaeJiontewA ItwtttihcwiiiDtKce -/ thbi fmnM^i^i^^

J have had five of the, MJs-

^ed to the knowledge of tl|ie' jgiorious'gosjfcl'w

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Hod and Saviour, ft wiU'-'tAM^-tMiiJ ' f^mponse m« fer all the

■^in^ pilBparecl'tb 1 , ,

CffO^hM cafl^il me to tl?is w©rk, knd that h^ wlti ij^fi^ljt^ thH^ifeh
it. 1 know, iriy" dear frlciid, in 'my own ilrfctigth 1 iah do nothin|^
tight, tat as the apostle says, '1 can do all things' thit>ftgh
(Ukliiat twhMi^^n^liftoetk fne.* • • . v ^ >*!>«« s,^

.\ <' 'T4ie *BiM& is no coDiitngiy deriacd &Ut»,.ihf«g^ I-KHVr
kalrft mv di}ubta»at.tan8a of my pecaoiwd.iBterwt iii<4h/» ffla0«|i0
Wdtkxki tedemption. Yet not all the men 'm the .iyprld> nof Satun
with all his principalities and powers, can, or ever will»v2'tlll»l^
be able to persuade me that it is not the word of the Mc^t High.
Nothing in , this life qould so completely have weaned me fro^
^e\hings anci maxiros of ibis %yorl(} as this precious yolumefias
done since I have beei^ enabled to believe, it to' be the worc^of
God. I have not had yet a single wish for any of my temporal
btetetHglcft behind; aiid the- only fear I have had has hi(eii:!that
thii Lord would jM>t prosper the work in my hands. I have hciHi
i6ften nfraid least I should not please the Society: hut.mw«
^jbougfa conscious »f always o^nding> I can go and pkadi fiMi
txf great £i9ploy-^> any own ignorance and in^uffic9ency#. «ni
•arneatly intr^at ftir more wisdom and strength aQConiingp;Vk
liis promisea^ Tlus, my dcsr friend, is part of my expsfiaaor
since 1 left you^ I virupt I hare an interest in your jNraycis .ajid
in those ofthechuieh. Give my Christian lovv and affed^bltr
ate^regards to them all. My continual prayer to God for them
fiJTlbat they" iiiay ^Stif up each other to art more and moH
like king's sons and daughters, iind pOt to choke the good seed
with over anxious cares for the things of this world. This will
^hln their conscienoes and f^e^their souls till they a^ e^ flfeaa >Jk
.rfaAi*aoh*s cattle. I trust, ciy dear friend, as the Lord haa pliftced
^on over his vineyard, yoawill le careful to d^trt^y those imu-
rious weeds. 1 know you cannot do this of yoarsHf; but ^4)at
you have to do.^ is to use the means, to cry aloud 4hd .^are ftot^
and leave consequences %^itK yo^r'Master.* '" - - ; ,

y.

Art. 11. — Facts and Evidences sm ibcSuhiect qf BfpMsm^ m a L^fr
to a Deacon of a Baptist Church. , U'ith 2 Plates, By the Bditob
OF Cali^et's Dictionary of jnn Holy Bible, 8vo, Pp. 52,

u. Baylor. 181&. *••• ' ;/; •;;■.;■'; ";./' 'y • ' ■ •*

A 8CIEKTIP1C and able enquiry into the ceremony of BaptBm.
4i^e' author maintains thart this Ancient lust ittrtlort n^tiot ori»
^naWy performed by ptunging the body inf6'Va*c*.^ To fthiAAKlte
Sirs position he extracts those passages frf tb^Ntw^ Testiml^nt^ th
which the word Barra; and Its dfenvafiytti ohJur. This wwk
contains mudh curious matter to tlie foVei^'^ofjblemield ^onfroN
t^sy. ItTi^iUtxiperUBedifithinteren. ,' " ' *

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«>f , (^ifitf^if ai AuUibrUj/, Jbr {hf. tJfst of'^eniai

[Ijfi^ J^xercisesj or IlxempU Pr0pm,%c,**' Law

jtuU

Aar.cxeelieDt comgendium of the dentate Af Rhetoric. , T%$
fMkiir HMfittkmciy'ilcaiiratie in hi^ explaDaUoos^ and fdicltous in
lr)#flI««ti«ifbiU: add certainly approves hiixiaelf>,wdl qualified Of
hWiisk/* S^lkHAxrmim^ wlU liaid adirantege m pftvoni^in; iU0

> i '1 ': -' ' ,1 ,

Akt. 13. — ^^ Brief tTistorical CdUchim cf'thtS^ljfScriptid'et, f)^
V ^nedfor the Use of Children Md l^un; Peritms. By Wittik^
AJi'EXANoea, JPorM. Bartoa and Co. London.

'^-M«. Albzavdxr here fumishee a rexj meful aaaiat&Bt to n»d«M
»Hhe Bible ^ i. e^ to aach readen aa wMi tO'tmee ilieiucts «f SOf
^^rad History. The Inlerrogatoiieb are well ^0, and tlie answers mm$
ekJBff aarrect ; aad tlwngh the ^iriginalsufc^ctHaalter is evidently
Msch eompressedf we do not fKrceive any material point on^itteo.
^lia whole evinces a diligent search of the jHoly Scriptures, and
%^aonreepondent knowlec^j^e of U^r oanteots. Neither justice no^
JiaeliuatkMv will suffer ua lo forego rdcaiiittiendiiag this " C(4e^
^0hicm f** which we do i^rHh unmiKed 9iitisfactio4»

.-litf'J- ■' 9 l.'f ■ J ■ J ■!

MEDiaNE,

J' • •' • . . ► . . . . . . . .;

4^v^ hkjrrJ^ Me* tq the Anaiqmical, Medical, ChirurgkMl, g^

f t^Mogkol Papers, contained in the Trpufactions of the BoualS^

,■ eiei§-0flj»n4onsfr4im ^ Commencement of ikat. ^prkfo the tjvi

\ yef tk0 Y^nr 1313. ChronqlogieaU^ and A^hubcHpallif arriimgej^

4to., |*p^ 101. follow.

T^is is a very useful present to the faculty. , The coxnpiHer, ft
appears, arranged it for his own convenience; and finding it a
lexicon in his researches, now- prfes^nts >t to his brethren in tlia
jieidin^^Krt.*^ it will recommend itself. . ^

Art. 15.— .^Amtioi i2€por^ of the IVhUehaven DUp^^ryfor th^ Y^ar
^ }814. Ware, Whitehiivcn. 1815.

pa. Duu?!*,. idle Pbysicifii|,,of tf^e Ayhllehayeh toilpenfefy, j^
asa believe, the gentleman to whom the public are indebfed iTor
th^pviieol Repgft^ .Gw^ W^^sM/Vory. ji"M»r)|r Jl^d; op.th^
iaasiiiiMUe wib^ of (itN^.QawTPppK^ lnocylfitii)ii^,|i4)^ ibi^ >{nP9^
ianca of giviagits .praistoi benefits as i^tei^^iv^ a ftwi(f^,».tp/^
aibk. In Whitehaven ai|4 Npwdi» fe.W JW^^I^jUiW ^i

CwT. lUv/ Vol. U, Oc«o6<?r, 1815, iW^ •

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fingle Histimee of tlie SBfALL-^Fbts. (MUgion .IM oemt^iA since
this, life'^preoertfng expedieht was generally adcipfted.** '-

We give the conduding observaMone. T» Ibrth^ thie exteatio^
of memcal ehrffity^'is; ^rhaps, more beneficinllothe pooler elaises
of Society, thhn adv6cating tiite expediency' of estabtiflhoseBlf^
ine^ly decmoaiflaiy. : i- l;.- -

. '' To the epmmisseration of distress^ whatever forn>. it may air
vutofiv ^Q Are instinctively impelled^ and the cominon feeliaga of
humanity prompt the earnest wish and strenuous cndea.vqjir / to
alleviate it, by our bounty and exertions. And great is the pre-
sent reward' annexed to the gratification -of -the beftevolent a^
fections of our nature. For what felicity on this side of the

Kiye ca#i equal that which IsobtHtWed by the exetcise of CHA-
t Y } Truly blt^^ indeed i« tbe life of the humane and opu-
lent ^ of those who enjoy the enviable prerogative of posseesing
a heart that is suaoeplible of the delightfhl feelings of brotherly
love, and at the Sai^e timeof possessing a fortune, which ena*
Wes them to reifipve or nihigate the numerous cnkmities of life,
and render the i^^lbrable condition of their indigent and suf-
fering brethren fcore thhh comfortable. The contemplation of
the happiness of thdse objects, whose miseries their charity has
relieved, the grateful IJett^ibtiona of the poor, and the approba-
tion of their 6Wh coriSPicnc^, are to them a continual source of
the purest pleasure. Deslrbus of tracing in their condyct the
imitable AxTHiBurt^'^f th^?f heriign CaEATo«, they may be per-
mitted humbly to etkiH* in hv^irfg applied tiic talent entrusted to
theif care to the p^ifpdse for w)^h It was allotted them, — that
of promoting the varieu^ ft^d be6t interests of their afl^cted fel*
low creatures.

Be^ds of Charity «fre the brightest ornaments to splendid
affluence -, and in the hour of adversity, the retrospect of a lif^
j»penU 19 pron^oting , tb^^ h^pipess, or alleviating the misery of
man, will afford the firmest suppprtj^ and th6 swe'eteat tonsola-
tion. And whilst amidst tfcc various incidents of 'tliis checquereH
«cene^ we derive fvon^ufih deeds iof beneficence the noblest and
most exquisite ^atificailoxi, we are ai^^tboriied l^ Reason and
^Religion to cherish the gloKip^.hopaof a/uW« iH^lbtmhletrev:ard.**

■>.•■'- ..' .-..». v til J-i -ti ,' .*,}•'■

j^T. 16 — Poems and f<^!fio^oa$x, fy^jk'QMnfhlfO^. fjv^i. . Pp. 143.
.... .. . Bo9th,.. ;lPl5.'..v. a ., ,

^Es< poetic' el|\iiiphk are iisK^l^ed 4bt^ttie'wbridby a long Ust
bt fashionable svbscribei^. dn sufeh 'ex^^iVe paipdnage we cod-
g^ulate this " youhg lady^*' (f«ff rdnir iMtf-^ekhtt iMtie sways
not our opifLiottin (eriticising Whatever w^rk ibay be laid belbfe

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Mn»fhhr PatfliiMTii i f fhrt^ ■ *

va. Sararefori^ byr ]mr k»v^ gs^ toiljt* M# IV^i^;(
era — ladies high%ai, fneMLua^ft bumb^lrrrV^'^iU:-
proteg^y '^ ani4 b«>t)iiiig e»taMliito>'' . . -i... ..v, . • •

It b not aUvays that .tntok subacrilM^r^ 9re ^fbfij fi^pat , ibrtunate
qiccttktorainliteratviwki giving Ijboir'^n^jief 9^^ f^ a boin Xhm
a remuneration. In the present instance theji8,ji%^^)pt9ij^ consw
derable credit to be gi%'en to our fair poetic petitioner. Some of the
poems are pretty-^some patltetTC and -seiitimehtld^ abd the whole
delicate ahd moral. In aid of this our opinion^ we qtio^e ftQpi fact
«'BtenlhgWalk."

** At the Bweet pause 'twixt night and day^ i..\

Whes twilighl spreads her mantle, grpy^ >

, \^lieB fragrant dews reyire the «[)fad> ^ «

And to the fold the shepjiertls l^d . . '^ * : .y

Their fleecy charge — whenshadowfglid|e;i . ~'

And unmelodious sQund^ subsidy J .
What time the nest its brood reoeiyeS;^
And scarce a breath disturbs the l^ves 3
How grateful then to seek i\k^ glad^ ^
To watch the gliminering l^nd^cape fad^^
Till all be harmonized jin.s)iad^ ) : .
. At such an hour (so truly i^uldji.
t. It might have sooth'4 affection's child)

fi^' ' 1 left the dwelling most ea^ipor^d

- :,.',; . Where first I li^p'd a p^me rv^evd, 3 , > .

Where fi)nn*<d by an isdalgieQt k^aii. -

ji '•; . Reason's youiig bu49 b§gai| ('aicpc^i^f .. ,

1 And pity taught my. h^^t t9grlfive^ .

Ere it yet panted to relieve. , ;

.:.., What pleaaiiuces^asIsMUrpll^^.al^qgi

i. J Re-kindled at the WoQdn^an'* aang/\ ^.. \;^,.

' '"ilie pi^ty and affection breathed ip th6 address ^to htmi^h
,%.n irresistible appeal to th€ appmbatioh df the reader. '^

-'^' If <hd fbnd wish that In my bosom^giows, ^ . . . ^'| ^
Ascend to Heav^nwhewce every ooaift>riflp«i| I . - •. v.v*

Ifthedeficien«y^biit<xiiifldiD9|i»y'r > '/ - i

Breath'd for thy weal^ obtain acceptance ll^re»

• ■ Thettf Anaa, Ihpuwilt be thyHaa*»keg'#<«>e4- - — —

Then will the coming vear thy faith increasOj
Rise bright in hope^^ ifik j^Ude Way in peace ;
While joy succeeding joy» through boundless grace^
The tneito'ty (rf piidtlrl& will dfaitfy ) • • - -^ -<i i .tkA
Save when it wak«^€l^ th&«ght,most justly dfnar.f^^.
That M^ yfitjf^ sm^e ci^pjr^ssps virtue's.ti^r^ ^ , , .t^W^^^tet-.
, Cau in religipQ^Jpy^y garhbestow/ " ,,. J?^^cJ?B!PSi(

A jirecious b<4w# «V« r a5tM0t<5 tp ww?, /. . . f^P^ 9f yth*

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My ralued sister, should th' All Perfect prore.
Throughout th» year hl^ 6oftclesceiidittg wve ;
Should He, sweet girl, jPorHe alone hath pow'r,
Securely lekd thee to its setting hour ; '
Oh! nayit find' thee safe in <hity'si^A7#/ •/• '
Thy wQl resigned^-^thy chief employttiefit praise i

Akt. 17.— ^oems, Detcriptice of Rural Scenery. By Tbomas OsirM; !
Jun. jigriculturist Wrightson, Binningham. * "i

%iiii foUowiiig is the Introductioa to thtae Poems.

'* The juvenile Author of the following fOtiStS, in the course of
his little work, has laboured under many disadvantages, from th^
almost excltisive occupation of his time in the more active en*
gagemcnt3 of life, and though his attempt, as a literary charac|er»
is of the humblest kind, yet to come before the public in any
shape whatever, appeared to him so formidable, that he shoul^
have been deterred from publishing altogether, but from the che^f^
ing though partial approbation of his friends.

''With whatever views he may contemplate the iRnal fate of li^
little work, — whether it shall be buoyed up for a while by the fine
spring-gale of prosperity, or sink into (perhaps descj-ved) negt^^
and oblivion 5 yet he would be solicitous to avow the sino^tyoOf
his motives, in thus endeavouring to add his small contribution to
the support of Virtue a^nd the Muses. He is aware, that i| m m
virtue we nmstlbok for solid^ and permanent happiness, undl^
the Muses may be made the distinguished medium of assisting 4k
cause so sacred, by the facility with which they can call fprth tf^
best feelings of the human heart j-^tp the Muses he owes a thou*
sand obligations ; to their flights he attributes the happiest intc^ *
vais of his existence's and by th^lf. infiueoce; he has trilled a t^Dg
that has cheered . frequent hours of solitude and. aUeViaiedrt)^^
bitterest moments of grief and anguish. ^ - i^

'' To the errors and defects oF this little volume, the author se-

Juests the candour of the public'; and though his^exertipns may
III to procure for biiti the AirRA Po^ul^bis so desirable^ yet Jie
fondly hopcSs t6ere may be sonnfe among the. ' diac^rx^ng few*
who may thin& hia poetical attempts entitled to their approbation^
' and his faults to thci* indu^gpncc.** •;

If Mr. Qart^y I'eiilly wrote 'Hb^'feyr lines,' we. sfneeritly con-

gratuKte him on his arquiremenis, and advice him to euliivate

' so \ 'Mitig a talent for prosaic, compositian'./ But vf« must

l^ess # not to trouble the Muses ^ morej for,, absolute^,
bf fashibnai*^* are. the moat senseless and doggreS stuft it has
gratuUte thi/ "^"^^^^^ ^«^ J^'*^-
lnot our opi^ir

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J^T. 18.-— CSsroIm^ Luinoni^ iwr Th^E^tmiiPftSuXmL.,^ Taie.
By Alicia Catk^jvl^^xj^akTi 4ttiftor^/^JiU0if:«-/Xb Yomg^

" Of the fotmer work of this jouog lady, we have expressed our
approbation.* The present^ has encreased claims upon our atten-
t%xii> iftnttitaidccifled superiotity both in sifbsl&e^liM emfc^UudA
xnents. -i •. •. ^' • ' ";'-• * •'*

* Caroline Lismore is represented as having lost one of the best
of mothers at-vteitdtif iige c her surriving pbrent^ a gentl^mi^ of
large fortune and i?ery fashionably dissipated^ determine^-rupoii
dH&dcatli^ his dafnghter in the hou-ton. To this., ead^, wlth(}U^ wa.^
mJting his female relations, he places her under Ahe tuition of a
Mrs: Carr, ati old appendage of fashion, who^teacKes her to de-
s^^lle ^ery thingthat does not tend'to extravagance and folly, in
^nsequenee of a contagious fever raging in her fath^'s house in
Ijondon, Caroline is sent into Devposhire to.tbe cw:^ of the Aev*
"Sfr. Conway her maternal Uncle. I^i^ lyp^thy clergyman haA a
loving wife, and two amiable and accompU^ned/.^i^ghte^
^rfir^Sted alone by their friends. The ,Lb^on^b^ea anticipating
Uu(% diversion in l^umbling her count^ cou^^is^ purposed ta
ystbutid them with her display of fa^h'iojh.^ The tsrarnjjth of affec-
tlofa '"Mth which she is received^ s)^e,pr^j^^ij? i^iih the cold.cere-
^po'iilotis salute. Spon, hoi?i^evef,^o -her We^^^ mortification, she
'Bote Uer London airs rj^pil upon, ^i^rael^ ^ tfer. cous^ns^ b^des
^tiWccAleht education, )pOsscsi^ wit, ^^ humour, anu in.tii|VA /acia
'si^tmentally Serious ;. a^ecUon^te/ among 'themselves,. rexec]^
'ttte^r parents; charitable to tjie pppV, aui tbft dejigiit of f^e ^^bojC
"tiri^b6tit'hcH)d. Tnstructed' by ^tieiK^, pdothei;, they l^avf jm^hed
ifkhowled^ of music and cfrawjn^j-^^re weU.re^, Iq. li^er%i]ue
tfnde^ thejudfcious tuition dt their father^ .ahi religion W.Wig^i
^thetnMdvery amiable qualitv. ' ' * . ;'; ^^ ; . \, t>*n^f.fr

The London fashionably ^ooi> bqgii^s e6 jTipel yexedJJif^ij^^ia the
'^Jwiig*' " slie 9aw pothmg tbatsh:e cqul4.^ui?^r\'p)i%^pjls
aldnl»^b<^f the old house) |6r th^''^d(aily lias retired Ip rj^ve^
tlie tnind, iii-^th^!r. separate a^artihents; she cQ9i^ at^xi^li \o
tihe tttMi wliCTe sit l^er^^buslqs^ oii.e^uirbdn by jK^^^o^ ^
Ittstrtrtrieiifs^^ttie oth^i' 5^at/M at her easel«.eaiph,buBily\iu^t
upon the work before her. Caroline almost envieli her cousins \

ihe%r^ fau'ght ifo coWiiaef^ them rather a3 1^ fasj^patiiiS^
'^ttlk 6f a young lady th^rf'as prb^fil^le and necessary l{r5C|B(^^:(
But ^hions, at sixteen, had not perverted •^v^^^ei^ure pfytae

> I. ■ ■ In,

' • Critical Renew, OcUbcr, 1814.

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4dp Mpatb}; Cattlogae^jfoce0aii«d«u

miod. She l^risely determines to make an eSbrtjio- value tine t
to improve ber luiderstandlog. ^amide prq^vced .emulation |
and she seeks the compassion of her aunt j who placing her in iliQ
ma^ formr.witb her daughters^ proscribes a course of study wUch
apon rendere^i her ini/y the admiration of her friends.

We have seldom met luith a tale containing so much preeept^a»
the i^esent. The incidents are highly interesting, aD4 the ^r^wp^
trophe^ the death of the repentant father. We could wish ;ko. iliTi
tipduce CaroliDe Lismore to the . female fashionable worlct/i iiop
as 9- comjuinion to the waltz — ^but for serious perusal in the closfSU
To the beaux who flutter round them> we re^omxa^ Uie A^*

Amt, 19. — The History of Little Davy's New Hat. With Engravmgt.
Pp. 6S. 12mo. Darton and Co. 1815.

:. Under a simple title, we here find an excellent tale for jontiL
la a very apposite address to parents^ the author says,

** Trtflivg as the subject may appear to the young and tli!^^
tfionghtless, when a new book for children is introduced into a £»-
mily, it becomes the indfspensable duty of parents to know it^ con*,
ients. If it inculcates false principles, the pride of wealth, or more
pnrftealftrlyr -superstition, let them, for mercy's sake, use it for
lighting the fire. This notion 1 imbibed forty y^irs ago from my
mother, a vilkge schoolmistress, and I have never found cause to
alter this opinion. It was then i was taught to pri;&e Good][ Tw9l
iShoes; for its excellent hits at superstition : and to read the His*
tbfy'of'Jack the Giant^Killer for tjie purpose of remarking jts
abominable absurdities, tn the year 1801, 1 wrote the following
yule story in order to iry its effects on the minds of my own chil-
dren. I sunk the language to the level of their understanditigs^*^
and succeeded beyond my expectations. After laying on me
flhelf fourteen years, Davy takes his chance of pleasing mgrees^i
tensively. . Perhaps the charact^frs are too good-^too ptirfect— ^or
whatf we. unfortunately see in real life ^ but that thcur ]|p)veft)( is
iEir6t1)eyOnd truth 1 am certain.'^ ^ •' * \' ,

:,/•.■-..-:-*''-■.: '. i^ .,: '• i •> v ^ •->*,•* ''

This well meant offering of aparerrt^ito 50tJing«fMk« Witt, tre
doubt not, be eagerly ^ught for, anci fully appreciated in the nur-
•cry. Idle mu^t be the bpy who Wufd iSdt read this litt^ book j
and h^^whbrefttses^o fblloWits pfec^pt'd idiist iy'e whrppetl info an
accordance with Aem. , -''^ . ^J u.>w.ii. ,..

3.V0I& By AunMoxir ^BM«ecx^ Itfftisf «xm ( Pjp. 844. 8¥A.
.-N€fwtaBiaii:iaii(pO/' 1«15. ' •■* :.' i-i^.-i..*- •:

As a jiwj^tet, ^. .^olftciri .:l»s- c^r^^pjy bpfip^i9^e&tSgaI4ex

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i«itl[8 qumkin n^fw is^not whether h« ie a volumldotu wrttfr«
Iniiivhetittr he umpfoves'tn writing t-i*H¥fe afiswer in the iiflimia»

i in our Number for December last, we had oceaeioo freely Hr
lObserve upon this gentleman's lenf^thy and laboured work called
^"^Bouverie^ the Pupil of the World ;*' many a tiresome page wf
atri^led through, but found nothing absolutely feprclieiisible i
and, 'Upon the whole, that work was acoorded a portion of merit,
Slie-present is tar superior; it is, in a great nieasufe» divested of
those aggrarating tantalizations of bveakfast and dinner parties
tolkt tables, and such '' small flue;* as serve but, at best to eM
out a' mawkish tale.

t/Lr. Holstein has here attempted the eocentric, the fiistidioM*
and the overbearing ^ and he has well succeeded in depicting
man abundantly girted by fbrtune, but dissatisfied witl^ evefy
thing $ we are introduced to an amiable wife sinking under his
caprice ; three daughters of opposite dispo$it»ns — the good and
the bad; and a worthy son, endeavouriiig to reconcile these coisv
trarieties. The noble and generous hearts of a fnilitarv and a
naval commander are well contrasted to the moody mind of dia-
cohtent ) and the other characters ^re a goo4 copy of tlie fraHtiea
pf humaQ nature.

MISCELLANEOUS.

Ab'^. ^^.-^E-anoe and England; or. Scenes m Back, CamptUdfrtm
the Oriigmal Papers. By Edward Castletoh OmomD, Bm,
2. Vols. 8vo. Pp.204. G. and S. Robinson. 1815.

This little tale possesses consi^^fnhle interest; it is however ol
father a gloomy description.

Krt, 32.— i^ NefP and Practical Course of Book-keeping ; in whkk
Double Ehtry is rendered intelligible to all Capacities, and Singjle
Entry by being approximated to Double, is made to possess eqUsBl
Proof and certainty of Correctness, By P. Tb oREAtr, Accom plant.
Law and Whitaker, |8)5.

Mr. Thqrbau informs us that the. chief object of his publmK
tion is to render less complex tl^e ^^xt of Book»keeptng» He ohr
ferves in his Introduction, tha^

*' Some aHthors have exercised great labour aad ingeiMiiity io
elucidating the resfiective advantages of Doi^ble and Single Bit**
try: the result of which has been to».rai»a>d»uhto r^speeticg tte
coniparative i^erits of both systems; aad ia nsa^y oases tp wdia^
|iose those who are diffident of their own powers* taihaadsrptioii
of that, which has been represented as the most complex of tiie
.fwo^ Md as rs^ttiriii^ the niost time, it aiipcars, hoiieTav'ta th^

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lit

^e indisp^ntable requlflft^'^ «« ftroT"

tnore iiaae tfiap is caused by the necessiqr of 1

afmlidntlon of th« ^bMriise i%l« of aflfliMK/ltftni

«" eingts IbBfry ;' in tito ab«M fl!MlMi<»ifM&4dl of '

Moetsafy , and the q«alkf of pei ^vWHuoe la 1fcM<

Hie FUisftl aiW bM^ad a i«gillw/iMA$ Ml 4M|#AM
f^vtem of Book-keeping ; with a method of pill«MMnMnP
0m #f fpcomnts, w^l U^erabv IreadHf i(6M6|ki^«MlF.^<^i«^«

i'

tti/

J^jax.^.— 7^^ JVffra? Monitor i containing many us^d ___^ _^
!*f^ .Pi*6nr ani Private conduct of the Young pentle}jk^'^^\
* ikg that Profewdn, vt ^^? ^'* *Fra«c/u?5.--r/a /^e coitf^ '^
* 47^ KJuto" fW Kemarks on Gunnery, are some ohs
VfcBOfA Actions n;!?^ ./frt/cHcfl. 'A^sOj a Plan for Imp]
" System,a8fqras'it\egar^ that inoitt useful 'set of'P
Midshipmen/ "py ariOfficer m the Navy. Pp. 225.

I V«^aS^e /elt ipuch pleiisure in (lie perusal of this Utile ti^i
Tpie author'is eYidetitlyjai man of experience and sound —-^^^
His advice is practical aniftfiereforp useflil • and th^ 1
vhldh'it Is '<3oucfaed^ though not always grammatical '4j(- _
ff A ivdl cultivated ipipdy is i^eneraily.pJaiQ, concise^ pmi
fihlt. . ■; . ' . • . *

^ . In tlie cji5ipt.er on *' pMniiery" we have found spttit regfti
our i)aya7 cbniflicts with America, afid on t}ie causes jff

success of the latter is attributable, which particulaj^ ^(itf t^

attention of the Directors of our Marine. 'Mn no acticfh wtMJHf
jtxxemy,'* says the writer, " hasTthe undaunted braveiy of Bnliqi
' feaiB^, ever, shcme piore co^smci^tis [^ j^an |n att^hfi^cfifi
;,|aents vith f|ie Americap^;. j(^i^k«^|^^ i^hfva|

*£»> £z^^d*8)ioDpur ai|d ^rfd|{yj^ jgi|j.slu4^ ^~

pedbminaiit: I allude U>>k^lt4n^^j^ijifiQ^ jij^

Martial of the surviving officei^^lldcai^w^

-vaasels^ it Was proved' that her^c^eiiu^^fdu^^

jpns^^.a^ 3^ and im#^. J§ %§mm^Jfkmf^^>^

lioi^ised sialit on their g^s^XwWv^lmMlfi'k^^
laapla&pf of Cl«|t guns M4)»Wi.so timj^MgMf^^f^aiB mmU

kMte been pmctiged to um thende^mght iW Ai^gflfmm.iiitf
ftuTapiM^kamoitviinateatleiilitotito ^att of guaaavylnttar

yuMjW laaMiiadtedvl tiiai^iilllk0a«aM^liMMAfllMi:~

>,!»•. r

L

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durtoitvbou^oflrAdn^infclHr {soniik^aated.verftits noUonif^ and'
myw^Uf^tttf^t^) J^m^ a45fi\gU fes«el tQ ih^ Atoc^

ilciiuxjast fifsiM/adt ei^m^ pf sveceise&ny conteodios wltli thfi

.¥^l^7»|Jbf'3ci^ is far inferior to.tbe'

AtfijAffm. . -/' A «a|rtMa of a Britiab Man of. War*' ebMTea iM
^tii^'lmtii^ltsi^thQBe men wba are sent to. him, lyid tho«««
Gti3f{ ^MJAjtipfffA^^ seHt togelb^r. Indeediaauobk,

^«itgir«»^Mi% ttcfli idij^otUaipMaMeirit caiil)e ^ther«Fii^***f *
Ia tki ae»ip1aji>jiHir Men of War are always, huriied to sea at S()01i
as possible, afierheiiigmaawd.' No time is uliow^tpget t}i#^
Aip in tbe least fighttnt bt^l^: ' 1^ little is this regarded as ne*"'
eessaiy, that a the^gfit to^m^^ar^ret* giren to it untfl the ship
is lairlj at saaj; and then if the weather happen to be battit enV
tirely precludes all possibilitf^ attending to the guns. Even Ir
the weather prove fovswahlBrit.will t#ke j:fGyrti)ighr/nay; f «»ay.

Sgr a month before they can be ei^fp in toleratU figl\tii\g oi^er.
n the. other band, thf Aqitrioi9% ^e ?pe<;^al isare nof; to pro<^ed
id IM, until their ships ar^ in ^erfect^o^4<:r, vptil the traioing,<>f
^ttien to ttiegUAS has 'hi^nparti9ularly attehded to^ aoU^^ii^
{Mt uxitd she eanil>e $aid to be St to eope wiih'iu^ enemg.^^ '.' " '

^Tb^e obgerrations are snrfcly worthy of eonildera^oti. m^H
lofl$ k ng;id attention to ihem wotfid Vipio dbntAnM to prcidlUi tt»<ifl4
iH^nipfiCd which recently ft might hU^ c^ffected, we cannqt determine
Eve)^ d^ hears witnesi t» th^ g>oWing strength df the A)&efi<la4^
Titkvf. Th^ sailors b^thfe Ufatted States, we Sar, Are neither bhp^
' r nor numerieal|y^4ttfet'ior to those of £ngland. Atid thol^^ii
laritlme Establishment -hej^at aUd powerful at {/mint, 4f
Id be intere^ing t6 chl^utale 'liow soon a rival maf iat^tniEiy
iftn'the Wi^ternt^^eb of tb« AtUntip. 1 . , .. - ^

hXr.W,^^The BelghM Travetla^dt'a Complete Vuike iKroufK'il^
p^kd l^herlan0}:VMtd9»^gtf^J^^ ofeter^ Tenon, tH
y^tis f>f'turip^]t,Mmil^^ andjnns; tke Mode

^Conveyak^JDM Ptrnm-PkiM md rf tomplek^Mterary ofm

. Jlfan &nd Vidh

?rf> a brief Ski
e Jf^etherJands

'mMMed,

weseikt,
been indef ai

CwT, B»v. V». U. OctMr, 18!5. ^T I

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m Hmmii9fiiim*^>^^

m4 ¥©7 cm¥H>.vfil)^miv«'«tsk,vas)4 ^im'nf^^mS^HP^^ ^
fn4 the charges of travelling eftiimer4«?i^ In .j>«^IpS;^)yi*^MOp_

there, by the Sp^§lf Gener^- Al^^. Jr tliij #JW :;ppri|a^ity.ij^
a principa} faa^ure : aj^ple justice i$ don^/as 'well fo ihe uet^cf^

We repomn^en^ t|^ (j»i4e^. , ., . . r .-q . r n.'?

' ■ - . .''^'"^"r'TTxrfi an:.;/.;- [/-. -r* c •-» "-^ /.

' Arr.-M:L..€ftriilidii J»^M«. I I9md Pp. 18. HatKteiA^r .

* .. •'^: ■:■•;' f -,-■-« V ;>, . .

t^^ce^. The ivrite^ i# ,€|B|^lf4 ta^fi^oa^ucjiitipik ftir Jiis ^potj.

.<jU(4ngth«^. . . : . ,: -.^ V

-• J >■ '-■ • - • If'.'" 1u y-'iC

new J. M. <^t l/Fftto'B^^i»fOElt^ltvM. Aeeedmt, m grM^
Juven^uHs, ncftds ^qtid^m 'An^lke fS»^9n^. Law et WhltBker> :

We congratulate t)i§ |f*J^W ^f t^b -treAf^.^ 'pn tj^e iitility and
exeeutictfi of lis dfgigi^.' Tj^e adopilpp bf" pnglish notes 'an4
English illustraiidn? wc^ fiighly' approve j" and indeed wishwst*
%. fjfitnpl^te aeripp of the x^f^p pc>pHbir pf th0 ri^asicel wrft^
kre^H wt iip<»Bi>be^«j^ao. . Tft Khoi>te ^hp present oditjoar
WU ftn^ye pftrtici*l|^fJ!f 4fi9fipt^ll: colisi^efaW© i^fprmatiqii ^d
W^ Bfftfwl fauJui4ati^p,;wilI fte found i*. Ih^ aiiedtitiouB m^tter^
and Ae student will b© tbm>JPe§fiHe|l-%rit}jpiit any unrsee^^sary.
HiciWMitfttipn af labour. We .QQ»sid^r. tWs jwbH^tioa l^ ^ ▼bJ^
%hT^«4dUioi^ to^chpia?Uc,Jiteif»tufe-. . , ;

Mu9h iu4giivwtjs Aqw»,tti tb^ ^l9<4if>». of the te»t. Thi
edition of the Heusi«g;«rf i|,€«*wly 4h§lQJ«^.Hiw^C?^^^
tttant. ' ^ ,

The !Peacp Qffef ing. A $igr-;
wpi^, Ay the R^. James RudgeJ
itjL: T?J{l.S.,. inscribed tp.tt^
l^rt of ti^erpool. . '' :
.; The Terms or Commuason^
TldtlL a particular View of. ihe

v|U*^jrt ^UM.*. ...:. i.^. Jvi/I

f '^jf^Lll^ pf Jei^my Taylor,

tehojo^of P^ wn. By the R ev,
. ^^f)nnej^\^eb. of Lincgln.
DRscoufsei on th^ Princiuies
Ji#^.Rc4igbtt8^|5ciipf. By |he
jE^T. Robert Moi^head.

.<fefriHni;><>ftwitfe^.j.v.30i % in<rl|HMHM#«««MiMiF!m.^ >)F

I-

io:.0 .11 .40

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^WWiPvlHWf^jrt%P7**^

m

^r' D.I). ia^ faxti, mMhg^ i

VW^:^ f'-' • • ^

' ll^ttJit^dtL EccmfaftnidlliW-.
tiff¥. By Geo. Campbell^ DD.
«i'M.«v. $ror.

A Key to the Almanack. 9f
JF/MlMthle;*

THe Rev. FWnds Wrangfaaih
ig )fre{>aHA^» new edrtf^^n 6i^
The British Plut^rdh/tfithtttaat

< An lUttStratiou'df the LilrQfgy
dtod 9e^ice of the Ghiireh. 1^
tJtu^ Rev.T. Prneif, of Atdbourn^

FaMily iieeflii^, 6r a e^ph>u9
K^tectton of Sermonflf.
:' Strictures on Eternal Irap6rt
oM OnirersAl Coheem. Br the
^tWhor of th^ Temple of Truth.
'\.}if. Alejiartder Nich<a«, of Aa-
'iti6f College, Oxford/ has unrfer-
token to translate a Classfcal"
^ictionaiiy of tl^ Ore^L Utn^
gi^tage from the Gerraa^. pf
Schnek!erin#, intor English/ ' *

< A Oroek and English Lexi<*'on
ll^ (fomposins' under the patron-
age of the UniverSTty of €fam-
*"4fe! ^ ^^ ^^' ®- ^' ttooiji-

' Mm.- Bryan's compeoAcMEl^
Astr6nonik!al and Geographical
Class-Book Ibr the Use of Kl-
Milies and YouQj^ Persons^ will
soon appeak *' '

A Report cyf tf Skks'df 1^-

Siritiienfs in Bducatioii'. Bv ULi
«v:fl.Brfrten. ^ . '•• ]
* pJoposals Are feaflSeA-for ^4
Philosophical ett& ' ' Hadciiki
Cframmar of tlie SA^fiMtl^&nj
Mage, tc^'^Hitich'donsedBt, lte|.
Isrence inaj^^ MMVy ini?efe^nr

JBy 1BltMbn«lii^/^ tK #FMr
'miir School^ Haoiieyj, ^ta^RmC

•A' Bio j|la|AW(kI ^9t^fi6ili[fry it
'MvlngfAsAhOfrt-. - • '•'-'• -''•
' Some Aecountf ^!h^ Me^i^i^
mm^i IStO to WW. R6^al
4to. With Eii^«viij{». toyAi**

The Hi^ory of the BTtfttttii
Miiid. 9f C, Refeber, Koltlng*
, htfm» ' . ' •

Colonel Paaley, aneaqperienc^
Qffiaen ^ preparing a- Syaletti of
SienienltiMry Fortlfieatioiis.

Mr. J. S. Frey has in Itaad
Rtidiments of the Hebrew I^eua-

•ly- .*» NoTember wifl ap^i
pea* the Silent** Jcmrnal/ ar-(
ranged, printed^ and ruldd fo#
liec^Tla^ an Acccmnt of ^tery
Say's i&pioym^nt in th€lfHgf
ibr tha Uae of the Siiperm
Ola^st • '

MV. B. Mifchel), Tutor U
;BFabHtt> is^ preparing « tVork {4
'be called^ «< Thef Orfivenfot l^eA^
man.'* ,

Mr. Isaac Wilson, MltSSir^
I about- to publish hia Catalogiie
of Books, comprising upwards
of 12000 Volames; and indlnd-
ing many Rare and Valuable
Articles in Ancient and JUKodefit
Literature.

" ]^. Elton is preparmg an ele-
gant ^nd much ijoaproved ]£di«
tion 6t nis l^ran^tion of the
Wofks pfHesfod. ' T : T

Mr'.ltoby will shortly |>utiiri[i
% tiieihj ^titled, •• Sir Blbfc-
tfam.- * * -* I. 2

' "I^{(0i$aU tck a new HiMory
'of 'MpfthlLibi^t^shireA bro«ig|it
down' id the |ire8ent Pevxid,
h^Ve been isstfe&'hy Mr.<6eoi^
Baker, <Jf -Nok'th^mpton, ^ho
ii^ devoted ll^tiaral>aan''1»

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^^f^ ¥Hf^i**, fcfet^tlW
smfts

_^ ftr innnMliilflli

itew edition of his . Hifttory. pf

FJCUOU. ,,-, :^ •, V ..-,^'j

• m the CriticalLHeview of October,
W ovembcr, and December, I^ 14.^

Mr. M. ImngUf. is finMuag
bis Anoient a^^^ SMiimi Afo.
nupnenU of Qi^djiMMi^. Wilk

?i»t«S. ^ ,,v.;i;:

V Dr. Qvke Im iPonMiieed
4Q0ther Volume of W^TKurch-^
oomprisiDg his R^»e«rclKr kk
Greece, Egypt, and thei-HWp
XiMi wiOi ii|8:jao»te:-frto

QOple-i and a De«cnptic(DL of tkiC
North of Greece, Macedonia,

♦♦• See the Jt^yitnrtitJ^t/Vt&YWs
hat elabofftr*- Volume, Critical
Review^ Oc^i«jl4. .^ si. :

' ^rfnaJdofth1prtpyalRcsI(Soc«t
of Windsor (iafiftle, Hampton
Court, Kew, Kensington, feuck-
ingham House; StV-^WmWp^
Froffmore, and Carltiw^ {Jousc.
Embellished by tWoured : En-~
gj«jp^g« By W. H. Pyne/ ^

'^r.mterbouse will roqt^ pub-^
Im \ (Se^iealoglcal Account 3ofv
tbe Royal House ofr 4HewapL^
RipgB of Scotland. ' * -'^<' ' '
^ ' The' Rf*v: J. Cdld'sirii^h haV '
just published k Grammar of '
British Geography.- ' '"

^Mr. Marsden is j^riiin^ <^e

AssUt^rtii , ^i^finr^^: ^o ti:«WP«
tbe ^^ ImA^-Mn^iSiiim

to preeent h«r iMlli«tfoeB[p#

tQpis.i^lcan|lktifgif,i]i|gsfi^^
by Mr. W. Jerdaa. 'i.-ruiwVM

Captain A«be«Atiib#rd^i%
Spiiit^ tbe gogkirAlihsjiiaii
giife his '' Mem^ira" niiiliiilt
his '' Confriwignft.:' ; 'V >cicnirt

The late lcar9ed jgfeJnbrffci
bin$pii*s Sys^iD oCtMtdHri|#
Phil6soph| wMt«09tt im^^^t :

Dr^.jShai^w is |ife|Mi&gfij»P
ninth volume oC ^CieimUAp

jA.^I?oi»[Wiph{cal Hi^teifMrf

A System of r}iysiok«Mi
■ Botany, ^y j^^y-^- f^

. .Mt;,C..Siiye5^ter, of DeAf,
wiU^don offef aMe ImpcOW-
ments in Dom^titLEcpDoaif.

. W. D. f eAd^e^T^ htf jopt
^puMi8«A^ : bli^%|J*^^
yans, /(hiring the intekstnA
jMonth of July, 181&. Witt
colt>ured Engraving. • *: ^ \

' Mr. William, $tory has'^iSt
priblished his Journal, kepl.#
ring a,Xaptlvity of mote, thii
Nine Years in France, cobS
jniencini^ the 14tb Day o\
jApril, 1805, and ending the 5ti»
4>ajr,o,f Mail, l|*4.c ?* .. r^;
, Articles umm *8dMiaiii {#
By the Rey.1s. CfaipbanL jfil
;Vicar of Chjiati^ii«5LY: ,,. i-.^

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UM^WIlBib fiOMki^.

4n

i4R^ dtUiilMtP

^,.' 0f Skiaaers' iiaB;^^- "

iMk Dmwlngs by T. HaMinrgs,

.^^nfips^f -XUe Wflole to be ex**
«ciAi4^^^''<Mliii«rm*Slyle/ by

;^aci;(litt lit of December nekt
'ii^bb^ fNiblisbed, (he History
a£t Ihiblin and its Environs^
fbj^lDg' nut <^ a Wefrk to be
^iAfiiieff^Htbertiift. By WiUiam
Dimdi^Ma^n, Esq.

Me. Nichola has at letogth
', bis laborious History

■ftpiMMi ma laKM
6fcXiekC9CeMilr0/ by ail Ap-
pe9di;f( of Additions and Uer^
rtetionvf ^ Series Of elaborifte

Coaq^^find s^eral additio^t

%

iU5A

I nearly r$mh Jl>r PubU^im. :
i iSiteyi oti' TO M6rad Anti^
toii|)r'fif^rte^'%e;^ '^jf^ jram««
\?oodr6p,Stirge«ft£. .j

Lectures oa ImdWil^efy. By
W: Mefriteeirt. '^^' -''

Dr. Wfflianf tetffenHi tVactic«
of PbysS. f^cKet^Ailion. . ;

The Of%in» Frqgrej)s, and
present Slated oiPGfeiiVanrsm." Bf
Mr. Donaran. - ' " ^' * ' / . . " ">

A System of Mechanical PhlV
losQpbf ,1 ooiniiriiiny tife^moal
rtaeift D(«eiy<f^N^4n th^ Ff^rti^
car Scienc^$. jlf D. Brewiitef^

M.D. — ^ : .,

Hsmy^n De#: Bf Dr. W^
A'R4^p«M|iati4f9 oY a Tfaas-
ItfOod of.4lt«^lfew^tobdon Phar«l
'.macopceiaj is in prep^rt^oiiV fifjr
lU«hi#d'8l^ck^ Apdfhecftrfto
Quy^rlf Asptfcr.^ With the Phai^i'
macoMlfltt'^' Edinburgh and

A X)h«lii8al Tl'kbfe/ "By
GflmH, SQrgAiA'te the Rdyai

I'

assA

9Ssi

^utn of dli^Chrittian Refigioa.

b Qrotius.' The 14tli cd. with
a^Obtkt/ by John CUi-ke, P.O. 8vo.
[liicaucMis oa dilTt^ie&t Subj«cC8. By
O. I. Huatiarfonb 1>.J>. FR J. War

PST OF NEW PUBIilCMtONS. V ,..

A Third Address to UnltorifiAs.^ .•
An Analysis of tb« Sixth (^hMtaof
the Reveiation of St John. . ,

A iictter to the Biihop oCGloaeester
on the Subject of the ^ritiok and/ F^
reigi Bible Society. By Thoa- dhkoiiati.

The Reasons of t^e P^ytes^ Relf-
gioa Cdnstderedy ia RdatSbn to the

den of St. Af iqr's CoUcge^ WincheStar,
and Bishop of Herefojrd.

SMle^l HofiT SoUtarise, or (ssays on
MM» Rstnatkable Naaies ta tbS Hk»ly
i^mu Aaeweil. 9v»8vo« ^
, £jL|ioiUM7t>iscearses^a<h« Apoca-
lypse. By tha' late Andrei l^MlicT*
•vo. . • ■

. Discourses, DoetHttal ibd Practs6al.
Itf the Rev. Joltifr Morl^.

Pif co9nee .on she Evidence of tbei
Jewish aad ChHstian Revelation, j^yi
SirH.M.Wenwooa,«art.

present 6ta«s of xi^ Beman C;atMib>
Church. , . ;

The Revdatfon of ft. John the Dii-
I vhM Blttcidated. By the Rev. J, I. ^
Helmei«AlM;S r^Hvo.^ ^' *

CommeuUricfl on .^ T%9ifitSkato»^
irom the Time of Coixstmtine the
GH»t. 'VR.St^dar^s5>,EJSrT
^ A PanMsbial Vici&'s Rj^rl^ ^ h^r.
toeisham't Letters*^ iirhM wet« wL
'dqMed^th<^shoH.oirlfaiMkMi.. ^^

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4A§

lirf of iiew io^h.

The- Spjrft «f «lfe Mikh MJ»»h>iw.
Ilf.'M 4Zlei<^»au,'& Hellibet of fhat

jittert to ft Friend op the £vidcnce^
I>M(ri&«,iii^d Duties of iTie Christian
Kaligioti. By O. Oi«^rr, LL.D.
' ftelallMft «f.«ite.F«Me'oatioD of the
iToiMtants iu Prance, stoee the Kest^
jTstian •f the Bourbun FafnrlT, con-
tdited m a Petition addressed to the
KiB^ ly the pritedpid Protestantft of
llliiiies ;--^A Nafratif^ hi UeftncA of
^:f*telo$tattt4 df L^w^r Laii^iiedoc>
ind other Importaut Docnmento.

Pftalms aud.Hyuiii» selected for the
CiMifpbes of fiackden aird Holbeacb
and' noMiagfbnf Ovey, and Bluatift-
JbMii» in tbt Piocete of Lincoln. By
1ftit.C^isborae, A.M.

SXRMQN5.

A Third VoKiine of 'StfroMxis, By
fhe {t«y. Sam . Chapman , KM,

•jiei>n»>D«, by /ohn ifebb, A.1S*.

I*»acrical S^aoaa if>t atery Day fai
tNYMr. •. . .. .. . ^

Sixtv Sermoui for Schools and Faoii-
|ie$. i{) tiie Rav. S. Barrov«

BDCCATIONV
The' ftnghSh LcariieV, a Selection of
Lessons in Prose and Verse. By Tho-
■iife EVi1*i^. ' ' ^

: \h System of QQb^gn^, Anient
9Sta Modem. By James PlayfaUi J) JD.
KTI.S.

» J.i«Ui»s to » Youkkg Lady on Educa-
tion, Happiness, &c. By the Author
of the Polite Rea^4ttier.
.ajie.ClMoirai Jkumia, ]9o* XXllU
The LaQcaAterlan and Dr. BclPs
.IVn of Sducfttion Impror^d. . hrYf,

A QrsuQ^niar of the Spanish, Ports-
prescy'and ItaHail Lanj^ua^i^.. Bty
Ritbanrd Wow) bouse.
^ Tlie Prenob SkrdeRts' Vade*tMe«iii. .
Bv the Rev. P. C. Vaaseur.

. Watkinphaih's Arfthbtctic Im-
ptb9«(L BylLLaufffiR^.

Poaift*^ for SclwioU. jBy J. €bt%lt!.
'fd.«d.12ino.. .

Mr'trew Liiciii Pritner. By J. Guy,
^«.

The P«iienU*vC1l^dtlkta^Dox, arid
NWr-lSe«a'*4i Oift.; cdmanin^ thava-
*»ious Prrdictioiis of the Prophttts ;' aird
prOTing- by the Coikluct and Actions
of th^ P&tNki'<*hff fh^'iJittofsfed 'Mes-
Itek in 'the' PeMoi of J^n* Cbdit.
Sd. ed. with cottsiderftble Addirions.

.V»:i#a..r/

twcM ftooapartv Ati4 lfeio(|« A 4iit
Pocket 9i«e.

Abrh%nMkii'0£
Legjm. ATrMlli6o«|»CoBVo

By ft. Preston. Vol. 3. .Pert ft ^*^
Hird'ir Law tf tithet. '^1^§aeJb^

thor of LAndiotd MmT rttMH'i' - «3wi
A Traafiae PB'.^^rinnai^iPlQHttn^

By T. Stykie, of Liikeoli^*;^^J||M

ristoratLaw, J?'^!r^^

A Practical Treafise^cfe Ifi^^lPSr

Marri^ef SettlMfedtK' Bf^'B. ^

The Oifficeof CimfteUft., «|^^vEI|«

«one,JE8q. . . ^ .^ ^^ 7*

The Trial of LoUis^ St&iffbli Hwi
Bradley), forPcijtirf dg^st Rig^liitoi;
b«o4^ ( . ; J. •)

RaportftofCa|ieff«r^r«odjttMl ifeli
naiued hi the Court of £xohtqOi^j.:^
G.Price, Esq.

Digest of the' Laws of the CuaUiMto.-
ByNic!iola«JackKnBi • ^'^

Reports of Caseft Op
Writs of Error i» the Uoiise of
ByP, Dow, Esq.

A Supplemental' Volit^ (beft
7fh}, of Mr. Barton's Moderft". _.
dents in Coav<QraikeiBg. ^y ^%\^m
Bird, Esq, . _^ . '. . ,

A Synopsis df th§ ikstxp ml&bS^
ByJ. A. Hiraud. ^^VJ-'Ji*

Theory of Presumptive PMbf. »"5*^

A c»iw^ti6nori9^Mny3iktMli

of Exchequer in Tythe Cases . • **^«

ATrAitsiflronfMdiii^ ifrtlfeCvdk

of Chancery. By Jbhft AfitffM>d,^£lq.

MBDicitfR^AMlTirjemGiiinr. ;*

The New Lond~ ™--^-' »-' '-'

Edinbufffb
JourtKfiil^ '

..j£l^mc4ts**Qf patliolofey. 1
Part^, M:D. , ''^ '

POTg.c,. —
-^ia,XdkiauxA|

^serx«i<"

Additi.
|Can<<erS,'
Astbi

lities oVthc
Sexes. Bv

ComroeQtaries on some of the iftldll
ImpoftMif nlsens^ til ChUdtHo, &
John Clarke; M.3y. . ' ^

Rep<^ of the CfOBom^ ol th«
House of Cbmmotfs on Mit<j[*aittdU
By J. B. Sharpe, Surgeon, "

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list qf ^ JP|46^afioQ«,

Tn%

11

Five Caus of Recoreiy from the

Surrey. . y;

V^iimk9ti^ op Sttidtureg ami o^bcr
AftectioQS iu the Intestinal Canal, py

8^ Head. % A»h\y Smitk» Sur-
geon. ".,-,^.,:; ,1* ,t".-

• WMdm^itf ^^\ JV«4ical Scbcu^ of
Paria. J(^.MiD'Crwfl8»6Mrseun.

-V^? AMlWliFtRB.
l!luMAiD4^^ of Itli^ CUIadoniaii
Horticulture ^tjy*^

A Schedule ht Duties on ^pods im-
f^im^ iljftoiM.fjtaica of Awe-
Hca. BVE. yalette, of the. Custom*
Hoii^e . fhlqMJi^^kiar London re-

^m t\^ Mimufacturin^
By Kobfirt' i^wei% ,q£ New
Jjinmeck.

ttOtTANY.
IIMW QbiidTiiefisis, a* IfHtory of
|tkaiitf.ui4iN«l«B9toGrea«llrluin. By
C».'i6iraves,F.L.$.-
A 'System pf Physiological Botany.
..the Rev. Patrick Keith, T.\jS,
7 lBWWlCTW»r'"Wtlh numeroua
I'lates drawn a^d engraved by Mr.
S^eAy. '

vaval;
A K'ew Marine pictiopary. En-
laaied; v % W« %wnms L.{i.D.

• #1|f9 B^ean of Navel Arc^iHec-

A Treatvr« on Dry Rot, with Me-

turns Navigator; wl^erein the Lati-
tx& j^^Lp^>t^de 9,n ift*de Mp4
ftwaimaf^MrKstance. ^^^ ^'
iThe Naval Monitor. By* fin Officer

|i|pi|^u% Ni^Pe^ook, R.K, '
- ' ' ' inomAttiV,

* T^ftofefaphical Dictiona>y. Edit-
"'•"' 'Alex. tH«ilwen, F.^.A. Y^l,

JUves ofAlchei^hticalPhlloaopherfi,
with a Critical Catologue of Books on
Occult Chemistry. By F. Barret^

Aikin's and Johnson*g General Ko?
graphy. Vvlt^K* '4t»» - "

Memoirs of .tlie^PoUtkal Mid W^
vate Life of James Caulfieki, Bad
Charlemoat. Uv j^moeit Hardy^-fis^

MeiBovn of fioiitiaiidy -Paous W**'
men of the British ijmpire.^ % iW
Gibbons. f^Blfugped ^9 the Rev. Ge«.
Jerment. A Ne«% )bditioi».^vK49. TbM
Ygl. Edited t»y tl^e H^v. G. Budd, ^M.

Remaios of ^« latcilpl^p TweddaU#
Feflow of Tria. Col. Cambridge, Bjl .
theRev.R.t«edd9U,AJMr '

General Bio^filiy. Vol,th^Twlll
andLaat. By John AiJMii» M JX

TRAVBLS^ &p.

The Travellers^ Qulde to Ma4eu«.
and the \yesi Indies. ^ .

The Paris Spectator. By WUIla^
Jerdan.

Paul's Lettera^fr^in IraMato Ida
kinsfolks in England. ' ' '

Memoir of, Mmm* WUmii, fiboi
late Captain of the Mtssionasy 8U|I
Duff. . '. -s • T r

OriflQtal M^qpHXlrs. f^ J;.fmi(tti$»
F-RA .'..■•.:....:

Manuel dii Voya^uir; or, Travel-
ler's Pocket Cqip^iiiiuon; consisting oC
familiar Coovsrsatiget jg AlgMiBP
FVeoch, and Italian ; also Models of
Letters, Notes, &c. ; a List of Frand^
lu^ lta|tai| 9^^®> ^^ ^^^ v^ova
Teriiis tised m Music. By Modaine
de Genlis. Fifth l^litiopj. wrreoi*
and peatly improv^ljl Jjy J|f, A» Qf%

"^°^- ... . .. • r.-

mST(ikXa>«. . o 1
^ L'Ansieterrc. or England' '«•> Hn
begiuai^g of tbe-NUi/^te^^ 9^t)9iT.
From the French of >M. f^ )U?i^
Duke and Pe«r oi Frt-ioco.

GQldsauih*s Wf^tory^ p£ ' Bngl»qi),
NeWEditian. 4 Vols. , ,,

History of the British 1slatid^« By
the iUv. James Burdoi^.' ' % Vo||s. ffvp^

POLIJICAI,, ' "

^ierestf Qf ireUiu4f a l^^ew U^xh^t^
By ilobu li,dwar4^, ^^q, \YM^lw]ik •,

An AccQw^t gif the Jitituc of Watarr •
\oo, jg^ a $t^ti»h (>^(^r y>re4«|U^
9ftheSt4ff,

Hisktury of the YT^^ oc<ja^oo«4 tar
the French Revol^^ian, By <?• W-.
GiKbrd, Esq.

ARTS AND SCIENCES.
The Priooi^s pf Practical Peispac* r

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H&

Correiipondence^.

tive. Bj RichArd Brovn, ArchUcet^
and Prtlettor of Serspe6tive.
. ADctcriplioD oi the O>{tttruction
»f UiQ Uy'tropnennifitie Luck, erected
on the Regent's GwaW % ^ W.

DRAMA.

* l^le'fl Ejaay cm tbc Steff«.
•The Maid and the Ma^ie; i>r
Wliich H liie Tbkf. % S. J. Arnold,

'riieMaCTi5^e,ortJjcMaid. A Melo
BMina. ftjrJ. Pocock^JB^.

A Detcntitive Purtrart of Miss
CNeU, io .a Critique un bar in Mrs.

' NbVElJs ANP EOMANCBS,.

: A MoftiUi at BrnMels. A 3atincal

Novd. ^Volft.

r K<wiaMlic Faotai ur» Which is his

Wiie. 4. Vols. .

j^f^tma^ik Pafiodagc. A Tale for

POBTRY.
. bfiik Lpict. • %W; Smyth, Fel-
low of St. Peter's Oulle^, t^ambridgc.

A.Pars^.

fritfar^JMs. a<aM9M» i
Herbert. ,/?^ A v:i

.MI|ICEtA»AN|
The Works of the. ^
ble Joseph Ad

with Notes. ilB^.)

ter.
Colle

or, a.CoU

cism and BeHe 1
HarifiiMIHfM^

J. B. H. Ilto«t.1 __
NcwVol.bfthfeJ _
Cursory R^ipacfp* *

and Moral f{^t(>fyc}f<M^

cies.- Bylri^.'^qgii^^V
An Dab tfiOrltiigbiMy^
Minutes of .19i^ ' '"

GoniiftttlcroBhi^l

near the Metropolis.

,»tg

^^?9^SS5

:^/4tf;i

' ' TOCORRESPONBENTS,,.;,^ \\\

il^;!^^^J!^^^* Minchin's exceUcnt tract oo th^ « iUc^Tb of tie
*j0dld;6ertaiMy have appeared M our present Number/ had opt uuexa-
dlsposil*oniDt^pJedtJ>elabeuf»ofihe-entlemau to whom thcTal
meet ottbe CarifciL'Risviiw i#c6nsigijcd. VVeim|iouiipe it wf«hcfHliid

^^W^ we ^formed our respected corrt^poDdcnt of Tooke'sCourt, in<wr|
svwittBef, that*i8 primmuflicatlons wouJH meet with due atleution ihii
wewefejignogaot <tf the fact that f»o oi them had passed the ordeal of «
naccBsoTs. 'That circjuitistbnce must of coursfc accuse tl>« imxiinpletc
ment qf our,p]poimse. '^

*i \5T*^^i!-4^*^'" ^'^^''"^ kkr^gvest at our Puhnshen, will plKW tP
ttcljooks which he expresses a wish to have reviewed.

vMr^rown'sepislJe has been laid upon our table. With respectto diet
«(ltteffour predecessors, we shall 6uly say, that we have iiathiiig to damA
Oeterriiipedlo act oumdependent principles, lyoiotiipidat©! bvthi«aisi-
Irtpnrchased by bribes, we give pp pledge as to ih^ opiDions We^haUi
itjnstto pronCTiucet>tf*ig poems. We canm^t condescend to notice hit i
maxian r^rdin^^^e jredrttt ha had int^yidecl to seek. The method ht0i
t^ns isaJMoiicn t6 Maj: and we can assure him, that should be adopll
any faturctimc, his exertions shall^ceive no impedimeDt at our bsmcV

O '/.

rr

T^am

\

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^^^The ClkttieAL StvilBW is done u^ipii fht Imt hmdpXmr^^^^. Jf^imtm.

Vbi^U.l NDVBMBBRi 1815. {Ko.Vv

lBglttBBWWlM»aaggiiifiiiiiiii iiiif ■iiBttBwptertBttMgaas

SmiifmdMf*^, ip iSlOANii lit M«^ « II«MHip<iofi ^ JMr
. #mI ih0 tipwri Uaadi, ^md on Ex^iawm^ PotftmA. By Iiixut.

GniMSBAi. Cockbnra has leen miidb, tndf dMsibes wfa&t hf
has seen like a nna of observatkui aiid i gcj^leman^ To €^
psetinemm^^erof thentttsrjpi'Qfimi^a Ih^Itt^d arnn^*
i9eiitofm«tera(^»a4 9ii«stary«f IftMt^^ but Iw

sddoio 4iiCGv«^ in the works otaiitfaoni. by pio£M|siM»
i^uid be to indiilg^ hopes for wbioh tbepre^oplj be a^n^is^^
albasis^ Tb^li(e of«mUitaiy.aiwi#alif64>f mjs«it«d#Mii
cmitiiigmGies. 3m«b«>lnte iio^ertainlp id bis sWHffiy Ibf
daily duties whieh occupy his atteMte% w4 the ablest «»y
avoidable di8fiipati9&4o wj|ic}^ he is i^Totofdr 41 ^|»r«bf to th#
pevBDtioa of peafiNind thwght» ^d tbe piMf- Hair angsfs^
in the diadmBe ^ specifie and (ia^ say i^t wUhwt lihe s%h«eat
intention of wounding the feeliacs of si^tary MoUeaiieDs) nol
very infellectiial fifi^mis^ apd nor^e allured and boiae mtfig by
the sod^etioaa p{.plfMkiiuft» ia ia dapgor of beiiig npt mspdy
kept stidionaryby tha imuDproving natani of its avoeatidnsb
0itt afaopf beeomiBf tmpisculflitea bjr the:Siries of frivolous aa4
aSaqunate e!i^yineiits to whieh fvety iMaaaot of leisiva is. d^
voted, . Tha mittd that to wiy oposkkaaUki i»gm ra^iata th*
4epseeialing inaqenoe of these Mml^aad ;4iiadvfii|igesi, pa^
^yare ^(1 pd^wer of checUilg their s^iragr: U^mtfWt^ and proves tht
SMQondlratlicfourobaarivrtionabyatalidMiB'aiitaaaii 'W^Vf
fio&ftaaa the lul^ rather thaoM m e^W^ ^ ^ 1M«t|Q4
aajaten^ofomtufyandlvttkrresttto. ':Tb» pKfiM w», itnpil
Itincuipbait upon us to bestow upon the author of the veqf

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44a Codinn^8Wfoy^1f^'9ia^^t9irGUfnkar.

Coektmrn informs us in bis preface, that tl^ej ^ wete -taken
from a journal^ ttiflkto^hmt^^^ ktfciktMi ptj/al^atthm at
die time/' and te^ppescs that ibe*4r#|aei!ft«te of tbe pf^
Boans <' I/' ^^ myself," &c. may possibly have imparted bq -air
of egotism to bb worklllifcb would not be more mipleaaacit to
bis^readersy than fo9ci|^ to his own habits and confcmftB&m,
We would wish to idieve him from tfi ideawbieb ia^ erideiiAf
revolting to the candid modesty of this distingoished o&e6t nA
benevolent writer. We assure him, in the spirit pf sifieet^^
that we have perused his volumes, to our own entertainment
and profit mnat 'asaMfeoly*,*ay tttey MMuiiv'wMp'fBHHy'atnBH
Acts, and just remarks upon the poftical condition of the i

any undue assumption 'on the part of the author, or my per-
■onal mention of Umself that dtii ptMsMy eiiig«iid<!r^ie notkNi
&at he is in the leaSrt imbued with the ofidbs atdfbfrt^ of br«
xoganee and vanity. On the eontrary it is ^ reqtnsifion of flie
Amplest justice to acknowledge in General Cockbum a gentle^
man, who, to the attainments of the scholar, and the virtues of
the phil&nlhn^t^'uiiifes'ttiat eiigaginj^ diflSdence of his bwii
ni^ts^vhich persons of iilferior capacity wmM da'well toctil-
th«Ce5 but which w^are ahiiosftnelined to 'thibk the General
carries to an extent bordering on stiperevogtf oiw At Ml-evenlsl;'
it-is our UcTA^d opinion that iftravellers'ln ^^neHfl %^iia cej^
tb^ example so laudably^ given fliem by fHil'-wen-iiyfeme^
jknind**tliinking, and^dtecti¥#Meer, they WoiM- but rareW
lAcurllt^fmputati'M df an ovefireenihg aftd^gmUn^mtlBk^
cfthrfr talents and «kps*i!!tles.' ^ ' '•: '•->'J^ ' -• ' '' •
t- Ou^Kbi{M%tl»nbl%)rf(tit^i:fe M fbndW'T3€ii)enil Goekburn
IfaMI^ al!-«e*lllllM%^ing details of h%r«Wle>ir SicHy^widlils
er^nal d^tinMion ; 1^i<Si^ i^lhe ^iMiMndffie«Nir his dbsef^'
^tions ; that bealAif fd anO^ attf(&rtm«fe Mlil^i^^hdse g^erti^
|ferrMB'«M<«b-iiianyyda»5 beeti 4l)e'alfy4)P'^oifr'b#fi, ^adSfir^
ll^ drew -the MtentictfM^^rt)^lirt)fHbnM<te
MftsaetildMtc':' BM^f^/4ie<ft1%^9l«sitii;#edi^
«fe;baive landaUv MMmMJt ihm ^flldM^on'^fb^^iMf
tKe minds of tbtif MMftr^ttA M' Ih^ rail arid; «!iA^)li^ mP
tflbgdIkiitkJbMionof ii>lMyufil»f ilW);h) fnnn M p^mSiMj^W^
BflM^afMwMt^ W6«ild iM()eftri!€%tbied hf ^mm^W'h^Bl^il^
^tNispi^btis dtid tfptmm mkHh the lilt (^t^^iii&peUimiaatl

B^'lhe McMMT miktf^tSfltcn^ tte fPlMii^W'tAlllMsiM^

dbldecMftM^

^X^^j I.. . •. '] ^is uui r • .'.'f'-un "' ! »

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• frith a g«|LGa*a} descrip^^ ofhia^^oole^ ^etouraelves down to :a

' 9^)9Mi^ tffie Ar,tei»iv^^ a^llhory aod^Baec^ate with-huA

. iipoa thje<l4gnid«d and mAei;ftblo£0ndatiotKOf the Sioilian peopk*

.^jQ.j[f^l(VOaiiead Codcbttm was appomted to tho staff of

^^fp!iQg^i8b^rni)r m Sicily: thiswas the pefiod when Joachim**

ppjjpon .iraft- plepiiteg ^ iavade the idand, and the opposite

^^[pt.CaJabria^waa obT^Fedl^ the fcHrces, and the sea by tte

(Ual,, iAteiuted/fcnr lAie descent. -^ This design^ however, on

^^pwrt of the King of Naples being subsequently abandoned^
C/BDeial Cockbom/was. left atUbcH^toumke such use of his
tnu^^ bi8 0i|rii.ii|udiaation mq^ht point oat i^ the most in*
yiiffi^. This be^d by malung.a tour^f tbewhole island^ di-*
Wf^girom his mute to visit the lipari Islaiids> more especiaily
otmnbdi and Volcano* >

.-..Ob. the 23d.o£Sept^ber ^BlO^^the General landed at Mes«
sina ; the hoiliels wer^ full, and it was not ^luthoutconsiderabte
difficulty tha the procured aceommodations in the Leone D'Oro.
The apartQients ^themselves were unobjectionable^ but their
uncleanly state, aiid that of the passage conducting to theni>
was by DO means* in unison with the domestic feelings of ouf
author, though su^equent experience shewed him that, for a
3iciliaa lodgings it i^ould scarcely be complained of. At Mes^
sina^^be^^j^ dicing, the* who)e of September and OctpbeCt
aiid» wUje .there^ ^A|c4y o^ ^ Neapolitan tjnoopa under the
comnaod.of; General iCavi^niac effoc^ed & landing at St. Ste^
)duuBO> BctoK^kowkv^^ hehad.tune to attempt any. thing
ot oQUSeqaenoe, h»^ii^«reoaUed by signals irom the telegraphs
on the opposite colist.*; AbMt 700 men, between whom and
the. sea ^ ^q^lg^detiSbhrn^t'of the Anglo-J^icilian army had
interposed', conviqcii^ of tne j^ly of conteiyling on terms ma-
nife3tly unequal, surrendered memselvcs*, and; with their offi-r
cers, were gehti prispi^ers of war, to Malta. Our author's pro- -
nx^^pn tp thp rank of,,Jieut^n^-aeAeral| which it appeajfa
xn^f^^iave tal^ei;! .place .fju^ng ^.V|9ya^'!pe££nitting(.himvtq
dlsB^^e o^hiiiiti^ie ii^fL?n49t)^.,«Hitabi9 tQ ;his wishes^ be de*;*
tfj^mins^onrfx^I^iini^^lMt mo4t^<ael^aled parts of an islnnd
«ace theae^of the ai t^and cultivated by bM ovsrilawiBg and
haflSff pop«ilation^H--^nowtheridK>drof' ignore^^ and the -ipaosl
m<4tu^iawtidumr while ite wofeUy decreased add mberabhi
nopalace is reduced to a state of indigence and wretchedngM ^
tbS wouliLbe really incredible to any' person linaoquainted witft*^
Air oopAtimKof trelaiHl> and sd^ptieri as to the d^^lonAiie e^n»
ftbts4^ a.feoli&l^ ii^prQvideojbi an4 ^mmic govemment...|.:ju.u-

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40

lim doi»#Mii:» %«*tar Hftlb IShMi WtlBiilr 11 "MoittQi.
tie ^e« (kU iEYp«rtawtar to intatfoM a«ci]MPMR4)<w«I-

g;bt «Iof g the •bora «f Uw^h «b«^«illMnfart «f » fwn
„.fdM «ifiMli of diatnw finm nf.ymd».hattm to itf.wnMit'
Ance, and tow it dr with 609 at tbeir Ugbk boata>"-W< 1^

4wn with ilwsQ fleck.'' ^

«^ Cfttvibl b «,bettittifia city^ i^4 i^ attiu^t^ dose to^ ^m^
nodtof fzti^tMUk^ ^tk bU. numerous projgex^ (as IjlTr. F, Bi^^
dono calls all tbe minor Tolcanic hOto dependkHf on binUi ^<>9ft^
a be^mtifiil eoup dCaU. I was recommended tq go td tboStephju^
Inn^ tta() was tdd the landlord 6f it was an cxceBetit i;tiide jjbnt
we could npt get a?oonmiodatk>n thfre, so webt t^ tkeLftm 9tko,
wUeh is ktpl by an old mountain gaide; a Mrjr telvil.<al»Hgti9'ltt»
low*. Bvesy tMag» bowevew affSwed «o tpMjrr* tM^ataka (Mire
wol^eBlgr a«o?* of laiMer) to the voo«ps Inaacli • loHeiing: #aie»
1^ allbore ancb an air of WNlcbadaeffi, tiut w««wmUa4heJi»^
^edietine convert IbadalettertoOMuyat^ |tfiri«MX.tlM^
these irich oonve^tB gov^rallj w;eqpMaodatf4 tW^eQ^ . <|iiClm«
Jar^r Snglish oOsers) when thf. itta are /^i> jra^
dom reftised at the TOorer oui^ I had no dq^bt bfa^^^MK ^1^
l^tabla reception. Tht Engjisb Goaida hH been Ckfuj^ ttef
onartered in this magnificent conTent»' tod were' tti'tpnclklSeAt
that I hoped that circumstance would asfiist in g^tite QS^«aom4
Ihere. Don Vetb^ howetar, ha4 P^Af tp Aiig^m/aQjCl^^ 4^*
faigus about for nearaahour,;ti«lKuperWbrdcttr8^^fpiu^
¥iil with only bare wtilU» n^^eit a sieo^ or t^Uet ija^tM^i. • ^i^
W« did not aoca»t» %Ba ^aragohig te tWS^ala «a M||^^
Ian, which, iadaed, \ Ihoohi have. bee« entitle t<^.M^^
PMfOTtA fly^dleltexA IhadJMPLOw ipwi4Q^wiif|4^^^

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.nmmmjiiffk^fAomf^^viif^. m

31» i^oMifiMiMHH^ or

Bfliifft ^IM* frTTTi iffi'att'f IT at jnjfiw u fliftM' ^ ftiBiivafte hfUMfr " ' - :C

' -J5qt^!b««M9rin9l|fiX ^i»«rt^1riWbaacctl OTraiithor to t!*

' ^-CteWllrf^ilWSb/'^*^ ^fW^ obliging, and well-informe^l

WHIi^'^'^ '^«M^fier%kkmiAi!;i the ^ty ; the sutceedih^.d^

< M&%el«Kt on aii eipeditlba to ^tns^ accompanied by jLieat^

L -^lUi^llfr^eyv^and otb4h;TCnt]ett^nl>f bis suitC;^ Lorenzo Albati^

» tti^ keeper- i»f Leone- trQvo^ and Ws^niwlio perforraed thlP

I ^^ttli^^mp^ tociionrof g!nd?s>s«u)d his servant Pascal, an

> '^^9lo(Bll^t'eo6lr^ tnd '<^«cc(jS»aly pprsOn on a Sicilian journey.*'

'4Ut * Benelietkie c^fftent id thfe tfeinhy of Nieolisi^ a vilhife

I :A*tel'>fcinittwi #r a dodsen mDen ftom Catania5 they were

^H^itti^hnreeeived, and, iogetlife^ wtth tbe provisions they pro-

'^Hlmil)^ l>rangltt Wftb there from Cattotal, and tbe contents of

the refectory, contrived a tokrable repast. The road tbey

travef sed^is cut out of the rocks of lava, which compose so 4M>nr

'^^idblea portion of the tracts situated round the base gi

. j^^a, tj^i was borderod by '^ the finest roses and carnations

n^wing.wOd^nd in flower.'' The soil of Sicily is general^ fer-

' J^tCj^ 904 thcKigh i£(na has produced) and in all probability will

fpfEQi^XMie to^froduc^much partial and tempora^ devastation, it

> WtJft lr«lt SfM tbe iohabitiUits of this beautiful isfaiMl If its erup-

..tiD^^fimtiedtheehiefof ttit4rg^evances. Th^^ilfoi^medbythe

.dairashas Itfttf ^tveHz^ liitifthrown forth from the vulcano is of

' tHe thMM Hffd^ ftiostlpfodtfcf ftil;«ind, and H ^t^onld not be easy

"tod^Alte^Wtegioft rrtore iiub'tVantly fertile than the terrltdiy

' fmciijdmjf the^irt^ of tl^^^^ and inagnificent Plutoi^iuuo.

]^,^firfj3^j5|eipi^j^at^ General Cockurn and Ws

8 -n.^rWcafr-**A roItknlQ tiiotipt^V and extinguished* ciit^

-m^''WmaWmf^^m%ii^^ o? ttem c6vered with wood ;

.■te Btt^Wari^ vlinifjirf fai-& Syfdcu^'^/ The height of JEtna ajp-

^^^iitl^jgiialf', 1)itf^3frjm at ftea^I

^B2^#tW,]n|0^ su)iilar.i|i shapCi afidsqlj]^

__. 1^i^t!Se,''^it}x, the&ere ajfferij^ce ofsixe, a^ ijltna '^(l put

v^WfiftSfiifttWfeffitt, called the Siigaf-16af,^ear Bray ; butiti^jpwf-

^i8jf«r\ft&Pui%I>wdrf/ AH round the convent, and on (he

%4i?jP">yhiq5^ though tjbe spll aps^a^ to>e.mece coal-dnst., there

fWnac vine-yardas, and 6g- trees growing wild, with many other

;.u. I.. ^, . » . »;. •••»••-'• » • •' • * 'n.itm*

tHat^eiplflled Moote Rossc^ 10 denaminated fiMdiits

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4^ .QAkf^m's ITorfage.:^

H^pe^V vhicb is ^^red ^ndJBery." Jj^ 1909 Cats^^a-wais 9#wil^
i^stroycd by an eruption from this Iriferaaed -mcttnlaiili : "fisfy
nQ^ithstatiding thi« calamity^ ftnd the ratttgb oeeaAtmeAhf.
th^ tre^iendoUiS' earthquake twenty-«foaf years «ftiermins,'Ca«^
tmiahas been rebuilt iit atnore sfilendld stylethan it bchftifed^
previpuB to tliese* terrible visttationsv <S€fleral Oneklmm fm-
sentsus with the foUorvring remarks upon the Benedictines^ ia^
whose convent he and his party were accommodated during^
their stay at Nicolosi* .,..■.

" The Benedictine monks formerly were established at Nico-"
16815 but after the great eruption in 1669, removed to €itta^faf,
where, being very rich, they built a magnificent <!^onvent anfl
church, and got leave to abandon Nicolosi, merely keeping a
priest at it, and one or twp lay ^srothers, with «iie old monk, * as
they 6ay> to accommodate iraveUers to thenijouatain ^ but^ in fti^t;
to be stewards to their immense estates in these parts^ the fia^
jards of which they manage themselves J'

Our author ordered an additional guide from Nicolosi. He
wa^ told that it would be scarcely possible to gain the summit of
^tna at this season, (November*) The Chevalier Patemo,
and, indeed, all liis Catanian friends, declared it impossibk. Tint
the information that " some officers of the guards got beyond
the Groffe c/ci Ca6re'Mn December and Januarj-, appears to^
liBxe given energy to his enterprizing determination. On th?,
morning of the lOlh, every necessary preparation being in readi-
ness, and a Mr. Jemclara having politely sent him the key .Qf ,
a cabin erected by himself ^^ high up on the mountain*' iof th^
accommodation of travellers^ General Cockburn^a^A his party •

'*■ SqI out before sun-rise ; by my watch 5 o'clock : we pa96e4 •
several miles over a mule track of volcanic rocks, to appeanmca.
impracticable. At the entrance of the woody region we met a
most complete banditti armed and dressed aa a i^alvator. Rosa,, or •
the wildest Homance writer could wish. I began to repent com- ,
ing from the Convent without arms, and leaving the dragoon \
there } but it turned out to be a guard of Prince Patema's, the .
owner of this part of the woody region, wl\p 9btaiDs some reve*
n^e fi-pm the timber, and the charcoal 5 and these men tuce tc^
guard what would otherwise be stolen. I was greatly disappoint-^.'
el in the V/ooJy Region, or Forest, as it is called. 'Jt^he. ti^pea ^^i.
mostly too old ^ be worth cutting down, except t^ burati, thegpv
are mere stumps : here are no new plant^tipnSj and .nothing Ilka r
the forests 1 have seen in Germany and Finance. Tbepf^t^tju^ill^ ?
tAb region is very goocf for riding, though always ascending;
next is the Regtone Deserta. I think,flrom NlcolOSt tO*lh<ff Woottf
Region is about five miles^ tha.t^rtta4t&pf that icgiteifoHr^ and

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|Mml«««lli<l|!^ijtr the ilcMftI dMoiee Is fatown Ifo hk itfi^
Itfilct^ AidttoVdkksk ^«e hailed to Aid the mules ne^r. a knitf%U|
fomter flfll snoking^ t we have^ velMrkable find Hay, and tAekHiikf
shioe, Tbtf^iNMMfMotiteiiceTjery'iiiiai thoiifh iSkb km coBdtvy %ll^
iM>>9»4.ff)»iQe^oba0iifedibyivafoiie. iieonldrflee S5va(Ai8e>Heiii|Ml^
gawj^ M^^fryaa^^arfm bMrdVey^'mwioialiBOBftiill' the -^iktiir
of. CM^if(i.and m^sikof/tbe lorwev negionft^f .^na i the mottftt
jUkil^ t^.wp^ and ^Uuatipn of Caatle Soavasi^ ivai also seen dii^
tinctly. In ^mnviaf , it it vsuat to sleep at the Goat's CaycrD^ iH
Arder to get to the tf^of the moantaid, to tee the tan-rise, aai
foo^syesfi^ tet o«A M'lUghWfall fnom Niocdoti ior that fparpote^
in twiamffft it .is better to go to Jemelata-s house^ at the bottom
pf t^ t9¥^i bttt'^iA.vinttr^.this is.too teriout ao ttadertekiiig*^

iPrtikG^uerai now becaaietfonvineed tbat the difficulties of At
wiDt^i: ascent bad not been greatly ezaemrated by his Slciliaai
friends. He proposed to bit <paitf tbiftthey should breakfiait
td Jemelara's hut s this was a^eed 'to, but

^ On avri^iig at thcf fcfbt of the corie of the great cratSer, 'har-f
ingiodg^he last three mftet through snow/'we ^und Jemel^^s
liiMifeh«ri<Nl4ia it^ jatt enough of the «6p visible to their theM
vrata house there 5 breakfast was therefore out of the question*
it WW impottible to ride ibrther, to^ere we left the tnnle^, and
prooeedied on foot fo^^j^niSe through anew and over slippery rock|
«f lava* There are eniormous. masses of lava, and the space be*
twtea thenij in inany parts^ so deep that« summer or winter, yon
tuakt makea loog step frorm one to tW other- in other parts we
ottefi^suiik to our middles in snow.— -My persererance was almost
conquered: the Migor. at the outset frofn Jemelara^ said he
<woTOM»i attenAp4 It^ 'but we pertuadbd him to come bn^ and,
with the assistfmce of the guide, and his own strength, he ffun*
«itlMrldp5 H w«M3d be utterly impossible fbr a lady to accbm-
fBttotkia Atthe ^<«nltTmi*of'the ypar-/tond, If any accident
sMuldlMM a^rttireller; welt as bf^aldn^ ^:feg or arm, which,
A(sk)fftl«l«de€eltM ^mtl^^the stA>^ at«3'thfrough rocks of lava«
Unot impbaSibl4!i' 1 tIaSly thhik lie must i^ferish; for how could
lie^be^aafbVed) W«i at la^t, got over this terrible passage, and .
arri^^atthe bottMi *df the tteep cdne. This part is all cover*
ed^ith laote ashes arid cinders, but; #om tAt^ heat of the volcano;
Share is^no snow M present, though, in December and January, ft '
iB-bmeiM to wilfhfn •« yai^ or twb bf the 'mouth of the 4erat(^« '-
BoteihV^IIBMilty bf ascending, atid'the liAftmr and fatigul^ are "
trOytnatJ*^ tM aM Is s# {MVehtid hA^fi^'lliat H affMits the f^pi
|M#r#Mfl*al( Ivetttti every flt^'tnt)tflllbs:'*We were «^?i|ed

fft ' i ^' M PI iWft )\¥\ iU'y>^t >>* .>^' ' ^ dH^v — M.yif.H t»u- ^i\ — fT .
»-.iioa ^v|>;»;»asL»^.#^tlH»'iiir»ii4if ^*-:-^ -' ' -/* ^'^^ i^^^^^f '

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4bme'^m poittt a Um* ^^jpiMi^l iMriM iMMMM^iifttf g^M'iii

Iv4il ssioaicttt'iVQ tiMtf§litnMe inil at Iam MV 'Mfililil MWMtt^

cbeef*. Tlie sttddea view of lUi toniwiM gul^ b MVrtfi^ tl

MMepCntkM toomwli ^rtml, wMdi, Iwi^Wtlj M«#t.flNMi llift
rater. WBMntiow«ii|)iy*i«|NiaA>tlto'liMttf«M4^
•f bad wtatfaer, and saw UMat dlitinctlr to^ ttte kdiMHtllMlift
TToaderfitl i0d i»ai«n«a. araltr, «rliidi CMilikU aeMtukHMa^^
monntainsy and their cralers wltbia it ? some smoking lilat^Ae
most Tiokht glaM^iwmw; it %twxu woffce. fEUe gmimdni'A* 1m«
veky Lot : I had licard much of the ooldMss of the 4ilr, ^hm
thov^ nothiog of it, ttemh poeeibty b penoa bdo# Jtt tfl
aiiow^ if not in e]^eMee,.m^t be fhweD; only flijr haMi iliiii
eoid, aod, excepC Ibr the wind^ I should certainly nave Jbdn^ H
fmrrn enough y iriol«|»t jMr.the eseitiie wta^ 1 did aofc ,nJ# fiftei
^eat OK pMrepimiioii^ wt^9 with the etale of' tbo %hiM
ypveeXbeeoklpeeeof the airt 1 vae obliged |»tei»e]
ooat at JemelavA**. , . - :iJ".i.

*' I went to the top of thp lMghee» pif»nade#-^A deewgt tnte ih%
ciater» if the gxoand ia ae l^id a§ it Mieanb Iq he^ wottli tefo
Wei^ this day perfectly pmcticablef the crater often chaoBei Ha
form: 6n the tide which, we first ^pioadied, the dcactot leoe
pei^endicuhuTi but, the pffpsite eide^ weiit. dowa b? i' grliMl
alope. Our Ume^ ia these ehortdays^ did not admit of tte eiqpott*
ment* or 1 should have made it. ^- -

'f t sat down atthe tf p^ to date threes Ibor kders^vidcM piw«
miasd some particular fjicada they ehould loceive ^m ^tta tib^
yated ^nd^ttiaord^imr'iqpott I bfoac^t idtii«d faMflteOis
paipoe^ as we^ aa to note the degiwiel wMeh the tteiMnMi^
{itoodatd^SerentJteialbts.ill we ascsMid. . I.Mlji'lHMk'^rlite
ortwooTmyletterM w<#li4 fioiahMl «« N«4riaii» boH^twhOi
tlMia^iiqdoyed,.web|Hl|^iVJI»leiitsJho0k Ivu^

pot describe thf sepsf^ioni pact}c|darly «t the movm oliMdi $.
yolcaiio. BoweveTf I uated.my IeUen# &«d wfote fMtt.of ttMl^
eaading thorn with the eafaes» l»ut not without ieelta|p A Htda
iierroos. A^ thj4 I tooif various s|»eoimeas of the vM^eate
msttier, our excellent goidt aJsei^ting: OB.ilMBg» IM laooi
ashes» the smoke oom<^ aa^ and the groaod Afck ytHj htHk tf
e^M^wd n little, eoisme^wittl^tara. OniUri
kp *^ Md piit. my hmA a»cr4lm pmeldki^^ aad
aot mimimls oat at the eralar 4fcii SBiiiMliaif wm
ta lh« top W jBtM,<M(f giiOemndtlwadvalBMi ttrts af tl»

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.^mmiBf^m^atl'^MOmtiM ommk 4m^

^»t ftmritkrJ^ lUdff^ tCJMmf ^lAiawtfl3F two UttKsiit eiiHcttAi**

*^B«llltjNr4he«Ko»; gvtting^ omr it ar MtMie^ immUbm teae i>£
■t^in^wordto'ilnwrlim's iioiMe> sve walked oa^ (aliUthieMfli iMir)

^M^iCitPXilM Gockhiun cQcrecttfan error of Spidlanzaiir, who gaij^

-jAU %b» talhadty.of the/AbitgFeiiBFa^ tkttl im substmra^ like

%t>idl was lUftdMrernble in the Torre dd FDosrfo.- Oiur author

^4ttiiigl#j4 piece from the rtiins of that ancient edifice, which

' ifinDie be&eve to- Ittre been erected hf Empedocfes for an obser^

^fii^A^i «thers^ <Mi occaision dt the Emperor Adrian'^ visit; >

^Sv'lUle others imagine it to have* been a tempte in hoitour of some

^;itfity (Pttttpr Vulcan? or both?) The brick was retained in

jib- ifAfice by a very strong liihe cement. The prospect from!

^2hese ^venerable ruins must^ incfeed, have been astouishiqgly

rfmipi* AU Sicily spread beneath their feet like a map-— Cahk-

.lfii( oieaily discernible'^— the various regions of the monntai|i«fr%

'flie rich couDtiy in the vicinity of Catani»«<-MouQt Pelagiaii»

^Falemu>^Mdazzo— mud the Lipari gro«p**-*and ia veirf

clear and serine weather the reek and fortress of Malta wm

lirible in the distant and empurpled horizon.

• IMK^tedf and fatigued with his fnilefestiiig but exhatisting

€neu)^n> o«r aoQior returned to Catania, havbg eiklployed

three day;i in the journey from u£tna. After taUng the re-^

freshment and repose he stood so greatly in ncisdofi he b^g^

the ^saminatioB of the buildings, musea, manuiVictories, &c. of

,CaXmM. The collection of Prince Biscacis, one of the most

thiilightened men of modem Sicily, pleased him most. The

otd eaatte Was formerly washed by the aea^ but in the gM|t

4!rUption.frora Mohte Rosso, in 1669, a Streani of red-'hot lai^

^wept round thewhote of the struettire, and made it an inland

buildings it is dow used »i;a prisob and Barrack fat inilJid

soldiers. The plains, of Catania are. described as extnu>rdinarily

fertile^ ^' the soil' black, and as £ne as tha^ of ^ssex/ ' Hemp^

in certain quantities, is cuItivatedTupon it, and might be so* to

afaaost afiy extent/ ' This i^ipieaQi Co General Cocfi;buni^ from

f voe^ we'su^pose^ which it eonvq^s of what Sidly might be-

jetoie uftder » betl^ govemmeot tkui the pisscat wretchedlj^,

^mukfr^^ n^ simplf i^^m the o^ikUsfalMi otany adwflbt^!^

^ jourhitvyy^^ w addition^ t^easM A^ ^ ^^3S tbe^islaiid.^'

^'iile^%ff\(h1cli we coincid&.wHh hidf Jn thimi]^ ilrimM['h^NNp

•tery n^aMv aM0f dib best thhTgs We Voulddo ib^^fie^iili^-^

Crit. Rev. Vol. IL November, 1815. 3 L

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M9 (hdim/s nyi^Jk»oCa#A.4bU Wiri^

bccoitoe: empty wercb^hM 4iitectad^ictKdil(
tHid to the ameliemtioid ^ a iirtiele pedpte^ 'toA'^l(NS^4iikiP^
ii6tt of fredlMi--^wfaich h happmessWn toiMRiiBf^i»h^ti^i(k^
i^st misery is tiie inevitable consedtience af'tlk'i^Hil StiiplA
and degrading gwertiwent- - ^ ' ^ •'^^^^^ ^;*^^f

A brisk trade seeins to be carried 6q at Catania;' ^j^^^.^^^P
and ^Tioti;, are the principal articles of export; the jai^r ;a!.lRk^
great luxury of the Mediterranean. . ^ t^,_j„, ^. v.

*[ The Bishop derives a great revenue from the snow of J^ff)n^
Droves of mules with panniers^ come down every day'm ^int^j^;^
loaded with it : this is compressed hard> and sent in ship loi^,..ia
Malta; and> by mules, all the eastern c6ast and inland parts' 'of
Sicily is (are) supplied with that article. Tho ice-houses a^ al^£lled
at this seasoOi Every man can afford a glass of iced witer.^ ,In-^.
deed, Paterno observed, that, without thjs snow of (£tQ£U ^Hjsd
oranges, they could not exist in the hot weather. Iced water climI
oranges are regularly laid on the table every morning, tn aum*^
mer the mules are employed in bringing down wine from tlie*
mountain, which Is put into skins. Great droves of swine .axe
fed on ^tna on the acorns and chesduts. In short, though this"^
mountain so often inflicts calamity on the inhabitants, it seeni^
folly made up to them by its benefits. In evei^ larg;e town tbere
is an ice-house sufficient for a year's supply/* ' ^

We meet with the foBowin^ gratifying testimony c^tbe
i^timents entertain^ by the Sicilians for our gallant fe&ow*^
Gountiymen. *

^ The English guards were stationed a long tiuM in Catania,'
and were greatly liked by the people. I am t^ the officers gavai
large sums in charity, and the poor regret their departmsen . Tho»
higher Classes speak of them with respect and affection j and take
every opportunity to praise them for their affability and good
conduct.**

The account of the silk OMnufactory will be perused i»Mt
ivterest, though the working of the madiinery will not €xcitd
very exalted ideas of Sicilian genias. . •y

<f The silk manufacture employs thirty thousand people^ ^ib^
veral have looms at tlieir«rwo houses, and on their «wn aeeMat^
but there is one large building for it, and well managed < the liflMi
ace beautiful, and appear to me to be good. I know I aeveq
could w^ar an English black silk handkerchief two 4lay9. wiChotfH
ny beard destroying it, and I have worn one two moatha wbkir
I'boughtat Malta, and h is as good as ever. The silk stockiaflBri"
l&e aH made abroad^ are reiy indifferent^ without ihi^ m:

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2q4Kei^goinMir Ai'^ ^m^ <^<^ly stftHig tttd beautifal, but yeiy «ta«f»
7te jNr|ii^pfd.nAimfa€tocy ift about n niito out of toiya,-*-NottujS
ft^ mfiihv9J^ is done by water or by steaiUji but by hum^
Debgs acting on the great wheel like ti^rnspitaj in other respecf^
H'ii^oii an excellent aystem^ and flourished. I went all over it j— *
' t.(fehl nitober of little children (chiefly females) are employed.
Near ihis is' a modern aqueduct on the Syphon system^ haviiig
*iwo pipes within/'

' Jullgiog^'fioin the Genenfl*s dbservaff09s^ we suppose that
ihfe' tre< of which they make mention b largely and generally
|4aiited in the aeighbourhopd of £tna*

' " The prickly pear has a peculiar quality -, it absolutely changed
|he lava^ in a manner^ brea]ks it up^ and, in process of time, puU
teriseS ft, diough erer so hard ; and then It forms the most luxr
Uriant soil. They bring a little earth to any crevice of lava, and
plant a prickty pear tree, it spreads, and splits the rocks in about
seven ^ears ; a thick plantation is formed, and a very little eart&
beit)g added, in about ten years more it is nearly pulverised for
■ ^ome inches^ so as to give a soil."

England— charming; happy England — ^is the land of a (hour
sand good things— ^-her sons so brave-^ber daughters so beauti-
fo)^'-<md— f-her imis so comfortable; — ^General Cockburn expe-
rleni^ed the. vicissitudes of a Sicilian hotel, and analyzed the
elegances of Sicilian domesticity — ^bow he managed it we find,
it rather puzzlioig to conceive— his description it must be owned
is heMtrbfeaking, md the simple perusal of it^ by one ctf our
male efagmles^ might ^ve a severe, perhaps, fatal shoek totfie
puMbid sensibility of his bisBdished nerves.

<f Iq the hotel when I lodged (as at those of Messifla) Otem
are magnificent (^tes of looking glass, framed ; in one roomr
eleven large ones> but quite useless, being black, and an inch thick
wMi dlisi» now growtt hard, and fiBemlng a cntst o^er the glass^
firODKtiiedtrlof flilcs> and not having- been wiped these twenty
years, as I suppose. The rooraa4iAt»pen> one into another through*
the houses, and are very uncomfortable, as they have mostly large
foUin^dooKS i the cw^MOters*' work bdo^ very bad, and the
^flomrivoi windows npver eloasi the.psople lire# in a manner, hr
IsAUa ! TlishesAisiSty}«ogreaj;,;4hattheuse of cM water^and:
ponM batWag* is indispensably neoessaiy.^ and» as no person*.
Uboito-esattfalt himsrif absehitcly liiksd^ latt obtiged to hang op.
oMivoMkftefaSiWitlMmtbeiogabktilckMe tii^ dooct befemto-
mf seoaa and the next, so as to prevent any tone, who dius^ to f
limmibm^mfinigMMV^sVV^^^ ChistinioeoofiHfisisik.

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^4|2 O(Qkbw^'€f^ifl0l^

. jar^f 17. tbiog; but QfODft i% o^ jpsiTacj.m «it>Itali«i \

1 aqa ijf, half what 19 repprted ,Qf .^eia be tnie, tbeyjiWfli bie* yery

*^iable' to detectiop ; few doorB liav« loc^^ 4>r bplta/ Tbiii^«riiitimirs
fli^q,Brei Urge and op^ from.t&eflaor, with b#k<iine$ \n ^cta4 ;
and^ in conaequence of the beat of the climate, ar« <0|iea- ^|

' day in-summer, or rather nine month9 of the year# 90 ihBf, the
opposite neighbours may see every thing doqe.

"" Here they have no other conveniences fo|r QorUdii uses but ^
thing like a flower-ppt, and they empty it> without cei^^oi^^ dnui
the street. 1 am every day mare astpnis)ied a^ their difi wd totel
want of delicacy. It Is yery sddopi one meets a .hoi|S9*mai4 m
•ny house^ and the few tfoipen-servants they have appear t^ i}|r«
tieat and most >vr^tched beings of the creation/and always very
old. Speaking to Faterno and Prince Manganelli on the subject,
and explaining to them the cpmfort and cleanliness fotind in every
bouse in Ene;land« and the tidiness of our Wpmenrservantsi, th^
can4idly told me, — ' The reason you see such miserable old beiii^,
^ female servants with uis, is this : we never wash lipen at bpoae;
0]i^r kitchens are all managed by men ^ men sweep the large v(x>tac
a^d stairs 1 and^ as to making beds and emptying certain utensils,
abd such work, how could it ne expected that any decent womaii
would submit to such drudgery } they therefore itaye no candi-
dates for the statiim of kouse-mKids a^d are obliged to have oii«
old hag in every house for the aboye purpose/ They also con*

* fcssed, (hat. the middle and lower orders were all naturalli|r dirty
and indolent, and had no idea of the comfort of cleanliness.

*' I asked, why not hare a certain place ? They answer, " f&vw
bouses hay;e gardens.' . . t^

'* Then why notawater-doset?^-^' m^tthe aiptiiqm;' iib one
understood them } and too great an expense.'

^ In respect to peraonal cleanliness, all the upper classes ofhtr-
dies appear as sensibly of its attracUoos as in any ptli^r cp«|itry>
and ai^ as clean and well dressed as any I have seeii : ' indeed, in
the pal^cies th^ always have haakha) b«t I douU tf the i^n
make use of this lwii»fy, or rather, in a hot cUmate, article pf
Aeq^aslty. W W lyauU b« oonaidend tiie dasa of gentiy in Eng^
.landj oronth^co»Uiic|it», JMiArJMtoss alnmst always tmiN* a
aifty appearance )«*rfi>iw if: a nuui haa»a oleiin.sliiiK^otl, hec«rMti-
ijT wi|l qo( be ahay«d(S i^ his hands am wsriMd, li^fs evld^iit tlv^i^
^ jip suc)^ thing as a iMM-htuali^ia.tl»>o(isnrtry, a» to will Mi%
^b^k circle at tha t^nivai^^ o£ hk- togwni 9 Ms leetH^ tkcni^
s^und> willbedirty> ii^haaawiallbruiiheieswtirto Si eiiMMi
to have dirty boots. They ace ia the atmost aateoishnent i^ the
/4eaBJiJAess of the British tmopa; -but da not Ibttow tlie etawple.
, *'lt\a wonderfal how peaple.of aK ranks spil«a ^ flooi«^'«Mi
to such a degree that one wuM tmSigiaelhey wem i|Mlev*aidh«^
^ioo. This filthy custom ia untveral.
,ii l^xa^pwe. pfr«i itoliaa ioi^ partioBlartgr Ami Ml^^ ^

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.^PMA «940te ill tlMiitfeeia> to eqiutl to Aot in a am of iri^

^eik,witb.|heMy«toft«.- the batrlingft and clatt^ iq the boiuMi

\,f^f Q»m^ af if aU verc %htiiig ami disputing; (biit,|t.ia

. pt4y ii9PBl» A oertain a|iiiiiatk>|i whcm they spea)c:) thi^ crl^/m

ib^ 9tiii9^ta afa iMid iumI duK^pant : Lord hare mercy oa Him

if BMijni foimnu»i> l>r^uoj, vituUtque marinU:*

jTuY. Sat: Hi. ^

• '.*•'' '

-Our enterttdntng author next lisads us to Syracuserr-and
'4)Mtigl)i we admit that he well and amply employed his time
iiiiioh^the remains of ancient magnificence— -we confess thai
his notice of an English family who ended theif days in Syra-^
""jcuse^ and who now fepo^e beneath the pavement of San Luciay'^
. 1$ more, attiiactive to u^ thai^ Im speculations upon Greevem
.^d Qoman grandeur^

^' There is an old family picture pf a Iltzgibhpn fieattily, wist
pe buried here; the husband^ wife, and three children, died the
^ame day :. under the picture is written, that this happened about
one bunared years ago, that he was a Lieutenant-Colonel } k doe4
not say in what service, (probably Austrian or Spanish); and, I
ppposjs, came to Sicily In the war between these powers in 171B s
it is further said, that he was from the county of Cork in Ireland*
jmd married to the daughter of Florence M'Carty, ako of Cork,
TVe went by asubtercaneous passage and stairs, into an octagOA
building, where they shew the tomb of St. Lucia, the patroft
Saint of Syracuse : her ladyship is kept in the cathedral mo0t ef
the yefir, but always comes to spend a few weeks in summer in
this, her country house, and is carried there and back in great
form and process^n/'

. llie Generates opinion of Sioilian domestic oecononrf is, m
^{JU^probaJbiiityi familiar enough with our Irish absentees.

., *^. I, am confident thelt'Uian noblemen imd genHIemen are muds
xnpr/e; plunder^ by.theie servants^ th^u the nwst castle rack^tmi
i?fH^«^ genUeoiM in Ireland ^ and yet, as in Ireland, the natives bub
^Qt^ th^ better, for it : ao true ifeis, tiat low pilfering, a bad police,
^^ aipierstitiws observ^aees, al waysidebase a people : perhaps tba
,f^^f^,f9mie of ahnost aU the evik'tbat ai^soeiety here and clse-
Ififb^ie^ .mig^li h^ cempnsed in two- words— &a<f g^emmeni:*

!! 'Retracing Hs steps^ Oeneml C9ckbum conducts us aerosstbe
JisluuitQ^FakMHieb We^ilraot hi^ tasteful atid- animated de-
.(^^rpption of thai eqcbaating metropolis.

. ^'^ ^9huri»(tiaJnsfly^<»B*^^ in all respecis^iar so-

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46*- CbMur»i m^ag(^U Gammli' tm^^ar^

]a,f$#4Qpe3 lot besutyofcituitim it yiettdsto^dnd r AndtW^'liib

Rome. TKe streets^ as in all Sicilinn towM, are^ ttbtoifabif <9ndl'
^ved, or rather iaggcd. Palermo is also kept very clean. The
port |s full of shipping. There is soarcdly a hovse timfr ha#^ not
something- striking in ilK. archilepture^ and. a. number of \n)artd0«
f|yl«mn8> either ip front or in the court-yards ^ for every- grost ptb:
lace has a large court-yard, with a piazza and colnmn* of vDaar*
Ible. The principal street, called the Cassavo/ nins froni. lfa€r(Ma-
rino ifi the palace^ and is a mile ini length ; it i» crowded liMlk
people^ lyhp seem to be in full employttient : at each end are 4wa<
of tl^e beautirg.1 gate-ways,, viz. the Porta Felice n^t the Mfirifio>
and t^e Pprta Nova at the other extremity. The nobility and gen**

5 jT drive in their carriages every afternoon along the C^ssaro aod '
arino, and the people walk along the latter. In the summeiwe
time, I am told, it is as fiiU as Hyde-Park or Kensington^gevdens-
ever were : there is a building in the middle, in which a very goad ^
Imnd plays for two hours every day. An excellent puppet^riiowi
is also exhibited pnce or twice^ morning and evening, frtEHQ a bai<wO
conj on the Marino. This is a favourite amusement in Slcilyv'
and they are very clever at it.

♦' There are two public gardens at the east end of the Mari**
BO,^ — the Bptanic and flower garden ; the former is under the di-
rection of Doctor Tineo. At the entrance is ^ building, vri^i
porticos, front and rear, and fluted Doric columns ; it is the modi^
of an ancient temple : I have not seen any architecture more
chaste or striking. The lecture-room has fbvir statues^ opi0 4 Tcry
handsome dome. The garden is extremely well laid oiil> and tfSS
several fountains in it. A4iP^i^^°S ^ ^^^ fipweir-gi^e^i th^
walks in which are very pretty. People of all ranks are admits :
ted 3 and towards afternoon it is always full. Guitar playersr&e.
&c. entertain the different groups, who here enjo|r their ^veatog.
WIdk in a most enchanting spot. There are a nqmbec of unarU!^.
busts in the walks, and several temples and summer-houses. Thir.
whole is surrounded with a wall, and laid out with gieat t^ttt..
the wall is low however, and does not interrupt the grand nod •
picturesque views of the mountains all round the land eide qf Fa-r]
lemio. In one part there are a number of monuments of great
men, such as Diodorus, Archimedes, &c. all surrounded with cy^i
press, willows, &c. The monuments are very handsome, and im
various forms. The harmless lizard plays about, and numbeid of
insci^'ts and butterflies of beautiful colours enjoy the iBweeto'«fri'
this g;arden." ^ v,v

^ ** Darioc^hs hot weather faboot four months) the Marino is crcwded with '
people «U night ; and it, is a |#rivilege of the walk, that U|^t$ ate e]Ltii^gaiishe4 ;
iht ^r^ia^^ and scrvaotft waitat a distaace."

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jQttriimii^rrqmote^ bom the i^eiKliA worii cf De Sl/Non w
j^scriptiiwt pf . tbe SidUan capital^ wttnoiir and nM»re Bdbc4Q|f'
ovea iSian hift own^ Oar readeiB may not be diipliufiad^ %
faekig pi«s«ated widi tbe passage 8

^f^ A^|9cd%us(il 'cat entoar^ de Jatdins, et daMaisMtf A€ eanH-^
pajpie>.qa£ anitd'aiitaat plug agr6able8> q»*ellet contrasient siD'*
ipi^ennait'asrec lea £Muk flu^estueux de la saet, ei ks Moatagnaa
eacavp^BB et oridea qui lea aToisinent.

-/' Pins oa Toil Pidernae^ plasoetteVillepardit s'embellir dans
aeajd^taila | de belles rues bien aUigti6es^ de vastes et noagitiilqaee
poriiqiteB^ tels que la Porta Nuova et la Porta Felice j plusuiera
plaoas publiques, dont la phis remarquable est celle qui se trouve '
sitn^a derant rUdteUde-Ville, it PoJUumq Senaionalei des Foa-^
talnes publiques, et des Fontaines parficali^res Jasqu' au quatriem^
^tagede p^usieurs maisona; de^ £glises snperbes etdes promenades
cbiiHDaotes i un air aain, line gninde population^ et cependant nne
profniet^ qu*on ne troupe dans aucuae Villede la Sieile> un com-^
metce assez considerable } une graade quantity de Maisons No-*
bles^ riches, fostuenses^ un climat cfaaud, des passions rives, de '
jolies Femmes ^ ..... on peut juger d'apr^s cela^ si le B^/OfOf do

Palerme doit 6treagr^able aux Etrangers."

Joaohim*Napoleon was — but, alas, no more on that distress-^
ing subject I Behold the portrait of the present King of Na^
p£s.

^ The King' and the Prince Royal hare dairy fturms, and vie
with each tyther in making butter, as before-mentioned : thia .
amafiBement and shootings by what 1 hear> is all this monarch trou* .
bka himself about.

*^ The amusements of hunting, shooting, or fishings appear,
to have always formed the principal, and akiost otily sourde of,
pleasure for king Ferdinand : his relation, the late king of Spain^ ,
was equally attached to it. So far have they carried this tnania^
that I know, from undoubted authority, there was formerly a re« .
galar weekly intercourse, by special meSsen|;ers, carried on be-
tween the courts of Naples and Madrid, with an account of the
slaaghter of game and the i^ts of these monarchs in the field.—
PerbAps'they were better employed in this animal destruction^
than in hmnan slaughter.

** The mode of hunting, is however, quite different from ours :
liiifldreHs 6f peasants drive the game from the woods into certain .
open parts -, his majesty stands within a railed fence, half a dozen
men load for him, and he fires away, right and left, as fiist i\s Uq _
cair. In very bad weather, they have often collected a strange
medley into a large riding-house, consisting of wolves,' foKc?;
boars, dags^ cats, pigs, goata, deer, &c. also ow]s,p}dgeons, hawic^,
wild ducks, partridges, crows, &e« The animals} in this promis- *

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4tt CoMfimCM Pbyitge to (Miz oikI Oftraltef ^

I fttflito> htghk ft genenl figlit^ wliile Ae noniTCb, from a gaU-^
kiy, fires at Aem tlU tbey are il destroyed. — ^Aa ignol^ aod cow*

General Cockburn made '' many attempts to see the palace,,'^
hit toall gwilfetiMmijf Hiodes of pmetrsting into Are imcred i^
eesses of ^cilian royalty^ msupenible objedrons wert' apposed
•—at the mapeal tooeh, however, of a " sihw key'* these ob-*
atacles Tanishedj ** and all the doors Bew open in u thimite.'^

" The Maee is an old and irregnlarbniMing : the inside formtf
two sqstarcs^ one has a piazza^ or colonnade, of three stories, with
handsome oohimns. By the aid of a little civility, and an £ng-»
Uih uniform, I got Into the great audience and drawing rooms ^
Ihey are tai^ and handsome : there is very fine tapestry in these
Ipooms, representing the adventures of Don Qaixote.

** The armonry is nothing more than a room filled with about
two hundred fowling pieces from all countries^ with pistols,
swords, and all the paraphermdia of the king's shooting appt*
tatos : these arms are remarkably well kept, and some are very
enrionar they have a sword made at Toledo, said to have belong^
ed to Charles the Fifth, and a very old shield of Roger, the eouqne^
ror of Sicily.

" There is a very fine gallery of pictures, as I am told; but
^My wen^ lately paeked up, when Murat threatened Invasion, and
so they remain. The room was then turned into a Parliament
house, for the meeting of the Barons, who, however, not agree-
ing with the queen, were, like the Fkrtiament of Paris formerly,
aeat about their bustesss. I went to see the room : it is very
lai^ and iaity > at* present ft is painting in the Italian style ; I
did not pace it, but should suppose it to be one hundred and fifty
fiKt long. The soafbldkigk now up ^ a pllttferm, to enable the
•itiatB to point the oeiikig, ia really a euviosity : I looked through
some of the sobondinaSe parts of the palace, and then took my
leanw : there aresiairsof red mMible to the top ; every step is of
fifteen feet wide-

<' The Queen scsidea in this palace : the King remains at tfao
lavorita witii his mistress ; and it is only on what they call name*
days,«-^thiit is, the birth day of some of the Royal Family, that a
regular dcawhig-Mom or kvae is hekl/^

In our next number we shall with no small satisfaption ren^w
our analysis [of lieutenant-General Cockbuni's amusing and
elegant volume^ and accompany our remarks with a few po^
litical notices on the present state of Sicily and hev unhappy
people. u

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Xnx. if:— 3f%'e keld off^aterloo ; a %eni. ' By ^VALTER^coTT,,fia,
8vo. Pp. 54. Longman &Co: 1815.' "[ " ^"^.

JLiOMe, indeed, will the Field of ^Vaterloo be remembered Jt-
41te 4ijighl^y interests placed ia the $cales of War.ai>d:.F<?rtuQe^
in tW 'ttem^dous conflict, whose' ^uts. and. ac^lapi^t^WiS.
emlxxlUd the latest pouring forth of the Conquering Spir{t;-^
the fluctuations of the fight; — its exterminating fierceness, its,
scartt^y paralleled duhition ; — the Immediate Revolution which
•fyWowed v^on its doSe, the future changes to which it will have'
^veil birth ; — thescl, these are circnmstances wTiich to the 'most
^stant posterity, will enshroud the Field of Waterloo with mih-
gted ^loom arid splendour. On that scene of melanchcSfvV^g"'
jaificeuce, that gorgeous Gfolgotha of the niriet^erith century,
"wWi future ages turn a sad and sickening gaze— im.aginatiofi
wul take advantage of the rich and dark materials offared lo her
creative powers by the desig-ns, the deeds, pf this polishe^^i^,
and. With reluctant indolence, conifess herselY surpassed j—>-l
while Reason,* rejoicing in the bright and boiinAless results to.
which it will have led, will, nevertheless, sigh over Ihe Wrver-'
rfty of man, that rendered it necessary to lay the foundations of
His felldty in a soil so sanguinary, so fatal to the happiness — the'
Bop^s of — mourning myriads. ' ^ '

' "Thus much have We thought it proper to say upon the ^battle,
of Waterloo-;-a battle in which the military renown of England*
and VVellington was more than sustained— ^a conflict, for whic'li,;
wc trust, the world will have to return its thanks to them witii
deep and soul-felt gratitude. We now turn our attention to'
, Mr. Scott's lucubrations on that appalling and eventful strug-'

Mr. Scott enjoys, and deservedly, a reputation at once ho-,
nourable to his country and himself. After every deduction
which the scrutiny" of criticism can make from most of his
works, she will, wfth candour and admiration, pronounce, that
to the' mass of sterling English Poetry, he has made additions,'
considerable in quantity, and exquisite in quality. But while
we deliver this our sincere and warm trij)ute of respecf to the
'ialehts of the distinguished author, we are driven to p-cknovv-
Ibdge tjiat upon subjects lying out of the road he has selected,
for his excursions, he falls below' himself, and draws dpWir^ie^
dt^leasure,* we iviH hot say the ridicule, of his readersi l^aiuij
liar as he is with the romantic history of darker age?, his mini
amply furnished with all the gay and gorgeous appendages of
feudality, and gifted with tfttttttes that enable him to Bring'

Crit. R£v« Vol.. U. Nwemberif 1815. 3 M

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them bcferr our eyes with a spfendour and captiyatbi^ &mf^
risiftibly {(ppepl for o^r app)ause-^wh; w'M h^ is^ddl^ ^itlp
cKemes, in th^ cipjebr^^on qt whicl^ it is his dooxo to prove hj»
incompetency? Tliis was the case with *^ Don Roderick* '--^^
jet that ppcin induced within it» scppe traiisaet;iot>§ more af}|y;»t«r
ed, to tte pecuH^ brat of Mr. Scott's talent^ thaq apy, p^-r,
Aajps^ whj^i the history of the Iai?t thirty Kars caxi affpTfH^ Kot^
^ithitanijing tliis advrantqgi?, **. Jhn Uq^ffick/^ Hk^ a guilt^
gj[dst/ beheld the dfty-^aE^^ffed into-r-QbUvipo k— ?V?? ha^^ ^ *:tl|-
Mielfc and sorcer^s of th^ '^ ftw ** h^eij ad^q^ate to the r^sRwr*.
rectipn iof tliejt i^nFort\inate shad.Q, ^.ut <?f the '^ Rel(} i?f W'a-'.
^rloo-^J^r. Scott s Waterloo! alas! alc|^! wha^ ^kall w«
say ?^^*.VVrit|en''' U is, ¥re are infprined. by the a^thp]^ "for
the purj^se of assisting, thp Waterloo Subscriptioi^" sypid vritli,
apathetic ^^mplicit^ h$ adds» tjbia( ^a^is;^^ its best Yiodi(^atic!i(^"'
We do sussure Mr. Spott that we entii;r iQo^t s^ncer^y. 9pd co#*.
4laUy into the f^H spirit of thv deprecatory preamble. Cljiaiilj.
begins at bomca and the "Fujld pf Watert(¥)." MCa^ cpmposeil
hastyy, during a short tpur upoa the ^ooiiOfinV.^h^o M^« 'Wfc'
thpr's labours^ we^e liable, tpfne^vent interi:upiioRs/' Poe9. th#.
word " tabouxs'* r^fcr tp Uie cppxpo^itipn. of tb^.leaneflh before
lis) U spj^ it is f^jr tp p^^i^ume th^t the ^^ahpi;t t9«ir Vifofi the
co^tinicnt'* w?i^ uiujertakea for. the ej^presjs^ pwurpps^f of obtaiiir
ihg such full circumstantial^ and con:ect iofonooation cont^m-
ipg tl)^ battle s^ wpuld.give ampler rpooi, for the di^pbiy: of tiie-
i&uthor'g geniusji thus powerfully s,timulated by the rnSil^ viA,
ennobling unpulse of "twice- blessed'' chwt^.*- apd- *PVUD#
tliis being the object* of the jpuri^ey, we fiad it difficult tp coa-
cejve what " intcrry^tipns" C9i2td haVe arisen to. thwart or, ia-
terfere with sp praise\>'prtby a^a. cfii^ We. should hav^suprr
posed that all Belgium was rife and Tohible with the scarccjy'r.
stilled thuode,i:^ t))at ^ l^t^; tpre. v/f hec p|i^a;<>-t4tol io. ioe
anxious visages, of. her pop^Iatloo ipji^t be r^th^seut^ccr
but just jp]ropounQe(i[ vpon i,ben\ by the aitUU^ry of Waterloo^fr
tjiat. the age(l a^^d the youtW^lrrrthei wealthy ai^l the^indig^ent-r-r
of bbtli se>;es, of. all conditions-^ would be eager and buistipg;
Mp relatf tp strangers, the turns, tli^ ^^bapsS^fs ofthe fightj— tiw?,
runjour^, the! hopes^ tjie apprehem^ions— that bun^ished oi
blackened the yar^i;ig complexion of every fl^eting^ 'fVBfNjf,
lioiir. ' '**Interrupt;ijons !/*-;^What! w,hile!. l|ie d6xae^^|iia bel- j
fireys of Briisjsels ^yer^ pealifigin.his,ear, anli wafting fajr andj
wide tlie tfdin^s.of tUajt cruel and,coixcludod cohflii*^;r--wJ|iflt^
yjerlthedpad api^ d vbg. si jpf or g^oaped ou the btpQd;^^^
soil in ghastly an^d shuodei^i^g c9inmujuon7--wJ>eA c^kjeot, nif^^j^
thai laitigated t^e! sijdtpufss. otJtuiQ,, a^ bofl;^ r(£|^]^^^.t^ '

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«a^AltttbSt ifntedh^drifasly— froTtJ tlfe lijls of MI;^i^Wtf jrtt dfl
M^ iStetstttldri* wete abWrbfed Itt tHfe &n^ lAt^tisffe iiid teWflfc
f^feliri^— <^Mlc attlaiement trteflftated fa sBferici oH <fi6' tenht^
irirtJcyn 6f the «tHft^ arid for thdu^t tliel* ^i/^lW f8i(! id^tii
^tSftg ;-^{tt tHe very scene, the cefttte, ttt ft<«i«'df ^8^ ptft-
terttdte evetrts wliich cfci>-?f^ hnpelled Hfrt W^ftv^fiV fHe ^<-r
ttttctidfr* ttf g^mtrs-^with aH titestf stHfrtflifM''t^5bbT^nti
prtosiifg tfpdii hhii,' what "Jhtfefttipfhwirf'' Bfr/Bfcdtt c6utd
ftrtfet ^Tth fa the composJJtion bf his versesf ^t tWfftii' ottf hliS-
bBftrtocoihpf^hend. '" " ,

Bat from whatever eatrie it pweeeS, K li ^/etffl^W .M
Mf . Scoffs faihrre In the p6teilfc« narr^idif «^ fflfe hm^ «r Wrfi
tci1b<y ^S«Wtt to wafn hhri ag*iSf re-aflv^tittJh'g tts ^dpm^fM
ih iht b^tbiktkm at faiodrfft ^tm. '*TH<f K^l8 of WAi^lhb**
1* ^bsbhitchr the ptknrfest, difllest, Uist itffWes^feg iidpMUclh
rtrt* htef ft» Wf6 isiired froA the! ^Kdi bt tldfr^bV. ' EVth tfe'i
^awtte C)# thfe Battle coritriins mor^ ftifbrtn^fidfi, aind Hk ^vfi? it
We pw* » ♦cty mtte; ff M aUy ^peWot ttf^thSt' (if HMsM
Wfcjflng«cm'sf ^tfWe^ dlsp^eht^. Tht m^v^^, Wy ^tt/^(^M
Wf Mr: 9e6tt (tU <k;ta-syllablc, obe^forialKr v^riWf 1^ s5it ^'

irtMg itntf iSgtAtf ar tl^me so mi^Kw ^MJe^d Of i
irtWbii ii <**f haWly«^o«rfaWy'^ti6 sM^frl'dbthtigHtoti's', rii
vivid illustiutions, And but fe\r, Vti^fW^/tyf Sie^b^ittHfill rtBfeft
rf cotrfi^; Tht itoo^rfeltecttonV ^k'e A«*fe!< rfeV^, Jlbi'-ex-
^eedittgl]^ «pt ' T*a< ^v^ty rersi? sHoul'd' hdve theV^^fte rittta-
<«a*^ Af syftebfts; tfntf thnt fhg vtolatfoi^ of ifliyrtife atttf ^mth*
«l«AiH bte ^'kw^ pb%^\m; ^e i^riljr b^lf6^ ti^rirtfie prrii«^
prf oHtedts iW^'Mhr. S(?6tt lA tfhis deetnosVriHit (iHia^JftSrfl. .
Btot ^ fktilt of a gtiver riattit^^ titzth arfV Kter^^^c^tVM
*tr haVi i!<!/ ebtfrg<; M^. Sbortf wiM. l)^akni$(^!J'IM(!16i»,6F
pusiUanimity. Now this is mean^ and wholly wn\9^mf\X BiS^
jtbh oamlour. He talks of the Emperor's sending

Tbe £ate theh* Ibader sliuriri^^ io'shi^^;'

witlsout stopping to pbiht'otif the affiteMWld 'U^ion of Lord
Byron (which by tire Wayt^dbX'foTis atidlfatty^^dnt) we will con«
trast these- caqpycssionfr wkb> the wofd» of thg valiant EngKeh
Generals N^^eon^ sajrs. the ]S(Iarsha|jif..^fdi4-,^ d\i^~{ie
fongUti.tke haltle with mfinite skilly |ieiMyeraiice» «iid Btuin
VB]iY''--fl]id thsu be proceeds to ascribe tlje" ^^yMcM^ ltt< m

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460 ScM^9 Field rf Waterlco.

superior phyricfil force vjskdinvmeible constancy at tHe British.''*
This is niH^ianimous, and, in our opinion, reflects more hor
noui; oi^f U[ie writer than the memorable victory to which it re-
lates. Honouring as we do the valour of the English General,
and thinking of l^m as a man of consummate conduct and
prowess, lb \yar, we^are certain that British liberality would not,
iminstigfiteU apd.c^ its ^wn free impulse^ wish to exalt the me-
rits of pi^r.cjvvn,. distinguished Commander and the Prussian
General by.tlie pi^^innious depreciation of the iUast|rious Cap-
tain with wiictse fatigued and inferior forces they stood con-
fronted ,on the. pt^ii^s of Waterloo at the head of above two hun-
dred thousand troops. No — no — the warm blood of an Cngr
lishnian rac^s with too generous a current to permit him thus
to slight ^id $lur th^ reputation of a renowned and once migh^
rival-^and we trust that there are not many Scotchmen who
would show.sqea^er and revolting an appetite for uncalled-for,
unprovo|ce<\ detraction. We shall not press Mr. Scott's deli-
cacy further ,m)Ofi this topic, but content ourselves with ob-r
serving th/a^t^ tnough the passage we have quoted is but a mild
instance ofhip ppwfrf in abusing an unfortunate enemy — we do
not me^p that J^^buses, vulgarly-^— we hope that reflection will
.i^ply a corr^cUve, tl^at some slight pangs of peniteynce will in-
duce hiiA,t9,jaQurisl^^^€;tter thoughts, and tcacli him, if he again
hazard Uipself 'witjb'^ptemporaneous subjects— ^which we hojpe
lus goo<l;ge^ius^wjyti;\>'arn him. not to dream of^-how to praise
|i friend wi^^io^tsjiai^crinjp a f^^

Som^ few, p^^^eag^s of merit. these leaves do cpntun. It
\vould be^ jndeedt» strapge jf, the whole of any of Mr. Scott's
jcompositions were wofrthle^s. iTIie worst of the productions of
puch,^ \mte;^. i^u$t,$till exhibit some vivid and involuntary evi-
dence; 9f,tn.eg^niusj^that Wakes at will such grand and enchant
ing &eiimt|o^l,. j^hf; description of the country round Brussels
is a \Qrji^di^9i;i yet'soft picture of that flat tliougl^ not uninter-?

''Fair Brussels, thou art far behinid^
Thougjb, lingering oa the morning wind^

• . Wc^y^t may hejjr the hour
Peal' (1 over orchard and canal,

. „'\'^^ v|,j)?rop proud Saint Michael's tower j

»■ ■ . I I nrrtiiii'* mi) ill I ' ' li I " n ■ III ■ ■ I 'I I ■ ■

• See the IflfAfsti&n letttl'to bis mothet m tbe Momiiig Chronicle— tbe pre-
cUe* day.t^e lattiUdC. 'M6all 4« miad— bat it viU be foond in one of tbe liiliti

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Wliere ^ tall, beecUos' glo98y Mo.ugU

For many a league arQUud^
With birch .ao^ (lark^O^e oak between,
Spreads deep and far a pathless screea.

Of tangled forest ground.
Stems phinted close by stems defy
The adventurous foot^the curious eye

For access seeks in vaiu ^
And the brown t^ipestry c^' leaves,
Strew'd on the blighted ground, receives.

Nor sun, norair» nor rain.
No Qpening gla^e dawns PM our WAy»
No streamlet, g;lan::i«g to the ray,
*fi' r- - Our woodlai^d pajli has Cfoss^'d I • , • . -

*, A^nd the straight causeway which wc trcad^ ^ ,. ^

JPrplongs aline of dull iircadcj^
^ 'X/nvarving through the hn varied* shade *' ' "^

* * • ' ' ' t'ntn in distance lost. * * . ' '= ' '

. s , ^' A brig^er, livalier scei^e s^QceedfS ; . ,j ,,:
.; K^l* g^9^pc?5 t}je^c?\tterii^ wood recedes,. , , . ., .
.^^^.He(|ge-pw;5j|an(thuts, and sunny n^ads^ . , ' /^
And corn-liekls glance between j ' »

The peasant, at his labour blithe,
J*lies the hook'd -stji^ and shorteo'd spjrth^ :—
* ' *' But when iliose ears were green.
Placed close "within destruction's scope.
Full little wiis that rustic's hope . ,,

Their iflp«ening to have seen ! . .
And„lb,ahaihlet and its fane :— \ ^ i^
Let not the i;azer \yith di^lain . , , •

Their archit€vcture view 5 . ., i

For yonder rude ungraceful shrine,^
And tfisproportiouM spire, are thine, ' .
Immortal Watekloo ! " . \.

'' JhtJM not the heat, though fu11'and;higii
The sun has iat»orch*d the auturiin sky; "'
And scah^e^ft' f^est straggl^i' w^ • - '^'
To shade us'spreacYs h grfe*nwooil<bottgh j
These fields hdvie if^en a hotter dby '

ilwn ere wa& 'fired by SUhny ray.
Yet one mile fitirH-fiffi shatteKd'htdg^ * ^
Prests the soft hill, whose long smooth ridgt

Xodkadn the fidd bQk>iM> . .«..>'
And sinks fio genfly on iheiM^i > • ! < ' '

•In eadec culver cant flowb- I

Brief space .firom thdooe,- the gWHktf K^g^
AsG ending slowly from the plain j

^y:x\.

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4» it^tBfMdrfJtt^ho.

Fbrms uioppofting mtmii^
Whichj with il» crest of upland gnraiid> .
Shuts the bmriiMMi alLarMiiid.

The Boflen'd vale between
Slopes smooth and fair for courser's ttt»A 9
Not the most timid mnid need dread
To give hep snow-white palfrey head

Ob that wid^.stuhble-gnmnd ;
Norwood, nor tre^, rnvr bush ar^ IhMe,
Her course to intercept or scare.

Nor fosse nor fence are found,
Save where, from out her shattered bowers^
Rise HougouwiVs iteaaBtled towers^*'

IXflering in kfaid, thoiigti pcfiliftps' storpcrlor ia mcrtt, flw tll9
tenth and devehth stanzas commencing with the command of
Napoleon to the Imperial Guard to charge the batteries*— but
we must here observe that the words b^ has made the Emperor
use are uncharacteristic. There are in them too much heat
and impetuosity ^or the unchanged, uhchuigeaftle compo*
sure which Napoleon hte dwa^s evinced, in emerg^cies. We
bave placed the lines containing the insinuated cowardice in
italics*

*' ' On ! On ! • was stiTtbis slehi ftxdaiA j
Confront the battery*8Jaws of flame!

Rush on Ifhe levelf d" gun ! \

My steel*clad cuirassiers, advance !
Each Hulan fom^ard with his Tance,
My Guard — ^my chdsen — eharge for'FiraMce^

France and NapoTeon ! *
Loud answef d tlieif a:ce)a1ttkihg sH&tLi, ,
Greeting the mandate which sei^t out
Their bravest and thek best to dare
The fate their leader shunWd id sha:re:
Bat Ubj hia country's afword fnd MM^
Still in the battle-front revealed . . . )'
Where danger fiercest sw^ the Seld,

Gtfoaelikea beam of l%ht.
In action prompt, m sentence hrief-^
' Soldiers, stand fian>* eiGdaim*dtha cb&d^
' Eni^aad shaliiteU l^figihtl'

«< On eame the wUithnnd^Hke tlie^last
But fiercestaweep of tempest bbitUi'
On came the WhlrlWiid^'^^atM glaaaiaflMke
Like lightning* thfiaa^flierolfing irtioke»

TtewiMr mie«iaiev0ane#^

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Three bupdred cahnoti-oicniths roar'd loud.
And fitnn their throats, with flash and cloud.

Their showers of iron threw.
Beneath their fire in ftiH eareer,
BBih*d on the ponderous cuirassier,
Tlie lancer couch'd his ruthless speaiv
And hwT^ing as lo havock near.

The Cohorts* eagles flew.
In one dark torrent broad and strong^
The advancing onset roU'd along.
Forth harbinger*d by fierce acclain^
That from the shroud of smoke and flame,
?eal*d wildly the imperial name.'* m«

Aat. liL-*»l. Bipori, together with the Minutet ^ Emdence and am
Append of Papers, from the Committee appointed to comider i^
Ttonwm being made for the better Regulatum of Madhouses in Eng--
Imnd: ordered b^ the House of Commons to be printed Juljf W, 1815.
iic^h Subject of Evidence arranged under its distinct Head. By
J. B« Sbaepb, Member of tl^ Royal College of Surgeons; '
' BaHwin and Co. 1815.

%, Prwtical Hints on the Constructiom and Econmny of Pauper Lunallc
' jUylums ; including Jnstructums to the Architects who offered Piam
for thfi VTakejield Asulum» and a Sketch of the, most (approved De-
sign. By SauvEh Tuke. Longman and Co.

TT iiBN At impoTtwi^ <if this investigation is duly con^dered^
it would seem ii^cumbent upon us to enter exiensively into its
rdatioos; but our readers will observe^ that, as this volume
chiefly consists of minutes of the evidence on which the printed
Report of the Committee of the House of Commons is founded^
the minutes themselves will more satisfactorily furnish the sub-
stance of our remarks; presenting as they do, in addition tot
oval testimony of inestimable value, the most essential doeu-
• ments of information) which could never have been obtained
from any other source.

Mr. Sharpe informs us, that the motive for publishing his
qv/u observatioos, with the republication of the Committee's
Report, was, to secure to the public the many advantages de-
livable from an extended circulation of the evidence; and tliat
die House of Commons. having resolved that no more copies
should be struck off than wouLi be reqinred by the members^
he consented to commit a species of pious fraud for the purpose
of eSecting hif object. With suchr views^ and with sucli inten-
tions, we sincerely applaud his determination.

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Ah'i lAinatk EslaVlUhments.

The Report, as printed by the House of Common^, is diVl^Icd
into four parts; and the evidence appearing in tne order In
wliich it arose on the several days o( examifiatioDj ipuch labour
ivas necessarily required to give a clear and distinct.prospect of
the various subjects on which it bears. This labo^* our author
has bestowed. The whole evidence is arranged under separate
heads r and the utility of the plan he has adopted is so manifest,
so intelligibly does it clirect our attention to the respective
points of inquiry, that mere inspection will now demonstrate to
what objects the Committee principally dedicated their exer-
tions.

Tlie Right Hon. George Rose, the chairman of the Commit-
tee^ has a claim to the tribute of public applause £or-theiBhai»
he bas taken in bringing forwards, as well as diligently pro-
moting, thiii sdliitary investigation. His efforts will liaques-
tionably tend to ameliorate the general system which has been
hitherto so deplorably practiced by keepers of insane houses,
and be the means of introducing that steady vigilance over the
patients, for which no medicines or Severity ought to be substi-
tuted, i^ostcrity will record with gratitude the protector of the
wretched and the benefactor of the miserable; for, asl>r. John-
son has observed, '*^ he that lias improved the virtue, or ad-*
Vanced the happiness, of one fellow creature, ...;.....
may be contented with his own performance ; and with respect
to mortals liite himself, may demand, like Augustus, to be dis-
missed at his dejTarture with applause."

Insanity is to be considered as one of the most distressing ma-
ladies to which the human species is subject; its effects, whilst
It continues, generally incapacitates the individual fr6m exer-
eising his body or mind to any useful pUrposc^S; for, ahhougU
the |)atient apparently possesses his pristine muscular strength.
his bodily exertions are rendered useless by the imperfection of
his reasoning faculties.

It is unnecessary on the present occasion to expatiate medf-
cally on the physlolog}' or pathology of this interesting dlseasej
and therefore our pages will be principally confined to the more
prominent particulars of the Report itself, and to the evidence
on the domestic management of these asylums of misery. Yet
as there are very opposite sentiments entertained of the diseases
of the mind, a short distinction of their characteristics may^ not
be superfluous. The general character of this order of diseases
L?, that the judgment is found imperfect, and unattended with
fever or propensity to sleep. There are four genera usually
stated in this order.

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^ lii, ' An^eiliia; c|r .im|»eciii^ o£ mipd ) bf which the reIalJ9i)»
^f, thV)g3 ar4 either not perc^ived^ or upt reopllected.

2d; 'MelaQeh0Ua> defined-^^o errQneous judgment; but uoli
iiierely respecting health ; from imaginary perceptions or recol*
lecljons influencing the conduct and depressiiig the mind wltU
iU-grounded {fi9!X$', not combined with either fever or comatose
l^fieclions) oiWn appearing without dispepsia^ yet attended
tvUb costiv^o^M, chiefly in- persons of rigid fibres and torpid
sensibility^

Sdi. InsaoiiiyT^istingui^hed by erronepua judgment; indi-^
dated by imaginary petoeptions or recollections^^ attended witb
agreeable eiiiotious in persona of a sanguine tempei^m^nU

4th, Afauia) evinced b^ a eonqeption of false 'relations and an^
erroneous judgment^ arising fVom imaginary perceptions or re«*
collections, exciting the passions^ and producing unreasonably
actions or emotion^ witji a hurry of niind ia pursuing a train of
though tj and from running from one train of thought to ano-
iher/ attended with incoherent ai^ absurd speech^ called ravings
and violent impatience of either, contradiction or restraint.

The causes of mental diseases haVe occasioned very laborioUii
dissertations, and a great diversity of opinions; but no satis-
factQry theory has yet been broached respecting the physical
i^pearances in the substanae of the brain to which, upon in*
•pection sfter death, they may be attributed. .

It cannot well be conceived, that the contrariety of senti-*
ttents on this subject will cease to eidst until the connexion of
the mind with the body is better ascertained; and it is most
propi|ble that their mode of union will long n^^maiQ inscrutable
to human research. . .

The dis^e of the mind is certainly one of inheritance, and
HiO^fore it is doubly expedient tliat every means siiould be emr
^cqred to prevent its diffunon by internuffriages* But howevef
nscmtable the predisposing or remote causes of inadoess have
hitherto pmved> we are enaUod to i^tate, that incurable cases of
madness do apt exceed one^fifth of those that are curable ; and
k is Bo4 dear that this dise^e increases the mortality of the hu«»
Bian face, which maybe owing to the brain being unsusceptible
of m^y morbid impressions. whUe thus affected, which would
influence it when fiee from the malady.

There are t^o circums^nQeaatteqdingthe lunatics in [M-iyato
«adhoU8es whici^ we da noli n^ceive ^suggested, in the publl*
eatioa before us, and wliich, al kue,. must be admitted oC vk^
%hit eharactcF. . .: .. -j

^ The custom of toIlu^Ahtft parish hell foir thedeath oC^dirr
viduais, seems fvadedtoAA JoMfol; . its tibj^tis tp mvf. wanunc

Crit. Rby. Vol. U. November, 1815. S N

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4M IMaikt:sitM$}MeHiiL

to tfi'e neighbours' of the oecnitence. In a priviite tnaiHtiOti^^
ttrell known to the writer, no questions can be asked C0neinTAe4f
the dissolution of its inmates, because^ foisooth> no parish' befl
is tolled. The reason of this caution may sugge^ itself to' lihe
redder to be not very honourable to the Major Domo. It tvas a
t>ractice in ih(t same receptacle to refuse annual stipends for the
tare of its unhappy members^ provided an a^eement coald be
contracted upon more eligible terms ; not upon quarterly or an-
nual payments, but upon a premium, or sum of money^ to be
paid during the life of the patient. This is a preposterous and
wicked system, inasmuch as an interest is created ia each con-
tracting party to abridge the life of the lunatic* It is much too-
general for relatives of insane persons to slight and disregard
their personal comforts ; but in this plan, it will be manifest,
there is a very strong incitement for a presumptive heir of cQs*
solute character to treat the incumbent^ actually as well as vir-
tually, as dead in law.

It will be apparent, that unless both parties are men of inte-
grity^adoor is opened for infinite fraud, cruelty, &o. ***** for
tiiere is no difficulty in believing that ^lOOD is more accept-
able than the precarious receipt of ^100 per annum« It be*
<<omes the interest of the keeper to shorten the life of the poor
patient, and the relative neither knows nor cares whether the
poor creature is hurried to a better world; and should sudia.
nefarious process ever have been executed^ will it not account
for the silence of the parish bell to inform the living of the fate
of the defunct patients ? Ye guardians of lunatics 1 if any of you
have entered into suich a contract with so base a design^ irnme*
diately dissolve it, and redeem the pledge of your iniquity, for
(he hour of investigation is arrived^ abl m severe respousibility
will foUow. Will you affirm, with the solemnity of an oath, tha(^
jpou have never been parties to such agreements? Or is it neoes*-
^ry to regard tiie elastic materiids of which wary ava<ice>'i»
composed, and to suppose that a reserration is constantly mado^
which may possibly serve to detei^ the criminal part of their
reproach? For there are men who think that lunatics taay feci
less pain in another world than they experience in the various
scenes of torment they pass through, while sojourning la
0Uiilhouses« But such an opinion seems to clash with another
6ety which is often exemplified in private receptacles* We
are bold in averring that there are many unhappy patients wh^'
are destined to dwell in these abodes many years .alter sanity
has resumed her empire over their minds. We will Dot at pre*
sent put any qaestian to Sir Jonathan Miles ; bat we shall be
ttc»iae#ia^oikMi]igaquery toMr.Waiba^ isfaajathft

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MMk ^f IPPVwgiDtr thje.incarA^enitvPin of hisjiaiijcp^tieots ? Jf^hf^
C^pC^9> QqV pa suitable occaj^ions, and whei) he vs certain of. hiif
pay:meQtej, we theo mufit submit another question, to which we.
cecpecdt an explicit reply. Has Mr. Warburton a gentleman un-
der-the designatinn of Captain Lee, an American, in any of \i\$
madhousiesf If he have, what has been the duration of his
-corWSnement? Has he (Mr. Warburton) not been amply ?^nd
Ye^xdarlj paid for the period of twenty years, during the Cap-
tion's imprisonment ? Not doubting that i^lxe substance of these
'Questions will be answered in the afBrmatiye, we proceed to ask
[mXf Warburton, whether Mr. Lee has not been uniformly per-;
Jfipci in his aenses more tlijan fifteen years past, and most

tUIJUPUS for liis liberty ?

, We are uQd^ the oUigation of suppressing many remarks on
4lie bulk ef the interesting evidence before us. We particur

larly recommend the whole of it to our readers' perusal ; and
'^«re think the most eligible extract we can make is the Report
'itself, which was concluded on the llth July, 1815.

" Your Committee," says the Report^ " deeply sensible of tbe
ia^>or^noe ^f 4be matter referred to their fonslderation, lioveap*
,,plied;lbeiMel««s witb gveict earneaitteiA to tke performanoe of tlie
duty uaposed on them by the iHoase.

'',Th4 (^rideace presented hqrewUh.wili shew bow extensive
Aheir enqHiries have been. It. was their intention to make obser-
uratioas la detail qn the seyeral heads of the examination taken
before them^ and on the several public and private establishmenia
/or the reception of insane patienta, but on reconsidering the whole
. subject, they have thought it adviseable, in the first instance, to
make their Report more general^ &)t the reasons which wiU be
.#Mted.

*' Your Committee eaimot, howerer, betltaieio suggest wiA
. 4be utmost confidence, from the evidence 4hey' now offer to the
Home, that ssme new provision of law is indispensably iieeessaijr
ior ensurlqg better /Mure being taken of. iasaoe penoas botli io
Hnflltndiaffd Irdandthiui. they hftirf hitherto experienced: the
4|ttinber oi whoxa appears to be veiy considerable, as the enquirers
of.tke'Cpmmittee have convinced, them, thfit there are not a set of
beiojp^.in t|ie country more insmediately requiring the protection of
the legislature than tlie persons in this state, a very large propor-
|ien of whom are neglected by their relations aQd friends. If those
in the middling, or in the lower classes of life, shut up in hospitals,
pffvate madhoiib^, or parish workhouses, are looked at, yeur Con^
nttttee are peisuaded that « ease eatfnotbe found where thsiueces-
sity for a DemedjteiGitts in mmti\ig^. . mi

^S Itwitt appear! on refeMMce talhe evidcnoe^^lyiilg pidiieipiiHf
on tfaetestiitioAy.Qfittae.peiaiiiiakidepMkg the toMMfi^hat ip.p r^

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49B xitfMffe SHwrnSktMntif

Ileuses, vhd the small extetft of ground fttUclied to thi^m wAl ^Mr
Init: and that the treatment of the inhabitants in ilKemhai lje<%
kind and proper; font it is in proof, tiiat thierc^ ik ju^t -and greirt
cause of complaint against by far the greater part of the hotides of
tliis des<:ription, which hare hardly in any instance been ' btlilt Ibc
the purpose, and are incapable of being conveniently adapted for it.
" Your Committee have classed tiieir obserrations under the
following heads, that each may be referred to as the occasion maj
lU-isc:

" Ist. Keepers of the houses receiving a much greater num-
ber of persons in them than they are calculated for, and the cbhs^
quent want of accommodation fbr the patients Which ^l!ieatlv n^
^rds recovery ; they are indeed represented b^ the Presidenrt of tba
College of Physicians, and the Physician acting as Secfetaty to Ute
Visiting Commissioners, wlio must be considered Ifts the most com-
petent judges on the sulbgect, to be better calciJdated for the iizi{lrt«
aonment than the cnre of patients.

** Sndly . The insufficiency of the number of keepers in pro-
portion to the number of persons entrusted to their <SiCre, whicli
unavoidably leads to a proportionably greater degree of restndnt
'than the patient Would otherwise b^ under.

" 3rdly. The mixing patients who are outiPag^tts "A^lb ti^oeie
-who are quiet and inoffensive: and those Who arfe iMtosiblefo
the calls of nature with others who are cleanly.

'' 4thly. The want of medical assistance as appMt Id the mdXaiy
fbr which the persons are confined, a point woithy Of tb^ moirt t^
'lious attention, as the practice is very genefc*ally to confine nsediAl
aid to corporeal complaints, which drcumStance the Gomtavittee
are the more desirous of enforcing to the Hous^,toan opinion lAs
been given by a respectable physician, and another person of gMat
experience, that where the mental faculties are only pfldiiidly lif-
fected (stated by them to be so in seven eighths of the casM) tttt-
dical aissistane<^ ts of the highest importance.

" 6thly. Resti^nt of persons much beyoad What is ttfec*s«iy,
cert :inly retarding recover^', even beyond what is oecaMohed'^Jf' the
crouded state of the houtoe, ((^ which many instances W€^irtat^ to
the Committee. In the course of the Evidence, there will be ftMd
opinions unfavourable to the use of straight w^tctSats as SKffe
1 oppressive to the fiatient than irons, which 4ndu66 yd^ €(Mn-
inittee to observe, that a waistcoat has l)^en invented ubd^ Ae
care of one of the members of it, which appeart likely to be quRe
as secure as the one now in use, and infinitely 1^S6 distressing- to
the wearer.

'^ 6thly. The situation of the parfsh patfpets in «o«ie^f the
tionses for insane patients, respecting the eare Of Whom Wh*n
confined in parochial workhotiseS, the Committee olSiO made some
enquiries, as connect^ With the matver befori^ thitti, ^aUbb^igli
not esqpressly inchided in the reference to them. *

#«,--

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^ oootnemettt. On thiB m>uiid of complaint ywt Cwv^

9nlfttee had very slender means otinformaCiOjD. ,,

•*^ Bthly. Insufficiency of certificates on wl^ich patients are r^
-<:eived into the madhouses.

" 9thly. The defective visitation of private mftdhoases^ Undei:
tlMi provision of the 14th Qeotgt III. c. 4?.

** The referenqes are made by your Committee to the pages o>

tlie evidence^ to shew, with as little trouble as possible to the readei^

"v^hat has been said respecting each, in consideration of whict

jour Committee are persuadeii that no doubt will be entertained

ia^ the insufficiency of the visitation which has taken plac^, even

iw^ithin the limits of the district assigned to the care of the Col-

leg^ ofPhysicianSj from the professional occupations of the visitors

aot allowing them sufficient time to perform the duties required }

and still less doubt will probably remuip of the utter insufficlencjr

or local neglect of those duties in other parts of England : it fot

lows of course that some amendment in the law is requisite foQr

fkds part of the subject.

•' Your Committee cannot resist observing, also, that the Com-
inkssioners have not the power of withholding a new licence tD
a person deprived of one for the most flagitious conduct.

'^ In Ireland, the necessity of making some further provision
fbr insane persons appears to be more urgent even thtm in thn

{lart of the United Kingdom, as it will bs seen in the evidence,
hat> with the exception of two public establishments and some
private houses in Dublin, there are no places appropriated sepa*
rately for the reception of persons in this istate in Ireland.--^1 a a
lew hospitals for general relief of patients, there are wards for in«
sane patients, but these are Very iU calculated fbr the attainment
of the object that should be had in view ; and as there are no poor
bouses in that part of the United Kingdom, the pauper luoatics are
allowed to wander about the country, till those who are out-
rageous are sent up to Dublin in a manner shocking to humanitj^;
Whik the ideots are left to go about the villages^ the sport of ttte
caommon people.

" As the governors of the asylum at York called the atten-
tion of the other House of Parliament, by petition, in the last ses-
sion, to the management of the establishment, in order to shew
that it was unnecessary to subject it to the provisions of a bill tMa
depending respecting madhouses -, and as the governor's of Both-
lem succeeded pn that occasion in obtaining a clause, while a b31
was in the House for ia partial Exemption from the provisions df
the act in favour of that hospital — youir Committee -are desirous
0f directing the attention of the HoU5e;to the parts which relate lo
those two establishments.

*' Your Contmittte impressed wHh the Ae inadequacy of the
buildings for the reception of insane persons throughout Englund^
DbtsSfted f roiii an alfdhitect, Wlro has ^iven great attention to the

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4Sfi fMnatic Esiat^hmentn.

jfsylum far the West Kiding of. the county of Yorjli^ f^mf ^^
Estimate's, tvhich they think may be useful to the public, especia]ftj
jb. counties where there may be a disposition to erect madhouses
for the reception of insane persons, under the Act 48 Oeorge III
X. 96, as it appears to your Committee to be highly desireable to
promote the operation of that wise and beneficent law. In order tp
-firevent the intolerable evil of tliose unhappy persons being im-
prisoned in gaols, or in parish workhouses, or permitted to wander
'about tliie country in a st;ite of total helplessness and neglect ; in
the forager case, to.the annoyance of the other prisoners, or poor,
Jt^s well as the umiecessary restraint and suffering to themselves ;
mnd in the latter, to the ^ea^ dajiger of their doing mischief to
4)thers, or lo themselves.

" The length to which this enquiry has been unavoidably
^rawn, must in any event have prevented at this period of the
Session a hill b^iog passed in the remaining part ojf it, as perfect!
.^ the necessity x)f the case .demands. Your Committee deeply
lament the necessity of this deUiy, because the n^an. gement^ ip
ynore than one of the ^laees for the reception of the unhappy
jiersons, has been as reprehensible, as ip their opinion to subject
the parties concerned^ if it had been known, to criminal proseca-
^ions 3 but that regret is some\vkat abated by a conviction, that the
state of those establishments have Jdccji .cpusid.ei'ably ameliorateyl
by the enquiries which have taken placC:.

** Your Committee are persuaded also, that when the extent o£
the evil pointed out in this lleport shall be generally known, the
▼isiting physicians in I^ndon and its neighbourhood will, as far as
the professional calls upon them will permit, give additional at-
tention to the duty they havi? been desirous of discharging j an4
that .the Justices pf the peace in the several counties will feel It to
be their duty to watch, as narrowly as circumstances will admit,
over the conduct of the keepers of such houses, and the treatment
of the patients in them- The Committee trust ^Iso, that every
magistrate in the kingdom, who may think the condition of in-
sane persons worthy their attention will inform himself, as well as
lie can, respecting abuses of the uai.ure ajludcd to, that it may be
submitted to his Majesty's Secretary of State for the Home De-
partment, whether it may be fit in such case that a' prosecution
Should be instituted at the suit of his Majesty's. Attorney General.

'* If in any instance a magistrate (during the approaching re-
eess) shall be refused admittance into one of these houses, your
Committee cannot doubt but that such refusal will have due
weight with the persons who may hereafter be authorized to grant
. Bcences for keeping houses of this description^ to refuse these ojk
unfit persons.**

NEW B&THLBM HOSPITAL.

'' After the patient inquiry made ]}y your Con^Ufeji^ 09 t)M
. matteis jj^Suar^ to ibm» ^^Jf .A<^u||;ht it d^iri^d^ t%iDf8^ (b»

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Kew BetMem Hospital erected in St. George*» Fields, biit not' ye^
inhabited ; that they might comider, with the advantage they havai^'
acquired from this examination^ how ftir the building might api
peiair to be weH calculated for die accommodation of, and to affdT«tf
the best chance of cure to, the patients intended to be soon re«*
moved into it, and having accordingly mode a careM kispectioil
of that building, they submit the following observations'.

** On entering the gallery on the principal floor, they observeil
that the windows were so high as to prevent the patients lookingf
out 3 with the unfitness of which your Committee were struck, a«>
intelligent persons had stated in the course of the examination,
that the greatest advantage might be deirivied from the patients hvrJ
ing opportunities of seeing objects that might amuse them . An al«'
teration might be made in this re9pect> if it shall be deemed proper
by the governors, at little expense, and with no risk of injuiy to*
the building ; as it was stated by Mr. Upton, the deputy architect,
that these windows were at Ih^t so constructed, but vrere after-*
« wards built up on a suggestion that it would be inconvenient tO'
expose the patients to the view of passengers, which IncohvenieBctf
it is conceived might be very easily obviated. Tlie windows ii^
the upper story appear to be properly constructed. '

" In the sleeping apartments the windows are not glazed, whidfe'
your Committee thinks deprives the patients generally of a reason-
able conifort, and may in many cases be very ii^urious 5 but what
appears still to be more. important, there are no flues cohstruct)ed
for the purpose of conducting warm air through the house, except
in the lower galleries on the basement story, which are proposed
to be warmed by steam. This appeara to be deserving of seriou#
consideration, because it is represented that the patients suffer sen-
sibly from cold 5 and Dr. Monro, the physjcian to the hospital^
stated, that it had not been thought adviseable to administer me-
dicines in the winter, on account of the cold of the house.

" In this opinion respecting the advantage to be derived to the
hospital being properly wanned, the Committee are strengthened
by the testimony of the Rev. Mr. Beecher, who has witnessed th^
good effect of it in the Nottingham Asylum, and in other places.

** To the infirmary for female patients there are only three small
windows, at a great height on the northern side of the room : it
appears, therefore, that something should be done for ventilation,
which might be easily accomplished. ^

*' The constitution of the privies appears to be very objection'*
able) and there is only one in each of the upper galleries, one in
the criminal part, and two on the basement story ; nor are ther^
any privies or urinals in the airing grounds ; and it seems doubt-
ful whether the drain passing under the beds is on such a con-
struction OS will answer the intended purpose.

'* There is no room set apart for the reception of dead bodies;
which should be provided for.
. " Th^re^t oigfat acres of ground occupied for tbe botrpftal^iii^

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47« SMuHtM$i0iliklmmkk

ihikg llifli vita of «he b<iildiiigs,tlttaiihiggM«iiii/mli>«fti^
msA » kalf mleadcd for a kitohea gaiden; aad tiMoearo «
&ar aeres mnreaiUmaiiigv wWcih it ift the int^atiaa al Ike fjm^
juxn to turn to profit, the act of Parliament lettraiiiiag ^Kfta to ^ka
uaQ of eight

. ^^ llie Committee, however, think it majr be axpedient to mb#
mit to the consideration of Parliament the propriety of enabling
tibe governors to devote this ground to the general purposes oF
fte hoApital, from a conviction of the benefits the patients derive
ifrom exercise, and in many eases from labour.

" And that the patients may not be entirely depiilred cvf tkcM
banefitfl in wet weather, it appears to be desirable that pent houaea
should be erected against the cross walk of the airing gfoonde, at
a so«t of covering to Uie middle tiiereof, like those of St. £«iik«'a
hospital.

'^ la the criiBinal part of the building the Committee And tko
same oluection to the height of the windows as belbte mantioned $
and that no provision whatever is made for warming this depart*
ment, although the warming pipes from the basement story aio
continued to iht door at which this part is entered ; and it may be
useful, if external doors of iron gralifig skoaU be pravidtd •m tkc
basement story.

^* The Committee have only further to remark^ that in this pai$
of the building there is no infirmary.

'* Resolved,'»T-That the chairman be directed to move the House^
that leave be given to bring in a Bill to amend and enforce the
provisions of the Act of the 14th George HI. c. 49, intituled^ Aa
Act for p^gulating Madhouses.*'

We do not think it necessary to add more at present on the
subject of this Report; but it is possible that hereafter we may
enter more largely on the detail of horrible f^cts which is givea
m the evid^nc&*-«uch as the cruel qase of Norris^ who seems
^ have been heavily chained to a wall for years^ tortured with
body irons, manacles, footlocks, and iron collar 3 the whole ma*
ohinery being denominated an iron apparatus. The apothecary
df Bethlem Hospital, Mr. Haslam, seems to justify the pro-
priety of the treatment ; but the answers of this person *re ipade
with very reprehensible sangfroid. The gross cruelty recorded
in this volume woiild appear perfectly incredible to our readex$»
' It is requisite that the punishment of delinquency should be'
summary, and free from all expense to the prosecutors; for it is
m^nifi^sted tli^t the heavy charges of law^proce^s haye iq ev^
instance of atrocity prevented the vengeance of retributive jus-
tice from falling on the oppressor's head. In the only case in
which the law was appealed to, and which failed, the costs
amotmt^d to the enoniiOQs sum of 400i. The BtU which «

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pmflie«iiillhoi»ts^iidHH thaineliopcdbo&ljf^y ta«iVhivrti«<wllMi
^ftbeOiiit^K«ig*niis. '..sn'vt jmIT

Much «pplMiseis4ae to the members of the Cofntntt^^^M
bare demonstrated great iz^al in ac^niring so m'uchfn^maCioii
upon the.nuious.to^cs of the eTideiioe ^hich is bttki^Ya^^fbt'^
ward. . . • ; "••/ '..• ^'■' ^ -i"-^ i

We had initended .to take potice of a pamphlet 'Ht^tt'thU
nbfU^ wntten i by Mr^ l\ike ; but the Report .i»f tii^^iCbMM
miwionen,' whidiiHre thougbl it neeessary to quote^ 'has^ek-l
eeedfidiOiirlimilai iiwe^re tfaerctoe-onfy^enabkd toiMia^
Ihii pttbUcatio» «oUi ioitn^Teiy wMBtvi wkUtioD to the 9^6por9y
And when it is eonaidered, that Mr. Tuke cannot boafil^th^
advanlagea attaehed>to p«Ukr life, and that he pursu^iWiaJ^o-
catiena totally MtikmtiiomlAih present ^»iibjiiet, Ms enttfttohs ill
the^caose of Aemrfidttunllte )mamacy ait assuredly' nibte tHiftI
praisewoithy. »J ro.j.'.M ' - '.'./J'^ ' ■ ':'i<. -■*

» ' -j^.i.. ■■ /KiM.1.:. J ' Mi»;. ij

AaT. 1 v.— *^n JByafi.^i^/r^ iAeuRf^ffi^^ ^^&€ Poor, by Lamj > Mnjt

a Commentary[ou^the^fiM^feofyl(if^.H^ry V.II. X^lm|vf^

tiH^/i O^^ervo^ioiu..^ the, JPractiq^.p/ nuing and defending Xy J^'^sma

Pauperis, Jtnar"

tlce.

Duke (

Author of several LdiA Tract^y Tb^tn^ fith n mccincfAi:ccmil,oJ

aU thePublid Cht&mei^'mHnidrlM'dm, their Ori<rin%irrJit^sip?,
^ SffX'^^tnd'm Mdre8t4^ iHk'QovMorsiPitir&fn, PreMWti, bid^fr^^

moten thereof. 8to- .rp;4^. * Duhh, 1816. ' ^^ wi.«4iifi-

Jv takUig up this littie xOlMttt far. cqfkitbm^ we ardlIed<oqia«({
template a ^ubje«t efiUj[ijsotljt<:a]iukt6d fqrthe mwiJUkoiiftli^
tic^ aD4 benevolepce^jilidj^lMflftlBg/aUi^
iRgs ofow nature. . -Ipie Ri^ts^^O: tii^ Poonaife indidd^jteAi
of oiosi serious can^, i^wi-troquit'e^: ln«R •esptidalidegitis/'pMU
lotion. and 4upppr|;^.!.i)irot,.'lbitt^ aftatradlMly speaUhf^vtliii;^
can be.copsideir^d 9fi^.xiflmt wtitkfl ftoh/Boipedl^ icbc iamdm
worthy of strenuoi^ipaiiAtenaiice tl^anthei^gh'ts oibltianqhd
bMtth^^, when thelo^i^rtiM^^'tatt^ndaiHdti'pon |xl«^^ aril
revie^^ed^ when th^ privi(ttan« inseparably incident to it ^uoohittf
ajppreei^tedf it will appear a iQlfr«videntlpoopoftiliany«}»i4)t^
tioD frgi^ which bq oiQ^^wiV 6tek,to jiibaeati iaiid iUSek>aaerj(,
mind equitably t^ipfii^i^ will ili^v^

that to uphold and defend thejustxdtimsaf the'lpdoffiunadl.
which coippisatmillKs aA|ijM^ilw
^ Caif . lUv. Vol. II. N^ember, 1815. 3 O

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4y6« Afmcfcinontke Sighi^i^the Pmt, tyLct^'

attajntbk by poor suiton, under tde anthorify cf'flne^'
Itenry'the fieventh.
. -.iU'iiMherlfcnceof the humane pTovisions, and to cheek a*
far- as may be possible anj abuse of these statutesi the JMdffem
of the respective courts have deemed it prudent to lay doMrH
parCaiii. rules and regulations for the gOfvcrnment of cases U^
whiohiihey apply. In addition to the odth already mentioned^
tW pauper must have a eounsel-s hand to his petition, certifying
tbat-he co)nceives the petitioner hath good cause of action. ^' H#
pay veo^^er oosts, though he pays none; for the counsel «n4
flesksr 9Ke bound to give tbeir labours to fctm) but nettohui
aniligbnial.'' No contract or agreement can legally be made
£or^yfreyi«idQrrecompenoey speedy or ultimate, to the^oun^
§«k or pther officers appointed for the pauper/^ ' Aninfiractioa
<pf this^rule renders the latter liable to be dispaupered, and the
fonherto'^be punished discretionally. << The counsel, clerk, at
attorney, Hssigned to aid and assist the paupier, either to prose*
CjHite} or defend, cannot legally refuse so to do, unless he spe^
dM\y satisfies the court that he hath good reason for such
Defusat.' A party may be admitted to sue or defend at any time
pending the suit; and if,, pefidenie lite^ it h made to appear to
^0 ^tisfoetion of the court, that he becomes of such ability
Itiat he ottj^bt not to be in^brma paiQierM, the court will dis**
paupeffhim/' But if a plaintiff commenee his suit, or a d^
fendant appear to process, as a dtoes, or as one competent to
pay, and. during the proceedings be reduced to poverty, " he
ijnust givie good security by recognizance in the sum of 401, to
ans^ver t})e costs already incurred, before he can be admitted to
continue the contest in forma pauperis*'' When a pauper is
v^ixatioushe may be dispaupened. And it seems decided, that
U.a»plaintfciraiie.as a dioaf, and sufier nonsuit, he cannot bring
A.a6QfKid> action for the same cause in forma pauperis, befoie he
IJheABPttv the*<xpenses of the first* Though had he sued orqp«
nsdJy^^it a pauper, non-payment of costs 'would be no bar.*
.•"'Hi^ng'given a brief sketch of the Ibws at present in exist-
ttnce fof Ma rendering of justice ^ttdinabte by the poor, we
pr(>ee^(l'io state the motives and obj[eict8 of tUb publication be**
foi^e^s, to the due underi^tanding of Which it forms a necessary
intr^nluction. The motives are, commisseration and charity;
tJtie"i^bjects, improvement and reform*. In. the course of his
D^f^lfjohes and experience, Mr«. Mtochin has found many inc(mr
M9i^lK»$ attached to the present system:, some have arisen
fffiea tbft system itself, some Aront unavoidable accident, ehan^a

f .TeniLRe]^.U|p;

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#C ctf!9imMlU|Mce% and ipbstrueting. co-exiating laws. The t|^
rit and principle of the acts of Parliament abovet-meniioned^
unquestionably are* to supply tl)e deficiencies of peeuniary
ywaXy by opening fresh facilities to remedial justice | to equaU
ize the several ranks of the community, so far ^ the enjoyment
and prosecution of rights are concerned ; to make affluence
and indigence of ilo differential cpnsequence^ — to promote tlie
common happiness by giving universal protection. This spirit
wd this pun(:ipley these ends and these inducements^ surely
deserve the unremitted attention of all mep in all ages. ^
iifiifectSi .originally overlooked, stlU remain unsuppli^d, if time
9xA the mutations of society be found to have lodged new
impediments in the way of an effectual and comprehensive
difiiision of these benefits, the best talents cannot be misem-r
ployed, the soundest judgment cannot turn aside from its legi«r
timate path, in devising means and projecting plans for the
diminution of the evil, and for the accommodation of the law to
the increasing necessities of the community. Defects hav(j
long attended, impediments still retard, the operation of th«
))ranch of our legal code in question, and Mr. Minchin has de-
dicated his talents and judgment to the laudable objects^ of
rectifying the one and removing the other.
. Among the observation on the obstacles to the due efficiency
pf the law^ the following are particularly worthy of notice.

'' It hath been shewn that the statute of Geo. II. respecting
defendants limits the allowance to five pounds; but for suiton
there does not appear to be any legislative limit of allowance : and
it does not occur reasonable^ that the suitor should be denndated
even so low as ten pounds before he is permitted to have the benefit
of the remedial statute under consideration. If he is too poor to
bear the expence, he is in the language of the ]Hreamp]e^ tmabU t#
am far his remedy y and although he should be possessed of effects
worth one hundred pounds, there seems no good cause why he*
should expend in law that substance which might be justly apr
plied to the support of his family 5 or, why he should not baye
the benefit of the statute upon clearly shewing tliat he has not
the ability nor power to sue according to the laws of the land
for redress of injury, without impoverishing his family ; and be*
coming burdensome to the parish ; or in other words, if he is
possessed of one hundred pounds, must he dissipate ninety-five
pounds before he can assert his rights } The tenn of law is in
formd pauperis, and the courts might> it is conceived, admit a man .
00 to sue belorehe becomes really a pauperr But admitting tho
principle to be just upon whuh the deeisions of oar eoarts have
peen jregulated, and. that it should continue an indispensabter^
guisite tot each person suing in form4po*ip^is, to swear himself

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4t» atnckm m^ 9igfU$ i^Ube Ftmr^bf iMt.

not worit) five or ten poinds or even a krmr eum^ (eselmrt'Pie ^
the matter ki questino, and after all his debts are paiidy) a tempt*
atiOD to penury might induce unprincipled persons to rioliito
and abuse th^ provision, by unduly admitting creditors colluaiirely
to claim or demand what does not belong to them, but ^hi(^
claims and demands the suitor might choose to admit for the pur*
pose of qualifying him to sue as a pauper, and impose on the
courts indulgence^* although it would not be easy to detect the
Reception.

*' Another manifest inefficacy in the regulations and practice of
vnr courts appears in reference to the appointment of ODUosel,
attorney, or clerk, who it is said cannot legally refiise when a^
pointed, to- aid and assist the pauper, without aasigaiag speeial
leason for suck rtftual. What might be considered by the cowi
as special or good reason, would be in the judgment or discretion
of the court, and the consequences of such refusal would be viaiiod
by the court^s displeasure. But when it is considered that sucb
counsel, attorney, or clerk, are to render advice and assistance
without fee or reward, it cannot be presumed that the court would
inflict summary or severe punishment on a professional man, for
hesitating to do that gratis whereby he seeks his own subsistence,
and the support of his Himily. And it cannot create surprize that
that he should perform indifferently what he undertakes relnc*
tantly. So that, although counsel, attorney, and clerk, Bhoold
be appointed for the pauper, there appears no certainty of obtaii^
ing the full advice and assistance necessary for advancing the claima
to justice, in pursuing his rights, or seeking redress for his
wrongs. And hence it is that a case instituted in formd pauperis
tarely arrives at issne, and the ends of justice are seldom by that
toode successfully obtained. There is a liberality peculiar U^
persons, who have had the benefit oF an enlai^ed and compre*
nensive edtrcacion which influences their conduct in any depait^
aaent in life wherein they may be placed ^ and althoogh there wiS
be found in the practice of the law, indhidvals who tfii^graee it, tit/t
instanoes are too few to bring o^robriiMtt on the whole profeatio&
TI^ Mkvwing has been testified: a speculative attorney was aip^
pointed at his own suggestion to conduct the suit of a pauper,
%yho placed in his hands the only five pounds he had in the worH
ior the purpose of obtaining some official doeuuftents to elucidate
Ids right to the matter in question. The attorney kept the fife
}»ound8 and deserted his client, alledging that he could not prose*
cute the suit without advancing money, and that such assist*
«aee would sutjject him to the penalties of hwrettf and nuMe'
mtnce,'* treated of hereafter. Other cases of deli^ed or defeated
justice are instanced hi the foUowingehaptc^.*^

■ ...I I ■

• For |ha4vrow^ parpoM of pievsotin^ f rirolout aad Ttwrtwis |>Mic«Ddufi»
thelcDdlng orfurnisbiDg of moucy to advance a cause to adjudication, (csIm
Biaintenance, in our legal language) is eicpressly prohibited tk)thby itatateiil
€aa»naitffrittdbrteiy heavy p^Mnues«<-'-AfiT^

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jMSteAiii M tke lti!slU9<^HiePti0r,^y lAw. 4tr

* InMT CMcs MMed to in the last aentetice of thisparagn^ht
Amply corroborate the general position Mr. MTnchin seeks to
tetablish^ andj united with the unquestionable truth of thes6 re^
m^u'ks, call loudly for legislative intervention* They are se-
lected^ not from an individual district^ not from an isolated
county^ not from two or three counties merely, but from a mul-
titude of counties, from the most populous, most flourishing^
$md most wealthy divisions of the country. They are well au-
thenticated instances of successful oppression and defeated jus-
tioe ; and tlie stock of misery they farm might easily be aug-
iMOted. They dearly demonstrate, that a party is very fre«
qneatly ia cirottmstances to which die sjmii of the law appKes^
but is toldl^ precluded from its advantages, because unable,
without perjury, to take the oath prescribed by its letiety and
tvhich the courts of law and equity always enforce. An indi-
vidual, for example, possessed of property to the amount of one
or two hundred pounds per antiuin, which is wholly absorbed
by the inevitable and continued necessities of himself and a nu-
merous family, with respect to pecuniary demands unconnected
^ith these purposes^ is undoubtedly ii^ the condition of a pau-
pe«« If hmi or accident require him to i4>peal to the law, hie
aituation and the insufficiency of tus fmids place him within the
essential meaning of thes. tatutes emcted for privileging jyoor per*
sons to sue in formd pauperis^ Yet, as he cannot cooseieix<*
tiously swear that, independent of his wearing apparel, he is
worth no more than five pouiods, he is legally disqual^ed to
petition for the benefit of those statutes. Shut out from their
provisioBs, destitute of personal resources, wherewith to par«-
tfaasetbe customary process and the assistance of professiond
adyice, his rights become annihilated, and he falls a victim to
the triple grievance of n^alice, defencelessness, and poverty.
Such cases, the occurrence of which is too evident and too re-
peated to be denied, together with the amazing alteration in the
value of money, will suggest to every one capable of sympathiz-
ing with distress the justice of Mr. Minchin's object, and
i{mk powerfully to the legblatnre in favour of a revision of the
laws i-efevred to.

The outlines of the proposed remedy we shall state in the ex-
|dictt l«»guage of the originoL After a brief exoDdium, equally
dialUMiiiaiied for enlightened seotiment and exemplary humi^
kdty, Mc Mmchtti tluu proceedar- *^

^ A hoardo£ comtnissioiiers^coostitnted of leading and emhieoi
oven in the profiasaion of the )mw, mi^ht be delegated by the exe-
caXiice govemmt^ of the couatcy# ttnoer the sanetioa o£ ibf» J^jfis*

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4^0 Jlliiic^<mA^Jt<9J^ii^<i)p|t0a^

kJ»i»,toi8ke Into maivar^ocmmA^tBiwaibcc^aa^ of p(^
claiming the benefit of the kws a9 euitors^ or m^inti^iiuiig tl^eijr
rights as defendants. Such a board might be empowered to call
for evidence^ oral and documentary^ on the part of the pietitioners,
and upon duly considering all th« matters of fact prodi4pe4| and
substantiated or disproved^ mighi report their opinion on the case
so Investigated. Probably it would be found req^uisite to appoint
a limited number of solicitors or attornles to belong to aucli k
Boai^, and to act agreeably to the Board's instructions and direc-
tions upon such report. A variety of subordinate provisions anj
regulations would probably be requisite^ and might be shapeif
agreeably to such enactments as the L^slature in its wisdom
might contemplate as necessary to give effect to such a measure
and the objects of the Board to be so constituted under its aasc*
tion and authority.

" In aid of the same purposes, it would also become indispen-
sably requisite to provide a fund, or to legalize the contributive pe^
cuniary aid of individuals, to advance or defend the rights of such
}ioor suitors ot- defendants, and to defray all the costs^ charges^ and
expenses incidental thereto.*'

j'

In illustration of the probable vntue of such an ibstltotion,
Mr# M, very aptly appeals to the known and experienced utility
of the " Society for Relief of Persons imprisoned for Small
Debts/' On the subject of the fund recommended in his pUuii
he observes^ that—

*' The contributors to the fund might form a separate institu<*
tiorl^ with truBt^«s> a treasurer^ secretary, librarian^ tiiid sabordi^
Hate officers; such fund might be denominated, * A/ufid far aid*
ing poor persons to prosecute, artd drfend their rights^ at law and m
equity.* The appropriation should be under Strict controul } and
it might be advisable, in every instance of advance of money from
such fund, that a committee of the other institution should report
on the justice of each applicants case ; and such other institution
might be called, J national establishment f of promoting, prosecui^gt
and defending the rights of the poor to refnet^ and redress at lam**

Regulations are then submitted for the conduct of the pro*
oeedLDgSj viz. Previously to the undertaking of « cause. by any
barrister or attomey, '* the Be«rd of Ckmtroul should report
upop petitaoiiy that the pauper has good causct and is not of
ability to sue or defend ;"— such report might be the fovodatiQft
of an order^ to be issued by a committee or a select, tiuttiber of
directors^ directing the treasurer <*to advance the pecuniaiy
jneahs necessary for prosecution or defehce;'' or a discretfoivtry
power might be vested in the judges of the difietent courts^^ ^^ t^
refer pauper petitions to gentlemen of the bar^'* whose report^

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if favotlnible) shcmld be; goM gt<mtti'bf » jodie lal order for (>to^
seculion or defence $ upon whidtordef V it. might be dedared
legal to aid the pauper with' pecuttfal^ means/'

•"' If thought expedient," sayiMi'. ^liiMihiti, « a Court might be
instituted for the express purpose of considering cases wherein
p&iupers are intereisted^ or such cases might be referred to one of'
ab of the Courts proportionably^ afeoording to the state of public
business in eAch Court 5 in which 'Case the Court of Exchequer
V^ould probably be found to possess the most leisure for consider^
ihg such cases; or one Judge of ' each' Cburt -might be effectual,
einier to sit collectively or individually/ as occasion might requins
and leisure admit : and from that'declsion an appeal might lay to
a superior court | probably that wo^Uldbe piteferred out of which
the process issued. . < ..

*' in country cases barrister^ latflgfat he locally vested with au-
thority to consider the petitions of patipers^iiiid upon hearing evi-
dence to report thereon ; and in manner before stated an order of
court might issue. This would afford far more conclusive evi-
dence of the poverty than th^ sol6 'A!fe&avit bt the pauper^ as is the
present practice 5 the affidavit of poVerlrf mflglit be dispensed with,
or, if continued, as in preseht wa^tl(?^,^lhe' pauper forswearifig.
himself would be liable to the ^alltii^koil^perjury -, and the repoit
would be the basis upon whiidi ' hfe*lveieriSions would be esta^
biished. Cases being thiis subottt^^.^fad reported on, luuch HtH
gation encouraged collusively Mipresetoftiby i)ritl(te aid> would b«
effectually restrained, and just^ lyoul^ be prompted. The court
or courts might be authorized to certify the necessity and nature
of proofs, and might issue orders, to send for witnesses, and com-
mand the production of records or office copies ; the costs and
expense whereof, upon shewing such order to the treasurer, mighj
be paid out of the fund, as well as the legal stafnp duties and all
official fees 3 at present it is whoUy impossible for ftuch evidence
to be obtained, in cases where the expense cannot be paid. * "

** In all cases of success, on the part of a pauper suing for hii
rights, it might be made a rale of^the establishment that sucl^
suitor should contribute to the fanfLproporSonablf to the acquisition
gained ; it might be also adviseable, in order to protect the pau»
pei^'s 'antagonist, against vexatious costs, that the treasurer or Som^
other officer of the establishment should give securily for costs, bf
entering into a recogniaance dn the same manner as «t presenl
the ruli^ of court, require the pauper to .do, and this w^buld pre*
vent imposition and embarrassment,

^' In many instances it would be fo|ind t^ai, upon a favourable
report of the pauperis right, Tii$ opponent would be induced tp
cpmpromise or relinquish the contest j qr to court a termination
of the dispute, by submitting to ah aWaid'uipon arbitration, >Yhicli
Is a mode of a4]ustment frequently fouild bieneficial in ordinary
in^ac^^ of dispute. Numerdua cas^ ^IroM Ans ht dedtd^d, ^*
Crit. Rjbv. Vol. II. ffwember, 1815. 3 P

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Mfe Minclm Mtkf^glm^Jife'P^m'y bg Law.

ti§ftMto»ily'to t&e |»iiti«t toAwmei, witii less pnfflt to^e la#fe^
jkM fcQB to Goon9el> aftd !e^«&ptii0e to the vosaecessfttl lil»ff»wt^
but flubfltontiol justice rwouldififfictwally be aitaiii€d#an4 mufih «val
dbviated. Paiochial burdens would be considerably tessened by a
restoration of prop^y toltbe.H^t o\vnen(, who are not jomfre-
quently objects of cbiirity) crimen >vould dimioish, because dj^t
^:ould relicTe necessity i aivl those to whom justice wouM be ^4*-
piinistered would, in some instances, be enabled to contribtite to
the relief of others ; many of the public receptacles for insane amd
needy persons would have fewer appliccints and inmates, and the
unhappy, who are entitled. 'to tbe benefits of such instltuftkms,
would have the opportonity of seeking redress againat irimses, Ibr
which they have at present- no remedy, becauae no meaaa legally
to seek it/ The right tO'ChnnteUe donation* by beciuest miglit be
maintained by the legitimate aid of charity ; and poor ^efoodaDta
at law, in custody for debt^w^d be enabled to maintaia or de*
fend causes, instead ofji-sufifering nonsuits or judgments to pass
against them."

Such are the outlines of a measure, prompted by benerolcnce,
supported by sound sepseji sanctioned by true policy. In can*
vassing its nieiits, it cannot but be seen, that it promises to
give real and substantial effect £o the designs of our ancestors,
to widen the contracted opei^ion of the statute of Henry the
Seventh, to renotate iti spirit, and exalt it in power and prac-
tice, to what Mr. Minditn emphatically denominates it, the
MiiGNA Chahta of the Pooa of England. Many are the
deeds of oppression, many the scenes of distress, which the
mcn^ and equity of such a plan would tend materially, perhaps
totally, to prevent. . Under the benign influence of its reign,
the arrogance of wealth would lose Its agency, the tynumy a^
power become suspended, and the malignity of fraud cease to
act. Justice would be more impartially administered, because
law would be more easily accessible. Rights would be more
precious, because titeir shield would be more ample. Thus
sustained, thus fenced round, by the inestimable safeguaMl of
an all-protecting jurisprodence, the great commonwedtb oC
the British nation <rbuM eftjoy that happiness which notlung
can bestow, but' comit^iinion of rights and communion of re*
dress. Honest p6vertyj^ "Weighed down ii^ith suffering, might
f!;en consolte ftself with thcbheering reflection, that the op-
pressor was working ^onlv to' his own ruin; and that, though
wrong might prevail for a time, its punnhmcnt w*as not distant.
And, when the just claims of the poor were effectually vindi*
cated in the combat with power, the noUe mtxim of our muni*
cij)al code, that the law is no respecter of p«rsons> would receive
every iilttsUatfon<^¥4a<iliil id Msceptible. !

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^Wete ftfie fcfonnatioci' so MrtAsihc9,ted by Mr.MiftcMn4e
hr reaiissM) itis sufiictetidjr maBife^t, thi^ the lam mlteiAicA^
maiHtenOfieewmld become ^ 'd«iid'let^.» ' This i? e thMc de^^
sMbte^ mi&t any and Itli Arm^§tMtes: Tlife rich are not af <-
fectdl t^ thetn: — ^they tend tidt to'i^eitt^sb Vescattous orlH^u^
^n^eedittgs^ where the cdnflicl febetw^eh' persons of opttlerice*
Xhe poor^ and the poor alone'^ ttre ihe objects on which they
pperfit^. And what is the effect produced ? Do they prevent
unjust, actions, or do they stifle the assertion of rights? Do
ttiey bridle the vice of litigiousness, or do they lock up the vir-
tue of ^oetfnpassion? We have no heisitatiott in affirming, that
their trae operation is described in the latter portions of these

ideations* But the evil they ftre tnttodedto cure, (suppoaing
^%o exist) is infinitely less than -tbt^ good they preclodei and
the grievance they are established to crush 'is nought in compa*
rison to the justice they cut off. • ' ■

Mr. Minchin's volume merits the perusd of all interested in
the present question j and we trust liis labours will meet their
reward in legblaUve exemplification. H,

Art. V. — Journal of a Cruise nmde to the Pacific Ocean, by Captain
David Porter, in tlit Unite4 States Frigate, Essex, in the^ Years
3812, 1819, and 1814. Containing ^Descriptions of the Cape di
Verd Islands, Coasts of Brazil, Patagonia, Cltili, and Peru, and of
the ^Oalipagos Islands; also, a full Account of the fVashington

' groupe of Islands, the Mdnnets, Custdms, and Dress of the InhabU
tants,'S(0, 8fc. Illustrated kith fhiateteH Engra^itifs. 2 voLn
Bradfbnl and laskeep, Phikd^l{iUa. 181$*

jLuB An)qr!can ships oif war during our last contest with the
United States, whatever might be th?ir size and weight of met^
tie, were, by Americans^ denominated frigates. We are well
informed by British naval officers, th^f some of these frigates
were of force equal to a Britisli fifty; gun sl^ip, Qf this descrip**
tion was theEsseiu Tlieir skip, S^rmd^at, was of burthei^t
guns smd n^n, equal to ^ur , tl>ii;d/rat4^ of the line. Our ^-^
pient Lords of the Admiralty > s^ut. o^t,.litendly> frigateSf wA
even slooi^ ^fu^r to cpp(^.^id^ tb^aa, ' it h»s been sometimea
a pigmy conteiiidingr^gain&ta^g^fe An instance of this oa^
cttrrediakQ<MaQMH£Mre Rogenr'agolio^t battle with tlie aloipp
LittfeBdltj b«twhe;p-thev fairly jQi^: their ecjual, what was
the i8sue2--^lcK)k.%t:Jth^(^ont(^l^t]Ptr^n the Shannon and the
Chesapeake Wet ^9uld:not>:bi>if px tiietr* insolent vauntings^
iiave noticed these b^^^^w$.^^mf^\m^ iHuatdined that

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484 €!afiffi^Pprlf(^0^^

never J save in the'laltf9r,.^(anf^e^d]d tbey meet Qs mtiimiil
a decided superiority io.tonoag^guoB^ and crew; though erea
then so greatly supenprfdidftJ^ieQiesapeake appear^ that ^^tfae
select men of Bofton'.' v^nt^ed (Miiside of their harbo^f to
witness the aheady ^etfl^ capture of the English frigate, bav-
ing previously ordesed a dinnef to honour their contemplated
copquering couotfym^* . |[t i$ further worthy of remark, that
after the Engiish had ^at^n their greatly outnumbering eaemy
aword in hand, ^o4: *^^ '^I>ip3 9teeied towards Halifax, tfae
said i^elect men fostered., tlxe idea of a cJiasef and when no
longer visible, still hoped f^ Uiey. should not eat their mutton
cold/' ,, .•....':: I- •

Csqptain PorterVlong #pd jUigkNTioas << cruise," is already
teeU appreciated by the wor^. f -JHe commanded one of these
heavy ships of war, {tbpi Et^nymi writhing under diagraee
and defeat, he determined, on his release from captivky, to
make a book of his exploits, ile^ had on board what our sea-?
men call a ^< roving commission," and in the literal sense of tiie
word he proved a rover. ][i\ pla^e of searching his enemy in
European seas, or among the Caribean Islands, where he might
have met an enemy worthy to cope withal, he doubled (Upe
Horn and dashed into the Pacific $ while the capital of his
country was smoking In Us own ruins. When he ought to
have been defending his native coast, he made war upon our
defenceless fishermen, and became the partisan and champion
of one weak set of IndiaiiiS against their neighbouring tribe.

Upon the latter exploit, ere we examine his **' cruise," it
will be well to quote the^ opinion of his own countryman, a
fellow labourer of pMrfl.* .«vQU' Captain Porter's book, this re-
viewer observes :

. "The war with the Typee^iX^^P^e of these weak tribes) we most
strongly protest agaio^t.* ^Csftain Porter has, with great /aimew,
stated all the motives that engaged him reluctantly in the expe-
dition against them, and the evil^ that followed to those unfortu-
nate natives j he was placedrin aii arduous and critical situation,
and his conduct shoWd ther^fftVe/be judged with reference to all
the circumstances. We thiffls^ the^cotirse he took was a great er-
ror in judgment. ' iDdepeiiderrtly^of aH considerations rtspeetiiig
his right to wa^e war wit^thsltfi^e, the imminelit haaoaivl to
which he exposed hioteelf andfjijs'meii in that pevilaaa mndertak-
iDg, was of greater. ira(kMaik0tlidB.ihe object he had to aoocmi-
^lish. If Jthey had allperlshmi» and from his relation it is wonder-
fill tb^t they e§(^Q4ii thft. h^ ^> J^h^ir country and theiaaelve^

• North An«dP9aft«i9«i]feo4(«iw M* B» Mij^ msr.

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Captm» Pwf^^ JfimfA iH

monMhwe bten much more sieriauf th«xi th^e 4^tn^ctl^a of .)i||
prizes (whalers and smi^gglers) whiclf it wa^ o|ie qthis pb^ecis Ip
prevent,"

liaying thus exhibited the opinion of Captatn Porter's conrt^*
trj'man on his first combat in South America, we torn to bi$
Journal; which, in parts, is descriptive of that far distant coun^f
try, and the manners of its inhabitants. The work contains
some useful nautical observations. He first lands at PortO
Praya, in the Island of St. Jago, a Portuguese settlement ; fe^
garding which he says,

** At nine o* clock in the morning of the 88th, I waited on hit
B^ceTleney the Governor, accompanied by some of my officers.
He was engaged at the time on some business at the custont**
turase, as I was inforsaed, and could not be seen until about 11 s
the second in command, however, (Major Medina,) whp spoke
such English as he was enabled to pick up from the captains
(skippers) and crews of such American vessels as touched at the
Isle of Mayo for salt, where he was governor, entertained us durr
ing|the interval, making offers of his services in procuring the
supplies, of which we gave liim a list ; and after making the ne-
cessary arrangements, and fixing on the jirices, we waited on the
governor, whom we found at his house, dressed in all his splea«
dour to receive us. His reception was of the most friendly na-
ture, and I am persuaded he was much pleased to see us in his
pobb. I informed him that as the Portuguese were the allies of
Great Britain, I had entertained doubts whether he would feel
authorised to give us protection against a British force, should ii
appear ^ but so aopn as he had granted permission for us ^ enter
the port those doubts were removed.^ He expressed nmch regret
that the war had deprived them of the advantages arising from the
American commerce, as they had been cut off from all their supr
plies^ and were now destitute of bread and every other comfort of
life, except what the island afforded^ which consisted vof Ihre stocl|
imd fruit."

This American captain and his officers were lepeatedly ret
galed by tlie treacherous Portuguese governor; and such wat
his extreme suavity, that he apologized to his guests for the
^* scanty dinner '' he gave then). Yet in the next i>aTagraph
Capt. Porter says, that hii ship was fully provisioned by tni^
same governor out of his "scanty** means, with beef, pigs,
fowls, turkeys^ goats, &c.«— not less than one hundred thou-

' '" ■ 111 1 r. . 1 ...

• We believe this to be the Srst oommimicalSoii te a British fiM^ tff • 9t^
the Prince I(fi^ent sf ^omi^aLr-IUv.

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jflC Captain Porter's Jtmrmit

•and onmg^s, large quantities of oocoa nuts, pbtntains,; lenMms^
Kmes, t!assida, &c. &c. ; nay, the meaoest of his seamefi fcad
mi goats and pet monkies ; so tliat when the enemy sailed "vick
tbe fruits of our ally's services to hinii ^^ the ship bore no^ilifcht
iresemblaivee^ ^s respecting different kinds on board, to N'otili'4
4irk/'

We hiave ne^^t a description of the town of Praya ; wbich
pontains not more than thirty white people ; the rest of tti^
population consists of slaves and free negroes^-^the whole piot
more than three thousand, of whom about four hundred axe
soldiers. The officers of this ragged band, (they are des<:riliefl
m being destitute of clothing from the waist upwanby) sMre
three or four, are mulattoes, and thechiqplainis aoegio. Their
«rms are, muskets without locks, or stocks, barrels tied to the
broken parts, with a leather thong, or a cord, made of the fibres
ef the eoeoa nut. These, our sable allies, are frequentfy seen,
jpftris natftraUims '^ mounting guard, shouldering a musket barrel
only. Their cavalry were in a corresponding style, mouiited
on jackasses, and armed with broken swords/*

This is not to be wondered at, if it be true, as Captain P&rtcf
usserts, that the garrison had received neither pay, nor cloa^h-r
ing from its government during the last ten years. The bat-
teries are in a similar state of neglect; and the visiting captain
declares, that ^^ Port Praya could be tak^n^ amd ev^ry gun
•piked, by thirty men.'* .

The island of Fernando de Noronha, was the next friendly
plaee he touched at, and also a colony of his enemy tbe said
ally of Great Britain. His description of this horrid place b so
truly singular that we give it in his own words.

• '* It is in lat. 3. 54. 28 south, and long. 3S. 36. 38. It is wett

fortified in every part, and its population consists of a few miser-
able> nekedt exiled Portuguese, and as mSserable a guard. The
governor is changed every three years, and during hhi tenas of
service in the island has the privilege of disposing of its produce
to his own emolument. Cofflein abundanee* hoga, gDats> fowls,
Ac. may be had there, as well as corn^ melons, cocoa nu|s, gic. tk^
Ships freiifUently toucti here for refreshment, wopd» and water*
but for seven mouths prior to the arrival of the Afosto^. ^one-had
been there. There ircre m> females on the island, and none are per-r
initted there, from what motive, I cannot conceive, except it be to
render the place of exile more horrible."

. We-bayelately had occasion to execrate the crodpffaoticeofa
people^, who put to death their female oflspring;* but Ursilpp^

\'JI 11 f» J' ■ H II I Mil I 111 1 rf I

• |^eflMl« Infikaticldei lee Critical Beview lor i^uly> \%i^ . . .

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Gaptain^ Porter' a Jowffml^ 4l|f'

^Iwse murders the men procured wives^ fvom anoiberiMioii^ M
tHak the great work of propagation went on ; here nought bwA
giaom most pervade these isolated males, and under their weaif
vefisifaroements, the race of man must there soon hecoine exr^
tinot. / Still move extraordinary is the obseryatioDy that

^' This island is undet* tolerable good cultivation^ and produces
til^ir principal supply of vegetables. There is no boat in the is-
fiiiid ; an abundance of fish may be procured \tith little trouble
-^th. llhe hook and line. As cloathing is not in use h^re ; ashungei'
may be gratified without labour -, and as there is an appearance^
4f^ ehearfuifien, those Who are not m chains, may be supposed, in
0CMM lueaMire, reconciled to a state as good peihapa as any thef
had iormerly.heen aecustomed ta"

This chearjiibiess we should call the very aeme of wretched^
jiicss; but the trade in human flesh— ^the B\yect slavery ia
which the writer's countrymen keep their fellow men^ reeoA^t
eiles him to a perfect sangfroid on these matters. He merely
calls it, (by way of libel on the humanity of Englishmen,) tM
tmserable Botany Bay of Portugal.

Proceeding in this career of glory, the captain observes
that,

*' It was with no little joy we now saw ourselves /tfirty in the
Pacific Ocean^ and calculating on a speedy end to ait our sufieiv
iitg0:*-^ve'begaa also to form our projects for annoying the enemy,
4md had already equipped in imagination one of tkdr vessels of
14 or L6 gun6» and manned from the Essex, to cmise against the^
commerces (fisheries) } indeed various were the schemes we formed
at this time for injuring them, and had in fancy immense wealth
td ret4tm with to <>ur covntry/*

This castle building in nuhibm, proved a greater disaster
1^ the projectors than that which befe) the speculative market^
girl with her eggs, or the farmer's dame with the basket of
croekery'^all met with bmken fortunes — these* redummg Yakt-
keys lost their ship, and returned to their homes prisoners of
war, after having been stript of their meanly-gotten spoil, feel-
iii^ the vengeance of their insulted enemy. They '^ left thdr
gofden marli: in bed/* Next to the French, the Americans
iare the greatest boasters in the world. They acquired their
vaurUings from the gasconade of their former allies, the subjects
of the decapitated Louis; and it still remains an odious na-
.liMal trait in their charaoter.

. Tbis'spectdattve voyi^ to the latitudes of the fisheries wa^
lometimea prosperous; <^ Every hour/' obaefves thtet^aptain^

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4m Os^iiaMJ^orlrrV.JlcMw^

*^ Bceitieil to hni^kten dur prMpeots ud g«4re tts^Anlr ^liriM^
bat sMii the doods lowiered, die winds howled ftam difleveiil
points^ and the sea roHed mountatiss hig(i'--^ii &e^ tiiey'luM
well nigh been spared aH opportnnity of legitimate fighting
Tlie elements seemed ready here to put an end to tbm
** cruise.** In detailing these perils, Captain Porter ^itlu](£^eSL
Iiimself in many descriptive pages, of that which we hav^ l>e^
told an hundred times-^tbe perils of a. storm at sea, l^ej
ware> however^ spared for retributive justice^ and favonypj i -tff
meet, hand to hand, their insulted foe. ,.^

The skonn passiog over, Captain Porter proceeds in his «ar^*
mtivewith some useful inf oitnntion to mariners^ who msyvb*
tempt to double Cape Hom^ and wfaicb we extract. •

" htt before i pfoeeed tether, as this >Miraa] -mtty icoid^litallf
ftll into other hatidd^ I shall tidee an oj^portunity of offering aouMf
bints to those who may succeed me in attempting the paMage
around Ca|fe Horo.; and this I feel myself the more authorized Co
do, as we have effected it in perhaps a shorter time, with less
damage, and labouring under more disadvantages, than any others
who ever attempted it -, and that too by struggling, at an unfa*^
TouraUe season of ths year, against a constant succession Qf vn»
favourable and violent gales of wind. And I am the more strong^
induced to offer these hints, conceiving it to be of the utmost im-
portance to aarlgtttion, to give any inforination, derived from
eKperience, which may tend to enable navigators to overcome the
obstacles whkh nalnre Seems designedly to have placed, to deter^
mankhid from all attemi^ts to penetrate ftom the Atlantic So tha
Ruciiie Ocean-^ and as various opinions have been given on tiM'
subject, my opinion may differ from that of others In varioua
points : but as my measures have proved successful in the end,
and my opinion is not to be founded on mere eoi^jecUtre and hy-
pothesis, it is to be presumed that it may deserve the attention ot
seafMfen, to whom alone it is intended.

*' In the first place 1 must caution them against thof^ eHMl
neotts expectations, which the opinion of La Perouse is unhappily
calculated to lead them into, and perhaps has proved Mai to liMuiy
ships, by inducing their commamlers to believe that the pasMgt
around Cape Horn is attended with no other difficulties than those
to be met with in other high latitudes, and thereby causing them
to neglect taking those necessary precautiofns which the salety of
their ships and the lives of those on board require. He says, to
use his own itords, • I doubled Cape Horn with much moTC ease
thiih'i'had dared to imagine ; I am now cowvmefed that this navf*
gjltioti fe lik^ those of all W^ latkndes f the-dtfficaMMi* WbMi afs
expected to be met with are the effects rtf an <M prt^ndk^, wMsib
^hoitld ho kmjger eiList, and which the reading et'AMmi^ ^^^^fH^
bfSi hpt 4 little cMirihuted to pneserve aawag seeniev/ Oft ii»'

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ObpAsoi wcftef*^ JirafKCir#' 4R^

«Htl0«r JainavpLa Pttvnne ent«nd«4he 8trei^$ of Le M«iier
^isd <m<th«,4^ihQf Fabtuat^lie was io Uie-Paotfic^in the iMkrulla)^

#X>,Mv.^Feights of MayUafl^ making bis passage iu fourtcea
^yj$. ;.Qn.,t^e I3th of Eebmiiry X paHsed the Streighta of Le
J^/fsiSs^y aiid was in the latiUide of tliose of. Magellan on the S6tb4
making; a passage iu thirteen days^ a little more than a month
later in the season than he passed the Cape^ and cis my pcissage
against such violent gales was made in one day less than his« I am
rffc * a loss to conceive what should have occasioned his delay. I
l^ve fhe utmost respect for the memory of that celebrated circum-
navigator, and regret that I should have cause to differ with him
in opinion in any point, and particularly in one of so much 'im«
portoBOS IU the redoubliog Cape Horn from the east. Indeed;
ampk as has been the infgrmatios he has given on any other sub*
ject that has come under his notice, I am almost induced to be-
lieve that many of bis observations «n this;matter have been sup*
pressed by bis editor, and that the remark is the effect of national
pt^ttdioe, which ever will exist/' }

We pause in a smile at aa American . tmcing a FrcDchmaJi
with PRBJUDicB. Englishmen may have their prejudice^i^'^
they have some reason to pride them3elves upon their country.
But Americans assume to themselves the right of being the
greatest people upon earth — all in all, they are the first.

V The passage round Cape Horn/* continues Captain Porter^
^'firoiathe eastwanU I positively assert, is the most dangerous^
most difiicuU, and attended with more hardships than that of the
same distance in any other part of the world \ and none should at*
tempt it without using every precaution tp guard against accident
that prudence or foresight can suggest.*'

The Essex was next brought to anchor in the Bay of Valpa-
raso$ and in order to make amends for St. Jago, &c. her cap-
tain gives the following description ot* the fashionabie females
pf this part of Chili:

f '' AgreeaUy io the governor's imrltotioii, we attended his party,
wiliere we §owd a much larger and more brilliant assemblage of
Itdkei than we oould have expected iu Valparaso. We found much
f40cy and coi^sid^rable taste displayed in their dress, and many
of them, with the exception of teeth, very handsome both in per-
spn and mJb/ce ; their complexion remarkably fine, and their man->
iiers modest and attracting. This wns our first impression on en*
teriog a room, contaiai|ig perhaps two hundred ladies, to whom
we were perfect strangers. Minuets were introduced ; country
diaee» followed ; and the ladies had the complaisance and patience
ta^lkHeMpt with my officevs, what they had never before seen ia
ftajcQfgitry«i-<a..catiilioa. The^intacaeifiia of .t^air counUJ daocc
Crit. Rsv. Vol. U. November, 1815. » Q

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4M OtpeoiVi P^rter^h Jtmnmb

were too great for xa to attMipi ; tbejr wei^ grefttif Ml^bleA-itt
br those who knew them> and admhted a displaif d^tdveb-^isceu
With their grace^ their beaotjr of person and compkxipn, andl -mHh
their modesty, we were ddighted^ and could almost fimq^.^e hmd
gotten among)^ our fair countrywomen ) but in one moio«i«4 the
fllusion vanished. The balUu ih Utrra, as they are oalle^^ cgoir
aoenced : they consisted of the most graceless, and at the ^aiae
time fatiguing movements of the body and limbs^ accompanied hf
the most indelicate and lascivious motions, gradually increasing^ ill
energy and violence, until the fair one, apparently overcome widi
passion, and evidently exhausted with fotigue, was compelled tp
retire to her seat ; her rosy cheeks and fair complexion disappeared
in large drops of «ireae (pugh!) which ran trickling down fa'er nedL
and breast, and were succeeded by the yellow tinge, which nature
had bountifully bestowed. They daub themselves most lavishly
with paint ; but their features are agreeaifole, and their large daric
eyes are remarkably brilliant and expressive ; and were it not Ibr
f heir bad teeth, occasioned by too liberal use of mattil they wonld^
notwithstanding the Chilian tinge, be thought handsome, particu-
lirly by those who had been so lonj^ as we out of the way of see*
ing any women.*'

. We next meet with a story, spun through many pages^ of a
f' red haired wild Irishman/ named Patrick Watkins " whose
place will probably immortalize him.*' This poor forlorn fel-
fellow had been left some years before by an English ship, and
look op his abode upon a small spot which he called ^^the en-
chanted island,'* built himself a miserable hut, about a mile
from the landing, called after, him Pat*s Landing, in a valley
containing about two acres of land', the only' spot of the island
capable of cultivation ; on which he raised potatoes and pump-
kins, and exchanged them for rum, or ^old them for cashl He
is described as extremely wretched and degraded — with ragged
cloaths not sufficient to cover hlm^ red hair, beard matted, skin
sun-burnt : and so wild and savage in his manner and appear-r
ance, that he struck every one with horror. Several years had
this unfortunate dragged on a miserable extstiencein this deso-
late spot, without any other respite than to siuk into fprgetfill-
ness by an over indulgence in the use of ardent spirits. In this
State of insensibility he has been seen rolling among the rocks
of the mountains. Man, without the early advantage of edu-
cation, and lost to society, becomes a burtjben to himself and
degenerates beneath the dignity of his race. He becomes care-
less of life, and is driven to despair by the .rctrosi^ect of what
he once was, and the spot where^ ^iciroled by friends, ha once
resided. The MTongs this hapless mortal bad .neoeivoil, -tbd-
dered him revengeful^ and Us' imBiner WB9ii¥ag^ 4uid' itkn^
' * ■ . - . ■ V . 1

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Cuftm P0f*mH Jmnd. ^\

tefttf^T^frM beenibt 9]M>rt of m^iBy nxk uofe^livg crew» vhp
1iarlercd4hetr niin for bis potatoes and pumpkins^ . and U\^
Abused him* <Ai» Engialk smuggler having enticed Patrick am
board his ressel^ where two were anchored ck)se to each otheri
j^Vodured him a severe flogging from one to the other, Jwhich is
called ill the navy mnning.the gauntlet;) then handcuffed, and
thus tortured him to discover his concealed trieasure, of which
they despoiled him, and, finally, adding wantonness to their
cruelty, destroyed his little miserable but peaceful home. The
sequel to these acts of brutality we give in Capt. Porter's words*

" While they were bu^y in destroying his hut and garden, the
wretched b^ngmade his escape and concealed himself among th^
xocks in the interior of the island, until ihe ships had sailed, whea
be ventiured from his skulking place, and by means of an old file»
which he drove into a tree, freed himself from the handcuffa^
He DOW meditated a seyere revenge, but concealed his intentions.
Vessels continued to touch there, jmd Patrick as usual, to furnish
them with vegetables; but from time to time he was enabled, Ujr
administering potent draughts of his darling liquor to some of the
men of their crews, and getting them so drunk that they were
rendered insensible, to.caoeeld theoi until the ship had saHed :
when finding thenAelves entirely dependant on him, they willii:^
ly enlisted under hia banners, aikd became his slaves, and he the
mostabsoliite of tvrants. By this.meai^s he had augmented his
number to five including himself, and every means was Used by
him % to procure arms for them, but without effect. It is supposed
that his object was to have surprized domA Vessel, massacred he*
crew, and taken her off. While Patrick was meditating his plans,
two ships, an AmeHcsan and an Engflsh veMd, touched there; and
applied to hhn for vegetables. He ftrottHsedtilieni in great abun-
dance, provided theywonld seiNl>tliieir bodts to his landings ahd
their people to bring them from kis gankn> informing them thiat
Itis Fuoala had hoc^mM so indolent ofi laie that he qould not get
them to work. Thisi arrangement was agreed tq ^ two l^ats were
sent frcwi each yessel^^aad hauled on the beach. The crei^s ,aU
.went to Patrick's habitationg, but neither he nor any of his people
were to be found, and after waiting until their patience Was ex-
hausjted, they returned tp the beach, where they found only the
wreck of three of their boats, whfgh were broken to ' pieces- aiid
the fourth missing. Hiey succeeded; however, after much diffi-
culty, in getting round to the bay opposite to their slHps, where
other boats were sent to their relief 3 and the commanders, , ap-
prehensive of some other trick,, saw no security except in a flight
from itho island, leaving Patrick and his gang in quiet possession
'of the boat; but before they sailed they put a letter in .a keg,
giving InteUigeace of th9;affair, ^d moored it in the bay, wher^ it
•was foiind by QvM^ ^BdUfMi ^K ^^ ^^^ ^ ^^ ^^^ ^ ^^^^

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49t Captain Perter's Jiiumfik

to Patrick^B l««diDg fbr the purpose .ol^ proeniteg wtowhmfillir
VLudp aA may be eiisily< «uppo8eci» be .folt^a iittle i9qui<Awii«< ?fl9lil
her reitujrn, wheaahe bn»ugbt.hw.« l«li(ca?{£N>in PaUick ^tOu$^
following, purport.

." ' Sir^— ^I bave made repeated -application to Capta|ii9» 9i
tassels to sell me a boat, or take me from thitf placey bui n
every Instance met with a refusal. An opportunity present^ it*
•elf to possess myself of one, and I took advantage of it. I }^ve
been along tiaie etide<ivouring by hard labour and suffering ta
accumulate wherewith to mal^ inyself comfortable^ jbut mt dH*
ferent times have been robbed and maltreated^ and in a late ian
stance by Captain Paddock, (this British Skipper our iafomuuat
takes special care in a note, to tell us was a Quaker or friends) whose
conduct in punishing me, and robbing me ,of above fii^e haadml
dollars in cash and other articles, neither agrees with the principles
he professes, nor is it such as his sleek eoat would lead one to
ftcpect,

" ' On the 20th May, 1809, I sail from the enchanted islahd
in the Black Prince bound to the Marquesas. Do not kill the old
hen 5 she is now sitting and will soon have Chickens.

SigtYCd FiTtHBRLBSS OtoB&L0»/ **

Patrick sailed to Guyaqui) in his bo«t$ «iid landed (hew alonej
his comrades^ as Captain Porter says, havinf perished' for MMit
ti watef^ or been put to death by him on ^idtng , watev prow
ccarce. There he found a <' tawny damsel/' who plighted
her troth to him, and he prevailed on her to accompany him
back to his enchanted island.

This tale, thus far,, admitting this writer, like Daniel Defoe^
to. have somewhat embellished the fact, may well serve to eke
out a book of travels, and to amnse'tfae mooMent over our fire
sides at home; but'the ne&t oandiiaion iswieked in theres-
treme— disgraceful in a Christianw

It must appear, Arotti Captain Porter's view of the dark side
of human natufe, in viewing this solitafy and much abused
Irishman, that he was withal of just proporHon, athletic, and^
with the assistance of the ship's barber, atid a"S«it out of the
Captain's wardrobe, he might havie become *'a marvelto«[»
proper man/' It will also he recollected that tawfty d&msd» -
are as finely formed women as any in the world. Ndw mark'

this unthankful American conclusion*

■' ' <<

^^ This connexion (an union between Patrick and the Indi^ '
woman) may naturally l^ad us to a consideration concerning the
population of other islands^ scattered about the Pacific Octen;^'
resbecting which so' many conjectures hare hMi Ikatarded. ' f
shall only hazard one, which is briefly this : that former vegts' '
may have produced men equally hold wd daring; with Pat» aad

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aUi>tllittftot^'*^ttyAgfefe.' Atid Wh^ti ir« consider the istirt i;^h«H"
iii«j^t%e^^ptMliited'ft^ift'ii» ittitoer \^ilh a ved-Hbaeiit^d wild Irish^'^
man, and a copper-coloured mixt-blooded squaw, we need not be^
a^ IflM^'^sHrpHs^'^ t^ difieiTiH vari^^ in iiHBMm iia|ape<
— ^SoikMe fatnire navigator mar surprize the world by a discovery
csf 'th^m.-tmd hfe ^nccitaatB'of a strange people, (a race of Y&koo^»
vre '9tipj^ose)witb wtitcfa they may probably be inhabited *, and from
th^ Biiat^te fr6m which they have sprung, it does not appear un-
likely %hal l^iey will have one trait in "their character which is
copAttMm ta the native^ of all the islands of the Pacific^ a disposi-
tiMi'tb'a^ifopriateio themselves the property of others; and from
t1ii9 eit'cuinstance future spe^ators may confound their origin
with that of all the rest."

"tVnat d libel' has" Captain Ported written on his own nation*

Could he. In ]}h exultation oyer the degradation of this unfor**

tuuate Irishman, forget that from Pensylvania to Georgia, in a

tract of land of many thousand miles, his countrymen riot

in sensuality with negro women — forcing their own slaves to

submit to their lust, and then making a boast of enriching

themselves 'with- then^ own progeny, which 'thehr government

will not allow them io 'manumit, should, perchance, any have

compassioki' sufficient to indine t6 give* them freedom ? Could

he, wc twk, be ignofftut that in their tobacco and rice planta*

tions^ their fields of Indian corn, and their c6tton patches, a

motley groupe of black and yellow slaves are yoked together like

oxeiir, -dr kbotfring with thehefevy hoe, under a burning sun,

and among riie olfspriog of their own loins ! But with these

fiacts staring^hiiti in the ftoe, €aptain Porter has advanced such

det^table oplni^yn&^ophiions which a reviewer of, and iny*

his own country cannot uphold, though he thus pcilliates the

trash; - • - .• - 1 " . . '^ :

w :A 8ti^iil9 figure" says the Reviewer, '^ ia thecompoahion.elE
thli0OiirBal (I^HiUin.Porlev'js dhiise) is the frunknegs with which i^
is«Yisi$lei|. ' The author hm Jwurmted^y«ry thing, and he has . o^Jr
diig]ttmd any thing, a.nd th^t> wh^ pA^er^ would have suppressed*
heha^Hi^himselfop^u ^>tp tluose^who are disposed to juugohi^ ,
harshly. We have beensumciently interested in*the perusal of the
work^ and wish that it might have a second edition, and be reduced '
to the compass of one volume. Tliere are many pages in its present
stato not .interesfcing to tbe public. There are several pages,
whi^h should 'be expunged* There are occasional mistakes la ^
the laiigsiage Sb«t want cem^tiop^ some of them, perhaps, «rfo»,
ofthriHressv*": ♦.•<«• --h *'t.-^ -.. - . • • • .

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> ISiiff servta but to .aggnmite the case*- We
wp tkese VoIuiDcs- id a dispositMii friendly to American
tMifrf we lay tbeA dawn mth disappointment* : ml^

• «
I ■ ■ II '11 1 1 I iiiii III! j.'im iiir

Abt. VI.~MilioiKi2 Schools, Great CoggethaUy Es$et. A Seraum,
freMched in the behalf of thk InttitutUm, on TkurstUuf, Augmtt 31,
1815. By t}iM Rev, Brooke Bridges Stetbns, B. A. of Jesus
College, Cambridge, Lite Curate of the Parish. Published by
request of the Clergy, &c. The clear ProfitB (if any) arisiaif
from the Sale of this Sermon, to be given in Aid of the Fonrfl
of the Institution. 8vo. Pp. 35. J. Harper and Co. aucoes-
sors to Kearsley. 1815.

Xhb pure spirit of philanthropy and benevolence^ which fpo*
motes the universal difiusion of knowledge, strikingly di^tio*
gttishes the present, as a most illustrious era, in the page of
modem history. How truly gratifying is the reflection, that
from the superiority of our form of government, and the por^
tion of rational freedom it affords, we should ever be the first
to display an example of liberality and generosity, which, ema*
nafting from a principle of the strictumju^, must equally ad*
vance our national pre-eminence, and conduce to the ^ultimate
good and happiness of the community l--*-With feelii^ of
exaltation do we contemplate the rapid progress of liberal
opinions in this country; and we think it an event truly worthy
of national gratulation, that national education is become a
national undertaking.

We are sincerely happy to find that, ia common with the
enlightened of their lay brethren, the clergy evince considerable
zeal for the instruction of the uninformed, for the general dis*
semination of knowledge amongst the lower classes of society
.-^for their elevation from a state of brutal ignorance to the
developement and useful eajoyment of those fiieutties which
.constitute the primary difittnction of a rational being ■ > Jbccaose
aft obje(A so essential and salutary, eaa never be reeoasaiaMled
. ao forcibly as when advocated by those who are emphalkaDy
^enjoined to watch ovef^ the inteUecturi improvement of their
ifeilow men.

Tlie present discourse is one among many contributions,
which the sympathy and talent of the clerical body have fur-
nished to this important work; In addition to a luminous
defence of universal education, it contains a masterly and UBr
imf^assioned refutation of the various objections urged against'
V itk Xhese, iudeedj are the two divisaona of the tract* And^

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StioMsamno^mNoHmMSfhooU^ 40i

At manner^ in whkfa they am treated, wediall
It thoQOorie adopted by Mr. Stevens ; l^miipg witktlMe
assertions brought fbrwartl. bv the opponents^ and conekRliBg
ysrith the arguments prpduced by the upholders, of the measure.
•Spcnsnig^oii the subjeui"" cr 'iistiDnst scttoirtij^ *'^^r* 9tevm
saya :-—

^^^ Some epemies to theee charitable institutions^ witii unblush**
iinjg;^ effrontery will affirni, thnt the most ignorant of the poor are
^ple most morale anil that the best educated are the most immoral.
To' such a preposterous assertion, affecting the tone of argument, a
jlound 16gician niuy almost clisdain to reply 3 for what is it but
Contending, tluit the more perfectly a man knotcs hi^ duty^ tha
more imperfectly he mu3t necessarily perfbpit it/*

** H^ Iftcxt combats another unpliilosophical opinion, which,
lie Justly observes, ferms the only shadow of foundation for the
^st'i viz. that the common people, by being enabled to read,
^ave it in their power to peruse publications of the most immor
ralamf pernicious tendency. This mode of reasoning is really
too shallow to demand a serious reply.

f ' It 18/^ as our reverend author remarks^ '' to be compared to
fbo tsAcfainga duld the use of edge tools, which instructs him
how to raise ithe<ha^d of the suicide against his pwn life, or to
bai^.theiKrigiiard of the assiissin in the bosom of his neighbour,
^ift,!* he.iqquices^ '* does this cqnsideration induce us to withhold
this necessary .knowlcidge ? Or, by analogy of reasoning, should
we refuse to avail ourselves of the n^edicinal produce of the earth,
because an indiscreet use thereof hath occasionally proved deadly
poison? in a word, this whole system of reasoning consists in
aWwing arguments against the use from the abuse, a system long
fince exploded from all schools of sound logic."

' Thedsead of innovation is the next point for review. Our
able lecturer clearly shews that the principle he so warmly ad^
voeateais no innovation, bat the natural progress of a system of
eati^fatened humanity^ nay, even of policy, which has been grat
dxMf developing its irresistible course. The commencement
of tlift-sftventeeath century, he observes, was distinguished by
the enaetment of those Poor Laws, which, with such inodificar
lions' as'hav^ bceir rendered necessary by the process of time^
Coa&Me to tUs' dayto be applied to the personal distresses of
the indigent and afflicted* But no effective petinanent provi*
$ion for the sapply of their men^oi or sphilual wants was made
iintiUhe opening of the eighteenth century; when a few indi-
(Vidaals of «lefa^ atalioa and enunent piety> both among tke

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i^090mdil^y, shsewkikd in volantay wmAlltM;»ilMH^^Ih
designatiou of the <^ Society for promoting Chilelltfi/^ftMilit
ledge." The progress of this excellent institutioa w|l$ M^t
but its effects were certain in their operdtion. ftsibl^m ws
^o advance the knowledge c^the established religion;', iiiiif'i^^
der the fostering gnidance of this j)arent body, SuNDAxScHdo^
were instituted successfully in almost every town and vitl^g^'iip
the kingdom. The benefits derived from this society, wefe senc
sibly felt during the eighteenth century) and they cs^ntrilmtaA
in the circle of their operation to improve the nioral3^ of therlte
bouring classes^ by informing the mind, and ineuIcatiBg divine
precepts amongst them. The effect produced by the exevtioiis
of this respectable body has been imperpeptibly to advance th^
cause of the labouritig jwor, and to prepare them for the enjoy-
ment of that extensive blessingi which the eomtnenc-^merfl'df
the nineteenth centusy has consummated by the institlltiM <jf
*^ the National Society^*' and the universal enlight^mnetit isf
hitherto uncultivated rainds^ (

One more objection claims our attention, which, upon ^suoni*
nation, will appear equally futile with the preceding. It is the
opinion of some individuals, that educating the poor raises thenr
above their natural sphere in life, and renders them aVerse liVmi
fulfilling the duties of their station. This observsction fs reftfted
by the slightest reflection upon the causes of th^ vai4ef!is f^toAtt^
tioiis of society. These are known to arise morefHom the #esMi,^
rtian the acquired knowledge of mankind. They whose rfclies iW
considerable will at all times part with a portion of their afRile«ce
to procure bodily ease, and the services of those to whom fortune'
has been less bountiful; whilst, on the other hand, the needy
must be eontent to give their labour, in order that they may acf.
quire the means of subsistence,, and provide sueh comforts 89
may be indispensable to them. Doubtless, if a country be pro-
gressivdy advancing in the acquisition of national wc^tfa^ (he
spirit of enterprise will occasionally promote the detenninoS
endeavours of a few .individuals | whilst tlie slightest oba^rva-*
tion will discover innumerable instanoes. of tb^se, whose ^ii4e»^
vpurshave been, frustrated by .the hand of n^isfortuiiey netao-**
gading to a state pf labour, ttiough their minds have teen md^
ficieutlyjcultivated to fill witk respectaUlky a ano«e-<8l««iteA:
rank in theooimnimity.. At-alleveati itis too enUent^ thM •
calamitous war. has antaaled conaequences on'die*Bfitish MiMan;
Avbiah, if eventualiy snrmoimtal^, must, ^babtjr'fbr^ndf *il'
ofentQry, retard the sudcessfal operation of individual e^rertfon;
and during this interval the sj^slem of universal eilacatioh will
lx!^Ye gradually advanced to its full perfection, without the pps-^

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jBhJHfjbnfniirfonfffiii^ oiur intottial ro|ii9de. Upon tlib sufayeet/

^^ *; R^d w^x^iot oduoatfe the poor ut large^ sotoe individuals ^ould
c^rtaAi^lj^ cojuUr'iyeio acquire an educ^ition ; . the^e if they rose out
o^ their>tatioiM, would look doivn with contempt on their igno*
fioit aei^hbourft J and facts prove the truth of thiA assertion. But
ibis ^vil, instead of bcln^ promoted, is obviated by an universal sys*
tela i fbf ' tiiat equaUty and superioritff cannot co'cxist is a clear
} #iid thereft>pe if fl//^ be ^«a//y enlightened, how can one*
" otbte aM>ther. Moreorer, our system of education does not
: l|v H sufficient, scale to ilt them for the higher stations

. .We. shall iM>w Q^nsidertlie positioB laid down by Mr. Ste^
^reosythat these institutions are positive sources of good. And
iit affinals us much satisfaction to observe, that, froiti the argu-
Vf nts he adduces, such a conclusion is undeniable. This pro-'
position he sub-divides under two heads, ^political and moml :
adthougb^ as he observes, they are so intimately blended, , that
tf h|it is iwrally wrong can never be politically riglUy aud ^ coH'^
verso* Indeed they appear to be so closely interwoven with
^^ich other that we sltaU uot consider thprn separately.

Mr> §tevei^ Qommeiiccs tiiis portion of his subject, by de«<
sgribiog man's diU^jf towards his i^eighbour, as laid down in the
ChurcC^ catt^hism. This beautif]ul summary canuot be loo
ea,rly ifjopressed on the )ioviU^ful mind ; Aor can the political.
vitiU^ of a system, be ajfc^TvahJ^ci^ which teaclies Jto tlie unin-^
toriiie4i .their relajtivje and. civil duties in society.
' rHis observations ou the cftccts of National Education, as »
prqveQtJve against cume»/ar^ so just and so forcibly eKpressed,
that vifi 9ixail extract the ^iiJtire pariigraph.

*' It is a universally acknowledged truism, that prevention is
better than cure/ If, therefore, associations for the prosecution of.
tfHttifei, be a source of political advantage, it must necessarily fol-,
l6W,'<hkt association^ for the 7»-«7C/2fion of crimes are a yet more*
frtikhiX'^utte. t)^»klef then; which system is best calculated
toj^toVe beneficial to the botfy 'politic? to educate these children'
in the principles of religion and loyaltiy*«-bring theni to the* tem-
ptoBfCbdoafais consecrated sabbaths ^— or to suffer them to
waadsf io^gtionmce «^ tboir. duty-:4o employ those hallowed

3^^m iu barbarously detijx^yiog tibe^ifigenious kriiour of the fca-
leied trihf, 4Mr conunittkng depredations on the property of their
moJCfi pious i^eighbours, who^ at such petiod, have left their homes
usprotected, ^hat they might worship towards God's holy tetnple — to
permit thes^ lijttle pues to commpnce their career \i\ iniquity, till
grhdsally proceeding from one step to another^ the girl grows into
CaiT. Rbv. Vol. II. November, 181S. ft R

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y^Qmt^fihc^, ^, 4egriu)ecl pmi^titiifee f lbs bo^tiiirlmiitt^']
an expert villoia ^ the one suflfess aii igucammaaB* tAumtk ^^f
hand of the executioner , the other falls a victim to sectaotioa,
4i8ease> misery, and femine ? Does not a pareiit*s' h^srt 'U$^ea ai
sight of this affecting portrait^ when he considers, W^'ioi)^; ^W
CoredttcatBon his otm child- might have shared tlk«<i8^toe<'h^rV-<
vending fate ? His son, instead of groming up «« tk»'if^mg^ pl^ttix,
an honor to his parent, and a blessing to his conntty, might haw
fallen a victim to public justice, and left him childless lii \i\s de-
clining ye^rs ; or his daughter, instead of growing tip as ike poHsked
epmers of the temple, lovely in person and radiant in virtue^ tBc
pride and solace of his old age, might have turned aside from &er
hallowed paths, and brought down his grey hairs with sorrow ■ tb the
grave. Nor is this a portrait coloured by the hand of a fttiudful ar-
tist ) for in corroboration of these remacks^ it is a fact worth^r of
^special notice, that those condemned criminals who confess their
crimes with remorse, almost invariably attribute their ioiquitXNis
course and melancholy end, to a disregard of the lK)rd*8 conse-
crated day at the commencement of their career, .put let us re-
^r to our sister kingdoms ! Have social anp civil o&dbr ik
Scotland been subverted by her education 5 oa lREi.Axa

PROTECTED BY HER IGNORANCE V*

It must likewise be admitted that the mind of c'hildhqocl, (ever
active and inquisitive, will imbibe bad, if we be not careful to
give good impressionst. It must consequently tend greatly to
promote the cause of religion and morality^ that the chikfpen
of indigjenoe should be compelled to keep holy the 'Sabblith
day ; and that they be taught to feel gratitude towards ihdr.
Maker, and to fulfil with respectability Uieir allotted dtlties in
society. Habits of religious reflection thus early acquire,
I^eeping pace with education, and advancing as the yout&fiil
mind swells into maturity, can never be obliterated by the pro-
gress of time. Religion is unquestionably fin ipexhausiiUe
source of consolatfon, to the poor it must indeed prove a pe-
cidiar blessing : yet how can it be acquiredijf .tli£ gotdea hws.
of youth be permitted to. waste th^msclvi^s iu; the total absence
of pious instruction } aad how/paaithi^ bWdaoecearftttty tabk--
municated without the aid of eduealioii2- :• j -"^rf

Mr. Sevens remarksf^thtt^ • . m <'

'^ The good effects 4>f thisse iastructionsnaaf at Brat ^ toper^
ceptible> but we hav^ thia^^onsolation from tlm wiaest of juen^
that if we train up a. child in the way he shottU go^ though through
the impetuosity of youth hei may deviate from thiir^^narrow path,
yet wh^n the hand of itime has tempered it; uJien he is bid he wiU
mi depart from it. And should it please God tatou<^ the ^stmng*

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'P'flt as the Reverend* writer .observes, the subject does not
B0ir fedmit of so wide a field of argument as formerly. Ad-
diressnng' himself 'to ilio^e who profess themselves supporters of
the tonstitution in church and state, he says,

- ^ 'A ApinHms ^onc forth mxd Inspired tXt persuasions ; and if
-WR do 7iot educate the offspring of the poor^ they who secede from
utaipiU, Now. thetefoK^ the qUestion is not longer, ' shall the
poor ^.oducatedoi^fioi ?\ but 'shall they be educated in princi-
plef friendly or hostile to bur constitution in church and state V **

iThis in fact is the only question ^ow at issue : and the spirit
of emu^tiomnanifestcd >y ;all parties, to extend the blessings
of education, will be a lasting monument of national liberality
and individual munificenpe. Sincerely attached to the stat^
Inlt reprdtadng its abuses 5 upholders of the established church,
thbn^ not bKnd to its imperfections ; we most anxiously desire
io viitness the extemsive and universal prevalence of the present
system of ' education, ''

" Wt dimnot clos^ ttur observations on this subject, witliout
notidngan'raipoftomt itegUlation adopted by the Westminster
liancasterittl^ schools. The idea of receiving bounty, neces-
sat^attachecf to an edu^atiort derived from a charitable insti-
totidn, is -de^^radih^ W the proud And independent character
df'^ilA Bn^iMhilapi^ifmiist,' cttrt^equently, be a desideratum
tale«frifl(^'mut4i asf'posilble sO 'huTniriating a reflection. To
obiriiketMs tntpleasatttneis, the City' of Westminster receives
the trifling sum pf five shillings annually for each child; which,
tlCiMt It effctJts thcbbjeit, is scarcely felt by the parent, and
greatly cohdtttres to 'the maititennnce of the institution. We
should' be gratified to find this regulation established through-
tmt thfe country;

• HaTitij^corisfdemd the leading irguinents advanced by Mr.
Stetitos, #ri regret that otfr'Kmits preclude us from extending
this article, by making futfther extracts from his excellent ser-
mon. We very earnestly recommend our readers to purchase
this sensible 'discourse. It is published' for the benent of the
charity, whose cause it so forcibly — so impressively advocates.
'"•Mf; SteVfcrfi*, whose sentiments are strictly orthodox, displays
cofisiflefaWe' depth of research, solidity of argument, and bril-
IteoeV of geVrius. His Illustrations "froiyi scriptures are copious,
ever j^udiciousfy selected, aiid elegantly applied. IJjs appeal to
theaffluentf liis afiectjonate address to tlie children,, and his
expostulation with the misanihrope, are truly eloquent.

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5«9. O!cfiJi0^s:<ikiitilJa§9^

dissentera wovU be less neiRieroiif, siM f«Kgi(ki tiMte ^ttWL^
W:^ are, happy to s^e <^ A Series of XKmuvfett. WtM^4nflMi

and Festivals of the Cliurch oflEn^lt^/^'mnovxin^f^
Ilcation by JVtr. Stevei^ : tve antccipate great pleasttink^ ^b^eka
their perasal. ' . ' " ' '^ - s.'

t. ' i. 1 I ' !, 'l..! Illl'll' l"l"i|. lil'I^MII II lllllll Ili1l<l H"J.I ■

Akt. VII. — A General Spttem of Toxklologi^i 9rA Tne^m om-riPoi-
sonsy drawn from the Mineral, Fegetabl^, and Animal JToffit— M»
considered as to their Relations with Phpsiohn, PathoU^^.an4
Medical Jurisprudence. By M. P. Orfii^a, M.I), of the Fa/puJty
of Paris, Vtifft^or of Chemistry anrf Natural P61l6tophv,
Translated from the French. Vol. I. Pan I. 8vo. Pp. ^45?
Cox and Co. 181S. . .^ • ' .

It is with considerable pleasure ihai. we intro4uQe,to itenofica
of our readers a work of sudi real m^t aa the cdie w.ho^ lido
stands at the head of tl)is article | ^^nd* pjuiuapjiii.iiie.-caitticia
better discharge our duty than by presenting then^ Mtb as futt
a summary of the important information ii jifputfmSf^ as our;fi«*
mitted space will allow. The half vol^ume) .npw b^9r^ u%; is
only one- fourth of the entire treatise | but the.^^efipndj: part-it
announced b^ the translator to be in a.^tate^i^/onftwriliim^
and the remaining parts may be expected to f^llp^w ji^ ^r^^ia^i^
able time : whenever cono^ let^dj If the whd|^ j^Mlji pSfin^ '^^
to the present specimen^ it otust be regar^Wl^ .?i>li^iia^
quisition to the library of men of science^,. in, ^yery ^bists^of ^^or.

ciety- ..-•.. .^ ...Jf '. • M .. .' » -'•

' Poisons have been, distributed, j^yi^p^Sg^^, inta .»
classes, — the corrosive,^ astringent, acH4i narcotiqi. oarooUgo-i
acrid, and septic poisons ; — a,classific^t^pn.which# thoiigb. not
wholly unexceptionable, M. Orfila has aqoptc^.j^. .inpnbcat
with which he was acsuain^. The ficst f^nm QQVf\fre;hfm^
in general, what have been. ccHximonly (^iUe4. ^uiew pom^l
yet it is not exactly equivalent t9 tn^ de;ij}gn^tip|i, sio^ajfev .
of the prisonous minerals are excIude4jftom ijbe qIas§vo£com>-.
sives. W^ehave at present to attend oulj( tx>,,fau(i3peQMS9iOf
this class, viz. mercurial, arseoical, antimonlal, .apd^tOU^ijous
poisons ; which, from their very great activit^Tt af w^Hms imm
the difficulty sometimes attending the mvesjtig^tuM^^pfitCm^r
stances connected with their exlubitipn» n^Qst ^ipci^)e«k4i(y cmt
the serious attention and study of professional, men*> n^ . . i .
We shall now make it Our business to engage ip «^^ details
/especting the most important variety of each specks ;< in ih^

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»Citft%rAWi»f \»^li»e«ti*ch)sabalMi€b baa'beeq» tKMnisteired)'

«ti«»TMjW/>fi^> uiMr^(U^:SyiiiimAe.'^^hi» salt eoosiste^ acr
ErcK4M% ^<^ ^bk^ common doctrine, of . peroxyde of mettlirj afl4'
and' muriatic acid ; it is volatilked unchanged, by heat^ efibrd-^
■ ng, n Hiiiiili iiliiii iiiiiiimj of ii tn] ncrM (^alityj which reddens
liloMiB pppcr, and tacnishes a clean plate of. copper exposed t6
^t; tb^'piatid^' tiiUs'liarttifihed, kssiames. jksUvelry Whiteness on
^KiAg yi^tlyrubl^ed. If a paste^ foiDied of charcoal, corrosive
stfhKni'atc,' and. ^ )ittle w^tci^ ;t>'ei submitted to the action of
caloric; m^r^u^. is pj^tsaucd, .with ca<i)OJnic acuc^timunatio acidj

Corrosive sublimate is soluble in wat«r> and moie^ readily in
alcohol; the solution turns the infusion, of litmus red, and the
sym|>'&f^¥kMt6'^en^ If distilled in a retort^ a fluid super-
^-eBbftriA' tMhieh ^^ presence of a portion of c0rtosiye subliipate
cte^ W ^GMonstfevited. If to the solution of C(Ncrosiv& sublimate
tiiou iK'Cldd^ a solution of :carbonate of potas3> carbonate of
metcuiy i« pr^ieipttated of a deep brick-cc^ur, whitsl muriate
oi'pcrt^^^^atriam^^ia'dolutioiil. This precipitate^ heated in a
glasi^<Mb<^' yields 'glotmles of mercury, which adhere. to the
side^fOf'th^'^lass, and at the same! time, carbonic acid. and
osfff^ fa^^e, disebgaged. Sa^-carbonate of potass (salt of
tartA{))«o«ed5tom a clear brick-^coloured' precipitate, composed
pi «anlMMe and-oxyde oF-mereuty. Caustic alcoholized pot-
ass thJi^w^fdeMEti'thepen^yde of meitury, of a beautifdl yellow
colour : bat) if the solution of corrosive sublimate is .very mu^*h
dihite^ lli^fMreci}>ltat« will be white, and, when (^ollq^ted^ will
ht\i0kkioi^',yf\i\\/ki or brick, or ro^e cok>iued« Lime water also
afibids »y«UoW precipitate* Ammonia produces a white pre-r
cip^te^ eompeisedtof muriatic apid, .ammonia, and oxyde of
^e^eHTy? ^hich isy in lact, a triple insoluble salt. The hydro*
9ulptiavel'uF>amfoo^ia^ and snlphi^rated hydrogen, give a black
pffoipitatey^liieh .is tlic sutphuret of mercury; metallic mer-
curyvnu^y^be^'obtaiaed by heating^ihissulphuret in a glass^ tubcj
^eti^w iv^b iron filing.

. lt>.4|Kip^oil?;t)|e*aohltion of coirtrostre sublimate be let fall on
aflhi^'plaj^''pf^<M^per, a brown spot will appear, which, on
boiiDgmbb^'^eomes white, shining, and silvery: or, if this
i)i4wavAS|Krt;^b& hdFt to dry without agitation, it will assume a
i^autiful green colour; which is ov^ing to the formatiofi of a
iDt?ri<<UJ(tf<jpp|^r/

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- The Qdtidtt (4 im9ilfi^'%he9ti!e9im\9^tHmi^^
i»{jfr the eornbmfition df the 'Sublimate wHh i^ltbii^ «KmeifWrtr
oiattiefs: whi»ii>it is irttx^ witli'W'iYM'^ the cciMurs ^ 'pi4M!Sft
tates, obtained brmMt^f thfe abo^^tnetitidiied't^^$entd,*iiif^
feo nrnoht alt^eped, that no 4?€«ifid^ce catt he ptaeed iti theMt : tbr
{>lateof copper, however, and the hydre-^salphtkretd AM-pte-
dsely as in the fiiinple sblntioo. r . u'^-

With a solution of albumine n white flaky pyn^i^lIlM^* ^
Ibrnied, which dinsolves slowly, and in small ^afttlf)^^ 'ift ' m
«xces9 of albumitie, b«it<1s insoKible In wa^rt if a sohltflkl' Hif
«austic potass bebbtledfor half dn hduF upon a C[uafvtiW '^tf
this precipitate^ dried and powdered, ttinrtate^^f'pdtastl'Wfn' be
formed, and blaok oxyde of mercury deposited; from whidii il
appears tliat the corrosive muriate has been decom^posed, hod
tiiat the precipitade eonsists of mild niuriatcf of tti^rcttiy^ on
calomri, and albumine. - . . < /

Gelatme aho^ andanimal fibre, deconlpos^ thid salt in a^ni{*>
lar manner. Milk and common soup ocea^^fen some'variety M
colour m the pf^pitates obtained by jieve^al^nwigcrtts; • s«y tliat
colour 0«ght not to* be greatly relied on, irf'^Ases- where tStf jjoi-
»on hasitndei^one this sort of mixture. - '' • ► f •: -

Tl»e sjrmptomfis oecasiowd by swatl4wift^eii»h»it*"suft*
iimate, may be Tedu<*ed to the followmg* 'ttn 'acrid, ^t^geiit^
metalKc taate iii the mouth; a sendatibn of «trt<:lare&nd4bUrn^
Ing heat in the>tliroat) anxiety and tcftd?^ "^(l^alns Air 1i^
atomaeh, and In the wliole of the intesttn^lcanftl;' nattfetf, ft^
quent vomitings of a fluid, sometimes* » Woody, a^^mn|MmiM
With violent eflbrts; diarrhoea, or else dysfetttepfj^i^^, fre-
quent, aifd corded pulse; leipothymla, geiicrM debility^
dyspiiosai5 cold- sweats, cramp in k\l the limbs, ffE^fie*tlr Tits^^
Miity, convuisions/deiith. ' EqtIkaHy fat;i1'<conseque«ldi^ Mt64r
its external application to wounds or ulcers. * v {|w .
i In order to determine, whetliet a "person iias been poi^dhcd
by this substance, th* aid of chemistry is reiquired. Vfhen a
poiibion of the supposed poisonous matter ^an be jUiJcunrf,
there will be little difficulty in ascertaining, bf 'meMs 'bf **
tests abo^fe *num«aled, whrtRHtr it be corrosJt^^^ttbK^iiit^ or
not. If only the matter vomited can b* examib^, t*fe Aflfieitily
is greater} in^ colnsi^uende' of the changes whidi m^y lia^e tAken
ftaot in the stomach. In this case/ the * j^6^{>it^M9e^'bMMfd
from the fluid should be iftixedivitH ccfusti^j^otas^, Md^vi^
tailed to-dryness; the dry mass ihotlldthen be c!tposotto kibi
keat in a small ^ass retort, to which a receiret Is^itdlkpte4; ntA
if metallic mercury be obtamed ia the neck oftlM letbtf^itdtff

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->#»ft0<H4^4lii^l>BfnMr€uniil |)iM8itt has lyeen i»eck ''Siqtiid'ter-
Mi^yiV/H^y fa^altaintd by theifoUowiog process^ even wheki Miie
iMbiUi^ of mettiHic mereury is so'sm^ril as to> «50Ape obsarvsH
tp9n.^h4ft>'lhe neck of the* retort be broken, and care(uH||r
3|f«9h(Hlt]WVlh diluted aiftric acid, ooid^ ttiis add will dissolve tAl
th€^'iii<yaciiTy< that may be present^ and redode it to^thestate^ of
tiiCrate«with a minimuni ofoxy|?en^ which 'is recognistd' by the
«€difto«^ltaite'th0t itfcMrms with dMromate of potass', the white
ivith'ittfriaitic ueid, and the* blaek with ammonia and the hydros
KMii^fal^itta. if the person be dead, the j contents' of the ali-
ibet^Uffyoanal, and any poptions of^e oanaA 'iteefif^ vp^hieh bear
saafkS'Of eroskMis imist be tttbrnitted U> exacninatiotitin a similar
waniifr.' « "

, ^evan} ttrticl^ have been proposed as antidotes to this poU
$oD;-*t.such as the alkalies, alkaline sulphurets, sulptoiated
hydrogen gas, sugar, infusion of Peruviati bark, metaltie mer-
etHTfy soup, and albomine; none of which- deserve aiiy^ioiYfi-
4ie00^ . tfSLcefit 'albuinine, which speeMty decoiQposies 'thb
ooiTOfiive isuUioMtes and fornis a compound cotnparktively
jDBOcentir Therefore, as soon as possible Siftet it is knoMi thc^
this poison has been swaUowed,. the patient shodd<b^ fuadete
swallow several glasses of white of egg beat up with water;
after whiph H is proper to excite vomiting, atid t<y promote it
l^y <^opious draughts of mucitaginoiis liquoi's'/^'CKls, and uhetu?
ous su,b^Uiiices, in general, ^re rather prejucjicial than useful.^
T^e tr^fttp)piit requiried in ordinary qa^es of gastritis may her^
al^o l^fVei^y advantageously employed, in additipa to the meaJia
11^ fii)r pQUAtfara^ting; and expelling the pfisQp. .. i

Thistii|ufa6taiitfa sublimes. eiitirdy; aA ^lOiodkKratdtenqfieratiirei
wImd thrown ^on burning coals,* the jiielql it.lMduced, uttd
d^^; rwiiite' vapours, of an niriaoeoussvidl, hveel&hakd. If
St l^c mixM ^iik some black 4ux, and exposdl to aved heat in
^ glass- jtnbe closed at the bottpm, the arsenic wfllbe revived^
^ad adh^e to the sides of the tube, in the form of brilliant'
metallic scales, • ', '

4jrs?W9U^.2WU.d is soluble in water, — hut iawhat proportioA.
clj^^isti^,!!^ pot »t all agreed. Th^ ,ap|iMif>b^ gives with limef
wBt<W^.*.Jrb*te pc/^aipitatcj with. :swlpi>^f^te4.. hydrogen gas %
g<ddifl»'jQn(9Mri.ii^QcipiUI;e3 and j(he>awi6ivMib)tiiie>ydroauUi
pbiqreli^/^on the jaddittoa of a Stmt-. dJKifisliof some acid. The
8«dphiireti.4biis. obtained^ dncd Moti> theifiltery 'and<«keasl»<|P
with omtic potiass in a^small glass< tiih^y^%^dectAngbsed' ih a'
lew seconds^ Jwdding sulphuret of (idfiisisl and hietamc^ai^enici
Tyhich sublimes and adheres to th« sides ^<if^hielitft)t.^' iWtrate

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M4 Q^Ua-^ ea)t6nsif%M^^Itor¥iri«y/

of silver (orm^ a yellovv praatptiaie urilli^ tbe 8«t«liaA «< i
ous acf(), sulphate of i:o)yper 'a fin^ gtem tporocii^ilafetw Xli»
addition of an alkaii gre'&tly fiicilitates the action of tlieae tests;
m\ tvhich aecountythe ifqtiid'4imm«niatetA af'«]lv«c aad ^k;VP^
are, according: 10 Dr. Dimtm^ tiie best pr9pficatioM.for ^iisi
{Hirpose. No piemeptiUeohango is pioduoed <tni ftbis*>^|#bitipii
by albumine -or gflatine» Wbea it is aoixediiYvMi' vmumfmi
quantity of a strong deooetion of tea, tiie jnitiMte. ofesJly^y^plffM^n
water> and ammoniacal sulphate of eopper do not >yiwoiigr
tbeir usual effipetSi' and iherefore^oannot in t\m cnse boMlnpftpJ
ed upon H Vtsts of tbe pvesitnee of arseaic; iSulpttaraAcsdhf^
drogen^ howeveiv acts preob^ as in tbe Malfii^ nAuUom
When the same solution is mixed with a deoocti(Xi oC «q^^
b'me*^ater gives a yeUoW pvvi^ipitate instead of a. wl^ite-^ne;

fbe aetiM of the otber teals veittains unaltered. ■. - >

When united with a lai^^ quantity of wine^ the; araewpoa
addisannot hffdet^ed by tbe ^unmoniacal sulpbatQt.of ii^sfK
per; nor by the nitnrate of silver, wfaen even a veqr siv^l i^wp^
iity of W1IM& is present. Tbe sulpbaraAed hydrogeiifappaMAJii
this, jand ^v<?ry other instance, to have aftordodires^ilt^iiiaic
uniform than tliose of anjr otiier test that has been emfiloy^. i

" Thesyioptibinf/' says M. Or£la, " product by the ^Ul^^n^u^
acitii gei>qrfUlyr|[je|n8Ldered, maybe reduced tp the fpUo\yingi ' \

** An Sjiist^re, tiiste, fetid mouth, frequent ptviklismj coustncuon
of tte phar}';ha^,,aiid oesophagus, the teeth set on edge, hiccup, iia^*
sea, vomiting df a matter sometimes brown, sometinjes'bidod^f |
anxiety, freqneiit fair^tings, heat of precordia, JnflatiAnatittb'Wflie
lips, tongue, paltili^, ihroat, and oesophagus ; the Mdtn^i^b'^iliMI
to gtich ei de^ae, as not>to be able to sopport the'teeM'taiottletit
i)rink ; tlas- alviile' discharges bladtisb,'a<Ki 'ofi^t botviUeiiioBtor $
Ih^.pnlse sdiaH, lre<|iiettft, coifcentral»d» sod irre^ilaa; dOiiieliiAaa

Sl0w.4«Mlitlieqiia)$.)Hl^^>^>(>^ ^^ boart, syfl|qci|>aif|MiqU€»chr
Iibrle;tbif8f,.)pi|pgfiat,beat aU ov^ the body, mwJt^fHk as qf a d^e-

Tourxugj&rs^i^ometimQf, ap icy ^coldnessf . brpa^ung difficulty
Q)ld'flw,ea(^: j^jcinns scfifity, red, and bloody -,, phange of the features
of thecbuntehabcej a livid circle round the eyelids; swelling and
itchin^jover ^he whole body, >v,hich is covered with livid spots;
itnd Fiotnetibies wAfh a i^iillaty eruption: prostrat1o<i'6f strct»gUi|
lossoF feeiing, partltfifartyjn Che feet and h^irttts i*^de*Wtfnf;*t«K
VuTsiohsi often acce/iti^ani^'with an insupportetfle't^ii|rislli,^MII»
ing off iSf the haif J dmsLt^Mmtitdf tbe epidertfiis»; 'Shd laiay,iiMilh,
^' It is racre to see^nll'lhesb faymptoms aniaedia th^ Mlan^ pti^
ibft>. abihelimA lAnoiltatt of ilMhimieimnttng,'flniafnmclAqr
the folWwiopr foct, r^^ by.M; Cbausaiev* Airobwit, wdltte-
aged m^fWfUlowed'^ %i|«Mitity of araenipiisafiid. j» 1/^fge lu^ps^
and die^ witbo\ijtdi^q;^erifig.aoy .other symptoms. than ^ightf^*^

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^^ tuiwe:^ >Oft ^Mftg th^ si^nmoi, It. in»'f ound to contol n Mhe ' ar
^ m cMiibus M^i^teiMt in the state m yiMnAi it had been swallowed.*'

■•* '^'TM* J^isdtt, externally appKed^ seems to act with even a.
!* liMMf^e M&Y eeiiaiMy thab Wh6A received into the stomach.
Ui "Vbt^ike^tkpase i>f diiKtov^ring whether a person has beefai
>« ^^tofii^hed m(ih'ar^knis acid, aH iHe substances, which may be
Kb 8tl)^9ed't6 eontitfn it, tnost besubnfrftted to the several test^
■« t1lflft'liiil4e Iteen already mentioned. The following plan is re-
st cdtHihettd)^, when the patient is dead, and no traces of arsenit^
m Imre Men found in the matter vomited, or in the fluid remain-^
ii 111^ ih the stomach. Let the so^itl contents of the stomach be
m made to 'boU in tim or twelve times their weight of distilled wa»
ii te^i whSdl' should be r^ewed a? fast as-eVaporation takes place:
this liquor should be C!Ooted <and tiecanted, in order to jput a few
1 dtb^ of it into the solutions of the ammoniacal sulphate of
p copper; of limcj of the hydrb^'Sidj^htirct of ammonia, and of the
H nitrate of silviet. - *' If the prectpitSates furnished by these testa
ii, induce a belief that the solution contains arsenioua acid, it
i3 should bemited with potass^ entporated, and the product ob->
^i tahied cakined whh charcoal, to extract from it the metallic
arsenic;" otherwise, the mass tthausted by water should be
'M boiled for some time in a solution of caustic potass : the liquoir
br. is then to be filtered, agjlin IWled,' atid nitric acid added, a little
- at a. time, until" ft becomes 6f a dear yellow colour; it is then
filtered afresh, and the excess of add saturated with an alkafinfe
carbonate. If any evidence ijflhe*. presence of arsenic is noi^
afforded by the common tests, it sfibiild be precipitated by the
hydttHsulphuret of ammoDia ami a few drops of nitric acid :
'^^ a yellow suiphuret pf arsenic is by this means procured, frorii
whMi the whole of- the metal may be obtained, by cibj'ing i
upon a filter, mixing it with an equal bulk of potass,^ and melti
ing'it in a sm^ll gl^s tube.'* }f this fail, the stomach itself
; may be treated ffi the same way.

e None of the articles, which hfrrebferti tecommended as ant!*

; dptes to this poison, merit mudi confidefice; for, though sul-

phurated hydrogen and lime-Wafifi^li^ve the powet 6f countef t
■ acting the mjurioiis qualities of {krsertious acid in solution, th'iy^

' hati^e no faction at ajU upon it in a solid state, in which form it !^

' jnost conunonly used a* a poison. The ti-eatnjent ought there-

" frtre to be diiected, in the first place^ io the removal of evei^

I particle ^f the poisonous substance, from the stomach by vQf

, • mitihg ; and, in the next place> to the alleviation of the inlamr
I mation^MFliibhis^tto ensue. Oleaginous matters are^ itij^r

i tions;. .. ■ '.M 'y . . .

Crit. Rev. Vol. II. Nwemlm, 1815. S S

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506 Q^-s ^Gefua-al SysUmqf iWcoIogy.

III. Antimony. Tartar Enmtic, tartarate qf i
p^QiU. Our notice of thi^ and the follQwing aubstaace tmMs\
be still more brief, tlian of the two preceding. Tartar etnetic^
at a red beat^.is blacjkencd and decomposed, in the manner of
vegetable substances, its vvatcry 'solution is precipitated omnge
yellow^ ox a deep brown-red, by sulphurated bydro^n gas,
hydro-sulphurattd water, and t^e hydro- sulphurets; the pre-
oipitate, mixed with black flux, and exposed to a red heat,
affords metallic antimony. Cpncentrated sulphuric aeid^ and
.caustic potass, each gives a precipitate, which is re-diasolved
by an excess of tlic precipitant: lime water gives a white pre-
cipitate, soluble in nitric acid. The solution of tartar emetie^
also decomposed by vegetable infusions and decoctions.

The symptoms occasioned by an excessive dose of this
substance do not difier materially from tliose which have been
already described, as arising from corrosive sublimate, and ar-
senious acid. It appears,. from (he observations of M. Magen^*
die, to exert its deleterious iqfluence chiefly on the lungs and
etomach.

The discovery of this pobon, in any matter suspected to con-
tain it, will depend on the proper a(q;>licatioii of the tests
already enumerated, with any others which, jdhemistry may
suggest. ' ' *

• Next to Uie promotion of vomiting by drinking fitely of
.warm water, so as to expel entirely the deleterious substance
.from the stomach, the greatest advantage b obtaiped by taking
large draughts of the d^coc^iqnof bark, which deponiposes the
iBalt, and renders it almestinert.*

iV. CoPFBR. FcrdigrisL In consequence of the com«
mon use of copper utensils in cookery, cases of poisoning by
preparations of this metal arise from misadventure more fre-
jquently than from design; imd for the same reason, a great
number of persons are liable to suffer contemporaneously:
lience the study of this subject has very justly been considered
Its deserving partieular attention^ -

^ Copper, exposed to a moi^ atmosphere, combines very rea-
dily with oxygen, and .forma a dark brown oxyde, soluble in
acids,, jand in liquid ammonia. This oxyde gradually attracts
carbonic acid, and is converted into a carbonate of a green eo*
lour, soluble with efiervescence in sulphuric acid. Verdigris
eoDsists of the acitate and sut^citate of copper, pf carbonate of
copper, and of copper partly in a metallic state, 'and partly in
the state of an oxyde. When exposed to, sufficient heat, the
yegetablc piatter is decomposed and driven oilf> and tliC metal
remains behind. Verdigris dissolves with effervescence in sttl-

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O^la's General System of Toxicology. 507

|Aiuric acidy and the odour of sulphuric add is perceived^'

boiling water separates the acitatc of copper from the cfthev

parts of this .compound, which a^e insoluble ; the solution id (5f

a.greenish blue colour; is precipitated black by ^uilphurid hy^*

drogen gas, skjr-blue by potass, blue more or less deep by am^

monia« which re-dissolves the precipitate ; green by the solu**

Iron of arsenious acid; yellow by the chromate of potass j and*

fa]i^O)vn by the prussiate of potass aud iron. A cylinder of*

]gho3phorous, or a plate of iron, placed in this solution, be-*

comes covered with a crest of metallic copper. It is also de-*

conippsed by infusion of tea; and if It be mixed with wioe^

ammonia do linger produces a blue colour.

The symptoms. which follow the eKbibitioo of this poison
are various; vomitings and violent paJu in the abdomen are the-
most constant. Suspicion of it having been swallowed may be
excited by the blue or green colour of the Boattcf vomited; hut^
we must not rely too much on* this circumstance,* since the
same colour has been observed also in some cases of scirrhous'
pylorus, and in other inbtaaces. Th« enquiry should be con--
ducted on the same general principles as are directed la other ^
cases of poisoning, carefully noting the effect of the several'
reagents employed.

Raw sugar has be^n found to he the best antidote for verK* ^
gris; the first carfi of the physician, tlicrefore, sliould foe^ to''
make a person pqisontMl by verdigris^eat a large quantity of su**
gar, and drink plenty of sugared water. In other respccts> the*
treatment requires no particulnr directions*

Such is the cursory analysis we have been enablad to give of
a work,, which deserves the. carefuKptTUsal of every one>wbo':
wishes for minute intVrtnation on the. subject of whichittrea1|s.''
M. Orfila's observations on the chauires which poisonous sub«* «:
stances undergo, in consequence of mixture with various alt- '
mentary matters, ar^ ))eculiarly valuable^; as they are points '
which had been too much disregarded .by his predecessors^
though obviously of great importance in judicial enquiries.

We are sorry that we cannot dose tliis article without re-
marking the unusual number of errors which from haste and*
inattentiooy have been allowed totlisfigure tbevoluhte before -
us» We have taken down a few of these blemishes; for in-» '
stance^ ^^ sulphate" iustead of mwi^te> p. 86. ^minimum" for
maximafUj p.. 75. '' deleterious: action q/ alkaline salts," p. 7^«
**potass" for lime, p. 1G5* " painffil digeetionaj'* instead of
dejections,- p. 17^- " f?er^js»flry" for unnecessary, p« 231. •
. *^oun^*' for grains,' p. 237* ^'*^ preparation," instead of thig
preparation, .p. 241. What the tiansiator calb the ^< velvet'

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508 Feibwes's Paris.

cf^t of the stomach,*' is usually called the Tinolis cott J *^ l
tesiXyfas^Lpprehended for life p. 60, is an inc^n^fet ex^pves-
siou : finally, there is often a superfluous Use of the arttde Ae,
a^ ^* the albupiine,'* " the ammonia/' &c. ' / i- .

Nevertheless, we shall anxiously expect the remainhig pat^
tlons of the work, and, shall have much satisfac^on iti Mii^
enabled to make an honourable report of them, wfaeneirer tkcj

Art: VIII.*— Ptfrwj during the Interesting Month of July, 1815. ^
Series of letters addressed to a Friend in London. By W. D. Fel-
. i<owEs^£8q. 8vo. Pp.165. Gale and Feaner. 1815.

ISvEN with those of our countrymen, who, in spirit and seii-
tjmeht, have so far ceased to be Britons, as to rejoice at the
j^tciration of not our natutal alltes^ but our natural enetmeg
(the Bourbons), this worse than brochure will owe to its obse-
quio^s compliauce with the disgraceful delirium of the prescsit
iiH>Ai.eiit| all the very little estimation it may obtain. The style,
tp d^^icribe it ip the most favourable terms, is as mean and Fg*
noble as the principles in support of which the author insidi-
ously labours ; and though Mr. FeHowes is sedulous to assiube
the m of liberality, every friend of freedom disix>vers) ia hinn
however obscured by the fog with which, partly by design and
portly by involuntary aninteUigibility, he is envebped, as oalu-
'ral an enemy to liberty as a Capet« Even in bb pr^BMse doth
he betray, ttiaft had he lived in 1715 or I7't5, heortealousiMid
active a friend he would have been to the SttiHrlSs. ^ BmBg
ai^xious," says Mr. F., "to witness the second entry of flte
Allien into tliat city (Paris), wliich it was to be expected would
take place after the battle of Waterloo, the author proceeded to
Calais as soon as the communication was opened ; and he had
tl^e gO(>d fortune to be present at the extraordinaiy and Splendid
scenes, which presented themsehes in Paris duripg the' nfoBth
of July last." An Engli^hmnn — a subject of Geoi^e die Thfad
*^could be anxious to sec the. troops of tyrants, in cohjimctioa
with his own countrymen, trampling upon the veiy principtes
to which his own Sovereign owes his crown and his glory I
The inherent right of a na|ion to proscribe for ever a criinliial
king and Ixjjs family; to re-mod^i their govemn>i»nt, make a
n^w choice; and, as respecting foreign powers:, to. confer on
the elected leader, ofiicial independence and personal invip-p
lability* A scene that served to explain how our Tliird WilUaiD
o^ Second George would havefartfd, had the ehafopiofis of-oiir

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JFfiV^we^'s Pom. §0J^

-iMt Jaine^ otfriff/^c Chaifles beejQ permitted to ilecorate with
tih^ir ^acrili^ous bannexs the steeples of Lgndon ; a scene thit
^^M> well, represented how our metropolis would have been
cnrowded with foreign. despotSji bringing up in the rear, and fix-
ing on .^he throne of ^ lawful monarchy an execrated and dls-
^Wded race^;. «Hcli a scene, in the eyes of Mr. Fellowes, was
Sfflendidi 40 brilliant in iaucy, that h'i was anxious to behold
it ! But to the body of his patriotic work.

The author, true to his title-page, couches his narrative in
-Ac form of a series ofLeti^s io a f ri?Jid-^Miss Williams in a
pamphlet upon the same subject, and writing the same anti-
Guelphian principles, adopts the like mode of addressing her
unconstitutional sentiments to a ,/i'iewd—- and of such senti-^
ments, we fear, there are too many^riif/icf^, on this^our Ununitect
.Kingdom ;r^were the Russi<uis, Prussians, and the Austriai:is,
. in order tq complete their righteous task of restoring heredltarif,
^espent, in opposition to elected and legitimate succession, now
on. their march from Harwich to London with the king of Sar-
dinia in their rear (destined tp assume tlie crown of his anc^"
.tars) we have a guide, in ti^e present mass of English adherents.
to OQe pre^ndcr, to gv^ss at tlie numl>er that would desert ta
,tjbe sta^daicd of another. One of this mass is Mr. Fellowes;
one of tliis mass he thus addresses :

** Dear Sir, '* Dover, •/w/yft, 1815.

' ' «' I left London in my way to Dover on th»4th instant. Hba
eommenecoieBt of hoaliUtses m the Nelherlanda by Buoaaparie out
the Idtk uhino, and the succesajon ol aanguiaacy boUles^ io tba
l«0tiof.whi<^l^on the 18th« tbo Duke of WcUiogton bad defeated
hii9l in perMH), having pttved the way for the allied armies tj^
J^aris, (the ^licd «tofis Mr. F. mean^ of Ruisia, Prussia^ and Aus-
tria)» I was induced to set off for the continent, to witness a re-
currence of that splendid scene which I foimd so interesting in the.
spring of 1814."

JE^vea this short trivial preliminary paragraph presents U9
withtwoartifices,conjita^tly played off by uie^e Bourbonites
against our kif\g and constitution. Napousok Is designated
l^ his family name ; as, were England in the deplorable cir«
cumstances of France, (robbed, of her rightful sovereigUi and.
re*burti^encd with the descendants of her former tyrants,) our
Q^n venerable Gkor.gb would be. Again^ the family name of
the Emperor is carefully spelt with the original letter u, to in-
timate that he is not of a JFreiKh ;^tock ; as, could these advo-
c^9 of usurpation lend their principles the additional aid of
hoisting a representative of the Stuart race on the English throne^
tb^y would be indefatigable ii^ reminding us^ that the monarch^

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£10 FMoweis Pdris.^

>Yhose abdication foreign despotism had cOiiipell6d5 wA$ tsot of
ap English stock. In their loyal lucabrat!ons> (tbrlM^ to be
loyal with these writers, is to maintain doctritie^ < ^ttbvet^rte
of the claims of the family in favour of which thcii^ fbyHHy is
professed,) in their {oyaHucubrations, we say, the 'atppelbtionf
of BuoNAPARTB the Italiauj and Guelph ike GienHithf iroiAI
be incessantly coupled ; and by a side wind, be made* bire ' of
the excluding objections against the House of Hanover.

After informing us of his arrival, and short stay at Do^ver, '

where he found Lord C and Lord B ^ <:hktged

with dispatches for the Duke of W '• — . (Is* Mr. FfS-

lowes ashamed of the names of the prodigious -perscfrmges^
Ix)rd C. and Lord B. ? or did their lordships^ ashamed of beffag*
mentioned by'^wcfe a writer y request him to Kmit to their
uiitials his honourable notice of them ? } Mr. F. ](^roceeds
to tell us of his arrival at Calus ; tlmt the place being fW)i state
of siege. Lord C. Iford B. and himself, were kept >witHdtflrC^ '
tide the walls for some hours; how, how«ter, at length,- they'
were conducted to Quillac's HotelDessain ; how, ^< bein^ in'
the suit of noblemen charged with dispatches, none of Ikett^' '
baggage was searched ;*' and how Lord C< went forwftSld <{r 9P'
German ierfin, while Lord B. and himsdf followed' Ay ^^'ca* •
briolet ' . r \, .\ . I

After Mr, Feilowes has quitted Calais (with LcNrd €; -aiid
Lord B.) be very kindly leaves bis cxxnpuiy, mad ecNnes- back
again, to tell us, what it had been wiser, at le^t, tohave^ coa-
ched; that no communication was permitted li^ween the
crew of the Packet and the French shore. For • ttiis eatliia^- •'
there could be but one reason; the reports of th^ Eaj^IiA'
sailors at their return, would have contradicted the daily^ TBpre^ '
sentatioi^s of the English ministry and dieir venal journalists. •
The story of the lowest tars had depicted the grief of aa indig-
nant people, and set delusion at defiance. The recollection of
the favourable effect of the infamous falsehoods constantly" tend '-
consciously copied from the French Bourbon papers, into* -tile
English Stuart prints, during the triumphant and festivi iuai^K^
of aie French Emperor from Frejus to Paris, was too strong not* '
to be acted upon; and while ministers dared not suffer ifvit
seamen to exchange a thought with the French peop]^, |e^ '
they should ca^tch and convey principles that f<^m th^ mppOtfi^^- ^
ing basis of the ri^ht of their own sovereign, ourpto»Cltttted •
papers were assuring us of what they called the toyoftjf of tfje"^
people of Calais. A little ftirther onward, however, Mr. Fel-, ..
lowes incautiously lets out, that as Lord C. Lord B. and^ him- -
itelf, passed tlurough Boulogn^^ they saw ^^* sonttr' htfndnids of '

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TeUa^es's Park., 51 F

Bfjdl^^wfao' appeared sidlcn and discomposed at the sight of
their visitors." The French discarded one dynasty as we had
dismissed another ; for the same reason loo; and if after a com-
binatioo of foreign' tyrants h^ unfortunately re- placed the race
we bad spurned froni'.us, .a French minister and his suite
enlarged with dispatches to the Scotch usurper^ had, on his
Toad to hoodoBj met a body of English soldiers^ we hope, we
are mte^ tbtfir patriotism would have dictated something more
than the a|^«rtng suUen and fUscomposed. A restored Stuart,
SQ[qported by arctic- hordes, might for a while, iiave kept his
seat; but fatal had it been for a Bourbon embassy, to liave
jnet on their route, a British band.

Having spoken of Boulogne, and admitted that the French
troops, when encamped at that place, were rendered comfort*
able and happy; that a romantic town of huts, each surrounded
with agaiden, kept in neat order, and stocked with vegetables,
fiawiers, and a sufficient sttf^y of fowls, pigeons, and rabbits,
fcMmed the accommodations of every soldier, — ^Mr. F. conducts
us toSamer, where the inhabitants began, he tells us,^^ to dis-
play die white cockade, and cry, Fbe ks AngUus.'* In the
previous page he had remarked on '^ the fickle and inconsider-
ate chaiaeler of the nation;'' and this their unexpected salute
of Les An^is, who had so largely contributed to the destruc-
tion of their national independence, was, certainly, the strong-
est erideaee our tmveller's judgment could have selected, of
their blind inconsiderateness.

To follow Mr. Fellowes, step by step, and tell how he and
LordB* and LordC. were received at Montr^uil; how they
were conducted to the commandant of the place by a guard;
how impo^ible it would have been for any strangers not situ-
ated as lie, .Lord C. and Lord B. were, to have passed tiirough
the town; 'how from Montreuil they proceeded to Namport;
how they saw there some rural assemblages of dancers; how
the place puf liim in mind of Sterne's ^^ Dead Ass," and poor
he JTetii^s 'adventure;* how, from Namport Mr. F. Lord C.
and Lord B. passed onward to AbbevUle; how when they ar-
rived there It was almost dark; how they were driven *'all"
over the city," and how, when they left Abbeville, they turned
off to go by Beau vais, *' which road, is two posts and a half
shorter than bv Amiens;*' how they << breakfasted next morn-
ing .at GtrandviUiers," and how they heard there the account of

* It di,d no^, however, awakcii the reflection, how a Frenchman of Xf
/Ymr's sensibility and natural understondiu^ would bave sigbed and mourned;
had he lirpd to wHscss Che insist oomtnitted vpon hh j?elf-Uberated cjunto'j^
^ tbe furcibte ^i^a »f it» »apieaK 9?^^^^^^ -•

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51i FiUduks'^ P&tts:

Captit^s eotiy into Paris; bow nfkenrards at iM^EUfSltfllefcy' <^
««ter cabtiokt broike down, ^Wliich otlier ? this ^13 not iMe! lif
Mi\ F.'d uiHnteHi^ibitie$ by design) ; how, by tlie bye» ' Jt|i)b-
siefiHrQiiaiacdieaitfi4hiiii, LoidB. andLfCferd C. out c^VtlmK
NapobMiiSj (How araeh laofe canftisteiit to have €^UW:i^»m
itntee Bumapart^i) liow tb» triciE liad been phiyed wp^ ffyp
just at they were wiving off from CoIms; how at Mmtm "
«ent on an avant'tomier ; how, it being jasl the weamn-i
getabie maturation, all tiie apple and pear tnes werex
with frait, the fields covered with coni, slid the irlne^pMnb in
great forwardness; and how, at length, after innntnfeAMe']^-
ticulars, equally surprizing, and no less important and fSdUjihg^
Mr. Fellowes, Lord C. and Lord B. arrived sale at Paris*, to
keep pace wiUi Mr. F. through so winding and intricate a nar^
latioti) was iiapossibie; taking, howeveiv here acid there^ a
shorter cnt^ we have airived^ without his npidiiy of jwotiany a»
soon at Ptaris as our curious travelier, whose de^obsenaliiiu
a^thhig seems to have escaped. By land, he fearAt.iihai^
Pretich -apples and French peavs ripen in aammer;' and ai ae^
perhaps discovered that feathers swina in salt waten If be did
not, we now assnte iiim of a fact, with which he may enrieh
die second edition of liis/rieizdjy and luminous correspondence.
Wea*— Mr. Fdlowes is now ** At Paris, the metropolis of
Fiance;" and as the reader, no doubt, is anxmua to know the
lefnarlss of so profound jfti observer of meu undiAiaga^ we wiH
let him speak for himself. ....

*/ We entered Paris at three o'clock in the afternoon, hjr the
Barrier of Saint Deuisj at the gate we fouhd a pattj' ojf ttie 12^
fi>ot, British! — ^and English soldi&rs in all difectidhs 'fiAout the
streets, in their foraging dresses, jnst as tntjch at their ease as if
they were in country quarters in England. A few Of fheiii ap-
peared to liave partaken of the hon vin iti the Cabarets^ -which i|
not very singular where it is so cheap.

*' For a considerable (hstance ntohy Of the trees* fbrming a fiae
avenue, which have always constituted the aroament of thk en-
trance, and been the admiration of strangers, were .felled j aod
auiny bore the mark of the axe, as if the people who were hevvijig
them down had been disturbed in the act. This wos evidcnttyior
the puriM)5e of lay in^^- them across the road to im ucde the advance
of troops } and the garden walls and houses on ctich side had fecJih
perforated to form loop-holes for mtisketr)', in roM^strf three alfll
four tier deep. The road was cut across in several places, MfiiSiA
we passed over on planks thrown S"6r6Ss by the BHtlSh sdUKeirf.
fiftch of these cuts was about from eighteen to twenty feet widk
aod ciisks had been filled with earth to fbrm a ledoubt, flaaked
with heavy cannon, so as to mal^ the approach la HM fuarM ai

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4UBMt and 4«stnictiY« 10 posfibb. lo «Wki^ti to tifw fti^nff
^cfbnce, the water was let into the eutsfforti the c^pnl iyOtrr€qt
rad waa now flowing through wilh cdl^iderable rapidity. Juf^
within the barrier a large parkW Brilivh iurtiU«ry was Sfvcawipel^
-with various other troops, composfjd lif Oennans, IMgians^ AOr
Ibrittii]^ a hkfonac along the plain almoal t^iha enttwic^ ^ Faris— *
tlkd-Rnosian army bdag ta the aov^wesl of the oily. Moat^
MMWtasy whick we pass^ on our Mi, 'bad. been planted with ean-»
MntiMdr mortars by the French; the heightoof B^e ViUe and
li)tliil>H fstre strongly fortified] and tke whole formed a line of
4efiHMa to ibe entrance of Paris in this direpUoo^ mih which our
lUnstrions commander would have very jndkiottsly avoided bring-^
ing his army in contact^ had it been necessary to have attacked
Phria.

'^ The beautiful situation of the beigfits of Belle ViUe and ChatK
lot are well known, as forming most picturesque approadtes tq
this eily. Belle ViUe is erected on an emmenre, oommanding
one of the finest views of Paris; the hill descending into tlif
town is decorated with pretty country seats, gardan^^aod terraces \
aa the^oChar side are the gardens and walks of. Saint Gervaj^, afr
fording tba most beautiful and romantic pvomtnades; The view#
mm most extensive of a rich and luxuriant, country, studd^ wi(k
villages and villas over an immense tract, in whkh the eye wanderf
until it is lost in the distance.

^* In passing ChaiUot, which partakes of similar beauties of sir
tuation, J was equally delighted as in my visit to it last year: it if
the abode of the aged, where they pass their time in sweet reposf
and tranquillity. The Institution for the ag<d and in^rm ^a
contains more than a hundred persons of botii sexes. Those above
the age of seventy can by right claim an asylum Hiete, if they have
preniouply paid at the rate of ten pence per month', from ten to
thirty years of age, one shilling and three pence &pm thirty to
fifty, and one shilling and eightpence from fifty to seventy, or by
paying up the whole sum necessary to entitle them to admittanal^
which amounts to forty-five pounds sterling : this payment a( th^
age of seventy gives the subscriber the right, of this eet^Uishmfal,
A veiy interesting account of it will be found in Mr. Yorke*s Let-
ten from France in 1803.

'^ The ofiicer of the giuurd at Saint I>enis having infonnod ^
that the Duke of Wellington's head-quarters were in the Rue de
Xillcj Chfunps Elys^e, we drove through the Champ de.Neuilly^
and entered Paris by the barrier De TEtoile, througn the trium-
phal arch, erected to commemorate the entrance of the Empress
ifaria Louisa into the capital of France, bat which has never been
finished. We passed through the Ely?^ by the side of the palaae
Elys^ Bourbon, late the Elys^e Napoleon, and but a few day;s
since the residence of that most ealraordiaaiy msn.

'' The Champs Elys^e prasented a ^urloiis aceae, and singularly
^OAtrsated toi what I bad wUiicssed tittle mora tW a yea; sinc^.

Crit. Rjby. Vol. IL November, 181S. .1 T

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S14 JM6i>e^'9MtiA

An^^ artniery ; VliMIe i^^-Fbice "^ Louii KV; as ^elt ub «lie gtttdM

wirfl di^8€ld feitiftl«v;*«MiPaHsiiifi b«ux.' * i- 1 li * • **i'

^^After Lord B <■>■<» Ind' left his tif^tebes wilh ttefimiM
secretkry^'liifl Gifaccf 'belitt^ cmt/ wer drcft^ 10 theHoM T
in th^ Rue de flkbdiMi, <wfc«i% ire engaged a suite i^'
fot* ntne N^poleotis i^er w^ek« which would last j^
Mtp ' Cohsidering the^grtet influx diat ma^ be esepeetod
an inteteitlrig'pmod, it caaSA net but be rnnniilfifd trry — —mn
^ble. But there are'n^Bngiish* here now but the mkViJmf^smtd
they are aH-eiicaatoped; •. • * *♦;.

*' We dined at Hardi*8^ on the Boulevards Italien^ and wetit-^i
the Th^tre de VariaSt. ' <The house was crowded wilk tlKfl^^kllM
bflieers of England and- Prussia, no Auslrfans or Russi^na' bairij^
coitte i^p. We went afterwards to the Phlais Royale>-of wlHek ft
has beeh truly ob8erved> thatt it has not its parslle} ift*B«feo^> afld
that it contains etrery thing to inform the understandinf^sHBd'oiM^
rupt the heart! We took so^ ices at the Caffe deHKlteO^kahiMgf
where the Belle Lemonadiere still pteiKdes in all tkaftoito'itf
beauty. She ia much thinner than when 1 saw her lasi yeaf^aad
looked ^ety handsome. But. there is something in theaiykj—d
manner of a French beauty, and of French women in genertd/tkal
does not correspond with those ideas that are naturally pkodiieed
In contemplating the charms of our own oouniiywoiiien : iiyef
are:liv^y, they are easily approached, and without i^eset^rei beit
they want that softness/and that ' native tnodesty/ 'whidievwy
Bugllshman feds he has left behind in the British f»r. • - <
' ** The Bdie Lemonadiere complained* to me of the Bngliah
hhvlng occupied the Champs Elysi^es as' a* bivouac. It appears t»
haveglv^ great offence to the Parisians. - • > -

; '<^ While- we ftat at dinner at Hardies, the ^n^ietor 6f Russia
dre^' by in a ncarriage and six, follawBd by five others with Hie
laaa^ number pf horses, in his entrance into Furis. Uewas-liM^
any escort," or guards. I remain, dear Sir, &c.'' *> ^- *

After this pretty prattle about the fiarrier.qf St. DeMi
idrimken EngUsh Arotyp^y motley bivouac^ of- sUxce^ and Jreemen,
ix^the handsome Lemonade girl^ the reader will derive somfe
little relief from the perusal of > tolerably intelligible descdp-
lioii of Napoleon's '^Arch of Triumph.'*

' "^* We Went 'tb see the Artfhx>f TiiUttiphi wlrioh .mnds imiag
ihnk ^ac^ OfiheTuiUeHes. Louts XVIIf. is j^ptoJopostiarion
tif the latter buildfog, the'eenirerof which ia<xiastru««ed'«f biwm
^nd reddish mkMe, ttui «imtf tiaa tfo^aitewld the fifoloi^«i.^<>« raidsr
it^^ndiegiiishftblitft^m^he rastiof /that>s|rfendidi«(MfiQa. ^QAas^
side t>f the grand entrance are ni<4M»f,^kil^jyKb fei^-iwor busts.

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«i>«ltemitinies« Tke ,^m» i« filQni.pJf. tUe C vouzel is divj^pA ty
m kfmm^^Sf ^'^9k rwas quite »cr(>^ the JiQUare; tb{fi xailifig
)lMttafef«|^«iiBg^<oir gateifoays, in^.^e^j^^ddlc; of wjbi/;lb ^tiiicts
ibe arch» placed there by Napoieoii^to qonuaepacMrate the victories
iwt;ifeP>r9f ^h«, gcfuid acoa^ i it i« fortf-vfiy^f^ei ia }i^ig^))tj. sixty
•HINME^Md twe»ty-fiv«f fe^ 9ii&, iiicb^ in tUqkoeas, coostrufitM
iftnintotiQa^of tl)e Axch of Septifzius.Sev/sinA^ atHpme. It h^ts
Dl|a»-^|y^f^>iai»^ U sifpported by.ct^^.fCQlura^s. of Jt^ai^edoc
Hmrblf^ q^.t^e Corintbiaa oi^r i ^, thi^ iQp of e^ th^re is a «ta-

' tMim^ ihc^ wbole supportiog the p^e^tal, on .ifljfich. U plained the
tmUQ^pb^f^iMr^ to wh,^^ are attM^ed thep4niithiaa hbrs^ broug)it
from Venice. On each side the car 1$ a colosaatfigureji.i^jprescnt-
ing Peace and Victory. The whole of these figures are gilt. Jn
th#.pe^tre of the tablet that, decorates the arch in the middle is, the
figure of Napoleon lathe imperial robes, drowned br Victory: lyfijd
on each side the tablets are bas-reliefs, cofflmeuioraliv^ of llie m^-

• morable actions fought in the campaign' of I'dOSt th6 one t»tiie
le^ of the ob6erver> on the siSde of the' C^otMtel, r^^yreteais, the
capUutation before Ulm, at the top ofivhioh la a. cuirasiiecitnd a
-^hra^Qoft^ on ike right hand, on the scuuie'^^ is r«^reaeni^$^t>i)e
trietoipr.iaf-»AA9ster|it«, the stfiM^ea at the top^ are ^jcha^^eur^ao^.e
caiK^UDt^fk . hit tur]^{Qg ^^the rig))t,.on the .side of the TuUleri^,
thf^tc^ffMikCeof th^)fr«i)ch into Vienqa ia represented in has-relief.
T^ i|i|6-relief tq the left^ opposite the palfice, represents the King

. of Bavaria returaiug, to his capital, C9nd^cted by Napoleon j the
Btatues under this are a grenadier of the line^ and a. Cfirabinier of
the line. On the right is the EmperoY of Austria at. the bivouac of
Kapoleon; the two statues above represent, in bas-relief/ a can-
Hdnief -ot the line and a sapeur. ThebaB-telief opposite thfe gate-
tray, -leading to the River Seine, is a.repMseotation ofkrtb^ Peace
of P^esburg. France is seert in ail parts/of this arclt aa victorious,
and flgurtes with gptflaada, wraatiiaof lawrelji.&o. are.qiiow^g the
Saiperor^ The • vjttorion^ geuerals^ trppp^,, limitary anpjiQfur,, ^o^
^phi^ of varkNi«'fsar^»,^|icr9u^d,fhe whole $; aod^. certainly no
object can be more spiking a^^ beautiful tt^,^ gn^.^^ve a1[*

tempted to describe.*' . / . . .. i , '^

• ' ■ ' • *.*'.'.'/.> '

In pages $5 and 2'4 we fiiid the acHsdunt (tt^AuhilrBJ^'tiinas

xecoiinted, before Mh' Ffelldwes lekrut tx>^riti$ SO etegatrtly)^ 6f

the merited cKecutidii 5f a Ktng^ who^liod Onty-tarefnaififaMi^

ftiPto liis own solemn engajg'emetft tvfthliiir'for^tihg^beopte, to

save'his'life, and be e^taltM to tli« cliMictef of > IMted 'Hun

uAtA-- A powmfiilK\ng,;nMf iDv^n^tte-oftari deeeW^ wd

'tft^tdfed Sovereign hadiong .feaftd hidn r ^ttd now he;;n^ri^

imre%eicb»r « greatKih^i tbeK4figof <a >ftf^'natJoii»..7|%e

'H^nd p(mgni)[»h •of th« fiMiitii letHr-wifttni^aA itfutmmiSAtii,

cf t^tikh W« liad reperilCdfy4io««^'4lld liAIcklirtiilriyt^iW.

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NqfX)leoa ^had been st6pp^ at Kocb^fort^ ud;^ Uoid^jBded %
.^woEngmh frigates, — •* • - ^ , • ^^ .

are in tx)nsiiierablc tor

affect to bold tbe nainc of'* N'apoTeoii " m g^at < -^ -^ ^^

pay be 16 quite out of fastklon since be lost the last bstt)£^%iiRl n
ffom his df my . They kppekf to have tamed fttnt lilrii- c^LWii^iJlHQi
The other threfe IHrectore atfe said to be in Pkrf^V^a^FaieK,
Dtike of Otranfd, Has the ^N»ff^eMtl2e of Mvttiafer c^^^tto^. r:«fc4
Kaid to have secretly ikitrigiiad with the AlHes, a«rd ln^«AMI»
able inteence iti pro^ringand hastetihig' tiie late &fadic^B«te«f
'Napoleoti. He has acootdingly beea rewarded, by obt#tpti|^^-
mission to resame bis forn^er office."

^ This B€crei intrigae of Fouchtf with the men who had robbed

hk Master of a Ti^ooe^ and his fellow subjects of their ^ledid

Rukr> was ^ worthy; of the arch villain by whom it wai| ad<tfK-.

.€id, -Sfi it was natoraUy rcywarded by the fim»» Farty it tended to

f^arve^ - The Capetian cabmet always exoettedibe BriUsb in ibe

^8eI|>elltit]6>8eienoe of iwirtgice; aiid now the counofl of JViopi-

'^toyn e^c^rienc^ its polieflcy. Looia^ by a veiy aaJatakenmrfcy,

^e^ lately banished Pouchy from his ceuit/ We wondor at

such a weakness, even in Louis. Such a ministeT vould hmt

been invaluable in the next ruptiVre with England. Betfdes

..that he had proved hirpsdf the very dsemoa of tUbason, perfily

.persomfiedy his new connection was tia^iira^ and pQ|i}d iiot k

innocemtly violated, even by a Kiag.

In the succeeding page^ Mr. Fellowes reminds ns of what
niontkfsifioe^ every . newapapier in Eagland nwg with; the
blushing mortificataon with which the Prussians regarded the
4>eaut^(i4 bfidge of Jenaf and ^Adfr impsrtiant wash to blow it
lip. llns m'agnafniirtidtis desijgti, 'Wie *M« tf»lii^ w^Mld fawre ben
tealT2idd»butfor the tirtely fntxtposMon dfthtDnke of WelJIiig^
ton. "TrtieBrtCish cdmrhfanfler, not a barbafian ; tiioogh edl-
Icagued with Prussians, saw no national disgrace in defeat} OJe
had:Uiin^f ba^ o^y ^isc<)mfiwdi) .^haj; the only just rcasdn
^for.a'baat^^aimiy t<>.h]Msib^sj(]| it lias djpne. its utmost) is .in tlie
4iadn€«s of Hs «a«ae, he ^i ka^^ r. W was sccreUy ^ensl^
of tihe AoiquiJy of 4ha :D9tti»erii^ ^leqpQt^, in commencing a ^Tij-
^iride Uglundt %peta|ileiyhoy 4rUh iSil their f«|l^ real onjcxag-
r|;eratad) )md, tbeivirtii^toatsive to be free. The JDoket Aa^
lfbte> plated hiniself andlMHUa £agliBh'siddsei8,rapoq 'Aearehed
th'^ume^t of French valouri af^prhitag kta 4in«iviKaed «o*^
jnfatriy thar ^^h ^h^ itmAf^iif Jmui^ th#y wnnlH i^pftiy tbeir
JMii|kiNraifu :.. W« J|Wl^*hiftjGp«M(^ . ^HM j4t<l ^y%esaa-
der such circumstancesj execut^4heiraMonla^Byau»jaustjMme

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f^i^^ *%^^^^ harftfi^iqifi^tW jpemiitt'ed sticTi ti iei^f
TMfcjyrm^ lotigy tedious, an9' friydl<mg

f^fSSxmj^^ facU^ <fuly mterspersecf witii idle scaii*

^ jB^ifet die Ducfaess of St. "Leu,, and two emperors (Napor
p^if^ir^iifi^^ti9ad^ I jEmQ4^nd foe! foi^ io the liaad^ of WQr
|ni^ti^^ip4 Mthoiv who do not write half .90 well as womaiy
^4Mm dolb'iMmetioKi spore ? y Bot through such diit we shall
tM%e^«xl|R!ttedtowdd^, wc%hiir«lbre' leave it •to^6tter faandai
kiiiif^DrrSJthe Editor tif the Thnes, will take «p thie thenae
ftnd^l^ktid. It appews very eivident to Mr. Fellowcs, *«that
without an entirely new army, Louis cannot be safe/* Bjr
coupling this with Sir Robert Wilson's ^iiA/uZ intelligence,
thiU l^apoleon^Uoned lib trcx/ps in Egypt ^"w^ learn thp secret^
4ld-VEdu6ble to a chief how to insuperably attach to himself the
iitliiSle 4ii)itery force of lits country! If pdsoning part of «a
tntoy, 1»tb secure the fiddiQr of the remainder, that fidelity i^
ttf Wast^ a presumptive cviclence of the partial poisoning ; mi
il^'^cort^sKUlErt^Str Robert OR a cirfmmstance iksat cornea so
powerfully in (M of a rqH)ri which, tilt die soldiery of Franee
^jfevhi^^t^d'theJr^nchKngeaWc partijllibf for their Imperial Captaii,
y^6 ' w^i^ !»oiliewhat islow to credit.

'*" !P^ing a number of trivial time-scrvinff verses and songs,
jSttcb as Mr. F. j^eard of the- Parisian playhouses, such as are
-|»iWayp'^eady?or,any cause, and always most overwhelming |a
a bad one*, we present the reader with another favourable spe-
cimen of Mr. F.'s powers, when pure descripiion liolds the place

'^Ifmjie. Speaking of the Hopital des Invalides, he says,

i.* 1; ^ .. . . . . /

' f^ Vhis: supesb' pile of building, .which I visited ia May JIS|4,
land which I shi^l op w dascrib^to you as it ivas then circumstAn^,
;at«iid$*iii the »ldst of a.«>!«fit .esplanade^ surrounded wiit;h fine
ivalki|4uidgard<^n#. There are apartments for six thousand mep.
It haa<jBve courts, oi^e witl^in ih^.c^her. With open colonades.
, At ^egrfind entrance, on the^fiigade are the colossal statues of
Mars and Minerva. In the centre i5 a fine bris-relief, representing
'^Justice and Pnidence C and on ih^ four quarters are flgiircs repre-
senting the Conquests 6f louiflf XTV. The <lirtner-hall is filfed with
jiainlSngs 6f the different bbtQts' iff the rslgn of Louis XIV.
' ''*Over We church ^s'^d inagiiificent <dom«» gilt, wfaiek hosra
' pM antt'slrlkiiig effeift, from whatever part of Paris it. is.sacfi.
ineinaid^prstenyiiiiitiiaitihreof adigmis^aiid miUtar} ^leeorutMHls.
:Xhi^WQRliQ£lba:gi89* F««4M^ ofP^russia was suspeuUe^ tt^^fp.

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lUtp.P^ri^^UiclMjr. pl^imcd it,, and spp^ if to l^eHin. -^rat
it.ljadbeen taken by " J^'apoleoD. ^'It^as removed J)Vt|v
Veteran/ The different nags \vhicli had dccctf ajfed 'tlbc ._ .
l;reen previoiisly burnt, it \^as said^by the Invalids, to'j^^r
fkllfhfi^ into the eneniy*8 hands. ' • ' V

'* The TftoAumeM 6f the great Marshal TttireitrBe \n oii*tlke v^^
JMmd. It tiras retnovted by Na)[»oleon'« orders irufXt the ckOs^Mtt
Sttbt Denld, and plaeed wherd < it now i^ Tiiircime t» nepr^pcvM
/■ipiris^intha arms. of Victory; aodin baawrelieC ia-lj^ -tiafttlf :.«t
•Xttvkf iiii» where he fell. It is reckoned a fine piece of^«cn1|iinif»
#^ im that of the celebrated JV^^abal Vauhan« vv hich is ,pa} jlJUfr pfpo-

4je»K«- ..... *.., , , w... ■. .

/^, In one- of the chapels, that of St. Augustine, we saiw tliejbo*
dies of Marshal Duroc, Bessieres, and General L^Ariboissicrj?,^ -W^
^'ere killed in the late campaign, lying in state. ' The coffins y^ffrt
cbVereri with superbly embr61dered'pallS 'of blftek vctret ; fhk '^frnb
«ff tht deceased also embroidered with th^ imperial ^agfes in ^Orftr.
Tiie ebapel was hong with'black velvet, and wax candletimiaiag
%y.'the bodies. . . ' i , ,. - r . *>.-> ^

*' The fVench Princes wore coming ojjfi as w<l.<eRlPmIx^4lfff
•bad beea to review the Invalids, who were all dressed in their best
cHilifonnsoii tlie occasion, and •! perceived th^ n^o^tjof.ihfat^^ro^
the white cockade. They had been called by Napoleon ip. servf,
and would have been compelled^ no doubt^ to quit this peaceAJl
'^trc:it had the war continued. . . . ..

'" The whole building is very fine, and oftast itteit,*ixm^
'Ihatidlng fine prospects of the neighbouring country, khd kept'jai
exceljept order.'* * . . •.

x\M the .portraits of Napoleon that decorated tlie Sale jqe
Seances, Louis^ we find, has caused to be removed. We hope

.h^. Witt be consistent' and not permit the basts of Demo5tlieiieS|

« Brutus, Cato, Lyc^urgus, Solon, and Cicero to remain.

'• =*Wl\^ 6UY traveller visited thisgmnd hall, he so far foigot
limself as to presume to sit on the dhair', from which the Em-
pcror hpd j3o recently leiddressed the . l^^slative body. Libe the
aupieut tripod,. it h&d the efieet of inMant inspiration^ aMei^
dued him with the faculty of feelingr— of feeling like aman-?^

,of Jamenting tKat Napoleon had l>ech gnlUy of the crim^ dftS
atrocItiQ^f brti^'tly waiting in, tbe field for the enemies of ^

'crou^n and, county.;, just ns Napoleokp 'm.^t have lamented Are

..erimeand coiVardiee of. AlexanckTj \n 'bmoiDg oije of his jxrii^-
•cipal cities,. ratlier tlian face his pursMiBg^fo^ .. XJu^ magic .seitt

. even gifted its new incumbent with the syafii «fttutk|>andout
coipes^tjlie followinirgpeciipen of honesty, asumgallynt js iare»

"^j^i'»v«s.,.tiif lie to, A ladY.,'*^a(^^ "

\yho will not believe Miss VYilUaOMy jgam Al.lww^

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WfMtk/Uk'itihika/ty of 4M)0)£6rii

^tei^*»i^ Eiiipcrbr, thrdAigfct^t the -battle of Watei'UiOj'jprrtred
Vm^^f^ coward. ' WhatsaJ'i' Sff." F^Oowes :' ** 1 haVe becH
fiSfermeJ by an officer' of the sfaff^ who had two n6r$es shot
jmdfc^ ,j!sjijf, in the action of the 18th of JunC;, as well ns %j
^ifw^ JhW> 1^?w1 opportunities of o.b^erving the fact, tt^V'* J?^T

EH^m^ ii wa^ &^^ /f'Uriog . t)ie >vbo)^ liaitle i» th^ Wie$^ pi( tlt^
e 44 ;mifd tW.lw cfaj^M^gi^ j^peatecUy .at . the head of the. old ^
eWPArr-" .'-•«.: . ' '- • . . . . . I. • . .;

r 'Wi^eut'bnif disgoslM^ tiie r^aderi with forther .jrtBiftrks o«
tltts^ Tif>kl catehnpehny, he will Bew^. be able to. judge* of dM
wisdom of ^buying and of being fAtigcied ^ktHH the wb<rfle.^ Oif
duty has compelled us to read and halt, and halt and read to the
Visil line« If a ringle .pucchaseV does not, by the ttiife ludl^fias
Wi^ved.at the.pages to wh^ch.we have conducted hiaa, duil^^di^
iMkdi^^aDd bless his Mari that heisiiotai«viovfr,.iseiwill.cesi
traet^our present opinion of its merits. jo ;/

^11 . I • -^ '•, ■ ,• I ■' •,:-ja^

li^rr/ BI^^OMMtf/ «fi(f^ MeHlcai Tale». By Mrs, Brtjlit, Brfstok
-.7« ^ • ♦ evo.'Pp. 141. 1815. = ^» rr

Thb locality of this pub Ji cation would probably, but for mere
accideiit, have, excluded it from our notice. We'- aye glad^
^Wever, that it has be^n thrown in our way. * The'' dischargi
of bur critical duties is never so pleasant as wlieri'dlre'ctpdt^
tl^ enqptjnjgement of bashful genius. ^ "\ \ '> .'t^'

*' From tfi'e preface (affecting in the particular? of dom^Sti<j
biography to which H alludes,) ingenuous, niodest, dcltcat^, ancj.
dignified, we extract a passage, which, while it expljiins the
motives of literary exertion, bespeaks the sensitive aUd graceful
pride, inseparable from the consciousness of talent.

*' Dreadful and aceixmuhited mnst be the evils that ran crush
the independent nnod. Alas ! it is a pitiable struggle : few are
its vesouxces : opposed by insult, injustice, and treachery; cruelly
irounded* yet unyielding, its efforts sometimes cease only in that
fajte which, they accelerate : and the case bt comes aifectingly height-
eoedp when the welfare of those helpless obrjects of teijderest in-
terest depends on 'the exertions to which they stimulate. Mrs.
Charlotte Smith, under the tatter circumstance^ became a success-
ful candidate fdr pdblic sn{)port3 but Mrs. S. required "no indul-"
gence ! on the c6"htrary, her genius arose an6thcr 'jtar in the 1!-^
teraryhemiBphere of her country/ contrib'uting to*'itf?^lory; tin*;
tarnished by that dark cloud of affliction from tWdrtS* it bowt
pM.atui%nlliant;aild.over which it shed ra3rs of beaucy.' Ad-

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iiiincilrotiian ! liktrnkmollierbttMir MjSbTi^ftm^i UariS H

«'■ After this it miglil appear highly preiumgl^iJfWf^.jmi^^
the influence of accidental similarity of circamstan^ towiLras tlM
present production j yet ims.k .osntribiHed 'lla--effeA -, not, how-
ever> inducing the vain hope, of ohtaining her ^snev^ or fame
The writer respects genins too much even to wMilhgkiheed which
ought to he its sole and sacred reward. Yet liHle'ur she offers,
1^ declines the ostentattntm bomiiy of which ikis'^ntdttst or ih«
guilty only can erer stoop to be theol^yflrta: thtre§m^, ipmmd as
Sie declaration may be tieemed^ she is compelled to obBerre, tfasi
where neitlier the motiire nor the yrrftowiMnn obtrfi^ any other
tsUmation, she should be.aofry that the voiiMia. itwki be pw^
chased, becottse *] pity her; "

hfas« Bryan has assuredly other clainis than those on
oonpassioD. These unpretending productions are of a Teiy
dUffwent stamp from the mawkish and tawdry sentimentalittes
of our Rosa Matildas and Ansa Marias, lliere ts> ^ soft and
genuine sadness in the air of many of these compositiop^ Uiat
touches the heart, as it comes from the heart : the thoughts
are original; the ilow of famgaage is easy aad vapremeditatedi
and the turas of expresrion are often singularly graceful. Irre-
gularities occur which betray an inexperienced hand; but there
is always genias in the sentiment. The whole bears the im-
jpress of a refined^ enthusiastic^ and cultivated inindj keenly
alive to impressions that awaken sensibility, and deeply deroted
to the objects of its cherished aflfections.

In the following stanzas our readers will be reminded of the
pensive and tender elegance of the Portuguese canzonsj as
translated by Lord Strangford from Camotos.

** Yes — ^thou wilt gaze on lovelier eyes,

But will they beam alone on thiuo?
And if they make as fond replies.

As tender look and brighter shine;
If dearest Henry were a wAy>
Would they so mourn that weary day
In tears like mine ?

" Yes — thou wilt find a fairer breast,
^ ^ A heart to heave as fond as uunei

With sighs as soft to sootiie thy n.'st, • .. . -

And love with all the love of thine :
But if my Henry left the plain^
Perhaps that hciut would sigh again*
Not break like mine."

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' nt^otittim'omtai'."- '■■-■• ■•■"'■>•■■ ■■■■'■ -•>-'•

i '-.tir/i :-. lAfMitiita pftkr^ottUKr Itle t

1 m:{| V :v>A«lmlMn9i»tK>i0ew«iRi60lrtb9:ear»

i: :» .* ;< impatient lAitn thou UriltiHit turn

I ?f . Wfctii I mm'm§gbr^riorlmk*^w9r mamn i -

Nor one pulie tbiob, thougk U|aii art nji^li*

Tki then — 'tis there — a cheek so palc>
j^ t : J • Duscorn'd ciny teU ao frfiil a tale.
.J^ ' . And tbon, p/^rhaps^ e'en tlu>u mayest prove.

To love a he^ft tnou xianat not move." .

" ^^'"^''^'is the plaintive apliraiding ten(Jemcs$ of tjie followinip

r

^ ^i

!)zas

r

,. ^. Wearj f>M» the wi^lry: b^vuifji s

.. , ^ dU u«(:Aicer-d, UAfafeBt bfr^hM^ i

W^tr j gbqsa «Ad wUhfsnjpg A9 i

',,. Ah I they wqJI resonaUe.we.

\' -» ''^•ret^ieavrtheflanntlng'iWr, . • .f

^^l. . v;iMI«MrV«kiAlfili«aMHt»'€0e:

Leave the 8qittr:<h$tAliinWi«.9h9fo
liRariicr wJb«^Qi4y( foiilva^il (ht0.

^ ■'**' ' How* ftint tHe smile on her wtnche^k,

YetcottlA^ttberuitoArk Itt^^fearj ' " '

And thig «ig1i***^h t1|i8 WouM flfiesJl :
llesisllefis Bpeak<—could'tt Ihou bVit l|ear t

Bat soon adown her fading cheek

Unheeded tears will cease to flow :
Unheeded sighs will cease it> speak :

Her hri$akittg heart Its hoptness woe
Forgetful with its loi^ roigti; •'' '
Cold as that faithless breadtoftblMr

, V ♦ . .1 -». ^« - ' • •

A> aonoet 8weeD|F fmniiuM, diaica'f et* impAaiioiie^ skaH

.c)(90eQm'€xlracta«^ "^

•1 • ' ^ '

'' Illusions fair ! again mjrHeniy bring !

Not indistinct your lovely mockery now, ,.. -.

For I have gazed ddighted on his fotm.

And press'd with trembling lip his graceftd brow. '

Trit. Rkv. Vol. II. November, 1815. 3 U

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• > U**Oh!'iMll%a(mMj^HlMf4o(^eir'iilt«tf|^ '^^^nd'/^rr ^

Who soothe in every pain, in every woe j . . i » /. i,>t* x:s^
Who love like her — who loves, alas! in vain ?
Wholeav«.Jthe4»raaMLafiA»4o4i9al(vluiir9 *. . ■■ ..■ .^ ^ ^
Watch his return at twilight's promised hour.
And smiling greit hiati, if his fortuites smil^, /

But closer press him «hen if fickle ibHunes lower > i ^ -
Then bid him leave the worthless socner^sid prove. • .
Spite of a chuiging world, the blist of chsngdess 1i^ve.*^\

We also refer the reader to the lyric monologue on an orphan
infant, the survivor of twin brothers: to the story of Anna^ a
beautiful girl who pines away in a mysterious melancholy s and
to the simple yet exquisite stanzas descriptive of a brother's
ramble with his sisters, one of whom is wasting in consum|i->
tion. These are much in the spirit of the Lyrical Ballads ef
Wordsworth, ^vith an air of unlnDrrowed feeling very dkliact
from the mannerism of a studied copy. ' ^

■ The author herself designates her poems as "theproduii-
tions of a very youthful or much enfeebled mind :'* and adds>
that **if they possess nothing to approve, neilliter cultivatiott^
nor practice, norretuming health and strength, will enable her
to produce anything Worthy future attention." Our convic-
tion, that they do possess something worthy ^fapprobation, can-
not be better shewn than by pointing ovtt (he instances in
which we think her powers 1ni9ceptiMeo#nnifi#ovement. Mrs.
Bryan has unhappily ventured on blank verse : tempted like
other young writers by its dangerous apfMu^nt facility, and un-
suspicious that its /complicated structure- of harmony exactsr,
.more than any other^ i^rvangement of' metre, a chastened tod
practised ear. She caniequently forgets that the emphatieal
cadence of Its syllable modulation is regulated by the same law
as the couplet ; and she mistakes the nature of its divisions, or
breaks in the successive lines; so thdt slie.ls led to di^rjoiB
ivords from their natural connexion, as the adjective, for m-
stance, from its ooun, uDder the impression that their separate
position constitutes the prdonged or floating pause. She has
also suffered it to oBteoiH^Jjer reco^ecUoirtbat we sonnet, how-
ever irregular may be/its interior mechanism, is absolutely re-
striiiteilin lis form tbVoaiteen liim;. atiH tjilit whenit «kc6d[s
this stated number, it loses the name of sonnet^ HMd 'iMcMiiift
either an Idyl, or an Elf gy, or an Inscnptioa. Let Mrs. Brvan

E've up any future attempt' at blank measure : let her oukivate
5r lyrical vein ; and let lier bestow on her productions that
care of cgneclioa wlikh- tbey UDqueftipM)>ly 4a^t¥e/aad wfe

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may ventare Id fir0ikt»^lhei1falntf«/ei«r^^

tify the praise of geouit and httUng wbidBk Ue^ haw aadkrded to

her early efforts.

-*^

A AT. X — ^l. W Sermon fir tlie Ben^t of the Widows and Orphans of
that Part of the British Army which fell at Waterloo, June 18,,
1815, JO ghriottsly J^htmg for the Peace of Europe. (!!) By the
Ret>.'W.A: Armstbono, A.B. PA.S. Curate of Chcshunf, Herts^
andLectnrer of Enfield, Middlesex, 8vo. Pp. 18. Cadell & Davis.

^,— Waterloo Subscription^ A Sermon, to recommend the ^ame, preached
at St, Marifs Church, Whitechapel j and printed ai the request,
' ' and prmcvpally for the gratification, of the Hearers, By Daniel
"Mathias, M.A. Rector. Pp. 23. Rivingtons.

Pqutics in the pulpk we unequlvoeally abhor. The sacred
cb^racter of an expounder of diviae truth, the holy functions'
of a spiritual instructor of mankind, and, above all, the amiable,
tHe. virtuous, and the peaceful doctrines of Christianity, ought
net^r to be so prostituted to temp<x'al purposes, as to be made
the instruments of the propagatioa«of principles utterly incon*
si$tent with them. Politics and political actions, have no na-
t^ral connection with religion, no obvious relation^ip with its
iat^rcjBts ; and whenthey are so perverted to the common eye as
\p bear soqae appearance of that connection and that relation-
ship, it is the bounden duty of every enemy of popular delusion,
to dateet and expose the hypocriay titat designed, and the fraud
intended to be aoeomplished by, the heterogeneous commix.-
twf<;.

. Of all the topics 4br discussion whieh lie witliifl^the widely-^
<»itf.nd^d circle of poUtiqs, dKre.ari»iiQQe} most unqueflioMUy^
so diametrically repugnant to the plaia tenets oi the sacred pro-^
fessipn, as war and. its concomitant horrors. The sacred pro-
fession teaches peace; war, therefore^ is its natural foe ; thesR«>
cred profession is the beat support of vir);ue, Mrar necessarily
confounds virtue with vice; the former tends to allay th^ worst
passions of the heart, the latter has. no other operation than to
aggravate them ; the former proclaims ^ good will Cowards men,'
ibe latter is the most cruel species of misanthropy. That a
niiMlt«r/tbens{bre,'ofiafiysiteiBr of piety, which assodafes only
^Uh ,tfae wartUer attribi^es of our nsetiire, siiould so per-
vert ihe dntiesjof fatdioffiee, and he so r^eeJdcss of the responsi-
bttityofhis Qh«rge)'aato»deem it righteous to select the pre-
SMtt subject fixreialPgyy oaube'eiKfilained only by supposing,
thalJherortsJ&poQiMtcfleslod mati^^ sadpreferahvown per*

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9841 Sbi 111011^ wi/'JxUt 4lfmU^- IPVMVldMHiMiP^MRMi#

^oaApntftOtfrtmiktmtm^b^y&i^v^AMkm^ ^

it detedt and tdtbe ir«Mkre ^ llui Mdt oWifitAi0lii'>ll»y
bis iot to preside, iimto^ the notion th«Cimr M^mMfi*
OMndable, be foifeils Iris title lo tKe spiritual ehfthict«f(;^'-i|ijp
«R4oHbg iheWotfdf denfe of the fleM of Itttlie^ hi^^liMeft*
the hearts of his auditors. In the iri^t case, he is i^hfpofSAti
to God } in the second^ he dealsi fr^dtilentljr yiiOi hk^ liUo^
creatnrei. ^ '- * -/

The efiects of such irreliponn condod 4re banelU in t^ ^
ireme. The c\etgj who ought tobe theeplightefiefsMiribe
community in spiritual and moral concerns, are thus coiivtfte4
fcito an engine of politiea] chicanery. Whatever meastifes^ eorr
nipt rulers may suggest, whatevet burdens they may wish'to
lay on public Industry, whatever excess of authority thcy'no^
employ, whatever enormities they commit, are palRated, if ii^
lyh<41y and unreservedly landed, by the tim^sernng Mid MBnt
torian voice of eeelesiastical agency . And we have the *Wt-
stance before us to shew, that when a conflict of arms t«*nfti^
nates in our favour, no matter by what means, no malief ik
wbat cause, no matter for what object, no msiater uiider ti%ai;
oircamslanee8,«-tbat the. entire priesthood o^ the kingdoto'la
put into vequisitiaD) for the expess purpose of dandling Ihe
pabllc eye with a gorgeous and smilen ^splay of tM-pMid
glories of the combttfc, an^ by ^e giare of irictovy^ Iddii^ iMs
alt^tton 6ofa the groes infringement of turtkinal r^Ma wiiidf
-was tlie of^imd cause of its aehievement. . '. Mi>

. It is ilotour intehtion to here debate lht»4fQC»tfdn, h^^fm
the cause of |astioe was advasiiced or deftaasd I^ rtie'bMris^
the afiaar at Waterloo^ we lumply itesign to state our opiniM
on the obaennstions respediiig it of the Reterefid getilieMbii
^ivliose names stand prefixed to tl«e preSMt- selittons* M^.
'Armslvottgdedare%-Adt ''; * ''^

"'"It is a sacred truth, and proud of i^ should i?yery Br^toi^ j^fi^,it^
fhat a spirit of heavenly tienevolenco pcrcejrtitly hovered Wf^fiiP
th)Op» In fh« field 6tiiSLtt}e, and inffuenced'dleilr spirfjt^^'s^
' ii'tWe t^rk of death was Wrought and dobe. '' |C U updtt fM «-
-<i»d atidiliitttfetdfd IshaH (^Ih) be r^tered in heaven^ M»
Ji^aidB at mgd^:*' •'- • < ^jr*i.^. - . i.- • ..r n«j'i

c Wo^wdttld ghiAy^ learn bjr -ultat authority

pronounces, '< that a spirie^tf^heavartf beAavalt

iMvdredx>aer our tvaopa :'^ ht imot s«tiiiipl:>«i, wv^^h»uic|

.:aa to. wiskvaisr auppose that lie oMdved tteimeH^$M(W 9Hk^

yelation from heaven. PMtafiriana^^lbs^taMi* m^ Miia

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^.A!»tl^}e#A|itlefl him tamaketb^^^S^rtjipn? If ^e do^ {aodil .
( Ihe qnpfil favourable construction lUs WQr<l3 lulmk) yeanswtr,
l^ll^fisst, plsipe, t^h^it. vrb^Jk is iilWaW« ip a4ig0lem»taoce of.
^'.:giveD <i^se, ia eqp^ally «o in etery reeun^pe of ^baleMei
MiW, iipc^ ^ Qa$fa tft that niKCfi^ M e«id€«Mie of the mpectal
MTotectioQ of heaven; ponscqueatly Mr* A is bound tognm^
.b^lh^ .niufm^m triomphaofiNwxd^ntoreroiirAl^wertt'
M<|W€4 Airongh iivm&ugentf^ Biat' will Mp« A« admit thM
It w^ know any thing of the class of peisons to which be be^
Longs, we n^ay confidently s^ b^ .vill not. . If bed^ not. Jib
asoortion is felo de se. In the second plaee^ we would ask Mr. .
^ what he wpuld have thought, had the contest terminated as
it promised in its commencement to tenmn^te? Would he
hme Sfdd of the then successful troops '^ that a spirit of hear
jpfnly benevolenee perceptibly hovered over tthem?" Would h^
have allowed himself to eonfBeive that IVovidence interfered in
,t^eir behalf? If he say no, we answer, that upoQ IvA o«n f rin*-
f^tples, as far as we can penetrate th^m, he contradicts .himsalf^
fpr he .entertains two mutually repugnai^jL sentiments npon one
8^id tk^ same circumstance. But there, is a folly not )ta,eM it
-stblasj^my) in attribuUog tbo «no9eso of the sword to the
IC^ityy qducb is; shocking to any wc^ rejpilated wfindi What
ja U^bist ffo^fism^ the Creator tbe dclibcnile destroyer of Ua
crcatu|r«es; to affirm that \\0 delights to n^ake one part- of his
ii^fcildren ^nf^fvors' of another? If a solitary example of the
^orimeof iion}ieide be tafcen, the infernafity is immediateTy tic-
jkaowfedffed. An individual convicted of slaying his fellow
oroatOFe IS held up to universal aceeratioA. No one thinks of
pvpegyrissing. hiim <H',of thaBking.beaven fpg thc'snqpess wJUohi
' attended his fatal purpose* Were the oa^e of sneb ^ci^iirit t<^
be submitted to the moral or theological adjudicalion o^ Mr^
'AMftrong, he would undoubtedir say, that every law of divine
aath<)rity had been vioiaMffy ^^t the mfn was sAopan^nemy
' tb b|s sj^ctes ; he wpMld surely nat^ entertain tlie ramotest id«r
.pf dfcjaring ^^ thata qfurit of .hoaveoly benevolence nupeiieep^^
tibfy boverad o9«r'' hini^ wfceii he perpetrated tlie deed. Am
yet what is Ike gnittm this ame^ in comparison with the incal*
lSiMh4rtKMiJliflirieM0f'viMf«--Nevvrite the former % to

Iwiipppahiilejb endljhq lalteristilcgiaedi --.,--

.n-Ms«Molhiae f^eads* the^caoee of the edieier»«t HiB^eMAl
>ld ctf bfia^ ki|ofty}itr4lp3> mm like a.Cbttich mOitantthan*.
j|Iios4pa«6€te«< H^affiiMii^t, .. r* >
^^Tbe^^geniaseir ShtaiftUke tlis sun inaaedUpse^ strug

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S2& Sermons i» Jidqf,i^fV(it(efl^tSi^ictiptitm

the more she is opposed, burs^ fortib f^Piq tbei^o^ tihf4 i^^ndi

obscure her splendour and siok in endless night her g|c^u9#a w^
her name, and not only opens brigtiter prospects to her brave, her.
toiling, and enduring childrep, but c^ses other natioas to turn
t^eir eyes, and fix their hopes on her as the only rpck ^ tbek
defence and security amidst the pverwhdming storm .of i^nju^l
aggrandisement. .

** The Sea has long confessed her superiority, and here (where?)
Ker miyies ride triumphant ! a new field of content opened to her
▼aliattt sons, ^nd* the laurels to be gained are soon to equal (sur-
ptss they oannOt)^ in splendour that naval wreath of glory, whidi
80 long Imd graced her brows,'*

Hume, $rid Smollett and De Lolme, and many other learned
layiDeOj in .their proper places, hdve told us this; the Rever^od
Rector hoivevcr, might l^ave supposed that the whole of his
congregation ox^^ hearers" might not be aware of the fact» or
that it could be no where so creditably told as in the pulpit ;-^
^L^t to proceed with oui: svTmoo,

^ Here* (we cannot discover where, not havipg yet arrived at
Waterloo) " he called himself invincible. But vain were theso
words ! Egypt first sent tidings of emptiness, and Maida* sooa
fleclafred how Britons though outnumbered two to one (no audi
^ing) vtere greatly an orermatch for Gallia's chosen bands!

** With what rapidity^ and with what success brsfve WdtiB^toii
Itroeeodttd on his career of victory, Spain, Portug^, andTraac^
haVe seen and do bear.an»ple testimoajr. • Here all otetaclea give
vay; and town after town, army after army. Marshal after Mar^
shal^ resist, fight, and try their skill aqd fiortune,aiui all eobfiMt to
qipture, to rput> to superior skill, and superior valopr, and are
obliged to confess their inferiority in every thing but ii^ numbers^'*

* TMs In a vulgar heroic poem might sound well; in a ser*
mort' it appears soipewhat frothy: Yet is this niad? up of si-r
nrilar nonscijsc and inflation. Again —

f f* W^ an recoll^cff the battle of Thoulbtise, and the peculiar
ciomnMinocs^ ander which it was fought: we all know how
hanilf it was contested,! and how gloriously it was wonJ I hap-
P|{^jKi tQ Iuiow/(»* cer^eniH iba^our. greaft : hero ji Wellington^ de*'
dared that he had rescued moro tm that occttisiiHi, and waalbr a
Ipnger time doubtful pf success ihaxi in ai^ former engtkgemeak.

'■■ < !' ■' '' . t'l U J"."«( "I'll »i"^» V" • '— ■ ■

'« Mliwas inTorm^d by «n officer, wlro bore a Aistiii|psUhcd_iiart in ^^at
fOg^klQemeDt, that if t^c bokiicrs on both sides had been niceljr (accurately) toM,~
the F^nch wottid have countetl, almost to a oian, tirioc thi^ number of the
^]|«b.** Clergymen would do v^eU hot to lopcat 4ayiiiea'l talee from tli^^

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Sirmrisiiill jM^ike'^ T^a^erlb'o SU2^cri/>(io7i. ^

9llft'bAtK,¥tfn'of gloty'^'ats It wis to our countrymen, tley pu^
hare jrc^fwett/ipared, abd\ve all'wishit had not been fought.** '.

This is bcnevolendy spiritual. We (reviewers) Iveartiljf
vwh that neither this, nor any other battle had been foiiglit^
that no human blood had been shed. The rector's tee, is egui-*
vocal — he meant surely we the clergy. But our rector's reasons
for regretting the affair of Thoulouse arc, *' because it wa»
deemed an'unnecesisary waste of blood.'" So, the other inur^^
derotts conflicts were necessary: — aye to kings^ but divines
surely should deprecate the clashing of arms. The Duke of
Dalmatia is thus slandered in this political harangue*

^' But your pity will be turned to indigpatipnivhea I daolaiB
fSotiR ttenies this declaration,) unto you as a fact, (the Rector
surely did not intend here to discredit his other declarations) th»t
the fWch general, Soult, knew at the time he engaged in this.
battle, that it Was on both sides unnecessary : that he was acr
quainted with every thing that had occfirred in Paris ; and h^
^new/or certain that hostilities were commanded to ctase. flM
he, good easy man, supposed from the strength of his positioib
that he should obtain a decisive victory over our brave country-
men, and throw a lustre over his fallen fortunes. The issue rao
counter to his calcnhitlon and expcctationT— and the result put.
•him and hy beatett artny at the mercy of the conquerors? Had it
at tile Mn& tiiii»|Mit thetn in possession of this fact, the punish*
nicttt oftha iniQsttee ought to have been as consummate as the
affC8cfaef|^ ' IMS/ '

Bttt thisy by so means^ is the extent of the diverging^ df
Me« Matbias* He leads us forth to the sanguinary scelies dF
old-H^ressy and Agincourt; eulogizes Malborou^h^ and im)»
mortaIi2e&W.ellingtoi\! ! For tlie latttcihft;ius^t& ^all-be>b|ittC^
<^ a prouder house ths^i Bleohetm, wM^iaUitc magnifictftioef
its trophies and dear recoUccUoDsshaUigrace our bad^ this lanA
of heroes!" • . '.

Despeoclyiig. from ]L)iis i»i|iph^tio>ubliaAity>'Mr« Matbiaa for
a.bouKQPt sei|ollec(s that ]^ is /gi]»t delivarbg aitioration. After
sotmq stupid, iaveittiye^. s^S^st f ihQdOaemjFt (oait his mmiMl^
enepiy SaffK^^l^uiNiii^d^i^) ^)t4Kr(aiish^^ eashmikAM-

S^heH^(ftr**< t«^<4ai%^ — • s > '•« \ -. " *•

•...,;» <:•. . . #».^j ».•!. ...- • : ^mji ni' 'i' i '* • ' :'":iy-'"
'' Let .us,npt.h«ij/tt(»^tf^l.of. whfit^i^W ^^jji»prs>W€f»oWiged to
suif^r and endure on that $^nal\y' Au^cipu^^jyet wou&dioti^ta^
alidyj/'dckrqyjii^iuy; Brothers AvillJ" call them > foclje ^^Sf9^
ever so mean,' this day ought to bett'er' their condition; i^^lTOj
pfTOudest gentleman \n En«;Jand peed not be a«^hanied to'cfiifyf .
•lliance withli^ yfho shedbis ftlAWTH Waterloo/* ^""'"^

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Tlie plea of diarliy would bave been qpSlt at
deploriog tiie sad eonsequ^MTes of ainftil trarfiire^
that God would turn the hearts of saisguided i^^
toiight the pastor solicit alms for tlie muulated avra^ya
their hapless wive*; and children* Had (Fhs sernfim^^cn
titcological — ^had it been teplete with pietjr and iQSpB<
pentance in the hearts of his congregation, w^ sbott)i£luHri? 0^
tolled not dissected it. When a clergyman lo^es i^||^t ftf'ip
hohf calKng and descends to descant upon polities^ be. JOi^
gavded by his flock; ^'a busy meddling pnest;" iumI to all tbp|i
•moitg whom his rhapsodies are circulated^ he will appea^r.-f
character compounded of duplicity, servility, and folly. jL

Art. XT. — Jn Essay on the Character and IiiAieMce of the St0ft» ff
John Styles, D.D. Pp.334. Williams and Soibu

Thjht Doctor Styles has been no less nncere in the tenets lik
h^ laid down respecting the general influence erf the stage «i)i
public tnanners, than sednlous to convey his aentimeiits ifi
-nest fOiA decorous language, we cannot doubt ; but he will i^
«eine tts if we do not coincide with him and Ronssestt, to Ak
ivil extent of their diaapprobatioa of dra«iatic aanjfcwentt
We are aware diat evils of a trivial Biagfiit«id««ie waepwrnblf
.connected with « public theates tiiataadieiieeaamfrafucBiijr
seduced into the toleration, and even applause 6f%tmgQaig9rmtA
conduct, the general adoption of Which in society wooU
^foiekly aubvert* flie hupiness and well-beihg of ttHoafcitid;
I^Mt actrestes fasve occa8K>naUy to submit to ^tuations^ wid tD
lieari andreply io,ezpret8ions, that would distres$ the fedingi;
Mdiesiapel tbe bloriiet of a stritftly-modest woman. We
fEwn tliat the ncaalriilMB ammmenig of iihe back^boxes m^*
often ictiUect bum the anecM aocne, hints for the {mpnmM|»t
of their profession; that many a highwayman h^ tiwed his
j^.-afionApliidiiueiiti to the pn^ubte example oTMndieath,
#iid'4;hat adjse tstudfef tiie ekataoler of Joseph SnrftteeiriB
pufficer for tk» can^i^Mou 0f a villMn of a Hiore misditefBas
fdescriptkm. Of atiaUa vi|a mt sensMe r but ive^ n^ tdstf f0tte
to the moral maxims and exalted sentifMMI'a# heto^m& M
virtue, that often adorn and ^ggjrandixe the £i;tgli«b IH«i^;
ttd are cettdn «iik a fane portion oJTlfitcf ><fbtHf Mte » %
lifeafire lessbns of msctitttife and noUe Tfxmi^^^W^ ^
'4Niiyi>leasare$ or daily avocatioos^eveht tb/t^'lkp^bg cliiir
■ where. . .»• '..i ■ "^

ifT We agree with our xemoad m^Vs t^^.iqplfiti«Mii

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jdiiiidre^uiire^, oi^does ootr^quire^ relaxation^} andifit dqeSf
vhci^ei' that lelief shootd, or should not^ be withheld I Imt^
livhether those Telax9tioos should not be exempt from pernieiouft
ejects ^ ^tid wh«^ther dramatic amusements are^ or are Dot> mnpx*
lous li.fheir natural tendency ? That, in some degree, the recrea-
tions of t'he stage promote and foster vice^ we have acknow^
legged'; but these sources cut off^ would not the stream of pas*
sion be fed from other equally prolific founts? founts equalljc
adequate to tlie purpose of mpial corruption, but destitute c^
the corrective, or qualifying properties of $cenioentertMnn«Eils?
The man of pleasure, and the Mcentious female woutd. institute'
new haunts, and in every novel rendezvous, an additional school
ft^vIi$iplii^rih'ci(Aes iHfkTdeiltructlve indulgence; but^ere^nd
when, would they hear the voice of reason and virtue ? of mo«
rality and honour? The stage, however improved in verbal and
exhibitory chastity, since the times in which a Behn and &
Congreve wrote, may still form but a very indifferent church}
^|)ut to what other church do the characters to whom we are
alluding^ever resort? Dr. Styles may preach; but will they
ever luear luBi ? Dr. Styles may write; but will they ever read
Jiim ? N<h— Bat thiDnging to the theate in porsuit of their
idoUi»ieB«tire, they sometioaes find themselves mthe tmnpie^
DtrftWy entrafped into the admiiataon of seotiONSits, tfaatthey-
have insensibly imbibed, and moved by adm<Miitions, by which
ihey are involuntarily convinced. TAsse, where there remains
in*the breast of the spectator a single spark of virtue, must be
the certain effects of particular dramas and scenes, the enume^
Ration of which would occupy many of these pages ; and where
the sacred priaciple is so completely extinct as to defy, this
advances of virtue in the aUuriog form of a deeocated spertacis^
what oottld be hoped from her cold ^proaehas ia ths shapa.sf
araftocal lecture ?

' All that Jean Jaque. Rcmssean, Jeremiah Collier, and Dr.
John Styles, have written oit'the subject of the sti^ (some^
times guided by r^a$on^ and sometimes swayed by prejudice)
iiw.havesedidously perused^ aad palietttly considered ; and the
result with us is the cii)fiiiioo> Ijurt Dramatic performances^
jrkwed in their brpad wci genserai.i^cts.on society as now
toilStttuted, are a prfp>ndmti«g giiod? tba^ (especially in «
great inetippolis^ QfiCering^iby its ^s^t^iit and crowded popuI»-
timy P]m¥ facility. to.:viQ^ .a: pibUei .thmlire^ iwithout mnltt^
plying opport«(nities for B^ii^idedcyassion, provides amal iH-
structfon that not only may, but in numerous instances, laitfi
.amelMH^te^ if not cQuvert^ Ae Jistcmy^ ind^prodve^iA^adioil
Crit. Rbv. Vol* H. November, 1815. 3 X

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SUMi'kBimMUll^AMC-

Ills; k6%«ta1^ iiigli tiniif li^M^r. Sc^fUi ^pttkiferliai
W« select •&fNMft2ige«(>m1i{^"Ihtrd^ :4'i^^2 n rvjj^d

-; ^ i ... ■ ; " •' •*'■ ' •"• ' '■'*' '•j^^f'^*'^- ■^^-

'' ThOM amiwements m^UcK> Ia ^eir pHncipfe .an4: te^^^ii^^
are condemned hj thnsiwM, are gmlibling*^ erue) ^jf^P^jc^^a^
1QI6CU011S iind indiserimlDMe aovel-Tteding, aBd jibe TlMMifu
Against aH the^, tvHfi the exeeptiop of Ae Ui^t» the tfainkkigHaM
m re{Hitab1e tmh (yf the eommunity unS i]»t beettete l» )^ iiif
ili^ir Voice.- The 'Mi^Blre mmy wm deem^ hl-iiMft^ eiqBiyiqfal^
liMny flion will i4eitdforit«iafii«i09ftli m4 «»t^«i^wiN^coi^
-Mid lar It as a achbol of monh. With ihn ummA -airt.ftamidiMji
■oat, J ^restttnfe to eater the lists. . ^ •^'':h

I f'MyQ|iii>i0ivi0<aad it is the tfsaUof l^ olMrr^JMMii
sarions enquiry) that the character of Uie Thaaire'U s^Ufff

Sarked, and marked with alsiost everj Tairialy fif e^^jl $ siad i^Halu
erefore, in proportion as it is adapted to the .iotctUectaal «luir
nicter of man, and as it ts balculaled to interest his passions and
fd m^lce 8 deep impression oa his heai^, if is a dafigieroce enemy
to his Ti^ne and bitppiness. As the Stsge h«s had its abl^» eik|ir
iient, tmd sae^essive advocates, ![ wiU earefiilly eaamiiw ^avery
iilea; and wel^h in the balance of reafeoa ei^rf avgaiiieBS ^iMt tes
MBis ui^ in iss ftmMir ) endeavouring, at tile laase^ ti«e^4(» ttml
^e^gBmAemit-^mhom, I atn oppoaodi, irith thaJt sc^pecifpi^A^
WifUufcif hiAhecoioet liChrislian^ « eebdoet wr1iiel^<l^kiip^.lbcgr
uriU kaaa to imitate* MisrepresenSBlia^ sail mveotiir4|»')ii|.1a#Mi
they have hjtiierto so liberally iodul^d^ will joot adii^mee, Ibiir
fMOBet and maj^ induce a suspicioa that they. are i«ritat<4 k^»
mortified consciousness of defeat. i,

" That I hiay narrow the gi*oiiad of argument «s Bivel m

P}^sible, lis Well as impart a clear distincCDess to the object ^hidl
have 111 H^ew, I would premise, that dhimatic compositions, as
vadh/kttA considered without reference -to tlmr aehilff pevfthn^
HMej'ape no otherwise fiable to eensure tban as they eeavte^ li^a*'
tious and immoral sentiments. I atn perfectly '^wf}yi»g'ta*)Affp%
jAaidndeed it Wodld be the greatest arfx^gaaoe ^ jif i^^.al^jy

'♦ ** Sureh' DO Christian can have the effrontery lo stand Torv^iiTd-^' ^eafi^
U|)M nf g2bihi^. It reqtfim na Ifigh dogn^ 0f cottnacm ti^e» aol to'^
Mbpitttar fhfrtty of ttatiment and Miiai;, to indate «very peranaH>£,i|s0icti#
t04U»MUice it 9$ CTSaUyiminoTal aaweli as aati-cbi$fiti4^ ,£^17 ^iak/Mt
%pproa^«»'(o silch^ a detestable vice, elr'tbat ni'mitiam<a!^e'*'imclpeisthe
'iKMrg' pfntrvtittf. ^tf^t to be ^voideil as Vve woatd ««ei4 fhS^pe^j^lbBdr* n^
.circle pf a fsmBU^g-tibifij vtQetlier m the resipnapl dark ^f9f^l^^JifPpu$^
hafidHti, who perform m sitont fear ^hetr nocturnal o^^e% to^Me gw pfpl^
Vfc aidMli^'hteViitfe aiid gay re^eptsclen of tfae'Idte aftdrmss^ttM eflM^

Saek> touifkt to he ^Unoed a» a tiiHeUlv %<ki)d flr^r^ti yw{|W||a»'fH»^
r^i,. A< fef^ VPfpcnis^ mho mtro^uoe their; cWhineu to ^^ ^^^mh^SlfW^
^rtesy ^d, £pr consistency'^ sake> to ikK oif Cnrietiainty/to ttW^^w^
h^i^Wdm^yk reaoaa^Ml it;'aadiiidetlii^#i8A'Ui«f ett^i^t

Z'.

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between Beeiag and f fading 4^ drs^j^^ft^ B<^%iW^S^| ff^ tt#
the ol^edions which lie so strongly against t^e naCf are not, ^t
I6di9?'^ir^hift lam^ d«gfe«r^t>]^t(^ab1e^ Ihe Qther^ of, rdthief,
-While "f&^ei?^ is an essential ^dins^arable JaAger fcttendant on
4Hinatlc eihiMttondy l^-thenkatterafthe drama be ereri^o iona^
lfi«iitrtii<» dttHg^f in re idtag a play artoet soMy from the improper
f|enl]fl^eiit» ce^atalDed in it.* In her adisijrable prelate to her Uta*
gM^y litia^ttoftt dis^^^iabed 4»f imtr fenwle wyitera has rery
ittg^ntoMly Rod tardbly stated thia dlatlnotiaii between wriftoa
and «»hi%&tfld j^layai aitd as one daaiga of tke|»esip«t motk k to
4Uplay as^ftaritiM 19 faroiir^f tb0 dpinioos If WNQT adi^cf, J aMi
.«iaka'iid apology ibr ^'e faltowing fuolUicpf iff cxo^l^flfos wiU
Utaad-for its length :*««-< Tm Nad a moral iHajr^ Utile differei|t
from readingf any other i&iioci^nt pem ; the di^lc^ue ^orm being
a mere accident, and no way affecting the mprjil 0o4f9ncy of i^t
J^kiCe } nay I dome excellent poets have chosefk that form ofi ac^
eottnt of its peculiar advantages, even when th<K nature of tbeir
Mibjects pre(3lttded the ide$ of theatrical exhibition. Thus BcU
tl^haQaii wrote his fine tragedies of ?%t Baptist and Jtphtkah ; Gri»
titts that of ChrUt St^mmg^ and Milton tbat of'Samiait Ag$pM9ttk4
H^tto nanie the Jowph, the Bethu&i De^im^, attd loaie other
ffeecfls of the anaiabie Metastaaio. fifothkig, thefnfore,, couM h^
tOiore mtFeasonable tban to ptoacribe from th^ atady or the cloaca
%»all*^alecl«d dramatic poetry. It may be ifead wifh aa£^y> bf^
'<ean8e it can there be read with SQbernc^s. T^? ^^^^^ aBimatf|4
apeechea aubfeide into comparative tamene^s^ and, provided thigr
are perfectly parci produce no ruffle of the p^sions, no agitatMcn
isi the ienaea, but merely aiforrd a pleasant, and it may be a not
•OMiNtary eicereiie to the imagination.* "

We ctaUBcftftom 4he lattev of these remarks^ that ow ReVfl^
^Md antbor, not btiUepring m ihe^ghrions 4nd^ of «'teaii!^
^ir f as^Miis,^ would stH! the springs of htnrwTi fcdmg*; mi4 <o
insure the jpermaneiice of our noblest sentiments, destroy thejr
only, possible basis^ Dramatip poetry may be nai^ becajuse la
the closet the most animated speeches subside mto comp^fUine
lameness! .' 1.

.' Wkii wtkat Pr. S. aays of ^^(ir!ae>aa)}>Ih<^i^)rfKeo.g^ m^H^
lo^e of gkary,'' (p. 91 ) 4hat ^^Christianity \b ii^ende^i^ ajttjrpula
firoai the hu^iau bn^aat thoae barbaroui ^lul feroeiaii^ pas-
aionsy" ,«ee williagly agwe; and, of cou|9e>:lanMiit> with 4bo
•eanied WtiM^^hBt nc^na wo false as thoa««htevt«ln«d^glMr
or conquest, or the accidental ascendancy of brut^ jTorce^ jurnidB
with de^Mf ateei^ bard as the hearts that wieM ft, shodld b«
entettiuBed by what are called civilized iMfnlH^, and betHfltf^

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Jto|«fe*lo<tt)f Jclrtmih'htfttiftlW her ^n'**^^
8ACRBD FiEB of these unhallowe^ passio0S|7 , Ae JB^-eii
tieiV? so severely censures, if migifit be oWryM^ ;ttia^jf t^e ^||b
founder pf our reUgion prodai^ed.£i^'se|(. u^.ijpij^
pjBACJi, bis divine Pather^is aiH)QU«ce4 to ms «5i.%^ViiA^4i
WA&«" Speaking of cerUju;^ writens far tbe atage^. &^^ tiMi
ipxprenea himself . or ^ .. L.il

• <^ ThemeD wh^ have instraeted' and deligbted*1ito'i»Ml4l
Addiaon aod Johnaon, Thompson and Youd^»^ f>ttit'^ftifc<l
capthratadby tiie hictathre fewavds of the drama, and ^rtfrW
the stage/' (OiHr Reverend censor will permit m io tiOkiaSaH
wheth^ the men of his holy doth are never captwitUd'^f^ 1^
lucra/tve retoards of the church?) ** But/' adds the Ooctor^
^* how short-lived was their fame !'* Dr. Styles vrill pardan ii%
if we really think, that as the dramatic productions of the Ml
. he has named, have already lived so much longer tbw h9
<^ Essay on the Stage," so, with all its merit (for we allew iUto
possess much) they will continue to be adimired wluo-said
lESsaay ia buried in oblivion.

' Having said tbua much in approbation of^ and objeeiidli40i
what Dr» Styles advances respecting the immondity and €ttt
pernicious effects of the stage, we cannot better coinJildfe o«r
critique on his work than by presenting to otUr reafllirs li% fOiU^
defence, and in his own words.

*' THE author's PBFXNCB. . ... w ^. i'

*^ Wben an important subject is presented t<»1heptiblk >iilwa
it excites attention, and rouses discussion, the frieoda of iradi ha«l
teasom to v^ice. On tiiis account, liM pebuliar]|f huppf n»'b€iM^
eaUed upon to de^ad the principlesand reasoning»«0QtaiMdi»liif
Essay ON tab Staob; especially when my oppotfwent'la^^«^r!lir
IB the Annual Review -, a work to which the name of a t:aspo<iMfcii
editor is affixed^ and which has considerable claim to UttMPf w
atinctiott. Its prindples indeed I have never approved ^'AN^iil
literary department Is poisoned with infidelity, and its tUM&fffSIl
^ith Socinianism. Vet, as it ausftains a reepeetable cblMctti^la
the r^ttblic of letlen, tto striofures an any s^bif^et Aaiti^tfcd^»
tbe interests of morafity and rdigion are woKhjr of MMi t^jjMP
^ 'f For the same perspicuity, I shall dass my aoMlidi<4ll6itf«ii
<his iQiitJqua under the following pai«iculafst—falie»dtt^fti0ai»a^
«a^i|i^conlra4iciionsi'-4naondiisl¥a rqaflontogw- a^ttl^jHStiaK

.1 'll l9 a^crittmte of a few pageait U aot allttla Mli«|Mliiy'«fel
§ m^ ^.vciQr lihcaEal.k hkitewoures. on anothai^ ^tt1l^bfMil(s

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^c^^xiii^ the .sjifi^jfSQt Mrhu^b.-h^ pr^^fw^ 1)c> di««il«Sv.. Zg»0|nM»qifc

iegisiaiion. ^ . - ?»

'^'."Hia ASSERTIONS are made without proofs and contrary t^
IfAdt] 'l^ain accti$ed by him of having ituiulged myself in the
WiM^s^^ ^^angedt/ most tintcoable, assertions. But this witt
Ihilvelr^b^ credited afteir an impartial reader is acqufiinted with the
ftrtit ^ieograpii io whifih he commences his attack. Madam
Thalia is infinitely indebted to her knight-errant; he has espoused
Ullrriwisfkfin.iha lni« fi]»rit of Qaixotiam^ and Jiis extravagance of
|^8iS^|^iL4»Minot be exoeeded. For my part» I cannot help woAr
^krlpg; at the temerity of a man who could dare to write such a
p^agraph a^ the following^ before he had applied the torch to the
funereal pile of hibtory^ ami destroyed the records of the daya
that are past.

" ' An attack on the Stage is alike hostile to public instruction*
to public morality, and to public happiness. The Fathers of the
Christian Church, by conspiring to suppress the Theatres of
CSreece and Rome, rebarbari^ed Europe, and condemned the vic-
tims of their mischievous tuition to a millenium of ignorance^
1f88Balagpe> aad woe.'

" The first assertion, that the Theatre is the school of pvblia
instnictioia, morality, and happiness, may easily be eatablishJeidj or
2;efuted| by the annals of Theatrical history.

" The Theatre of Greece this writer himsdf denounces aa the
moss licentious of any upon record ; he invites ma to read through
the Kcclesi&zousai of Aristophanes -, I suppose to convince me of tqe
importance of the Grecian stage to public instruction, public mora*
lity, and public happiness. L^et the greater part of the Dramatic
writings of Greece and Rome be examined, and we shall see what
kind of inuaftriiotioB they conveyed; and let the effect of a passion
^r .soonio r^pvesen^uions b« traeed in the history of the common
wealths wh^/e it waa in^inlged, and we shall find the revt^se of
tl^4)>tbQr*s assertion. to be true. The dsfevobrs of Hhe Stage
. JMiV^ hf^n the mosti dai^gerous enemies of public morals and hiq»-
yine^s^ The lesaoms tr^ught by Aristophanes oa the Grecian atagia
aJbspi^tely destroyed all s^oae of public virtue and deceney; and
it has been justly observed by Mrs^ Move, * That the profane and
ja^ipuseAriste^plianes was. almost adored, while the virtue of So-
flfate9.n«t(|nly. procured him' a. violent death, but ^e poet> by
M^k^f^ the philosopher contemptible to the populace, paved tlie
way tp hia^ui^ust sentence , by the- fudges. Nay, perhaps the 6&^
tight, wli^ich the Athenians -took in the impious and offensively
lai^ wit of this dramatic poct,^ randered them more deaf to the
iffiiQQ of thatrvii^tue which wy&a« taught by Plato ; andof thatrltberiy
in which they had once gloried, and which Demosthenes continued
tp th^dec mAheis uaheedijigf enrs. Their rage ibpaensnaltplaa-
m»}jeiMtm(i> ikmi^M.ob^jSmii^itt^im^ «gd*

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4faLe.€AiW^U<Mi0 of ^he Tboatre in Athens, ju9ii<^ dm^peft^'w'lttf
>«€)in^wkdg# tki^ her htoreartaii tragic paete, Hyiti^^ehd^' iat
■(WUiJy c^iupodilioRs, f«roi&h a noble exception. rn'>io' ci5^'y8Qr
•ticyedoceney acd purity, and, to the disgrace of €hfidi1&n coiiii*
4rics let it be added, have nonilttf, and even piety, beeh so ^eirts
tally preFaJenit in «oy Theatrical composittons ad in -*^*-^ '*^'

' Hejrlofly grave tragecUana ^ug;ht
)n chorus or Iambic, teachers oest
Of moral prudejice.' *

MONTHLY CATALOGUE-
THEOLOGY.

Art. 12. — The Peace-Offering. A Sermon on the Peace, ^g At
Rev. James Rudge, M.A. F.R.S. Black and Co, 181^. ^,\..

Tki* fermoA is Kttle more tlmn an amalgamation of the ytdjgi&r
iileiis at present predominating in the world of )K>Htic8. * Afgoineiok
H has none $ ingenuity^ tione j — of sophistry its portion ts great;
4d imbetiUtyi greater. Not a single new thou^ Is snggtyftNl %
not a rational opinion developed j-^Reason is openty (Me4/>i!ii4
the dispensaiioAS of Pfortdenee are fnisrepresented. The i^^rena
writer seems one of that <dati of ihiuicers, who wWh^y^rd^r
ilte prero|(fttives of Reason to the interested contrmtl of Icb^^&i
lolly ; who imagine they mutt be acting weR when phcTste^^thti
powers that be; who, instead of detecting- fidlftcy, eimilotislj'Af-
' Ittse its doctrines j who, under the mask of order^ yAoaaadJe
prinoiples of absolute despotism. ' - '*''

l^ch is the character of the discourse, such the character'df life
* sruthor. Our comiueots shall i>e snited to the subject; " ' *• ** ^*

After a tediovs rhodomontade a^Mnitwhat are called; Uie-dbjkS^
'«f the late war, Mr. Rudge comes, at last^ to the prbfessed'^hSk'
of disc«S6Jon ; and in diiatihg on the ineBtimableJ^Uj^nss'b'f oft^
present peace, gives the following delighfful jpoftrSfTof flj^ ASS('

ia^ condition of Europe. ' ' '" '*.'

. . , . '. • ' ■ t -nr-* 5r'

' '^ What do we now wttness^--flot one c^Riber ofHlt^ ^llcK^dfi^

not one petty state of Europe, but the nations of &\e tiSMiifS

-ooeand all, emancipated foom the mosV abjett aiid ^tlth^iftatel^

*irass«lage, witti whidh the ttialioeof n iyrant coiM ^ha^ise, ijST

cMrse the inhatMairts of the earth. Wh no# Witne^s^and wl

Dtot-emimerate ail the causes for national exultation?— ^^-i^'WA^

-w^toesa the balanoe of Europe re-established (^ 16 iib6!e^t''bas^

and siaeh a measure of power and extent of dominiott^^ven'lb'

^^Mk» fi^mUX e»u4iuJiy.tend4o protect ttu$ r^htfttttil i

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^^Bk%%\o^ )o^g hooadfto us.bf ties of-.'aiiiity> and by reeiptocf ty tjf
l^^^e^t fnw and ba)i|^-*hBr ittdepsndcsioe ras^ored, and her
pj$iqmfia:ce revived.. We «ee*li6 royal ftuBMly of Fraai^MtittnitMt
i)L jditeiir, ikatit.e counlry, tfuid aealod ok the thtone •£ * tbeSr aaces^*
^^ by. vrhi^h^ all DHist i»nf(nB»tiiat peaee has ncqaired atftfi*'
lonal sta^mt^, and aftHkl»a4dht*Md ratofactioft. We bow faehcihl*
ilie other coBtinental «ta^ raised to an «qaaltlf with Prauoe ia
xiilitary character and in national feeling. We have seen her ar-*:
raies conquered, her territory invaded, and the capital of her Icing-*
&<mi twice occupied by the allied troops ! We have v^itnesaed our
e^E^jgramors fij^htiag in the holy cause of iibertgr* and amantiay
dRf^tJ^ifggles of a gallant .people, contendiog, as by notional ian
pulse, on their native soil, fojr Ihepreservalioa of their country —
the recoverjrof their freedom-^their chartered, rights, and their
national independence. We have seen that cause triumphant, and*
the independence of the Pcalnsula recovered.'*

A l^^bre oonsumTnate perversion of facts we have never wH-
Beased. To begih with thV first assertion — Are the nations of the
tputltient free> Are they ''emancipated from an cd)jecf and giAHng
^UAe of vassalage V* Does anyone of the great continental (Kiw^rs
present any thing short of the strictest tyranny, and the tt^se'Un-*'
tiuaMSed slavery } In aoy Me is -there' any thing apprlMKhing la
uera^ consti^ion ? . In anyi one has Feudality oeaaed to reign ^
HaJ. No.! ])^o!-*And,y6t we Are to belleva that the peo^e 'c€
thp^. st^l^ fra fcee> are '' emancipated from an abject mxtA-gMmg
i^te of.vassaJage!" . thai i^» we are to believe a aolecitfi ■ nuiiw i
I^rHbat whi^ deftpolisaii exist*, Ireodofti eaists lihewisn.
ij^ut, in the en^tuisiasm^ of his inagtiMitton, in the progressitek
warmth of Ima feelingai tfaj# wtpient becomes ioapired Wil9k
the gift of prophecy. He tells na— " we now witness the
bidtuiceof SiMrope ra^eatabUshed^ its ancient bases, aoNl such m
■leasvre of powor and extent of dooiinieft gi^«ea to each, oi wiU
€pmt»^ Had to pr^U^i tht nigkU and a9h$olida$e the happiness of
e^ffiKl^ion ott ike amtmefU,** From the history of i«^hat quarter of
ikf^ world has Mr. Rudga obtained «Bl)lu>rity far tiris t>pinion }
Hi%9;a bolance of power, hi aaingie taataace he can pei»t out pre**
vented the sword from being unsheathed } Did it prevent it in-
the States of Ancient Greece ? Did it prevent it in Rome and
Garthajse? Has it over pyrevented it in Afodern. Europe? The
n^QSt anread in the annals of mankind must i<now that it never
liji.. S^uld Russia add Austria determine to combine a^ri-nst
Bni3sia, what ^iU ''tend to protect the fightf? and 'consolkhit^
A'e happiness** of the Prussian peoplbl Shonld Pvu5?!a nri/F'
' l^fance asAail the indiepetidenoe of Holland, wh.it wiH^f^rodlt^^'tFi^
effect on the Dutch > And e eomerso, ko tltes^ atid every 'i^aiieffitff'

^ybepot. ' ' iv^o.iifiti

' Atflumgl^ Jicmevor, we vi«ei«'«imaiftrhat 5tirprtsc!d«i><<M -teA^

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sat

cMv made to the prMent Mpect <»f ISpaiii. What <' fraedon'
S|Nun to recoTeH What ''cliaHendriglito' bad the lost? WMt
<<fre«dDin"A<i«8hiri9eeotered? What ''charteral rigbta'* Aoa^k*
obtained > Snah unbiusfaing inpoalure ia Iraly abocking aad »-
tolcreble^ How, in tbia enliglitened country^ a profeased aniiiiaaer
of Cfarlstiaiiity covld so compromise bia duty to bis God» hia feA^
IcfW'men, aod himself, as to rejoice in the degmditig apeetede of
a people groaning under the triple weight of tyranny, peraecntioor
and bigotry, ia a paradox which we are at a loss to coAiprehciid*
Mr. Ri^ge baa studied the 6criptnrea to little pvrpoce, if be da
^ not know that snch condact is more in nniaon with itkc preoepta of
the infernal enemy, than of the DiTine SaTiour of mankind.

AaT. 13.— ^a/toffol Blestings the Source and Rule of Natkmal Sou*
ficcnce, A Sermon, preached before hit Royal Highness Prince Ed-
ward, Duke of Kent and Stratheam, in Aid of the Waterloo Sub-
§oripiio$h on the 3d of September, IBIS, at the Parish Ckurth of
AUhallowS' Barking, Great Tower Street. By the Rev. Henry G^
Wmits, A.iM. Curate of the Parish, and Domestic Chaplain to
hia Royal Highness. Published by Desire. Third Kdilion.
Pp. 44. Asperne.

In a principal article of onr present Nnmber, we have taken
occasion to state our sentiments on the fKquent introduction of
politka in the sennons of our Clergy. We hiave protested against
the practice, as inconsistent with the Pastoral office, and as mili-
taaing, with no light effect, against the essential and characteristie*
fbatures of the Christian dispensation. Our objections are not at
all impaired by the merits of the discourse before us. The prin-
ciple wa oppose, and the practical results inevitably attending it. '

By no means coinciding with Mr. White in his opinion on poli-
tical subjects, or in the connexion he supposes to exist betweoi
the operations of war and the designs of Providence, we cannoc
hut regret that his abilities ahould have been exerted on a topic
so foreign to his vocation. That he possesses talents of a supe-
rior description we are sinc^ely anxious to admit. But they aie
fitted to shine, not in the perturbated atmosphere of politics, not
in the scene of battle and of blood, but in the more temperate
region of Christian mildness and Christian charity.

The extract subjoined win fully authenticate these remarks.

" It has been my office to make many i^ppeols to your
charitable promptitude 3 but this is one which makes out the
most unconditional claim to your beneficence. What you are re*
quired to give, is but a very small part of that debt which yon
owe to Providence, — an obligation which still paying, you must
atillowe*, since on the event which now calls forth your moa|
acltiva lijb^rality, not only your prosperity^ but your very existencs

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^fi 6ffm»>mhrtkh^, yon Vitt be mdeki^ §till iBMto effioitockl; lklvl>
^<9lic%u» ^^t^a««^ of means, by t? hieh IM paogtiaa^ privaliooi^
<5^ftlfli^ tlkan fHntTY troVtsaw^ bf ya»rfelkiw^veatiire» wiU^a^

^«tol^v)e^1fi«tfttlce9 &f Cbe deepest digtresft/lhe tears of UNrwi*^
^hi^, fifid th^ cries of her fatherless chMdrcn k^I be eheckod witib
tfce soothing jfeflection that they are not left alone in . the world,^
"^oy} perhaps a smile may again gladden her eye — ^her heart uuiy
a^ln know the feeling of joy, when 6he sees her bereaved infant
Yeiscni^d by yonr helping hand from all the safferings .of h/Gipelesa
-Wattt,

'' Wheresoever thou dwellest/ O thou stricken mourner J— or
shouldest thou be fled hither into the presence of thy God in
search of the consolations of His holy word, — ah! hear me, thou
afflicted, but not forsaken, — consider how short and vanishing are
t^ dearest relations among mankind, — on what precarious condi-
tioins we receive and enjoy them. Then turn, thy view to that
tb^tter wQ^ld^ where we shall all be in a little, little time, and
vrhereGod, with His own paternal hand, will wipe away every^
tear from the faces of bis dutiful chikhren, and will comfort the.
goodly mourners, and heal their separations in the everlasting unioa
of peace and blessedness. Here, too, on this earth of vexation
and WoC) He has not left thee without a witness of Uia Divine
- consolations. Upbraid not, mistrUslt not, the provideace. of thj/
Ood, howsoever harsh His dispensations may appear. In all thy
ways let God be thy trust: In all thy hopes let Christ be thy Sa**
▼Tour: In all thy straits let heaven be thy treasure: and th»#.
trusting, thy way is safe, thy hope eertais, and ttiiae inheritance
secure?

** These, Christians, are the sacred resources of that rdigioa
which God, in his eternal love, has given us, to be a lamp to our
path in (he night of sorrow, and to open unto us the glorious re*
gions of that immortality in which all our griefs, our doubts, our
fears, shall for ever be absorbed.

" If God then so loved us, we ought also to love one-catother. He has
pvodaimed Himself the Father of the Fatherless, and the Defeadac,
of the cause of th$ widow — even God in his holy hahitaUon, Be y€
then followers of God as dear children, as the objects of His mercy,
mid bounty, and preservation} as the agents of those eonsdbtions^
which he commands you to dispense without any selfish reserve,
to those whose best earthly treasures are consigned to the grave,
irom which rivers of tears can never bring them back.

" Give what you may, you cannot 'give what they hare lost : hut
jou can mitigate the misery of their loss.

•' Give what you may, you cannot give more than He who gwe^
you all, has a right to demand from your grateful hand.
, " Give what you can, and you will give is you ought, while ytifc
keep in view the highest duty of ydiir Christian Q^aracter^ to pr»«

Grit. Rbv. Vol. U. November, 1815. 3 Y

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5SS Montbly Cat^giie^JI!di(6iii«il^Dra7iut.

mipte die glory of God and the happineis of your feHow^cn«<Mi<<^

'rGioe, and U shail be given unto you, in the ovei^owihg salislae-*
tioDS of hearts conscious of having fdlfiUed their duty. In the;
gracious approbation of the Lord of All, in the coastani protee^
tion of His providence here^ and in the wdl-gronnded hope mi
His merciful acceptance hereafter >-^or if God hath ta hvtd u^ mm.
ifught aUo to love one another.'*

EDUCATION.

Art. 14. — A Grammar of British Geography; being a General Dc*

. icription of the British Empire in all Parti of the tVorld. IVith

seven Maps and seventy Views. By the Reo, J. Goldsmith^ Au-»

' thor of the Grammar of Geography, 4rc. &c. The Fourth Edition,

. Souter.

This excellent compendium of British Geography, intended ibr
the use of Schools, is arranged on the interrogative system of
Education — a system which we are happy to find is daily rismg^
in estimation. Mr. Goldsmith embraces in his design the descrip-
tion of the British Dominions in every part of the globe ; in Ian*
guage at once neat, concise, and comprehensive. Six Maps illus-
trate the geographical divisions — and a considerable number of
pretty Wood-cuts render it peculiarly attractive to the juvenile
difls of leaders for whom it is intended.

Abt. 15.— anie Ornaments Discovered: a Story. In T^o Parts. Bf
the Author of Aunt Mary's Tales. Darton & Co.

Of the Author of " Aunt Mary's Tales " we have no rrcoUfiC-
tion> — we are therefore incapabte of estimating his improvemcDt
in this species of amusing instruction. '' The Ornaments DiscD-
vered " will be found useful for the purposes they are designed
for, and may safely be recommended as an innocent entertoia-
ment for children.

DRAMA.

AxT. 16. — The Country Girl; a Comedy, in Fwe Acts. By
Wychekle^. Revived at the Theatres Royal Drury Lane and
Covent Garden. 1815.

This play, although decidedly borrowed, as to plot, from Mo«
liere, may be called an original work. It was revived some years
. 4lgo« to display the captivating wildness of Mrs. Jordan's unedu-
cated manners ; but we do not consider even the peculiar faaci-
Vation with which that lady animated her Country Girl, by^ny
9, an apology for obtruding so coarse a representation tfn the

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TfmYMik$d'^^NiMioi % ^rtftaeAMpiyppoUgt .Wl^n ^yycherley wrote
— ^fc wnoU) £QNr thd.4iinft»| but .there ia, we trusty a material dis«

%»QCCi80 betivreeQ the ecrartljr inanut^rs of Charles the Second and
'tfbose «rf George the Third. If we are not more virtuous $ we are
SlM>BC{liigl^yedttoated^ aadgallautry is, now, less vicious, not«^
"Withstaiidiiig it may be equally voluptuous. Error does not flaunt
unblushingly in the face of open day : it goes abroad veiled ia
Apparent modesty. Our Veto> therefore^ is denounced against thef
delicacy of tiis corned} • — Still, we desire to admits that so f ar aa
"Witj vivacity, character, and situatioa, are incidental to dramatic
composition, the Country Girl is greatly entitled to applause. The
beaux and belles, however^ of Bond-atreet are a different race of
l>eittg8 fo»m the fops and flirts, who formerly .sported their vani-
ties ia the crowded mall of St. James*s-park. Their follies^ to be
0vre, are sisiilar. Th.** former, exquisitely ridiculous in embroi-
dery aad beU-li09ps— the latt^r^ in jockey-boots and transparent
di»pery.

• We do not propose to criticise the portraits before us, one by
4»&e. We confine ourselves to the rival Pegg/s of the day, with
« alight contrast of the two Moodys.

. As Mrs* Alsop is the daughter of Mrs. Jordan, we give her pre-
cedence^ Expectation was highly on tip-toe for this lady's . de^
JbmL Her mother's admirers — and who was not hex admirer} an-
ticipated with enthusiasm the regeneration of Mrs. Xordan. They
expected to see her young again, with the same smiles, toneSj
laughs, gaity, openness^ and good-humoured playfiudness, with
vrhich her natural spirits had been accustomed to overflow.; and,
like the invigorating Nile, to enrich — ^and, what is atill more ex-
traordinary, theae good people expected to find the same indi-
f>idual charms in Mrs. Mardyn, bur they have been altogether dis*
jippoiated.: iet4is scan these ladies respective pretensions.

Mrft. Alsop- has neither face nor person for stage effect. Mrs.
Mardyn has a countenance susceptible of great variety; with a
form that might have been cgveted by Praxiteles for a model.
Mre. Alsop's voice is articulate, but without depth or compass —
Mrs. Mardyn's tones are clear, full, and harmonious. Mrs. Alsop
graces her d^very and action with art tutored by judgment.-^
Mrs. Mardyn is the personification of native allurement : her every
movement is eloquence : her soul speaks in her form : she is a
stranger to every art, safe that of enchanting her audience. In

. short, Mrs. Alsop deliTers her text with all the correct precision of
an animated puppet : we are never checied by her smiles : she
cannot communicate enjoyment : because she cannot feel ita in-
lUieace ) whereas, MisJ^ardyn measures her^enieoces by jioolher

. rule Xhm the prevailing buoyancy /of her animal spirits { her
Jaughing eye attacks us like an arrow from the bow of Cupid {
it pierces with e^uisite subtiUty ; and wounds with luscious
.jMiison. .
J • With respect to Moodj« we should have wondered how Mr.

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I

$40 Mim^Hy^MOfiffsm^^^^

Fawcettt who Is St^ Manl^|;er at Govei)«-gar4eii, ^miM.vonftitt
$0 violent an outrage on liie own reputation, sa%omntnte Iheciiai
racter^ if he kad not previously, and glariffg4y tfM»,«xfaibit«i ^iMie#
his vanity or his folly by caricaturing poor ^r Peler IVMlei 'It te
a just remark, that some persons are so witfolly perv^mej na'not
to value themselves on account of taleB^-they really possess^ InMr
to aim art shining in a sphere for winch notuite and fasMi tt€vt/t
intended them. As a veteran, we respect Mr. Fawcctt. Wehwr«
long been accustomed to see him pei^form with pleasure. In tkm»
tacters of rough honesty, he plays with getfulne,, unsophifl^catc^
feeling, perhaps, without a rival Tn the grotesque he id 'impms^
ing; and, in volubility, he exceeds all •competition. But, rattle,
Tdodty, and buffoonery, though all very wc® In their p«>per plaoeSj
inasmuch as they irresistibYy provoke laughter, hai^e litde to 'M
With the soHd qualifications of iin "actor. We have, or ought t&
have, legitmate us v^ell as hurie$que cotnedy ; aud, when- ^ffe rt>»
collect the sterling merit of those gentlemen, to whom the ohiH
fticters of Sir Peter Tearle and Moody, w^^re a display of fbovSiftr
fxcellence, we regret that Mr. Fawcett should be so deficient in
common sense as not to. foresee, that to bxcel in puitft, wim^
not to OFFEND would be praise, required tAknts*whi<»i neltlierlML-
ture, edl^ation, nor association in life, have qualified him ev«n t»
affect. He has been guilty of a wanton ^/o de se agmndt his owit
fume, and we do not pronounce the verdlt*t of lunacy, but that of
VULGARITY. Mr. Bartley, both as to conception, dWd to maBuer^
is greatly his superior in Moody : and yet we Biean not to compli-
ment Mr. Bartley, who has much to acquire.

We sincerely hope, for his own sake, that Mr. Fawcett wiB
never attempt Sir Peter Teazle again ; but if he persist in the -foi^
ttier, we intreat he will have the goodness to caet Mr. Smeiy for
Charles Surface, and Mrs. Davenport, as «hc fni^r yepresetitMfVie
of my Lady Teazle. Such a group 'would be in aidiuirable good
keeping I

tAW.

Akt. 17. -^The ImffHmmt BmilU of-^n Elaborate bwaHgtaion M#
the My$teri^u» €awe of Elizabeth ^mmf(, Mng « DeiM if ExtPser^.
dinary FaeU discovered since her Execuijjonf inekiding the'^eid
Repmit of her eingtUar Triai^ now jfhst PuUished, <md cepUms Na^
thereon. Alto numepoua ^uthtntie DocuMentk^ an jh^pmne»t om lier
Caie$ a Memorial to his Royal- Higkness the Frmee 'Begentt and
Sirktmres on a UUe FasnfMet of Hhe Brsmmtm^s s^soiknmn^
J9y John Watkinb, L.L.D. Pp.143. Hoine. ldL&.
Wh^n the trial of Eliza Penning was made'known to the pub-
lic, through the medium of the daily prints. We participated in
'the prevalent sentiment respecting the dubiuty of her case. -Pe^
rMsii]^ the testimony adduced in support of the prosecution, anU
*wei^llgwith impartiality tiie probabilities tttdimpvobiMitisr

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rf^rgiiiitj we felt thai proof was waiH^ng in combonrtiini of
(to chwwgty uid that too siig<it an investigation had been suffered
%o piodaeo her coa^iotion. it appeiirdd to us, thttt l^e evidence
faf the pnueditor hinuetf, of his tonihf, and of h'A servants, wtta
§m from*«fb|nding that apecies of demonAtration, which, in the
aibaenee of direct testtmoay, may faiiiy operate as its substitute.
And| thou^ by no means entertainuig an opinion ^eoisive as id'
4iie innocence of the accused, (for the case was certainly myste^
inoiis),.we heaitated not a moment in thinking that tbe precept of
our law should have beep adhered to, which directs juries to find
A v«nlict of " not guilty,'' where suspicion is not fuUy authenti-
cated, either by faet or just inference.

These -were our opinions, when the report of the trial was fhrst
luheesd to the public^^-opinions amply fortified by the body of
facts 4!olleoted in the publication before us. Dr. Watkins (t6
whom we sincerely Tentler our thanks for the assiduity and peive^
veramte he has exemplified in this important case), presents m,
large variety of evidence in support of the side he humanely ad-
vocates. So much light do his observations, documents, and in**
4uGi^ons throw upon the circumstances attending the accusatioiv
trial, emiviction, and subsequent conduct of Eliza Fenning, that
^e cannot rofnain fiom stating our firm belief in the conclusion .
bis labours iiave brought him to. The animadversions on the
deportment of the person who ofHciated us judge, are bold, yet
temperate : and, we are inclined to think, just. Tliat individual
seems to have acted with singular indifference, not to use a
•harsher expression, in respect to the fate of the nnfortunate wo-
pum : and without saying that his conduct was disgraceful to the
bench, we may safely assert that in the case in question, he fon-
^ot the best duty of his function, namely — to be the counsel tod
ipmtcctor of the tprisoner.

This work cannot be too widely circulated.

HISTORY.

Amv. IB.'-^Hisioryof the House of Ronumof, the present Imperial Ru^
ektn Dynasty, from the eartiest period to the time of Peter the Greats
intended as an Introduction to a History of the Life and Reign qf
ihst telekrated Monarf^: tmd inchalmg the Rus»an History from
^efhm^ Accession of the Family to the Throne. By the Author of
The Orphans, or the Battle of Nevils Cross, a Metrical Ro*
maace; Ode to the Emperor Ale^nder, &c. 12mo. Pp. 11S»
padellandCo. 18X5.

The place and objects of this volume will appear from the an-
fhor*s preface.

^' When tkepagotMvw offered to the public in the form .of m
(Complete volfime ware written, they were designed by the ;

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MM Montilly Catqlogiic^^jEEltoy.

lo ocnvprise the first book OBly» of a work of more
Whether his Hatory of the Udfz cMd Reign of Peter Oht ~6f«a< <«'
work UBiTCKolly allowed to be mnch wanted) wiU erer be/ooflH
fileted, mnBt in a ^reat measure depend on the sttoeen 4if theyre^
«#nt experiment. Dispirited by ill health, aad tlMi^ht faf
/t9q[>ertenoe all the difficulties of his task, or rather to suspect
his own powers, he has had recourse to the method adofrted.
in order to ease himself of a labor which might be a vaia
one, and which, under existing circumstances, had become a
jreal toiL

*' With regard to the plan of the following attempt, it will be
seen that the author's design has been rather to cadi the reader^A
atteation to a few important facts, and to amuse, than to weary
with an endless series of unimportant and uninteresting details.
These have merely been glanced at. For of what consequence
can it be to an Englishman, to know the particulars of every in-
surrection and war, out of a thousand, thfut have tended to keep
Kussia barbarotts ; — to be told that each an ambassador arrived
«n such a day at Moscow, and when he again left it : — that this
jprince entered into an alliance with the Tzar, to guard against at-
tacks never attempted, and most probably never designed :-— or
that another took umbrage at something ; and then fill ten pages,
in merely conjecturing what it might be ; or in comparing the
conjectured facts of others : —

* Lies seemxDif troths, and yet most truly fies.*

** i know but t%vo reasons for which we take up a book ; to in^
struct, or to amuse. Such as this barely can do the one, and as^
suredly cannot the pther : for who will burthen his memory with
it ) If I am mistaken, T beg to remind the reader, that when this
biography was written, it was merely designed as an introduction
to a more considerable work.

" In however small a compass the subject-matter may now ap-
pear, I can with truth assert, that my trouble in collating and
comparing contradictory {vvitborities has been endless. Innumer*
able are the authors 1 have examined for hours, without finding
a single sentence worth translating, or a single occurrenee
worth noting down : and not a few that have never once been
quoted.

** The nie made of Voltaire is perhaps too obvious, to render
any acknowledgment necessary. Even whole pages may oftener
than once be found condensed or enlarged, from this truly ele-
gant, but often partial historian ^ and whole sentences sometitaes
almost literally translated. This, by some, may be imputed to
indolence \ by others, to deficiency of talent. Both perhaps may
be mistaken : since, to think of rivalling the French Historian
in some passages, the autk^or imagined would.be the index- of pre-
sumption; and, to offer any thing inferior, so.fioinplameirttoihs
pubUc.*' • .. .^j

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'The-flwdior^ whoever he be, exhibits in every page the qmdifioa**
tfons necessary for his task. Indefatigable in research, judiciom ia/
theselectioni of materials, and skilful in compendieus descriptiottjr
he presents a very useful digest of the leading facts in Russiaur
history. And, though there is stiU room ft>r an elaborate work',
on the same subject, the publication. before us may be regarded lOft
a valuable accession to the stock of English literature.

BIOGRAPHY.

Abt. 19. — Biographkal Notices of Members of the Sodefy of fKendk'
By Uenby Tuke. 12mo. Pp. S36. Alexander.

Miu Tofce gives the following explanation of his general plan^

^' This volume, it will be observed, is appropriated to the life of
George Fox, who was the principal instrument in the formation of
our religious society. At a time when great zeal, but much un-
settlement, prevailed in the religious world, this extraordinary
man was peculiarly raised up to gather a people into the patient
waiting for Christy and to an attention to his secret illuminations
of the soul, by that light which enlighteneth every man that Co-
meth into tUe world. Considering him in this point of view, and
apprehending that his real character is but little known, on ac-
count of the valuable journal of his life and labours, published
soon after his decease, being very voluminous, it has appeared
desirable that a small volume should be occupied with an accpunt
of him, selected from his own memoirs^ with such additional
matter^ as might be in manuscript only, and suitable for publica-
tion.

''In executing this work, the selection of the most interesting
and valuable matter has been attended with some difficulty, on
account of the various tastes of different readers. To some it
may appear that there is too much minuteness, toothers^too much
valuable matter omitted} and there may be those who think that
both these errors are committed. The author certainly does not
intend to be so particular, in recording the life of any other indi-r
vidual^ but considering that this memoir will contain an account
of the origin of our Society, a particular mention of those places,
which were early visited, and in which meetings were first settled,
has been deemed interesting to Friends in general, and especially
to those who reside at or near such places. This consideration
has occasioned a pretty close attention to the route of his travels,
and the notice of most of the places he has mentioned, at least in
the early part of his life."

The work has every appearance of being as faithful as it is a
neatly- written record of theprinoipal events in- the life of thul
•xceUent man, and benevolent reformer, George Fox.

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444 UotiAij Cnttiogw^Poektf,

POETRY.

A*T. 20.— Mora2 Piecet in Prom and Verse. By Ltdia Uvmht,
Hartfbrdt m the State of CMnecticut New £iigl«iid» printed.
1 Vol. Pp. 367. 1815.

We understand that these Poems are the prodoctlons of a very
young Lady, who has acquired by her own exertions the adran-
tages of ediicatioA, ami by her unremitting industry (as the mis-
tress of a Female Seminary) has rescued herself from a state of
unmerited indigence, and been enabled to hold out the hand of
affectionate succour- to her distressed relatives. Her Poems are
among the vei^ best hitherto produced by the American Muse.
We sdect the introductory verses : —

" A damp and dewy wreath that gtew

Updn the breast of spring,
A harp whose tones are faint and feW

With trembling hand 1 bring.

*' The clang of war,* the trumpets roar>

May drown the feeble note.
And down to Lethe's silent shore

The scattering wreath may float.

'* But Hb who taught the flow'rs td spring

From waste neglected ground.
And gave the silent harp a string

Of wild and nameless sound ^

" Commands my spirit not to trust

Her happiness with these ;
A gloom that moulders back to dust

A music soon to cease.

*' But sleep these flowers unstained by tlme^

To constant virtue given,
And for that harp to tone sublime.

Which seraphs wake in heaven/'

Akt. 21. — Paddy Hew; a Poem, from the Brain of Timothy Tar*
paulin. Whistled hy a Sea Lark. Whittington and Arliss. i81&.

CoNTEMPTisLB 08 the title page> is the whole of thia brainlesa
doggerel production.

Art. ^.—Wellington's Triumph, or the Battle of Waferloo. By
Wm.Thos.Fitzgeald, Esq. Pp. 16. Ilatchard.

A WEAK rhyming tirade against a fallen hero— happily for it»
feaders, unusually short.

9 Writiea during the late war.

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Jikt. ^.-^if CotUctionof Ancient and Mqdem Scottish Bdllf^sl fal^,
and Songs; with Explanatory Notes and Observadons. St/JtUK
Gilchrist. InS Vok. itew. Bp,3»S, 880b .'B^dwin and
Co. London. W15.

This Sdottisb Antbolo^ i

*' Is divided lato three Farts > in the clasfiiiication of the First
^nd Third, the plan of the acute ^d learned Mr. Ritdon has been
followed. The First- Part consista of liiatorical and Romantic
Sallads ; the Second of Tales 5 and the Thfrd of Songs, under
the heads HvLmonsBsiB/ Lore, aiut MtBiMaAeOuB,^ T(f the Po^ms
in the First and Second Piarts brief pbMvwtioiiBaw^refixed, with
a view to elucidate Ibe tronsactioiis relat<d> eak& in the Third'
tart are giveirlbeaaitiHif's naiiMfl^ and* aadcdotes i^^^rding many
of tfie Songik Such information hatf bea» long banting, and it
is wholly owing to Burns',s passion for Scottish poetry, that so
much is now known of the history 6f ourlyrfes 3 be procured all
the late Mr. Tytter of Woodhouswee*s anecdotes, trhich, with his
own strictures, are' published in Mr. Cromek*s ]^6liques of the
immortal bard $ — from that aathcntfo source, AfoM Ritson*s Scot-
tish Songs, and from other CdlYectioi^S, the' Bditor has gleaned
tnuch of his infoiia»Atioi[v on this s^bja^. In.tmwjt instance he has
followed the most correct copiea her cqmM obtala pf the various
poems, being convinced that acQU«a<2y in the v^fidiogs on:!}it to be
a main object ift ai^l pttbli^ationa o| this m$wre: typographical
errors may have crept in notwithstaiMtipg the g)reatest care, yet
these it is hoped occur but in a few instances."

Mr. Gilchrist has evidently shewn considerable skill and Judg-
ment in these selections from the portly of hi^ ntiMve country, and
the occasional el^no^*with whif Itf fte hte dMi^wteup his prefatory
and historical observations on these poetical eonipositions, will not
permit us to refuse him aU the honours of authorship. The
pieces composing Ih^ volumes were, it iff ti1ie> before (Ihe'^ttt^c,
but they were scattered in various works. Mr. (?ik1M9t*^ lU^
rangenient presents to us the gradual improvement of Scottish
poetry, from the earliest time to the present, and affords a sort of
panoramic view of the advances of his countrvmen- in the most
delightful of all the arts. We are tempted tp make a few extracts.
The iirst is extraordinary, when the character of tbo authoress is
considered.

^' O'br thk Moor amano the Beather.

*^ [' This is the composition of a Jean Gloyer, a gifl who was not
only a w— -e, but also a thief; and in one or othi^ character has
visited n^ost of the correction houses in the >vest. She was
born, I believe, in Kilmarnock. — I took the song down from

CaiT. Rsv. Vol. II. November, 1815. 3Z

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her singing as she was stroUhig through the eoBuirf with n,
slight-of-hand blacVguard.* — ^BuftNs.]

^. Comin thro* the ccaigs o'Kyle^-
Amang the bonnie blooming heather.
There I met a bonnie hisilie,
Keeping a* her yowes Ihegitifegr^ ^ -
O'er the moor oman^ the ikealher,
0*er the moor amang the heather,
' There I met a bonbie lassie.

Keeping a* her yowe^ thcfgithi^.

» • • t.» I

*' Says Ip My dearie where is. thy hanut '

In moor or dale pray tell me whether >
She said, 1 tent the fiecfcfiioeliS' •
That feed amaaig Ae Moomlflg 'iMsaHler. i

O'er the moor, &c.

" We laid us down upon a bank« ,
Sae warm and sunny was the weather.
She left her flocks at large to rove
Amang the bonnie blooming heather«
0*er the moor, &c.

'* While thus we lay she sang a sang.
Till echo rang a mile and farther.
And ay the burden o* the sang
Was o*er the moor amang the heathen
O er the moor, &c.

" She charm'd my heart, and aye sinsyne,
1 could na think on any ither :
By sea and sky she shall he mine !
The bonnie lass amang the heather.
O'er the moor> &o.

. And the next is too applicable to the manners and spirit of the
age not :to attract notice and applause.

" Is there for honest poverty

That hangs his head, and a' that ;
The coward-slave, we pass him by,
• We dare be poor for a* that !
""For a' that, and a* that.

Our toils obscure, and a* that.
The rank is but the guinea*s stamp,
The idan's the gowd for a* that.

• ' ' What tha* On hamely fare we dine,'

Wear bodd?n grey, and a' that; * ' '
*' " 6ie fbols their ^ilks, and knaves their vfliikj
A man's a man for a' tiiat, '.>>.

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.Vor aMbit) and a* tkaW » • -^<« ^^n 2

Their tinseUhow, W ftl that | . j .o;j.^«>f

The honest man^ though e^er sae poofj
Is king o* xaen for a that.

Ye see yon birkie, ca'd a lord>

Wha 8tni!t8« and stares, and ^ that $ '
Tho' hundreds worship at his word,

He*8 bat a coof for a* that :
For a' that, and a^ that.

His rifiibaKd, jtar, and a* that^
The man of independent mind,

Heklokiahdlaugiidatft' thsrt. '
.•■'••« / . ■ ' •

A prince K9& A«k « belted knights

Aman|ttis#dukeyaDda*that.r. '^ ' i

But an honest man*sabq»i|.bi«nQigh|» - - t

Gude faith he canna fa' that 1
For a' that, and a* that.

Their dignities, and a* that, •

The pith o' sense, and pride o* worth,

Ajn- higher ranks than a*^ that.

Then let us pray that come it may, '• ^

As ^biiie it will for a* that, '
That sense and worth, o'er a* the earthy

May bear the gree, and a' that.
For a* that, and a* that,

It*s coming yet, for a* that, \

• That man to man, the wat-ld o'ar^

Shall brothers be for a' thaV*

Art. M. — P$alm$and Hymni, teUcted for the Giurches of Buckdm
and Holbeach, of BlunHsliam cum %rith, arid Hemingford Grey, tn
ih$ Diocete of JUgkcoln,. .Gad^Uand Co*

The Editors of these Hymns, pastors of the respective parishes
for whose service they 'have been more immediately selected, in a
very well drawn tip preface, assign the following reasons for sub-
mitting the present collection to the public.

'^ K the Old and New Versions were each completely adapted to
the purposes of Sacred Psalmody, some inconvenience would net
vertheless be experienced from the very circumstance that both are
admitted into the Church \ since it is prob^^hle that very few, par^
ticularly among tliose, whose wants it is most desirable to sapply,
are in possession of these two Versions. Cut indeed^ however exi
cellent the design of the respective Authars. of tham. might havb
been, and l^wever great their success in many instancea, yet it
must be acknowledged that a variety p^ fsalqia ia both Versions^

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nunre especially in the Oldi are litr fVomconVqrmg^aii
ides of the derotiond spirit, or even poetical beauties, of the
motet Singer oflsraeL Imfependtrntlyvf this cdostdeiratioD, some*
thing appears still wanting to aChfistfatt Congregation; some-
thing that^ in addition to the holy effiisioxisof theCHd Testament*
nay convey that olM]%r view of Ood*s d^penssfons, those asto^
niskiDg hopes and conaoliqg promises, which are siq>plied by the
itupired penmen of the New. For, although in sublime descrip*
tion of the Attributes and Perfactittiis of the Almightf , in eameatr
ne$8 of supplication, and in wacxnth of adoration, the Royal
Fsalmist must ever stand unrivalled $ yet his knowledge of Drvint
things was necessarily inooinpl^te, be9aus€^A« dof^sprmg had not
yet dawned /rom on kigh!^, Bven under the influence of prophetic
Inspiration, David kNP, tnit as 4ht<mgh a gkm, iarMy, the saving
truths of redemption and sam;tiftoa<ion. fltese^trifths therefore^-**
iamght as they n^ere^ by our Lond •ahd htsaptisil^B, and illustrated
liy (he great transactions of h)s lfffe>and^fle«th;-^ma^ surely foma in
a Christian Congregation as M subjects f^ devotional mekxlieSs
as the events of Jewish tii^orf and Mosaie Law suggested by
the Holy Psahnist.

^* Such a fseling has M Istte aft 1«Mt so gimei^lly prevailed, that
there are perhaps nqt many large Congregatiqas in our Natioiial
Church, where soihe Version of the Ps^idms, different from those
which are authorized, and. some Hymns, founded upon t^e His«
tory and dpctdneis of the Gospel^ have not been admitted. I
many cases however, the want has been felt of a regular selectton
-of such Psalms and Hymns, comprised into one Volume. For
sometimes Congregations have been exposed to the effects <if
hasty and injudicious choice^ or, supposing tiie choice to be
made with perfect judgment, yet the people have been unable tq
join in this solemn and chemng act of devptipn^ because thev
cannot refer to the words/-
f ' • ' ■ 1 ' • . '*•

NOVELS, HOMANCES/ fee, '

Abt. s!5. — Cprmae lUsu$eUe^, ContifUULticn du Mpm(m in UMameik

. JSaronne de Stael Holatem, intitule Coritma oa TfUdie, llUskOs

Pp. 380. Bossange etMasson. 1313. '

, Tjb^S UMe Work is prescntsd to tha English ^f^hfie 4&s the pror
4HGt)pa #f a foreigner residant ahvoad ^ at least ao^aaM4tt^mM4
i^f th^ qatensible EdUw, M. Veroai* 9ethiB «s itway, wa hav^
j^pk ])ffii%9lAQm in acGoordingto it very high«pan<igy«te«^not«i m
^py^ hut as a volume, coNlainiiig the partial ikwdopemcsl of
A. ^y#^m»«f Hpiaitods which we ea^BOt but'thiafe isNiuld pvma
.^nMn^tlf ^oadneitftertothe interests of hnuiatiiiiy vhat which, «i

«^" Lokeii^T^. See chap, x M.

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le BceoM e#atfBiy to tfae prictAi^^ of two classes of ineft/ vii
VkoreovtT, as it would veqvive an ameliorated state of aooietj >t9
eoftUek toopevate^ w«<ioneehr«, too pure, too benevoleitt, io*
noble minded, too romantic, in aborts to suit the curiotu 3tale lif
thio^ at present.

The resuscitatioii of tibe enchanting Ooriona by themorri hen
of the tale, is the circumstance from which the succeeding er^ali
take their rise — and the general 8ut>jeot of the volume^ the uiftei^
lectual regeneration of Corinna, affords opportunity for the -dis^
play of the above o^pinions. A purer form of CbristianityH^-a'pd^
litical theory founded rather upon the human character as it niigft
become, than a9 it actually i»-^such arc the topics discussed it
this interesting volume, and it is but justice to avow that they are
treated in a manner that is both animated and eloquent, and iritfc
whkh, we should thinfc, all those will be pleased who 1re?e deiu
lighted With Madame dc Stael's romance. The chief agent, th^
promulgator of these singular doctrines is indeed a moat extraoii
dinary character. Professedly a chemist, we discover, in the course
of the book, that his knowledge in almost all sciences is such ns k
scarcely acquirable by a mortal — to this be joins mofiil eildo>tfr-
ments of the most refined description. Rich beyond calculation,
his wealth depends solely upon himself, and is devoted to the jji>-
idicious relief of his fellow-creatures. He is, notwlthstandidg^
texposed to persecution, and the intrigues of the envious. •■ ' t

The book concludes with the marriage of Corinna With 'thfc
Prince of Castelforte, and the anticipated recovery of Lord Nelvft
from the deep dgection of spirits caused by the news of Cdrinna^
decea^. ;-:

f • '• , . .,1 . ■ I . Ml ,, , ,y

MISCELLANEOUS.

Art. 26. — The Spirit of BrUi^ Missions, Dedicated U^ the Ckur^
Mmionnry Society. By a Clergyman, a Metnher of that Body. ¥p,
Wr. Seeley.

Thi$ is one of the most interesting publications on the subject
of Missionary establishments, that have fallen within our notice.
Its design is not to set forth the views of any one society e^*-
clusively, but to furnish a synoptical exposition of the plans and
proceedings of the various institutions which have for their com-
pion object the conversion of pagan man. From the detail here
given, it appears that there are no less than twelve societies ac-
tively eo-operatiiig in the great work : each employing its re^
sources and strength to illfiminate the remotest regions with the
liglft of the<jiospel> to raise the mind of the heathen to a compre*
hension of Christianity; and to promulgate the word of God in the
language of 'every tribe, howfeyer uncivilized. Four chapters are
^ded on collateral topics, and the whole concludes with an Ap-
jpefidHi.eent«niag a largo fu«td of mkcellaaeouB and lUttttnEtiye
inatter.

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I

^Sft Month^ C^t^oguc— ^:^«^ZIa^i^^

Art- 27.-—-^ National JnstitutUm for the. General Acpon^ptodftfifffii ami
Benejii of Country Bankers^ including the Safety of their RendUancei
in Parcels by Coaches, an4 othef Purpm^, ^tablished in IRIS.
AjaperDe. . . ., . . ,

This Is a prospectofi of an. Institution set on foot for the piir^
fHose of preventing roiumercia} losses, by the robbery of Mail
j€o.a<!lie8. The suggestor of the plan^ who appears to have obt^ned
A patent for his invention, though a little gifted with personal va*
jiHy, is evidently a man of ability and judgment. Hie following
S$ sun extract from his ^iddre ss.

'' Contemplating^ many years, with a philanthropic mindf, on
the continual losses of money-letters through the General Postr
Ofike, estimated at ©^40,000. per annum,* an opinion was sub-
mitted to the late Right Honourable William Pitt, as Chanci^of
of his Majesty*6 ^xchec^cr, that as the various modes used by the
Post-Office were insufficient, and all the legislative acts« passed
At ihe instance of the presiding ofHccrs of that department^ had
]»roved ineffectual, ^(melancholy truths indeed! manifested year
after year by the Newgate and Assicecalenders, as well as other
cusea reported in the public newspapers,^ the evil could not be
VMDoved, except by some means, or establishnienty independent
of that office J and a system founded on those ideas, was ftramed
and aeut to Mr. Pitt at Bath, on the 30th of December, 1805 : —
akft! too late for his penetrating e^'e, and persevering mind, who^
4lurif»g his adminisXratioR of public affairs, had surmoimted the
ofRciai difficulties experienced by Mr Palmer, in the accomplishment
of laaiUcoachefr, which, though admitted to have exceeded the
advantages expected^ yet, however, with .the public, the work,
tbns begun by Mr. Palmer, remains imperfect, until the purloin-
iBefitof mooey-leUers is prevented.

'' JFailune of patronage vi that improvement, oocasioned a
suspensioa of the Author's labouts : and' the frequent losses of
Bfinkerg^ -parcels, sent hy eoaches, have since engaged his stud j :
and successful in the Jnyention of a remedy, he has been hono,dt^
with Letters- Patent. "^

" Since this Kdval grant, delay of execution may Be deem^
incapacity, but ge«tk;iCQen of Ijberal minds will be astohished at,
and admire the perseverance, with lyhich an individuiil, by his
own assiduity, is likely to carry into efftcjt nn ipstitution of this

• « In one year, ending at Lady-da^, 1795, reported itt.ii(wdc» onlyv the
I0S6C8 exceeded 40»000/. and in the ful lowing qvariers, as ai>|>ear^ at aBwir^
hdd at the PoHt-oflice oB>lie 4th of October, 1796*.

for Midbuinnier quarter 8403/.

BricbacluiAS ditto 466(L "

Christiuas ditto ..SiaSa.'

^t<l^-^uhUoatiun by Mc. ikMUior, Cooiptroller fpr the liUaod -PqpaftineiBa
•ftheUeneral Pout- office. . , ^ -n

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* VfBgtfitOfde, retarded mUc& by collecting a^ Well as solving^ diier-
' ^t opinions.

** Tke mode^j practised by coifntry Bankers in sending and
leceiriDg their parcekj are muDerous and well known to the Pa«^
tiP.ntee) but po attempt for their safety, short of incomplete syts*
[ ttux, can preveat the losses. Slany of the robberies are commi^e^i

by an orgaalzed company, . cousistlag of ten or twelve mens;.^
' partnership, with a large capital, the collected fpuits of their c^e^

^ predations :' and their proceedings are conducted by acquiring, "m,

^ the first instance, a full knowledge of the times and methoos iai

Bankers sending their parcels, (circumstances easily ascertained
tlirot^h coachmen, guards, porters^ bankers* clerks, &c.) and thea.
/our ofthepartners are dex>uted to commit the robbery; such were;
tl^e cases of the Reading, Hertford, Newbury, Brighton, Pprt»-
Capiith^ coaches, &c. &c. They apply separately, several days be^
fore the coaches set off, to book themselves for the particular daj
on which the parcel is to be sent They also profess to be vihf
known to each other. And the character of a banditti of this dev
scriptioQ is, that they will not be disappointed of their booty. No
special messenger, or any private friend, who takes a Baaker^A
parcel, can be safe in person or property, (while trav^ing particu-
larly in the night) with such thieves. Other pobberies of Ban**
kers* parcels are found to be eommitted by the guards of the
mail and other, coaches, coachmeo, porter^, ^cin Consequence of
the great temptation in their way. And it is folly to suppose that
men ivk these situations are long in ignorancfe of a Banker*! paroel,
though disguised in.various shapes. There are jaUo other Icnfg^i^
of the roads, whose whole support depends on what they can ca-
sually lay their bands pn* .

Defence, or security against such hosts requires a system havings
the effect to

ANNIHILATE TEMPTATION,

AND

PREVENT ACCOMPLIC?ES.

On these pillars the Patenteehas erected and turned his tnnm*
phal arch: and, in addition to the advan/tages of sending retnittan^*
oes safely to London, ,the establishment will extend its operation
to a safe and regiilar neturn of every note, after payment in Loa-
4oii, back to the Bankers in-the oountry for re-circulation.
. ^'jfrhe charges were originally intended to be 6d. for every ^100,
or hs, for every e^l.OOO remitted; but the same were found too
high, and thought to disclose the amount of each Banker's business.
•Yielding to every reasonable request and accommodation, an an-
nual compensation wiU be accepted, according to the table in the
Prospectus.

'^ Subjoined are also Proposals tor conducting in London a
General Office, appn)priatc;d to the sole use of Country Bankers^
for the earliest intelligence on various subjects, and other matters
•f importance or beaeHt to them.

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" No cf^lB of jimiM^; <W ^«|ifflwlP!| JVfROfv^ipg UiidrmtAkii^
nor labour to perform tvhatever might be beneficial to Coiiiitrf
Bunkers, have beea spaifed^ ab4,.indettmK,tlM» tWfpot€ sMitmb is
loUiseud, wlMb ttertiooB, ingtaMi^f^,aBd«ttafk»Mi>tii4itf^ltt|tpfcg^

. Our limits ^ill not permit the entimenition ot^tt^ variotifi^itMldf
itf^tfieplan > which as it promised to be Of considerible irabTfe'B^
Befit, oug}it to be examined ifi the origitial words of the oMbpts
It may be observed, however, that! fhe'prinbi^ feature iii Wkp^
. p^ns'to be, the affixing of a stiittplni/prMs upbii Bunk tiofes, tai&
b)rM)vhicia)^ and London Bankers, notifying stiqipa^ of paymeitf
lUKll certtficatioD of due arriva! and MiVery. Xliia proccaa itf
swumiinended on every tranafer or cemommcatioA otftLpe9mo%
wj fRMB London to the CouMry,. aod tin versa,. .. . . <

AU parcels sent to London are to b^ directed to the Fat^^tBei
trho avers that neither himself, his clerk> nor others, caitxnakia
an improper coversion of them. It may be so; but we fear t|iai
Bankers will be too sceptical to trust the assertion.

Art. SS^-^na T^^rOwde, Amrm^Ikm Rgturmf mttHlgittma
Niw and Simple Mtthod^ w a mre <md^ etstemice Ground^-w^rkfof
' #• Stud^ of fimdamenUtl Rula of Jrittimetic, a# mttalfy' iaa^kL
Jdapted to ScheoU. By Saaach Ck>RSB7T, Superintcnfleat of a^
School at Pendleton^ near Manchester. Pp. 43. Darton anl
Co. 1815.

. ^Bwiiitstetuiiipilaliim aw; b^^wmtM' »» tlia Wglw> shaiaa i>

adiools ; but it is too prolix for the junior forma.

Abt. 99. — Jtt Extract of a Journal kept on hoard his Majestff^s Ship
Bellerophon, Captain F. L. Maitland, froih July 15i& to Augms^
7th, 1815; bein^ the Period durktg which Napol^n Buonaparte
was on board that Ship. By Lieut. John Bowerbank, R.N. late
of the Bellerophon. Rivi»gtens. 1815.

Hao not the name. o£ a British officer been subscril^ to Aia
Journal, we should havi^ pronounced it a collection of scraps from
our diurnal prints ; but eooiing titoin rcapeptable authority, wa
anst conclude the. Journal to, hai'c becniQwrectly kept;

'. " ■

Aav. 30.^^J Treatise on, Domesda Pmliry^ Pigeons, and RMlis,

wiih a practical Jccetmt of the Egyptian Method of hatching Em

by Aaf; and alLtkefSsedful Particulars relatice to Breeding, Keiff-
. eng, and Manageaseni, Dedicated to her Grsux the Dudkess Dbiff*

get <^ RiULaud. By Boxik^tok MowsaA v, .Esq. l^o.' Hi.

218. Sheiwood and Co. 1815.

AISmall but very uscfiiU we will e^'en say inlereatiog Tpkvne j
eonta}niti§^ considerable inforaration on the art of fearing pt^^9iis
and rabbits ; mid as such we cordially recommend it to the dv>-
rishen of those dainty vklima of hmatcn inxncy. .« j'

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/n{ 'S«S -3 '

«%«

*:.3,

- Now that satietjr hw acM^rded a Wfi^^^im^ ih^ vfprk'^
slaughter^ IHeralure agaia bedos io siicd )U c^aapiHAg iafltt^^

OTceover the lands so Ute the scene qf^w^we/, From the
continent^ of Europe and An^^ttpa we' again hail tlie ^^es'qjT:

, With pleasure we ^(l,our Wethreu uijlhe,}Uiiited States oC :
iijMriaa s^tmrwig taitJb^nplMir i^ to Mie locnti-4«*to their won^
tcd'babili of o»Dmaro^««««nd.the.iMllii^titai(of liiem^^^
SiAce the eoaaatiair of hostififtieB vMh 'Attieriba^ we have opened
«l MUMfoiiiieaw fpilh* tiiat cQteredtiftg, ^-countiy, and frm '
thtAcehavereceiv^A'aKt^raiyconMgnmeht'ofT^Tecetit na*-
tlW|M'MieaCSdtl». ;\8dcW o^ these worbs as tii#r^ ditreaied of
tdttioiWns retfespective jJoKtics, which uhd^ thc^'domrnion of
jfe^tee are despicable^ we Miall occasionally -notice: and' we'
trust that to the features which haye hitl^fif^ jc£ar^£Aer^^ the
Cntical Review^ and w^ich hare ^ecwM^tPrSt aq.«iaerea8edr'
and atiil increasb^palrqo^e, this new attr^elillQ/Will befountl .
a valuable and highly uadul aeeeaetoft^) fayaniUbitiag to the
British Public the. atotevof Uttratiiffe.amaiig"Ti people apftng -
from antfestors cdminoKi to 'bbth^ ahd:«rho0tf'*iiia&nen^ babits^
and pursuits^ bear so close a rtt^mMuiee^^riiinr ^wn.

ttsa

aAsk

BMsgaegBttiiiiiM nuae
WORKS 1^ THfc i?ItES5,

IBB

TStkxut in Deccmbei^'Will W
peJblithad, A Practloal and Fa-
miliar Exposition of the Thirty^
nioe Articles of Religion of the
United Churdh^B W fingland
and Ireland. Bjr the Rkv. H. C.
O'DonnoghuCj A.M.'

Four Letters of Bir^Hatthew
Hale .to his Childien; 1. Con-
cerning their Spee(»hi * IS*. On
keephig the X^orcTs Day^, 3. On'
Religion; and 4. on Reco^eiry
foomSickneu^ wit^ a MemoiiF
aM a Portrait of the Author^
will be published in a few days.
. -PsttrSlBsarftMkmf.lloNdissMt
Religious, addiesaed ionlierU-«4Sarmon^thhLllit^6ui&i&erCir-

An iUttsiration of. the Li-
turgj and ^S^rvice of theMJnited
Church of England and Ireland.
By the feeVT. Pruer, of Aid-
boUrtie. Wliji isjn the Press. *

•Ph'i'^^.'T.' Yomig, Rector
of.GiUingi^iekr'Yorfc, is about
to >irtiKih his' Sermon on the .
Justification of '* faith without.
Wo/fts,^oiK9t:«Mul an|^St. James
reconciled.

T\i§V.^iitA S. C^obbold is
about to pttbliMi two Sermons ; '
one on' the Importance (^ Relt-
gTon, bdeti to Bdeffty and the
Indiviiu^d-»4hb^Qthei^Au8 Assize

lag Gi|nisiatioii«

euit.

Crit. Rxv. you IL ikfoember^ 1815.

4A

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5M

tlrorkMf^H^Pnf»,%fi.

Obsenrations on th(
Ontof ^leTiftKAf
rf Wrath wntb ^
iValice 3 together with a ue^
to Mr. Faber^i late Pabiphlet,^ fs
i»repariir^ TO?; |iut|tieatidn by
Mr. JFtee»

* The Rer. James Carlisle^ of
Dubliti, k aboot'to tkibUsh a
MGOJid cditbn of hia Answec to
tW B^.* Mr. Ry m't. Senaon.

The lUy- ^ R**jWngP* i«
oditing a new.editi^ ^^ 9^*
gibiis Edncatioi), Iql a Series q^
Family Coarer^atiQiiy. By the
late J. Bowden, of Lower To9k\
iog, SttiTcy.
'A Manuel for a' Parish, Priest*.

Pbems designed eMeHy For
ISoung Feoj^e. ByJoMpfaCot«
i&. Seoobd BdltSOtt.

A SecoiuL VAhme of INs*
crarsea on tfaeprinc^filea^tf Qe«
send $elie4 Id pre|»ar(i« for
jAblication, Bjc^l^rJ^sy. fe^
bert Moorhead.

On tte lit tttJmnaj nest
will be published (iQ b« ^£^*
imed in weelily numbers) The
Jewish Etpositor^ and'^ep4i<^t
Israel.

The Student's Jourfta};.9f -
ranged^ prfnte^ and. ruled . fq^
receiving an' Account of, eve^,^
Day's Employment fojc ^eSRaoc
of One Tear. \Yitl^:i|9 ^4^x
ai^dAppendis^ ^si,8yp^, Ke^^y
hali^ bound in MpcpCQp.

'ThcArchitcctAnd Siinrgyior's
Vade Mpcum; %, % hv^\^'
Surveyor, Roc^lfr^ ;^i^ ^^^ ,
be published.

. An Intro4uo(iqn tp ^rudef^pp j
or. Directions, doupsels^f a^
Catitionsji ten4u)g ^ the .pru,-
dent ManagmezU of ^aics -iiv,
Common £ite« ^" Compned ,^y
T^omasPullcr^^M^Q^;/^
8vo/

. Ifr, EUtf^l^ has nearly ooito^
pleted hir " Representa^e Hia*
^^.^C 9>f«^B^^<>^ 4md if«-
land^ $fx lot^g ^pected. Tht
valuable, doquments . which, ha
has lat^y procured will leave n6
cause to legpet the delay^

The BuhlicatioB of the XraTels
of CoK^nel Keatinge throngh
Fvanoe, Spain,, and Fmtc^vA, to
Mbrocg^, ia dahiyod for ecsM
weeM,.il.bcui|^ the anilior'a im*
tentim tq sskbjmaii atteoBAftof
a second jompQr.thaevi^]
ixK 18A4{ i«h which * .
con^risQn, u(iU ha diiawA ba*
tw^n^'ttw prciisant and fbtOMK
.situation of that conntry and itpi
ii^abitants.

The Rev. lame? Rndge^ M^
is preparing for the Press Lec«
^urel on the Creed, preached in
Llmahonaa Church.
, The Rer. Mc S. Claphan,
MA ba iotbe Prasa^Actklnb
upon Sessions Law.

Ueut. Henry Pottenger, of
the.Sast^lndia Company's Scirw..
'vic^, has in the Press Travela in
QdoocW9M and Sinde.

Mr. Sharon Turner is prinlia^
thes$QQ^4¥ohHne.af bis iUatoty
of £qg)and, which indndes.tbb
p{ Sdwand L to Hettty

mSMi

,Th^ British BotanlsCa
pajiiqOi^ hgr ^W. Salisbury, ia.
J^early ready for publiealMUk .*

^. £i09D|ologic9l .Skttonary
of ^9h tmna^as' a«a( dmrad .
ft^p |dpieGffe^;aadX«tia4laii-

and. #,Bi9gr^hical JOktiaiiaiTrir
otUl^^g Artists, Jatetidddia&.au'
Comp^ion to the' DictionajQ^ ain
liv>i]^ Authoiii* by^MieA^CiMuiir
bef»» B^M ^.atalo Af fiansas^ £
ne$a,fpr.pHJi}lkMtaH . » i -a '^
; Abbreviateurltalieat improv-

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oflte Mfddk^T^ihi^e; !$ iirtlie
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cftttulmd la |)lac^ thdd'lffi^i--
tBtftmbj^t in ft ii&^ K|fit; ^(10(

The Purple Island/ tf,^oeni,
b^ Phifiea« FleU^^^ t^llf a9do
edbn app^. '

Mr.P^pe is Jre^[>aring W JifeW^
edition of his Ab^idgeiik^ m
the Laws of the Cn^ttAnS. It,
trill maAce its dppehrdnce as soon
as he is enabled to avail Tiithself
of the alterations which may be
esfcated td Sake p1a(*e at the
^nraiilg «ie«tiilg of Paillttitoent. ,

Mr. Cafpue, Surgeon, has

irrMyorKirs.ih.t'

cate 'iJr"fiJiabur&K

Jjrk'5^|i''|»j|i,«p«iHne^^^ pT V

ress.

ptibiyieU a Vi^tt to FlajBden^

entfl

, -.The »ji

Thorns "t
and cunou
planaior
fbr-tli6'

NovLO.to.'Wi;??. •,:; . /

' ^mtlttii? kW iUes. t^

SSibrfa bf /Pngland^ collectei
from Ateoioirs tvrit H^].n& .^wn
hand, etfited ty ioa-der of tfe.
Prince Regjetit; by the &.ev, J.S.
et^i^e, tllK r.R.*.'wm6liorK^
H be published; - ^

ire'^oj^'^jot Henry
iaffl dtSurrt, aii^jl Sir

tlf rsady f<»i* pubGcMdn a
Work M NttHd OpeiftttSbn, iWii^
trnied with Plat^. "/ .

life T.' J. Arttiiger has in the
press^Rudimesits or tiie Anatoniy
and PIlysi#)ogy of'%he Human
Body, designed for the vse of
young Silideiitili '^ '

DelliMatioUft m Gdiahettyfas
I>tBea0es, iMr T.Batehr^, MD.

In It I^Wiayft lent ^ bMyliJA"^ |
•4> OlMH»lra^ns oiiPeMbleliR^d*
the Arts of Gi^eeee, 'jpff^vfcns
icy oDd 4tlriBg th< time ht flou-l
rited. '

MnGtion is about td i>ifiiblfish
ft Mw^ «nd Improved editfon 6f
kisThaislaii0ii of H<sH>d/ iin^

SfemcAis ' df %h'^' J^j*e qJT^
Marlborough, from lils private
corresppndenoe and fi^xnily .do-
cuiflent^, ptefeerveu si i$)€n^eina>
by Wto. fccjfi, Archdcaco^i p{
WiltSj, is in the Pxes^Q^. ,*
'. Histo^f and i[>escrip|tiqp oi
Canterbury Cathednvl, iDjosf^t-
ed l)y .tWfeiiw JlkWy-fii^
Engratrq^^ froin. J^rawiags qy
T. Hasffl^, Member pf ^ha .'
ftbyatljfrerp^iJil Academy j pm >
wfioHi to b^ ^lei^ted i^ an uoit t
fonu .s.>L^ Ly "*y. WopUio'th^W
nearly ready far the PK as.
, An elegan^' pocket ^itio|i|- in •
three volume, of t^ ^7pi^ of ,
Ovid from, the text pf ^rmaUBj ^
}$ ju^t ready for j^li^:afic|0t /
IfhiiB forms one oi* a coaoipletc) .

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.HiatoriaiiBj pubUshing^uiderilie
^« of ^he ,<' RiiseBt's Ckwics/'
^Tbe Mtbor$ already publisked

are HoraAe> ViigiU Terence, Ja-

.:^iial> Vemns, boA Lucap.

. Dm, Bmby is preporiDgp for

FublicatioB a new ed&iioa ol
]Myiv^^<>QnBjph7» compriung

Memoirs of "all tbe emioeat

Compose!^ -apd .Writers of the

The remainder of the Wor]cs
of Claudiany-the last o^ the Ho-

'I Mr. iiigUiDgalp isrengaged
upon aHistoiy of ^he, city of
"W^ttoindter. '

T>t\ Jtphn 'RpVin^oh has in
great forward heps, ^ A System of
MQchatii6al Fhi^b^phy^ com-
prising tlie nk)st recent pipco-
yeries in the Physical Sciebces.
'' ^ Mr. George . Saker^ aAef de-
w&nj? several years to coUecf.-
ing Materials for the Work,
Intends &oop to put' to press a
"New Hbtory of Kortnanipton-
^hife,' broaght-down to the> pre-
sent pefiodT

The following >viU pe . pub-
Jished' in tl>(^ present ^ Pecen>

. Paris reyisjted in J.81^, . by

^blih Scoit. ' . ;

-; SeriQons, by the l^efr. -Archi-

.bahl Alison, LL.B. Volume tlie

Sd. In 8vo. 12s. boards/,: j

r ^auls Letter tq his SLinsfoUca^

in a -Series of Letters from the

Continent, in l^vo^ /

'^ • Val^W's jpyejj '^ Nov^I. by

Mrs, dpie. In 3 vols. lHjnot,

The Cathedral *Ahtrquitie3 of
England, ir an Historiqal, A^-i
chitectural, onatSraplucal I*(Iust
tration of the English pA^e^cai
Chnrches. ' Bj' JrBlnfton; 1F.Sa.

;Th^•> BoteniiiU jOralipaitte,
oontaiaiag Piwwptadnm.o£ iA
the Plasto gfaarin^iRradr la this
cmmpTf^ aad aisa aadLaa^ aae
cuMiraied <fbr tha paiposea af
lifedicinc, with an Acaoaart ^f
their Virtues, Pt6paicalioaa» &(.
BjrW.Saliabttfy.
. Jo|ialH.l]uB'6eatofliaa PHae
Poem, by tbe Ba¥. J. W. Bcdk-
my, M.A* of Queen's College,
' Cainfafidgay^aMi ly .piitTHTWHi la
a few dayg.

Hints addressei to the Pro-
prietors of Orchards, and the
Growers of Fmit in geaeial, bf
Wm. Saliabary^

Annals of the Reign of Gtom
the Third! By J.Aikia^ M^.
In % vols, octasno. • *

Discipline, a Novel. By the
Anfhpr of Self-Co&troi The 3d
Wi^oa« in. 3 vols, po^t 8vo. iX
4s. bofl^s, . ' '.

Sketches of Cbaraeier, > or
^pechaens of Eeal I^ife. By iBe
author of " Varietief of JLifar*
Tbe 3d edition, in 3Tols«13aieb

Censurialiiteraria^coalaaiiBf^
Titles, E)Ltracts, and OptnioAa
pf ,Oid Saglish Book«» Mi^i-
ally those which are acaace.. B^
Sir Egerton Bridge* Bart. K.I.
MfP«. A new edition, la \0
yoli. 8T;ov7rThe >lmprQS«ioa of
.thi^ Wpck'consistf of enlf IW
Copief.

Witt's Recr^lioas, ^ refinai
and ^u^Bienkd with ij;^pff»iinu^
Copoeitas for tbe WittM^ and
Menrie Medieifies for -^ Mif-
l^pc^oliQ. Printed ^r^^ the
^ition of 164/0.. .J V
. Mon^ic .and 'Bamaial •fie-
mains, by J. G. Parkynsi Bag.
In. ^ Kols. rpyal $yo, IHnstratdd
\)y up wards, of lOO eagravio^
. Speeches of the late JU.iUoa.
Edmund Burke, in 4 vols. 8vo.

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^WHh tt Series ^f View? illd|.

>ratlye of the Ohcuracter al^d pro-
jninent Features nf the C09M,
«iiglraved by WiiliEm Dailiell,

WiittiigB of Lope FeKx^^ Vfe&
Garfrio*. By H^nry^iehald Lm
HMMd. A Tiew BditioiKi witii
AAditipnv. ' 9 v^s. Bv%>. I

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lAimmsLa System df Boitaiffi il-
^hitftrated by 9elect Spec^im^tis Af
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«

JJST OF NSW PUBWCATIONS.

THEOLOGY- , ,

' A Letter to the Bishop Otf Chu'hutn
.^a the Origin of the. Pelasj^U and on
ih^ original Name euid Pi-oounciation
of the JEuWc Di^aitJTOa, in Answer to
Marsbs's Horx Pelasg^ics. By the
Bi^lioffofSt. Da;rids.

Ttjwrts o;i the Origin and Indepen-
dence of the Ancient British Cbnrcb.
^y ITiomas Buf?es6, D.D. JLord Bi-
«hop of St. Davids.

• 'rh^^d Vol of the^aeri^ Melodies.
•By ^V. Gardner* Sd cd. ^

Scripture Characters. 'Bv Thomas
fWWn«ob;M.A. lite Vicar of «t. Ma-
Vj^, l^en^^ter.

• Aafiptsayon-Evanitlitalilop*! Sy
I)aniel Tyermaa, bJKenrport, Isle of
WfeKt. ' "

^ -Anlftcitfi^flnto tlie ^^t of Bsp-
^in» ^ an Ananier to the Rev. Mr.
jfUHfitif TWo Tracts on RegeheraCiou
and Gbnversicm. By the Rev. J. $cottj
)l.N*.&fHalI. '

' A DftseiiAiien cfa xYst Propbe^i^.

• St tM^efl'Gecir^ Fafoer, B.l). Rec-
tor of Long Newton, Durham. S Voig.

'fhe Prophecy of Ezekiel, conccm-
miCM^. 'By feraiivilhel»dnrt, fiJo.
.-^ Allq|)^t#a'litftter from tlid ReV.
TbM. GHboAe to the Bishop df Glou-
cester, Qn the Sul^Ject of the Bfitish
Ind Foreign Bible Sbciel^r. By the
Rev. H. Woodcock, Rettor' of 'Mi-

tfUMifaUMlT/llaTttB.

SjtatevDent of the Pefsecution of the
^rotestants in the' South of Franco
since the Itestoration of the Bourbon
raihSly.* 9y tha Riv^. T. 'Cobbin,

Biblical Gleanings^; or b, Co1Iep^«|i
of Sctiptiire Passages. By Thomafi

Tht l^ifteenth Report of the QiyiMh
Missionary Society « with the Anni-
versary Sern^on. By the Rev.' £djt
Vaughan.

A Sketch of te Proceedtngt of the
deputies appointed to pi;^tcct thai;i»
vil J(lights of the Diiseaters, ». .,.
' 'Invocation of the Virgin Jfary^ aid
of the Sanits, as now practisedih the.
Church .at Rome. By-ThcQpi4tf lie
Merarier, KD, . . - .

Hymns .and Poems, doctrinal aniA
experimental, on a Variety of Sub-
i*«fi» By Daniel Herbert, of Sudlmiy.
4tb edittoo> levhcd and correcteii '

Asiel, or the Young Cettvert die-
scribed. By the Rev. Thomas Youngs
of Zion Chapel, Marntte. 3d ed.

Itie Sctipturc DicBoiyary, of an At-
tempt' to assist the unfeamed Reader
to understand the Old Testameift.
New edition.

An 01dSmoker*8 Reasons for brok-
ing his Pipe, humbly submitted to the
Consfderation of bis younger Brethrca
in the Christian Ministry. 3d editieil^
with additions.

The Propensity fo Religious Eifor 1
aBermon preached hi' the Cathedral
Chureh tif LrincoU. By tlw'tle^.'lt
W. Vevers, B.A. . ^

' Letters to a Friend on the I^denca
of the Chri«ian Religion. * By Oijrn*
thttfs Gregory, Ltr.D. 3de<6tfon. "

A Skf toh^oC'the OeantniAatidas of
U)e Christian World. 3y the Rev, |«
Evans. New Ed.

' A ^an for the better Maintenance
end mdre ^twsHX Resideace of the Cu-

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fittny.

SS&MONS.
SenudDB qp the most iaaportant
Subjects. By Ae Rev. J, Atdftmu,
UUb.VkttrofMBfdtBf-KcBC « cd.
with fid4itiaBs> Svo*

A SefVDon preached at Lambetb
Chapd. at the Consecration of the
Lor« Bishop of Gloucester. By C.
Worasworth, O.D. Dean of fiockinr. .
A SermoB on the Peace. By we
lUv. J. Eudee, M.A. IJi^.. Dedi-.
esited l7y IVrmission to the Earl of Li-
verpool.

SeroDons for Povocbial mmI .Domes-
tic Use. By Richard Mant, P.D.
DoKicstie CtniplBin to the Archbishop
of Caogfterhur}'.

A S^mmoi preached at Great Cog-
mbally Essex, on the 3 1st Aupist
htst^ in behalf of« and for the beuefit
of the National Schorls. By B. B.
Steviensi BJl,

Eemarkable Sermons » bv Racha«l
9ak«r, delivered during Sleep , with
J)e\otion»l Exercises and Remacltt.
9y Dr. Mitchell and othcis.
EDUCATIOXt.
ATusedm. Chticum, or Cambridcf
Classical Researcfa«a» No. 5.

A Grain IT ar of British G€iigraphy«
iilmtrat^d with 70 Viairs of Cities
Ctionlry T«wns, and remarkable Pl»-
cesi and bv Mapa of the British
Islauda fuid Colonies.

Piukerton's Geography, witk new
Mapf*

Anev and copious English and

Gaelic Vocabulary. By P. Macfarlane.

Mathematical Tables. By J . Brown.

A Sketch of the Greek Aoctdfnce.

By John Uodgkin.

A French and English and English
and French Dictionary. ByM.L'Abbe
deLevisac.'

The Catecbitn of Nature, for the
Use of Children. By Dr. Martenet,
corrected by the Rev. J.Joyce.

A» Engraved Cyphering Book fan
the UmS Ladies' Schools. By Wil-
liam^ailMes, Private Tutor.

Hcrvey's New Copperplate Cipher-

kig Bw>k« with 662 fixainpica. 4to.

half-bound. Med* Familiar snd ftoportmnl Mediei^

«#*' The character of thia Ss:hoal Advice. Ify a Surgeon of aa HonpitaL

Book hi givoain thaCciticai Ra» ObsecvasionaoH the ^ytoplflfpt tot

view for Mav, 1814. j Treatment of the Disaaaed bfiftt. Ar

1 Thfi French Interpreter^ vitk « * Tbo«aa Copclandj S«i|[^oiu

, Bfi^iooRAnnr,.

ACatalogMK of JK^ks, by Mr.
eo of ReaaiiE«w<<^i|want*.
and rare.** ... r.,

A Catal«gve o^ New wnA Seco^
hand Books. 1By T. Keys* Ptet.- L
Also, a Lia of X!iasawnt fannnClii—
from Germany^ ltalv,0nd CfttDAv pb "^

A Catalogue of Booka for JMBii'
1816, comprising upwards of HjfM
Volumes in Ancient and Modem li^
terature. By Uftac WfUon, Hutf^ ".

A Supplementary Catalogue of the
Stock of the late firm of W)ii^
Cochrane, and C6. containing niVf.
valuable, and important Articles-^
Literature. ' .

Kodfonfs (John,of KaH) CsUl^tae
of a Valoable and Curiooa CoJlecfio^
of Books, 8vo.

LAW.
Fragmenta. AntM|uilatls> or Aa*
cient leances of Luida and Jocalar
Customs of Manors. ByU.M.Bedu
with. 1 Vca. Demy 4tu.

A Treatise on Cbartar Parties «t
AiTieigktmcnt, iw« wltken Apyerfii
of Precedents. By G. Lawea, Se^
Barrister at Law*

The Pocket OompcmkM ta theZiMs
of Bills ef Eschaage^ t^wmmtj
Not^«Drafta9€berkf,4Ec. BjJofatt
RoUe, Esq. Bartisier et Lav.

Barton's Index to Modem Law Pra^ «
cedents wiU be yaMiafcrd wa tije-ant
day of next Hilary Term. , iw>

ADigestof the Law* ol Shmpiaij^
Navipiion, Revenue* aad alLliatiiii H
cognizable by the Officera af the €na<-
tonis^fBaai the earliest PeiM4s*. . -)

Advice on the Study of the Xmv* St^
William Wright. ^ T^.c ,

MEDICINE AN]> SURGfilT. *; ' '

Underwood's O^tsilogue of aa j^ > •

tensive^ CollectijB of BqHl2i-Mh4l»-..o '
tomy> Suigeiy, VMf:lx^,mi£fiifigi^

The Friendlr Letim it a li^ji ^
Eminent Physician to pfi fhiglUI '
Countess an Bitioas aa^Hefvdifta Q^

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^t^Mbeon^Ooiq^a aiklCWb^ I IVatds of All B^y, hi MroiTcOw
yith Methods of Cure. 3d.«d. B7-W. l Tnpofi, Cyprus, Eftypt, Arabk,S\Tifc,>
HiekmaB. , , I and Turkey. Written by himselA

A Practical Treatife on th^ Virtaea Cainpbel's lYsveb in South Afnca,
«f the Gntio laOftdnalitof Hedge - ■ —

ni^mi ag. a Remedy furOmsttoiptiau.
IB^ Kichard Recce, M.D.

Medical Advice to tb« AOicted with
Rh€umatittt9,raliy,Cbilblaiiis, Deaf-
mu^'EMkufgtrtkttit of JohiU, Sprains,
Ttimori, Ac. By «i Fiactitioner in
Medicine.

A Oomplflte Treatise op Veterifiaiy
Medicine. Vol.4. By James White,
of ExMer,

mSTORY*

The History of Greece, from the
earliest Accounts to the Death of Phi-
litrKin^ of Macedonia. By W. MU-
fojdg Ksa. 8 yoL 8vo. Ne^ir edition.

TSe'lRstory of Syotland.durius the
Itelgn of Queen Mary and Jai^es Vi.
till his Accessien to the Crown of Ens-
huul. By W. Robinson, D.D. with the
Lile4aad -Writings o^ the Author. By
Bugaid Steward, F.RJS. Edinhargh.
Netfaad muine Edition, S vols.Svo.

Notes, Histortral and Descriptive of
tfaMMory of incfaiBahvae.

Tbr Ancitfst Histofjr of EorcFpe,
IrofH «he eniacst !rhn«r to the Sobttfr-
sion of the Western Eaipife. By C.
Coole, LEJ>. 8 voh. 8vo.

Uisleryand Antiquities orKtddhig-
tQ«^ By .the Rev. Thomas WAtson,
BiD. Rector of Kiddfaigton. Royal
4to«

M«ioii<kStaAisttcat Account of Ifft-
land, Tol. I. 8vo.

^tcetcb's (L.M. M.A.) Beautief of
HIttery', new edition, l3mo.
BIOOtlAPHY.

General Biography or LiVes, Criti

cal and Uistoricalj of the mj
nent iVrsons of all Ages.
Aikin, MJD.

Memoirs and Confessions
Ash^, Atrfhor of the Spirit of the'
Ac. WMenlfyhin^r. .

The Biographical DictlonarV, Vol.
XXIV. Edited by Alex. Ch»lm^r»|>

''./ HaVeu, &c... I'.i

A Otegraphical Description and-
Plaf{>f the IsMd of. St. Helena.. By I
Lieut. Head.'

.Ajh A<^c<>\ii»t nf theJCingdoia^ Cau*^
bu), and its I>ei)endancea in Persia,
Tartary, and Indis; By. tlie Htm.
Mount Stuart Elphhutdne. 1 Vol. 4to.

undertaken at the RequeM oPtbeMk-
s'umBj Society, ltd editkm.

•«* The first Edition of tbi4 inta#-^
esting Work is reviewed At eoosi'-
deiabli length In the CriUbol Re-
view for May and June^ 1615.
Travels in Russia, PqUumI, the Bal-
tic, &c. By Robert /ohnstpn, Esq,

A Visit to Paris hr 18M. By J. .
ScdU. 3d edition.

%• The first edition of thi«**Visie*
has been reviewed, at considera-
ble length, in the CriticaiPReview
for August last.
Egypt, a Scries of Bngt«Mag8, '
exhibi'ttng the Scenery, AntiquMes;
Architecture, Costnme, Inhabitant!,
Animals, &c. of that Counti^, with
Descriptions, &c. By Vivant
Baron de France.

Essai sur les Medailles Antiqa«
Ile»de€ephals«neet d'lthaqtie.
C. P. de Kesstt, .Lieut. Colonel aa 9er«
viotfnde ia Majesty Britanniqne^ \

POLITICAL, ^

Parliamentary Debates* Volon^es
XXX and XXXi. completmrthe' last .
Session, are published this day.

Of the Revolutions of the piesent
Ministry, by M^«, translated ifrura the
French Edittim.

An Historical Menpir of Fo«cli4 of
Nantes, now styled Duke of Otrante,
wilfr appear in a few days.

The Speech of Mr. Phillips at the
Aggregate Meeting oa the,&Mte U
Ireland.

]>|IAMA«
The 6uke*s Coat, or the Night af-

ides
P«

|i- Jtf \y^fxk)o : a Dramatic Anecdote.

Kenetwortf», a Mask.

A Course of Lectures on the Dra*
tti^e Alts aUdtfittrature, translated
from the German oy John Blacky Esq.
POETRY.

Oeeasionai P^ems and Miscellanies
on various Subjects, with Notes. By
Capt. Hall, of the East InUia Army.
12mo.

•< The Orphans, or the Battle of Ne-
vils Cross, a Metrical Romance, in S
Caut«s. 0d edition.^ [Sea our Revieir
of the ficst edition of this Poem, for
June, 1815.]
'^«r ttbrtram» a Poem, in 6 Cantos,
b>' J. Roby. Bvo. 7s. extra boards.

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.CoBsolatitti, with otber Poems, bv
Ike R«r.W. Gillespie.

Relics of Melodina, a Portuguese
BocC Titeslated by E. Lawson , Esq.

Liddianl's (Rer.W.) Life. Boat, or
iKlkm iyihnmf a Poem, ISmo.

KOViCLS^ TAtBS, AK9 KO- .
MANCES.

Human Katuia. a Novel, 3 vols.
Ilhno.
«VlMiMafe»aTaU,l voL iSnia.

Uude Tweaz/ and bis Quizxical
l9«if bboiiffs, a Serio-comic Satiric No-
vel, fi^ the aathcDT' of tbe Observant
Pedestnaa MouBied.-*[For a Review
of tbe Observant Pedestrian Sf ounted
see Critical Review for September lost.

Rboda, a Novel.

The Invisible llsod, a Tale.
. Tile Koyal Wanderer, or the Exile
0f JBos^aiid, a Tale, by Algernon.

^arry Feuds, or Fortimr s Frolics, a
Novrf.

Matilda aad Maiek Adhill, the Sa-
racen, a'Crusade Romance.

Things .by their Right Namei, a
KoveT, 9 vols.^vo. 2d edttbh.— [A
Review of this admirabte Norel will
he found in oor Supplementary Num-
ber to Vol. VI. of the 4th Series, 1814.]

Sense and Sensibility, a Novel, three
fols.

The Abbess of Valteriai a Romance,
by Mrs. Agnes.

Dartmouth Parsonage, a Tale for
Yovni.

MI8CtSlXA97EOUS.

A ]>emonstration of the Principles
of Primafy Vision, with the conser

quent SitH o^Ailolbpliy ia Or^
Britain. By John Peam.

Harmonies of Nature. By J. B. H. -
deSt. Plef^, Author of the Siodies ol
Nature, Paul and Vir«ni)ia, $tc.

The British Imperial Cdcndftr for
1816.

Tbe l«ndon Calendar, of Cooft and
City Register, for 1816.

Research^ about Aimospbert^Plfee*-
nomena, by Thos. Forster> P.L«.S. 9i .
«litton, greatly enlarged.

A Practical 'Treatise oa Gaa L^liCs. .
By FredefSc Accnm.

A PFBCtica} Treatise on Ihm Jitnliiii-'
of breeding, rearing, andfhttenin^ do*
mestic PoalTry, Pigeons, and HuMI^.
ByB.Moatoiy,foq»

The Psgau Temple, or Misnosttry
Idolatry detected.

A Chip of the Old Block, or lli^ Vil-
lage Festival. By E. P. Knight.

Tha Village in an Upfoar, or the
Thresher's Visit to. the Bdisaicnaiy
Meeting in Lonfloa> Kay 18)4. Tbiid
edition, l$mo.

A Narrative of Events which bnve
taken place in France from the land-
ing of rif apoleon Bonaparte on tibe lit
March, 1815, till the Kestornuon wi
LouU XVUl. % Helen Maria HH-
liams.

A Journal kept in Fraooe during s
Captivity u>f more than nine Years, hj
Wuliam Soley.

A Letter from an English Lady ef
Fashion in Paris.

Wellington's Triumph, or Uie Bat-
tle of Waterloo, by William Thonaa
Fitzgerald, £sq«

An authentic Nan-ative of the Mn
sanguinary conflict on the Plains of
Waterloo, by Licut.-Gen. Scott.

TO CORRE8PONDI»TS.

TkeJhaktr o/ike History of the House of Romanof wUl obmt $k&i Airf»-.
qu^ has been acceded to, . . , > -

Numerous eaunouncentenU of fForhs in lAe Press, i^i^ded for ow, prfimti
JVumber, are tmavoidably omitted^ in conse^unce of the lateness of the gerini m '
whkh they were forwmrded, fn this and everjf other dmsrtmesU <j/iJ#jkuriCA|.
Rbvibw, pn^erence is invariahfy given to Omununicddons ef etxrljf dkiet, . Gefk-
tkmen, to whom s^edy Advertisement of their forthi.-omfnc Publictttions t^e^ U
of ntometii, ate therefore reconmiended to send their NottceSin the Jtrst 4r Je-
cond week of the month, ,

Unforeseen eireumstaneet prevented the last JVumber of thM Critical Seviw
from appearing vfith the usual eomjtUment ofjnattet : 0ds deficiency ^ our rMkn
wiltjferceive, we have not neglected to supply in the]^r§eent.

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..... THE ^ ^

** The Critical Kf^viewers are for supporting the Cos stUution, both if,
€^liorch axul Stmte/*-«-f2>'. i/(9AM«m^ fide BbsweiTs Idfif, vof . ii. p, 60, fjuart^

** The Critical Review is done apon the best Principle s,"— f2)r. Jolmatn^
iP^lde hit C^fereneewUhtht King) ^^

' ' '-, ' 'i ■ • ^ggg! ' "

Vol, II.] DECEMBER, 1815. ' [No. Vi

AjLT. \r^An Afico}int of th^ Kingdom of Caubul, m id its Dependencies
in Persia, Tartary, and India ; conq)rmng a Vie w of the Jfghaun
Nation, and a ftistory of the thoraunee Monai chy. By the Hon,
MouNTSTUART Elpuinstone, of the Honouiab le East India Com--
pany*8 Service; Resident at the Court ofPoona ; and late Emvy to
the king of CaubuL 4to. Pp. 6|^5. Lbngm/ in and Co. j Mur»-
ray. 1813.

Ay ii can scarcely coficeive a more importad t and exhilirating
Mttdy than the exaniinatit)n of principles ms .nifestly operatiDg"
upon a numerous and high-minded and ! intelligent people
to the production of national grandeur, power, and pros-
perity. We are earnestly intent upon the comparative rude
and imperfect developemerit of energies ^ hose matured and
tcfined action is to exhibit results so gratifyb )g. The afiairs of
8 nation destined to commence a career at or icc honourabte^^ad
glorious I — yet struggling with the difficultii s inseparable from
a n^w and scarcely^settled state ; — compose d of parts not yet
cemented into one great and efficient whold ; — whose civil dis-
tewlions partially consume the strength a nd talent which, a
more enlightened policy will direct to enf erprizes of foreign
' grandeur, and the consolidation of a wide ly-spread> and well^
administered dominion ; — ^must always ope n to the student in
human character sources from which he will be enabled to
draw more accurate aAd minute knowledgi ^ of its constituents^
than can possibly be affotded. by the histoi y of older and more
polished nations, encumbered with proline 'es which they koow
not either how to retain or surrender-^wi intitig means for' the
one, and magnanimity for the other— ofnd whose wars and
plans are conducted iri a manner that syi "itematicaily escltidef
the agency of superior abilities. ' '.

^ Carr. Rbv, Vol. II. DecenAer, I81«» 4 9

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1

SC2 P rogresi qf liberal PrindpU in Ada,

Our Waden , when they cast their eyes upon the title of ifcc
work upon Wi lich we are about to commence our observations,
niay feel son lewhat surprised at. the remarks with which we
have deemed i t proper to open this examination of Mr. Elphin-
stone's valuab le bookf and though that surprise will not, we
think, be of lo ng duration^ we can yet easily suppose that the
tone of our exi >rdlum will sound rather strange to the ears of
all who are vers ed in the history and politics of Asiatic States.
THey will recall to their recollection those scenes of atrocious
tyranny which o ccupy — with the fewest imaginable exceptions
—the pages of oriental historians ; that system in which the
xuler is every th ing^ and the people nothing, will rise before
them in all its vai iety of guilt — its unspeakable horror and gigan*
tic enormity, — ^ln 3ld together only by that dreadful compact wiUi
the vices^ the pal sions, and ignorance of its miserable victitris
which it has ins tihctively entered into ; that selfish and san-
guinary temper m hich teaches 'the sovereign to Endure no emi-
nence but his owl 1, or that springing fVbm and depetrd^nt on
jiiinself,' t|iat mot bid jealousy and distrust th^t will i^ot bear
even <^a brother near the throne," and consequently interdicts
the march of moil al and political amelioration, and submits the
interests of the co mmunity to the wayward and desolating cft-

Sriees ofa fool^ a c nadman — always a tyrant— will not, assu^edly^
e forgotten; — ^it will not be forgotten^ that blood-stained
basis on which nei irly every Eastern dynasty has erected its seat
of power, and terr or, and oppression, from the height of which
It has hung abroad the standard of its terrible and heart-bowing
dominion— -nor wil 1 the limited extent to which it would seem,
.at the first hasty . glance, the nations of Asia are confined in
.then: advances in s< nence tod practical morality, be .underrated
hy persons whose 8 «quainta&ce with the Eastern character and
genius would dispc '^ them earnestly and sincerely to dispute
.the most plausible ' speculation on the capabilities and natntal
tendencies of the Oi ientals ; then, too, the enervating climate^-—
stnd.the luxurious pr intensities of which it invites and sues dbe
indulgence, — ^ahd {. he habitual, upmurmu^i^ submissiojn to
•despotic authority ^ hich it appears to superinduce in the ua-
etiHivated minds ai id overaWed heeits of the popiriatiaii— ^
and the deep-rooted pr^udices of an intolerapt faiUi— and the
wast of concert aoK mg the peopl&**-^aad Hui absence of cidf^
feeling bearing the remotest connexiou with patriotic send-
mentr-rand the trao quil eiquanimity in the endurance of pre-
daiAned hardships ai id disAresse^ which is the ofispriog of the
most baleful of all < loctrines; — ^these, we are wdl aware^ will
enter largely into tl .lecalculittiooa Of the re|(deni of JEastern

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Tfogrm qfUberal Principle in Am^ &63

^ci^ordj when called upon for theii: assent to propositions
"so extremely hostile to art the notions tney liave imbibed re-
specting Asia and hey people, as that there ai!e actually af ttiii
wesent' inoment tliree vast and indepehde bt states' in thi
J^ast, whose government is constructed upon principles singu-
larly liberal — that the nature of their internal jpolity encourajj e$
file progress of us.eful knowledge, — and that the broximity of
wo of them to the plains of Bengal and the C«irnatic renders it
>y no means impossible that those extensive anc I even yet wealthjj^
provinces may, at no very distant period, be Kistored \o soihc-i
Ihing like ^helr former prosperity, and that England may b^

f^lieved froin tlie odious and cruel necessity of wasting so va-
uable a portion of her resources in the suppor^l of a sway whi^ii
when yoiing was never vigorous, and to which T^^ win nevef
give wisdom, ' ' • . r ,/

The coipm unities to which we have alludcfj are the Wuba*
bees,* the Sikhs^ and the Afghaunsj — of tlie first we shall

r? "■ . ' ■ f 1 ■

• Nieiibivbr is the Arst l&uropean traveller who report $ tKe rise and progresii
of this mterestiug and enterprising sect. Abdonl t^vikph was a native ot the
province ^f El irul, or Ool Urud, in Ambit. In bis yioath he diltpastly a|i-
p1ie4 hiqpMlf to the study of bis native li'teratiife, and aft»r residiof sose jeari
«l3i8fa» or Bussora, repaired to Bagdad, from whence lie returned to Arabia.
'Rerene b^gan to propagate bis opinions, and having attached several of tfa«
f^rhiciiMd Sfaaiks to his Interests, among othert the gove«aor of his native towi^
the stttctta of his first endeavours euconraged bim to proceed with a vigoor
tbat was quickly rewarded by the bappieak results. His autbarity became ae-
icnowledged through all El Ared, and he established bis capital at Deriycb^
If Mir Lahsa. His principal doctrines were-*
Ifit. ThiaihitnukuA9nitG%i,
|d. T^W 0(4 nfver did, and never wiU, imparf to v/ian (he gift of pr^

3d. 7%atikereareno inspired bd&is.

4Ui. Thatiiitm duty ineumbent upwaU true hejperert 0jnnin the deetruc'
4ion ofnuMpkeSy nutgni/lcent tmnbs^ ^v.

Mobatnmed, Jesus, Moees, and other prophets, they regard with high respect,
•» great and eseeUenl bmb, whose actii»ne ar« worthy of imitation ; but the
Junction of their names with ^bat of God tb^ reprobate. Sobrjety and tem-
perance are religious duties, and even the use of vegetable stimuli, coffee,
^^m, tobacco, &c. is prohtlMted among them. Countrymen of Mobanuned,
and snrRmoded by jbis aisoiples* Ibfir evince an accon^modating ppint toward
the JI|oo9liins, highly b^n^^^^i^ tn their caiise. Thuc they consider it illegal
to levy duties on the moveable property of Mobfimmed^nSy enjoin a strict oKh
•ervance of the mertU precepts of the Koraun, &c. . , ,

Abdonl Wuhab was succeeded tvf his son Mohammed, (I) according ta Nien*
buhr I but Major Waring (52) calls bim Ubdool Uzees, ^hile a French bisto-
^an,^) making no mention of the establishment of the sovereign authority iis
lift* ftokily of the fcunikr, saya thai ^n^^Sebuud, prinoet of fi power&ii Ambiaii
tribe, hnving nS»r4ed jrefiige to Abdoul VVubab during his difficulties, «nio
l>raced the opinions of bis guest, and quide tb^m .the in^w •Qf erecting a neir

Deser^ikmieVjfrtaiettom.iyp.9U. PmrU iJHetHe BiUim.

Tom to SheentM.p. \5L0,

Salaherry, Bitteme 4t VEmpire Ottomm, «mi. 3, p. 934 Porir, I81S«

J>

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5^4 Pro^ ^ress of Liberal Pnnciple in AAol.

simply observe, flhat their doctrine, \?hile it embraces a con-:
siderable portion of the Mahommedan ethics and rules of mo-
rality, and ackno'wledges the Unity of Qod as the fundamental
article of faith, appears to dissent from Islamism, and, indeed,
from every other religion, ancient and modem, in two or three
particulars which the clergy of all nations will, we arc per-
suaded, regard with the most disinterested displeasure — and
should these seclaries succeed in the overthrow of the Turkbh
power in Asia, the establishment of a religion which denies the
claims of prophets and apostles, and inspired volumes, and looks
not with the eyes of affection on mosques and richly-endowe^
benefices, and whose principles inculcate the smallest possible
reverence for the pillars of the church, may invigorate and di-
versify the exhausted and exhausting eloquence of the Mooll^
pf Christendom.

The Sikhs are^ a powerful people, the independent possessoif
of a large portioil of Upper Hinoiistaun, many of the extensive
and opulent provinces formerly subject to the MonguTs, kiSffng
been partly conquered and partly allured into the Sikh alHance
by the vast benefits held out by the Hindft inhabitants by those
•martial reformers. The countries of the Punjaub, or territories
watered by the five branches of the Indus, part of Multaun, and
nearly all the regions between the Jumna and the Sutleje,
^(their north-western frontier leaning on the limits of Afghann-
jstaun, and their south-eastern boundary reposing, at present,
on those parts of India held by the British) have thrown off the
yoke both of their Mooslim aud Brahminical tyrants, and em-
braced the liberal and stimulating tenets of this bold and adven-
turous people.

The founder of the Sikhs arose in the reign of the Afghanii
jSooltaun, Belloli. Nftnock, or Nanac, was born in the village

M I — «■ I ■— ■■ .^

empire, which he transmitted to hie desoeadaiits :— thete contradietioB? aii^
•t)ossibly adniit of heinr cleared up, by iupposmg Mohammtd Ubdoel UteczXa
iiave been the -name of Abdoul Wuhab's son and* successor, and Ebn-Sefaoud
tbcf same with Bin-Saoiid, the present soverkip»' and ^eraliaBmio of the Wo-
habees, according to Major Wariiir.(4) Be this' as it inay» the fart appears
Sufficiently esubhshed that the Wuhabee empire is firmly fijtod in Arabia ; and
the uniform success that has attended their ulterior entcrprizes against the
TqiVs, and this ease and rapidity whh which they pr*pBj^raite ttidr tettet^,
'malie it more than probable that in a very few years the whole of OttOBum
A<iia will be included witltin their boundnrieK. Thetr armies are numerous,
and better disciplined than any forces the Porte can send a^itisf tU«m ; Mecca,
Medina, (the holy cities) have fallen before them, aad-tbcir ts^ediiinai^JBio
Syria, &c. are frequent and successful. (5J

(4) 7>«r to ^AMTor, p. |S4— &. -x

[h) On the nUdect' of the ff^uhabeeg, cotuuU NiebuMr, torn. 2, f. 906—911.

SalaberryiHUt.deI/£mp,OWnn.iom.Z,p,%i[^Si^^ StvU ffatHMX. Tput

to JSheeraz, p. Hd-^Ji». * ' *

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PfOgreBs <{f Liberal Principle in AsUu SS%

of Tulwtmdy, or Rai-pout, sixty miles west of the city
pf Lahore* A strict regard for th^ principles of jufitice, acomr
mandiog, persuasive eloquence^ and unshrinking fortitude^
fitted him for the character in which he was destined to shine*
He visited most of the Indian states^ and his disciples repor};
that he penetrated into Arabia and Persia. His travels occu-
pied fifteen year$, and tfom the circumstance of lus having con-
Tcrted, during his absence from his native country, a NfooslLqi
ivho accompanied him, it is to be inferred that he drew up4iia
civil and rehgbus code, while employed in examinitig the con-
dition of other countries than his own. The death of tliis
venerable apk>stle (whom his disciples secretly believe to hav^
been an incarnation of the Deity) took place in 1539, at
l)ayrah, on the banks of the Ravee, where the anniversary 6i
their founder's decease is still celebrated by the Sikhs with
many sacred ceremonies.

The revolution effected by Nanock was, indeed, in a pjuloso-
phical and political point of view, the greatest that India ^ver
witnessed, though its immediate results were by no means in-
vested with that external splendour so captivating to those who
are more delighted with pomp than utility. He abolished tlie
worship of images, and ordained that the temples should be of
the most simple construction, and utterly devoid of ornament.
In each of these ^* houses" of worship is deposited a copy of
the Grtmth, comprising the civil and sacred ordinances of Na-
nock. The people are dffccted to address their prayers and
supplications immediately to God,. and not through the medium
of any intercessor. They are educated in the belief of one,
unassociated Governor of the Universe. The admission of
proselytes, forbidden amopg the other Hindfts, aimed a mortal
blow at the old superstition, and opening the paths of respecta-
bility and opulence to all the mferior casteSy shook to it*
foundations the ancient and troii fabric of Brahminical fraud
and despotism.*

The reformation once begun,^ continued to extend itself vi-
gorously, rapidly, and yet peaceftilly — and grew up under the
eyes, of the Brahmins and the MoBguls for two hundred years
without molestation. That the Mooslims, engaged in foreign
and civil wars, — and caring little for, and rarely interfering hi
the religious opinions and ceremonies of their Hindtl subjects-
should not observe and persecute the dissenters; is any thing
but extraordinary; but it is surfefy ejctmordmary that a class of
individuals, depending solely upon Ihe eusting system for all

* Fu^er, Journey fivm Bengtd to EngUsni, Vol. 1> p. S91>etteq.

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$6$ Prqgrm qf Uhsral Prit^k i^ Jw^.

their oonaequerice an4 privile^esi tibopld not hare i^ed th^
influence to check and crush In the beginqing tqe Innovator an4
the Innovation — and strangle in its birth a Revolution, which
though incalculably bf nencial to thp people, would irreco-
verably divest them of the sanctity, and pojver, and immuuitiesi
they had hitherto enjoyed — and obliterating t|ie magic
circle of their prerpgatlve, drag thepa forth i>^to the light, an4
exhibit them in al) the paraphejn^ia of their imposture to the
disenchanted visipn of the jpultitude*

. In the beginning of the seventeenth century the p^ogripss p(
the Sikhs attracted the observatfpn pf the Mopgul Government.
It became jealous of the increasing numbers and prosperity of
the dissenters — and whep did jealpusy in power refrain from
persecution? Har Gpvind was the si^th ruler of the Sikhs, bis
father had pefished in a Mooslin) prison, and the new chief
resolved on revenge. He attacked, and put to death, the ajgen^
of his father's misfortunes; and was, for a period, successful
j^gainst the forces sent against hiip by the Eipperor Jehanjlre,— r
at length he was overpowered.* The history of the Sikhs con-
tinues unimportant till the accession of Aurungzebe. Ii)
the reign of that mon^^ch the Sikhs bec;|une nsore widelj
aJienated from the system of Brahma, than was strictly authoT
iised by the precepts of Nanpck. Hitherto they had recourse
(to arms only so far as the law of self-defence and prcservatioa
.commanded, but the arbitrary treatment they suQered under
Aurungzebe roused a new spirit, which the murder of theif
Jlkader,. Taigh Bhahaudery by thi^ command, quickened am)
ejcasperated. Guru Govind, (i. e. the Prieit Govind) the son
of Bhahaudex, remembered how his father fell — and determinea
on retribution^ The Sikh records infojrm us that at this period
he hadaecomplished onlv his fifteenth yefu*. But he 'was active
^d resolute, accustomea to ^he ^se ot arms: and his martial
f^jenius speedily cpnvcrted the peaceful disciples of Nanock into
a nation of warriors.

This WIS the object of his whole scheme of policy — apd It was
Jthe sqIc and exact addition to the system of Nanock that wa9
Required to sweep away the la^t dyke between t^e old frame of
llinda society, apd the overwhelming waves of enthusiastip
^novation.. Prompted .at once by the spirit of revenge
jind ambition^ Guru povind (who thenceforward assumed
J^imself, and made all his followers assume the name of Singh,
figt JJm} ad(^sed himself to the inflamed and exacerbated
^Vf^i^s of bis ^ountrymeni-nhe displayed and pressed upon the^-

, * fai^terf .Vol I,. p. 238,

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Progress of Liberal Principle m Jsia. %6^

attention^ the baseness of their fortunes under the MongdK^
and lie ptosed in galh'ng revie\^ before their observation fh^
disgraceful conditions of the tenure bv whidh alone they held
iheir lands, arid lives, andproperty-i-and he shewed them by how
slender provisions the ihstitutions of their revfered founder
ivere guarded from destruction, — evei^ thln^ Valuable iii
the estimation, and dear to ttt^ heart;* of Sikhs, was at the
mercy of a proud, druel, and insolent tyrant, whose late atro^
pious outrage upob th^iA in the person of their chief, tod
plainly demonstrated the rancorotfs tii^positioh he fostered
against the Veforniers, — ^and the determination he had formed
io crush a power that alrehdy alarmed his fears — ^and the nature
of the measures to wiiidh he would resort to effect his abomi*
hable purpose. — He described the arts that would be employed
to deceive and allure — and the rigouts that would be practised
lo awe and compel;— dfsunion among the people— and hostility
between themselves and their leiaders — and cabal among the
chiefs — and bribery in its hundred shapes; — And he un-
ihedthed before their faticy the s^ord of persecution— ^nd he
called up in their mirids the terrors of desolation — and he aslcctt
Ihem how they would f^el wh^n they beheld theh: sons and
kindred weltering in their bldod, Jheir daughters writhing ib
Ihe embraces of lust and rapine, and their temples and dwellings,
and pleasant pTaces, blazing in Mohammedan fires ? — For the
aversion, he said, of these dreadfUl evils but one mean presenteil
itself — to force, force must be opposed, and the Sikhs must rely
for the preservation of their rights and their laws; on the strength
of their arms and the sharpness of their swords. He would be
their leader — his injuries, his hatred toward the stranger^-^

eve him an undeniable cl^kn to that station of glory and perii^^
ereditary chief of the nation, he trusted for support to their
free, uninfluenced approbation — the design he hsnl forteed to
raise his countrymen to ^eatness, required that every man
should become a soldier — the first duty of the citizen was the
defence of his country. — ^'That sacred service now demands tU
all — to all be the ranks of war thrown open — let the prizes of ho-
nour and wealth be accessible to each — ^Brahmins andCshatriyas.
Vaisyas, and Sudras, be ye all equals, brothet^, warriors!
Ye have been lambs in peace — be ye lions in battle. Cfovind will
be yoiir' general, and the spirit of Nanock shall Inspire yoUr
councils, *

Govind addresised an auditory prepared to receive his cath<j¥-

. tations witli an enthusiasm answerable to his o\<m. They dtaAk

the spirit of his words — they started to &rms*-«>and they

throne^ed round the standards of the illustrious youth who

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^9 Progress qf Libmxl Priutiple in Jsia*

tbu$ lordbly displayed to them the evils and disgraces of iIm*^
pffe&«A^ situation, atid so clearly poiDted out the preventive
flgajnst the long train of disastrous ills which would infallibly
^aceits march among them^ if they longer endured in slavisk
apathy the heavy and humiliating yoke of their foreign tyrants.
Ipto their hearts his words descended — and the latent fires of
independence and glory^ for which the principles of Nanock had
provided the means of accumulating access^ burst up from be-
j^^eath thc^ glowing surface of a soU which had Indeed previ*
fCHifily aiibrqed evidence of the exuberanceand inestimable value
Qf its contents^ but which yet waited the arrival of a kindred
ilame to reveal the full amount of its aggregate treasures^ and
submit the richness and purity of its ore to the action of ex-^
temal agents. That flame now made its animating visitatiao,
^sxi thefires beneath shot through the kindling strata, and melt-
ing in their passage the various compoimds of the soil into one
pure and splendid substance^ darted through a thousand issues,
0 and interchanged their heat and radiance with the heat and radi*
above : To drop the metaphor, the Sikhs, at the period when
Guru Govind roused them to arms, had become a people
amasungly diiferent from any other nation of Hindtl origin and
connexion. The system of the extraordinary personage who
first meditated and accomplished the destruction of the form of
.society iipmemorially established throughout Hinddstaun^ was
.not merely captivating An its first display, but pregnant
with such vast and evident benefits to alniost every class of in-
dividuals, but one, throughout India, that its n^id extension
. 0oul4 have been imperiled only by a clvaracter the very reverse
of that which belonged to its venerable founder. Courage and
.elpqyence are, indeed, qualities of a very, exalted order, and
-witliout those attributes he, who should set about the task qf
, Bational > reformation, would quickly learn on the scaffold
his total unfitness for the part ne had undertaken to enact : —
,but the apostle of the Sikhs was not only renowned for the un-
^daantedness of his temperament,, and the energies of a com-
monding: elocution, but distinguished, likewise, by the
.uniform sobriety of his deportment, and that inestimable pru-
deace which taught him how to secure the greatest good wit|i
. tbe^lightest danger, and to avoid risking the total failure of bis
, nobk plan by too biisty a develQ|)ement of all its parts. Hs^
he, in the onset, aimed at that complete enfranctusement of
. his countrymen which was reserved as tlie illustrious distinc-
, tk>n of a succeeding age, Uie chances of his success would have
. been incomparably diminished ; — both classes of tjTants, tlie
Mav^ls and the £rahiniu$> would have taken the alarm^ the

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Progress oflAeral Principle in Ada} ^&

tmpetQoiis reformer and his wish dfeciples must Mve flfflAi he^^
neath the first eflfeets of their awakendl df^ad-^-ahd thfc perse-!
cutors must have been more careless than is customary with*
^rrants suddenly toused by the attetapts of their victims to/
recover the rights of whi<?h they have beert robbed or de^*^
firauded, had they not taken ample precautions againit the
repetition oF such an enterprize. Nanock pursued a more sure
and effectual path to the accomplishment of his purpose. The
advantages he put the inferior clai^ses of the community in
possession of, abolished so many of the odious and deadly
restrictions to their progress in civilization and the aitaihment
ct many of the comforts, and even blessings, of lifej that the
actual enjoyment of these rendered their present conditioh too
cfelightful when compared with thrfr preceding itate, to leave
them either the leisure or incllrfattonr forribly' to enlarge* the^
circuit of thei* newly acquired priviteges : And though he hiust*
have been aware that the career (^ improvtemetot oncfe begUn,
is rarely abandoned, and that liis disrfples^,''When they should
have thoroughly digested the benefits* he half'^fdnfefred upon
them, would naturally seek to widen the sphere-bfthefr activity,.
and that to eflfectuate their entire liberation from the chains and
•ervitode imposed upon them by an artful and tyramtic priest-*
hoodj would require more bold rtnd daring measures' than it'
would have been expedient then to liave venttlred'upoh, he
could not avoid the convictten that, When the t>6riod,bf a ftir^-
thcr change should arrive, his institutions would be -sdr'^xteiti-'
sively propagated, and withal so firmly established, tlvAt the
people among whom they prevailed would » find their ttieans in
a great degree commensurate with theif desires • And that, coh-
sequently the straggle fbr complete bnfranchisement, and ac-
knowledged independence, would* be ushered in With less ain»
biguous omens, and the tritimphant issue of that ^tem coMbslt
with the oppressors ensured by the numbei*S of the sectaries,
and their lengthened experience iof the vaWe of riglrts already
acquired, and their feeling of the w6tth of those for which they
would be about to contend. The '*ffesult justified 'the calcu-*^
lations upon which we may suppose tlie legi^tfttor c^^the Sikhs
to have pr^Kseed^ in the peaceable revolution he accomplished;
In the long interval of two huddrett year§ whfcli elapsed be-
tween Nanock Shah and Guru <jb^{nd Singhykhe inst^ntes of
the first venerable patriarch had acquired'the form bf a well-
framed and well-underetood system, stipported, perhaps im-
proved, by a succession of disinterested rulers, and whfdrirt the
course of its existence had sogreatly elevated the Sikhs abcive
the common standard of Hindft soeii^^^ and rendered ttsMMh-an'^
Crit. Rkv. Vox- IL December ^ 1815. 4 0*^ •

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^if^& tp t^f iw»9 of the pQpqIatkNi S6 magaifieeiit and <
<Lttou$, thai ^lid^n Gtdvind called upon tbem to. support thoc
^«dtns by forc^ of arm^ Ihe people io^t^iUeni^oiiistj acceded to
the appeal, and ^eein^d, indeed, by the enthu^ia^m with which
tiiey eoibraced jbis suggestions, to have ioog brooded over k
I^royect, which, by one- 4cci6iYe assault, cast down and d«-%
!i^oye(^ tl)£ f^vf, rem^ipipg bairiers betwisen the humblest mem--.
ber^ of tlie comniuTiity, md. the loftiest stations 6f inAicne^
«fiidi ij^ealth^ and power* The nation assumed a mSitary. aspect
and ^i^i1)ud^---i^uad thoifgh the superior talents of their y4Xttthlti|
chief ip^ijijiain^d M"» in the cpipniand of their armieay the. de«.
terinii;)e(ii an^ l^roic splritj of Gavixid. anlEnated ever^ individaBls
4nd th^ peasfint fors^ ^ plough^-^and the mamfa^tiirer dfe-^
fi^fioj i^s loo|prv-^-^4 ^b^ ar&aA l^ft M9 ait*-Hiiid thqr waited
no)^ fipr arn^s^ hj4 r^^iffi ^nptto t|i^ field with suchwaapoas w
t^r don^ic pccvvatk^ ^pppiied them with* B«l the Moo-
gul po^ifer at this pejipd \^ att^io^d its loftiest pitchy the mmf
of Atucungzebe stfei;c)ied o^cer the whole of the tiortl^ and vvstr
tracts of thp &(>uth> of HindlMt^iu* His anoies were nnniexvaay
and, for Asiatacfy tolca^ablj^ disciplii^> and his traai^irj folL
'the fir^ attempts of the ^ikhh ih^ffSox^f unrier thecr youi^
Ij^ad^iTy tbouj^. |iyad/| wHh aU tlie artfoor -of a p«Qpl« oonsdcMis^
of i^ ju^i^a of tjieir G^MLS^ apd corroborated by the extmoedi-
lifify 8bi}|t^ of, theii; cb}e^ vrptei unaucce^s^liil | and the. vigUaat
a^v)qr^3[ ofyJ^xiX^ikgtqbe wafle itio^possiUe for them to re^^aaseri
t^m ^f^ts during t^c^ r€^ni;^i^er of his i^ign^ fiiitOB the
d|e%ti$.of4thatg;ceata[^4g^y«^<>!^«f^i'9 ^^^ sealea of foitase
^gsfl^ towa^^if. The egipiii?, ik> longev held togethes aiu|
aust^n«d 49 ^he, stropg.. hcindof the deeaasad iQoiiarQh,^ eK«^
biij>it;^. eyjdeTit. ^>kms 9/ its qp«edy decline and extindioD^
A^\^. W^ tlf^ ^'iji^.s b^ld v^ arwsr-agajtti wcte the re-i*
»our|(^^of^the ^qpguik e^ipployed f^i^ainst these undaunted, enn
^hysiast&.'^^qd o^ce, i»(x;e^ success attended, the Mooalhn
^li;^dar4^ T^ v^p^^Qtiyei vi^lors now gav^toosia to. an unrest
^\^i^gP^iP3^(^^W^^i4^4w^^^* a«dthQ;savag)e C^ mds
^Wfill te^i w^^<& pm«W§4r i^oinpdted th)e Sikhs to take reftige
\fi ^iue ifff^v^tm^ anji foir^stScof the J^unjiMAW there to wait till
s^me m^ffs f(^VQ^ble j^ctuii^ should imi^i them, to the tid-*
dJi^fttjofi pfi the^^, rJgUiip, ^ revj^n^g'. of theix wrongs. The
irr^ptionojC^^c^rS^JntpJ^jl<^ feebk-r

ni|^io Y(hi^h ^hat trpiiic^ndpp% vi$itA^on ice^tK5ed tiie Hkfongulsi
g^i;e ^ee, scope to tl%e aii[)bitio9 &Dd rescntnientof the. longr
ahuf^il3|i4 ii)tfi^ida9otafies|r-^udunginDui.. thaic; tonparuy
retre^t^, ll><y^ spread t^if o^je^ve^ over the desolated provisces*^
apd t}]^;^ ]y|oqgijls. fell:ayvay;i ^QKe thenar and the .^ar.pf theur
fortune 8k9i^i in th^^^sc^i^dmt^i and.thegc pr^imndfA fsqai

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to MiqiilM, till *ll A« ^ Ai«r «ttilBi^ '*i^tA
ei^eir tsfo thirds of tte lodian empire of tbe Mongnls:^ -

The establisbl^efat of the AfgbaiiB sway, oh th^ deilth ^
Modur» brom^htthe SikliS in odbtuct with the Doofamee pow^r ;
Ahmed Sfhrnh, thki kv$kdex of Ihe Cbillml inbhi^diy^ waJi i
pfUiee of genias-^and v^igoiir— ^dd reSc^lOtioti ;^th& iii thti
dhbck of the riv«l stales, t^ Wm the destitiy df tile SfiUKb 16 siic-
ciilnbfor atiriie beneath their f6rit)idab)^ advei^aWj hiit tlit
M&n app^ui lo lJa«« li^m^^ entire liiid <idi;m>ti&l'y ; td
biive jpr^senred ita laws mi HbeMes j—Yhj^ ids^tibnV df
Msnoeic and Govind* se^m t6 bftte bee A fc^M with M^-
Unai Slte«gdi> and to r^ie litkrft «(>t^ e(x!t^Me<d ahd'dtirabl^
faoea than hod bedn hithertb pmvid^; and t^e'd^^lineef th6
BUr^naaise iikmrnehj^-^Md the iiWil cotafeufti^ in- ^ck th^
A^Uauas iirci involfed, render it efictbmf^lv pfott^e t]^^*f tmTte^
tbe hifluedocf of tlie Sikhs 1k» rfevolutiob be^an by Nan^blc bd4^
idaancad bjr G«Vind» Mtm direct its victorious ttf^cfi eastward^
9nd mnrthmird, and sontWard^ through the re^ons at Hfn^
dftsten, and extend the sfasdow^ ib iAnp dver thi enlighi-
ei^ed airi asnirin| miHions of thattot)^ aM variously »oppf^9$ed
dhrision of tne onental wortd.t

To the talents and dilig^n^e of the holkdnrable atitW» whose
vcdume on the Afghauns is now bef<^ |is^ we stand indebted
for a verj full ahd. intelligent accoiftit of that inC^estip^
people^-^formiog the tAsi\i. .Viatic nation^ ampif)^ whom we dis-^
eem oonsideraUe proofs of a^i ameliorated stat6 of sodety^, and
a practical consciousness of the vi^ne of liberty,' at l^t equal

i II — , — • — '. '.'"i •' ■ ".

• The prfadple of eqiiiintv is the comiir-sfonte Jf tbe SHcU Qoiistittttido, s«
it slaodft at presont. > Tlie chausii produced by Na&ork liniiUd ritself to re-
ligious mut^iou. Gov|iid was the author of toe, p^litiqal anjl mi^tarj revo-.
lutioD ; he 16 recorded to have said/* that ' the foiir Itnbe^ of UindCtSf tbe
BttihiiAea, Cshalhya, Vaisyit, aikl'Sijdra,Kroa)dlik'e/»(i (Jbetle-hafl, ,c&unAm
(|i|ile}» ft^ri (bitter init)».sndjAWj(cerniJa^(mica)« become all 6f oue coldur
when wc)l chewed. jVH ^ho subscribed to hi% tenets were ti^'ou a fevelj aVid
the Brahiheii whd entered hfs sect haci no higher clainii toemipenoe thauthe
k>wd^9lidtbwM^swcpibi« house.*' (l)-^< lb travcUiAg through tlie SiriugJ
ua^f^coUP^ our pi^rty vM jdiu^dJbjr a Sicqae hane0Uin> aiia bemg ^esiroui
of procuring his acqi^uaintai^cey I studiausly ofleradlijiip the various ^ttentioiir
wntdf *ni«ri bbAeWe.to tbos^ tbey court. But th&Siaiue received my adv«uce^
with a fixedViiaasiis givuifC tut, bpirever, no iuoivlHual cause of oifence^ fo^
bis deportment to (he other pas^qgers was uo^ Ji^s ppnt^mptiioiift . His aaswery
wbea I asked him the name of his chi^f, was wholly couforro^ble to the ohser^
tsfiOiM t hted inads of bis nation. H% toM me fib a t&ne of tolc^, and wiOi an
mfasaion ^f oouot^ance whkh aeem«d'.to tevoU at the idea 6f seipvitttde) that
he disdaiued an earthly superior, and acknowledged no other master tlum hit
prophet." g) ;j. .

* t i\>rMrterlllformatloabatheftkh«,corisafer^mef•tVfe^r^»m
AlaloDlm'ft Sketch.

3

l^ Sh-JoTiHMaicotm'M Sketch if t%e'SikM9.

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f ?? Pr<fgrets <^ L^pl Piineipte in Jgia^

^ that of maDy European nation^. . Dmuig the goTemnieai
of Lord Minto, and by the direction of that distiDguisk*
ed person, Mr. Elpbinstone was charged with a miswon to
the court of Caubiil. Political ipptives, a^sing irom the pos^
sible invasion of India by Napoleon, and the alliance ealeied
into between France and Persia, and the known endeavours of
the Imperial Govemoient to effect a good understanding- with
flie states of VVestem Asia, would appear to have been the
(Causes of this embassy, the preparations for which were made
at Delhi with a m^gnUicence extraordinary even in the £ast.
It was intended] to impress the Dooraunee monarch and
his court with fin extreme admiration of British wealth au)4
power* The expectations of the deputing parties^ how-
ever^ we should suppose, from the .dazzlipg splendour that
surrounded the person of the Afghaun sovereign^ and thf
ambassador's observation of tlie general costliness of domestic
economy among the nobles at reshawer;^ (the second city oi
Caul^ul^ and that in which Mr. Elpbinstone received audiencie
of his maiesty) must have been disappointed very consideiahly*.
Mr. Elpbinstone ba^ diyi4e4 bis work into two paints — the
first arid shortest embracing the relatiqn of his jpurncy to
and irom Peshaw.er, beyond which city the distracted state of the
country prevented liim from ]:>rQceeding ; the secofvd and most
valuable, containing a regular, admirably digested, and
minute account of the geography, . productions, animals, &c»
of Caubul ; the inhabitants^ their dispositions, manner^ at-
tainmeixts, &c. ; the tribes composing the population; the
dependant provinces ; and lastly, the royal government. Five
appcndlcp^are added; the Jb-st-^— a. history of the Dooraunee
monarchy, from the foundation by Ahmed Shauh to Shauh
Shuja, the sovereign in possession when the English envoy
arrived at Peshawer^ — the second, a nanrative of a journey into
Caubul by one Mr. Durie, a native of Bengal, written at Mr.
EJphinstone's request; the tJiird — an account of regions bor-
deririg on the Afghaun dominions ; the fourth — an extract
from Lieut. Macartney's geographical memoir on Caubul ; the
Jifth, a vocabulary of the Pushtoo language, the general idioni
of AfghaunisUiun, and apparently distinct from any other
spoken in India. Such is the general list of the contents of
Mr.^ Elphinstohe's valuable and interesting work; hut
to impart to . the reader any thing like an adequate idea of
its great merits, the mass of information of almost every de-
scription which it includes^ the correctness and clearness of its
arrangement, the sound and discriminating judgement
so conspicuous throughout the volume : the masterly man-
ner, in brief, in which the author has managed a subject at

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Progress ofUberal Principles in Asia. SJS •

fOkteso extensive and complex, and the exemplary modesty
jv4itch renders him so anxioui^ that' his excellent qualities anft
attfl^ments i&ay not be' over *^rated^ would require more spao0.
than our limits can possibly allow; for satisfaction on all these
important particulars, we must refer to the work itself. We
shaH conclade this article by condensing so much of Mr«
Slphinstone^s matter as seems sufficient for the establishipeat
of our general proposition — that the progress of liberal prinT.
.<»(Ae in Asla'is neither dubious nor dilatory.

A%baunidtaun contains within a loosely-calculated circuit of
two thousand miles^ more or less, a population of fourteen
miHions.- ,,

The name and importance of the Afghauns appear very conspi-r
^ouslyin the* early periods of the modern histcfry of HindAstauiu
The territories inhabited by that brave and rising people extenii
in the form of an imperfect circle, the western section of whicU
is composed of some of the eastern provinces of Persia, the.
oriental including the conquered parts of Hind^staun, and the
northem stretching'ov«r the snowy peaks of HindCt Kosh,. (or
Caucasus) into the' regions of Tartary • A line carried from tiie
southern to the northem limits, and again to the western con-r
fines from the eastern boundaries, m^y be conceived as the.

¥ metal diameter of a circumference of two thousand miles*
he ranges of Hindi! Kbsh proceed in irregular lines from the
north through nearly the whole of this tract. The countiy u
divided between mountain and valley, though many plains of
considerable extent (among which those of Caubul and Pesh-
awer are pre-eminently fertile arid beautiful) intervene between
the arms of Caucasus, and afford space and pasture to the wan-
dering tribes. The Sind and its branches are Ihe principal
streams; but innumerable rivulets, formed by the melting of
the snows in the superior cavities of HindCl Kosh, amply suffice
for the purposes of irrigation in those parts of the country that
are deficient in great rivers. Caubul, Peshawer, Ghaznah,
Candahar,' and Heraut, are the principal cities ; and if the po-
pulation of Peshawer be' taken as the criterion of the number
of inhabitants in the other towns, we shall find that about.
1 -28th of the whole population of * Afghaunistaun is accus-
tomed to the ' more refined manners of cities immemorially
celebrated as seats of Asiatic 'politeness and science. The
climate is healthy, and by no means subject to the depressing
and overpowering heats of the Indian heavens ; but the mon-
soons rage with awful violence, and during the periods of their
stay^ the sheety rains - and the raving winds transcend the
wildest storms of European countries. The produ<!tions of

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§74 P^HigrM itf iJH^MPfkk^i

hMihmmfhmt»9b(MtAmmi flaUkMi in the geiienA^ dAmU
and tompewle atmosiilierb. o£ Cmtbtil.

iUghabiustaiiii kai sees the rise in lidr h9aem of tiie ifeMfil
fwneffttl MoMlun states. Te HiihIIMmmi ake hiitf se«t h^
cotonies of conqatMrs^aiid kings^^ and trnt for 4ie owptinf
ttMifth and fovtwe of 4ie dcMendftMr of Timtalv Ae^we-
acttt ah^dcm •fait tmpetot miglift have been lui AfghaMt^ iif^
ataad df a MongiiL On the west they Have inmbed dmr vie^
loRoas arms into baiM, and the t%p«ABioA of CM Sdtes waa ika
iN)ik of aa Af^mm moujitekieM, ia whoae fiamelha KhMAa
leaoiiDded in- the imwjids of lepahaim— 4k1I^ • liliasei dfnaaif
gave way only to that mighty chiefs who, from the haibitii
abseiiii^ bufat forth iattf gitatdess aaAnwiewit ■ 'andhoMrftfie
4iadeB».otf Petsia-oa the bfow»of ahcia- aad soMr-MI aAa
ihe tidinga^ bis c(&[lk>ttS5» asdiealledilp the ten/km^ af Ih4^
Baal Ibv tbeaafiieof iVodir'.' Fa«vioiidy> haMwier> 1x> the mpt
finraaeeiftd teigaof Ahnaed Shaah^ dieAfghatoa^ tbea^
tbusi pewerf4illy int^rferiog in the cooeefas oP atac^ihjac^t
stales, and held to be formidable oeigliboors *by the jaestrpdIaBt
aovieia^sof Persia bs^ Hind^isttttitt and TaMatyt hid mof^^per*^
naoctttlf establiatied iheir deiaiiitdft oym the le^^tvoow-eMB*'
piriieaded irithin the boimdari^of Caabiii. The feim^ thcl^
socbt^> imromabble to tlie aehievewwiat of ianigti tSsiii4«eal%
was wbdiy hostile to tlie eStaMishtneat^at hoifte of »gieat aarir
WeU-settled empire. The^ divirion of the iwlioi^ bldtiibaas
Wtiveen who» the beads of friecfdshiff andaltiaaee^wavi seNoib
staany, «v fbr any conaidcvaMe tiixie fasti>igy<i0iAgrt4hife a^
laeliusi of the ^ns and tlieif chiefs to the> pwAiliar intevestr of
tbeir ovra purtkukur ootfiRMinkies ':-<>eitB dtsaenskiliii^ woiddy «cif
eoiflae^ liequeBtly oefeur betmreeti soicielies) Whoae viaws att4
aatei^rizes mostso often c4asfo«-^4ikid' the weakci* pButf jaflkKnn
W the stroogjer, vented its reaentaEieBt oo> and jltottimdi a
settk»cftt in> the* territories of its Use mliftial oeighhMfa^
Hbeauthority of theit* chiefs i]S)%hlf>depend, p» same naeatave,.
Oft their personal ehalaetarj but' their, kgiliiiiate* power wa4
ao»&ned within vefy nita-ow limits. As'the- adaiftiiitratoBaof
jjsatice, . they wei^e the ooastttatioiial' depilsitatiesof the laar^^
aad^dispensers of reWaadd and- piHiishiilerits>»riii^ disptaaa
aiMi|^<oetweenHMnhersof thecdniflA^ i^wulpamiliad^
matfi It was ahnast iosperative upoil ihdn, : to interit»oaa4bair
xaspeeiahike influeneeji Had eodeavaur> to assnage thi aaiaaosilg|i
of* the GonteiMling pcoti^svaad pt«^enl>-fay!»Dioable^oara|i|»f^
■Siee> the fiereeness of tfa« quasfel fnHn< di^neifatia^ iatww
UHey aad long-lived and iBCttiable^fead*' But when aa^pla^
oaeatorifiae teuohistg thatatevesta of thettibe'^v)avg!e^'«ltil«

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to«MCQte whidi th^ eflbfts i»d Totoupecs of Ae eommiii{(y
would be'requiited, was in agitatiott, tke cbief was tuider IIm
whoieaMne asd imdispeosible aeoetoity <rf convening tiie hmmi** .
huB ot ^heidai^'axid taikiiig the scncseof a genend eowcil mi
liia MpcdiOBCf of tbe iHieature m defiberat^

fioeb was the donMstte pD% of ih« Afghannar tilt the deallr
«< N^db&kMih. Tbe «tt«im«tk^ of tbat 6xtnmd(amr fo-^ .
taitate fave WrA to ,ao ofder of tfaiegs isoiiaidarabljr diffcraMr
The «iYil wars thatoonvniacd Peraia on the dcaafae of her late
mmareb wovM »ot pcrmk the eaadidateft for-ihathtoac to-st^
taMi todw^seoiiriftjpof tke distant depeodendes of' the Mipife^
Tha Khaan of tbe DooraunceS) the mo&t iDfittmua of the
A%hauii tiih^, ivaa foimg, and brave, and ambitioiwj he
aa|Wed io* £pee fai^ eonifalriota from the yoke of foieigiien!^
wbA the ravranl he pcopoaed le hieaoelf was thesoveieigiily ef
Ifiia oeinitlry. Those glotious aeenes on which the eyes of am^
UtioD del^l to dv(«llj floated before t}ie vision of the darfn]^
and mdaizelad ^ptrant. His vigoKMiS' and undaiiimted' nuM
CDUlanipiated the peifls ef the entavpiiee — and despised themv
HiasagJMity indieatad tbe bmmsuws proper to aeconvpHsh Ina
ob}eet^N4ysd he embraeed them. The hatred of the A%haaMr
against thePeruana waa pc^ealaiid r^giuns;-— as tiieir op>
pieaaca% they detested t))en»-— they abhorred them es seMs^
naalie. Thia dispoalten the Mhaun rendered the levter of hhr
4esigna. By hit deeds of arms he drew upon hhnself the
obaarvatioift aBd-appiaiiise of bis • countryinen ; — hie victoriesi
ganed at the head«f bis tribe, over the bte coaqnerors and
loads o£ Afghaunisteney esciled their grateAil enthusiam; the
apisit'of an aveagfur seemed enshrined in the frame ef Ahmed,
ajMLst'ieontied but slight persnasion to induce the people and
their leaders to .choose a hero for their kmg.

The dsKrerer^ of hjs ooiuitry was the first monarch of*
Caninil ^t but thoae who shoaid infer from the estabHshtnent ef
a. regal i^emineat, that the A%hauns dropped at once from
thohei^ta of independence to the* depths ef slavery; thaft
havhig enjeyed for centuries the Kberty^-^-eomewhat licen^
ti0asi^-«end' the mannersj-'-eomewhat rude^-^-of a tttrbolent.
bat higk-sDuied peeple^^-^theywere saddenly metamorphoseil
bp»the spidls and ineimtations and mighty magic of royidtyy
iate Iha p<rv8e'vaasaia of an everl^earing despotism*, would be^
indead^ wonderfeUy deceived^ The spirit of independewetf
inherent in that noble and firm-^minded people^ and wMeh
their martial habits, and domestic manners, and laws, and
cuatXNns, all power^Uy ccmtribnted to foster and nourish, was
af «)east equal; to the grateful admiration they entertained oi the

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$79 Progress qf tJbertd Pnnc^le in And.

merits of Ahitied. Raised to a throne by a nation to whont
the name of king was a .strange word, that politic sovereigii
was too wise to imitate .the system of tyranny and spoIiatioD ao
generally in vogue with Oriei^tal princes* A revenue sufficieni
for the expenses qi the state, and its punctual payment,-— the
appointment of magistrates, — the establishment of a patiogial
army, — the choice of viceroys and governors of pioviiH9ev--4h6
aeiection of ministers, — and, in general, the disposal of all ste*
tions of trust and honour in the goveninient of the kingdcMD^-^
these appear to form the principal featiues and privileges of the
monarchy as founded by Ahmc^. But all these provisioi» Ibr
the moderate power and dignity of the prince were «iot vaSmtA
to lead to any undue encroaebipent on the rights, well uncles
stood and strictly guarded, of the people. The dam slSl^esB^
tinue to enjoy their distinct and sq)arate systems of govenuiMBat
and jurisprudence. ' The Khauns of the tribes «re occamttaU^,
it may be, appointed by the king — ^but this, when it oeousy is
an affiiir that requires considemble delicacy.; and he^ wiiom the
voice of the clan pronounces to be best adapted to t^ oiimy^
the person on whom it will be most prudoit in the 80^faf«igB to
confer it. All affairs of general interest and impottaBce- aie
still discussed in open jeerga, or council, and decided upon fcf
a noajority. No acts of summary punishment or capiicidBa
cruelty, either in the monarch or the heads of tribes^ aie au-
thorised, or can be committed with safety. The KhauiiB ue,
indeed, rather considered in the capacity of magi^tn^cs, .than
regarded as political rulers. Literature is cultivated and en-
couraged ; some even of the abstruser branches of science are
beginning to be enquired into and known, and the condttioii of
the softer sex is much superior to what is observed in other
parts of Asia. The recent and existing distractions of the state
have not, Mr. Elphinstone tells, stopped the career of im-
provement. Works of public convenience and utility aie ac-
tively proceeding. The Afghauns, like the Sikhs, are tapiddy
ascending, we imagine, the. steps of civilization. The present
tumults will, we trust, terminate in ihe-electionio iht ifanMie
of same new Ahmed, who will collect and consolidate the
scattered and fluctuating energies of A%haunistatHi, aad^'HiMi
a resolved heart and a vigorous arm, give themia<lirectiott:aga-
spicious to the prosperity and grandeur of bis people, an
down his name to posterity embalmed in the tears saaA m
tion of Ills country. mr

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{ iff ^> *

ART*.)i^.--Tl4ir/^-if«^r' Sermon^, on.th^ ptq^ inUrutkig lh^r^<ji
* * the Gi^et, by tlia( emiupntlu gnat 'Viv'me and.^Hefgrw^f ^J^Kjif
'" t«UTUER: to which are ^^rejwecl^ Memoirs of his Life, bij Philip Me^
! lancthofi; sorue Account of his Conhroversy with Erasmus, and a
'*■' Vctrkiy bfAtdm'and tlrcumiances kehich exhibit his manly Disinf^'^
^ €9te(h€^s ojM exallM^lkneboUnce. 8vo. Pp. 583!/ Gal^ aUA

the establfsiier, the signal energy and perseveniluMi whiol^ ht
disfitjmi i»lt».fari»ilf» Us takhts, hili piely, W inlve|i|t%fliis
iMh.lKi(|i0tbtf wilhi.ths vastbtiiefittf wUch have tfcsuited fMHa
hk anettions, emabifie lo itamp,faia namtt irithaivimpeifi^baUe
flviwvniy and to sacuro to ik the TeaefatkNi ot e?««y anriigtiteneA
mni^iakkkg age. Bom in an ohaouKe eoadition^ aai^ ad^eted
to tlba pirevaili^^ bigotr)i of the tMoes, stinroundad wkk all the
iaerative^ to intalli^ttial prostration whiolr th& arta or ignoranee
<»f aivionastorf.aauld furniBh,. Lather had to enootniterevepf
apecatti^f inpedaaitet, a^d thcnoat fomidai^ei' ikelMiiise the
molt superatilioua^ oi.idl pr^judKea. The \9aff afvd ijhse^Usm
diaeipiine irfitko raiigiaus inathutioHs^ the inherent tendency of
vbioh^wiaa toinqthdff^ the iniad i'nun inqvncy, presented sertoos
lUaeounigciBCttilo the mere eicpoaunaof spirttnal abuse, and to
l^e inert) «aj^^tkiiii of spiritual refaffOii^ The uaoipation of the
Chufch^ caiftbfaung erery thing odlons* in prineipie with every
thing 'fiightM ia tyfaanyy iMd arrived* at a poxvar ao enormoua),
Iwaa aiqpfMtfled by inftueaee ao eKtensiive, and fbrnied of mate-^
feiak ao dostly knit togsthev, as to apparently pwcludo the ]>os*
BibiUt)^4^' aueeea^fally.atteinpting any i«tiov»tion» of safely op*
yoaing ita awa^^ or ai indvlgiMg. any well^gyounded hc^,
4bat«h^ who. should undertake either toquestion its doctrine or
^ial. Jia aritlMril^^wouid meet with aiailiarteB sufficiently nu-
merous to afford encouragement, or find- himself sectire against
apridy iind anriniiHnj; nnntr)Trdnni But this illustrious nian^
Mdosnail 4a a maak e&traaadinary degree widi aagaeity, bokl«
Haaiv tknd anoHetjifar thedifiusian of tnith, commenced and
aaoidiidad kia oaieer, iinappalkd by diiiieiilties, unshidEen hj
dMiUBKsatloQsi. Thmnpsng off the abasing yoke whieh h^kurt
fistteaedjiabd pUBSflribed the- operations of his fniod^ and deter-^'
mited t^ ibiiih;ftr Umsolf, (a piMiegeto wMeh in tiiat age of
■aaateittathaahnentiittry fewidai^ aspiia) he detected the groaa
mmaok and jniiatdpate. ftaads Which ptlestcmft had interiromi
witth the ^eouiha eanons of ChfisUanity. The iiy>i»ent of de^
toetioa was the BUMpeat of aotion. Fresh scrutiny begat fresh
koflli%f>aRHi^ii%1pB^ Ao ymgMXfM^ ol that poM^er wMdl
^ CiLiT. Rev. Vol. U. Deceni6er> 1815. 4 D

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978 UarimilMlher's^ernumi^

awed the mighUest potentates into subjection, reckless of pet^
8onal dangers and sacrifices, he pursued with incessant ardoot
the great object he resolved to attain, and achieved a Refonnar'
tion, which, whether it be regarded in its important effects cm
religiot), or in its salutary operation on the civil conditioa of
mankind, must ever be held up as a moDumeiit of gloxy to ito
author, as a memorable instance of what may be oonqufised bgr
individual and unassisted effort, and as the grand event to
which we most trace the mor&i and iatellecteal pro^nea of
modem society*

The predominant qualities of Luther's character appear ta
have been-^in vincible constancy to bis opinions, and immitigable
dimity towards his adversaries* Distinf^uished as viperc hia
wisdom and penetration, his piety, and \m virtue; these wem
the master.attributes of his soul. From the moment wfaidi
gave birth to his new faith, to that in which be resigned Ua
earthly existence, not only did they never desert him, but ii»*
intermittedly preserved their ascendancy* Every artifice of hy«
pocritical lenity, every menace of bigotted fury, every remon«*
•trance, every violence, was spent upon him in vain* Thia
was the great source of his triumph. Purity of doctrine and
excellence of mind, would of themselves have proved fruittess.
The gigantic power of die Rombh Chuidi was erected upon
too solid a basis to be shakea by such agents. Rd^f tag on the
implicit reverence universally paid to its pretended mf^bility^
" and fortified, in addition to its own strength, by the united
temporal authority of all Chrbtendom, that tremendoua and
baneful dominion was to be humbled only by the stemeat and
most inflexible opposition. To crave its indulgence, to tem-»

E>rise with its imposture, would alike have been fatal t9
uther. His attack was, therefore, bold, diraet, and perti4
nacious; never allowing himself to be tumtd aside either by
subtility or intimidation.

This spirit of intrepidity he exempiifed: in his wri<inga no
less than in his actions. In an efMstle. adteased to Leo tka
Tefith, he thus expressed hioMelf : '^ I havtt restsled^ and ahalt
Continue to resist^ what is ddled.the Court lof.Rome as long^aa
the spirit of faith shalilive iu me. Neithei your«holinc8B^'no9
any one will deny that it ia mase corn^ 'tmkB^byknor So^
ilom, and sunk,' as far asl undersyiaud^ inthemast'defildaay^
desperate, and avowed impiety. I lament' tbttmMlerUie.aaact^
tion of your name, and under the- pnetext.'i^ the^good of tiia
Church, the people of jChrist should be made a. laughing slock;
Not that I attempt impossibilities^ ot^eifeetthat the ende»*
trours o( an iipudividu^ can ai^complish aDy.lUkigjin.opp«silion

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Martin Luther^s Semani., <7f ,

t5'«o many flaftet^rs in thatBfebylon replete with confusion.
But I consider myself as a debtor to my fellow men, for whose
trclfare it behoves me to be solicitous, so that those pests of
Rom^ may destroy a smaller number, and in a more humane
ttiann^. During many years nothing has been poured on the
World but monfi^rs both in body and mind, along with tho
worst examples of all wont actions. It i^ clear as day that the
Church of Rome, in former ttges the most holy of churches, has
iu»w become a Aen of robbers, a scene of prostitution, the king**
dbm of sin, death, and hell, so that greater wickedness is not
^ t^ be conceived even under AntJchrfst himself."
♦ But the most eminent instance of his courageous zeal is to
lie found in the promptitude and vigour ^vith which he acted^
<m the promulgation of the papal bull issued in consequence of
this letter. Contemning the maledictions thundered forth m
that document, and placing himself at once upon a delMing
equality with the Sovereign Pontiff^ he exclaimed, "The cKe is
cast, and I despise equally tlie fury and favour of Rome. Ne-
i^er will I be redonciied or connected with them. Let them
condemn and burn my boqks-^I, in my turn, so long as I can
procure fire, will condemn and 'b6ni publicly the whole pon-
tifical code." This promise he«*,ftiWil!ed. He publicly and
formally bunied 'Gratian*s Abriflgment of the Canon Law,
together wfth some others, and the buH of Leo, in the presenee
of H vast concourse of spectators.

Never shrinking from the great tasTc he had undertaken, he not
<mly assailed the eitadd of Catholicism itself, but attacked the
Biinor batteries which rose upin dusters in its defence. His vigi-
lance and his activity never slept. Though beset by numerous and
E^weriiil enemies^ his fortitude kept pace with every difficulty,
id the couneJls of the Church summon him before them to
compel the recantation of his opinions^-^he openly questioned
their jurisdiction, and rejected tneir demands, even with con-
tumely. Bid an e^clesiastie, or suborned layman, publish '%
work, either in answer to or reflecting on any one of his disqui-
sitions-^immediately he produced a reply which, blending iro;iy
wth argument, inflicted a wound at once severe and subduing^
Under the pressure of the mighty power he stood .opposed to^
the phalanx of interest set in motion against him, the perils and
embarrassments he had to contend withj an inferior spirit must
have sunk. * But it was the tr^nscendant and characteristic
featuBre of Luther's mind to riste ia proportion to the magnitude
of the danger, and on all ^oea^ioos to display an energy corres-
poadbg with the vebcmeney of the attack.
< Tke jmsent oailectim of sermoas^ delivered in the craiae o^

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5Mi Murtm iaUber^^ Senmms

a long ond aidttouB iMui^tary^ ve hail "with mourn 4
applause springing from the twoibld feeling of outi$cuKi9iies»
of their intrinsic excellence, and vcneratioo for the character of
their author. The merit which they roost eonspicuousi j pos-
sess^ consists in a compressed but comprehensive view of the,
lQa()ing doctrines of the gospel, incorp^tf^ted with ^nligiitened
pf^cept and sound practical iostmctkHi. This was the neces-
sary result pf the plajp of theological ^itudy adopted by JU&ther.
Deriding the formuliB of conviQcatioos 4uul i^ooikf and ««ii|saag:
to enlist under the banners of dograutical sct>ei»liBeii», he tooll.
as his only guide the sacred, yoluaie itself. He made that 4he-
fpundotion of his faith> theiyell-spriiig ef hia ^onaolatioD, of his
hope, and of his strength. The system he found there so <^eartf
developed was nearest his heart, and became integrated with
himself. Hence, in his discourses he never strayed fVom scrip*
tural authority; lie never v^tured upon hypothesis. But re*
Iving wholly oiu the authentic revelations of the Divioe WiU^
the only tru^ and aYailii^ souix^e qf spiritual ItnowIedgCj he
strovf^ to embody and set f^rth their principles nnaJloyed with
th^ suggestioos of bum^goL ifeasan.

In Ids elqqueace^ iiatl^i; iif;|s|dain and unomwiealed; en-
deavouring, rather to piesept a.0lear and inteUigiUe expoaitiaft
of his subject, than to array it in the attractive drasaof rbetp^
lical figure and declamatBoow The theme, and the theme aloae,
vrtLs the great object on which he was intent; and, under the
]ust impression that thai ought to €^;i\grcvis the full atieatM^t of
[lis auditors, as it did in trutfi his own> he was little Siolicitoiia
to fascinate the ear either by tbe melody of a cadence^ qr the
roundness of a period. ,. . ,

. The follpwlK^g passages wIU{SMf]gpiwtly eripoe Ike pr<^>riet|e
of these remarks, Th^y are qitractod from the senuoo ea-r
titled ^^ The Sum of a.ChrxsliAn Liife/' f^nss of the me^t eW»On
rate as well as most aUe of .4¥s, literary perfQiMM>oes« A6m
descanting pretty largely tipf»p bis iiavouiite teuet— salvation
by faith in Christ— he sjy^Sj-A^ ■

'^ Now the Iaw (as it huili been sufficiently declared) requireth
strch a heart as hatii a good conscience be'fore God. How therer
jbre do 'we obtain sncli a conscience ? This is the question and the
tBXtb^, whereof the cotitrover^v i^. Trtrty it comctli "not hereof,
b^tttise thoa teaehc»t the JutlgtMtftttt-seat, thaft is, thf lafw, but
ftem bt-noe, for that -we ^«te h ^ilrearti iin*feicf«?d fiiirti, ^vWHl
ktyeth hold of Christ, ia w^liotii It VDost faHy oWtneth all <lhiwgA
whidL the law requYr^th. 8o ^ length all tiiitiga am Woagte to
pass in me, having^ a p9oA ooaslHeiMe* iiwMiuah m k wm mam
MMie i^t^MBXifi M juslifiedt ;bf#9te O^ JNr '*9iikmifjk -tfiaa

1'
h

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Jjwfc'n lMik»*9 S&rmmMi ■ ISf

iiy things WMyei &und wanting in mei ^t &e •iaAdHh on wf
uife, who bath 00 much righieouso^w as wterewith he is abie tm
9U|iply both mioe and all uen's defects. Thus we shew the way
whereby we are luade righteous before God, when as they, wh<r»
tbey t^ach best of all, shew only the way to attain to honesty ^^
and righteousness, which is of force and value before men, con-
liftiidSiig that it ought to be of ^rce befonce Ood also, niinglini^
toother all things in one, inasmuch as they hare no certain'
Icjiowiedge thereof^ understanding not what they say or whaf
they aifirm. Foi* «o what end tentteth this thy itninoderate cry>
' Ho that Witt enter into life, let htm kc«|p the coaimandmeata/
&a4 in «^ioh vwtiis thou ,shalt not shew the way 4o attain H^hte*
ottiiieiiSj for Ueacend a little into thyself, and examrne thyself
4iUgM^iy, then shalt thou find thyself to have been in time pa«l
OQDceived and born in «ihs, and to Uve in the save now, and not
able to perform ihat which tlie law requireth.

'* Why therefore doth thou seduce others with vain words, say-
ings be thou righteous, and thou sbalt be sived, which is to no
purpose, neither foUonveth there any ftniit thereof, the way heXr^
noi shewed by which we attaSn to JNostifleation > I hear the wonb
trelU whak things the law nequireth, but hew shall we attain unto
ability to* tfttdMi Iham I Thqn speaketh thou to me again, and
M|jett, thoa -nawt do ^aod w^k^ks. But ^ how shalt I stand be*
teetbejyilgmetit of God^ if I have looig and much wrought goo4
w«rka, and am righteous 'befose oaeo, as thou teachesit me I How
shall i be oectaiui thai 1 sfcem such a oae to God also ! For her6
nyhearib and couf cittnce ^re reiidy to witness the contrary against
me. Howbeit 1 should have been thus taught of thee, as St.
Paul oiwiflM^dy teacheih, that rig1itec>U6i»es6 must proceed from
fiuAh unfeigned, and hefoiie all things the mercy-seat must be laid
hold of* from whenoeaH things that ore wanting ia us are to be
tflked. Aad $0 indned these wonds, kee^ the eomniandiiients of
CM,':are Tightly to be vmlctstood. Korthekw requirethper-^
ted 'tighteottsness in ^es, hebig of fbroe a9 well before Ood as
hofsiN{<nf^( thou iMKviiigobtamcd this, go forth iwto the t&Kifvtiff
aadi assemUy of oien, and laxeroiae love, «aMl do ^;«od wofks.

f^'By thib oi«i«ff «od maanB,saM(ething is hrought to pass, and
such sayiAgs of the scrifrture are fulfilled. For so ssan dotii than
whkh the kiw requireth, first, before God, not by his own strength
•f .v<f tuoi}, but faiyChffist without whom we •can do nothing hefoi«
Uod ."nnd secondly, by his own endfeavour h6^>remen, aud he ia
now fMNrfootly nighteous, inwardly by faith in Christ, and out^
wandly.tilao by his works, yet so ihiiit theve is no place aiHong mes
fen. mutual -pardo-aia^ of «»feooes. Therefbve the rigfa^sfAisnesi
oiChfiMiaaBidoth much nore consist in forgiviiAg, than 4n ttieit
•4<r» tir<ffks. Those vain yaatars 4o pervert the order of' thi^
CodruMW «n<l iWithoat freaMohuig .of foi^giveness, -do teach that
works only are to be urged. Lo, thus St. Paul reprehendeth
thai«n*r AhdagwianDa i»£ihena wb&di sfedk auidh of tha law.

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982 Mcfftin Ltdher's Sermma.

mnd repeat it in diaily sennon3, and yet tbey themselrefe do -vflt
understand to shew the way^ how the law must be iwlliUiedy
knowing toothing so well as to babble forth and often to r&peat
^hese words, that the law, the commandments are to be kept, if
^ou will be saved, good works must be done, &c. As tbey dm
at this day, fill all books with such confusion of words, and in ail
sermons uttering nothing else, than such vain babbling, which
they themselves understand not. But they never say a word ^
l^ose things, whereof St. Paul here speaketh, namely, of the sam
«f Christian doctrine, how love must flow out of ' a pure heart, &
good conscience, and fakh imfelgned,' they say no more, but * keep
tlWiCommandments.' They levelling at the true mark do never kit
It f therefore they corrupt and Ailsify all things, love, the heart,
ike ronscience, Slc. For the head of the fountain is wnRtiag-,
that is, sincere foith, which if it be not rig^t and sound, all things
must needs be corrupt, which shall flow and proceed from it.
And whatsoever they teach, it is a coneeitof their own imagination,
and like to delusions, not unlike also to those things, that are see*
through a lattice or gltes, which resemble th6 colour of the cle^
l^ass^ aad yet ind^ are not of that colour. They think that
God will regard them,, when they live so before men, as itseemetk
ipuod jM> their obscure opi|iMin 9 but ifiGod • wore ^ that ophiioi»y'
he might then have, well kept still Christ «Bd th« gMpd; fbr what
^ed or necessity should move him, to send^ Christ from heaveo^
"who should purchase that unto us with his precious blood, which
we ourselves have before with us? He surely should be the
loolishest of all men, which would pour forth a precious treajsure^
ivhich no man needeth.

'< Thus thou seest how these men teach their own dreams,
whereof they themselves know or have tried no certainty, neither
do any thing else but £tl men with errors, being not ^ble td
declare, ^w that whksh they teach is toibe attained unto. They
draw men unto works, whereby they confirm tbem in their .old
nature and custom, out of which they were to be drawn. TbeM-
truly are grievous and odious mctt, and not uvworUkily afaagpiy
accused and reprehended of St. Paul : and it^appeareth thnt thsy
fir ere of no small authority and estimation, seeing that he pKn
Bounceth of tbem, tliat they were called and would be counted
doctqra of the law, and far greater and worthier than the apostle*
themselves. Wherefore we must endeavour to lay up and prinl
this jtext even in the bottom of our heart, for it is OLceilently well
ordered^ and is pure and perfect doctrine, teaching how we must
be righteous before God and men, as the law requireth, that
these three may be as it were conjoined in us, namely, a por^
heart, a good con^ieoce, and faith vnfeigned^ and that MHr*
life may flow out of all these,- and be occupied and 'led in
them, then have we attained, and follMed the meaning *<rf
the law.
. '' liipwbeit we must most diligently tidw fcprtU and 9Q/k(uam

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to4vft\fr <%fi6t Unto 'thie law, wbo U the end and fulfilling of tli^
laWj and our righteousness and fuUness before God, which we find
not in ourselves^ and without faith shall never fii^> although the
law be Mtught and often repeated without understanding; and
Icnowledgc : and these things may suffice to have been spoken ai
this present for the exposition of this place." o. '

a ' ■ 'J .:'. ^ '• . '. ' ' ' ' , '" ' "ggsa

Akt. in. — Mf^moirs of Military Sargerjf. jBi/ p, J. Larrey, M.If^
and CK luspfictor- Gen^fal of the Medkal DepaftmefU of the Frend^
Armies, 8sc. donlalnin^ the Practice ,of the .French MiUtary Sur^t
geonsy during the prmqipal Campaigns of the late War, Abridged
and franslated from the French h^ JohsWaVi^usl, Surgeon of tk^
Royal Nactj. In Tm Pofti. Part L 8vo. Pp. 267. C04
«nd Son. 1815. . r

JLn abridged tmns}aiioii qf the Baron Larrey's celebrated m^
moirs of raUitary vaxgsff, cannot fail lo be aaaooeptable preseaH
W the British practitioiHur; wbether^he wiah to compare the m>
twl Btate of the.seiencein two rival countriesi and the progress
which it has made in the course of such long* continued and
e:^nfiifef7iff«K; ar4o gmther the fruits of the Baron's per*
sonsJ es:perieiice during an active discharge of his official du*-
ties, for a-sptu^ of two and twenty years. It is natural to ex,«
pect, that even a single individual, so long employed in tbi#
service of camps and hospitals, should have collected a pretty
ample fqkid of observstfions on the subject of his profession &
how much m<Nre~theu may we not lopk for^ &t the hands oif m
man who, like M. Larrey, has had the direction and superf^-*
lendf^noerof tl^e surgical department in large armies; who has
Dot only bad a larg^ proportioa of cases under his own irame-^
diate care, but lias been in the habit of receiving from his in-r
f#riiE»cs,-re|)^tsof «Yery impart«nt occorrence which fcU under
tbeic particular observation. In truth, the reader will not be'
dbfitppointed in his expectation of finding in these memoirs a
yaloable coUeetion of interesting facts, and a s/stem of prac.^
tibc^al rules for the management of various surgical afiections^
founded on tlie sure basis of experience ; but we cannot in oiif
con^icience believe, that any well-educated British surg^oci willf
after perusing this work, acknowledge the justice of its aothoir's
tain-glocious boa^t, that the Fr^^n^h surgery is supesior to that
o£ afty natipnon the faee of the oarth.

Mr* Walkr iateiids lo comprise in one volume the whole of
the- matter most interesting to. professioaal readers, which ia
i^jmiifimilmWa^A Umogb (hree lolmbly large octovo vo«.

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S8) tftn^fy^s Memoirs <f gfiMiih/ S^ifgrn^

fBfnei, mixed up %ith a g^od propdrtiotibricfilitefy «Mi4
gmphicjtl details : these arc ormtted in the franslatkm, cnuep^
ing such only as were necessary to mfroduce, connect, nni il-
lustrate the several subjects which are in' sucectssion trefited c€
in the course of the work. This arrangement is obviously tp
the advantage of that class of readers, for whose use the pmfi-
catLgois priacipaQYjdesignedj and we believe that the public
in general would chuse to read the history of those eveolMl
campaigns, io whiph M. Larrey was an fict<yr, any where ladMr
Jhan in a system of mditarv surgery.

If we are to prouounce ludcment on the merits of the trans-
lator, from the paitial exiubltion which he has hitherto nmdeof
h«$ performance, we jn\isX dp him the justice to declaie^ that
sve ha\'e very little Ault .to find with hini ; tlie fault* <s4>$ervgbte
in his style may almost all, with the exception of' a fetr trilii%
grammatical errors, be ascribed to a too great soUeitude about
brevity of ^xpresskni*; 4lf^ same came has rMthiitiad Mm ftdUk
lnultiplymghisf^«yte#tb that extent^ irhk^the SA8ity dispiirfid
hi his pr««faee'woti}dleadltfs to iMkh f&r. A Mhle of «ontmCi
k a d^ridetnUtrH whtch "^1 ptob«rt>f)r b4^ ii|ii)>{iliisd in- tht '<mi*
dudlng portion of <lie i4^rk.' ' •" .

The following afe the pi4ncrpaHdp<^ AisctiteiiM in tho pttt
at present under review, viz. the endeiiiie o|^hthail»ia <df Egypt^
traumatic tetanus, pla^e, yellowfever acie*oimpa»ylng ^tta^shot
Wounds, liepatitis, atrophy <^ the testes, leprosy, i^lephMtiaakt
Ivveoeele, ftcurvy, hospital gangrene, disease of the iMartibn*
af¥d of the Iflfge jointsi, oKM^eable eartiliiiges in the jdittts, am-
}»utatlon, gangrene from ce^igelntk^n, fimi pliea potoniea. FpQUk
th>rs list we •select tw^ alleles, ffir the purpose of inahhi^ a
ftn PHnai^s upon' thein, and shall afterwat^ ektmoi soum' ^
thfK<<^' passages ^^hfeh q^pear most Kfcely to imefteg tho gqm»d

ir%it diseased ^<ie <^f fhe vert^^bm, ^ilirttctohwiy fef erihgrf-fcy
Potf J of the Wp-'jowrt, by Fondi aud of thf? knee, ^ RoMtll
«nd otheKs 5— ^nis««i»g of taiAefi of the hone, ^^4* nltst'-
ration tnnd ffbyctiss tn t^ «\ii¥ottnd(Ag s^ p^fts^ ifi'sfn^tai
«f hy M. Larrey 4» <( tlfe effiscts of the #l46omat}c habit of body
#n the fthfOHS and ^sieovRS- systenM." Wh!^ tHle such anfilu
feetionean have tol)««oyi«kieiied afr<ho pMkiet of a ^tkast^
si«tii!^«ssRt)'^ k byi^o^Meaiw^lFident I nor isfheHlMtoyof aadi
»*hyp«Kfhwfl* at' afll oiw0O<Mw?ftieiW)«»«'«a*arti of opiabi^*^
saysLarrey, <nhat the pHtHfrntme p^in^ifae', wMiMt-dmiAil by
hs deleteriotis pr^per«»e»^ depH^e^ th« JthM^fm^aJB^miuf' Mb-
ittmoeatld'th^ ostjeonte ve<isd^*of tiieh^^MnltVjr.'' Bot ^f^at *t^

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Imf^iUm^ksqfMOiH^Biitgmf. tSA

^paoGiple, wbickis poeseised of nich ddeteriofaft
-gmopmtM} Of) who ever heard of rheumatism ending iu id^
eci«tion} If yoU' extend the signification of terms beyond
HunteftikiBXf aeceptation, there is an end at once of all pre^
cdsMHi in language; we may use' the same words, but we no
l0€g^ agree in the interpretation x in short, this is one in-
stance, without dpubt, amopgst many others, in which the
S«r(Mi descends coaaiderably> when he quits the siipple ac^
^Ut«et path qS obs^rvAtion fpi. the o&ore intricate .Qiazes of ape.**
culatioQ,

, Qmr autfaor^e tceatasent, howeiter, of this disease, whetb^r it
b* called, scuofulous oi sheninatic, is very similar to that which
Im been foiuid most successful in this country; and some of
his remedies deserve more attention on this side the water^ than
ibev have hitherto received $ particularly the burning by moj^^a,
and this actual cautery* He commonly opens the abscesse^t
which .arise in thesie cases^ by running a red'^hot knife through
them^ and afterwards assist the evacuation of their contents by
the application of a cupping glass^ Mercurial frictions, as
near as possible to the seat of the mischief, and repeated eveiy
fourth or fifth day,, are said to have been of great service^ and
to have contributed principally to the cure.

The other article, which anbrds us some room for animad-*
version, is the memoir on the pUca polonica; in which we oh-
ierve several apparent inconsistencies, and some very question-*'
able assertions, which,' taken along withx:orresponding passagies
in other parts of the book, persuade us that M. Iiarrey is unac-^
^uaiiited with the improved doctrines concerning syphilis^
which hate of I&te years been pretty generally disseminated ia
this Gonntiy* He tells us, that the plica, or trichoma, wa^
.l^ught'from Asia intaPofauid by the Sannatians, and that
^^ the change of dimate and regimen ought necessarily to hava
. clHH^ged the nature of the dbaise they were in possession of i
ii was, mthmt dombt, a syphilis, similar to that which we hava
aeen in the interior of Egypt, and the origin of which appears
to mount up to the remotest antiquity/'

la the next paragraph, a much disputed, and very disputable
question is dismissed in the following summary manner i <^ It
cannot indeed be disputed that syphilis existed on the ancient^
continent^ as well as the small pox, long before the dkcovery of
ibaerica. The nroof of it may be found in a great number of
authors, the reference to which IshaU ditpeme wUh/* Tha
ftct is, M. hmty seems never to have any doubts at aU hhn-
selff and that is perhaps the reason why so many of his readers
hpwsfipsBaBaed lo ^ntettaia thair owa doubtat we aie feallj
Crit, Rxv. Vol. U. December, 1815, 4 £

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^ Laney's Memcits (ffMiUiagy Surgenf*

9owf to say, that all the medical officers of the Biitbh amy ia
Egypt and iq Spain, with whom we have bad an oppprttinity^of
^aversing, concur tu deelaring, from their .otni kDOfvled^ge,
that the statements of thia author are not cniitied to implidit
i^onfideoee. But to proceed-^

'* Dt. Lafbntaine^ (he. says) at Warsaw, shewed as a great
iramber of {^ersons^ almost aU.Jews, affected with the plica, who
bad experienced, or who still laboured under the symptoms such
us those we have reported, and which I recognized to be veAeresi
or scrofulous. We may infer from this, that the trichoma is lio-
llmig' ^e than a syphilitic aflfection, or a aeioftikms affection,
more or less concealed, either acquired or iiereditary ; diaeasei
yery common in this country, where they have exi&ted^ «a -wt
have observed above, time immemorial."

So we now have it made out to be either a syphilitic or a
scrofulous affection, and therefore we may venture to assfert
that it is neither the one nor the pther^ but probably the o^-«
spring of filth and inattention ; which, after all, seems to be
the author's own real opinion } for he subseq^ieotly says, ^' Vfj^
aife convinced that the plica is a factitious local jaffectioa^ al^
most independent of many other affections from which it has.
been made to proceed;'' and that the Polish soldi^r^^ who are
compelled to cut off their hair, and to pay proper attention tot
cleanliness, are never affected with the plica.

We shall commence our extracts with a picture of desolation,
which, dreary as it is, presents some features of a grand and
awful nature, well calculated to excite serious emotions in the
heart of the spectator^ and strongly to remind him of his owa
Jnortality.

'' On the 22d of December (1798) I received an order ftoin
General Buonaparte to accompany him with his staff to Suez ;
where we arrived after three daysV march, having traversed an im-
mense dry desert, where only one single tree was to be seen. The
^oad throagh this desert was traced out without interruption by
the bones of men and animals of every kind. If the bodief
escape the eagles and vultures, who quickly dissect them and
transform them into skeletons, the sand and the burning he&t^
dry them up, and reduce them to the state of a mummy. These
bones excite the most gloomy ideas in the mind of the traveller :
for if he should be destitute of water and provisions, he sees be-
ifbrehand the fate thaC awaits him in the midst of a desert to
lirhich he can discover no limi^.

'^ In traveraing these deserts we experienced, the extreme diP
ference of temperature between the day and Uie night, durin^^
which the cold was so ej^cessive^ that it deprived us of jdeep*

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. iMftefs Mem(Ars t(fMS(ttty Surgery. Uff

^t ircrt obliged to keep ouraelTes constantly in motion ; for n&
iMxtner were we asleep than our limbd became benumbed. How-
ever, necessity producing industry, wc contriyed to collect heaps
of « bones together^ and to set fire to them. We had some ttou*
ble at first to make them light, but accomplished it in the <

On the return of the army from Syria, brfore arriving at Sftl-
chych, they fell in with some wells or basins of a sweet muddy
water, such as they afterwards found in the deserts of Lybia,
'^filled witli little insects, amongst which there exists a species
of leech, which appears very similar to that found in the Island
of Ceylon. Although it is not naturally any tliicker than 3
liorse-h^r, it is capable of acquiring the size of an ordinarf
leech gorged with blood. It is of a blackish colour, and pre<-
cents nothing peculiar in its shape." The soldiers, overcome
ivith thirst, drank these watei^ ^ith avidity, and many of them
experienced great distress in consequence of the leeches fixing
in their throat, and irritating the top of the larynx to such a de-
gree, a^ excited violent cough, with difficult respiration and
deglutitiicm, accorhpanied by finequent hemorrhages; the svmp-
toms were relieved by extractitig the leccl\, when it conid be
teached by a pair of forceps, or by causing it to quit its hold
by means of gargles of vinegar and salt-water : in a few in-
stances, however, the accident proved fatal.

The singularity of tiie wound, related in the following cascn
induces us to give the liistory entire.

■'' Michel, a private of the 32d deml-brlgade, received a gun*
shot wound 'On the 2lst of March, ISOI. The ball entered by the
angle of the jaw> traversed obliquely the throat, and passed out at
the jugular region of the opposite side. The base of the tongue
was furrowed, and the epiglottis carried away. The patient spit'
it up after the accident, and shewed it to the surgeon who first saw
hiux : the truth of this fact will appear frotn a narration of the
symptoms.

^ The patient suffered little 5 but his voice could with great dif-
ficulty be heiurd, and in a hoarse and very feeble manner. When he
attempted to swallow for the first time, he fell into a convulsive
lit of coughing, threatening suffocation, and accompanied with'
vomiting. Being tormented by the thirst, which the extreme heat
of the season, and the irritation of the wound produced, he inces-
santly renewed his attempts, and always with the same results.
Me passed four days in this miserable condition. He already ex*
pevienced violent uneasiness of the stomach 3 continual watchful*
ness ; the pulse small and accelerated, and the emaciation began to '
he very visible.

^ Such wa0 the state Of the patient w^n I saw him on the fifth

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$89 Imrmf^yMmi^sii^Mmkhf'Sk^tgtilf.

4fy^ After 4|iM8tio^iiig him on the ^ktmawUiB/oeB thai fabd.i
i^pi^ce . tbe. accideoiy (rjring to Hiak« ibim^lffiiiky and waiftinhiytiit
in^rior of the mouth, I bMune <soa«ino«t that Ite «M»e o#'lrii|
8U^^3catioAft depended upon the pemiMieiii «|Kiiing of thegltoltia?
the aayenng .of which had haea earried away hj'4h4 ball f an madm
dent certainly very singular, and which I bdieve lo be mgiyiCL
Theppo^^nQsis /of thia woUod was onfarounabk i and tiiefe<la'ao
doHbt^ had jthe patient been kit to the. sole ratoUMca of »am%
b^it.tie had perished in the course of a few days. The inrilftio—
w^e not di&cult to attend- to ; the most urgent was te appcaaa
tAe nunger and thirst of this honom^bk victim; and it is all tlifi
art could i^ttempt in such a case. I was fortunatdy provided widi
a tube of elastic £um for introducing into the cMophagils, by Hw
aid of which, carefully introduced, I sent into ihestoinBcli of the
patient, first, a[snudl quantity of cOoUng drinks and alto»ani<
flMDc excellent broth.

v<^ I repeated this operation belbr^ tWe sUrg^M itt oMMdoMe^
wjl^ Ipok.eane torepeait ites ofibniBS dmamitaattssihooM fts^ailM^
Ij^tchfd^parefuUy the progreM of this wottod, »aiid ImdiJDoeaekni
19, c^jD^VM^ce myself of w^t M, Des^uU has' mnarlbedi .thal^ liit
sepsibiUty of th^ mucoids membrane of the.lorjp^ jftt rpla^iyHh
ij^us the slightest drop of any liquor wJhatever introdifqtd.ipto^thfl
laf]['nx7 provoked in an instant all the wmptpoM!. we,hay^lEff|^^
attibed ; whilst the introduction of the tu^e intf, this bigm ijDCpqiQ .
moded no longer than while [should U n6t be, no moreihcm |0Aeis1.i^
indtr^meht is engaged in the phtirynsf ; vi^mreti^n otih\^ inioJo^
of fItopMSsion some blunders #efe' tomi^4t ilrstfv'lfti^ v^ ho
being assured that the tube httd^ pas#M itfto tfiekfjrrix^AiJd^ttMf
in«» the pharynx, but that the first drop^ bfi 'liquid iMt MVli^dn
iUicaused the patient hastily to jiesh awaiyitlM faaMd fMn'^bibh
h^iexpected relief, bei^g seised wUh a!s'ttffocaiedeottgfe^< whMi
8oinetin;aes put ^im in the greateat dangwt * .• > *

/' Xhe p^soge of th^ air, as poin^.piit by wOhorRt iaaot m
certain sign of the tube being in the l^ynx,, Air it wan ftNUM); ti|,
pass the same when it was evidently tngaged in the o^phaginur

'' In order to avoid this inconvenience, I directed tl^,tn.t»e borir* .
zontally backwards till it touched the back part of the &uccs, ana
pushed it gently on in that dircy;(;lon» i9l4iging,.ii tacntrra itself
slightly, in order to enter into the pharyiu^; alM thfi 1 might not
be mistaken, I began always wlthi. paasing a very fiswdropaof •
liquid at a time, the deglutitbiji of which. assure^! me of t)i^ easy
passage of the rest. In the c^^ntirury case^ I changed agaic^fllxeil^
rection of the tube udtil syccess wa^ objt^ined, v^liichbeeaicie cer-
ta.in when I Qomlucted it into tbe th^poat by the assistanoe of the
finger. . . . ^

*' This plan,. persisted in. for a.loi^ timet saved the ltfi» of tMe
solciier : the wound became clean, furnished veiy Uttle dlachaige»
and cicatrized re idily -, but the difQcuItv of swaUowi^g contiAMil
B^y^h 9M his 4pee«t( yi9$ oi^y restored after a oattsadaraUe lapse

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tf'Hine.iindYlieii ifm vi^rf kftp^rfeetmatiner. Atthe end ofabdM
<lK>Wcdn be -vras abl«'«o swaMoir without tcaf conductor, 'ft'shtull
4iiiintlt]r«f'i)iici} paiiftdtt'^' thtf'ftnt effbrts at deglatition wereex^
ttetadly painful, but they became easier in the end y and on hi^ r^^
turn to Fratioe he "was «ble to twallow rtce mtete very thick, i^rhich
hefvepared in the fbrm of bmllets. It appears that these kind of
idteentfl *€ile«Md the glottis; which they conM;antty encotenter^j,
otil^ because they were'of a consistence snfBciently solid, and pf^*
aentedasuflideat bvlktasllp over its edges withont being abl^ t<»
enter it. In plaeiag this soldier among the invalids, 1 gave trim W
express certificate, that he might receive the kind of aliment neces-'
M?y fdr'hia sitnalnon.' The fiinctions of speech' and deglntitidn
wekein theand perfected) (without doubt, bediiiise^the arpknwkl
caiftihigea faaire in port tv^ied the place of the epigfottis, ftott
diiir mdopemeBti oni expaMidtf/'

She miuktt balU of the Turks and Arabs, according to our
w»tiM*a description of tkeni^ most occasion much more terriUir
woumIs, than those employed bv European troops : they have
attached to eadi of them a pedicle of iron or copper, which is
united with the lead nvhcn cast. '« This iron wire, which I^
about an inch lotig, enters into the cartridge; sometimes it
unites two bidis together. They were beside ragged, and of a
larger calibre than those of our pieces/'

The nature of those injuries, which ft ei}aently occar in a fieUl
of battle, without any vIsiHe external hurt, have often been th^
aubjeet of discussion among natuial philosophers as well as mU
litary surgeons ; and whilst some have attributed them to an imw
pulse af the air, vulgariy styled ^ the wind of a ball,'* others
hs^e {considered them as the eifect of electricity, accumulated bv
the ball in its passage through the air, and discharged through
the first conductor which it approaches. The opinion of
M. Larrey seems to be most consonant to reason, and best su^
ported by observation t his id^as on (b^ subject ^te explain^ in
the Following passage s

*' The different movements which a ball experiences in its course,
and the elasticity of the skin, will explain to us by what means
those internal iniuries happen without any external solution of
continuity, and frequently even without ecchymosis. The ball
mo^s through a j^ven space in the rectilinear direction imparted
to it by 4^e power which propeQed it. If at this instant it should
meet with any part of the body, it would carry it off in an extent
proportioned to its bulk ; but the ball, after having run through a
certain dlstanee, experiifrices, bV the resistance of the air and at-
traction of the earth, a deranged movement^ which makes it turn
oil its axis in a diagohal direction.

«' When it approaches the end of its course^ if It should chance

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ifi eaoQiviiter aay part jof the bod j of a romidttl aiia{iei' It nnukJOW^
a. great part of it9 circumference in oooseqaeace of its currflinettv
molioiu It id likewise in this manoer that the wheel of a emm^g»
«^ when it passes obliquely over thi thigh pr leg of a peiaon
]|ying. upon the ground : in this case the consequences are the same
as thpae we have just spoken of. Those 'parts tliat axe moat elastie
yjleld to the bruising body^ and those which offer resistance, sadii
^, the bonesj tendons, muscles, and aponeuroses, arefraelufed^
ruptured, and lorn. By the same cauae too it sorngtimea kappeoa
tb^ the viscera are lacerated/*

,. We are tempted to transeribe the remarks of tbe autfacx^ cs^
the gangrene arising from excessive cold) which he witnessed^
in Poland; because it is one of those subjects^ on whieH^^wc^
conceire it desirable for every one to possess so miicfa itrfor^'
mation as may secure himself and his connections from the taiA
iconseqiiences of ignorance and improper conduct." And thoi^h
it is certainly unnecessary to remind the Faculty of the part.
they hatfe to act on these occasions, it is probably by no ineaiQ^
miperfltious to impress on many others the salutary catitiOQj^
which are here given. After descnbing*thc phenomena of ^f
gatigJienc, M. Lairey assures lis that —

** It did not appear till the moment when the temperature' ilra»'
iliddanly elevated, f torn a very low degree, to several. d^gnpes
above the freezing point. I am 4jfS of^inkm, that «itfess Ihe vkft^
aons wytaMUed lor a very long tliis«< to tke inflaence of cold,
should reiinaia in a state of perfect iaactioo, until asphyxia took
])lace, or unless a second seda^tive. oc narcotic cause sheuld act ia*
concert with the <;Qld interiofly, such as drunkenness, &c^ . .1 t^wt'
of opinion, that partial or general jdeath cannot takei)lace ^iinx^i
the eonti nuance of the extreme cold.* In fact we have seea tra-
vellerd cross the Alps and the Pyrenees during the most ihtensa*
coW, without meeting with any accident, whenever the 'temper^ .
ature experienced no change. 1 have had the opportun!^ of
ascertaining this truth myself. The Poles choose the most ten-'
stant period of the frost to undprt§ike, with their alp^^r^. thi> Ir^wfr
»and arduows journies into Syberia: these voyages jire lireade!!
Whenever the temperature becomes more or less cliaogeabUi be-if

* *' M. toLTvey appears to have dirawn wry hasiy and eiten&ire conclusioAg
fram the pheuoncasia observed during one nogleiii^ht iu Potand. If be was
forUifiat« enuugb to hav^ acooiniianied the troops in theinemprable txyoditlda
to Moscuyr, he.<iii|;bt have had aa opportunity of convbipiQg; hiquelf tbatia^-
eeftsive cold c^ produce death wttbout any of the conditions he has thou^t
proper to prescribe. The pbcnouiena, however, which occur in this case arer
▼ecy dMferent to [from] thosc'exhibited by a frdst-bitteu limb^ ftera te )M> ^^9xi^^
frene, or aeiwible alteration of parts ; but the body mnaiRs immovef^faiie Uke% ^
marble statue, in the position it chanced to b« when the oaigebitiaa todL

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mmehh ihenyBB tlity kave assured mc^ thai they have motft t9
Cmv the elfocto of ooag elafti^a. • In my voyage- to North Amerleay
% number of ship-wredcad men, wfaom wetookoifthe islaiid'of
Belleiale, near Newfoundland, in 17SS, had imssed severaldaya in
this island, lyiog upon the «now, during the meet severe ^oist^
without meeting with any accident. The evening before our ap«
pearance, at a period in which the temperature had changed, two
^( these unfortunate men perished altogether^ and the feet of
ieveral others were affected with gangrene.

'^ Experience teaches us, that these accidents may be avoided
by shunning the fire, or any sudden impression of heat upon the
parts 'benumbed with the cold. All these cirtitlmstances prbVe,
4i«^ 4be oM.in only Che predisposing cause of the > gangrene*
Hf)at4^ddenly applkd: tofche pavts benumbed by timiooldi mayi b«
CpnjHdered as. the determioiqg cause* This.pdneiple onee eit%<c
l)lij>lifsUy it i4 easy to prevent (he e&cts of congelation^r , . • f

The Keist means thfeo, which can be adopted, for the restora-*.
tion'of persons Jiibouring under tiie influence of esLt^remie jcold«^
are^ in the first place, frictipns with snow or melte4 .icetji ^PudC
Afterwards with water of a somewhat hldiertemperatuire: it
the circulation is in this mauner rencwedj it may be kept.i^p^
by the subsequent application of spirituous and camphorated
Iptions. <^ by the intc^rual u^^. of cprdiala gradually t^minis*
tered;, oi^ and hot frictions over the whole surface of the bodyy
ni^d continued moidcrate exercise.''

Here we shall for the present rest ; satisfied, (to ad<^t the
<!00cluding words of the translator's preface) that on the whole'
the present translation will be found to give a faithful, thongh;
nomewhat abridged copy of tlie memoirs of militaiy surgery of
the Baron Larrejr ; a wprlc, notwithstanding its bremishes, of
considerable valiie, as containing a great proportion of prac*^
tit^l and experimental knowledge, the only thing by which,
the scieqce of n^edicine,.ever^ has been^ or ever will be be-,
ne^tted. , ., . . ' Y<. .^

AaT. IV'-^'ContideraHonf on the Pr&prietn of maiai^ a Remuntraiim
io ff^Unesses in GvilJctunUj ^for Lois of Time, md ofalhwrngthe
tame on the TaxaHon of Coatg^ ag between Parttf. and Patttfj with,
fwne Observations on the present Sys^m of taxing Co9ts. %*
CrtAiats ttco^r, Attorney at Law: Butterworth atad' Co.'Lbn-'
dowj J. and «. Todd, Vork 3 and J. Wilson, HuU. Pp. 0, Sro:.

Jt i» one of the grand tests, of the equitable adnrinistratitm of'
muaidpad Isrw, that the prosecution of just claims, or the de--*
fis&ce of assailed rigbts^ dSmws widi it xu> grievance afieoting ihn

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mt BemmmrktUm i» Wfmm»Jkt'tm ^ niM^ fr.

beil priiidpks of jumprudciicey that in aU caMsof *ei^|lto«
(Mdiire, the teHioKNiy neoesMry either to sttbtMitflA6 or niilK^
ihepoint ki disputr^ otfght net to proceed ftom the IHisttm
thetnselfes, but fmok those who^ anticipating no personu «d-
TiDtage in a favourable termination of the suit^ come iininfla'
cnced by motives of self-interest^ is salutary and highly con-
ducive to the ends of remedial justice: but it vfUl be acknow-*
ledged on all hands^ that a maxim, however fortified it mmy be
by reason, cannot be so sanctified, by any direct or constnicdve
irtiMty^ as to be properly made the means of apfeading a miMwi
thMgh suboidinate misehief. The evils intend^ to bn iwl
nrtiioh indeed ttio^l genenMy are-^^ytevented by an Iw^^illsHt
adhcmico to the onoiaa jnst tttated, VouM doubtkasfy be to*-
nieioos in th< AKDrame t but as it k pecidiariy and impetnufefy
veqfuisite in the establishment and practice of a system^ h^vnoig
for itssole object the ascertainment and adjudication of lipftlr, to
so regulate its several parts, to so direct the machinery of nspre^
cess, that no one of its important operations shalltefllet atcn^ef
aayserious nature on those who t)obnaarily seek its btaeSts; so
hjorAoH is it indispensabk, that they wIk) become birobixtafy
inatrnments in gi4n^ efficacy to that system^ and wbo am
totally unconcerned In the nsue of the cause jthey are caDed
npon to support, shouM be quite exempt from the possibOHy of
incurring any inconvenience, the consequences of wnicb may be
not temporalty only, but permanently detrimental.

It is a fact no doubt within the personal experienqe qf many
of our readers, that paying obedience to a subjnxna ad te^ificwit
<&m is frequently attended with material injury to profi^aionA
concerns, and that the loss of time which it giv«s birth to often
prevents the attttnment of inunediate advantages or Arn^ratea Ae
prosecution of promising speculations. For this mischief them
as no existing remedy. A person subpdenaed ' mw nideed 1C7
fuse to attend the trial, unless previously indemnmed for Toes
ettia>a^ bnt if be appear in obediaoce to liie writ^ wilhoMt m^
curing the indemnity, his subsequent claiih for remuneratiQi^
c^valent to riie losses and inconvenicQce sustained^ ^lO^ '7
brought before the court, be disallowed. It has beep .dedaijed
by judicial authority,* that compensation to witnesses ''.for Isns
of time is never demandable; and is only allowaUe to peiaons
in poor circumstances, whose fsjpaiUes cannot saksist y/UtumtL
such allowance" — and that '^ even in the case of labonpw%
and poor peisebs, it ia.only aHowsUe iby anslagy to Ike sta-

mw*n^ t «i ■ m ' 1 ■ ' >M«ii>liiil

^.Mr*«Iastic«UJUsi«Bai^Mr«^is»t&Ga9aptisSt uu« ;

.1 ' ' - «. •

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nunal <;a3eft/' .. .1 • n . ... :. u'

. . It 18 4be twofold purpose of the present volume, to shew thii
necessity of atterihg the practice of the courts, in. this.respeot^
9uid of allowiug, on tascation of costs> all reasonable disburse^
ji;ients made to witnesses in consideration of their peculifMr chtt
cumst^cea, by the attorney of the successful party. IW
lattier division of tl^ subject is^ clearly> intioiately connected
iwtli the former; qx rather, ^e should aay^ a r^uU ^ejutablf
springing from it* For if it once be adtnitled^. that iodi^
.vidwJ^ i^ummopAd.tQi give evidence in a eoiDurt of jiiiatice oidght^
^ijpon pfim;iples of true equity, to receive a peeuniaiy tequiul
QQmioe9surate with whpitever ea^flc^a they aake iaord^t to
cpiji^orm.tp the direction of the ^ummodS) it indisputably flHr
lows ,tix9t when tlie bills of costs is sbbmiUed to the exami^
h^on of the proper officer, it should be hb legal and authot
rize4 duty to allow that pecuniary requital as a vatid and legitw
j»ftte<;lwg^ . . ^

,. ]Vj[f^^rost discusses the question with . reffrenoe both to laiv
^i^f^oUfie;, and lie end^Vours to prove tluti it.is.iaeoiiatt*^
p^ with.neith^n. We have not rooonior hia obaerysttonaioii
^se topios^ respectively ; but as we esteeHi the cases he ekes
1911 the side of (uractioe as more odtaehisiie in themselves^ as
^well, as better, authenticated instaocea of aMowed custom, than
those he- adduces on the side of law, we shall present the reader
With that part of his labouns in which they are set forthi

\ ^ In addition to the authorities of Boote*s Suit at Law atd
rWke's'KpItonife, above cited, the first edition of Impey's lu-
•truotofCkrfcantf; {fabUsfa^ in ITdS, contains thefbrm of an afH*
id8;vit of increased costs, which (Nearly dhewd that a remuneration
40> witBCsaeSifiDr kies of time'Wts ^en eoUsMetod to be aDowMDlJb
^Q taxaMoo^foeflts,. as between party and party.
... ", Tbe.affidavit mentions that the witnesses who appeared am,
t)^ trial were absent from thwihomes three days, and that j£5. lOtf,
was j^(l fqjr chaise-hire for a veiy. old and infimi wioiaan^ffoni
her place of residence to the assize town^ distant tbirty-sevea
miles : it then proceeds to state that the depoiient also paid to her
f for her less of time, trouble, atid e^spense, the sum of a^4. 4s.* and
to the other witnesses ' for their loss of Unie, trouble, and expence,
the *um of s€3. 10.*

"•«''Hl is oibservable, that thltf- excellent* work has now passed
Mirdngh eigln editions, withbut any variation whatever in the
JtBMi of this afiUavit.

'.' lU a.book published in 1T91, trader the title of Costs in tlfe
Court of Chancery, the following items appear in bills which are
stated to have. actually undeigoae tanr wtion before th^ Masteir, and
Grit. Rev* Vol. II. December, 1816* 4 F

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T^Mcb aJ!« )>Hfitoi -iKIh %heddliiGltoti» maHe by the Mkster in Ite
following manner :

CbMgft. I IteiC

^' Paid Mr. C, the witness from Chester, for

his his of tune, expenses^ &c. as per receipt
*' Paid the witnesses for their loss of time and "i .

expenses on attending the trial - j
*' Paid the witness from the <5o«ntry bis ex- 1 « 13 g

perukes n,nd loss of time • - • - j** *^

[}6 B O

8 6

18$

. '' The bnro last iiema were cvAlained km the pkmtiff*^ Mef
to$ts OB ifae trial of an isaae out of the Court of Chancery, aai
.were Uxed by the Mtister of the Court of Kil^*9 Bench, «i tkt
reijuesC of the Master in Chancery, ia Saster Tena 178B, as «pp9*H

by one of the items in the bill.

" iTiifl precedent as to the practice nearly thirty years ago, m
Ihis point of taxation^ acquires additional authorfty from the dr-
cUDRStances tinder W'Mch the bill 1;^as taxed, as there is no docbt
that the Master of the King's Bench' would be pattlenlaHy sta-
lious t6 obserre the ex^t rales of his Comt, ttpotk a teiatiofl
nftftde «t the r^uest of the taxing officer of another Covrt, ttndR
whoae ilnpeetion and exuiiination the biU waa aftorwaids fa

. '' In EdffiWd'a ' Guide to the Practice of the Ofice of Pkis k
his Mc-^esty's Court of Sxche^uer/ pubHehed in 1794, a toiii ef
a.n affidavit of increased coats is given, whereio, 10 addition tatbe
disbursements for the entertainment and necesaory expeaaes of iS
the witnesses, payments are stated, in a separate paragraph, to
have be^n made to various witnesses *fmr ^h^ JM ef* Ham, ad
irduble m ^ten(Ung the {tssizesJ'

. '' The later editions of Palsnefs 'Table df Costa* conhfiB v«i^
rtcf«6 items of -charge for the loss of time> and atfewfattteef wil-
tfeasea ; but in bringing the practice on Una poi»t down to tftfc
present day, it may beimne stttiafactory to «d^ce scmie insCaaeel
irolki « book #hich has recently aj^poKted, \mder the tide of
'Billfi of Co^ and ADowances in l^e OtaaH oi tiUigS BmA;
apd which is understood to hsve the saaotion of the Bfatlvll
©«oe*

• *' From this book it appear*, ^at accohHng to the pf<c8eiA«<li
jof aUowance the foUolving items of charge, the first bebg hi i
towaeaase, and the o4hers in counitry caasaa> aM'eori!^ac<t.

a. 9, 4.
'^ Paid J. S. a Witftess (ftotBry*«x:teA)J^two %>«*-T(^

ienianee - - - , * - . j'iiv

.11 I - -I ■ n I ill i- >»iMii - rt til I

'• r< A copy of tbis work i^a$ scut by one of th« Masten of Ibc Smg'siliMck
%o't1te'S«etvtary of the LondoaLaw Society, accompanied 1^^ a aote, statiK
HMtt tJift book ^RmkA^ tolerably just scale of the aliowaiittti ia that QWCT

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Bemuneraiion to WUmmesfor Ij)ss qf T^ne, ^c. lU

f P«H Mjt. T. W. s^^rv«yor and «rohiWot> for M« Im 4^1 ^ ^ ^

time sind trouble, attending two daya -^ * J
' Paid him fur kifi traTelling and exjienses two days - 3 18 O
' Paid Mr. H. attorney at law, one of the witnesses, \ ^ i o

for his attendance* . - - • * j
' Paid Mr. B. attorney at law, one of the witnesses^

for his loss of tme, travelling, and expenses, three V 7 ^ 0

daysf - - - - - - - )

* P^id L. P. and J. S. for their loM of time, expanses at

the asBizee, five days, and for trarellingt • r

' Paid £. D., J. L.» and T. C. for thtir expeiMM aWo

five day»> aad for tbdr imvelliog . «. - r

*' In addition to ^be above-meotioped Instances of Allowance|
tlie author of these pages is in possession of a variety of original
oills of costs, which hafe been taxed as between party and party,
!it diflerent periods in the several courts of law, and which con^
hiin allotvances for loss of time.

** It ia latneatablc, however, to dbserve the strange .inobnsiB*
teQcies«ad cdntcsdictiooB which these biUa eaihibiL

Y Xo mention «fte Induce onlyi in the ease of At]MAml1^
Sad)^r, the following db^e ivaa aUowerf Qfi t^ip^tioa^ ii^ ^i|iQi|
to the expense of travelling and maintenance of the witness, which
was allowed ia anothfr part of the bill :

" Paid Mr. Jojin Levett^ insurance broker, for bis loss qf^

iinie cQid ti^uble, attending as a witni^s^ thirteen days > 13 13 0
absents ------rj

" But in another case|| in the same Court, the costs in which
Kere taxed, probably by the same officer in the preceding year, a
charge of four guineas for four days* loss of time of a witness*
described in the affidavit of increase as an insurance-broker, wap
wholly disallowed."

■ ' ' T

* ** Mr. H. was atteQdipg in Court on a caee of his own.*'
f <* Mr. &. resided in a neighbouring town ; and It was stated in tlic aflt-
datit of increase, that he attended solely as a witness in this cause, bavittf^ up
^•r bttsiotes."

t " L.P. and J. S. were surseons, and were allowed one guinea each yef
day, besides an allowance for tneir expenses at the assizes, and for travelling.
The other three were respectable fanners and tradesmen, and were alloimd
15s. each per day for their axpenses at the assizes, besides an ^lowaaoe W
travelling, but iwtking spec^icaUy for lost of time and trtmblt^*

f ** The commisSfon day at York, when this cause was tried, was cm tlie
llth of March, 1815. Ou the Slst of that month, it appeaeed piobidik tliet
the cause which stood No. 47 in the paper, wherein 150 causeg were entered
for trial, might not be taken at those assizes ; and it was therefore agreed,
that the same should be rcfeired^ under an order of Nisi Prius, to John Hul-
io€k» Esq. barrister at law, who ptoceeded oo the nUxvitst at York^ aad ca-
amined the witnesses at the close of the aasizes."
n <* WiUunsoa v. Richardsos> tried at the Yorkshire Lammas Assizes,

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iM nm^ m Rtalce*

1!h«p. cases sbeir, if they shew utff ^bag, thact lihe pncllee
Ims mkmUdy from « long date lip to the present period, of
gtaritiDg' f emimeratkm to witnesBcs fdr loss of time; and yet
tbe-pfQctice is wholly discoantenatieed by the deciskms of our
«nitft4rf lavrl Surely no reasohsAle c^use can be assigned foe
ftos^JdeoiigruitY* IJF the practice be bad, it oaght innstantiy t»
Be eroded ; if good, instantly legalized. Its pemiei^ps rf*
UetBi is any it posaess, should be ooropletely prevented^ byt«D
absolute prohibition of its eoDtimiBnoe; its ulalily, if disoo^
verajble and manifesty should entiUe it to judicial saaetion. But
t^iat.it ia really and aubatantially josi, we fed nolieaitaftaoB in
asaevtkig^ and we trust that the hi^ anthoiity lowfaidi we
littredihided will speedily lend its support to its eftctual w^
feroiisient prevalence. Certainly, according to tJhe doctrine
at pre^nt established by the jpdge$, witnesses are subjected
td many and weighty grievances ; grievances which, wherever
<3se th^r might 6J1, ought unquestionably, not to fell upon
them. And, though far from wislung to inultiply the expense
of suits, (already too encMrmous) we think the frequency of the
evil in question calls peremptonly for redress. ' a. *

i^T^y, -^Travplsisi Franca, during the Fborv 1S14—- 15. .Con^Majf
c Residence at Paris, during the Sta^ of ike AUied JrmieB, and 4Ui
. Aix, at the Period ofilie Lauding ofBoaaparte. 2 vola. P|». 3fi9»
, ^. Longman & Co, WJ^.

jThis work, to which is prefixed a modest, sensible, and satis-
factory address to the reader; expressive of the author's r^jpe(;t
for the public opinion, and explanatory of the principal sourqes
of his materials, is comprehensive in its scope, and clear in i^a
Sevelopements; liberal ' in the view it takes of reoent #vente;
an4 riespectable^ if not elaborate^ vigorous, if not el^gmt, la its
general style*

While, however, wf allow to the pages before us <theTecf$R^
ttiendatiop of impartiality, we would wish to be undei^stbdd;*^
spelling conditionally, and, by no means, without reserve, D[
ft bfe due to our traveller, to admit, that much qf 'his riarfative
wears an unprejudiced and ingenuous air, it is no less piir duty>
to s^y, that some facts are presented in a light adverse tu
right reason, and prejudicial to the cause oif hunian^jfreedam*
^ar.frpm being disposed to ia;utate the partiality 'we. ace. penn
sttring, we cheerfully add to the publicity of the foUowiM
fdtetch: and hope it is drawp .with truth; espjecially as.it |Mror
Jesses to be the pcNtrait of ^'despotic Mooardi* ; -

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' After takng^iis with him Ir^m Londoo to Dover, fhm Do-
♦er to Calais^ifoin Calai9 to Boulogne^ and from Boulogne tap
Paris, in the oourse of which route the author, fof want of bekt
ter tc^icsy amuses his re^ld^s with many pf those things wids
which other modern tri&yellers from Londoa to P^is, bav&.ji»
often aroused tbem before, he makes a few cursory mywrks-oii
the appearance, beha?iour>«iid reception of tbeRuasiaay Paism
sian, aod EngiUsh of&eera and soldiers^ in the French capital^
3s an iptrodttclion to the foUowing ddine^tion of Ale^aail^ *
*• It is fortunatel^iMipeHluerURfDr lis to- enlarge ort «!ie appe^t-T
ance> o» on «he chanioter' of- tlie Bmpeior Alexander. We wet^
9traok with tke aapplicaty of the style In whieh he lived; fle'tii^
babit^^ouljr one or twoJ^pertinehta in a wiqg of the splevdM
Blysee 3ourbo^*-^|}^ qu a leather mattress, whieh'he Jbad-nse^
in ^he oamp^dgn— -rose at four In the morning, to, transact hi|sif.
ness — wore the uniform of a Russian General, with only the me?
dal of 181$, (tbe^ame as is worn by every soldier who serv/ed in.
that campaign, with the inscri^ption, in Russ, Kon nobis sed iin
Domine) } had a French guard at his door — went out in a chaise
And pair, with a single servant and no guards, and was very regu;
lar In his attendance htamnall chapel, where the service of ^e
.Greek chnrch was performed. We had access to very good inibr«
xnaifon ctfncerfting hint, atflf IRe account which we received of liis
/characjter even exceeded our anticipation. His humanity was de*
A>ribed to us as almost unparalleled. He repeatedly left beltini
him, in marching with the army, some of the medical men of his
own staff, to dress the wounds of French soldiers whom he passed
pn the way y 9Lpi it was a standing order of fais, to his hospital
8ta9^, to treat woHuded Russians and French exactly alike. , . >
" li is conduct at the battle of Fere Champenoise, a fevy.dayi
before tlie capture of Paris, of which we had' an account fjrom
eye-witnesses, ipay giye an idea of his conduct while with the ar-
mies, f he French column, consisting of about 5000 infatftry^
writh some artfllery* was attacked by the advanced guard of tM
allies, roneisting of eayalry, ^ith some horse-artillery, under lii#
immediate orders. It made a desperate resistance, and -its captmn
being an ojbje^t of great importance, he sent away all his guavds^
even tbie ,Co^s;^k^ an4 exppsed himself to the lire of mu^jketiy
for a Ipng tuif e^ directing th^ movements of the troops, . Whe»
tlie French squares were a^t length broken by the repeated chargc^F
of cavalry and Cossacks, he threw himself into the middle o^
them, and at a great pereo.hal risk, that he might restrain the
fiiry of the soldiers, exasperated by the obstinacy of the resist-
ance* and a!though he could not prevent the whole French ofhr ^
cers and men from being completely piliaj^cd, many of them owed
their llHi^ lo his interfei'enee. Tlie French comnmnder ^to
broi^it to him, and offered h}m his sword, which he refused Ijil
jBCcept^ saying, he had defended himself too Well

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#98 .ZYavO^ tft Frwct.

" It wns stat^ also, tkat tbe wife %nd ahiMfeo of » G«MibI,
who had been with the French army, Mere brought to hUa» aad
ihat he placed a guard oyer them, which was overpowered io the
confusion. The unfortunate woman was never more beard of,
bot h^ siJcceeded In recovering the children, had a bed made for
mem in his own tent, and kept thenx with him, until he reached
pRotB^ when he ordered enquiry to be made for some of her rela-
IkMtf, tq whose care he conunltled them."

So impenousty do we feel ourselves obliged to think litimbly
Mtherof the UQdefstanding, or the goodnefii, of «iiy mortal,
who, in these enliglitened times, can be even patient in the sta-*
tion^#f a eonstkutional tyrant; who, can'i^ith self-conipla-'
feenfey,.see in every inhabftant of his territory, the bKnd slave of
J kn* absolute master, that (again we may say it) it is our hope,
that the above portrait is faithful ; tliat the present Emperor of
Russia, in the exercise of his private qualities, offers to a nu-
merous people some compensation for the miseries they have
endured under tlie public conduct of his predecessors. Bat
for themf tliey had escaped the crime of opposing the rising
liberties of a regenerated nation ; but for thenij had never ex«
perienced the sufferings of which they now so loudly, but s6
imjustly, comrplain. Never had the French armies pressed the
Rnssian soil, had the Russian cabinet abstained freni menacing
t^rcnth freedom . But let us hear what our author farther ad-
vances in favour of the northern Ruler.

' " As a specimen of the general feeling In the Russian army at
the time they invaded France, we may mention the substance of
t. conversation wjvich an oflicer of tlie Russian staff told us he had
•leld vrith a private of the Russian guard on the march soon after
the invasion. The soldier complained of the Emperor's procla-
fnation, desiring them to consider as enemies only those whom
they met in the field. ' The French,' said he, 'came into our
Country, brlngrng hosts of Germans and Poles along with Ihera -,
^— they plundered our properties, burnt our houses, and murdered
pxjtr families j — every Russian was their enemy. We have driveji
them out of Russm, we have followed them into Poland, iuU^
Ocrmany, and into Prance: but wherever we go we are allowed
^o find none but friends. This,' he added, ' is very well for us
^lards, who know thtit pillage is unworthy of us; but the com-
mon soldiers and Cossacks do not understand it j they remember
ftow their friends and relations have been treated by the Frenclt,
and that remembrance Hat at their hearts* "

The retort to all that Alexander here says, or is made to say,
Hi-ill bg so obv'^ous to ei'cry one who reflects a moment on the

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«f1gtMl^ C3IRIM df ihe ]«te wmr/ lAuit ft is almo^ a woilc of snpei^
rerogation to remind our readers, that if the FVench had beat^
Ugain artd agniti, these hosts of Gerntans and Poles ^ it was, be-
cause tho^e r rendh fought so well against the unprovoked ene-
inies of their polltlctil emancipation j that if they were ajble tf
carry with them those GermanSy and tlwse P^leSj jjito the heart
of Kussia, it was because their patriotic bravery had subdued^
^d broken up, so many coalltious, formed but to perpetrate
ibe staveiy of Pr^oee and Europe; and that they wlio oow ^te-
ckuiu against lOi'onek piHage^ meant to. pillage the. French of
the most valuable boon of man. While slaves in priocipleyihe
peasantry of France migiit eat with ^^oatent the dry enfst of
the black bread that voluptuous tyranny teft thenrr; but roused
to better feelings, they were no longer patient under the most
i^rftninal oppression, and dared to assert the imp^rscriptible
rights of human nature. Of these things, Alexander does not
ipeak to his vassals : if he did, they would not understand liiQU
£ut the dsQT will arrive, let us hope, whea even a {lussian sol-r
fiyer will be less igiKMraat,

The autbbr of this very eQtertainiug diary (for such we tnvst^
In candour, term it), after some judicious^ at least, if »ot nafcl
ftBoiarhs, on the piacipal buildinga io Psu'is, preerals his ffead>
«rs with the following description of the French^ male and fe»
ifiaje, as ihey appeared to him^ Aram the opporttmities he hai
tof observing them in the capital.

'* In point of intellectuni ahiHfyy the French are certainly tirfMor
to no other nation. Tliey have not, perhaps, so frequently as
others, that cool, sound judgment In matters of speculatlom
which can fit tJiem for unravelling with success the perplexities
of metaphysics; but their unparalleled success in mathematical
pursuits is the best possible proof of the accuracy and quickness
t)f their reasoning powers, when confined withm due bounds. We
Ho not r^^ to the astomshing efibrts of sudi men as D'Alembeii
or La Place, but to the general difiPusion of luatftiematical know-
ledge among all who receive a scientific education. We have
heard it stated, by one perfectly qualified to judge of this matter,
that a smart lad of 17^ who has completed bis education at the
Ecole Polytechnique, would puzzk, in some branches of mathe*
Insetics, almost any ProiFessor in Brhain. Unless a . man makes
discoTcries of his own in mathematics, he is little thought of as
k mathemsttician by the men of science fit Paris, even flathough
he may be intimately versed in all the branches of that science as
H stands.

' *'Uflderthe Imperial GoTemment; it was not consldere4 safe
to cultivate any sciences which relate to politics or morals i but
fhe sdvancemeut of the pbysiod and mathemoticai sciences in

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«W Travels ih Franti.

Knttce during that tinfe, gufficiently indieateg that tiMie Uu b6efl
no ^ant of taleut or industry*

" It raay be remarked as a striking characteristic of the French
0cientific works, that they are almost always well anunged, and
the meaning of the author fully and unequivocally expressed. A
Frenchman does not always take a comprehensive view of his
subject, but he seldom fails to take a dear view of it. The
same turn of mind may be observed in the conversation of French^
men ; even when their information is defective^ they will very
geaendly arrest attention by the apparent order and perapiciiUy
of their thoughts; and they never seem to ka#w what it ia to be
flit a. loss for words.

'< Conaidsring the great ingenuity and ability of the French, il
seems not a little surprising that they should b^ so mvch behind
our couatrymen in useful and profitable arts, and that £nglish«
men should be so much struck with the app^irent poverty of the
greater part of France. This is in a great measure owing, no
doubt, to the policy of the late French Government, which had
directed all the energies of the nation towards military affiiirs ;
and to the abuses of the former government — ^but we tirink it
must be ascribed in part to the character of the people. There is
not the same co-operation of diiferent individuals to one end, of

Eivate advantage and public usefulness 3 the same division of
hour, intellectual as well as operative 3 the same hearty conft*
dence between man and man, in France, as in England. Men of
talents in France are, in general, too much tainted with the na-
tional vanity, and too much occupied with their own fame, to join
heartily in promoting the public interest. Individual inteUlgence,
activity, and ingenuity, go but little way. in making a nalioa
wealthy and prosperous, if they are made to minister only to the
individual pleasures and ^lory of their possessors.

" Tlie patriofisni of the French is certainly a very strong feeling,
but it appears to be much tainted with the same vanity and love
of shew that we have just remarked. There can be no doubt,
. that during the time of Bonaparte's successes, he commanded, in
a degree that no other sovereign ever did, the admirat^>n and re«
^pect of the great body of the people ; and it is equally certain,
that he did this without interesting himself at all in their happi*
ness. His hold of them was by their national vanity ^one.
They assent to all that can be said of the miseries which he
brought upgn France : but add, ' Mais il a battu tout le monde ;
il a fait des choses superbes a Paris ; il a flutt^ notre oi^eil na*
tional. Ah ! C*est un grand homme. Notre pays n*a jamais elb
si grand ni si puissant que sous lui.* The condition of the inha-
bitants of distant provinces was no wise improved by his public
buildings and decorations at their c^ipital -, but every Frei^chmaa
ponsiders a compliment to Paris, to the Louvre, to the Palais
iRoyal» or in the Opera, as a personal compliment to himself.

"At this moment, it is certainly a very general wish in France

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THm^ m Ftmce, (Ml

i^f^^mti'k swrert^gtii'wbo^iiiB'ltey estpras^ It; hfts grown otitbf tlld
revolution* but when. vre.eh^u ire into tlwir reflsoii' fei* •thfev^l
-Wiir pfiMi'berfemnd^'WeMieve, to resolve itself itftotheirnMidnaf
"VAiiity. Itiis; not that 'thiiy think th^ Bout-bom will breftk' thtslv
iPirord^ or that the present Constitution tMiH ^ Altered "wifhdift
•hHr»Mi0elit^;lhit'ftii€vilWer and 'twenty yenrs of eoiifusfti^tf ICnh.
. bloodfihed, theyicaiihoifbtiir'theithoughtd 'of leaThig ofP^^t^
l^yb&gAh^ ahdthe^thinki' thnttflkiug'bAck their oMT^dynA^ff
inithotitvlteMitkm/ is'piracticiilly'acrknowledgin^ that tHey* Hai^
btf^ti in thfe wrongall the' time of their abtenee. W« hAV^often'
^euMricad (butv^^^elBiiAao'lhe remark fa tSfplUMhl^'WaW^^^^^
foiki cbuntries) that the French politi<!al oonve^sation, duehtii !te*
lieaftt tit^dalMs and tables d'hdte, is mwch iiiore />«rn)ital than' that
to which' weiareacctactwntiii ^H'EnglAnd: ^ • " • « » ..

•( "The chftracter tbitft«ppeiit« to be most wwniei iti F^fteey liT
thrtt of di^fftere^ ptihttci^plrit^d* individuals, of Wghhoikyftr
kttd tutegiityi'and ef laitge possessions and tnHueneie^ Nurhb rt<y not
liit^rfe¥0 in. pwbtic offivirs fipom* vieWs of ambitio^^ but from a
sense «(f duty^whd Imve no Whh to dsaete the eyed of the Utijxl^
filtude, unddd'not aeekfor a more' extensive influentfe thah ' thM
to which th«ir obtervBtioif and experience entitle them. While
tkis Mantocer'QoMthiees «o*riBUch more fireoueni; in ouf own ebu'n^
fry than QMong'the FreiH'h, it is. perhaps in military aiPacfd'oiVly
that we need entertain any fear of their superiority. Bnglishtrien
i€ poWier and infhiehte, generally spefttldng, ha>re really dt htj&rt
the goo& of their coutitry ,^' whereas Frenchmen; in ste/ilaT situa*
f ions, «re iehte#y interet^ted tn the glory of theirs .

*<' ItiaMist alaoe be obsertned, that public affairs occupy ihtidv
less of the ateention^-ahd interfere tnueh less with the happtnesd'i^
of the majority of the- Frefiich*than of the English. There is less
antiety about public nien^urbs^; and les^ gratitude for public ser-'
irlees; We were often siirprided at the indlfferenfce of (he ciffzena
of-^a#i»with regain to their M^rshals^ whom they seldom kneW
by naohe, and dk^ not seem to cMr^ tor kifowiog. The pernmtiort
6f att4>ld lady, whc> hactjMfvereda. long Speech to a fr^tni erf
otirs, therf a prisoner at Verdun, lamenting the reverses of the
FVewbh'aittis; and the miseries of li'rance,'Was <!haradteridttc' of
th«>MfliO«l: ' ifakly c*est egul. Je stisMijottTs ici.*

'^' k it quite Mbeeesaa^y Ibr us to gW«' proofs of tihe Mxity Of
fiim-i{i^'prHicipl& which prevails so generally anfoDg tWe Frenchf*
The Workl< hdS' not now to learn, thti^notwithstamling their higU
pro^e^iotife; they have but tfttle f^ghrd eHher for truth or fot mo^
^ fW^. * ^A«cohliiig to Mn Scott; ' they 'bavef, in a great med^rej
detneh^d words {)r^6Kh ideas and Ittlihg^f ihey can, th^tiefbre;
aUbrd to he tkn^sually profh^e of thd better $ort of the first; and
tfetey ^jiperi^nce'Atf much internal ^atiisfactidn and pride* wheh they
iM^^ii^ UK ir^e Mif th^htftl practisM one.* Feiliap^ it Would
be mOreobhfMt to sirr, l(hat they have detached ideas and feellnglr
iroMtkeir^ediVei^^Qttidtng aetioM:-'' ibelings have idwayi

Crit. Rev. Vol. II. December, 1815. 4 G

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•01 Traveb w Fra$M.

been too vkiient for tbe mdment, and too short in tlieir iaHtUkm^
to InfluienGe their conduct steadily and perauoently ; but «1 pce-
sent, they seem much disposed to think, that it is quite enough to
have the fedings, and that there is no occasion for their conduct
being influenced by them at idL

" They appear to have a strong natnrol sense of the beauty and
excellence of virtue | but they ore accustomed to r^;anl it merely
as a sensej It does not rej^late th^ir conduct to others, buS
adds to their own selfish enjoyments. They speak of virtue al-
Wfo^ uniformly, not as an ol^ect of rational approbation and iml-
totion, and still less aa a rule of moral obligation, ' but as a nuitier
4>f feeling and taste. A French officer, who describes to you in
the liveliest manner, and with all the appearance of unfeigned
aympathy, the miseries and devastations occasioned by his coun».
Iiymen among the unoflfending inhabitants of foreign states, pro-
caeds in the same breath, to declaim with enthusiastic admtratimt
on the. untarnished honour of the French arms, and the great
mind of the Emperor. A Parisian tradesman, who goes to the
theatre that he may see the representation of integrity of conduct,
conjugal affection and domestic happiness, and applauds with en-
thusiasm when he sees it, shews no symptoms of shame when
detected in a barefaced attempt to cheat his customers ; spends
his spare money in the Palais Royal, and sells his wife or daughter
to the highest bidder.

" Another striking feature of the French character, connected
with the preceding, is the openness, and even ea^mess, with
which they communicate all their thoughts and feelings to each
other, and. even to strangers. All Frenchmen seem anxious to
ipake the most in conversation, not only of whatever intellectual
ability they possess, but of whatever moral fedings they expe*
xience on any occasion ; — they do not seem to understand why a
man should ever be either ashamed or unwilling to disclose any
thing that passes in his mind ; — ^they often suspect their neigh-
bours of expressing sentiments which they do not feel, but have
BO idea of giving them credit for feelings which they do not ex-
press.

" The French have many good quaUHui thev are y^rj geno-
nUly obliging to strangers, they are sober ana g^ood'-tempeiedj
^nd Httle disposed to quarrel among themselves, and have an
{uniable cheerfokiess of disposition, which supports them in dif-
ficolfies and «(dversity, better than the resolutions of philosophy.
But it is clear that they have very little esteem for virtuous cha-
lacters $ and in fact, it is not going too far to say, that a certain
propriety of external demeanour has completely taken the |»laoe of
conrectltoss of moral conduct among them. They speak almost
uniformly with much abhorrence of drunkenvessi and of all vio«
latiens of the established forms of society \ and soch impvo|iri«-
eties are very seldom to be seen among them. Many Frenchoien#
as was already observed^ are tQVf U Mid ^vea (ecoakMia in M^

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Trfweh in France. Aoi

i4Aim«nr^ and tlie language am! beliavioar of most of them, pnf^
licularly in the presence of women, appears to us very frequently
itideKcate and rude; yet there are limits to this freedom of man-
ner which they nerer allow themselves to pass. Go where yoii
will in Paris, you will very seldom see any disgusting instances
6f intoxication, or any material difference of manner, hetween
those who are avowedly unprincipled and abandoned, and thd
teost respiectable part of the community. In the caff^s, which
'i^orrespond not only to the coffee-houses, but to the taverns of
LfOndon, you will -see modest women, at all hours of the day, ofX
len alone, sitting in the midst of the men. In the Palais RoyaP,
%t no hour of the night, do you witness scenes of gross inde^
cency or riot

" To an En^ishnnn, it often serres as an excuse for vicious
indulgences, Sitd he is led off his feet by temptation. iV) a
frenchman, this excuse is the only crime ; he stands 4u no need
\Df an apology for vice; but it is necessary ' qu'il se menage:* he
is taught < qu*UR pech^ eache est la ' moitie pardonn^ ;* he must
on no account admit, that any temptation can jeake him lose his
recollection or presence of mind.

*' We ought perhaps to admit likewise, that some of the vicet
common among the French, are not merely less foul and disgust*
ing in appearance, but less odious in their own naturie^, thaa thost
i>f our countrymen. We do not say this in palliation of their
condAet. It is rather to be considered as a benevolent provisioii
of nature, that in proportion as vice is more generally diffused,
its influence on individual character is less fatal. This remark
applies particularly to the case of women. A woman in England^
who loses -one virtue, knows that she outrages the opinion of
•mankind ; she disobeys the precepts of her religion, and estran'get
'lierself from the examples which she has been taught to revere |
she becomes an outcast of society ; and if she has not already lost,
must soon lose all the best qualities of the female character. But a
SVench woman, in giving way to unlawful love, knows that she
does no more than her mother did before her) if she is of the
lower ranks, she is not necessarily debarred from honest occupa-
tion; ifof the higher, she loses little or nothing in the estimation
of society ; if she has been taught to revere any religion, it is th«
Catholic, and she may look to absolution. Her conduct, there**
fore, neither implies her having lost, nor necessarily occasions he^
losing, any virtue but one ; and during the course of the revolu!*
•tion, we have understood there have been many examples pK>ving,
in the most trymg circumstances, that not even the worst corrup*
tiona of Paris had destroyed some of the finest virtues which can
adorn the sex. ' Ellesont 4oijgours bons coeurs,* is a common ex-
pression in France, in speaking even qf the lowest and most de-
^raded'of the sex. In Paris, it is oeiitaipiy much more difficult
than in London to find examples in any rank of the unsnllied pn«
*flty of thefcBMle ^haraotisr > but «eiither i» it commonly seen ^

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(104 TVot^elpr m Ftfmce.

utterly perverted and degraded -, one b«fl flot occaaioii to yricac«t
80 frequently the painful spectacle of youth and beauty brooghi
by one rash atep to infamy and wretchedness > and to lament, that
the fairest gifts of heaven should beoome the bitterest of curses to
so many of their possessors.

*' Having mentioned the French women, w« think we may re*
mark, without hazarding our character as vnpartial obsenreiv^
that most of the faults which are so well known to prevail among
them, may be easily traced to the maimer in which they aitf
treated by the other sex. It is a very cfuxmion boa^t in JB'raace,
tiiat there is no other country in which women are treated with
so much respect; and you Qan hardly gratify any Frenchman so
much, as by calling France ' le paradis des femmes.' Yet, from
all that we could observje ourselves, or learn from others^ there
appears to be no one of the boasts of Frenchmen which is la ne*
idity less reasonable. They exclude women from society almost
entirely in their early years -, they seldom allow them any i^qle in
the choice of their husbands : After they have brought them into
i^ciety, they seem to think th^t they confer a high favour on
them, by giving them a great deal of their company, and paying
them a great deal of attention, and encouraging them to sejpanite
themselves from the society of their husbands. In return foi;
these obligations, they often oblige them to listen to conversatioo,
which, heard as it is, from those for whopa they l>ave mo^t rer
fspect, cannot fail to corrupt tbeir minds as well as their manners;
and they take care to kt them see that they value theoA . ^or the
qualities which render tlieni agreeable companions for \h^ mo-
ment -y not for the usefulness of their Lives, for the parity of their
conduct, or the constancy of their affections. Surely the respect
with which all women, who conduct themselves with propriety,
are treated in England merely on account of their sex ; the deli-
cacy and reserve with which in their presence conversation is uni<-
formly conducted by all who call themselves gentlemen, arc mors
honourable tokens of regard for the virtues of the female charac-
ter, than the unmeaning ceremonies and officious attentions of
the French.

''To the influence of the causes we have noticed,. we be-
lieve it to be owing, that women of all ranks in France are desti-
tiite of that native self-respecting dignity of appearance and
manner, claiming respect and attention as a right, rather than so- '
lie i ting them as a boon $ and giving you to understand, that the
mi^A who does not give them is disgraced, rather than the woman
whp do^s not receive them, — ^which have long distinguished t)ie
female inhabitants of our own country,- And to a similar in^uence
of the tastes and sentiments of our own sex, it is easy to refer the
more serious faults of the female ch«|i^ter in Fnmoe.

" On the other hand, the better parts of the charfiicter of tJie
French women cMT all their own. It is not certaialy. from the
men that they have ^earat tliose truly feminize qaaliUMb A^^ '^

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TWtoeb in France. Mf

tKml&ng hvaxyHty and geaileoess of maaaer^ .|h^ pleMioi^ &^^
pf temper^ and native kindness of disposition^ to which it is reif
difficult, even for the proverbial coldness of northern critics, tQ
apply terms of ridicule or reproach/'

Many other traits, some true, some fiilse, are given of the
French character, as seen in the various walks of life. Thei|r
superior taste is denied, their alledged indecorums defended^
thtfir irfeligion asserted, and their patriotism acknowledged.
• The following song was, it seems, a favourite in the French
imperial army. " One of our party,** says the author, " ha4
heard the soldiers sing it, on their return to their homes from
the campaign of Moscow," We give it, as demonstrative, not
only of the tastej but of the chivalrous cfevotion ttnd rqfinement',

3f the French ranks, while fighting for liberty and national in-
ependence.

" La Cbntinelle.

f L'Astre de nuit danQ son paisibte eelnt
liAiica ses feux surles tent de la liVance^
Non l^in de camp un jeune et beau foldat
Aipsi chaotoit. appuy^ syr sa lance.

Allcz, vole-z, zephyrs joyeux, *

Portez mes voeux vers ma patrie,

Dites cjue je veiUe dans ees lieux, „.

Que je veille dans ces lieux,
C*e8t pour la gloire et pour m'amie.

L'Astre de jour r*aniniera le combat,
Demain il faut signaler ma valence -,
pans la victoirc on trouve le trepas,
Mais si je meurs au cote de ma lance,—

Volez encore, zephyrs joyeux, . .

Portez mes regrets vets ma patrie, »

Dites que je meurs dans ees licilk, . .

• Que je meufs dans ees lieux,

C'e^t pour la gloire et pour m'aniic."'

In speaking of the love qf glory peculiar to the French, tli<|
l^uthpr says a great deal that, perhaps, would be equally appli*
cable tb most nations. Glory is a word, which, ai limited to
«ucce«^ in batikf and meaning no more thai^ the fame con^-*
quent to the pomp and outwurd drcunstance^li^man ha^iQckf
lis exercised upon any principle, or without any ^princ^e, i«
wiiver^ty wd^i^tood; an. illusion, by tbe.ifnagic blaze of
^bich aJl;rMlers«Aa.«itker eiiUghtea or hlii|4 U>€ur peo|))e, Hm

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Travels m Frandit.

insensate myrmidon fiiio contends stgamsi reason and jnsticfv
still fights for glory 5 and the patriot duef who straggles for
the preservation of Kberty and his country, fights also for gfary.
At Waterloo, the spirit of freedom and national indepeAdenec
unfurled the flagon one side, and on the other the principle of
tyrauny and universal oppression ; but both parties included ia
their siininUf the ignis Jatuus, glory ; glory, that would equally
enhance the honours of the rightful conqueror, or gild the hor*
lors of successful despotism. Of the general truism on whidi
we are here insisting, every government is^ too sensible not t«
avail itself of so powerful an impetus : and while we assert the
ahnoH mwersql love of glory y the interest kings and tlien: eabi-
nets have in the predominance of such an infatuation, accounts
for its exi^t^nce. Hence the suUimated French were ever fond
of glory; so the less etheriat English; so even the condensated
Dutch ; and if, in some instances, England has experienced the
resistless vvoadt4 of tlie former in the pursuit of glory, the
latter have sometimes convinced her of the overpowering im-
portance of ponderosity influenced by the same mania. To this
loee of glory, as a feeling peculiar to the Freiich, which feelings
as ^peculiarity, the British military, we imagine^ will not vaj
readily grant them, the author of these volumes imputes their
martial ardour and numerous and astonishing successes in the
field ; but, surely, he would have be^n more just, had he traced
the cause of their revolutionary vietories, to the amor patric^
the amor Ubertatis, and tlic odium tyrannorum, which, when
they were menaced by all Europe, animated their regenerated
nature, and bade them coitqfier or die.

Passing the first and second chapters of the second voliunet
in which we meet with littfe more than that common-place
itinerary matfer found in tlie detailed memoranda of every mo*
dem visitor of France, we present th# reader with a few spe*
cimens of the author's *^ Anecdotes of Napoleon," of the
truth or probability of which, we leave the reader to judge.

After indulging in a little family scandal, and telling us^ that
even in his boyhood, ^^11" (Napoleon) 5' montrait dans ces
jeux cet esprit de domination qu'il a d^puis manifest^ snr k
grand theatre du monde; et celui qui devoit un jour epouvsnter
I'Europe, a comnieDe^ par etre le mnitre ct I'effroi d'une troupe
d'cnftuis,^' the Author proceeds te «iy, that /^he left the mili-
lary college with tlie rank of iieutenattt of axtlHety, and bcttinf
» character whteh wa^ riot Tikely to recomnvend him among
good men/^ He had very eariy; we fire gi^dy told, dis{>layed
principles of a mOsV daring nature. "In a cbnveTS8tioii<«ri& tb^
nastcr of the academy^ some discussion having taken place om

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tlie subject of the diffieulty of goTarniog a great nation, th«
young Uorsican remarked, ''That the greatest nations were aa
easily managed as a school of boys; but tliat kings abvayM
studied to make themselves beloved, and thus worked their own
#uin/' This anecdote is presented to us, in evidence of eveii
the hifa$Uine despotism of Napoleon : wc receive it as a much
better proof of bis infantine ignorance. Where had he heard, in
what histoiy had he read, tliat kings always study to make
themsehes bekved^ If he ever thought so, it muat have beea
before he read the annab of £urope* After laying before the
reader these se^^etident stcHries, we may safely trust to his judg-^
nient the following equally probable tales.

'' Sire, (lui disoit un general, en le felicitant sur la vietcirat,
de Montmirail), quel beau jour, si nous ne voyions mutour dc!
nous tant de villes et de pays devastis ! Tant mieux, replique
Napoleon, cela me donne des soldats !" '

His second capture of Rheims, we are next informed, was of
little ponsequence to him ; but he now determined it should
suffsff by fire and sword. From the heights he looked down on
the town, then p^ly on fire, and, smiling, said, ''.£h bienf.
daas une licwre les dames de Klieims auront grand peur«''

. '/ It is the general opiDion of the French/' adds this candid
writer, " that the campaign in Italy was the only one in which Na-
poleon shewed personal courage; others allege, that he continiicd
to display the greatest bravery till the siege of Acre. To rccon-
Wiethe different opinions with respect to the character of Napo-
lecm in this point, is a matter of much difficulty. After having
heard the subject repeatedly discussed by officers who had accom-
panied lum in many of his campaigns $ after having read all the
pamphlets of the day, I atn inclined to think that the character
given of him, by his valet, is the most just. His book certainly
contains much exaggeration, but It is by no means considered, by
ihe I'reach whom I have met, as a forgery. He must, from his
style, be a man of some education 3 and he was with him in all
his battles, from the battle of Marengo to the campaign of Paris.
He declares, that Napoleon was cowrageous only in success, brave
only whoL victorious; that the slightest reverse made him a cowardj
His conduct in Bgypt in abandoning his army, his barbarous and
unfeeling Hight from Moscow, and his last scene at Fontainbleau^
ore sufficient proofs of this.

^< The battle of .Marengo is generally instanced as the one in
which Napoleon ahewed the greatest personal coacage^ but this
^-atatement neither agrees with the account ffivea by his valeti
hoc by Monsieur Gaillais. From the work of the last-men-
^ned g«ntl«9uui, entitled filistoire de Dix huit Brumaire/

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I skatt teUiRc& kietr l|nc» m the suluect,<»f Uiifc bott^ * * Aab
pointe du JQjitf lea Autrichi/eDJ^ €D«ameiicereDt I'attaqpie, dabiial
asaez knteiuent, plus vivement eusuite, ct enfin avec une i^
furie que Ics Fraiicais furent cofouces de tous cot^s. Dans ce
iuoment affreux ou les iiiorts et les mou rants jonchaihnt la Jbtm,
le premier Consul^ plac^ au milieu de sa garde, semblalt ixnolttli-
ahle, insensible, et comme frapp^ de la fbudre. Vaineinait la
^eneraux lui depechaient toup sur cotip Icurs Aidea 4e-CUqf^
pour demander des secours ; Tainement ies Aidefi-fle Caiapaflili*
daSent 1e^ ondres; il nVn-donnait attmae$ fldMiaait A fCtaii
fti^e de la vie. Plnsieure penaerent qoe doyat la battaiDc pv*
doe, il voulat se iaire^uer. D*auties, 9»ec i^aa de w^mm^'^tpm-
suaderent qu'il avoit perdu la t«te> et 4|U'il ae VfoymkL et n'ertfi-
4jut p&M riea de se qui $e dis^U et de ce qui 8e paseaii autoorjie
lui. 1^ GeociHl Bertiiier vint le prier iostaiumenl de ae ic^itr^
au lieu de lui repondre 11 se coucha par terre. Cependant.kP
Francais fuyerent a toutes jambes, la bataOle etoit perdue Itnsqot
tout a coup on c«tendait dire que le General Dessabt ^bri^eaM
une division de troupes fraiches. Bientot apres on le vdit ftr
roitrc lui meme a leur tete ; les fuyards se ralliaient defriet^ sei
^olonnes — ^leur courage est rerenu^^— la chance towmgn to ¥tm-
eais attaquent a leur tour wrec la meiBe tun4 qvTUB a^yift iH
attaqu^-i-et bralent d'ef&cer la honde de knr defiaiw dhi «HliB; •
'' Dessaix fell in this battle, and the whole ^ory of it m
given to Napoleon. The last words of this gaUanrt aaa weft
these : ' t Je meurs avec le regret de n*avoir paa asses Veoa potf
liDLa^patrie.' "

It appears then, after all, that (what we certainly were \
tery prompt to believe) the heroes of Russia, I^rassia, and tae^
tria, were repeatedly out-generalled by a fool, and oat^bAVtd

* *' At broak of day the Austrians commenced the, attack. ,^ BnHj
•nouph, aftcrwafds more briskly, aiid at last with such fut}*, uutt the V

were broken on all sides. At this frightful momeut« When the'<lllbd i(

4yiti{r strewe4 the earth/ the first Consul, place<l in ahe midaft dP-hii<|^iil|
appeared immoveable, inseoaible, 4iiid as if strack by I;huii4er. ,ta vi^Ui
(•euerals scut him their Aides deCanip, oue after another^ W .deiaafil *<**''*
ance. lu vaiu did the Aides de Camp wait his ordere. HegaV^ opdcL ,Bt
scarcely pve si«QS of life. Many thous^ht, that, believhi^ tMe'lMMft )afeC,k
Wished himself to be killed. Others , with more reason, fUdmailni- tftMSelHib
that be had lost all thought, antl that he neither boaMaiirSMr IdMUNM IfM
pr what paascd about him. * G«ueial liertluev came tq l}<^i)C««li9l«| jiplMJl
withdraw; instead of answering him, he*^ lay, down oa the Ooixii^. bw
meantime, the French fled on their best legs.' The battteln i^Ukt^HliSI^J^
dculy we heard it said, that General l>;*»aix was i iiUninr iip hlllif Ui)A tnm
Presently \t€ sa^ 4kiiii appear at« thciv iMftd. ?T ^ Tini'Trrrr witiTTit ftiMwIiir
colnoins. Their AOfwa^e retun)4*^ffNetuue. c|iai|£ea»{;']g^^uy<^
their turn, with the iiaiiie fury with which they had bSa VjjbuStdk
to educe the shamo of t^eir dpfeat inthe n^oftiing.* "'^ *^ ** *•»' "^

t «« i die regtte«D^tlmti!iis?e at^Mimi longTODagfa ftg^idwuiBt.y'^

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ThtoeU in Frdhdi ^

Ijy a cowaf^d! We rniist confess, that not disposed to think so
humbly of our allies, we cherished a highet opinion of out,
enemy. . Unwilh'ng to imagine that they cotild jJossibly be de-
/eated, iexcept by a most jiidicipus and intrepid opponent, wq,
concluded that, as a soldiery Napoleoij was greatiy able, and •
unboundedly courageous. But if the Duke of WelliDgton's ex-
salted praise was, as it seems, unfounded, his Grace's commen-
datiw would derive little sanction from ours ; we shall^ there-
lure, leave it to posterity to decide^ whether the Engfish com^*
nander was, or was not, destitute of military judgment, — ^the
Ffeneh Emptor without skill smd cotitage.
• Out author, in proof of the goodness of Napoleon'^ police/
tells tis that it was fortned upon the s^ame plan aS that adopted
by tlie celebrated Sartint. This leads him to what he calls.
*^ a genuine edition'* of the story, known to many, of the for-
tunate escape of the lace- merchant* We give it in his Owa
words^

*' A irerjr rksh lace*mercha»t, from Brussels, was in the habiC
Itf ODMteiitly frequenting the ftir of St Denis. On these ocea-
lions heiiep&ised to Paris in the public diligence, aceompaoied by-
hia trunks o£ lace; He had apartments at an hotel In the Rde
deft Victoiije, which he had for many years occupied; and to se-
icurc wfaich^ "he used always to write some weeks befbre. An ill-
ness had prevented his riaiting the fair during two years ; on the
third, h^ wrote as nsnal to his landlord, and received an answer,
that the death of the landlord had occasioned a change in the
finn Und teoMits of the hdase; but that he was well known to
them, and that they would keep for him his former rooms^ and
wouM do their utmost to giVe him satisfaction.

" The merchant set out, arrived at the barrier of Paris 5 the
diligence was stopped, and a gentleman whom he had never seen
before accosted him by n^jne, and desired him to alight. The
merchant w;a8 a good deal surprised at this ; but you may judge
of his alarm, whei) he heard an order given to the conducteur to
unloose numbers one, two, three — the trunks, in which was his
whole fortune. The gentleman desired he would not be afraid,
but t^st every thing to him. The diligence Was ordered away>
and the lacc'-merchant, in a state of agony, Was conveyed by hisi
Aew acquaintance to the house of Monsieur De Sartine. H^
^f^im b%an an ennmeration of his grievances, but was oiVilly in-
terrupted by M. De Sartine — ' Sir, you have not much reason to
complain ^ but for your visit to me here, you would have been
sinrde^ tUls night nt twelve.' The minister then detailed to
bhn the plan that had been, laid fbr his murder, and astonlahecl
hhn bf shewing a copv, not only of the letter which he tod
I Citrr. Rbt« Yql.U. December, 181$. 4 H ^

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written to tii|e laodbrd of the hateh bii^t ali^ tte iiimi^r.]
by the laqdloid. Monsieur de Sartine then beffied that he woiiJh|
pla£e the most implicit confidence in him> and reopen in b^i
houfie until he should recover himself from his fri2;bt. Ua
^ould then i^eturn to the coach in waiting, and would be attended
to the hotel by one of his emissaries as valet. The merchant toM
kiffi thai the peodb of the house would not be deceived hy a'
4taui99r, for they were well acquainted with idl his conoerns, sAdr
even with his writing, 'fixamine your attendant/ said M.Di'
Smiine,; *yaa will find hha well instrueted^ and he apeaks your
4Mttt as you dp yourself/ A few queatioiiB coavioeed the mm^
uhant that the minister had made a good sA)f9ileia. M. Oe Se^«
tine thea, described the recejttion he wQuk) uM#t with, the ffoeaaa
he waa to occupy, the pe^ona he should see, and laid d/enwtk dU
Kct ions for his conduct; telling him, at the same time* that if fdi
a lo^s, he should consult his attendant. On his arrival at the ini^
eveiy thin^ shewed the wonderful correctness of the informateiK
His reception was kind as ever. Dinner was served up; and the
merchant, according to his practice, engaged himself till a lat^
hour in his usuii) occupations. The valet played his part to a mi-
uaole« and saw his maaler to bed, aftec repeating to hita th« hi-
atfuctioas of Monsieui De Sartine. The mevohaat, wknmifwdk
lie auppoaed, did net sle^ much. At twelve, a tnp-doer in the
ioor opened gently, and a man ascended into the apartment^ hav^
iiPig a dflxk knthorn in one hand, and in the other .aome firaatt
linga i)f ison, used ioi ga^ag peofle to pieveat their speaking;*
He had just aaeeaded, when the valet kaockad him domk and se*
cured him; the*room wa3 immediately filled itith the offieesa off
the police^ The house had beea survonnded, to preveat eaoape^
andJaaeellar under the kmmq, where the meschanaiMMlalepft, aoA
whflcli eommsnicaled with the tcap-door, weve ibund the mur*
ter, mistress, and all the members of the gang*-*they wete all te«
«unB4.**^

in the preliminary paragraph of our erijtique on thb woric;
we have pronounced it to be Uberal in its views. Our oihjUob
was influenced by the impartial inse[rtion of a few i|nti-deluai\*^
narra^tive^j similar to the following twOf

'^ Let m proceed/' sajis our travellei^ ^'^1^ thei qh^nctof
of Napoleon. All thq world is. well ap)Uf^at(B4 ^^.)¥^:^^cMla
^ut I am not sure if [^^0 n^ rea4tw 4iW h^fi aC ^ vlitanji
of hia, bitving sh^wn thai he f«tt.«0,aiflBiaft. Th^^wolqlkimy
tetanofii are aothenticw

''.After the eaphm of Bedhi, the oemaHUHi ef 4ht titK <Mi
nivflDL to one of the Vrusanti gencmla^ irhd hadiSMont^Mtjr'to
Be^m^rte. This oScer betntredhia trust, and oomniuaiq^teAtsi
the King of Finssia all ttoJsfpirofttioa whifih.lM^obtainpdiaf Jljtva

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lfjfflk9»% o|. the 9i«9cb 9BnQf4 BonapBTte obtaiiiad su&dent froot
hi hi^ cnnie« by inUrcepked ktiere. The officer Mnab at refetcdv «4
»iUtM:y trial waa ordere4^ aodaenleace of death pro&ounecd. Tbci
wik of the oSuxT threw hefself fit the feet 6f BonapaHe, atti^
laplored the life of her huahand. He was touched, and draxUioy
Hit froDi his packets the lettan which proved the or ime, he ibtlif
Jien to pieCes» sayings that in thus deatroyia^ the proofs of hi0
jpai)t, he deprived hiznst'lf of the power ofafterwardd ptenhing
i* IChz officer waa inunediatflly released.
« /^ The other instance is of an extraordioalry natatc, wA ia tbili
peiUted by hia valet: it happened while he was with iht araay la
iigfpU ' * On etait a deux lievx de Kaminjeb. Le (leMrai all
wilieu deaon etat nMiior> faisait route auivi d'nne dpqafintahle d6
p^rdes k cheval. Arrive ^.cet endnnt 11 fit Ihiiis fadte. On etait
tatiipi^ Chacun se mit h Tombre autont que eeia s^ poilTast. Imb •
SeneraL senl se promenait d*UQ air somcieux. Trdis mhtatefe «p«%«
W»«0 219 le vimes plus. Un petit bosquet notts le eaoMt. Ttfat k
»>np je Tentends m'appeller par mon iioni> aureinont )»firdM|M
'etaia le plus proche de hiK Aa plutot je me suis h dourir, ileax

iiai.i !■ ■ *!■■ I ,U a rf) I ■ I ■■'l* ■ .. Ji ■ .1 till <■ I »tilth

* '• WW were two leogutt distant htrkk Kiihime^. The O^iSerak karthed hi
Oie atiddittof bis tiaff^ foUowed by ab^iit Aftj gaartU on horWKbildk* Afritnetf Ht
that pl«c«, ht made us halt. We were auch f atlguedi and each oaf»piaoedbinH
self ^ nouch in the shade as lie could. The Gcueral, alouc, walked about with f
thbttehtfbl a!r. About three minutes afterwards we no lon^r saw htm, a
ibmU} fltaip af b«Mbes cbbcealed Mm !-'M>f a sudden^ I heard myself called hf
layoiame, evklcotly becaute I was ike neamat to him. I ran taMUediateljTf aba
two persons ibUowed me» one uamad Talbot, the other HafuUlot ) Hie ttrat a
limple guard, and the second truuapetcr to the regiment : both of these are
f^ alxvc, and utfe U in Paris. Arrived near the Ceneral, h6 clemanded if I
badajAy mditty) on my replyfMm the afilrmative, he desired metofollotf
turn : the two ^uaMt folkMreil also. At ten naces beyond tba ettineiiioK M«r4
tour or five little huts, into one of which Napuleon entered theimt. We taiw^
ya entering, a sick woman lying un a kind ot mat spread on some sort of leaves^
which made a g^eat nois<i when she moved. She had for covering a piece of coi-
ton elotb of the parent white ; evtry tbiiig in the room shewed poverty, yet ev^
thing was clean beyond description. Near the bed of the aiiek pet%on was a
prl about 15 years old, who, thouzh brown, was as beautiful at possible. 9ba
nad not £m dir of astonishment ; she viewed the General from head to foot. Ha
tsked bM; if I spoke her jsrg\^ ; as i replied no, ReguiUbt told her, in the lan-
guage of the country, that it was the General-in-Chief to whom she was speak-^
Ing. At these words she smiled, and stretched fonh her arms to him, and
wished to continue in this positfoo, but he WoOkl not iMffisr her. He l^d Ee-
^llot ask some account of herself and of the sick pcrtion. We learnt that
Ihey i^re mother and daughter; that the mother had falfen sick on her soW
leaving, her to follow the troops of the Pacha DJeazar $ that the yottng girl wai
reduced to despair, as »he could no longer procure the help that wte necessary
CO ber mother. Theyloung i^oDian did not well understand what the isdnversar
tlon meant, w«pt, and the tears fbrrowed her checks. The Genetstf then sefzea
her in bit anlis, and kissed ker on the fbrehead ia a most expr^sU^e manner.,
I was extremely surprised, as I had never witnessed any thine Uke tbi# in hiiftf
itevthf n^ asketf m&for my piin»— I gave it him. It contal^d E^ti^ money
agpal to 137 French francs. After having opened kv '^iladut couatiDg i^^ he
AVtt it ]to the girl, who immediat^y <^>ene(d it wiihput^^ereitiDny. At the ^hfi
0r the gold, the lovely creature uttered a shoiit of joy, let fall the purse, and
Mi^%»4HMi^k of>M 0«ikdb(l>«Sibrabhi^ hhn ckMCfy."^

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61 f fVavek in jFVami^.

penonoes me soiveiit, Tuti est nomln^ Talbdt, TaiiM ^i^ppfi^
Rsguillot ; le premier pimple garde, eC le second trompecce all
meme regiment. Ces deux personnes yiTest encoi^ et uu&vntitt
eox est k Paris* Arriv^ pres du General, il me demande si jilrraif
de Vargent ? Sur ma reponse qui j'en ayais, il me dit de le suivre :
Les deux gardes suivent de me. A* dix pas plus loin qiie la petite
eminence, etaient trois ou quaire petite chaumieres, dans Tune
desqueiles Bonaparte entra la premier. Nous vismes en entraai
une femme malady, couch^e sur une espece de natte entendde sttr
des feuilles qui faisaient beacoup de bruit quand la malade se re-
muait. Eljle avalt pour couverture un mor^eau de toile de cotoo
li'une blancheur parfaite. Tout dans cette chaumiere exprimait
rindigence* Mais tout aussi etait d*iine proprete au dela de tonte
expression. Pres du lit de la malade etait un fille d*environ quinze
ans, quoique brune, elle etait autant belle qu'on peut etre. £2Ie
n^avait point Tair etonne ; elle considerait le General de ta t^te an
pieds. II me demanda alors si je parlais un peu son patoi? ; j'al-
Jais lui dire que non, quand Reguillot se mit k dire k la jeune fille
en langue du pays, que c'etait le General-en-Chef II qui elle par-
lait. A' ces mots, elle sourit et lui teudit les bras. Elle aJlait
continuer, le General ne voulait la sou^'rir, mais il charge ReguiHot
delui demander des details sur le malade et sur elle meme. Nous
apprimes que c'etait la mere et la fille, que la mere etait tomb^e m^r
lade depuis que son fils unique avait suivi les (ro^ipes. da Paclia
pjczzar, que la jeune fille etait au desespoir de ne pouvoir plus pn>-
i^urer k la mere les secours dont elle arait besoin. La jeune fille
qui se doutiiit du siyet de la conversation, laissait voir de grosses
larmes qui lui sillonaient les joues. Le General alors la prjt dans ses
Iras et sa baissa sur le front d'une n^aniere tres expressive. Je
fus extremement surpris, comme je ne fus jamais temoin d^une
parerlle chose de sa part. Alors il me demande ma bourse. Je
la lui donne — elle coutenait en monnaye du pays 127 francs de
yrance. Apres Tavoir ouverte sjins rien compter, il en fit present
^ la fiUe qui sur le champ Touvrit sans fa^on. A' la vue de Tor
qu'elle contenait cette belle personne fit un cri de joie, laisse
tomber la bourse, et saute au cou du General qu'elle embrassf
fortement."

After a general view of the state of France under Napoleon ;
comprising the condition of her agriculture^ her commerce, her
wealth and its division, her religion, and administration of jus-
tice, (in describing which the author is, again, so liberal to the
French Emperor, as to admit that Ms penal code breathei
throughout a spirit of kiumamty)we are presented^ in the cod-^
eluding chapter, with some remarks on the ^* modera French
character and manners.' ■

The motional characteristics chiefly brought forward ia tlus
part of the wor^ are^— a constant disposition to mis^sgM$ ^

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Trm>ek In Frmc9. 6lt

IteumJe^ in the coofenatioD of strangers ; a natural lerity, thai
defies svppresaioQ by itusfortune } in the military, a darfi|
l^oomy, and ferocioiis air ^ in the whole nation, an inordinate
portion of vanity ; in the great body of the people, an ektremi
Ignorance, and an egregious credutity. ^* An instancy of this
latter quality/' says our traveller, *^ occurs to me [to my re*
,collectu)n]j which I witnessed^ while residing in the south ojF
France, ^

" At one of the great fairs where I was present, there appeared
upon an elevated stage an elderly and serious-looking gentleman.
dressed in a complete suit of solemn blacky with a little chiM
kneeling at his feet. ' Messieurs/ said he to the nuiliitude^ and
bowing with the most perfect confidence and self-possession—
' * Messieifrs, o'est impossible de tromper des gens instruits
comme vous. Je vais nbsolument couper la tete a cet enfanL
Mais avant de commencer, il faut que je vous fassc voir que je ne
jsuis pas un charlatan. £h bien^ en attendant et pour un espcoft
d'exorde ; Qui est entre vous qui k le mal au dent ? ' ' Moi,* ex.*
claimed instantly a sturdy looking peasant, opening his iawsj
and disclosing a row of grinders which might have defied a sharlu
' Monsieur, (said the doctor, inspecting his gums), it is but too
true. The disorders attending these small but inestimable mem*
bers, ihe teeth, are invariably to be traced to a species of wonn«
and this the most obstinate, as well as the most fatal species ia
the vermicular tribe, which contrives to conceal itself at the root
pf the affected member. Gentlemen, we have aU our respective
antipathies -, and it is by means of ^these that the most fatal an4
unaccountable eifects are produced upon us. Worms, gentlem^ea,
have also their prevailing antipathies* To subdue the insect, w«r
):^ave only to become acquainted with its disposition. The worm^
sir, at the bottom of your tooth, is of that faculty or tribe whicb
abhors copper. It is the vermis^ halcomisicus, or cffpper-hatiijg
^orm. Upop placing this penknife in the solution contained ia
this bottle,' (continued he, holding. up a small phial which con-
tained a green-coloured liquid), ' it is^ you see, immediatelf
changed into copper.' The patient then, at the doctor's request,
approached. A female assistant stood between him and th9
crowd, and in a few minut:s the tooth was delivered of a worait
Which, from its size, might have given the tooth-ache to theDra*
goo of Wantley,

* Wlio swaUow'd the Mayor asleep in his chair.
And pkk'd his teeih with the mace."

'«* #»>■ ■'»■->■ III .111^ I I III lit* . I . i^.. ■■ ,m I ■■ ■tiyir

4 '* Ge&thmtik,it is impeiuble todeoaiYepertuni enli^tenadas 74m !■*;
I am absolutely goings to cut off the head of thU child. But peSorc comaMoa-
iii|;,I mn&t let you <;ee that I am no (|uack. Well, in the meantime, 4s aa
'^tordHim, Who in there among: yoU ivho has the tooth-ache ?* * I,* cxdaioiel
iaitfloU^r Jb.stiird5 peanauti 4tc^?

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/

** The peMaat ikdared he felt w m«^.{iniQ|«»d the eroiiidl«M>

gerly pressed forward^ (with the e&cep^n, «^ XMf. Mteveb-iif
.tne copper-smiths amoxigst the audiejice)» and fmrchiiaetV Ckci lMt-»
ties containing this invulauble preschption.'*

The sMhtyr, tetumlng to hfs catalogue of Prencfe pecuEari-;
tlfes, *)es not bmft that of vermtilityj or universal love of
thange : fetiiale superficiality ; competence and c6nt€Dt of the
peasantry ; addiction, in all ranks, aod at all places, to dancing;
and the general propensity to talk, and to act, in jnMic.

Aftet one or two samples of this preTailiog taste for |iif6-
fkitj/i we read —

** But theW is yet another exhitition here (at Paria) #hi^ i»
at once the tnost sin^Iar in this nature^ and which shevs, in the
it^ty strongest light, this general deep-set passion in the French^
lor the creatibn of what they imagine the necessary effM wfakh
imglit to be attended to in every thing which is displayed in pnb-
lie, f iftean that extraordinary exhibition which they term the
catacombs. These catacombs are large subtemineous excava^
tions, which stretch themselves to a great extent under Fans ;
and which were originally (as we were informed) the quarricS
Which furnished the stones for bvildiftg the greater paH df that
capital. You arrive at them by descending, by tott^h lights a ttkr-
foVf winding stair, which strikes perpend iculariy hato the booftdl
Of the earth -, and which, although its height is not above sevei^
feet, leads you to a landing-place so da^k and dismal, that it mighl
he a^ well in the centre of the earth as so near its surface. AfW
WtAktngfor a Considerable time through dififerent obscure suhter*
ranean streets, you arriire at the great stone gate of the catacoauba,
ftbove which you can read by the light of the torches, ' the Habk
Hrhdn vf the Dead: On entering, yon l^n^ yt>urself hi a darlc vnii
hall, supported by broad stone pillars, with a low archdd r6<it, tiM
farther end of which is hid in complete obsdtiHty : bfat "Aie tj'^ifii
of which (as they are illaminated by the livid and feebk l^eanraf
the torches) are discovered to be completely formed of htnniflt
hones. All this, as &r as 1 have yet described, — ^fhe sufataitateaii
streets which you traverse, — ^the dark gate of the gireajk hftl^ tfn^
Which yoo read the simple bat solemn inscripl^i^cTrM^ ttt
iflobtn and i^ilence of the chambers, whose walls you discayer ta^.-
be famhhed in this terrible nranner, Is ntted to pro^^uce ^naoii >
deep and powerful eflect. To find yourself the only liring oemg^ ,
surrounded on €n^iBry Me by thedeifti^ to be the oillV thing thaf/
possesses the consciousness of existence, whilst millimis of tfibs^ ' ,
who have once been as you are — ^mfltlons of all ages, fh^Ifr^^iflS*
faM who has only lodced In upon this world, in its innocent road
to heaven, to the aged who has fkllen in the fullness of yean—
and >vhit5t millions of th» *yoiip^/ imJ "ihe gsy, and the t>eauii£hl
of the centuries which have gone befbre, Ue all ooU and aUeai

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TVaveU in France. 61$

mnmoAjWL-^i l» inpoisiUe tftat these deqp and united leeliftg*
Am»M tloft powerfbtty affisct tlie mind, and should not lead it to
rtvet lis tkocigbts ttpon that last scene, w^h all are to act alone |
and vhere, ia the cold and uaconscious company of the dead, we
are destined to end the strange and eventful history of oiir naftire,
But, unfortunately, the guide, who now approaches yo4i| hisisti
vpon your examining the details, which he conceives it is his
dmty to point out; and it is then that you discover, that this pre-
vailing taste for producing eileot, Uas'lave of the arrangemeats
necessary ta coti^lete ihi^ tpactacl&f has invaded even this sacred
receptacle. The ornaments which he points oitH^ and which are
curiously framed of the whitest and roost polished bones ; litUe
ahars which are finuoaed of the same materiala in the comcM ef
the ehambsrSy and which are crowned with what the artists hav«
i^yaagin^ the handsomest skuUs,; and th^ frequent poetical quiH
tffjagnSj which, upon a nearer viewr, yo^ di^eei^n upoDi th« Miattaft
all this, in the very worst style of fVench taste» evipces.th^t.tbi
same unhallowed hands which had dared to violate, the moi^Un
ments of their heroes^^have not scrupled to intrude their pcesi^p^^
iuous and miserable efforts^ even into the sanctuary allotted (o th% '
favimbler dead."

S^ fof these aumadwMNit-iieof aeart; not very iniBcafiv^
^£tlpie Hwrejlidieed and lAesd feeling fov which w« ha:ve given
QUt ImleMi eaedit. At consicioiiB himself of this digression
frfum allr fw^tuMt colourings, and pevhapa from the strict lia«
^bvcMNcItyi he has fettad it difficult to Desist the claims of joa**
tli09* ti^QCCy no donbf^th/3 following paUiadoa o£ hk eaUeiidrf
reprobation of French ^2{ie« and Fronch imquitie$* <

*^ Afcetbavulg given such a piotore of tbegBomdtflateof
i^Vciddit wckHif, aa we have pBcaented. in this chsj^tary it wonhl
iM^iii^ily .unjust'' (.we thsaLwith thewriler) ^Hl wedid nol
m^^lpiV ^lat we found nuai^ eoHXfMmi* That) we met wKb
BimvaFyiBtdligeal men, of libeni education^ and gentle^*
vmnilQC cca«I«ici; and that in the* town where we resided, and '
ifida^ gaiusiaiiyiwmg'iH» ttmAy we espericnoed nmck h^sn
pMily and UadMss/'

.%lial:iiatiea which, treats with hogfUalily and kmdnem tha
peo^tawhcne government they chiefly owe the kaa oi this
fd^'Mto ot ^ patriotic struggle o£ moce than a q«attf»«of ■
nenlDiljt, muajt posse9a a eodlifce spint Mii: forgixMiDesa ; m apeeiet
nfchM^^ tbat^ of alLolhen, k beat qoalifisd to coffer »«i|iM-
tudfeqf jjna, ...

59a

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X

X

. [ 6« ]'

JiutLVl.-^J PfiKtical Tyea^te om OaM^I^k$r^MUing tf 'nmmoff

.« Df0SripimkoftheJppafwtu$ and Madiimry bett eaktUatedJ^r iite^

inimating Streets, limi€$f^md MtamfdatormivMh Ctfrlaneltai Hf^

,, «{it^^ or Qkol-Gas: wUh Remarkt. <mi the UtUUy, St^kli^ ^ad
. gfnerai NcUure of tins new . Bra^h (^ GoU Eeomom§, J% Jtm»^

^H}]>jKRici^ AccvM^ Operative Ckemut; Lecturer on JPraetital Gb^

^ 9i'utry, on Mineralogy, and on Chemistry applied to <A6 jdbis mad

. Manufactures; Member of the Royal Irish Academy, oftkeJJnn^an

Sodeiy ; Metnher of the Royal Academy of Sciences of BerUa^ 4r<r.

*• Ire. With coloured Plates. Second Edition^ stereotypoi.
. AdbLermadn. 1815.

OnboC the chief nvitives for our preeettlii^ a i«fiew ef diil
KAume \ODwt re«der»is the daily ibensaflfakigf intenM i^tbe mAn
j«ct, both ID a philoMphkai^aiidecoiioiiiiotil pc^intof i/ie;Wi*%mA
b thr impoiittiDce we attach to the utility of d^om|i^Ai$ |A^
eoal^ tfaaA 'we consider the invention, from' th^ various ailihse'
queht benefits which it embraces, as one of the flfst'tfa^tihadte
ID this age of chemical discoveries* For' it has long been al-
lowed, that two of the highest gratifications to the senses of
mankind exist in the most e0ectual mode of produrin^ light
and warmth. Yet, althoagh every individual is eootnmslly sen-
iiUe of these grateful properties, and akihougk the' principles
«f caloric and light have been long known to«ci«Mife mett^
whien in combination with inflamisable materials? yet- Ikil
«arburetted hydrogien or coal-gas, separated from its gnesar
tioDfiots, has never been convertedy until faUe years, te tiM
useful purposes of domestic li£e. • *

kmay be lecoUected by om- readeis that Iitde'Was4cOO^of
fhechenical qualities of diat oongiegation of atoftH( whiril 49
denominated atmaspherio sir, previous to the seventoetilllr'leett^
tury^ including all that Loni Bacon and the Hooi' Mft iftowM
have wrote upon the subject; but it appears in the Phil^sopU*
hak Tiansactiotts, vol. xii; that bo early as the ytHur^lTW*^
paper was presented to the. Boyal Society by fil^'^'CHsg^toi^
recotding some experiments, from which it ajppeai^ liMlit tlfis*lim
tiate cf^^ial^gaswas known at'tliatixridd tobs isAlMUtUsN-^
for the Dtoeter obtained, by distillation of/ N[eweasile-^cQ«ly-«
Usokic^lf an aquedu&fiuid, and an utflammAie gas 'iMrlUBI^^ic
oaugb^ in bladders, and was cmtbkd byiprickiog ir-Hl^ -iaMM
the gssiat'.pleaaure^ . Aboirt tfaesame time ifr wis )mimm 9f
that emment experimentalist, Dr* Hales, that pt|-Ooal,&^talP
mitted to chemical examination^by nieans of ignition, becsBike
volatilized in the form of an inflammable vapour. ' Hence tte
discovery of the inflmmaUe natnrr of C0ld*gS8 can no Kirtgdr^
be claimed by any person now livings. • ■ ^ . . j ^

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atom's neaHae m Gas-Ughi^ eif

The pGesMit£UH)p of Landaff; so jitt% octebmtod for lib
chemical labours, eKamined the natune of th»npooT waA 'ga^
taous products which are evolved daring the dittiliatioit of
|at-coai. - So early as the year 1/^7 this learned philosopher
noticed 'that the volatile product is not only inflammable as it
issues from' the distiilatory vessel, but that it' also retails ita
inflammability after having been made to pass through vmteTf
and suflered to ascend through highly curved tabes.

The other matters obtained by this sdentiiSc prelate were^ aa
aqueous ammoniacal fiuid> a tenacious oil like tar, aod* spungy
coal or coke. Here are the testimonies of three celebrated ex-
perinientalisis, that, the produots from the distillation, of pit^
coal weve perfectly knawn aoany yeara bade, aHhougk the ap**
plication of the gas was not theft directed tathe identieal vata
iwhich at present signaUzse the iUnmdied stveett of Loodbn.* /

- It waa<aAout the year llJ2 when that shrewd phikitl>plftR>
Xk. Pries^Iy> published his three volumes on difierent kindatof
airs, and it was in< that publicatioiv that the doctrine and ipao^
pecties of tnany gazeoiis products were illustrated by .a setieaof
•iperimeDlSy md with a predaion, which have added so miseli
to our present chemical knowledge. We presume that that
htminous' work.contriblited to dispel the ofaicurity of all pre-
vioua poeumatie theories, and immediately lad the intelligeiil
French philosopher, Lavoisier, to the various experiments oa
Ipasses^ which hecame the . fotuidation «f. those principles 'that
ultimi^ly diatiofpiishcd the edifymg works of that emment phi^
losopher.

* It waaiOitiie year* 1 792- diat- a aeries of further experijnetots
iqpoa.tk04|uaiitityaiid.C]|ualify'Of gassea contained in different
auhstaMeawaa entered into by Mr. Murdoch, of Redfuth, in
the oennl^ of iJarnwal.

In the course of these experiments be remarked that the 'gas
«btuiiedby.diatUlatk>ii of coal, peat wood, and other inflam-
mabletsubatances, biffut with great Imlliancy upon being set
fire tai aiMt it oc^ined to him that by confining and conduct"*
in^titthpoaigih tttbes> it might be used aa an economical snb^
atibito tot Jampa . and candlea. The diatiUation was performed
in iron retosta^ aaid theigaiiGondueted through tumed-^iroBr and
fapliiaitiibei^ atnetckiDg #o the distanee of 70 fect« At this
tsfanwatiob) aa^ywaU aa^.intermediate points,, the gas was set
fiie4ovaaiK^plMaedtilinH%ltraipaituKeaQfdiiib^ and

forms, purposely varied with the view of* ascertaining which
wMiiMmttJieaii inaoai^thegasissued thronghanumlbef
ef /a«nallik6teajike the head of a watering pans in othersi it wan

- CiuratiBMr. Vxnu U. I>wniw^ 1815. ... . 4 1 . i '

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«Ift Adam's TVaatwn m ^Stu^'J^gU.

liyKOwh due m'AJbxa \cAg sheets, and again in others in cncqibir
«iici^ mfon the prmcipfe of Argand's lamp.

. Ba§$'of leather and of yarnished stik, bladders and vessels of
tuitiM iron, were filled with the gas> which was set fire to, and
carried about from room to room, with a view of ascertaining
hd^fiarit could be made to answer the purpose of moveaUe
^nd taans^rable li^ht. Trials were likewise made of the dif-
ferent quantities and qualities of gas produced by coals of va*
lioivi . tfesdnptipns, such as those of Swansea, Newcastle,
Sbwipshiiie^i Stafcrdshire, and some kinds of Scotch coals.
- In the year ];798 he constructed an apparatus at Soho foim^
dery, which was appUed during many successive nights to the
Hgktiii^ of the taildio^, wlien the experiments upofi diftreni
■ apertures wete vepeated upon a iaxi^e scale.

Various methods were also practised for wasliiim;: and puri-
fying the air to ged rid of the smoke and soiell. These expe-
riments wnre oontinned with occasional intermittens, isntil the
ep9Qh of the peace of 1802, when the iUumination of the Soho
Inanulaetory affofded an opportonity of making a public dbr
play of the new lights ; and they were made to constitute a pm-
c^nd feature in tl^t exhibitk>n.

it was in fhe yeais 1803 and 1804, when Mt. Whnsor exbi-
hited the general nature' of the new mode of illumination; but
the nlanner of using his machinery for procuring, and the plan
of purifying, the gah, he kept seeret. He conducted the gas
thi^xui^ the hobse, and supplied varims dc^vicea of lao^,
chandeliers, &c.

• Mr. Winsor likewise shewed by (e^cperiments 'that the >ftyne
6f the gas-light produced no smoke; that it WflUipcsllier ao
dangerous as the flame of candle^ or lamps ; diat it anmU not
emit sparks, and that it was not so readSy ^ellaguisiMd \tf
gusts of wind or torrents of vwL >.-^

It was( not until the month oi May, 1^14, that Mr/ Winkr
look out a patent for combining the savings; and puriiying of
infiammable gas, (for producing light and heat), by blinding
ammonia, tar, and other products of pit^coai in th^ mamif^e-
iure of a fiuperier kind of coko. Be afterward took out* aabond
paitewt fbr'ftirther imprdveiaenta in thoie ]
' We shall now" ^r^t the #eiidei^s olteMN
to the sentiments of Mr. Aiu»m, 'whee&
have done him S6 much crefit, a»4 wtyeh AM w«ilr{llDMrD|' m%
prewime^ to many of our chemakralftimdr.-' > '^•'/jc^ti .f ^nti .
' Those geotlem^n who are desirous of hein|[^ a^cyrtdiitdNiMi
«M ^parataa &xr osnytng the gas-light iUuibiytfMirMfiiBncV
will find in^tke present vobuwa iw#tfMiK^^£llilS4ii^

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Acorn's Dmihe ra' Gak-Iigki. OCW

iefh^ OTerchilrged tteith^r with n dbptay tiF iiMriti nr d«f^M.
The numerous points ftnd Yadous facts which Ate coW^cfed «i
the subject, m^III arrest the chemist's attention, und Jhdtice him
*to confess that they add to the genetal ^tdck df bhemiwl
Ivnowledgc. * * •

It will be unnesessary to offer rcmarlcs upon mdny bf the
leads gf this. Treatise. Yet, as there are some tabular views
•calculated for domestic purposes, with comparisons^ )ihe coiir
sumption of tallow and oil, in competition with cDal g^;"We
« shall abstract such of these as appear most interesting^ and io»-
tersperse a few of the author's sentiments en th^ ic^t nseAil
and familiar topics.

Befbre the nature of gas-lijfht is cotwldefed, if rfia^ il6l We
perfectly uAacceptaUe to jjive a Kttle sketch df thft theory aftd
action of the common means employed for supplying light, tvith a
few facts connected with the artificial production and distfibtftioa
of fight. This will enable us to better understand, the nature
of the new system, which it is the object of Mr. Accum^s boo^
to explain. This we shall do in the words of our axithon

'. ''When a candle," he says, *' is for the first time liglrted, a
degree of heat is given to the wick, stiflieient first to loMtf and
next to decompose the tallow surrounding its Iow«r sforhBc^} and
just in tliis part the newly generated gas and ^fttpcmrAs, by adMiiCf-
tunr witir the lfir>' converted into a blue ilamii, which almost in^
stsntaaeously e»eom)Midsing the wbols bodyof 'the tap^ov, eom-
-municatds so much heat to it as to make it emit a yellowish
'White fluM-^itoe tallow now liquified, as fbst' as it boils awmy at
the top of the wick, is by the capillary attntwiioa of the same
'wick.dfiiwnup^ to supply the place of what is eonsumed by the

. ^«otU>D. The congeries of capillary tubes, whittfa form the wick is
blafik, because it is converted intacoal, a circumstance common
to it with aU other vegetable and aiiimd productions, wheir part
of the CaA)on and hydrogen which enter -intotheir com)io6ltl(m,
haviagt been acted on by combustion, the remainder and other
fixed palits are by any melins whatever dovtfed and doAiscied
frbm the^action T>f the air.

^ Itf 'Ais e^e ' die bumisg subttanee o^vies its prot^ei^n to
the simipmM^iig'flMne- For when a widk, byth^ebntiiiiial wasli-
yi^4»f lliietaHAw,> beeomes too loog to support itself in a perpen-

i'iSuvtm silutttion; the top of it projects out olP the cone formed by
the flame, mid thus beis^ exposed to the action of the air, is ig^
-nited, loses its blackness, and is converted into ashes: but that
jfBtt of the combustible, which is successively rendered rohitile

. feV the heat of the flame^ is not all burnt, but part (Vf it escapes ih
■ifie fonn of smoke through ,th« middle of th^flams^beeause ttuit

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part drni^ot eome into contact with'the cdtygen of tiie suimuuJtMg
atmosphere: hence it foIlowB, that with a Urge wick and a Uerg^
flame^ thia waste of combustible matter is proportionately nMck
greater than witti a small wick and a small flame; in fad, » net
greater than a simple thread or cotton, the flame, thoQgh TCf^
small^ is peculiarly bright and free f^om smoke: whereas lampli
with very large wicks, such as are suspended before bntdfeeri'
flhops, or with those of limiplighters, the smoke is very offensive^
and in a great measure eclipses the Ught of the flame.

*' A candle diflfers from a lamp in one more essential ciiciiBi*>
stance, viz. that the oil or tallow is liquified only as it comes i«to
fthe vicinity of the eombustion, and this fluid is icttLhied in the
hollow of the part which la still concrete, and ibrmS'B kind of cap.
The wicky therefore, should not^ on this account, be too thin ; be-
^cause, if this were the case, it would not carry off the material as
'fast as it becomes fused, and the consequence would be, that it
would gutter or run down the sides of the candle ; and as thas m-
' convenience arises from the Visibility of the tallow, it is plain that
a more flisible candle will require a larger "wick, or* tliat th«
'tt^ick of a wax eandle may be made thinner thah that of ont of
tallow*: The flame of a tallow candle will of course be yrMcm,
smoky, and obscure, except for a short time after snuffing.

w. When a candle with a thick wic*k is first lighted, and the
^ "wick* snuffed short, the flame id perfect and luminous, unleaa ils
'diameter be very great; in which case there is an opaque port in
the middle* where the combustion is impeded Ibr want of air. As
the wick becomes longer, the interval between its upper extra-
.n»ity and the apcK^of ths flame is ditaMwhed $ aad> oonnegpirntly,
the tallow which issues from that extremity having a leas apace
Af igai^ioa to pass.through, is less- completely burnCed^aad passos
off piwrtly in smoke.

'* The evil increases, until at length the upper extremity of the
wick projects beyond the flame, and forms a support for an accii^
SQulation of soot, which is afforded by the imperfect combustioil,
and which retains its figure until, by the descent of the flame, the
external air can have access to the upper extremity : but in this
case the requisite combustion, which might snuff it. Is dot effect-
ed; for the portion/of tallow emitted by the long wick uiDt cmly
too large to be perfectly burned, but also carriea off' nmoh iOif the
-heat <0f iiia flaaler while it assumes the elastk; states By this- dt-
sainished combustiDa Imd incKeased aiiux of hatf-dnQamywuid afl,
a portion of coal or soot is deposited on the upper > pact of Ihe
wick» which graduidly accumulates, and at length a^mmet the
appear^ce of ft fungus. The candle then does not give moce
/than one-tenth of light which the due combustion of its mate-
rials would produce, and on this account taDotv candles require
continual snuffing. But if we direct our attention to a wax
ipa^dle, Yf^ find t&t; ts it9 wick kn^hens^ the light ind^i be*

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eemes lew } the wisk, bowever> belng^thin and flexible^ does hf4
long occvpy.its place in the centre of the flame ', neither does it^
even in thiat situation^ enlarge the diameter of the flame^ eo as to
prevent the access of air to its internal part. When its length is
too great for the vortical position^ it bends on one side ; and its ex-
tremity coming in contact with air is bqrned to ashes, except such
a portion as is defended by the continual afflux of melted wai^*
-which is volatilized and completely burned by the surrounding
flame. Hence it appears that the difficult fusibility of wax ren-
4ters it practicable to burn a large quantity of fluid by means of a
small wickj and that the small wick, by turning to one side ii^
consequence of its flexibility, performs the operation of snuffing
itself in a more accurate manner^ than can ever be performed me-
chanically.

*^ From the above statement it apqwars, that the important ob«
ject to society of rendering tallow candles equal to wax, docs not
at all depend on the combustibility of the respective materialsi
but upon c% mechanical advantage in the cup, which is afforded by
the itt£eiior degree of fusibility in the wax, and that in order to
obtain this valuable ol^ect, one of the foliowing effects must be
produced ; either the tallow must be burqed in a lamp to avoid
the gradual progression of the flame along the wick -, or some
means must be devised to enable the can41e to snuff itself as the
wax candle does $ .or the ^]low itself must be rendered less fusibia
4»y some chemical process. The object is, in a. commercial point
of view, eotitted to assiduous and extensive investigation.'*

' Chemieta in geiKftnl suppose the hardaesa or less fusibility of
wax to arise ftom oxygen*

After stating the manner in wliich luminoos bodies pradiloe
light by the common mode^ we shall offer a few observations
on the new art of procuring artificial light, which consists in
jt^urning the gasepus fluid obtained by distillation from common
. pit-coal, which at present engages the attention of the public
under the name of goi-Ught.

• The Legislature has given encouragement to this system of
ligliting^ and it is sufficiently known that a Company has been
incorpdrated by charter, under tlie name of the Gas- Light and
Ccike Compa/mfy who are permitted to apply this new art by
way of experiment, on a large scale, in lighting the streets of
thi^ mfetropoliii,
'As the apparent success of this Company may excite appre-
lien^iQi;! In respect to the ability of Great Britain to render the
neC(Ei^sary supplies of coals, hqw that tjhey are to be used for
light ^twell as heat, we shall extract tlie following statement
pf tho 8t^ of cpal miaes from the River Tyne and Wear
pnly. ' .

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'' Ut Ttmk 4^e peaHi9 af> OmA wbMi «tf€ turn ^rarked at Newv
c^tle .and SuiulerLMK!> «ure ^q^ to a seam or bed of 15 miles hf

SOmiks. M

. '' 2d. That this se^m on an average is ai least four fbet tkick^

*\ Sd, That one-sixtk part of the abore exteot is snfficient for
pillars to support the. roofs of Ute mine.

And 4th. It appears by expehmfiiit^ that a Ctthie yard of ooal
weigha one toa> or 20 cwt«

Lwidof Cfaaldni*.
*' The total consumption of coal from the Rivers Tyae l a «>j-^ ^^^

and Wear known from the registers to be • j ' •*
'*' The number of tons in the aLove quantity^ taking- \ ^ ,-^ ^^^^

the London chaldron at 27 cwt is -» - . S^^^^^^^

" Now a ton weight of coal is estimated to occupy
in the earth the space of a eabic y^nd^ *

'* ,The number of cnbic yards in a sqtfOTC nrf!^' is * - $,Od}',CJpO

•• The beds of scams of coal are upon an average fours
feet and a half in thickness^ which inereases the r , 540 ma
above number of cubic yards in the square mile by r*"^ '*'**'
half the number of square yards, t6 - - J

♦* And hence the square mile of the beds or seams of y
coal we are describing, contains of cubiq yards and >4,W5,000
and ton? of coal - • - . - J

^ A dedtiction of on^-sixth for pillars to support the \ gg^^jg^

We have mentioned the length and breadth of the seams of
eoal to be equal to 2d mil^ by 15, ifiirfdng ari area of 900
square miles, and consequently a source of consumptioD^ fdt
the spafe of 3^5 years* ' ' «

Aa Mr. Accum observes, hothkig cad be more perfeetly de-
void of common sense, 'ti'^isteAii Add slovenly^ thaft the nmnner
in which chimneys^ under wliich coab are burnt^ afe ankAeged
by servants.

'' They throw on a load of small eoais at owm, through viliich
the flame is hours in making, ita way ; and frequently ii i^ not
without much care and trouble that tjbe Are is prevented going out*
During this time no heat is conuaunicated to the room; and
what is still worsen the throat of the chimney being oecupied
iSaerely by a heavy dense vapour, not possessed of any heating
power^ and consequently not haying much elasticity* the wanin
air of the iipom firtds less difficulty in forcing it^way up tbe chim-
ney and escaping, than when the ^re burns bright* and the coal is
ignited -, and it happens not unftiequehtly, especially in chimneys and
firc'-plaee^ ill constructed, thai this current of Warm air from the
room, which presses into tha chimney, crossing upon the current
of heavy smoke and aqueous vapour^ ivhich escapes slowly from

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tfae.fU)e» o|l»«tn|tcU it in ito 8tc«til, a»d b^tts it l^aek int6 the room*

Hence }t i« that chimaeyd sq often smoke when too large a quan^
tity of ifresli coals are put on thp fire. So many coals should ne-
ver be put on the fire at once, as to prevent the free passage of
the flame between thera, or tp prevent them becoming quickly
heated, so as to give out the carburetted hydrogen gas, which
they are capable of furnishing, and to cause it to be inflamed.
In short, a nre should never be smothered; and when attention ii
paid to the quantity of coals put on, there is little use for the
poker, and' this cireud^sitafiee Wffi eontribote much to cleanliness
and preservation of furnitiim^ .

From th«$e principles it may be collected how very nece83ar7
it Is for the purposes of domestic qonvenience that fires should
be properly attended, especially in houses wkici\ hate many
fis^s md use large quantities of ^soalsj that edl of them should
be under, thf): direction of om^XBoo, wlio if^ould very rarely
have occasion for the use of a poker, and would apply coals
very sparingly, which would always preserve a clear fire ; and
lliat DO other person m tlie parlouri or from the kitchen, should
be suffered to touch shove;!, tongs, or poker. lv\ a paper, called
Uie Plain Dealer, tlie* author spe$ks so s^propriat^ly oa tho
9«ibject, tliat we avail ourselves of^fk brief .quotation frotm bim«
H^ a^s^rtfi, there IS nothing that . ma^eft a human being oKwe
ridiculous than attempting to stir a fire without judgment^
to prevent wImcU he lays do^o the foUowiog rules««^

. " 1st. Stirring of a fire may have its use where it mak^es a hol-
low/which occasions the air to be rarified by the adjacent heat^
and allows the surrounding air to rush into the hollow, which giv-
ing Iffe and 'support to the fife, 'tt cajries the flame with it.

" Wly. Never stir af^re when ffWh coals are laid on, particu-
laily whiett'they are very small', bedAuse they immediately fall Into
the hollow piftce, and therefore niiri Che- fire.
• '* Sdly. Always keep the bottom bant dear.

*' And 4thif. Never btgia* to slir Ihe fire at the top^ unless
when t)^ W)t|;Qi0^ m ^ulte die«ff^ aftd the top only wants breaking.**

• .ir" *
. ^.wela^ve^eeu ]vvhat is necessary to the production and
gen^j^atioa of radiant heat, it ccBmns to determine how tho
greatest proportion generated and sent off from the fire ij\
all diivctioDs, may be made to enter the room and assist, to warm
U« Now » the rays which are thrown off from bumiog fuel
bave these properties — that they] genei^te heat on](y when aod
where t^hey ^re stopped or abs^bc4i and that they reflect heat
Sf^i^ the f iirf^ces of variavs It^A^die^ without generating it, wq
if^ ufji^p^hid \Q,t?ke if^9^ef^^ ^ to procbioe the e^qi fe-,

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ipiired with certainty; that ]s^ for bringing as much mdfamf
heat as possible into the room. The modes of doing this wQJ
))e found amply detailed in this work^ but oar limits prevent us
from offering any further observations on these points^ and we

. conclude with what most particular^)' demands attention on the
carburettcd hydrogen, &c. distilled from coals, and the effect
Which it is likely to produce oh public and domestic plumina-
JLipns, ■ • .'

With regard to the phUosK>pby of coal gas, it is proved that
pit-coal contains fixed hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen> .in the
state of a solid. When this cosd has been exposed to a certimi
degree of intense heat, a part of the carbon unites with part of

.the oxygen, and produces carbonic acid, which, by means of
caloric, is melted into the condition of a gas, and forms car-
bonic acid gas; at the same time part of its hydrogen combines
with anotlieir portion of carbon, and caloric, and fonns the car-
buretted hydrogen or coal gas, being the article wWch has be-
come of late of such interesting discussion. This, however,
appears to vary considerably in its constitation, according to the
circumstances under which it is produced. It follows that the
different species of coal vary in the product of the quantity as
well as quality ; but we understand, from the use which has
been made of Canel or Wiean coal for some time in Mr, Aker--^
man's manufactories, that it affords a much larger quantity of
another coal; and with respect to the gas itsdf, more than in*

. damnifies the increased price of this article.

This gazeous hydrogen^ we shall remark, is obtainable by
Various means, but in which ther/e is a considerable difference,
according tp their specific gravities. We cannot enlarge on
this subject here, but it is pleptif^j farmed on the sur£aoe of
stagnant waters, marshes, or ditches, and more cc^iously wheie
the bottom is disturbed. It<Js^ «Qm^what eumus that jthere
should be l-5th part of azot or nitrogen, when collected in its
purest form ) and it is probable tliat this fatal tendency of theae
combinations, when respired, is a principal source of fevers. It
is from the spontan^us flashes ot lanpbent flame, which spieads
over the suriface of sucK pools, in conjunction with phosphora-
ted emanations, that the fabulous accounts of the tgnis JcUum
derive their existence.

All vegetable matters, when exposed to a degree of heat
sufficient to decompose them, yield an abundance of carburel-
ted hydrogen gas. A large evolution of this gas, may, also> be
obtained from moistened charcoal, when heated in an earthen
retort tiO it becomes ignited, by passing rcctiffed spirits of
wine^or camphire, through red hot tubeSj^^-Huid our author

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tAi^y tftiit'thb gas is, Iftie^se, produced ttom (KstaieB oib,
%o6d, bones, wax, and fallow, and every animal and vegetable
body--4)ttt it would be endless to etitinienite the viiiribus sourdes
of ttiis gazeous fluid.

In the distillation, th6 gas t<rhidh first contes orer is feiirid to
bave d greater specific gravity than what follows: its propor^
^on is about two to three.

If 1 \2 pounds of coal be distilled^ it will produce tfbottt 9SO
mibic feet of carbttr^tted hydrdgeh gas, independeht 6f 8ul<^
phuretted hydrogen^, cilrbonie acid, and <tebonic oxyd«

jFfajfacttfttc^f ofthiscafburetted hydrogen, ft seems, b
equal, in hs itluminating powers, to 180 grains of tallow, (be^
ing the quantity consumed in one hour by a candle^ of six in A
poimd.) Now, as one pound of afoirdupoise is eqtral tb 700O
grains, so one pound of such candles burning in succesM^il
would be consumed in 40 hours. To produce the same light^
onehalf of Hicttbicfbot of coal^ga* must be burnt, tliere^
Ibre, one half moWpHed by 40 hours is equal to 20 cubic feet
of coaI-gi» per hour, and is equal to one pound (OftandteSf'pto^
vided they are burned in succession. Thirs^ 112 pounds Of
coal, producing, at the minimum, 850 cubic feet of gas, givesj
if divided by 20, a quotient of 17 and a half of tallo^.

The production of carburetted hydrogen, both in quantity
and quality, depends on the degree of temperature employed in
the aistillatory process. We understadd from this Treatise^
that sulphuretted hydrogen, vhieh tarnishes all metdls, and
emits fiery sparks, when inflamed in combimition with hydro-
gen, is entirely deprived of these qbaKties, by passing repeat^
edly through veiy dilute solutions of subacetate of 1^, greeil
sulphate (tf iroUi qQick-Kme and water, or hyper-^oxymuriate of
lead.

As to the brillilmcy of the flame> an appeal may be made to
i^very person who has witnessed the gas-light illuminatidn^
whether it be not superior to the best waK-candle light, or the
Amuid lamps.

ft may be described as a rich compact flame, burning Trith a
white and agreeable light, perfectiy steady^ and liable to undu*
Uilion only in large masses. Before it is burned it has an
odour, so has tallow and oil^ l>nt it requires not the trouble of
snuffing, and propels no sparks— it is perfectly innoxious; it
white hajAdkerchief may be repeatedly passed through it with^
out soU ^ and it is quite free from ungratefill smells.

The sice, shape, and intensity of the gas ftune may be tegu->
lilted by simply turning % stop-^coek^ which supplies the ga»«
light to* the burner, ft may at command be made to bum

Cbit. Rbv* Vol« n. December, 16\B* 4 K

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f8P 4ocM^4 VoQCfi^.

yvifk m bfaMily 'S^Meol !• ilbmante 4iiaqr ^MFwr Hjf- tim
coom, <Mr so low and dim as bvdy lo iie pememdU iiiif
MWPoefiiftfy to poim out how v»kiahle such %)its nqr {VNive
in mur^&ieiy ^iablesj warehouses^ chambers ^ ike mtk^ and k|
^ f4«eea iiriMte ^iuiifiaeai light Js wquiredy aad eooibuadbk
unMow sire «9q^o5ecL

It has been suggested that the public sticelB' iHiiminntr4
fvitii «i«buratt«d bydteogen gm mi^y he tt^ble to te krftriii fedtat
4l9i^i|^s by iMttdatioa «f ibe niap^gepi lit 4lie wama^fenBl^fWf
ftom wfa«M0 ihe BMn pifn^ 4i«« ftmiifibed ; twt the mmimie^
fpl 4<f>MtiKeQt#eeiii6 ttnikr the> rtoectipa of a vety sUlfiU en*
0iQfier,<Md there de<»ii0l9ppe«riya]r ptobriWity cif «db.«9
»cQ«kl»t. ^PM ^thom^ thefid^ f«|i^ foothitaral
litMWy valves, and coc^t apptens mvy^irett^ilicutoly it i
ttutf;«dUhe woricoifiB shwU 'be ^/the^aleitiin t
imfMSctive duties. Therevc oni^r thire triaiMrfiwtpgteoi aD f]pre^
sa9tl>f th^l^drpgenfaa^apdattthe^braodke^nf tbep^paa^M

t^id dowa 90 as by aaaatunqsNig^or coattiiMiefitiQg
olW» all the minute branches receive aome pail of the gas
laoQi esifik at the fountains, wheace the OQal-*gss has its otigiD i
^od in cooseqaenoe of which, 4f one of the faetofies was to bo
blown up suddeifly, or the maip^ipes cut, the auppfy must Ba
from the otlier two. Thirty miles of pipe are abeady fold
down ; and should all the streets, lanes, and courts, wY&h
are now lighted with oi^ ever be f lumishod in t3m^ aaue
^danner, about a thousiiad laUes lof pqpes wiU be x«qiuied*
To effect this, five times tihe present capital cC 20QilQldQL cff
which nearly 4*5ths have been already expeiuled> will not move
tbaa suffice. Fcom the appareoA soceess of the scfceasc^ there
seems little doubt but that tiiese lights iriU spiead^ hoI uady
over London and Westminster, not only in the metropolia 4f
every Icingdbm, hut ov^f everyhillgedty.aiMl town' tt the «oi-
If^se; because it is surely <^ie of *Uie essential ^amfiMa Co
fliankind to possess a splendid light, without teoubk, .£|tid fitse
from danger. And we scruple not to say, that instead €if esfr
^itfSRf; apprelieoaion, it behoves thefilrectora of the munetoos
fire-iosurance offioesi, if they reoaiived sufficieiA for the Veisk he*
fore^ to abridge the rates of thdir tables; for the fadt is, Ihat
the gas-Ught is n^iuch less hazadious than the camaioa: tbeas
is no risk of many of the aeddents whieh hafvpen Ibom canAes,
when they are left to gutter or harn down, the omissiau of
their extinction or timely snuifing, by dauakea <istlns aiKl
ofchers, the cause of so many stable.. fires. TJh^ gai huraers
i«uat uecessariiy be fixed in ot^fiwe^w^ thcacfane canttDt&lIt

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^0 t^miim m^u-Uflkt, Hf

IT tf^ Affttflglfid^ irilnoiit htiog iWfhitdiBiUSf czfiit^taNira } no
parks DOT any embers fUI frdm them.

A few words upon the question^ considmd in a mefied
H>iiit of viewy may ngt be improper. The unconsumed carbon
if ignited eoal^ oi^ and tailowy in the usual mode^ of elfectio^
light and heat, is too. well known in this city to seed remark*
Ibfany persons are-oppressed with pulmonary Useases during
rix montlM of the year -in LondM, arising cfcieiy from the
large creadion of uncarbonize^malter which fioat» hi the atmos*
phere^ and is afterwardsrespfred. But should* the coke^ the
residue of the coats^ and caifmretfed ~hydr<^eAr^ bcfcome very
general, i& a means of inumination, we niay venture to antici-^
pate, that many asthmatic and pulmonic patients, who. are
confined during the winter in the country, will be enabled to
pass the winter in London without oppression.

The folkifvfng table of the proportionate consumption of
coals and candles wccxiract from Mc Accum's Tolume, and
erifi be foQnd, we trust, iateregting to the>ieadet^

«' N. B. I|itb€^re(|uirad to k>ow> for ho^ ntaiqr hours oee
|K>und, or one peck^ or one bushel, or one sack, of coal will pro-
duce gas-light equal to that of a certain number of weU-snuiled
fondles, the proportion of each, on the average weilghts of it,
pound, peck, bushel, or sack, to that of a chajdroa of coals, ia aa

Onepoidid -» ^ =3 S968th j^rt of a dialdron.

One peck, SOlb* =s 148th do.

One bushel, 321b. = 86th do.

One sack, 2481b. = 12th do.

. ^^'RiiiB^^Divide with either Of the above parts of weight, the
fmiaheBiof l^§^ts opposite to their hourSi and the pviodact wiftbe
the nu^nbeiof lights bunung for the same number of 'boi»9«

" Es^ampie^'^o koo^ how. many lights one pe^k of coal wilt
give fod' six hours, diyide ilie 148tb part in 3,5(X>, opposite to the
pumber of six hcmrSi th^ pro<luot is almost 24 lights 9 the ^pme
rule holds good for any ^iven quantity or number of pounds of
coal in a chaldron, to find how many lights, or candles, twelve to
the pound pr six to the pound, they will give for a given oamber
crfh6trrs: '

" Tdhuhf View exkiUiing the ithmiinaimg p&ner of Coal-Gas com"
pared' with the illundnating pMfftr of Tallow Candles, six in a pound,

'* due chaldron pf coals produces, according to weight and
' ^uaTity, ^ ^ " ;

CuHc Feei.of Gas. JBurrmg, Candles, tix m a pounds

' "JO^SOO - - '. 1 hour * . - 10,509
•-t;--!*^*' ^-•' i* ••*••' «■. dof. ' - - . ' 5,250
7,$W ---^Sdo. --- 3jb00

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1

ess Jhb6n*» "DreuSt^m «»-£i^.

'*'.'g?

Gm$.

INtfliH^.-

i

terf

ley»«w

-

•

4 db.

•

m

•

%»^

4,490

-

-

1

5 do.

»

-

-

2,900

3,500

•

•

?

6 d#(

^>

-

-

W50

- 8,003

-

-

-

7 do.

-

-

-

1,502

«,5«5

•

-*

-

8 do.

?

-

-

1,313

' 2,833

•

w

.

9 d6f

r

-

-

hies

3,100

•

•>

••.

10 do. »

*.ii-

I

•

1/06O

1,913

-

-

•

11 do.

r

-

-

956

1>?10

T

-

•

IS 40.

m-

«•

r.

«^6

1,615

-

.

.

13 do.

-

-

•

W7

1,499

•

-

-

14 d»f

*'

-

)*

740

1,400

.

.

«

15 do.

•*

.-

r

7oa

1,312

•

•>

•

16 dp.

.-

*

-

455P

1,234

«

••

•

17 do.

?

-

7

ig

1,166

•

*

-

18 do!

•

•

1,105

•

•

•

19 do- .

J

-'

.

. s§«

1,050

«

*

-

20 do.

•

'.

'•

•B*

1,000

-

.

-

21 do.

•

-

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9b0

956

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22 do.

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913

-

•

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23 do.

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459

875

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-*

V

23 do.

•

■*

^•1

4»ri

>. It appears from thi^ abqve c^timi^libs^ ^nq »^^
ooals tlieve may be deriyed lO^^OQ cujbic/eet of, iii
gas» which will supply a light equal tn^ 10|,509 taltow^ ^ ,.
at. the rate of six to the pound, buroed. ia successSfim^- ii^ i
shilKng par pouiidy and therefore eqwvdent ti><tke''^^
£S7. 1 Is. We shall now exhibit the coat of all the
from a distillation of ooal^gas* v '

♦' Tabular View, exhibiting the quantity ot Ote; C^i'lto;
Pitch, Essential Oil, and Ammoniacal Liqtldr^ dlMaiaikbi^ Mil

- s giren quauttty »f-€<i«lf together with an £6tiflnteJlLlhF
quantity of Coal necessary to produce a quantity of Gas capable
of yielding a Light cxtual in dunttion of time«Dd Ittt^aiitj m
tbat produced by tallow cJundieB of dilfereitt kilida*

SkUHtigs, Ow/. mOiMcM.

OnecbaldroQOfeoalfWmi'l g^ . oo^a * iA<tnii« !

35to188cwt • S '. ^'^^ W,W»

Oneton ditto ;^: 384 V^M 7»94Q..

One sack - diM . /r *» ^ ^^^Z. . ^\i

Oae busH , , mo . - . 1.6 ., .... . 82i . 2^ *

One peck . ditto ....- H \ ^ '' / 7ii ,

One pound dijttQ , r . 5 • f ^ '*f

Co^e--Oae ohatdrqn of cft^ of ^^eiV^t gi^es ilcha^rbn bf'e^e!
I>ir— On^ ch«ddro9 o^xqiU, Aa. ( ^v»t IQ8 U>-. of ^.
4mmonui^l U^mrr^HiiiOj &cl gives 24U Ibt of jumuomKal fiqaar-

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t ChaldroB and ^ of coke^at ^2. per GbaU. eitiiiMileii 4^ O O
i.80 lb. of tei^, at 2j». per ^lon^ fetimted -^ r % b a
^40 ])>. of afamoiiiacfil liquor^ al 9d. per gallon . - O 5 O

*fi*5 10 O

NOTB, '•

10001b. of end tar allbnfa by distiHation 960 of essential oil of

naptha«
1000 lb. (^ coal tar^ produce by mere evaporation 460 of pitcb.

From these documents it okarly appears that tbere is a profit
^f three pounds upon the distillation of ev^. chaldron of coala
from the products of the prooeis, after deducting the first price
of that article ; and if the gain from the distribution of hydro*
gen gas should be balbnced against the expenditure for the ma-
chinery^ ^>paratusy and woricmanship, a reasonable opinion
may be lEbrmed of the profits which are likely to arise to the
dbarteredi^ompany from the illumination of the metropolis by
csarburetted hydro^n gas. But jt must forcibly strike out
dreaders, thai the pnnci[Nd sum of ^200,0Q0 is much too scaaty
^ |6 render such a scheme effectual in London.

Sufficient has been ofiered from the intelligent author •fHiia
Treatise, 16 demonstrate the manifest inftpertauce which tht
gas-'light iUamination must possess in comparison to taUow m
4>liy lights, especially with regard to cleanliness, comfart^ anA
Monomy. But the curious reader, we pretome, will aot be
iadsfied without avaffing himself of the penisal dMr.Acfma'm
poUicatioo, wherein he will find the most scienttSc drtaiia «tt
theraubjept, with xery correct colchlations, which cannot be no*
tj^ Qfx the present ocp^ion. ^ . . f ,

'ii^M:^V4l/*^Hnmre^fkdaJnmi.* 4 Comedy, m JPkeAei$y pet^
formed at the The<Ure*Roffai Draty^Lam, By RiCHAan LaiCB,
»^ E$t. . ArttngtM and Whittiogbam. 1816.

XHB.original intent of legitimate oomedy^ we ar^ told, f*^ waa
to hold the mirror up to Nature^'' and therein to shiew, witii
augmented effect, the ?arxous virtues and vioes which chequer
the path of human life. From a p^ormanee attaining to HM
object, much instruction ma^ be elicited, mtrch moriKty im<^
bibed. Some feel exultation in contemplating the deBneation
.of virtue; others are awakened to self-eorredfon by the unqua-
lified exposure of vice ; whflte all, #{rtl'Vefy few exceptions, en-^
4i?re a mental wound from the shtft 6f irony, br are hushed l^

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§39 Jfhar^ioifndmFiieud. ^ Comedy^'

the scourge of derision. Yet all f^o away pleased and sati«^
fed; wliile it inajcMty^ tfius mildly oonTioeecf of Ibefr erttfts,
At'e riiamed into amendment. ' /

Such arc' the 'cflfeets p^oi(^trccd 'by the repre^eulatioii
of a judiciously written comedy. Maugre the enveDomcd
anatlicmas bawled out by fan^tjcs^ or the merciless damnation
which canting hypocrites luipotcRtly^ pronounce ^gaiasl
t1>e drama, we are prepared to defend our present position
against this dangerous phalaax; hu%, for the faeaenV we
shall merely inform them, that in proportion as men become
Mire enlightened, a well retrulated stage aMets its encourage-,
nent. Yet do vrc acknofwle^lge that the stage is fteqa^uilj
Bobject to censure^ when lodged in the hands of psendcH
fkramatists.

We conceive the prodocttMi of a good comedy to be otie itf
fbe finest efK^rts of the mindL* An* autkos ttasipstg Xa eiftct
•Qch a work eught to be jttiiged wvlh- dAdour^ by mm
#nly properly appreciating the ihse emb of legiCiiiiMrr
k«l who are also well tatoned ia the great scIkm)! of
HACfire, and imiaAaenced ia tl)eir opitiions. '£0 ar ^ttonnfr of
soch men, like agrand^^ury in legal iiMrastijfatioila^ shmM faio
wof 1^ be submitted ; "who might tntpapliaiif 'jadf^ between bioa
and tlve p«bKc, wtietJ»er it mevf ted a tiiaL ' We find thatsotaeL^
Ibiiig of tbiS'kind waS' praetiaed ifigood oM tinca^ whoa HMfiCy
Mbaeked by err p«rr^e interest^ 'fk)und it» way lo^ace^ lepngi^
omtatioii^^^ben'llie unasi»uiwfng author met arewaid km hio
hbtmrifot^ a fr«le^i-^ixlietfve<v Now^ in «tke p«CM«ta;tii»a>of
tt^ A<a«iir, the mx\i ol* talent exhibited by nwkiert (dmiwaiihyi
t$90tmi by individiiai or wianafgerial^ iateTMty tht^»]Wflrhrty.oI
their language, their trite and thousaiKikthwer vepniled inn*
49J)ts I j|)^ finc^. U^ ^'^ steriUty^ of imagination, seri^Ck *but - low
often to insult tlie understauding of the public. Their aim la
to daazl^ witk ahew^> wajbu thm la imyeffe^Ui». intaihfcl^ ftf
iaityiD&iceacioelicnce» • ->n< -^ ' " '*-

The comedy, the mote iniiiMilite sabject 9f thoaaritdv la
happily Q^ed ; and i^cording to the present fiisbion, a nnao
h m much more e^imation tl^an the substaitee ei^ the cdoipo-'
$lti<m. This is well seeomled irr (h& pfrotegne. ' •

*>'•■" • ' * . ■ ' . . .-

i 'f In days af y^e, a^^9> the storyitin,

Weirt grQDiUiB^fov&tofkxd.an'bdnesCmaa;^*.. ...» .
.With lanthon^ a^moaering tn the apenf^lay ... ^. . .
• The aloas oU Cym^ pu/bliikl .p€4e4 his way -, . ;

With jaundiced eye his fellow n^n surveyed)
Aad swore thAt honesty from earth had fled :
•fo what> youll say, does (hk allusicfa teiid}
To this 3 — I'm puzzled fVhere to Jmd afrknd.""

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llKiBtrodiictary^pi^tle to OAs fniiMi eoltfedy ia « ntaM^
^timg compiiBieiit to one of ibe actors, Oowtoa* Tbis wi
^oukl not bare feigned to iiotice, heA k not^ of itself, prew^dl
tiB# nesiiy insurnKHintftble difficulty «f imfrieod^d g&A^- m*
gfifp^ tlie boards ei Dmty Uane^ Thie dedicalioii m Mhort^
andis asfoUows:

^' To MiuJD^WTONi
' *' Mfy Pear Sifj-r^Fof tbt-p^seyerance of yo^r friendly w!»
which procured this comefly to be introduced on the stage^ and
for. the display of ypur powerful talents (never sucpassed by tlK^se
cf any other perform er), accept the sincere thonts of one \yha!
cannot be more gratified than by having the privilege of sttb-.
€(;cibk^'huBself^ Your friends

J3cx%, iVbr. STZA, 1815. j Richaed Leigh.**

WJiateyer merit, therefore, this comedy nxay be foimA to
fioifeess, it is very ^e^r that we arcf irfdfebted for its reputatloti
tpaii Victor! And this circumstance irresistibly calls for att
observation on the present influence of players on the drama*
Prom the constant repetition of tiie lines of authors, thcjF
eoDceiveit to be a« easy onatter to become awtliors themselves ;
i»d lifiDce oei^ly <me half of the favoured minites arrogate to
tisemselves the whole composition of a piece. Maiiaytft
Wfldflf'appiove, «ad a fNKitod ftotise fofc^ dowii*t1keir )^elte<i
MH)>g) and stolen idea^r. Fiom the' Kembtes, down to^ vaca>ill
HM^til, do i«« find this usurpaHcfti of the st^.* ff^v^r, therr^
in nsodestiiKrit procare a representation cMthfef itt;^?'''' lit
composition by Sheridan would not pass the ordeal o^'uie piub^
Kc, unless blacked' by interest, or, perhaps, an avoWal that iC
was tlie |)rodiieliion of that witty bard« Of this we could ad-
doee a recent in^taace, and we should be glad to ba put to tha
^t kf the oen^oTS of the metropolitan theatres,
viafhtteaii'afiwtem' of ^Jbe4ranii*^liiRkify wiMVhas aotwit-
mssed what players call a damnatidn> pronooneed by tiie whole
andience, save the bawling hitctings, 4>rii»P€ij right or ' wrongs
tovapptaud, and who-ne«t<ra6rm^'ti«is ncrt read, in some pt^n^
i^aad'dinmal pffnt; ihe most uhqnifflfied commendation^?
Then quitting 1^ bretrkfast table, has ik tiot encountin^
managerial placards at every comer, in large letters of red and
blacky announcing the already damne^ piece for another and
another peformancc ; closing t lie fulsome bill of f^re' with aa
assurance to a du^d |)ubl/i<9, that it was received ,wUh rap<«
turous applause, &c. &c. ? j. . »..». . . '.

. ' thm oomedgr« l^ n^i^ W^i^wsad, turns, inpw^ tW difficalty
of finding a fdend 4U,tbe hour of distress. A young iady> tbk

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(dai^ter of a rich citieen of LontloiT) ela|>es from herfaAer*M
voof, and clandestinely marries a young bfllcer^ who/ lio^ii^
•wftr, (rare circum^nce in »«ch ft case !) proves worthy «if her,
luid an honoor to his coteitry. The ftther disowns her, be-
Mfiies miserable, quU^his business, ' and retires to a cottage
{n the country. After two years spent in implarinfj^ for^ve*
taess, she takes the resolution of throwing hei^elf at the fec^
of her inexorable father. .Arrived at (be inu.near his .villa,
she Vcomes a suspicious gi;^est of A)(ni*.Btt6ttei« the avaricioiia
landlady; sh^ occasjoqally me^ % CreBenil Torringtoo^ «a
old. friend oi het father^. The Mesc aft. the ian opens the
inain incidenta of tlie plot. * -

*' Scene, a parlour at the Black Lion. iSeneral Torrington discovered
at breakfast. Mas. Bus^'ijb waiimg.

" Enter Maiia,

i« , • I , . . ............

. ^ Maria* I did not kaow this room was oocupiacl j-^ will
retina-

'< GeB. T^ Nay I young lady I will not be the occasion of jcmr
fetiring; an old Boldiar knows better the respect due to the Cur.
What do I see ! Maria Heaiily } - .

*' Mario. General Torrington ! viy Aither*8 valued friend f

" G^m. T. My dear girV to wluH do I owe thia uotspeetai
pleasure? i

>./< ifcrlSk I airijrad last night* in Ihe ata9aoapchfh>ni liMHloa.

" Gen T. Stagecoach! What doas thia mean ) ^i^imMU fMmw§
hok^ a< Mm. BmHe hmtaimgl^. OK 1 unders^uid. . Good wo*
moUf you may leaice (he room -, this lady and I miuat ai^iide whilf
^ private, t-'

. " Mrs* B' (a$\de) Be private must you. I shouU not, liave
thought off such a thing* Good womafi» too. By iby truly, to
Took at him, one would aappose he might be safe^ trusted j but
these tAi fellows are often the moat da^g;erous of aH. *

[Exit. JAv. B:
'■ ** Gen. T. And nowwe'sraakae, >infbrmme whyUbBa^iftfisei
3^0Ur thedaughtev of aniopnhMil trndcMman* trareilingti»«»atage
coach, the in habitant of a nriaecdUefinn. i

" M^riot. U it then fimiMo Iba* y9K«iSQija sfcnmgerlO'tklDaeoo*
cucrencea that.have buniah^ n»e a iiaber'Si heuaq^ tt^kftt hva ^
fear) for ever steele)^a§ttU)st^ri4iiiUheff's heart? . • i .•

^* Geii T. Entirely so. I reiuriMd but Jaat week from my^eooK
yiand in the West Indies, iifter a three years' abslence 5 1 did not,
however, qui^ J^oiBdoa wUbput enquiries after my -old firiend
Heartly, but was informed that he had relinquished business, mad
retired into the ooantry on accowat 0(f aottie a4iictioe of a doibes-
tic nature. Is /this true, Maria? >" '

'' Mmria. O yes, tis Uue,--^Aks !.«loo tnie.'<^Twai •thetrnfisooA*-
ddctf/ikf'acluyUL . . r: m .1.. .-.,{, ... ;,.. ^i . u i ; ..: .li.

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'^^Oen. T, Yoar's, Maria? But I guess bow ft is j the oMikorjr^
love — ^love no doubt. ...»

" Maria. Yes General 3 in an e^ii honr^' duty ytrinly eomhp^kmg
vnih inclination^ I left my faHier's house^ trudting to the hoqour
of one in whom I was assured xi€ Ending a kind/, a safe pro-
iector.

"G«i. T. And you wece deceived 3 '4i8 -genersllj the case. Te^l
tte the name of your betrayer ?

'* Maria. Betrayer ! Qh np ! — Bj^t hold ^ for on this subject I ffm
te8tri<1«m>y promises, floleniniy, though rapMy, plighted; Atod oh,
toy e«i^, my ifeuHfarsvefed MM;' ^t^hSES 1- neetf'^youi^ comi
fMt and flupparc, >m«oh aa i-^ftdd ^iour e^usuve M «ty eondu<^i
etOl 1 must endure it» iimlasB-tlie kiniium fdn livfe^evef slfctwiii
ine foduots: ymi |o pauae to >coud^mna^k>it ti(osting tadreafleir ahe
jnay be found lefis.cpiitiiual thl^i .yn£9|rt;ivis|l9>.i^ Jj^Hgh, a#t ^fioid
4)f error, vastaiped by guilt., ; ,, ,mi..^ '» ; [sr- .«

'' Gen. r. Maria, I have known V^u long, aod^i^i^ is now
that air of candour, thuilppk so like to innocence, that should
he still be inexorable, remember, though 'deserted by your natu<-
jral protector, old l*orriBgt6n^ the friend, of yotith/ has a heirt to
feel fcr yovi, aye, and if nece^itoy, a Word to. aVenge "ybii,
UaVe you nevei* since seen your fiHhi^'? " ' »v .1 . it

*' JMdria. Rudety driveti from his 'ddbt^%^1ettet^ I hai^e^ sought
l^*aoitaw4lR»t' x^^Q^ ^ftcv <^^ ^eahr nT abiteoe, I fa»re-€omt
ilitkeriB hopes he nay relent.

7f »4fsa^ !r./FeitMipamyHlterce08iO0#Jhe;,0aoolkCliD» iflf fbrmer
■iWrttfUf <Pay prove lof aoroe awrail.

I '* G«i.,X Oair >r''^uid wiUyo«v myatory-thusinxolrad if my%»
jU«y,., ey,t(»d youK pju, youjr fip'tecting gpodneis ) .

*\ Cran. 'T. My conduct may perhaps draw on me the censure of
the rigid moralists \ .but Xcare not : an old soldier is geniendly less
inclifMi to follow thd impul^ ojP Aid ^ieat IHao of Ms hmrt, and
petUj^s *tfe w^H sbukethnte'lbib^ I^'aslHibv by the ftelfn^ of the
dri^,' as' always tohle'Mfltraihed^lytfalie'txM prud^niiid^ti^^ of
dieoMefi • •■ •• ^- •• ' ' '

-^/^X^ T. 1 must hg«r» v^luMv'kiivdyoiii 'y9uivii^soQnexpeot

Tisit to Sir
^'Wis bestowing
my fileoe> Harriet ftofknel'y and, on my re»
turn, I find letters filled With rcwi]tfkia«r of cher S)iisdM«ct, and
Wging meito he^ireseiftiaA'his^i0lerminfdsepsirati#ni
. tir Aifia. S)r Harry Movden^s I Ton ausprise me eennml*! ' *
** OeA. f^rmMfe/,tiU|tamaiir4ifAtfhio&shoiMwiahiotaapafatf
AwahiswiM^

' ''^fMbNKnliM^^^siti 4lap«leiMil li^Mterlo h^ MjAip, Vo-
tfueiting^ pcjbmisaion to wadii 'on her. My ftitbiittiuch respected
«ri»-l <tlHMigii> herfatareaasieiHMuBmt-at auch a^tlme^Her mis«
;04aHlttei 4liA>)«ai ii9 lo .SonW alKm^ean te ta^

^JLiT. Sbv. Voju. a« Ihcember, 1815* 4 L

me here again. At present 1 am obliged to pay a
San^libMeK ild^kiOiMAy 6vetIl«*Jterlaiid,^^««a
oil iite>tiM haftdiiotf.my nleoe> Harriet ftolknek'y and

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994: Wher^eio^Jind>aJF'i(kt^% A CnMdy,

" Gen, T,. Not nqlikely^ Bomq ^ere tri#e. Ah Maria ! ibcse
divorces and separations are the deviL Dli every sUly cou|^
yho «o xeadity make ^ ra,5]> tow, believe they were really tp live
together ti^l. death 4^^ ^hem part^ mi^ny incon9iderate marriages
vottld be prevented^ but now Uiey bolifly venture, knowing that
gold can unclasp the strongest ifetters -, and scarcely has the priest
pronoanced a harcl sentenoQi when tbfllaywer iscfdUd in,. in miti-
gation of punishment. , . [^ExewU*

So inuqh fpr.tibe s€|utinie^(^ism of this piece. We are next
pveaenleil ^wm: ai tohtOJPftbift^fWtwffl^aW fcieae, w^cmma Uie
husband, v» in iiieh.^«s»&ipng Ago^ nmlie aad pnyiridad^ is dis^
•alislied. The ladyi twittingly firovBUng,^ like the Sir Charles
and Liuly Rtickel'«f Murphy^ (the coaipttuioti^ by. die way, if
htHit iMs'^hot^'^siill ti6 tM( ttiane^ of th€ Hiberftitm b^)
they o^uarrel ;, not over a game at cMb, hlit aboat toitiettiiii^
ihore irisfj^rtfidAhti^^feifllfei- iJjfih^m can tell-what-^-ontil the
Aissatisfief Betedicf MWlate^ Ksf! Inyiltioti^ in thr^e /itaya to
guijt the ^coutttiyj?. throwing biihseff jplg* & chwr» pufBqg with
vexatiah^ aQcompapl^^ l)y Uiat ch^f-naing tdW» toe b.^t of 4be
Tight f6ot,' y'ciep'd, •^tt^.ii^vil^ Iat^tog.\\ ..T|ie/ Wy. Um
Usli^ fepl}fiSi MWh»tf!j#ltaw ffi^.Jhree days t^^ppepare^ 'Tis
very tkiadiof ypu» SitiHurry I (Sir /farr^.iiiim^ati^iNsa f)iS«i^
I am very much obliged to you for itL i |>o y^nqrakoA kag
•laf in ikpivfij* lllo yau ifaincf post^ 'Si^Haqy^ Ndt • woid !
Well, I am a wife, and if a hu^bstnd ehtlMB U^Bmn^^iAaaiX
with' li* smn^-fit; Hii^S thei^k ^i^ftttii'ite hay« \m1y io svibnik.
(sittins: doivn)." And'Hnet to $ee the ^hAigts mattfmdnf 9»i

^ ' ' '^ ^ ■' .Htafict

awore

ihipk hiin^^^Tf; V^^«i474lfi]J^!fCipti^W J^

word. Now I am married, now comes my turn to snyfjjcirtfls
the tyrant husband! hie'*mpNd ^ .IbiimM) -/die iiM jaaks
fiom.her)Bedaslal^.ths:a«9aL«UQMui-iv^'?u ,• {^kf^.)

* i ' r r. •{»•' ' ' ;«n'.o» nu, \ ;t.r>>vit' J A .i. j »

", Sk if. ]dad]to» miMqAil! iyovi ptasrobt i]|«a>e)MMid thfe Knit
pf patience;^ and, 1 aib d^teto&iaetl QO'4ft iimiMibAa iepiii^iMA. -*• *
. ." iodj^flftfj- Ayej^soJyoartoltt^nMjr'^iriMSk.! ii.l ti. i ' ;

" Sir H. I4ki BDEidaih, aad^iaBJIi ^Idstatitly^ infoiilQ >H;ji. for tQlqr
every 'Ubiaoeiit woman ;caa ingict on> teafy* iK;>Ka})M U^pUi m,
if iiroai tid^apointfat J 8Be;-bi^hnY»we,trttteyaiifi>|?a?t. > -^ -*

-^' jM^MI W4s<tfv«r ttifyitfahig'4Mkfs«ct|]aii|t84i^MiaiM !

iofds of tkfe: flBliitigftiL> torfAn bostft.yoiKarivQi, faei^pilm^f yolttWr
tiiority t ;g^i7'iirtlieifaneieA ^ix^iM^'^rifamtti trMoiA6 imt^
peadoQ tt/m^Qp«ftMia«dai)Fcni4itf» ilmlBM^iyiievPlilittf^litiltsiifi'*

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*Srtic tShir^dterS Ul IWs doiriec^yarig genefaTfv Wrfl dftft?^')^^
it is- upon tlie whole rfi^ btjst w,e ha\^e'wltn'e^d''6ince^^
liprightly muse of Mr?. * Iiichbald'.. ." Yet, tHcrafgli gSded ' by
tAt, Dowtpn' s uniquje performance, Mr." Ra6*s (th^ <l^P,\^ty
liiaobger'^j prologue, ftjr. T: Dibdiu's (the' prompter's) smg,
Xb, mei-e'trap for the gsillery,) it lacks that pdiht,' wit^' an^
«atir^; which were vont to delight us ih^e '^ftlftlj^ prb^uc*
tions'rf Foote,'Mvii'lAy> aild thcfelder Colma^n.^ . " A. ,

, M- . , I I, • IJ ii> .. •• '.''•■3 J< >^

^rjiim riu li I irirUMiij lil liMiil ni ii il lni'ii iili iiitu nit

11.~^cc//<)/i /!tt!/f// of]^er 'Poems? ^:ffg ^s^v&r SmrHK^i.
lithiSbtf;- l^mo. Tp. 128; 'tdii^ah aSd^CprlBl^^^

'ToffA atfaifWI »eV€f^feffW!^'l)f -thfe ttiuie; #Mc^ flUfe' s^ort 'c|F
tMepto'4^i)itf of ^MiN^, m pmoM'^liA^^^^ dP IHiorn^bfry
»r tfte ^tadie)* bttrftioiit of ^l*bj^, is a bftiiltte^^ cqiitooiTtjr
4»ddOted'>lu-f6etl<»!il c«tl«sm,' tfia^t aktfo^t'^vferjr'V-^W^'of an
-wMrt«ry>p6eni to lihtf «lia»' wttJl/ttite 'tfR6r.yaf?Awi <m. !*< tltfc
Manitt W ^>oet»rten^' awd thfArt'ctestK^ftS^ Vrf 'prtidkhcfe'whicK
tpfttilts .tltern' to* proiFef •>tKAif eifiisioiis for 't!ft cijftertmnniieirt
'4)i ^eipulMic. >Ih Wmwl ft^ fostAnees >ife*\^f ftei*jracknowv
4cdg«;('th6t »1«h' phfllppicrf'inajr • be^ juti«6tts -ftrtd appfojpriate,
4>irt, fef ffcefeamc tiirfe, <retanfiot*r*rp siji^pectiftg that they a^
fndr* ^ttifntlyllie rdstrft of 'tJrttlGal rmhetWStyy 'and iffibcifal
fMjUdit^^ than of unWasftred judgment, aAd highly ciiUlvatefl
%ii«U>.^< ^(/a|fc pe*aps • «qtt*lly *l»e to^'ih'fe 'doiv$ig' Aie^gJfis
of tmnfte^ndent genius with any bf dut ^donteWlpbrarie^ Wfe
•Hih i^ n^ ttledn^ jdin wiUh'them in that 'hidisciriminate abui^
*lrf |^o€iflfc aitedidoAty, whi^W th^y haVe beeti ac^stiimefd tB t>6ur
-tetth wUh ««o«Q«tel»*Jigrtiat?siA- attd s<?tlhfRty. ' Th*^ ftlsW6lfebte
^agi*i^'tte!it poetfy, void 6^ htejiirittton, is ttrlore hausiou^ IhaU
l*A4*»pWSte,' te'omydn^-of'lhfi thkoy maxima, i¥Kidi mankind
w-fe'^Mi^y'dAy tepeatteg^'W^'trtdtoWtaWfe trdtA^,^ in defian<Je
>o*' tito w«tef toiftWh-irtd' cftMons (txperfetibcfi , W?'w}U
iF€*ture ttyi«8ise^, "uti^'ed'Vf tli^ a^itti 6t ridiqill^, ^tliat the
^|)i^agfes^1n H'fintf ptf(tttf*'*rHicjh niost^^ease the majot^y <Jf
i^adeiis/ tlr« Ihbse t^hich dpiJfclach Aear(!St in; styTjp 'Htidi'etitf-^
-miBit to tlie works of inferior ivriters. T6!relis!i aad appreciate
the ^uHiKiitY df MiUoq^ or the $pcnrt(vc fancy of'St^akiespeire^
^iitoplies ao eievatioii of taste and an extent c^ .{cnowlje^e^ npt
very lavishly disseminated even among the higher orders qt so*
rittty; To purchase a ^o^k with ^eagarnesiii; \2M. fo ^afr of . jit
ifoMMjr vrith raptive, are Init fkllaiQiobs tests.of 4^e A^light
"■f^bieved-'IMmits •p€SrusaK' " Wfe haw he^i^'mariyinditidiMs
4Md^<i^4b«^ ^Afiieo^AcMlf Wd' of' BjtMi Wht^e carelessness

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«a6 ^AnJitpr'^J^Miu.

eriiitpalienoQf during the ii0efULo£&leW'p8gea,.too plaiiii^ft^'
ioy^d the Bttl^ inteiest they felt in the proAieliiona of thoat
tittly.beiuiliiul poet& On the other h^nd^ we have seen poem»
of inoeh less emiiieiice listened to with avidity by a numesoiit
class of penoQs who, -we are confident^ only withheld the
avowal of their giBtificatioa lest their tastes should, be xm^
peached by aome conoelted pretender to superior jmdgmeoL

We have ofTered these reflections as introductory to the
present article, from the experimeDtal conviction, that many a
poemy calculated at once to please and to instruct, is con-
signed to neglect, merely because it has had the misfortune to
be fixed upon by some stripling in criticism for the subject of
his initiatory tirade. Forgetting the remarlc of a distinguished
writer, that it is easy to expose faults, but difficult to Ulustiate
beauties, he .u^^aUv mistakes io^pudeot .aspersion f^r salutary
severity, apd pueql^ fastidiousness foi gfouine taste. £ve«
his seniors of the reviewing fraternity, are but toa oflen
guilty of similar enor^ and undes the pretcnet of regnid for
the dignity of literatuie chiU the eaortioiK^of youthful talct^
aud marr the benevolent inti^tipaaof. zealous worth* If the
nsijority .<^ poets t^doU and insipid, the masa of oiitioa mm
ignorant and disgustiogn. If we are to Urm it pieauntption in
vergers of moderate pretensinas to offer their labonrs to the
public, .how shall .we .^^wmclcriw the brainless aonaitaty
.which dares'toseix^the judgment-seat of learning, -and im*
{K)ses Ua.splemstit. revilirig$ upon the worlds for theirapartHl
sentence of sound criticism ? » . ^

In calling the attention o£. our readers to the poema of Miv
Smitbers, we. perform an agrosaUe and gmtiiyiog teak ; for
.though he may not be entitled ta mnk 3ls aJoompetitor for km-
mortality, he certainly deservea to. h<4d a- very ; nespectaUe
.Ration amoqr the poets of the sgr* if lie,does«aot sodilne:by
4he beauty of his versificatioH, nor ^Astonish by tbft fariUhmcy «if
«bisims|^y, he never greets jthe eag.by idisiopsant 'bombaatj usr
deceives the under^anding by uniittel%ible :metaphar« Thr
.ipoem, entitled Affection, whijehoo0uptes.96i'jpagas>c»ufcof. \2%
composing. 1ms yoluohe, is a work^whieh v^ec^- safely re^m-
mend to all soeli i readers ju .C9u< fedr pkasttre-in pevusiag a
series of .miposite illustrations o£ a^ interesting subject*, amt
veyed in language^ from inlutrmooious^ and. displaying no
despicable 4)Qrtion of poetIc:al merit. ......

, The poem on Affection, is de4ic^ted to herBoyal Htghnes
the Princess Cliarlotteof. Wale« ;,, and therdedicatiocx is Adiowad
by a pref^cfifM whkU tl)e.auUu>r descants ^foa .the bfn^t la
be derived. from acqui^riu^.a/felisU for ^omfr-Uhcml aip^ qr

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I wnStute. TatheiiiflQdb^fleKyftilpMiiniliv

i iifittiieBF on tUs^tHbjed'} and^ lestitteylriRXild queBtioiil the «irf«
.iicieDCf a^ hit Avtkority, h%y3oi»Biat their flMirecaiMtete^fli#
tisEeiction a long extract^ detailing the- aettthoente^if Sir^nantkif
More. After ihis cdmds an< invocation, eiflling^ V9 usual^ Bpdtt
•the inhabitants of everj'qtmiter of the gtobe^ whether blank or
^faite^ sarage or civUized^ ito join With oature ^ in one raidadf
lihgsong»" -<''.' ('. /

^' To him w^kp ibid? ^acb i^ried bosortfc glow . . ,u

t . With strong af^tiqn^ countless throbs of J9y, » t

|, . \\Tt>e^h(?r its. flume, two fuithfulbwt3ceni€q% •

,^. ^ R^splencfent ip the (ilial fec^l^og imne«|^^ j. ^ ..,,.^.r ^,..

Or wdrnjs tb'e jjospni of fraternal love ; ' ' t 'i * ' • t iw

Sparkled with pleiisui^e in the parent's eye^ , * j '. , •.

inmmes the altars of ptire fe"iehdsbip''s flamei* ' ,.'^ ^ '*

» Otgtads'tHeiAartyi^riiHStdestroylngftres!*' -M^ >»>*

^ The abote lif|eS| ^th thi^ intr«d»ctdry dmea of t)ie '|K>eiki ^
«elf^ areyV(^ith0ute%j^jptiot^ th^ m^t oonMnon-iplaqe Ond ^U
ritieii in the whole performance! so that all those who^ ^MSk
onrselvies, think them patsable^ oiay {Mffdiate the fctuEl^ wittn
<nit the< haawrd ofi'ffgpenting their bargain.

^< Aflfection" ts'di^ded into tm> canton, no doubt,'tfaat It ttMA
have some elaim to thefashioaabte' ftianner ^the ag«; for Mrt^
Smithars is, seemingly^ not a mah who haa Vanity" moagfa t^
esteem himself entitled to deviate from tho general. praetice- hi
an item of snch trivial consideration. We are, we ootifeaa
therefore^ not a little surprked to find him dealing in pkia
tiiank tna:^ when the order of the day is to rhyme dther-^
fluch a style as nobody em rhymed before, or as our antieHtott^
^ere wont to do sevend ceiKuries ago. It is a msjk <A Mr*.
^htttheia' good sanae, that h« ^i^ rather choten to dresa Ma
offispiiiig at beeotmea ila^at^anKftar, atid ai» best^tfiited hto daptt«-
ttUties^ihaHitMtMdstaAd'diatort'it bypraaahigiUintoeiif^forafti
of kouplei^artangememl • W&'dFuld wJahAiatsome of his jin^^
SfrgdbmpetitDva^ivt^e'aqiiallf CMisidenite. ^ M \

Mr, S*ilthef% in his'firttointO; ilhistrateaitlre rarioua ifMrii*
4icsatbns of aiFoetfoh ag they* appear to him'to b^'ei^ced in the
vegetfldileiaid amimal Idmgdoms. He dwells principally, hocr-.
'iirery oT» the^afibetiont which are caHed forth in the diiFereliati^
lationa of human life. viz. aa parebt, husband, wife/iclMld, loireir,
%rolfa«!9*Vs{star,tfiiandy patrioty«tid pbilanthrapiati His picture
of a 'ilo^yfemaie, reduced and ^ibandooed by h^ destroyer,
isrill tiertts a«aiaivexftii^to of the general <il«riOter of ^{6 aet^

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Jfn SfhttMr s PbtfnB^

•-' . I " 'M'. Sm yoft pMr muAks, akii^'riiig ia ber cell/
' j> * Wftk hair dlthev^leil and with bauun hure,
> v> • Onec blesMd wUli innooeDee li^r hours r^fl'd o* -

ri '; l^gtadaiuiQMaioii, ^er Gultur*d miwl
,t •; W«» €«lm and mild as «upiffa/er er*iiiiig9 are>
J, , T^l IP her aoul couTulftuig paasiong atrore^
' And rai^*d a ifi^k aod wild tornado ,there.
That in its progress burst the slight barrier.
Which in the fine- wrought mind but feebly guardf
Tlie seat of intellect: aU, all was then
A splendid niin^ and an awfbl wreck.
M&rk her, ye gay seducers j mark her well —
Pdr who Uke you should feel the awftd charge, '
And tell me if tbe tran^ent joys you knew^
When virtue sunk the victim of your art^
Can soothe your gailty bosoois 1 or atonft
For rttin*d peace of mind? Say^ can they dry
The bitter, bitter tears which copious flow
Whep j)rostrate reaspn dturcs at intervals.
Resume her desert throne, and with sad eye
9eholds the happy heights whence she has £all*n?

<' 4lo Md hnagmtttionTs magic power

Roll back on time, and tfeU what onot she whs-««-
' \ftirm*d t» d^ight the cnrde where she inoired,
£stesm'4« odmir d by« all } OMvia >l^iMa^
In ,the rich garden lof pafantal Jb ve, >
And promised Purest Iniit; nars-d in delight;,
£ac)i cbar(a« ^ach grai^« her op'ning ip)gdd4sp]^y!d^
Was cultured with a fond assiduous care; . .
Till, as her growing virtue burst on view.
She reign*d, unrivajlld, *mid hor blaominff plalAf ;

* In sweet simplicity her time roUM^bn,

THl inP sad hour a vile seducef came.
All s1dl]*d to ttine her unsuspecting soul,
• To win Iter h^art, *e«e helietvayV} hisown.
Orest (Was the eonfliot in her 8tnigglhig.frime,-
Tusijlt duty and afiection— long sb^ stuovo
To tear his favoured iois^ hoifa h^ 'h^iyrli *
Qft sheresolv'd to Sy her happy hou^^-' ,
To esqape a passion, now jtoo. deep infi^^i* . -« .
.But wi^at in absance had assum*d ic^qlye^. ; •

On ills return became resolve no more, . ^
Anfl virtue 9unk beneath his baneful arlf . [
Thus fell Olivia 5 ye proud in virtue, * '
Say not*that you, like Alpine snows, could rest
Spotless and pure *neaith the meridian sun;
Wound not her bleeding mind, por dsore to lidast
Till yoa have ttriimphed in temptation*sli^ifir.^ * '

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fead^rs, with tiij§ ||fa»p)e ,feiMvk» tli«t it ia nmth^tf tte l^est Mt
the worn ^rtioBt ^ Urn cdnto^ ^e^hoidd wisk «0 kMH^ ftom
Mf» Smitbers upon what pritioq)le.fl£amui9HiMiit» hft h)yiNrtfcf»>
jposed an episodciy deseAtriog iain^giliatiei^ihetove ferftngs (|f
the $hipwfecked mariMr, beltmen hb phdip^c (p« 4Jr^);aii
the TftUaby of tiNlttctioD^ md his irefedioiM OBr its eoastfq^eooaii
Itsieems lt>. U)s,S0tuiQ0titftf to disjoiQ them, tiiat wd skoiAi
iuave Aet down <Che error to the aocoimt of t}ie prititer,i hnd ift
lupp^ed to .cioeiir in' a work which had nat atteioed^ Vkt Ihi
pr^sehty toias^QQiid^tton* . ; . /-

The «ec(md cAtita of this poem^ the aAthory if wo.iitiqr j4dg«
|koi|» h)ltinikdQei;/of i^trodvcing ]t» sernlfrlo thiofcMi^^mr lo
tHefea(i^|o.9hmdx m^Okfidi faiit> in ew opinion^ it is iifitibmMi*
ib^ kM of BfifoetiooHsli^hiGfa/ it tarrats ts, indeed^ of a jdeaon|H
ctiofi MifassHtgihatriniaiifested fcy4tie bniies, or bj^ thcf4iiinail
spectes-^eing iiorotliafithali the love of God ^ fwlnym Miw
Sorfthisrs s^ppoiicd it to! be exhibil»d *Hii creaftton* iin,Sn(Krti
daoiNt^ in xisjemfition, in the hap piness and durabifity iif hsai*
itto, «id th# new powders with which man wiU be there lott^stef^
and in tile dajr of judgaptefit/' N€iw> ^iwMgjk wa aas t^obaU^
a$gnit<ifiil^for:the 1>l0^^0fs.we a^y, as most laf tar lettvar
creatures, we dislike to see the attributes and eondaoitcrf 4he£dTia
mkf. 90MdJt the iul^e«)« 4fS poetical ilHittratftoi)^ eseapt liji la&r?
aai^^Tathea lo the a^ftual eDlidilion<o£ man, than to the ieaA^
menta ef iany portttin. of the speejfes iseqpectia^. hia oialare^ av
the .pailicaIfcr*4O0de of hift providctietf; la such mfiattnl, w$
hmtihlj ifaink^ tjba spitfitval: paatevd h«e far faotai re^trin^ aaii
siafBiice>^ »tfciair jhearers are in general suffideDttfihcatod with
the ragrliti<4siiisfoft the church, ^a^ really stand moreia ne^ of
the tt^otmg dfanighls «f 1;he apothecary^ ijmd of <the eihiliraiim
veisesxif thepoet^' .If jairnivwerebut half as wall iaataiolfefi »m
pactical morality, as they cbmniorily dUrt ii^poinls'aiijtkiitiioa^
we should then be presented with a race of beings worthy their
assumed nameTl^ut tliis can never be while faith tsdces'the pre^
aed^iicerof procapt-,i»i,4hetlisaouaseacf thapn^^ Jkifr^Snii*.
thmi Aea^wpei^ mi^ieoBgiiltalate htasoalf apan tha pNaiuaqH
Ijbti^^thataa4oog flax his pilcBi baaaiiy^chaiide of -hetiig vead^ the
^raat i«q[oitt^ of mtfnldnd Will regard hkr eluekli^oRa'of Ihe
Mriptil^alHifs^dymtheras deserving praise thatt eenenr^; Uiere
^e ipiit ^0 eager Tdi- drink air those who are nearly d^unkftl-?

The smaller pieces, at \\\e conclusion Of the volume, are,—?
1!lheai3faif»;:ai)dl£(6n8tati^ te a Manmnani

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e4» Tate's SyHgmi^ComnmMi JnOmeOc^

iMr Steeping Clul4**-An Adding to Adver8!t]^*--««d Wo Sitt^
"mslB. The first poem is an illustrative venifieation of No. 1^^
of the fibectator^ and has protuM^ been -attempted fai mitirtios
ofPope 8 Abeiarri and Bloi«e* it it executed with a dc^gf«e of
apirit above medioerity ; hot we wbh Mr.Smidiefa had gfMtt
■a the whole stoiy; as without a pvevidua acquaintanee wHii it,
tihepoem loses half its interest ; the principal cifcoraatance oa
which that intereat depends (vki. the idlentitjr of Thwxkiflicia,
andtha holy fiither to whom Conataotia opens the receaaea of
hat wftX^ heing so slightly marked, that few veirieca wooid dia*
eover that the lady had been confesnng her love fdrTboadoBfaa
ioTheodostus hioMelf* The hiscriplioii toCowpev we hove
yarweda^nandagam^ b«twenNiBt aeknowledge, dnt if it
■eally haaaoy point, it is of toodcllcateo textoM^ta b^ pcv*
ccivad by our fiionlties. The War Song, «< written ibr Ao
Loyal Southwark Voloateers/' (we prasmne on sdme dionev
ODoasiaii) has nothing abovt it verv brilHaiit; but it ia^ Mv««w
iiflless, wordi fifty such rants as Mr.' PitagevaM Hgiiliiiiy be*
aiaspa on* the mmnal meetings of the LHeiawFand AsaocioCiaay
Tho Mother's Address to her Steeping Child, the Ode ti» Ad^
vetsi^, and two Sonnets, are pretty pieees of veiaificsafioo, but
bnvenot the aaoit distant daioi' to oi^gioality' either of aenti^
went or style. -

With r^ptfd to the exterior quaKfications of diis vohwae. Wo
cannot i^lp femarking that they evince a-degaeo of taate rathcv
nncannnan in similar production^ even in tUsicfinod and pie-
tare laaiag age. Both the paper and the typogvaphy siegoodt
aod the embellisivmeats, which aae Are in number, an no Ibbo
appropriate than well deigned and engraved. Theao is, ai«^
deed, a character abant them, wfeach will not ftaMo pudane its
yieper cfiect on all those who asay have euriaaily waogii to
enquire after the work, or who* may accidentally cast their wftm
IMS it Jome bookselier's window.

Amr. IX. — A SftUm 4^f CbmmtnM AiMmeRcy tsalslaliiy' a new
' aad tmproned orrangMieHt of tfbs.Sctew, with an e^Amted app^P
• CD^toasf ill printiple, i$ vmriom CaltniaHmu toeasfy ifijisrisinii of
: JPapowM, parikuUirIf in Ae P%hUifFumd$» Mmim Uwrmmu Ml

. Eschange^, with numenmM Exeroiet .0H(i if^'w prtf^n^* JE^
. W. Tat^, Master of, the Academy^, CaUakm Street^ h^4f, «M^

Tower Street. 12mo. Pp. 260. Trice 5s. 6d. boards. C. JLaw|

Lengman, and Co.; Sh«r%v^od aud Co.

'Wm confess that the high nepuii^ion vrtnch the auMlorof Hlo
ymduction before Ufrhaiatt^ioedi asatensher^ th^cqmaief^*

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o4'l3(Miiche& of ^ucfttkn^ led iM»*'t6f^S{>tfQtftD«i<hi» pmia
iwork veplete wUh lhe«M9titfitful ijaMnM^kiofi; and we deAve
tppottlififeiisuie in be«og«iHib)iidtAo 0tate|ha)ty with tik tittep-
fkm ^'lA few bleinifth«9 whkh xm;i4M»'ff^8(^tlfsysAi^^iWt
hf^fi^ and «KjptoMiqQ$<h9v>'l>eeo opinpUil^lf.^ratifiedvt. • ..t*-
.r W'Mf. Ti«e'« ^riwgMwmt/of/flWiUk^mgr of MwaMiMi
ivittoiirtK^ .we t(»iy ntiteh* iippnsi«e«:r He toeata, Sntn^^ixif^ltlh
^gialKiimQ»b«isy,««idt rtb0fq«%)Qtiftm'i<MiirQ«^,. by Ifcemj she
then pmoeedn te(i ii^eftligitei tt|e {lii^pfeSibf fftttftiembflad
deieimid jMilnhMf^ IM*. abdiCoMM^f W^ part «f kjp^'vvoik
lKJth>itibejeBuiiiliiMitio»pf- wjhjU lie irery propi^rty. styles ^^ Conir-
fMMnltivv Arilhjiietie^'V.oTbe;)Mte9<ii( t^ department ,«bi(hi has
.been'«a;e«ii^iV<4M^ lufiiiiieiii; )pr^|9«MH' The r/aiei fov fiodr-
49f ' the <tBlH>< ef * ooe; AUttA»«r Ao *#nptber. ia .iiuiceiinitai 4fae
Mmm9mhm3iAbt Tpgm^&i^/timr^f fi^^Jiaduig the ^vlioflf ^
Me^pwiljl^ t^aqf^tber-titajy^^^ peftoltfaie

ndeal .page da ip Mri^ot<^ti|tf)«aiipi^4il9«atl^
BolioediBiwe athei{,i^ta «iC jpi^K^iaq^ttrteiioe^Mi^ jn.lheee
parta aiid.iii the eleaieDts * of practice*. We tUnk that |t jweidid
not have been inconsistent wHfa the author's piaO) in detaUing
Ihe principles of tliose cakulaCioSti #MA*are frei^fOM^ Mp*
ourring in .businesa, if ^ bed deroted Ji^fow pa^es'to. tbe.e9fi>
traction of the roots, and the .practi<(e! of dnodeeiiiialfly' all of
which hehas omitttdL. .. .: .>..i ii. .mv' i .• . .<

In thepmetieal pact of. ibiatwofk, after aJblief>ooUictioiif of
exercises shewiog the. general .iippljcatioa .of arithmetio^ • Ma»
Tate proceeds to exMhit. a great variety of examples.aad ezer^
aiM nip«D thcnodorn) itepainred .{viildpks^' f ^ Jtartiet/^
tbem and inf the de{iartMiit«f JXireaadJiTiN^iifta itri^iftuiaqp
•aUed^/initead^ waakibg^UattioieiindttvBiligaluig obftDkte^Mi
qie(!^Qia(lhFe pnnripka^i the leaaneiDwiHs hmt^imn. oppadmmify t(
WuikmpAimakiff inliHMetflirilhiJBatir ^ateuktipa^ . as . daily oecttt
in the counting house. The branches of Commission .and Br9%
kerage. Partnership, Interest, and Discount, Average Prices,
in(i9%rles of 'paymeniy'conlaui much useful ihfbrmation ; but
those, in iwhich Mr» Tate^|ite most ^artictilarly exalted, ittd
'•TheStock,'* ".Marine IiiitttraDCfes/* toS •'ExeHai^s.*'
^ To iiiost of -'these^'depblttienis aire prefixed' spitm very neat
#bspi:ya*i9ns; those wb^h i^ intoodnetory to the '^iStockli/^
are ^^ Jreplete with oDni^^^iofomiation, that we regret our in-
abili^t from want of.,w»^o> t^iJ?y.^f?^ b'eti^ oifr/eaders.
Very^y i«retbeli(sve> of t^<^u)i^s relating toiperpctual
9Dd tecmittaUe.anmiiti^ to JS^hequer«billsi iDdia bon^lir
qpniwm' aiA scnp^ «w' JoMMmrhta^ood^^ thtfupDeciacts of tbi

C»jiT. Rsv. Vol. U. December, 1815. 4 M

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■9

Bunk drtlur Stock Bxchkng^ ;* l!likbi)bk| tfieirefow; yritt.pt
valubble ti aily pfersott inteiided for ^khet of those j^ace^.

Thed^patltoeBt of ^' Mbiiriebi^mtibes" eitbibitsa luti^iMMk
Akraagemcnt ofH^alciktatioils; itatiy of m^hich are veiy k>Bg
and iDtricate,' aad cfisplay, to great adv»itage, our tfHdiar'a
intimrtie aiccjkiaimiAlice wifh lMufiin«ser: and ki tbib,- as welt as
in* a* lai^ ^rlSbh df Ibe pv(;«fed{ftg( dfvkiOn> ht hHi, we b«li^if^
the Mrti6UIai^ merit 61 Deihg^ flie fti^t p^rsmi wboha^ e^racenV
ftttdf dtttalted the pi^ndplv^s of tbose caltHilktiofns.

By tHe IVequent intfodUbtioi) 6f d^imd prikici^ll^ mmxf of
the dtdhmges^ of flifsf sysf ert have beiftn greatly abbreviate and
•AhjM^tS. W^ httve noticed ^itb' particular pTtesUre many of
the etckXtiM. <>6hmt¥<M exerdifi^ With #hSeh they are accom*
pahiedi^ The atbittralkii^ of ekcbsfR^tf sM veiy ckaHy^ though
brMy, e^^plOitted, BkA fde^wark is dotlipfeted by a^'vi^ral bilfc

F6ieigi&,#hieh a^ M^rMI)^ed^aAd'Mect«d afc io can i%afttfef6
Mtibn' motiir of f!^ prtlMij^e^ dohtaihetf in^ the pMiCediilg ^
6ftHfe%ork. > ' •

SttUfim MdUd, hi fSWdUd Ul,itkkdlhff d phcr^ia^ of JSalg
and the Lapari Islands, and an EjscurtUm ii Fotfugai, By laauT.
. Gsir.CoeKWw;> mhx jif^44^.,^Z&, Jvifixdh^. 1815.

[Concfude^ irom p, 4^y '

W^totook lestvevf Xkixiiit. iGcnral' Ooctbani at the cealie
•f filoHiaiP rdhi^lnebt wdiviidite dqNfenrily i-^-^e GuctaPs
Visits td thb' enviroris of 'PdemiMiir ia brf av teehm neohlitet
tipotf mr to ptmue /im ^ the wdet]^ ctf iheir details. The
descriplSoii of tha iticiaft' eatediil' at Moat Reid is'deBerVmg
Of nbtioa. -

. 'f ^JmitRe^i is [three inilei .Aipm F^f^mo^ the foad to it
j^oa(];. 4|id very iliieyjbut ^a con^Inue^.i^sce^t. I stopped here
two b9ifrS|. tc^ see ah&^cathedfid ai^d;abl^
Th,e. viey^ froix\iience^iS mji^n'^cen^^^ cpvQtol^Ddiiig the country ta
jralermo jand .tl^ sea, -,*;'". * ,

^ fe cathe(1r4 M'^^ul. & iaVg- A^tf -Wfft. ^Avyi^i'hliiidSrrf
yeM slric^. ItT^, cerfaiSW Vfei*^ McifeVrf^r Atid Is a iilrSriie duS-'
rii^e of Gotfiie; (JVScittffr '.Arfa rfJk-rfl^i^t^ 4n*iatifctw^. Ktft of

al^€frtrt)lt Id^eridr^-^Wblitt'^^hit^e «f^()Mtt oi^Mc^ id Sq^l^Hf.
76 afisw tha ftittgulaf; chttfMdQcaf aiV:M«actmeia liii laiiWinm

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/QMMiMV iSoyagfi no iCa^ and eS6ral^. 6«

Mif (NKOtic'tHlXih^ in.^^ste ^aie .«lp]k>sted by Cb^idn ooliimns
cOf j^yplto gniDit^. '•Qjhe .capiti^lBi act aU order At' defiiwic^y
liniog p ftmnge.ixuxtore^'fidF vmrgets, .SerpetiU, ^andlMvea/iif^
llAflflflrd'lip.be Ah intlfftiati) qf u^be'Car^iitliifto. '9^M6e«olJanuiB IM

- f '' ' 31i« jritllfi.fiiid .oiiiliiig aifil eofrenbd'- mthonosalc -ttPevk ;' h«dng
(hul#A¥iri«t|iftU.W}|iiktfCB/<itthaaAfgl6^ md ;lieavy.apf»eara|iO0:
•tfeu^ juc^c 13 pojrtlf gl^t, and refitieseiita 4i variety iof^gurot^':
/9Olttidermgit0.ftOttt|aity^(itJs ^0ader(uli}O\v well those iiguM
are done. * • *

'' The church is also all paved in mosaic, and the gilding is of
^tpinre and^fine^ohli^ l/gotsome'^pieces^ whieh, totne shame of
t^.atljepdaDt.Q}e|[g7, ai^.tafcen.u^ aihiost: before. theu^faces, an'd
§^lA fyr Eitf^ '^^ iP^n^e) .to ^he \\iAitor. I (toolc tlhree, iM

lecture on the subject, inhere are scftne small fine columns of
T^^ijmnf^^JPi^^ fpdMFeireot pa4tS4)f .ibfcdiureh.

5Pbe,grfijM^lViriJs#3iiwi?# (^^jlyeRt^^orftywifijie jillfttrejietai' )i

%u£qs,oi %afA^^ t^i^^y .^^Wl'^^d ^^i sillier, lo^lped up In th^iSUr
iwk^' 'Ji'h^y o^y^»« J^rooight out fpr pay io^p««Uap -, they orna-

'^ There are say eral -fine .tv^l)s, and ojoe Tri^b six.porpbyiy
^pjujoans, sjupportji^ a.ccjiver of.pprpbtry Qvc a beautiful sar-
cophagi»^ of ,the{ j^i^ne istone^, saq;ie yrfe^t .ftke thoise in , the cathedral
^ti^/lfermp: oji^ . aiiot^ mono uftj^^p, Jn white marble niear it.

Sh^y coo^ifi t)ie bf^dl^s pf the^tVjiHin)^ , conqu^rar of Sicily, and
is^n, nvjio suiCQfiedfdjfrigi.,, A^ttbe^h^^ of tbis eburch, sdibQre
the altar, is^pplpisfialil^t ifi.^QsaiGj f»f;the gdVAOUr, finely dOQ0j

<' ,'):<hecofiveat a|t^«jb9^t9»|«tec»th^
^^^^4^ 3ifh^i».W^e:Vfr<»g«?odpJ^t)W«B, p»e in pwrljpular, M the
jhi;]ui of ttJifi j»tftir8» l|y P- J^VfUi* .repi»«ents.St Bwx^t.pen*
jfqrmiQg .sofDue rife ffSJ^ Qi^er. Thefle,»gre beridest .eighjfceeii
TY^ole length ggi^res, admirably .paiated. The gaQeri^iS of.tbia
ieoi^yent, with the.pnarble .i^tairs and al^ir-cafie are noognificeat^
and.the.T^e^ifr9m,tJke.terp(p^i8 moft.jdeligb^Cul.
, '! XJijB.pal^ of tje bisj^pp 49 now /i military hospital. There
isajipftjof pi^a^ stc^ngely.Jona^ p^ the jsjde of the -Madre
lk;hie^, a roi^^ture qf JSj^ian^ (fc^Hhic, modern, ..antique, ajad.tbe
fiOrd KiioAvs whatj ibi^t, . coosideriQg that it is made up of fca|^
m^fs^ ^ P3it together ^t^ diffene^t , peviods by. gentletoien Y/ho oncft
p^ Qii^/clay, ,it is.npt.yvitKout interest) though it forajuj •
^inyige mpd},^y of. aAti'que ppLumns and Grecian architecture^
placed, by forQQ jn.^coiioq^ny^JwdtAn^ftttpjitort ofjoickot^iGothiiv
aixd mpdem building/'

^ Som6 po^oant recol^^'oiipps muvt W^^ctatod^the/eiwiiiif
f|^sffvat}piia !

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644 Cochhtam's Voyage 4o Cadk iand QUMUh. ^

'' Mont Real is a poor -tcnm for Sicflf^ and yet I coMd
help thinkings if it vera iH Ireland^ and dean <wiieli» by
ynLVj I would not swear far; if there), what a f^Pe It "W^
make. Its situation is veey^xit; bat^ like the architecture of 'Hi
cathedral^ is a combination of contradictkme^t takes in r€gj mp^
posite characters ; on one ^ide we hare a mottotain Tlew, «s 1«-
mantic as any Salvator conld'iniagine ; look towards Palcniio« ant
the rich plain and vnaaaented buildings^ bounded by hyte^ the
sea, &c. present to the eye every thing that Claude or Wflsma
cold wish for." -

FVom Mont Real we accompany the General to Trapaii%
through Partenico, and his observations here, as they reelect
the condition of the Sicilian people^ well correspond with the
observations of preceding writers on this once hap^y island.

'' P^urtenico is a poor toWh> 'though' the king has a house here.
I had not heard of this/ thbiigli I made Ml enquiry from many^
4S to what was worth i^ng. His miyesty occasionally comes
liere. The gardens arte iti CL riiosC beautiful and'romantic sitration,
and ore extensive and well 'kept. An old castle on an elevated
rock, just close to a water-fell, with k fine back ground of monn*
tain, is very picturesque', ritid' stands within thS garden. There
is an ordinary pond, full of fi$l>. ^ The wtiks are dean, and the
orange-trees, now in btbsd6nA; aft^r the morning's rain, have a
Hne Fragrance. The situAtt<>n of this garden, ' and the beautafnl
irregular mountains with whlfeh it'ift surrounded,' and the view of
Borghetta, high abov^ it. Cm 'the side of a mountain, la fine in*
•deed^ comprehending both the sublime and beautiful.

" On returning to our inn, 1 was surrounded by* wretched
beings, the most miserable I have<seen in the island. Why do
not princes travel, and incoffnihy to see and know the oaisery of
their people > 1 fortunately had this day a dollar's worth of aoHA
copper coin in my pocket— it was soon exhausted -, and yet objeels
sprang up so, as to excite the most tender feelings of com'passion;
particularly towards children that seemed abandoned-^^ut 1 soon
found the most prudent part for feeUng, was to mount the mule,
and not look on eitheif side, which swarmed with numbers of poor
little male and female creatures in abject poverty and misery,
almost naked, and seemingly half starved, ail impk>rmg ^larity.
It was a hard thing to be ob]lg>ed to turn a deaf ear to tbetn;
ibut 1 did not do so tilt I got rid of all my small chan^^ silver and
«opper. I' reflected on whatMalthus lays down, viz. population
depends on food. H^re a mild eiiniate and cheap maicifroni) pro-
ittote an abundant popuKtion in the woM g6yerned country in
the world. t : •

" Malthus says, and he says truly, that certain vtkisery ia die
jEi,on«tant lot, and ever wiU be, of a great part of the hfoman raee^
all eannot eat meat, much less turtle; so long as faod'cabi^M

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€9chbwm's Veyage to Cadiz and GibraUaT. • 648

•aaily obteinedj the commoQ peofde will marry (perJh^ps their
only M«l comfort)-^hani breeding follows — a certain state benefit
vesttltB even from that^ inasmuch as it trains up hardy sons for
hardy occupations — ^but -vrben once food fails, population fails.
We see every day, particularly in warm climates^ that individuals
hard reared, maf do without clothesj but hot without food. In
Sielly» they appear from the united effects of bad government*
extreme poverty, habitual depravity^ and a broken spirit, really
to starve in a land that might and ought to be that of mil^ ai^^^
honey. The progress of population, and the depopulating cause*
appear to be just at ^' sort of struggle, like that between two
tides— <eometime8 ope gets the better for a moment, then the
pthfr* and yet neither advances ^ then comes in Malthus's position^
viz. *' it will regulate itself* — but, before that regulation can b^
exactly struck, there must be a struggle, so it is here j they can
just afford to beget children, for whom there is no employment.
The increase of t^e rfice^ ^without that of the mean^ of support^
will ultimately regulate itself 3 but ju^t at t^e tiptie when popu-
lation is near its ne plus ultra^ the struggle begins.

*' 1 left this scene of distress, produced by the actual efforts of
nature between population and starvation, in a cpuptry and cli*
inate capable of every thing, but by bud governpaent and mis-
panagement producing comparatively nothing/*

The siege of Marsalla^ and the ruins, of Selinuntum^ draw
fiome voy sensible and forcible remarks from the author— and
}iis reflections. on quitting the latter are too important, in the
my of corTobocatioo» to need any apology for insertion.-

** We rode several miles through an uninhabited country. I
have hot seen any part of Sicily so deserted. The chief cities are
l^ll on. the poaat. ^tna indeed, except in his upper r^iodtis, is
l^ell inhabHcd ; but the iron hand of oppression, has depopuloited
the iuterior of the island, and apparently also this S. E, coast.
•We rode along it above two miles, when the muk-path struck
more into the interior, over hills and through valleys, wi^hput
hbuse, tree,, or inhabitant ) but the soil was excellent, as I couh^
easily perceive, from the verdure, and from the wild plants which
grow luxuriantly. Its natural fertility is great, aud yet as to in-
habitants it Is a desart^ — ^how happens it, that where nature Is
luxuriant, and inyftes to a happy situation, which would abiind*
antly supply the necessaries of life, all should be more deserted
than the moors of Northumberland } for here I did not see even
a goat ; and yet we find men emigrating to comparatively barren
countries, and living in cold and disagreeable climates. It nxust
be, that men will not establish themselves under the heavy hand
of despotism. What signifies the dimate, the fine soil^ and tbe
natural debt's of this island, when its population groans under
oppression of ^ very sort ? where heavy taxation, feudal tyiraimy.

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99im ^^opdHf^^iAMgy, devour rnvmefTMngy juid mAk pm- fetnra
to 4he onfiMTtuiuite aiave^ .for so i must caM -bim. I everf.day
laoaeaiitkat.thip.fitie uiaiid is so ui^jiistly iU«ased> aod ao dofri^
asbly nuN&Mifif ^/'

. At SciBQoaj Goneml Cockbooi embackedl far <3ei^itft ; 'Am*^
gentomoootaiiwd 800,000 ialMbitaDts--4fae 'oityitiiQft flow dis
c«ptss 4he site of its Acropolk boasts a popuiation cf J^ei^
iJiousand perions.

*' *Ric cHy of ■Gergenti stands on a very Ingh ground ; and at
a kittle distance has a good appearance. Tdwnsf^ howeTCT^ \\kk
otber objects, often appear bekutiM Tit a distance, tbat tvflf tiOt
bear near esLamination. So • it- is with €tergentl. The situation^
indeed, cannot be surpassed : from it the eye is gratified with sacb'
pietaresqiie beauty, as makes me almost forget the enchanting
views near Messitaa, Tauromimum, and 'VeAermo. -Here infinite
vfDdetystrikes the beholder witli ^leadtire and astonishment, far
beyond my powers, of descHption. The hiDs present every vatietr
of outline.

*' ^Fhe country is in some parts cultivated ; olive plantations,
afoes, fig-*trees, vines, are intermixed and dispersed about witft
partial verdure, and here and there a heap of ruins ; the temples
at some distance, give an awful yet pleasing addition to the sceqe ;
the*lowD fcnrmin^ an amphitheatre above all. from theDomlni-
can convent, or just on the outside of ihe4own, is the best place
Ibr e^jogring this delicious landscape, which, with the b^aotifot
basin the sea forms at four miles distance, has .altogether a-fasci*
nating effect."

.iRroiD A^vigentom.the/GMicffal departed for fifaita, whithtf
«re are conoemed we cann<it at pvesent aifoid to -folldwhiiii;'
hfkt ^nelude with some of his remarks on the state of the.
I^icilian people.

' *' In respeQt to depravity qf manners, 1 have befpnu^eynarked*
ft(^t truth, Jnprality, and. even hcwpitj^ity, *re4*|4t of'the.$icil*w
cj^t^ogue. As the consul- at Palermo observed to ^s^e^.hoir can it
be,gl^erwise'? i^mongst ^he better prders ,tbey s^ fio .pn^^Mcp^^ ,
ii^^t ; yJrt^e is nqt respected, I mei^n virtue in tb^^Iarg^,seii|»
of the word — I am not talkii^ of m^i:e intryi<gjTT|qpf^'<,-^iwwi
even app^araaces. are set at ,defiai]^e. .IJ'he -higher .^aj9^« aris f».
faV. depraved, as not to even mind the9i — if any^great maa^witb.
a mistress gave .good dinners, suppeirs, ^c. &c. the first duchess. *
or princess, would visit her, ami be on an intimate footing — ob-
$ejc\'ance of outward appearance is ^vjiat they have no idea of, and
perhaps there is /some honesty in this. But they are loose in their
habits.

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CodtbmCi Voyage t<y daSiiz and QArdliar. 647

, " The cH^ni of ^teiOiog, ^hfth some of ^e ttagish attrilMRte
to tbem, is quite false. The gentry here, are gentry as in Eiag^
iaad — ^a single case does not |>rove any thing ; if it did in any de-
scription of depravity, public of private, what would become of
"^e English character ? A niaft*8 silver forks are as- safe in Sici^
lf9A a^ in £^Qgli8h company. The very lowest people, like' the
lowest people in ^ countries, and particularly in poor and ^-go-
verned ones, pltfnder and steal Where they can, and all are-dfs*
'{K)sed to get the better of their neighbour.

*' While I write all this, I must in justice recollect London j
ith^ji&lih)fk a Sicilt&n ti^veller might find as niuch to cbmmient
6'n trhei'6, arf I do here ^ but certainly very different. Tliere, as ill
the latter tlme^ of ancient' Rome, we see the vices Of great lujt-
U'ry*, and a state which has arrived at its utmost pitdh of perfee*
iSprfji tlie consequence of long prosperity, great wealth', and pAt*
fibular acComptoylng circumslJances'j but it is a civiliz'ed corrup-
tion, with still an observance of apparent virtue.
. ^' Pur courts of justice are pure, our greatr establiskbieiits are
s>i1^^ to controul, as. well as our ^eatest men j and our womett
ifkust mask their amours (if they have any), or they are bkisted>
but no doubt a part of the people are just as much disposed to
rpp^eiiy 9s the. SiciliAns, and as many cases of individmU disho^
^es^.wiU he found in other countries.

".The common people are far from what I heard them describee^
tube: .they are poor, aad live u.nder a goverameni^ and m-^
eouitry, where every thing is to be obtained for money) but tbtf
ipen iQ^e^ robust ^ud hardy, sober, and when Well tsealed^

The women are in general the ugliest in the creatioa-^I speak
of the lower orders, — their dirt, filth, and wretchedness^ is be-
'jfifM bcdief, yet all aa^e clothed. The only conlkfort appears in
tieirbfelidiHg--they sleep #(ell as to bed, but are devoui^i hf
Ver^h^ of (S sorts. A woman will sell her daughter, atidtXis is^
ji^ iftf^fedfnieiif, but the contrary', to her marriage^ it is theh^W
rbfttf 16 it; lor if she h'sfei only prudence to save a few dollars (as
all is for motiey here), sh^ is sure to have offers enough. I have
known many instances of girls being months with officers, and
thea sayingi " Now, I wish to be married — ^let me go.'* The.of-
ftoen glad to get rid of her, took her at her word, and she was
jinvitfia&ly married. They never get drunk, and are free from
many other vices. Their great faults arise from their govern-
menW-groiind hj oppression, and ill-treated, they are dirty i:n
she extreme-,- in^kicate, end ready to sell themselves from their
poverty.'* . l^

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[ 648 ]

MONTHLY CATALOGUE.

THEOLOGY.

Akt. 11. — The Judgment of ArMbhop Cranmer, concertff^ Ae

' People' 9 Right to, and discreet U$e of, Holy Scripture: togeffter

Kitk a comprehensive Manual of Directions for a profitable Reading

of the same. By the celebrated Propbssok Fravck. fNetet

before published in EngUsh.J Burton & Co.

What is here called the Judgment of Archbishop C^aBxn^r« is
ueither more nor less than the preface which that prelate pr^xed
to an e(Ii|ion of the authorised version of the Bible. Its present
appearance is accounted for on the score of its perfect concordance
with the views of the Bible Society, and the high sanction it
affords to the plan, measures, and proceedings of that truly vain*
able institution.

• " Our Reformer's judgment/* it is observed, *' should go fiu"
to silence certain objections to the Bible Society ; and under a
conviction that it would do so, the editor had formed the design
of reprinting this Tract before he saw Mr. Dealtry*s answer to
Mr. Norris. The extracts from it which are contained in the Bp"
pendix to Mr. Dealtry's work, though they justified the ofMnionof
the editor that its re-publication was to be desired, appeared at
first sight to preclude its expedience ; but as ^m the nature of
Mr. Dealtry*s able reply the extracts in question would be seen by^
few, and as that gentleman himself regrets that his limits did not
allow him to extend his quotations, the editor has veoUued t»
publish it entire, agreeably to his first intention.'*

Professor Franck*s manual of directions wiU be found a naefol
assistant to the studious reader of the holy scriptures. Thcnigh
brief, it is yet comprehensive ; though suited to the learned, it is
well adapted to the unlearned. And we consider its republication
as likely to be beneficial to the great cause of the di^usion and
general understanding of the doctrines of Christianity;

Art. 12. — Socinianisin unmasked : a Review of '^ American DMa^
rianism, or a brief History of the Progress and present State of the
Unitarian Churches in America ; compiled from ^Documents and la- '
formation communicated by the Rev, Jambs Fkeem ait, D.D^ and
W. WEhLS, Jun, Esq, of Boston, and from other Vnitarian Gefdl$»
men m this Country [America], by Uie Rev. Thomas Hi^skaW, of
London,** Extracted from the Panoplist, a Periodical Workipmh^-
lished at Boston, in North America, filth an Appendix, containing
Letters of President Jefferson and Dr. Priestley. Williams
&Son.

Hers is an American Review of MnBebham'a religious tenets.

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Mofithly CaCatogae— ikbcca^ioR. ' 9^

CQ0aiiecie4>irtth fheif prnvadence in Amy departatents of the
nited Stoles. It was written, it appears, in conaequence of thai
eeotlepiaD*8 publication^ entitled — ". A brief History of Am^man
Uoitarianitm ;** a work which, however objectionable in regard
to doctrinej yet deserves coi^siderable praise for nuldneas of c^
xnaxk, and wtcellency of language. The *' Review '• is mana^d
with much address. It is ingenious and acute. And though we
think the artillery of argument which it brings to bear on the theo-
logioal batteries of the Unitaiians, is not potent enough to .4^
atroj them« or lo dislodge the great leaders of the sect finom t)^ir
«ird|ig hold^, we yet cannot refuse to acknowledge, that maay^ of
its observations are sagacious, and many of its allegations sub-
stantial. >

EDUCATION. ;

Aat. 13. — A Grammar of the Latin Language $ in which the Aul^

' are iiUisttated fey Examples. Selected from the Classics. By C

Ijms^^,' Teacher of Languages: formerly Private Tutor in tht

' University of Paris, Author of Spanish, Portuguese, and Brenck

Grammars, Longtiian & Co.

• ArrsA Acarefal examination of the contents of this Grammar^
and a rigid, but not censorious, compirison of the actual merita
of the work, with the promises held out in the preface, we feel
anthOriKed in affirming, that the former have kept full pace with
the latter, and that the ingenious author has accomplished, in a mas-
terly manner, the design of which he gives so explicit a preliminary
narrative. The topits are, of course, the same in all grammars -,
and, indeed, the materials of which they are constituted can lay
claim to little higher than a monotonous character. But it is the
mode in which those topics are treated, the purposes ^o which
those materials are converted, which stamps the author as an ahl^
man, or his book as a book of utility. By those criteria we judg^
of Mr. Laisn^. And, so doing, it is claimed of us by the strictest
justice to declare, that he approves himself every way qualified
for the task he has undertaken. The chief maxims by which the
machinery of the I/atin Grammar is constructed and regulated,
nfeexplatoed with ample accuracy, and illustrated by a ktrge va-
riety. «{«»ainples. from authors of the first reputation. And the
whole is so planned, that not only will it be found to possess
every advantage of which a novice stands in need, but also to be a
\tsef ul sttsiliary to the more advanced classical student, asf a well
choaen eoltection of quotations.

Art. 14. — The Studeni^s Companion: or Latin Grammar^ for ike
Uie of SchooU; with short and eofiy JllustroHon^ frrnn the bat It^

' im Authors. By C. Laisnb, Teaclier of LangiAdge»z formerly
Crit. IUv. \(^ II. December, 1815. 4 N

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, PimaH 7Mh» tiiMe Umoemty of p€Bris, Author (f JLitmy Mp^ma^

t Tfifs is a brevtory of the Grammar jwt noticed. Its rela^^vt
tiietftd Hre therefore proportioned to its relative size. It is rather
better calcuhited for the facilities of scholastic instruction, and
Wifl conseciuently be more serviceable to the lower fbrass.

Attr. l&^i«lopi FaMa Sekeiit. mth E^gUsh Noim,fir lAe a§
• ^Mbo#/«. mtk EngiUk Fablei, tekcttdi ^Wifv» €aoZA£.L*# ^flbiys
■ «Mt4i^0mfed a$ first Exerdses for translating mio Latin, Law
A Co. .

Schools are already so well supplied with editions of ' JSaDp*!
Bablea» that any accession tathe stock appears aup»rflttow» and ia-
deed useless. Yet is the present editioa. entitled to the patronage of
our modem Orbiliuses. Equally regardful of the difficulties ex-
perienced by- the junior classes in decypherlng the onginai^
whoUy unassisted by English interpretatloa, aiid the too great fa-
cilitiet afibffdcsd by the accompaniment oi an entire translation,
th/e^ editor gives ia Bnglish those worda only which ate idiomatic,
or which have a pecufiiar constructioa. Tlus plan we have had
occasion to applaud in a former Number ; and on looking over
tke bmk betee ns^ we find no reason for coomoling our opinion.

i^T, 16.«^£liiMwr de 2a Grammakre Franroise. A Gfummar. <^ ths
. French Ijmg^age^ oompUe4Jr9m tihs hsU AathwrUm, on a neio Plan:
designed, to prepare Hii$ Leanner for cii^warjang ^ fi-eniihi 4Mnd taU
cuJUiUd to akridgt the Tune usuaiUf q^nt m foquirlng that Accomr
. pUskmeuL ijy Ph. La, Brixton* M.A,, kU ^^ Uxetur Culkge,
' Orford} end Master ^ the Aoadmu^ m Pol0nd':street* JUaw .& Co..

This Grammar is very creditable to the author's t^ents and
a$5i(!aity. If not superior, it is at least equal to any of its prede*
cessors. As such ir has our sincere cothniendat^on/

NATURAL HISTORY.

Aar. Vr^^An hUrodssctisn 4a the N^Uural Wstarf and Ctatsi/kaikm
ofImect9,knn Series offamUiar Letsm. 0ith Ukn^nOsee £n-
. gmislasgs. % Piiscii«iiA WAKanfiLO, Darton-ftCoi

Aa aA elementary work on the science of F^X&jsx^^^aS$> ^^ P^^
lication merits unqualitied praise. Tth^ aMt|^Qre^..pf|pfe§se» to
have drawn the better part of her materials from the works of Dr.
Shaw and Mr. Barbut. Be this as It may^ she has certunly em-
iiadied. a hu^ stock af - iafon&a;Mo» in a very, smal) ^ompass^ aad
yadageda iroiupiaw^ual^ w^aBet»rf» wifl be essentially useful
fo the j)xvaaih| Qiind.

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Kumeroufl oopporfifeite cQ^mvingp fird iMarted> ittttMMiig the
ehape, structure^ ami appearaiKft' ^f ^e voriOutf «iii0|«Af.<»f the
insect creation, which ^eail I9flieh to enbanee ih6 vUue of the
book, and to render it panrt «aocfptakle to tbe^stiideat ki na^ral
history.

POETfRY.

Art. \S.— Jonah, . Sn^e. ^i^foloiBeaA Priare F^em for thfi Y<tfi 1816.

JB^ Jambs W. Beiaamt^ 'itf*.4f iif <2«<^^*i 4!2»Z^; CiukMdge.

Taylor and bessey. r

« . > •'

This Poem, we are tok!, ot)taitted the last SeatottmA prize at
Cambridffe. .Whether . it won that distinguished honour by its
compartmce deserts, we are \inable to say; not having 4een the
efforts of Mr., Bellamy's unsuccessful competitors pf r^intrimSc
and indto'tdMoi merits our readers may judge from the ii^joined
extract ^ It consists of the six opening stanzas.

" Calm sunk the ckmiless Mn| 4«ys folt^g Iftein
Trembled -a^Mfe ofi JoMlM's h&lUMr*d Mf^atti •
Solt )ilay \1 ilve §o^\tsg ligHt, and litigiej^d still
On the ipey tiip <of Tiber's rvg^^ Hill :
Whei^, imta hfai liianM, by many tn diana eiidear*dk
Where anxious love his earliest youth had rear*d,
Jn ttiotiguisUl silence 'Jonah' bent nis way.
O'er thymy paths^ an4 vine-clad skMsHi^ stn^y ;
To watch itie «o<%en'd tints ttiai ^ii^i tiie sky,
.^Dear.asHqpe'^ visions to the mptur'deyfc - '•• --A

'<*'A^, *t#as a sceiie would warm the widoW*d bre^^
• Atld-iklm- Hm^ SQ^tows- of tHe S6ttl to rest.

Gild the wan cheek of sickening love, SEiid raiise
; A|Smilethatfaip(iIxapc»ks.p/h

Avlen YouUi^ untvtor'fi in ^e P9jge of woe, - ,
. >^i^'fopdly,dsksAp9fi4isebe)ov^. • ■ / ,

**'Fifl1t5jflliatf Jbh^,%iTi{s s«^<*er8«if *? ''''''

'fttf h*»f*i^'»flu*Hc^fdt,ihlrt'«J^*rrfdco;fttr(J^^ ,/ ^'
And as the seer, on Pisgah's topmost height, *'- * ' *' "^^
View'd the fair Land of Premiee and DeUght,
Thus, oft had Jonah's heart prophetic ^ow'd^
. ' V Aniftte fbe ftdtteft cihtlie pnftte*«dttv| >'X - ^ . - ..^K
Had^pMd Qn.aaiMi.4em€d/to^tooi{tai(t#^ .
, ilai^'d the diead veil, and. sc^n'd fi^turity^ .

:To:luiil theid»lf of4intnoflurit^Dbi0re$ ' " nnd

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To dlmb the brees^ hiU ilmt flidarts tlie pUa, •
And watch the sun, elow wheding to tte main i
While all around created m^ads tfwdl ■
The hymn of praise to iiod* MitifllMe&

" *Twas thus, beneath a cedar's goodly shade^
That dark and deep o'ercanopied the glade^
The prophet sate^ ip <{uick sn^cessioa roll
Visions of import high, that trance his souL
Fast at his fe^t still waters gently glide>
And laye the streamlet's wiiK>w^frifiged side^
While on its limpid bosom fondly play
The last warni I^is^es of deparl^ing day. .. «

" When fades that prospect from the changeful sky.
Why starts the tear unoiddc^ to the eye?
** Why pensive turns the seer, as evening shed ...

Her balmy dews, and bath'd his languid head 1 .
Sad were the thoughts that Memory's busy power
xPour'd on hi^ aoul in that forsaken hour : . ' * ••
For dark and drear the ontwird prospect lay; • . r
Unche)er*d by hearen'^bom Hope^s (irophetic xay t
And mu9ing thus^ in oumliers deep ;and low^ * ' ^
He struok the aoundiu^ lyre, to notos of woe." -. ^:

Art. 19. — The BrctAefi,'or Consequences. A J^tory 'which ht^ipai
eoerjf, fJl€^,\ J{^f^^ <p ^hat rnw^j^^^l J^art^^the Commuaihf,
the Labouring' PoQU. J9^I4AB,^H<s^J^,.^jBrMi(p4,^..J2inqr* Pp.71-
Button atKl.£jQj|^, X?]^*..T. t... ; ,« > .. .; ^

Wb are fpendsr. t^ th^pAor*— we harre a"sort Of synipaihetic feel-
ing for the labotitcrs^^ri th« service tofCerfesi Tn this Wijt do we
recommend these ff Broths/* - llilliiittle bo<]^ t^A ^MVi^ the Ju-
i^or peasantry as a.^(^fop.i»)4heHf«Ml:tor,n|^ at the

same timet^pft^O^ f^./qjb^ipnpe Aq ;^iiv|»^^ ai^ gpod wi8
to all mankind,; ;..,i t-.-irrr.-.u ='••')•'> .• , ;.

.»i!'ii'>i< ; fu? '.■yigoi*^ i<» { ■. .1 :■. i , ' .• ' ■

By ^^^HkBtHO ySLrf^,: A.MbMxm} Mm*; ^

FiOM the title of this' work'ihe reader, will naturally infer the
name an^i|iM0|i<|pr>4bf: the:u{l)€flrMin*Ui«)ki^/miflii^^ h^vei evet
been regarded wit^:, eq^ikfia^sioa'.fayxitle Bcilish .natkihi i^he uh
ferest of the sul:pe^liasv.ii)iJbiedv£rQfenifite ;p|biaenaei#f the iudi^
j^llfBk^i^imi^ am 4r,UbBlai^pMraMd4«klly pw-

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smecl MiydMniplion'ofMbMhaftiMi^ it^miHd'lii«« tten'fcVdniv
ably reeehrcd.. TIh eommenoemtfiit t>f > tlie firH Tolum^ relate*
concisely tbe ciTcamstaneM which preceded the defiarture of hi»
heroine. Thus far his incidaata ate coneeUy narrated. The re**
mainiog two volumes and a half describe the ima^nary adveiw
tares of the lady and her atJtendanfs on their coHtiaental tour.
The whole of which, with the exception of aa. anecdote or two
extracted from the newspapers, are the mere inTentions of a con*
tonptible scribbler. > In onier to gire the greater efTect to the im*
position, he intimatea that the '' unTarnished norrfative'* in qnea*
tion is written ty an " humble ^onpanion of his heroine's fiite.**
The artifictt is shallow, and the production itself Toid of iaterest

DRAMA.

Art. 21. — The Orphan, Revioed at Covent Garden Theatre.

NoTwiTBSTAKDiWG this dctcstable play is calculated to exhibit
new features o^ that peculiar excelleoce which \ii\s distinguished
Miss 0*Neill as an actres^ -, still we would gliidly dismiss it from
the stage. The atlthor, it is true, presents his heroine undct a form
the most imposing. Sl\e is an ort)han, lovely in person, with a
highly-cultivated mind, and a bosom glowing with the tenderest
sensibilities— chaste, yet warm'; full of virgin niodestyi yet thril-
lingly conscious of the melting sigkihat nourishes desire.

Thus gracefully attired in all the dangerous softness of her sex,
we see her exposed to a series of vicissitudes, wbrich^^ialt her cha-
racter, and pmmaqd our syippathy. The I4pr4s Jfolycjore j^d
Castalio Vanpusty assail lier with ooundles$ {>assion : the,on^
rages with illicit love;, the other, soft, humble, and in^inuatiijg.
wins her afT^ctions with the trembling ^loquenc^ of sigtis anq
looks that'' ^i^i\. into the heart, and make the sciises captive.
Their fa^ther-p-hcr .benefactor — ^is proud .of the Orphan's worth j
but m\icjii prouder of his own descent! while her orother, a-^-
dier pf ^rjtui^CUt^r.rQg^Dt in .adversity, assumes the privilege of a^
unfeeling . monitor* The contending- emotions produced by this
4lg^ency arc * precisely those whicli legitimately hiirmoniie with
]}^i6s..01S^^iirs pathctjc t^Uentsj and we think ber Moqimia surr
jj^^ ai^; her^fpfmer efforts. , '.. " ' ^

But :3iusT w^ ire .fe^n<liled lo .the gtaadeiAr >9f' her musiooir
when hev:fo^1^(Ciiin9^m«04w«^iDnittmr^in9'bie«^
to her^vertpg Upsi, f^dt^rs to Pplydore, " Whetn^ did ypa resi Ifui
ii%^P*«HBa(!AVss^ pn his replyiiig, *' In ymir arth^," she falls t^
MM^4Barth!witli the awfulfieos of sudden death^' 1^.^ mpraUy g^
•t^ne « timt wofihOuHl forget, uniier the sublime ifupresi^ioa /^forced
by MisfrO*Neill at this appalling piogient, that the source of our
aroused feeUigaiiloiittt .Wkth, <(h^ nknt horrible oo/hitemplation }

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C54 UooMff Cafcakg^HE'ranrif

I ofl tltti symfMtfqr laxukm, wKAnnufB^ior^Am iamm
fofti victiflDf okndfiBtiMly ntrmd to one biwther, md mm daa-i
totiaely potieflied by aooltor ? No !*--teSBSiiity leooiU £mn «
catBstro{>h6 80 fMe-enaiiKatly ikealioiia. Tbe picoe ovghi to b«
waibdnLWD.

We will Bol framie thmsvlipeet; b«t we heg to offer a mspeci*
fill wbisper to Mies ONeili bdeie wt Cake our leare. That sbe
doee nol 'poasees more sioccffe adsiiraw tbaa oniecivee^ wHl bo ob^
mm to all who bovc nod oar UisYaioiric ^etghm.* TIk^
wme written at a period when critidsio was donbt&l aa to tbo
fKMitive laak of tkia yeuog lady^a t8ilent& Wie thbk ime^ivo-
catty .aligned to her a station which she baa Binoe fiited aloMeC
without a didsenting opinion. But will she continue^ with ani-
vcwai consent, to naintajn her post^ of honour ?

Prosperity requires much aid inHD philosophy to be borne with
aquanimity. We would, thereforev oenjure Miss O'Neill to re-
nember, that she owes all her popularity to the total .absent of
extravagance and i^ction> which proclsdmed the irresistible
ebaroi of nature in her every word and action. I^t us npt> there-
fore, be permitted to suppose that she wanders from her , allotled
path to seek the footsteps of her Tnnultable predecessor. She i$
not, nor can she erer be a Siddons ; but she is, in mind, and in
person, a model not less pure] and so long as she content herself
with the occupation of her 6wn jpedestal^ she will reniaia the
l^u^fut olyect of general admiration. / , J , . .

AKT.fi^^-r^Thiifterlane* R&skHqiDruTyrLgaiie Theatre, . ^

tTK'are always disposed to pay our be^t trlbiue d applause th
Ae* wild genius of Mr. Kean 3 Dui we Avffl tett him why he is less
Irapable of personating Bajn^et, than sbtue c^her characters with
which he is, bVhabtt, ,tnofc fixtniliaf. It^ appears to tls, that Xh^
heavy play Was expressly written to tfevelope tmndcendascy of ta-
letit In the actor persoilating^ the captive xhonarch;' The platidh^
of Tahierlane — the despair of Moneses— the wrongs 5f ArpAsiar:-
fee sufferings 6f Selima — sl/e thrott^ii into' the <£mijia With tb^
Iniaeination of at palntei^, who dn bodies the depths of cAlaro-^cn/to
bh niscanvass^ to elicit an incffvidual' portrait With- cooxiaA^ii}^
force aiid'spJeAd6in^.' At' alt '^Veht6,' such wad tile taste of Mr.
Kemble*s reading ^ and when /le wasl!kija2iet,'t^'adttlhnftion of
W» aiifikA^ \k6 Whirflif MbMlbtd iu bS#'di»aeibi9 *f • ' '' ^
<'*'W'e^otiDtpii^(>9<s t)»-d^w«<«titn)te^ If Bieatettrdqaaie

te^Mil energy e«Ht>pef.'ltivfr wii^^ttbftaVvi^«iiir^ U^om/iMi^: Keai
^mhaall^kti ermf ^ We JnUst, h^tv^V^r, Ikkeliitiri «»lt« «e»^sav«g«,
t«H&t0eM,' litid^ bki^h«4noMs. : A;V^yftt«, mj^^'A mtmusAfmnxf
ki^,\ik^ iM>C^Mn i^th )»c»^e'fl«i^#heto And tHUfMkf^A tile f»

Mhil till. .liitfOit ro.i titixi ,nM>ii...lii ,*li<.'nr|JI4i <«!*> .f.' tM*i*

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/>.MiiiftlilyCalriggiite-^J)w^ ^ ' §S9

«to irtil>'hAa^jtt9l^krod iqMiliiHi^ than h« tv^s iijpta 'fMft^ifciM^fA
Hm facigM t>€ hisHuy^^AdraHtedrbue werdB not MieH tliii
iSm vMftSMvtleis fvvy 6f ■ liespocie priticv^ cafitvtv tn ptPAem, ifM
Aree.insHili. onf^iO'beehanicCanMd b^ tlie'bnft^ «ttMiMite#*«ff
• tigpffflMuitively.spfiiigio^ upon his pumoer. We ^xp^, i«^
4eed» to &kI ia BiuaseC'a notind di«tone# »fy all tiMr^niilgtiHkg
ifirlticdi lififmierthe nature of ttudr; toteren hisr cliHtt»' 4ntf hto
blfi8plMiiMeff.oiiglitlo.be vented wttli therigv^ gf mt^/ts^i ^^
wftlxdiini^ktdfiattoabinfiUythminpingtit hts:o#«lH<^^ ^ liiir>*
ing impotenjk pMnacea io tbs veiy t^irth' oF his cowquermr.'

B^azet was tbe most ambitioas, as waH as the<m«9^sp)elidid
of tftonnrete ; - Tatmrlatie' the mightteat of warrwn. Thelbraier
if goaded; to madaesa by bi» defeat, and frealy ^KaHaaea' tb«
Tcngeanee, that lanjdes In. Mi heart. He is provoked hythe gtn**
^.b^artug^ of the latteF^he ddles man and God f He' i»^ iix^^i^
cable in Ua hatcedK-blaod^hihtty in Im rertngiei BtfUh Kbe dif*
tineation of all these hbrribia^amflicla* is not^dfetlnet fmm tte
nannera of a king; and^ tokbmk^ wHeneiFor dfgnlijriaaaie&tkil^
Hr* KcaU ia defieientr

Hasiring said thus nueli^ we twerut the nsdii. Mn. Kemtu
B^aosei loatha in proportion aa he feels degraded ; it la h^-^pb
tivity that gives constant fuel to his boiling passions : h* splits*
at- proffered courtesies, "like n demon : he repels kindness with
vindictive sarcasm : b^ is ckol^ wijth Overwhelming agonies :
he cannot roar defiance, but hlises curses from hj^ grating. t(eet|^ I
whUe the poison of all fhe blacker p;issibns appears eag^r to rusH^
like a torrent, from his lips, and to (tood witji destructiop. No-
thing can he more pow^fuTly copceived than bis reply if> Tam^r-
huie, when mildly asked how he would have acted had he l)een
vkipiriaiM; ' ' » -u''-^ m'>'' ■ • . ' ''

Hta epai diatendi with jovage joy y his evuTirleattn&gilRfaa.TtfiK
mn Itnpiaiia daring that pmuS^ modia ftttunl|(is> he imfetnmuif
•aiaea upoft » monoatary ilhition- to gloat wUhal.; aadliiii imp
fiuicy hMfweta on the shadows of gfatiiled: amUtiba.. Aadjwi
nil the(Ni-iiit i«QPeaiit abuUitfODs of • deapair f fae hepoiMOl ia thfe
Maoei^Ktof wiagnaoimiiy. v ..

Mf4 Knao; iff ewer svceesaful at a;ahi»<t KnAaRcei.wkBii'it da
pvagntipViidtltiiilponU He.dedUofiea while ntAeaing the/ fioUamng
words: . j *

'' Ahil.doeaitgmlF.ifaae, tyiiantr? m

And* iaihe aoena with bis deoghtar, whcorain Biyaaet ^soaveta
that the etoapaof AxaUa-kia alaire^a habit, waa .On iataftefifefslMf
ber kive fofi the itigitij^e, Mr. KeaA- displays' miiMh impwaiive
diacnfounatioo.. Stfll,. Tii«ar^Bf^aaei is not the aniy poBtoaife if iJM
ptef. Whenthertevend eaplli>ife0:are aheiat.io. btspnmatiltoifM
Taneitaie^ the baok.gacMinEi o£ the pktmia is>.eiirinhedL>«eil4ifa
0obl^^roupe^thlKtdiaaiaHabesf<th0 advanced figuue.' ' • v

A|n<Mig theaajr MoafiMw^lowera ^ove hia -eoaapanianaimatit/aa
affective InflHCAfift: eQuaUir unexpected ^wd adairaUai Iii<

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65ft MoiilUy Caliilogiie^3«ttcettaii«oitf.

BottAH hMd, elAMical costume, and fokkd arms, exempHiy die
|(K«ccftU dignhy of Konble's hero of Ceriolt; influimicli, ClttC
f^r vmoe mofneols we eaiild ImTe iM^ed we ssw ite fiiritai
eo^(our of the great actor belbfe us. Nor did tlie dechmaation of
Mr. lUe detraet fmm this flattering impiessioa. Wlmevep
placed to advantage in tragedy, this Gentleman discloses a mind
richly fraught with academic study | his readings ate ptire 5 his
action is chaste ^ and were we to indulge the fi&ess ef u of»^
m0n, we could add, tliat in highly imjMissioned seencs, the Imhl"
ness of bis energies is without a parallel on the stage.

MoNESBS is tibe rival of Bajazbt.

It would be equally ungallant and unjust to, forget Mrs.
Bartley's Arpoala. She never looked so well as in the Grcdaa
dmpery with which she robes this character ^ besides, she plajv
wit^ truth and fueling. In her last interview with Moneses^ her
speechless agony at beholding the bow*strfng applied to the neck
af. hor lofer, could only be surpassed, in effect, by the climax
that immediatdy succeeded. The adieus of Moneses min^c with
the guttural suffocation by which he marks departing life as he is
hurried oft by taalttes. Mrs. Bartley, who is prevkiusly the statue
of despair. Utters one heart-rending shriek — falls, and instaatiy
expires!

MISCELLANEOUS.

A»T. 23. — The Moral Tendencies of Knowledge, A Lecture, delivered
before the Ctty Philosophical Society, Dorset Street; and the Chris-
tian Phitological Society, Spitalfields. By Thomas Williams.
8vo. • Pp. 50. Williams and Son.

*' Taa outlines of this Lecture/' we are are informed In a pie-
Hminary advertisement, ^< was delivered to a small but rsspertable
literary society, since extinct, in the vicinity of the town. The
approbatu>n with which it was favoured induced the author to
enlarge it, when applied to for a lecture" (to ie read) '' before dia
<% IPJbslosopfttoai Society. On this occasion, some Members of
the Committee of the Christian Philological Society, who happened
to be piesent', requested that it might be repeated to them, which
I9ts»d0be witli^sone forther enlargement> and it is now printed
at their unanimous request.'*

Mr. Williams takes, first, a cursory view of the mo^t important
kinds of knowledge— secondly, of the manifold advantages
which an ai^quieuntance with them confers oh the human cha-
ittctsf and thirdly, he oonsiders the objections Whidh harrow-
BBuidedness has raised against their general diffusion. In hand«
liAg Chese topics, he displays much accurate information, mudi
sagactoua thinking, and much just obtepvation. His reasarics on
the various woiks of genius whidi have enlightened miodEiad,
aad adamed the paths of Philosophy, History, Khetorie, and Poe-^
try, evince studious research apd nicediMHiminatloa. •

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Mondiiy Cstalogoe^-'-MUceUaneoug. 697

If there b« any canse for oensure, it it to be fdund in tbe stj^^
l¥hich is oocaaionally affected, high-flown, and extraTagant. Theae
blemishes, boweveri ocoUi- bitt seldom ; and, though our critical
duty obliges us to notice them, they do not, we think, form any
bonsiderabk dei^ridtalion to the geneiai exc^^nteift of the pi'oduc*
lion.

Akt. i-^The i^aris Spbcfdtor; or, L'HehniU de ta Chaus^e lyAn^
1m : ^ofUaining Observations lipon Parisian ifanners and Custonu ai
the Beginnbig of the Nineteenth Century, Translated from (he
French. By William JbrdIn. 3 vob, l2mo. '\

The Order of the day in the reading room is still ** Paris **«^^d
British press teems with nfws from Pari^^^eaph petty diuxpal
and weekly print regularly begins its columns with news received
from *' Paris." Travellers, fresh from the continent, overwbehu
us with their accounts of French politics and French plays— ^of
proscribed ministers and exiled geoerals-^of favoured eourtesana
and pampered priests. Some extol the wis^m and firmness of
Louis! — others insist that the ex-Smperor Napolbon has \fW9L
^he victim of the basest treachery and treason^

We find now before us descriptions and opinio^s.delivered after
the manner of the English Spectator of old^ but, IhfOUgh amuatng^
far — very far behind it as a literary composition... We are told
that M. Jony is the author, and that he originally eommi|tea
ihem to the Gazette de France, in which paper the^ appeared lit
weekly numbers. They are supposed to be written by an old man
"who had resided many years in the suburbs of Palis, and who h«4
employed his time in observing the manners of the people^ and
noting down the eventful occurrences which of late took place in
}hat far-famed city.

llie English spectator will live in after ages-^bui the Frencb 19
suited alone to the present moment. As a correct and lively dfir
acription of ihe people, and though a little disfigured with polln
iical detraction, it will be read with considerable interest by Pa-*
risian visitors; and those who may have made any acquaintancQ
with the character of the " Great Nation:"

Art* ,— w^ Tour tkr^gh the whole of France ; oir, a new Topogrk*^
phical and Historical Sketch of cdl its most important and tnterestilt^

. Cities, Towfl9, Fbrts, Castles, Palaces, Islandst Harbours, Bridges,
Rivers, Antifquities^ £rc. ^c. Interspersed with ^ritms and ilustrutivi
Anecdote oftht Mdnners^ Customs, Dresses, ftc. of the hthabitflnOi
By John Basnbs. Darton^Jun* 1815.

Thb compiter of this little Aetch t^ys, thdt he has availed hini->;
•elf of the best modern information within his reach j gleaning
from various authorities, and concentrating into one point of vieW
im that he supposed interesting. His labours will prove no lesi^
entertaining to the reader than useftil to the traveller.

Crit« RBVi Vol* IL December, 1815. 4 O

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WQEKI5 1^ TH£ BU^&S,

will be' published^ Part I. of an
Historical Account of the Bat-
tle of Wate^oc^, \>y Mr. I^I^d-
Ipiti ;^ accompanid with a seri^
of splendid epgrayings (tw^ty
iii niimoer)^, imUlra^Ve of 4^6
counlry between i^nissels and
WMerkx).— This work will be
prittied in oiper-royal quarto^
and hot-pressed.' Tit drawings
from which the plates are tak^n
v^ere »& made ixppn the spot.
niere wiHbe a Map idso, c^e-
AtUy laid down front actual sur-
rtfr an^ exhibiting the exact
positions of the di&rent corps
txA ^visions' of ike allied or-
Aiies. ^hework will'be com-
|>lei^ in ^our Parts.

A new volume of Paris Chit-
Chat (being the third), is in the
Press : and also a new edition of
the preceding Yolumeci. 'k'liis
panofamic vi«!w of Parisian' So-
^iisty published in "S^rance under
the title of Le France par leux,
will thus be completed. I'-his
work 16* a sequel to the Paris
Spectator.

ideadlong Hatt> in one vokime
Ibol^p. . "

The author of the Philosophy
of Nature has in the Press,
^i;i^l^eQj^,ii;^ SolitUi^e, or thj?
liffluj^c^.Qjf Scien^^ tit^ajti|^>
ip^d the li^|?i;al Axis, o^ the 9pn-

Siantagnello has. QfQarlj[
ready for ^ublJi|ca1jion a Wpr^
oil an ^htir^ new plan, <^t?i,lu(;^
ttaliaii^PlirflseoWgy, iiitendeii^to,
&rve as a (Jompanion V> ^^
dxaiivmars. If, 'yciU £9^^^ ^

cqUeptiQp i)f t)K pjioi^^ iifMii)'
Phrases, with their various ea^
atmctions, explained by a new
meth<)4 > % Series of Qaest^iuy
and An^v^ers, for the iM^ of tca-
v^llersj ^9pl{{^tioQofnoyeilia,
a^4 fk cppjpu^ Olossary qf the
most difficult Words tl^t o9^iir
in conversation.

The 1\anslation (done at Bi- .
ria) of the two cqnchiding to*
lumes o^ the Loisirs de Bona*
parte, will appear in a few days.

The Aiturt farts of the new
edition of iSir William I>iigdale*4
Monasticon, will be conducted
by John CkJey, ^^. Keeper of
the Au^en^tion Records 3 H.
Ellis, ^q. l^eeper of the MSS.
in the British Miueum^ and tlie
Rev. BuUdey Bandinel, keeper
of the boidUL^an liibrary 1^ Ox«
ford, the former sole editor.

The sixth Part of Portraits of
Iltustrious Persons, 'with l^io^

Cphicai Memoirs, iiy Bin
. ige, will be pijibltsK^ q^ n
few days. Hie subjecte ifjnr^
Thoma^ Cromwelii Earl of £5^
sex; Alg^on Percy, Bari of
>torthumberland j Matdiew Par*
kerj Archb^liop of C^terbuiy ^
Elizabeth WoodvOle, Buc^s^
of York; Lord Keeper of Co*
Vi^irtQr.V ufiA MM^ first hosi
A^t^i^

I Tha MirsQc for.Maidrtxatei*
.^Mte4 by Aoi^ JdiAsfewQQd,
ilii^. yi^j^ ij^ Tap(ttaft<by|ing»
ff^m crfi the. pioeceding ^tio^s,

IS n<>}i{ rjeady; foi^ pi)Wo|^k»iiy

l^un4r^d ^ ^\iJ^, 90^)^ ^i»n

' the whnle of urKA mn^ ,gni>atfigd.

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Work$m m firiis, '^.

R$$

' Kr. Vm^ lias i«tH fiUblfelied
tt4$ ^ecifhfi voKfide of the Ath^ntier
Oxonienses^ and prot^e&i iH
pf^i #ith ifie tWM trith6ut
tM I6fi^ Itfierrtil^c^.

tirafc, Bristol, author o# afi Inr-
4M^ Into the Fkth61dg]^ 6r
S^ftfftM/ is* prepixrfW^ f61r the
jMis af ^oH( Ml Fulnlbn^
C3oiiTClh][MnlMf/ ' wM^h' wilf b^
rim^ ibr pm^c^^ in

ftc dl)^irfg^.i

or the Virgin Queen. a'^6k1^
Mfte^eed ftotti'tlie Ari^iml Per-
ibliiy 1)^1 i^ar dl» ni^nthr.
• M*«itiJited' df Chfibtfeh Pei^-
#eHW, of llf4Ka¥ms the^ Bgyp-
-dan, called the Gh«at. By
OnliiVaie ]^en%^ Esqi snlalf d^vo.
is iTtHtiWpr^iif.

*h» Wv. StahtafeT Hoi«er,
IfeM has in th« ^ti^ a n^w' Di-
llon, being tile MSh, of his
If <yw,6Vitf»nl'6^ienM GtibCo^s;
if hi£» bfeen^ i%vi!iea throiigtiout,
iind instead of forming two s^«
li^' 6f rrt^rit^'rf tb' viartous
pii^igei df s^ipture, th<e Wh6l^
^ill now be incorjkyhftt^' in oile

^Iii tK^' phsss; 9enh6ii§ on
Prac«l^'^b5fcct§> pi^^hed ;be«^
ibW tfte-HonottrableSdciety'of
Jiittc6lh*8^ Irtn;' by; ^ohit LA«g^
home, Diiy. a ilfeKv'^IRon, 8vo.
M^boaitlA/

. Speedily will be i^tlblifefhed) in
dt^ thick roluniii 8Vo, a' n^w
ettHioii'of rftrfeW^ver^it o^ tlr^
e6^V Qt66tmng to'SMnt Mat^
theW,wltb aUteralCoriimehtkiV
tt^ thedifferWrt paiftsiges. To
iHilefibis^pt^fixed, an Idtirodnc-
tibn tH the reading- of the Hbly
ScHpftiris, ittt(<Ade4*chi^fbr
iitg Shidents fft DiViriity.

Lenlhnt.

Df. Belt ^ndttribts for ofibli-
teKoh; in the ttktt^ df iiiit
rirtaeh, JhfstMbHionif fd^ db'n'^
ductih'^ Schoofi; thrmfHit the
agen^bf the sehoTA^. dth"^-^
tiorfyg^e^Atlf^hfitrg^. ., _; *

In nifeW dJiyi fiWb^ pul:^h-
«/ fcV the tise of. tmoiOs, 't^
n^'fiakhipefioi ^dm&kif Ro^
Blntb'n Ciiiti^; hbth' V6ft^^
complete in one thicfi* Hftfto.*

fymmsheA ^m ssk b^utifui

engravinOT.

hld^ot^dl it^* dtiMmve At^
coii^t if the; InqbiJftfon, iff H
has subsisted in different CdUib^
tfi^f abMged' fifoAtA^ elkbq-
rute Wort: of Phifip fiiifaborch,
Praffesisbi' of DlvihHy 't^ Am-«
sterdam, and continufed hf,^tk^
tracts fi%A i^b^uftlt w'rit4i]B^
pblitidar reiledtlcjtts onitsteVi-
v^^ m &pQi6\ ahd dh'HtetdirfSai
Survey of theChribfian ChurM,
ftV^ni the. earliest &ig^^: iii di^e
voApitie 8Vo,' withcn^iyWfagsV [
Ml*. Wm. Bediiiificld, Apb-
thecal^ to th^ Bkfetbl ftifiAiAy .
ihiend^ ^hortfy to pfibl&b a
Compendium of Medical' Priic*
tice^ illustrate^ by ca^s add^ob^
servatiohy. Royil 4to.'

Mr. a Sktitia^ Wffl ,^fl

pablish a- gr^coiid edition oiP HUt
IVeatisir on Diseases of the Eytf

Medico-chirurgioal . IVfttis^-
tloniT b/ thfe' Mctttcalaad'Cliij
rtlrgical Soci*!ty of London", vd£
vi: will slrortlybe piiblished. J'

* lir. Alexander Marcet \6 dUtiia
td Commit tcrthe press ati Bss^
on. the Chemical Hisldry' ana
Mteffical TCVeatinertV of the Uri^
niiyO«!^id!, with plates.

Br. Kirre has in the pfes^

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Wbrk^im the Frea, Ifc.

VoBfkj of the Liyef ; also his
rathok>gical Researches^ Part IL
. Dr. Bateman will .shcMrtly
publish the fifth Faficic^lus oi.9,
aeries of eqgcayingt of t)^e De-
lineations of. the Cutaneous Pis-
esgses, q>]iipri#ed in t^e Classic*'
cation of the late Dr. WiUan.
. Dr. B<MuddSaOf Coventry, )ias
yearly ready for publication a
Translatiofi of the celebrated
Urork of Cfbenis on Ceftain^ ia
Medicine.

Air, Leigh haa. in the, press a
l>^arrative of the late Revolution
iu France, from the Landing, of
^onap^tfte i^t Cannes, to his De-
parture for St. Helena^ with
plans,, &c.

. JE^milia of Leodinau, or the
Field of Leipsic $ a poem. By
i^ary Arn^dd Hpugb^^n} with
ft frontispiece.

The Pufple Island, a poeqn, by
Phiqe»s Fletcher ^ with a Dis-
sertation and explanatory l^fot^,
is nearly out of the press.
.' Mr. Mfm. Daniel is preparing
the remaining Numbers of his
Voyage through Great Britain

A Novel, to be called Valenr
tine's Eve, from the pen pf Mrs.
Opie, is nearly ready fpr publi-
cation.

British Monachism, or Man«
p$n and Customs of the ^ionks
find Nuns of EngUnd^, by Tho-
mas D. Fp^brpoke, M^A- ifl in
the press.

Mr.T. Keith has. nearly ready
for publication a third edition of
his Introduction to Plane and
Spherical Trigonometry, and to
the Stereograpbic Pcojection. of
the Sphere.

Censura ^iterafia, oontaini]:^
^Titles, Ecitracts, and Opinions
of Old English Books, especially
^pse ^hich are scarce. By Sir

£. Bridges^ RJ. 10 Tob.

new edition. lOQ oopks omiif

will b^ ponied,

Ui#4i;^iuid AntiqiMtiea of the
Abbey ClMudi «t JBath, Ulw*
tvated by v^rioya Plaa8> Views,
&c, a«d> Apiecdptes of the jnoit
di^tioguiahfd Personft iirt^ireA
in theChuroh. By Johft ttal^
txm» F.RJS. .RofalSvo.; «liO
in misdium:«iii inspmsl 4to« .

Mr.. Gri^s 9order^ Anttffui^
ties is pronused fbr poUkatioi^
the l^ler i»d pf l^ proactti
month, «

Mr. j. G. Parkyns has in tiie
press, Monaatic and Baxooia^
Remains, in two vols, rofal 8vow
iUlistrated with upw&ids of VOO
engraviaga. .

The Spee^es of. the late Bd-
mund Burke are ia the press<

S^elehea of Character, or Spe*
cimena of Real Life; a Nardj^
3 vols, new edition.

A Treatise on Practical Men-
suration. ^yNJiabett. In eight
parts.

The thind volumeof Bnttoa^
Beauties of Wiltshire. I to com*
plefe.the work.

J)t. Aikin*s Antmls of the
Rei^ of King Georga II). is
nearly ready for pabUcation.

Mr. A« P. Nemmicfa is pr&r
paring for t|ia press,* a Polyglot .
Dictionary of ti|e moat general
Necessaries of Life and Artide^
of Commerce.

Mr. Storer has Just conspletsd
the 14th , part of his Graphicai
and Historical Deflcnptionof the
Cathedrals of Great Britain. —
Parts 1^ and 16 are intended for
publication early in the :y^r»
These will Qon^ete the aecond
Tolume, compfiaing Histories •
Of rth» following csthedmltf (iK*
lustfated with gsraiiclplaiis>inr

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iy6rh9ikihePfm,^c.

6(n

tcHDr and exterior views), Tiz.
Peterborough, Lincoln/ Oxford^
KYinchester, Canterbury, Cbi-
i^beeter, Salisbury, Glottcester,
Hereford, Chester, Worcester,
Uchfield, and Rochester:
* Ne^tmonthif^ill be published
in 1 vol. 8vo. the thiid edition
»f the Aagler'e Guide, with new
Copper-plate -Engravings; and
much additional Information on
Angling for Sea, River, and
Pond Fbh : at the same time, a
clieap edition of the abo^ work,
with wood-cuts.

The furst part of W^Wool-
noth's Graphical Jllttstrktiofi of
the Metropolitan Cathedral
Church of Canterbury, is now
ready for delivery to subscribers
and the public. It is accompa-
nied by a History and Descrip-
tion of that venerable Fabrick
forming in itself a History of
j^ngiish Architecture^ firom the
glimmering Dawn of Saxon ef-
Ibrtvntil it' reached its zenith
to the tasteful productions of
ChiUenden or of Goldstone.

•Proposals are issued for pub-
lishing by subscription, the His*
lory of the Colleges of Winches-
ter, Eaton, and Westminster j
with the > Charter Hbuse^ the
Free Schools of St. Pauls, Mer-
chant Taylors, Harrow^ and
Hugby, and the School of
Christ's Hospital.

On the Ist of January will be
published No. L of a New Se-
ries of Aehermann's Repository
of Arts, Literature, Fashions,
Ac.

The Origta of Pagan Idolatry,
aseevfeLined firom historical tes-
timony and eircumstantial evi-
dence.' % ^e Rev. G. S. Fa-
her, Sector of I^ong Newton;
Yaimx wdU shortly be pablitfhed.

The Russiaii Prisoner at War
among the French:' By M. Von
Kotzebue. Translated from tjbe
German,

Mr. SutcUffe, of Hnddersfield,;
civil engineer, will shortly pub^
li£^ a'trdly national Work, pe^'
iculiarly calculated to interest
the Mechanic, the Manufictu-
Irer, the Canal Proprietor,- the
FVifrmer, the Corp Millei*, and
the Corn Dealer. The woi^k'
will comprise distinct Treatises
on Cotton Spinning, Observar
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