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in  2012  with  funding  from 
Duke  University  Libraries 


http://archive.org/details/dukemagseri78199192791993 


OCTOBER-NOVEMBER  1991 


BREAST  CANCER:  TRAGEDY  AND  TRIUMPH 


OVERHEAD  AND  OVERREACTIONS 


STAGING  AGING 


KNOWLEDGE  BY  NIGHT 


T#^ 


0u 


WHEN  YOU'RE 

NAMED  FOR  DURHAM'S 

MOST  FAMOUS  FAMIIX 

YOU'RE  EXPECTED 

TO  BE  SPECIAL 

Since  the  late  1800s,  the  Duke 
family  name  has  been  closely 
associated  with  excellence 
and  achievement.  Today  the 
tradition  continues  at  the 
Washington  Duke  Inn  I?  Golf 
Club.  Situated  at  the  edge  of 
Duke  University's  campus, 
Durham's  first  deluxe  hotel 
offers  171  luxurious  guest  rooms 
and  suites.  Play  a  round  of  golf 
on  a  championship  course 
designed  by  Robert  Trent  Jones. 
Enjoy  international  fine  dining 
at  the  Fairview  Restaurant. 
Relax  with  a  drink  and  good 
conversation  at  the  Bull  Durham 
Bar.  Whether  you're  visiting  the 
university  or  planning  a  get- 
away you'll  feel  like  a  special 
guest  in  a  gracious  Southern 
home.  Call  us  at  (919)  490-0999 
or  (800)  443-3853. 


Washington  Duke      ~--r 
Inn  &  Golf  Club      teS 


Note  to  readers: 
This  issue  of 

PhL'  Mu',\i~uu'  is  rhe 
first  to  be  printed  on 
recycled  paper. 


© 


EDITOR: 

RobertJ.BliwiseA.M.'88 
ASSOCIATE  EDITOR: 
Sam  Hull 

FEATURES  EDITOR: 
Bridget  Booher '82 
SCIENCE  EDITOR: 
Dennis  Meredith 
EDITORIAL  ASSISTANT: 
Stephen  Nathans 
DESIGN  CONSULTANT: 
West  Side  Studio,  Inc. 
PUBLISHER:  M.  Laney 
Funderburkjr. '60 

OFFICERS,  DUKE  ALUMNI 
ASSOCIATION: 
James  R.  Ladd  '64,  president; 
Edward  M.  Hanson  Jr.  73, 
A.M. '77,  J.D. '77,  president- 
elect; M.  Laney  Funderburk  Jr. 
'60,  secretary-treasurer. 

PRESIDENTS,  SCHOOL 
AND  COLLEGE  ALUMNI 
ASSOCIATIONS: 
Margaret  Turbyfill  M.Div.  '76, 
Dmru'rv  School;  Harold  L.  Yoh 
III  B.S.M.E.  '83,  School  o/Engi- 
neering;  Robert  R.  Lane  M.B.A. 
'81,  Fuqua  School  of  Business; 
Richard  G.  Heintzelman,  M.F. 
'69,  School  of  Forestry  &  Envi- 
ronmental Studies;  Sue  Gourly 
Brody  M.H.A.  '82,  Department 
o/  Health  Administration; 
Richard  A.  Palmer  J.D.  '66, 
School  of  Law,  Robert  K. 
owellM.D.  '67,  School  of 
Medicine;  Jo  Ann  Baughan 
Dalton,  B.S.N.  '57,  M.S.N.  '60, 
School  of  Nursing;  Marie  Koval 
Nardone  M.S.  '79,  A.H.C.  '79, 
Gradxiate  Program  in  Physical 
Therapy;  Lovest  T.  Alexander 
Jr.  B.S.H.  '78,  Physicians'  Assis- 
tant Program;  Julian  C.  Lentz  Jr. 
'38,  M.D.  '42,  Half  Centura 
Club. 

EDITORIAL  ADVISORY 
BOARD:  Clay  Felker '51, 
chairman;  Frederick  F.  Andrews 
'60;  Sarah  Hardesty  Bray  '72; 
Holly  B.  Brubach  '75;  Nancy  L. 
Cardwell  '69;  Dana  L.  Fields  78; 
Jerrold  K.  Footlick;  Elizabeth  H. 
Locke  '64,  Ph.D.  72;  Thomas 
P.  Losee  Jr.  '63;  Peter  Maas  '49; 
Hugh  S.  Sidey;  Richard  Austin 
Smith '35;  Susan  Tifft  73; 
Robert  J.  Bitwise  A.M. '88, 


Composition  by  Liberated 
Types,  Ltd.;  printing  by  PBM 
Graphics  Inc.;  printed  on 
Warren  Recovery  Matte  Whit 
and  Cross  Pointe  Sycamore 
Offset  Tan 

©1991,  Duke  University 
Published  bimonthly  by  the 
Office  of  Alumni  Affairs;  vol- 
untary subscriptions  $20  per 
year:  Duke  Magazine,  Alumni 
House,  614  Chapel  Drive. 
Durham.  N.C.  27706; 
(919)684-5114. 


>fr<?77  0 


OCTOBER- 
NOVEMBER  1991 


LXJ£ 


VOLUME  78 
NUMBER  1 


firth)  i/es 

v.7?  I<fal/i 


Cover:  Even  when  the  sun  goes 
down,  class  goes  on  for  post- 
^r.idu.itcs,  taught  here  by  art 
historian  Annabel  Wharton. 
Photo  by  Les  Todd 


FEATURES 


OVERHEAD  UNDER  FIRE  2 

Many  ironies  emerge  from  the  intense  federal  focus  on  the  presumed  greed  of  research 
universities — including  the  fact  that  campuses  have  become  victims  of  the  very  system  they 
have  criticized  for  years 

THE  ART  OF  PAINTING  A  NOVEL  8 

"A  lot  of  critics  talked  about  my  novel  in  terms  of  brush  strokes,"  says  writer  Elizabeth  Cox,  "but 
I  was  puzzled,  because  I  don't  know  anything  about  painting" 

A  KILLER  CLOSE  TO  THE  HEART  12 

Fed  up  with  the  snail's  pace  at  which  funding  is  awarded  for  research,  prevention,  and 
treatment,  women's  health  advocates  are  demanding  immediate  steps  to  combat  breast  cancer 


PLAYING  THE  AGING  GAME 

For  the  most  part,  medical  students  don't  have  the  chance  to  empathize  with  frail,  elderly 
people;  a  day-long  course  gives  them  that  chance 


37 


THE  GRAYING  OF  THE  GRADUATE  SCHOOLS 

Whether  for  career  advancement,  personal  development,  or  "unfinished  business,"  more  and 
more  adults  are  coming  back  to  class  for  post-baccalaureate  study 

DEPARTMENTS  ~ 

RETROSPECTIVES 

Gauging  Germany,  castigating  communism,  filming  the  future 


34 


36 


Professorial  priorities,  editorial  integrity 


GAZETTE 

SRI  support,  medical  moves,  beach  battles,  Eighties  art 


BOOKS 

The  images  of  history  and  the  politics  of  equal  rights 


DUKE  PERSPECTIVES  | 

cv 
I 

ERHE 

JNDEI 

FIRE 

BY  ROBERT  J.  BLI WISE 

AD 

INDIRECT  COSTS: 

Paper  chase:  Bruce 
McLamb,  controller 
of  cost  reimburse- 
ment accounting  at 
Duke,  says  federal 
rules  are  "exceedingly 
complex,  and  they 
lead  to  lots  of  gray 
and  fuzzy  areas." 

WHO  FOOTS  THE  BILL? 

Many  ironies  emerge  from  the  intense  federal  focus  on 

the  presumed  greed  of  research  universities.  Campuses 

have  become  victims  of  the  very  system  they  have 

criticized  for  years. 

WM  wo  images  linger:  the  yacht  and 
j     the  resignation.  For  months,  Stan- 
1     ford    University,    of    all    places, 
1     usurped  the  Pentagon  as  the  tar- 
get of  waste-  and  abuse-hunting  lawmakers 
and  reporters.  And  as  the  press  painted 
him,  Stanford  president  Donald  Kennedy 
became  this  season's  Leona  Helmsley — a 
portrait  of  arrogance.  In  a  spring  broadcast, 
ABC's  20/20  ran  a  segment  called  "Your 
Tax  Dollars  at  Work,"  trained  its  floating 
camera    on    Stanford's    seventy-two-foot 
yacht,  and  accused  Stanford  of  going  over- 
board on  its  overhead. 

What  your  tax  dollars  were  supporting, 
said  all  the  reports,  was  a  system  that  al- 
lowed federal  reimbursement  of  items  like 
an  antique  commode,  a  custom-designed 
presidential  bed,  a  cedar-lined  presidential 
closet,  administrative  expenses  for  a  uni- 
versity-owned  shopping  center — and  de- 
preciation on  the  luxury  yacht.  Several 
months    and    one    congressional    hearing 
later,  Kennedy  bailed  out,  declaring  that 
"It  is  very  difficult,  I  have  concluded,  for  a 
person  identified  with  a  problem  to  be  the 

spokesman  for  its  solution." 

Duke's  role  in  the  controversy  has  been 
far  less  conspicuous  than  Stanford's.  Still, 
Duke  was  one  of  twenty  research  universi- 
ties   investigated    for    possible    improper 
billings.  Although  Duke  emerged  relative- 
ly unscathed  from  the  investigation,  the 
subject  of  indirect  costs  is  a  sure-fire  anxi- 
ety-producer on  campus.  Almost  everyone 
interviewed  for  this  article  made  it  clear 
that  he  was  a  reluctant  interview  subject. 
One  conversation  at  Duke  ended  with  this 
comment:  "If  something  comes  out  in  print 
that's  not  exactly  right,  heaven  help  us. 
This  problem  is  so  inflammatory,  it's  still 
smoldering  in  the  public  eye,  and  we  don't 
want  to  provide  more  kindle.  Misunder- 
standing, if  it  continues,  can  cause  such  a 
headache." 

In  the  midst  of  the  bashing  of  Stan- 
ford— not  just  by  the  press,  but  more  force- 
fully by  Michigan  Democrat  John  B.  Din- 
gell,    chair    of    the    House    Energy    and 
Commerce   subcommittee   that  has  held 
hearings  on  university  billings — other  uni- 
versities rushed  to  make  what  The  Boston 

i 

3 

lUfM'u. 


Globe  called  "preemptive  confessions."  Har- 
vard agreed  not  to  charge  the  government 
for  $500,000  in  indirect-cost  items,  includ- 
ing a  retirement  party  for  a  senior  dean. 
MIT  promised  to  pay  back  $731,000  in  in- 
appropriate bills.  MIT  said  it  had  improperly 
billed  the  government  over  the  last  five 
years  for  such  items  as  flowers  for  the  presi- 
dent's house,  receptions  for  the  trustees,  an 
official  trip  to  Barbados,  and  fees  for  lawyers 
who  represented  the  institution  in  another 
infamous  scandal,  involving  a  refusal  to  in- 
vestigate data  fabrication  by  a  colleague  of 
Nobel  Laureate  David  Baltimore. 

Circular  A-21,  an  aptly  nondescript  label 
for  a  bureaucracy-spawning  document, 
shapes  the  government's  policies  on  indi- 
rect costs  through  the  Office  of  Manage- 
ment and  Budget.  A-21  is  the  outgrowth 
of  a  contract  management  system  that  the 
Office  of  Naval  Research  developed  after 
World  War  II.  At  that  point,  the  federal 
government  was  just  beginning  to  sponsor 
peacetime  research  in  universities  on  a 
major  scale.  Over  the  years,  Circular  A-21 
has  been  revised  eight  times;  and  now  it's 
up  for  another  revision,  a  prospect  that — 
in  the  current  climate  of  controversy — is 
unsettling  for  university  researchers  and 
administrators. 

The  concept  of  indirect  costs  isn't  hard 
to  grasp.  In  a  summary  document  prepared 
last  winter,  the  Association  of  American 
Universities  points  out  that  any  research 
project  involves  both  direct  and  indirect 
costs.  (The  AAU,  which  includes  Duke, 
represents  the  sixty  top  research  universi- 
ties in  North  America.)  Direct  costs  in- 
clude project-specific  equipment,  supplies, 
computer  services,  and  travel,  along  with 
the  salaries  of  faculty,  students,  and  post- 
doctoral investigators.  Indirect  costs  in- 
volve administrative  and  infrastructure  sup- 
port for  research.  Within  that  category  are 
such  items  as  building  space  and  mainte- 
nance, utilities,  security  and  fire  protec- 
tion, and  library  services  and  resources,  plus 
administrative  services  like  payroll  and  ac- 
counting. As  the  AAU  document  puts  it, 
"These  costs  cannot  be  attributed  directly 
to  any  one  project,  but  they  are  neverthe- 
less just  as  real,  and  just  as  necessary  for 
the  conduct  of  research." 

When  the  federal  government  disperses 
grant  money,  it  reimburses  universities  for 
the  indirect-costs  portion  of  their  research 
infrastructure.  But  universities  aren't  the 
same  in  their  organization  and  in  the  way 
they  conduct  research;  and  they  don't  face 
the  same  circumstances  with  the  state  of 
their  facilities  or  their  local  costs  for  utili- 
ties and  labor.  So  each  university  negotiates 
its  indirect  cost  recovery  rate  separately  with 
an  assigned  government  agency — usually 
with  the  Department  of  Health  and  Human 
Services  or  the  Department  of  Defense.  The 


"What  I  hope  will 

come  out  of  this  is  a 

renewed  understanding 

of  the  importance  of 

research.  What  I 

wouldn't  want  to  see  is 

undue  defensiveness  on 

the  part  of  universities." 

CHARLES  E.  PUTMAN 
Executive  Vice  President  for  Administration 


government  makes  indirect  cost  payments 
to  the  particular  university  on  the  basis  of 
the  negotiated  rate  for  an  agreed-on  period, 
usually  two  or  three  years. 

It's  not  quite  the  case,  though,  that  the 
government  makes  indirect  cost  payments 
simply  by  applying  that  rate  to  every  grant 
and  contract.  In  practice,  the  amounts  paid 
for  indirect  costs  are  less  than  the  negoti- 
ated rate — meaning  that  universities  lose 
money  on  federally-funded  research.  The 
reason  is  that  the  government  insists  on 
deducting  some  project-related  costs,  and 
it  won't  accept  charges  in  areas  like  fund 
raising,  investment  management,  and 
entertainment. 

The  intense  focus  on  presumed  institu- 
tional greed  underscores  how  cost-recovery 
formulas  are  also  formulas  for  campus  con- 
fusion. MIT  president  Paul  E.  Gray  wrote 


in  The  Boston  Globe,  "Since  universities  pay 
all  the  indirect  costs  attributable  to  educa- 
tion and  unsponsored  research  activities, 
they  have  a  significant  incentive  to  keep 
these  costs  low."  But  according  to  an 
AAU  commentary,  while  some  adminis- 
trators see  indirect-cost  charges  strictly  as 
"reimbursements  for  already  incurred 
costs,"  others  "believe  that  low  indirect 
cost  rates  make  it  easier  to  compete  for 
federal  funds,  and  explain  their  institu- 
tions' unusually  low  rates  in  part  as  strate- 
gies to  gain  competitive  advantage." 

In  the  indirect-cost  controversy,  ironies 
abound.  The  journal  Science  noted,  in  a 
spring  article,  that  universities  can  justifi- 
ably say  "We  told  you  so."  Since  1988,  the 
journal  pointed  out,  universities  "have  not 
only  argued  that  changes  were  urgently 
needed  in  the  indirect  cost  recovery  pro- 
cess, they  even  came  up  with  a  concrete 
set  of  proposals  to  change  the  system." 

An  AAU  committee  offered  thirteen 
recommendations,  including  simplifying  in- 
direct rates  into  two  components,  estab- 
1  lishing  threshold  rates  to  reflect  an  average 
or  prevailing  practice,  charging  more  costs 
I  directly,  and  ensuring  uniform  standards  so 
I  that  rates  don't  reflect  the  "idiosyncratic 
views  of  [government]  negotiating  officers 
positioned  in  agency  field  offices."  Not  just 
university  administrators  but  scientists,  as 
well,  "have  complained  for  years  about  the 
Byzantine  rules  for  reimbursement,  often 
charging  that  they  have  allowed  university 
administrators  to  make  off  with  an  overly 
large  fraction  of  their  hard-earned  research 
support,"  reported  Science.  "This  widely  held 
belief  has  led  to  suspicion  and  sometimes 
outright  hostility  on  campuses  around  the 
country." 

Duke  officials  aren't  comfortable  being 
drawn  into  commenting  on  Stanford's  woes. 
But  the  observation  about  a  system  of 
Byzantine  rules  resonates  from  the  West 
Coast  to  the  Southeast.  Duke  officials  offer 
the  hypothetical,  but  quite  conceivable, 
case  of  the  university  president  traveling  to 
Washington,  D.C.  That  hypothetical  trip 
would  involve  several  meetings  with  gov- 
ernment and  corporation  officials  through 
the  day  to  discuss  research  policies  and  is- 
sues. The  cost  of  these  meetings  could  be 
considered  part  of  the  research  overhead, 
and  so  could  be  recovered  from  the  govern- 
ment. The  trip  would  involve  as  well  a  re- 
ception for  university  donors.  That  would 
not  be  allowable.  The  dilemma:  how  to  ap- 
portion the  travel  costs  between  the  pool 
of  money  dedicated  to  research  and  sepa- 
rate accounts  dedicated  to  entertainment? 

"The  rules  are  subject  to  many  different 
interpretations,"  says  Bruce  C.  McLamb, 
the  member  of  Duke's  controller's  staff 
who  negotiates  and  supervises  Duke's  cost- 
recovery  program  with  the  government. 


"They  are  exceedingly  complex,  and  they 
lead  to  lots  of  gray  and  fuzzy  areas."  And 
errors  in  coding  charges  to  the  proper  ac- 
count— which  became  a  very  public  prob- 
lem for  Stanford — are  inevitable  in  any 
system,  McLamb  says.  "Duke  is  an  enor- 
mous place.  We  process  millions  of  trans- 
actions every  year  with  departments  all 
over  the  campus,  and  no  matter  how  care- 
fully we  operate,  we  will  never  have  a  year 
without  a  mistake." 

At  Stanford,  there  had  been  longstand- 
ing complaints  by  the  faculty  that  the  uni- 
versity's indirect-cost  rate — among  the  na- 
tion's highest — was  hurting  their  chances 
for  funding.  Stanford,  the  university  maga- 
zine, reports  in  a  sweeping  look  at  the  con- 
troversy that  "As  the  indirect-recovery 
rate  mounted  through  the  1980s,  so  too  did 
concern  among  the  Stanford  faculty — and 
particularly  among  those  professors  respon- 
sible for  the  lion's  share  of  federally  spon- 
sored research." 

One  of  the  early  warnings  of  Stanford's 
dilemma  came  from  Duke — or  more  pre- 
cisely, from  Stanford  to  Duke.  In  the 
spring  of  1988,  Stanford-based  physicist 
John  Madey  announced  that  he  would 
move  his  project — some  one  hundred  tons 
of  equipment  and  research  programs  total- 
ing about  $3  million  a  year — to  Duke. 
Madey  is  the  inventor  of  the  free-electron 
laser,  which  produces  laser  light  from 
accelerated  electrons  stripped  of  their 
confining  atoms.  Stanford's  statement  on 
the  departure  accented  both  Madey's  quest 
for  greater  scientific  opportunities  and 
"differences  over  indirect  costs." 

For  many  commentators  on  the  indi- 
rect-cost controversy,  Stanford's  problem 
arose  from  cost-recovery  aggressiveness  that 
was  remarkable  among  universities.  That 
aggressiveness  didn't  translate  into  inten- 
tional law-breaking,  but  it  inevitably  tran- 
slated into  an  unseemly  image.  Princeton's 
president,  Harold  Shapiro,  says  that  "in 
order  to  charge  the  government  for  a  par- 
ticular expense,  whether  a  direct  or  an 
indirect  cost,  it  has  to  meet  two  tests:  It 
has  to  be  allowable  under  federal  regula- 
tions, and  it  has  to  be  appropriate  to  be 
financed  by  taxpayer  dollars."  Shapiro  men- 
tions the  example  of  charges  related  to  the 
president's  house.  "Princeton  may  have  its 
own  reasons  for  wanting  its  president  to 
live  and  conduct  university  business  in  a 
large  house,  and  current  regulations  may 
permit  the  inclusion  of  certain  expenses 
for  the  house  in  the  university's  cost  pools 
for  federal  reimbursement.  But  it  is  a  sepa- 
rate question  whether  it  is  appropriate  to 
charge  the  public  for  these  expenses." 

Nationally,  university  indirect-cost  rates 
range  from  the  mid-40s  to  the  high-70s. 
(Stanford's  rate  for  the  1991  fiscal  year  was 
74  percent;  Columbia  and  Cornell  were 


"We  have  labs  that  are 
not  up  to  the  standards 

necessary  for  certain 
kinds  of  research.  And 

so  investigators  aren't 

applying  for  research 
grants  when  they  don't 

have  the  facilities." 

MELVYN  LIEBERMAN 
Duke  Research  Council 


m 


slightly  higher.  Duke's  50  percent  rate  is 
the  lowest  among  the  leading  private  uni- 
versities.) Even  in  profit-making  partner- 
ships, corporations  often  charge  the  gov- 
ernment 100  to  140  percent  in  overhead — 
that  is,  more  than  a  dollar  in  indirect  costs 
for  every  dollar  of  direct  costs.  State-related 
institutions  typically  set  their  indirect-cost 
rates  well  below  the  average  for  universi- 
ties. That's  because  state  taxes  help  cover 
overhead  expenses,  including  construction 
and  maintenance.  The  example  of  the 
University  of  North  Carolina  system  points 
to  another  reason  why  state  institutions 
might  tend  to  pay  less  attention  to  recover- 
ing overhead  costs:  Universities  in  the  sys- 
tem get  to  keep  only  45  percent  of  the  over- 
i  head  receipts;  50  percent  goes  to  the 
state's  general  fund,  and  the  UNC  General 
Administration  keeps  5  percent. 


Still,  public  institutions  haven't  escaped 
criticism.  Press  reports  in  July  described 
the  use  of  recovered  funds  to  renovate  the 
UNC  system  president's  Chapel  Hill  home 
and  for  lengthening  the  runway  of  a  sys- 
tem-owned airport.  Federal  auditors  recently 
cited  the  University  of  Michigan  for  hav- 
ing overcharged  by  several  million  dollars. 

For  the  past  fiscal  year,  Duke  reduced  its 
indirect-cost  proposal  from  a  rate  of  54  per- 
cent to  50  percent.  Duke  and  the  Depart- 
ment of  Health  and  Human  Services 
reached  agreement  on  the  rate  last  Decem- 
ber. In  its  negotiated  rate,  the  university 
assigns  a  big  chunk  of  that  50  percent  to 
departmental  administration — 21.5  percent. 
Plant  operations  and  maintenance  con- 
sumes the  next  largest  portion,  19.8  per- 
cent. General  administration  is  pegged  at 
3.7  percent,  research  administration  at  2.6 
percent,  and  library  support  at  2.4  percent. 

But  Duke  received  at  least  a  mild  sur- 
prise in  May,  during  the  U.S.  House  hear- 
ings. Duke  was  one  of  twelve  universities 
that,  said  government  officials,  attempted  to 
claim  reimbursement  for  unallowable 
expenses  associated  with  research.  In 
Duke's  case,  a  federal  audit  revealed  about 
$110,000  in  coding  errors.  Many  of  those 
miscodings,  totaling  about  $40,000,  relat- 
ed to  the  funding  of  three  activities  by  the 
president's  office:  the  university  art  museum, 
the  annual  faculty  dinner,  and  a  dinner  to 
honor  student  scholarship  finalists.  Others 
included  more  than  $3,000  for  flowers  for 
university  events,  $6,000  for  wine  at  various 
university  functions,  and  various  expendi- 
tures connected  to  fund-raising  and  alumni 
activities. 

Says  McLamb:  "We  recorded  expenses 
in  the  wrong  account.  There  was  nothing 
wrong  with  the  expenditures  themselves; 
they  were  entirely  legitimate  expendi- 
tures." Only  $16,000  of  the  $110,000  re- 
lated to  sponsored  research,  he  says.  "The 
$16,000  is  all  that's  at  issue  for  any  possible 
reimbursement  for  fiscal  year  1990-91.  And 
from  a  base  of  $78  million  in  federal 
dollars  to  Duke,  it  represents  about  two 
one-hundredths  of  a  percentage  point." 
McLamb  adds:  "We  have  not  yet  heard 
from  federal  officials  as  to  whether  they 
intend  to  look  at  prior  years  and  to  apply 
any  of  their  audit  findings  retrospectively." 

Arguments  over  indirect  costs  tend  to 
obscure  a  basic  fact  about  basic  research: 
The  federal  government  has  been  cutting 
back  its  support  for  building  and  maintain- 
ing research  facilities.  Government  fund- 
ing for  new  academic  facilities  is  down  to  5 
percent  of  the  level  of  twenty  years  ago. 
The  upward  creeping  of  indirect-cost  rates 
reflects,  in  part,  the  fact  that  universities 
have  few  attractive  funding  options.  Re- 
search universities,  to  remain  deserving  of 
the  label,  need  to  build  research  space,  to 


sustain  its  operation,  and  to  update  it.  As 
MIT's  Paul  Gray  wrote  in  The  Boston 
Globe,  universities  must  respond  to  ever- 
increasing  cost  pressures  that  are  intensi- 
fied by  "the  demand  for  renovation  and  re- 
newal." Such  costs,  he  added,  "cannot  be 
borne  by  tuition  charges  or  by  the  endow- 
ment. There  is  no  tooth  fairy  for  research 
facilities,  and  those  costs,  including  the 
interest  charges  from  necessary  borrow- 
ing, must  be  amortized  through  overhead 
charges." 

In  covering  the  issue  for  Time  last  March, 
associate  editor  Susan  Tifft  '73  wrote:  "In 
order  to  recoup  some  of  the  skyrocketing 
costs  of  erecting  new  labs  and  technical 
libraries,  schools  have  become  increasingly 
aggressive  about  billing  Washington  for 
overhead.  It  is  no  accident  that  Stanford's 
indirect-cost  rate  jumped  16  percent  from 
1982  to  1990,  a  period  that  coincided  with 
a  building  boom  on  the  campus." 

Concerns  over  the  federal  role  in  aca- 
demic science  strike  home  for  Melvyn 
Lieberman,  professor  of  cell  biology. 
Lieberman  is  a  member  of  Duke's  Research 
Council,  a  faculty  and  administrative 
group  that  monitors  research  activity. 
Lieberman  has  been  at  Duke  since  1967 
and  many  campus  laboratories  haven't 
been  updated  in  all  those  years,  he  says 
"We  have  labs  that  are  not  up  to  the  stan- 
dards necessary  for  certain  kinds  of 
research;  they  may  be  lacking,  for  exam 
pie,  adequate  radiation-  and  biohazard 
safety  precautions.  And  so  investigators 
aren't  applying  for  research  grants  when 
they  don't  have  the  facilities  to  do  the 
research."  Lieberman  works  out  of  the 
twenty-three-year-old  Nanaline  H.  Duke 
Building.  Construction  was  funded  largely 
by  the  National  Institutes  of  Health. 
Today,  there'd  be  no  chance  of  govern- 
ment-supported construction.  Duke  is 
more  fortunate  than  many  universities, 
Lieberman  says,  because  its  spacious  cam- 
pus usually  insulates  it  from  a  major  cost  of 
a  new  building — land  acquisition. 

A  1988  National  Science  Foundation 
study  supports  Lieberman's  view  that  new 
construction  is  driven  by  more  than  ex- 
pansion-mindedness.  The  study  singles  out 
increasing  standards  for  animal  facilities, 
for  toxic  waste  disposal,  for  biohazard  con- 
trol, and  for  data  communication  capabili- 
ties. In  the  late  1980s,  according  to  the 
NSF  study,  construction  costs  for  academic 
research  space  increased  by  about  20  per- 
cent per  year — largely  a  consequence  of 
universities  responding  to  "increasingly 
sophisticated  and  costly"  technical  and 
regulatory  needs.  The  study  also  accents  a 
rarely-discussed  funding  hurdle:  a  cap  on 
tax-exempt  bonds  for  private  universities, 
a  funding  mechanism  identified  as  "the 
principal  means  of  debt  financing  used  for 


"Higher  education  has 

been  like  a  protected 

order  of  monks.  You  just 

don't  spit  on  the  Vatican. 

Well,  that  isn't  true 

anymore." 


SUSAN  TIFFT  73 
Associate  Editor,  Time 


construction  and  repair/renovation."  The 
cap,  imposed  by  Congress,  now  stands  at 
$150  million  for  each  university.  Universi- 
ties face,  then,  significantly  higher  costs 
for  borrowing  funds  to  pay  for  facilities, 
including  research  facilities. 

In  a  1990  update  of  its  study,  the  NSF 
took  a  more  up-to-date  snapshot  of  the 
thirty  private  universities  that  are  among 
the  100  largest  research  performers.  It 
found  that  in  1990,  nearly  two-thirds  had 
reached  the  $150  million  limit  on  tax- 
exempt  bonds.  The  latest  study  also  points 
to  $12  billion  in  deferred  capital  pro- 
jects— the  gap  between  dollars  available 
and  dollars  needed  for  additional  research 
space  and  renovation  of  existing  space. 
That  $12-billion  sum  represents  a  40  per- 
cent growth  in  the  gap  reported  two  years 
earlier.  And  financial  pressures  suggest  a 
lot  more  deferred  activity  in  the  future:  In 
1990-91  alone,  the  study  estimated  that 
construction  costs  would  rise  by  35  percent. 

One  consequence  of  the  government's 
turnaround  in  priorities,  says  Lieberman,  is 
that  researchers  are  turning  more  and 
more  toward  private  funding  sources.  Be- 


tween 1983-84  and  1989-90,  corporate- 
sponsored  research  at  Duke  grew  from  $3.8 
million  to  $16.3  million.  Planning  for 
Duke's  huge  Science  Resource  Initiative 
envisions  commitments  of  $11.6  million  in 
"corporate  partners  and  private  research 
support." 

For  a  researcher  like  Lieberman,  the 
shifts  in  funding  don't  inspire  optimism. 
Industries  increasingly  may  be  research 
benefactors,  but  they  are  also  competitors, 
he  says.  Dwindling  federal  dollars  for  re- 
search are  making  the  competition  tougher 
for  universities.  "In  the  1970s  I  was  in 
Japan,  and  I  was  astonished  to  see  the  dif- 
ference in  the  laboratories  and  the  facili- 
ties of  Japanese  universities  compared  with 
ours.  The  difference  then  was  all  in  our 
favor.  Now,  with  an  infusion  of  government 
funds,  the  Japanese  are  overtaking  us." 

And  so  are  industrial  laboratories.  "In 
my  field,  what's  happening  is  that  many  of 
the  best  young  scientists  are  going  to  work 
for  pharmaceutical  companies  instead  of 
universities.  If  you  turn  to  the  job  listings 
in  Science,  you'll  find  that  universities  in 
many  cases  are  looking  for  young 
researchers  with  funding.  And  they'll  be 
spending  the  balance  of  their  careers  writ- 
ing grant  proposals  with  the  knowledge 
that  maybe  one  in  five  will  be  accepted.  I 
have  to  wonder  whether  the  young  univer- 
sity researcher  today  will  have  anything 
like  the  opportunities  I  had.  I've  visited 
several  pharmaceutical  companies  in  the 
last  few  years,  and  I've  seen  laboratories 
that  put  ours  to  shame — wonderful  facili- 
ties and  brand-new  equipment. 

"We're  trying  to  compete  with  industry 
for  talent,  and  it's  a  struggle.  The  tradeoff 
for  the  researcher  is  that  in  an  industrial 
setting,  the  research  by  and  large  is  propri- 
etary. But  a  lot  of  the  best  pharmaceutical 
companies  are  committed  to  basic  research, 
the  same  type  of  research  that  we're  doing 
here.  Unless  the  university  research  in- 
frastructure can  move  forward,  we  can't 
compete." 

University  research  won't  move  forward 
in  quite  the  same  way  as  in  the  past.  A 
report  done  by  outside  advisers  for  Stan- 
ford warned  of  the  prospect  of  "the 
accounting  tail  wagging  the  research  dog." 
The  problem  isn't  just  that  universities 
may  become  too  accounting-driven;  they 
may  also  lose  even  more  money  in  their  re- 
search. (They  already  lose  some  because  of 
the  expense  areas  excluded  by  federal  cost- 
recovery  formulas.)  The  Office  of  Man- 
agement and  Budget  has  proposed  another 
revision  to  Circular  A-21,  a  revision  that 
hinges  on  a  new  set  of  expenditure  caps.  In 
a  letter  to  OMB,  Duke  senior  vice  presi- 
dent for  public  affairs  John  F.  Burness 
wrote:  "Expenditure  caps,  by  nature,  are 
arbitrary  and  eliminate  regard  for  legitima- 


cy  or  necessity."  A  proposed  cap  on 
administrative  costs  fails  to  recognize  "the 
extraordinary  measures  undertaken  by  the 
leadership  of  the  university  to  restrain 
administrative  expenditures,"  Burness  said. 
"A  cap  on  federal  reimbursement  of  these 
already  tightly  constrained  expenditures  in 
support  of  federally  sponsored  research 
activities  will  not  reduce  Duke's  real  admin- 
istrative costs.  A  cap  will  merely  shift  them 
from  the  government  to  the  university." 

The  indirect-cost  controversy  has  al- 
ready had  a  direct  impact  at  Duke.  In  late 
June,  George  M.  Kolasa,  controller  for  ac- 
counting operations,  sent  a  lengthy  memo- 
randum to  administrators  and  faculty  mem- 
bers. The  memo  refers  to  "the  renewed 
emphasis  on  the  proper  classification  of 
transactions  to  ensure  the  integrity  of  ac- 
counting data  is  maintained  or  improved 
in  a  few  areas."  It  stresses  the  importance 
of  coding  expenditures  properly.  And  it 
announces  "increased  audit  emphasis"  on 
matters  like  "reviewing  the  documentation 
of  the  business  purpose  of  trips  or  events, 
as  well  as  reviewing  supporting  documen- 
tation for  expenditures." 

Inevitably,  Duke  will  continue  to  be 
caught  up  in  the  indirect-costs  issue. 
That's  becoming  one  of  the  prices  of 
research  success.  According  to  Charles  E. 
Putman,  Duke's  executive  vice  president 
for  administration,  Duke's  sponsored  re- 
search has  grown  from  $75  million  to  $130 
million  in  five  years.  "I  know  of  no  other 
research  university  that  has  had  such  pre- 
cipitous growth,"  says  Putman,  whose  job 
includes  oversight  of  research  activity  at 
the  university.  "Even  looking  at  research 
by  per-capita  standards — research  per  fac- 
ulty member  or  per  inch  of  space — I  know 
of  no  other  research  university  that  has 
been  so  productive  in  the  past  five  years. 
That's  a  success  story  that  reflects  the 
superb  quality  of  our  faculty. 

"What  I  hope  will  come  out  of  this  is  a 
renewed  understanding  of  the  importance 
of  research,"  Putman  adds.  "What  I 
wouldn't  want  to  see  is  undue  defensive- 
ness  on  the  part  of  universities.  Adminis- 
trators and  investigators  cannot  neglect 
their  responsibility  for  integrity  in  account- 
ing. In  my  view,  the  research  infrastructure 
extends  to  the  standards  and  behavior 
expected  of  your  investigators  and  your 
research  administrators.  And  I  think  it's 
fair  to  say  that  in  the  case  of  Duke,  we 
have  been  absolutely  committed  to  seeing 
our  research  commitment  as  a  public  trust — 
not  just  as  it  relates  to  overhead  charges, 
but  also  to  matters  like  conflicts  of  interest 
and  publication  rights,  all  of  which  we 
have  addressed  through  internal  mecha- 
nisms. To  a  great  extent,  the  focus  has 
been  on  universities  cleaning  up  their  act. 
In  fact,  we're  all  in  this  act  together — uni- 


Components  of  Duke's  Indirect  Cost  Rate 

(1990-1991) 


versities,  the  federal  government,  and  the 
public  that  enjoys  the  benefits  of  research. 
There  will  always  be  a  certain  amount  of 
unintended  errors.  But  it's  not  just  a  num- 
bers game." 

Have  grandstanding  politicians  and  a 
sensationalizing  press  unnecessarily  caused 
a  headache  for  universities?  Says  Time's 
Susan  Tifft,  a  former  Young  Trustee  at 
Duke:  "One  problem  with  a  story  like  this 
is  that  it's  similar  to  covering  the  Tax  Re- 
form Act  of  1986.  It's  so  intricate  and  so 
complicated  that  you're  very  hard-pressed 
in  a  short  space  to  do  justice  to  it.  You're 
also  very  hard-pressed  to  avoid  boring  your 
readers  to  death.  Readers  get  bored  quickly 
with  stories  that  have  a  lot  of  numbers  in 
them,  and  so  do  reporters.  And  this  is  the 
kind  of  issue  that  is  much  harder  to  convey 
in  a  visual  medium.  A  yacht  makes  a  good 
picture.  The  story  of  why  a  university 
needs  research  money  and  what  goes  into 
setting  the  rate  for  indirect  costs  doesn't." 

As  Tifft  sees  it,  the  press  was  "certainly 
correct"  for  taking  a  hard  look  at  seeming- 
ly exorbitant  charges.  She  says  she  would 
have  preferred  a  greater  focus  on  what  she 
calls  the  underlying  "Catch  22"  for  a  uni- 
versity: "The  government  has  basically 
ceased  providing  money  for  research  build- 
ings. But  the  government  wants  you  to  do 
a  certain  kind  of  research,  and  in  order  to 
do  the  research,  you  have  to  spend  a  lot  of 
your  own  money,  which  can  lead  you  into 
a  spiral  of  debt."  Much  of  the  press  cover- 
age ignored  the  government's  contributing 
role  in  the  problem,  Tifft  adds.  "The  more 
I  found  out  about  the  way  government  reg- 
ulates these  costs,  the  more  I  felt  the  gov- 
ernment was  a  partner  in  the  problem.  It's 
the  government  that  insists  on  complex 
regulations  and  that  forces  universities  to 


skew  their  accounting  systems  in  ways  that 
don't  necessarily  make  sense. 

"We're  still  living  a  little  bit  with  the 
Bill  Bennett  legacy,"  says  Tifft,  referring  to 
the  university-bashing  former  secretary  of 
education.  "There's  a  real  tendency  among 
some  reporters,  just  as  there  is  among  some 
politicians,  to  portray  universities  as  profli- 
gate and  irresponsible  spenders.  I  don't 
mean  to  say  that  there  aren't  some  univer- 
sities that  are  like  that;  and  one  of  the 
things  that  I  came  across  was  the  amazing 
number  of  pork-barrel  research  projects — 
studying  the  effects  of  sunshine  on  cows, 
for  one — that  are  funded  as  political  favors. 
But  it  is  easier  to  make  those  accusations 
than  it  is  to  get  into  a  deeper  understanding 
about  the  funding  of  university  research." 

But  Tifft  isn't  ready  to  let  universities 
off  the  hook — certainly  not  Stanford, 
which  "got  away  with  murder,"  as  she  puts 
it.  "Higher  education  has  been  like  a  pro- 
tected order  of  monks.  You  just  don't  spit 
on  the  Vatican.  Well,  that  isn't  true  any- 
more. Universities  are  funded  in  a  differ- 
ent way  now  than  they  were  thirty  or  forty 
years  ago.  Until  Sputnik,  the  federal  gov- 
ernment was  not  that  involved  in  a  mas- 
sive scale  in  funding.  Now,  the  public  has 
much  more  of  a  vested  interest  in  university 
research,  whether  they  have  kids  in  school 
or  not;  it's  their  tax  money.  Universities 
feel  this  is  very  intrusive.  Their  tendency 
is  to  say,  this  is  the  way  we  do  things,  the 
public  mind  just  can't  understand  it,  and 
that  explanation  has  to  suffice.  It  just 
doesn't. 

"There  are  new  breezes  blowing  through 
the  universities,  and  those  breezes  may  not 
be  a  bad  thing,  even  if  they're  carrying 
criticism.  They  may  blow  off  some  cob- 
webs." ■ 


DUKE  PERSPECTIVES 


THEAKTOF 
PAINTING 
ANOVEL 


BY  SCOTT  BYRD 


ELIZABETH  COX: 

LIFE  AND  LITERATURE 


"I  try  to  create  something  you  can  see.  A  lot  of  critics 

talked  about  my  novel  in  terms  of  brush  strokes,  but  I 

was  puzzled,  because  I  don't  know  anything  about 

painting." 


S 


pring  was  hectic  for  Elizabeth 
Cox.  The  publication  of  her 
second  novel,  The  Ragged  Way 
People  Fall  Out  of  Love,  engen- 
dered excellent  national  reviews  and  trig- 
gered a  multitude  of  readings  and  book 
signings  in  North  Carolina,  Georgia,  and 
California,  even  while  she  taught  a  full 
course  load  in  the  writing  program  of  Duke's 
English  department.  Then,  between  a  trip 
to  Berkeley  to  celebrate  the  retirement  of 
the  founder  of  the  prestigious  North  Point 
Press  (and  to  mourn  the  closing  of  this  fine 
literary  publishing  house)  and  the  comple- 
tion of  the  spring  term,  the  unexpected 
happened:  She  struck  her  cat  with  her  car. 
The  frantic  animal  bit  her  before  dying, 
and  Cox  spent  a  few  days  in  Duke  Hospital 
being  treated  for  an  infection. 

Nevertheless,  she  sacrificed  a  quiet 
Saturday  afternoon  in  late  May  in  her  ele- 
gant, tree-shaded  Durham  home,  where 
she  has  lived  for  twenty  years,  for  an  inter- 
view, just  a  few  days  before  she  delivered  a 
commencement  address  in  South  Carolina. 
"There's  a  lot  to  enjoy  about  being  a  writ- 


er," she  said,  "but  that  isn't  the  same  as 
writing." 

Betsy  Cox  spreads  old  black-and-white 
family  snapshots  across  the  table,  and  I 
don't  know  what  to  make  of  them.  If  a 
reader  of  her  novels  knows  anything,  it  is 
that  the  still  moment,  caught  and  pre- 
served, is  only  temporarily  poised  against 
the  flux  of  living.  Despite  her  candor  in 
sketching  out  her  biography,  I  can't  pretend 
to  know  how  the  stiffly  posed  little  girl  with 
the  Dutch-boy  bob,  the  hair  white  in  the 
white  sunlight,  evolved  into  this  writer  of 
unusual  distinction  and  achievement. 

She  is  quick  to  remind  me  that  readers 
always  ask  "if  something's  true,  if  that  real- 
ly happened."  Concerning  the  new  novel, 
they  ask  "Did  you  have  a  divorce?"  and 
"The  answer  is  yes.  Did  the  son  die?  The 
answer  is  no.  In  the  first  novel,  there  is  the 
killing  of  a  brother.  I've  never  killed  a 
brother.  The  actual  events  aren't  true.  I'm 
not  an  autobiographical  novelist,  but  the 
emotions  are  true." 

Cox  identifies  the  settings  and  the  people 
in  the  photographs:   the  grounds  of  the 


TIES  ONCE  BINDING 


Always  in  the  spring 
and  sometimes  in  the 
early  fall,  William's 
mother  said,  "Time  to  clean 
the  well,"  and  William  shud- 
dered, or  a  shudder  went 
through  him.  He  put  on  jeans 
he  saved  for  well-cleaning  and 
a  shirt  he  didn't  care  about. 
He  got  a  rope  and  the  plank 
to  sit  on.  His  mother  made  a 
mixture  for  cleaning,  one  that 
was  strong  but  not 
poisonous. 

Tess  Hanner  lowered 
William  into  the  well  and 
held  him  with  the 
strength  of  a  man.  When 
she  rigged  a  row  of  dou- 
ble rope,  William 
trusted  how  sure  it 
would  be. 

She  used  what  was 
called  inch-rope — an 
inch  thick.  If  the 
rope  looked  at  all 
frayed,  Tess  sent  to 
Ralph  Hancock's 
store  to  get  a  new 
one.  She  tied  knots 
and  rechecked  each 
one.  Her  hands  worked  in 
quick  movements,  as  if  she 
were  using  thread  instead  of 
rope.  She  wrapped  it  around  a 
big  black  winch  to  roll  and 
unroll  it.  It  was  hard  not  to 
believe  in  that  rope's  thickness. 

As  she  lowered  William 
into  the  well,  she  tied  another 
rope  around  his  waist  and  one 
to  a  tree.  She  loosened  it  as  he 
went  down.  He  started  out, 
not  at  the  top,  but  not  too  far 
down — about  halfway — so 
that  at  first  there  was  plenty 
of  light  still  coming  in  where 
he  was.  He  could  see  the  tops 
of  trees  and  the  blue  sky.  He 
could  see  the  clouds  moving 
fast,  and  the  outline  of  his 
mother's  hair  as  she  leaned 
into  the  well  to  call  him. 

"Will?  You  all  right?" 
William  yelled  back  that  he 
was  fine.  "Call  me  every  now 
and  then,  so  I'll  know." 

"I'm  okay."  He  could  see 
her  head  and  shoulders  as  she 
leaned.  "You're  going  to  fall 
in,"  he  told  her. 

"Not  until  I'm  ready." 

He  knew  she  smiled,  even 
though  her  face  was  directed 


away  from  the  light.  All  the 
light  lay  behind  her,  and  her 
head  and  shoulders  and  hair 
had  a  simple  outline.  And 
even  though  he  couldn't  see 
the  features  on  her  face 
(her  face  com- 
pletely 


dark),  he 
knew  she  smiled 
because  of  the  different  way 
words  sound  when  the  mouth 
is  smiling  and  when  it's  not. 
Then  she  moved  over  and  the 
sunlight  she  had  blocked 
came  back  in.  The  experience 
was  similar  to  the  passing  of 
an  eclipse. 

The  scrubbing  ritual  took 
two  days. 

After  he  scrubbed  the  wall 
with  the  sun  on  it,  he  scrubbed 
the  dark  side  and  had  to  use 
a  flashlight,  so  the  task  de- 
manded more  concentrated 
attention.  Sometimes  he  for- 
got about  his  mother  until  she 
called  down  to  him  again. 
When  he  answered  from  so 
deep,  his  voice  sounded 
altered. 

William  was  afraid  at  that 
depth.  He  was  afraid  of  the 
wet,  dark  wall  and  the  cold, 
pungent  mineral  smell  that 
had  the  odor  of  blood,  and  of 
the  air — thick  and  kind  of  oily. 

He  didn't  know  what  his 
mother  did  during  the  time 


he  scrubbed.  He  knew  she 
brought  a  ladder-back  chair 
to  sit  in.  When  he  shouted  to 
her  to  lower  him  more,  she 
did  so  as  gently  and  slowly  as 
she  could.  Finally  he  could  no 
longer  see  the  tops  of  trees  or 
even  a  small  piece  of  sky.  .  .  . 
Sometimes  while  he  was  in 
the  well  he  could  hear 
his  mother  singing. 
She  sang  songs  he  had 
never  heard  on  the 
radio  or  in  church, 
though  her  voice,  as  she 
sang,  sounded  a  little  bit 
like  church.  As  the  day 
went  on  she  sang  louder, 
and  William  didn't  know  if 
she  did  so  because  he  was 
further  down,  or  because 
the  day  was  ending.  He 
finally  decided  that  these 
were  songs  she  made  up  her- 
self, and  that  this  was  proba- 
bly the  only  time  she  sang 
them. 

"Whenlwasyo-unglfell 
in  love/and  a-al-1  the  world 
grew  free./When  I  got  older 
Love  came  do-wn/and  to-ok 
the  heart  o-of  me." 

"Who  broke  your  heart?" 
William  asked  his  mother  one 
day  in  the  kitchen.  He  was 
nineteen  and  had  already  met 
Molly. 

His  mother  shook  her  head. 
"Many  times,"  she  told  him. 
Then  she  said,  "You  will." 

"I  never  will,"  he  promised, 
but  he  could  see  her  smile, 
not  a  real  one,  not  one  meant 
to  be  a  smile.  This  time  her  fea- 
tures were  not  blackened  by 
shadows,  but  clear.  The  light 
of  a  lamp  was  behind  her,  and 
sun  came  through  the  win- 
dows and  trees  and  made  her 
look  like  a  speckled  bird. 

William  knew  now  that  he 
did  break  her  heart,  and  his 
own,  and  others.  He  didn't 
know  how  much  it  had  to  do 
with  his  memory  of  the  high 
red  wall  and  oily  air  or  his 
mother's  inch-rope. 

Excerpt  from  The  Ragged 
Way  People  Fall  Out  of  Love, 
by  Elizabeth  Cox.  ©  1991  by 
Elizabeth  Cox;  reprinted  by 
permission  of  North  Point 
Press. 


Baylor  School  in  Chattanooga,  Tennessee, 
where  her  father  served  as  headmaster  for 
forty  years;  her  two  older  brothers,  Herbert 
Bernard  Barks  Jr.  (now  the  author  of  a 
book  of  poetry  and  several  works  of  non- 
fiction,  a  Presbyterian  minister  for  some 
years,  former  headmaster  of  Baylor  himself, 
and  currently  headmaster  of  the  Ham- 
mond School  in  Columbia,  South  Carolina) 


10 


and  Coleman  Barks  (now  the  translator  of 
several  books  of  poetry  of  the  Persian  mystic 
Rumi,  and  a  professor  at  the  University  of 
Georgia);  and  her  mother  Elizabeth  (who 
taught  Bible  at  Baylor,  had  a  talent  for 
drawing,  and  once  deliberately  left  a  copy 
of  John  Updike's  Couples  on  the  doorstep 
to  be  ruined  in  the  rain).  Baylor  looks  insti- 
tutional in  the  pictures,  but  sounds  beauti- 


ful as  she  describes  it:  a  valley  amid  the 
mountains  with  a  view  of  the  Tennessee 
River  and  of  an  island  in  that  river,  "per- 
haps the  true  setting  of  my  stories." 

A  family  of  teachers,  writers,  and  people 
of  religious  sensibility  suggests  a  rich  her- 
itage, but  Cox's  position  was  also  an  odd 
one,  which  she  sees  as  offering  advantages. 
"From  the  time  I  was  born,  I  lived  with  a 
school  of  300  boys  and  had  two  brothers. 
Not  many  women  around.  I  don't  know  if 
that  taught  me  to  write  about  men  or  not. 
It  made  me  get  uncomfortable  writing 
about  men.  The  first  whole  book  (Familiar 
Ground,  1984)  was  about  a  man,  and  I 
kept  thinking  someone  was  going  to  say, 
'You  can't  do  this,'  but  no  one  ever  did." 
The  first  novel  also  concerns  the  setting 
apart  of  people  who  are  "different"  and 
breaking  down  the  barriers  of  estrangement. 

She  is  most  hesitant,  however,  to  discuss 
her  own  religious  faith  or  to  comment  on 
its  place  in  her  fiction.  Yet  at  the  center  of 
The  Ragged  Way  People  Fall  Out  of  Love  is 
an  astonishing  return  from  the  dead,  a  res- 
urrection that  suggests  that  love  may  in- 
deed find  a  new  pattern,  not  merely  a  sec- 
ond chance.  Cox  will  only  note  that  "Fred 
Chappell  has  talked  about  the  mystic  ritu- 
als in  this  book,  and  I'm  sure  they're  there, 
but  I  don't  consciously  put  them  in."  Chap- 
pell '61,  A.M.  '64  has  declared  Cox's  "mys- 
tic gesture  in  the  restoring  to  life  of  a  child" 
to  be  "spectacularly  well  done,"  and  her  En- 
glish department  colleague  Reynolds  Price 
'55  told  her  that  parts  of  the  novel  were 
"like  something  out  of  the  Old  Testament  or 
Shakespeare — that  good,  I  mean — though 
it's  utterly  by  you  and  grows  straight  out  of 
your  heart  and  eyes." 

After  graduating  from  Chattanooga  High 
(girls  could  not  enroll  at  Baylor),  Cox  at- 
tended the  University  of  Tennessee,  major- 
ing in  English  and  psychology,  and  com- 
pleted the  courses  for  her  B.A.  at  the 
University  of  Mississippi,  where  she  went 
to  be  near  her  future  husband,  a  medical 
student  in  Memphis.  With  marriage  came 
two  children:  a  son,  Mike  (now  a  represen- 
tative for  a  medical  company);  and  a  daugh- 
ter, Beth  (now  an  undergraduate  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Georgia).  Her  parents  died  within 
months  of  each  other  when  she  was  twenty- 
nine.  Then  while  her  husband  underwent 
the  slow  metamorphosis  from  medical  stu- 
dent to  resident  to  surgeon  at  Duke  Medical 
Center,  Cox  began  to  emerge  in  her  early 
thirties  as  a  serious  and  committed  writer. 
In  1978  she  acquired  an  M.F.A.  at  the 
University  of  North  Carolina  at  Greens- 
boro, studying  with  Fred  Chappell,  Robert 
Watson,  and  Lee  Zacharias. 

"My  whole  emphasis  was  on  poetry,"  she 
says,  but  "about  halfway  through,  I  told 
Fred  Chappell  I  would  like  to  try  a  story.  I 
remember  telling  him  in  the  hallway,  and  I 


thought  he  was  going  to  give  me  some 
advice  about  how  to  start  or  tell  me  what 
to  do,  and  all  he  said  was,  'Okay,  go  write 
one,'  and  I  said,  'Oh,  please  don't  say  that!' 
So  I  wrote  my  first  story,  and  Fred  said  that 
even  with  stories  I  was  further  along 
already.  It  felt  as  though  I  had  moved  into 
a  slot  when  I  was  writing  a  story,  that  I 
already  knew  what  I  was  doing." 

She  published  a  chapbook  of  poetry, 
White  Sugar  Candy,  with  the  Corradi  Press 
and  took  her  first  story,  "Land  of  Goshen," 
to  a  literary  conference  at  Saranac  Lake  in 
upper  New  York  State.  There,  novelist  and 
editor  Charles  Simmons  took  her  aside 
with  fellow  Southerner  Bobbie  Ann  Mason, 
told  both  of  them  to  continue  writing,  and 
talked  about  where  they  should  send  their 
stories.  E.  L.  Doctorow  also  liked  Cox's 
story  and  advised  her  to  try  a  novel.  "So  I 
came  home,  and  I  knew  not  to  read  The 
Rhetoric  of  Fiction  by  Wayne  C.  Booth." 

Instead,  she  took  a  course  in  the  sonata 
at  Duke.  "I  don't  know  that  I  learned  so 
much  about  music,  but  with  that  first 
novel  I  listened  to  a  lot  of  music.  I  didn't 
apply  anything  deliberately,  but  I  was  aware 
of  the  statement,  development,  reitera- 
tion, and  reminding  phrases  and  the  way 
that  affected  my  consciousness.  I  can't  tell 
you  how  that  informed  me,  but  it  did.  I 
don't  care  if  anyone  ever  mentions  it,  but  I 
think  it  is  heard.  I  think  the  music  of  that 
first  novel  is  heard." 

Her  stories  appeared  in  notable  journals 
such  as  Antaeus  and  Fiction  International 
and  received  citations  of  excellence.  She  re- 
ceived fellowships  to  writing  colonies,  and 
with  the  help  of  novelist  and  editor  Robie 
Macauley,  she  found  her  agent.  About  this 
time  she  was  invited  to  teach  in  Duke's 
Continuing  Education  program.  Familiar 
Ground  was  published  by  Atheneum  in 
1984  to  fine  reviews,  with  The  New  York 
Times  praising  it  as  "a  work  of  startling 
originality"  and  The  Washington  Post  com- 
menting, "We've  glimpsed  magic  that  we 
can't  quite  explain."  This  story  of  self-dis- 
covery was  dedicated  to  her  former  hus- 
band (her  marriage  had  ended,  and  he  had 
taken  up  practice  in  St.  Louis)  and  her  chil- 
dren. Shortly  thereafter,  she  joined  Duke's 
English  department,  teaching  at  first  part 
time  and  now  full  time.  The  Avon  paper- 
back edition  of  her  novel  appeared  in  1986. 

"I  love  teaching,"  she  says,  and  then  re- 
peats it.  "I  love  teaching.  It  does  take  time 
away  from  my  writing.  I  haven't  been  able 
to  figure  out  yet  how  to  balance  my  writing 
time  with  my  teaching  time.  I  think  that  is 
why  it  takes  me  so  long  to  write  a  novel. 
Very  often  what  1  give  in  classes  is  the  same 
energy  that  I  give  toward  my  own  writing. 
I'll  read  students'  work  at  least  three  times, 
each  thing  that  they  hand  in  to  me,  and 
try  to  give  it  the  attention  that  I  give  my 


At  the  center  of  The 
Ragged  Way  People  Fall 

Out  of  Love  is  an 

astonishing  resurcection, 

suggesting  that  love  may 

indeed  find  a  new 

pattern,  not  merely  a 

second  chance. 


own  work.  But  when  I'm  not  teaching,  I 
give  most  of  the  day  and  some  of  the  night 
to  writing.  If  the  story's  going  well,  I'm 
writing  all  the  time.  It  doesn't  matter  if 
I'm  at  the  pool  swimming  or  if  I'm  walking 
or  if  I'm  out  with  someone.  It  doesn't  mat- 
ter. The  story's  going  on,  and  I'm  thinking 
of  things." 

Since  her  editor  had  left  Atheneum, 
Cox's  agent  placed  her  second  novel  with 
North  Point  Press.  Although  the  central 
character  is  a  woman  who  is  a  late-bloom- 
ing painter,  the  subliminal  inspiration  was 
science,  not  music  and  not  painting.  "I 
took  an  astronomy  course  and  read  physics 
books,  which  is  very  difficult  for  me.  I  read 
a  lot  of  physics.  I  would  get  up  at  five 
o'clock  in  the  morning  and  read  the  sim- 
plest physics  I  could  find,  letting  that 
instruct  me  in  the  way  the  music  instruct- 
ed me  before."  Yet  when  she  talks  of 
rewriting  the  novel  ("Writing  about  3,000 
pages  to  get  250  that  I  liked"),  her  expla- 
nation of  the  process  is  extremely  tactile,  as 
if  she  were  a  potter  or  sculptor  or  painter. 

"This  was  the  first  novel  I'd  written  on  a 
computer,  and  I  noticed  that  I'd  become 
lazy  and  I  didn't  have  to  rewrite  every  page 
over  and  over.  So  I  would  skip  over  lots  of 
things  and  just  correct  certain  places.  But  I 
needed  to  handle  every  word  again.  So  I 
put  new  disks  in,  and  I  started  from  the 
first  word  and  typed  every  word  again. 
And  in  that  way  I  made  the  language  the 
way  I  wanted  it."  While  Cox  insists  that 
she  knows  very  little  about  the  visual  arts, 
she  likes  the  idea  that  writing  has  some 
correlation  to  painting.  "It  feels  tactile," 
she  says.  "I  try  to  create  something  you  can 
see.  A  lot  of  critics  talked  about  the  novel 
in  terms  of  brush  strokes,  but  I  was  puzzled, 
because  I  don't  know  anything  about 
painting." 

Her  idea  of  the  visual  in  fiction  is  "some- 
thing that's  visual  created  through  words. 
P.G.  Wodehouse  described  a  butler  com- 
ing into  the  room  as  'a  procession  of  one.' 


That's  visual.  Or  the  way  Margaret  Atwood 
describes  a  woman  entering  a  room  'as 
though  she  was  wearing  shoulder  pads.' 
That's  visual.  There's  a  way  that  words 
evoke  a  visual  image  in  the  mind  that's 
similar  to  painting.  The  painting  ends  up 
being  more  than  the  painting,  ends  up  in- 
cluding the  reader  or  the  looker,  includes 
the  person  it  is  speaking  to.  I  noticed  with 
students  that  very  often  their  descriptions 
sound  as  though  they  have  seen  it  on  tele- 
vision, and  I  have  to  move  them  into  their 
own  imaginations  so  that  they're  begin- 
ning to  evoke  an  image  that  is  from  their 
own  way  of  seeing.  You  have  to  feel  the 
language.  It  is  the  communication  of  one 
mind  to  another  that  has  a  force." 

The  New  York  Times  began  its  laudatory 
review  of  The  Ragged  Way  People  Fall  Out 
of  Love  by  comparing  the  novel  to  the  work 
of  a  specific  painter:  "Elizabeth  Cox's  sec- 
ond novel  has  the  clean  lines,  the  counter- 
point of  shadow  and  light  and  the  sense  of 
solitude  edging  into  loss  of  an  Edward  Hop- 
per painting."  The  New  Yorker  concluded 
its  review  with  the  observation  that  "only 
in  art  can  the  mistakes  of  our  lives  be  mea- 
sured with  such  grace  and  forgiveness,  or 
redeemed  through  such  close  attention." 

During  the  past  six  years  Cox  has  worked 
with  the  Durham  Community  Shelter  for 
HOPE.  She  has  lived  in  shelters  for  the 
homeless  in  New  York  City,  where  she  dis- 
covered "there's  a  smell  I  couldn't  get  away 
from  and  finally  it  came  into  my  clothes.  It 
wasn't  body  smell.  It  smelled  like  death. 
And  sleeping  in  that,  never  getting  away 
from  it,  had  an  effect  on  me."  While  she  is 
modest  about  her  activity  ("I  serve  meals 
and  sometimes  I  cook.  .  .  and  I've  made 
some  friends")  and  obviously  unsentimen- 
tal about  the  environment  of  the  shelters, 
she  is  most  positive  about  the  benefit  to 
herself.  "I'm  very  impressed  with  the  hope 
I  see  there  that  I  don't  see  anywhere  else 
in  my  life,  or  in  anybody.  These  are  people 
who  don't  have  too  much  to  hope  for  and 
find  ways  to  get  through  their  days  with 
humor  and  with  an  uncomplaining  courage 
that  I  just  like  to  be  around.  I've  been 
taught  a  lot  and  hope  to  write  something 
about  it,  but  1  don't  yet  know  how." 

In  fact,  however,  two  of  her  most  intri- 
guing and  mysterious  characters  are  home- 
less— the  retarded  man  Oliver  (nicknamed 
"Soldier")  in  her  first  novel  and  the  suicidal 
young  hermit  Zack  in  her  second.  "I  think 
I  write  in  order  to  discover  something  and 
that  discovery  comes  not  through  one  per- 
son, but  through  relationships  among  peo- 
ple," she  explains.  "Soldier  and  Zack  are 
extreme  characters  in  both  novels.  I  know 
that  Proust  uses  an  extreme  character  to 
magnify  the  normal  ones  or  some  aspect  <>t 
the  normal  ones,  and  I  think  that's  what 
Continued  on  page  39 

if 


DUKE  PERSPECTIVES 


A  KILLER 

CIDSETO 

THE  HEART 


BY  BRIDGET  BOOHER 


BREAST  CANCER: 


BATTLING  FOR  A  BREAKTHROUGH 


When  my  grandmother  Mary 
Idelia  Benson  Booher  '40 
died,  none  of  us  under- 
stood much  about  the  dis- 
ease that  killed  her.  It  was  the  first  time  I'd 
known  someone  who  actually  died  of 
breast  cancer.  Of  course,  other  women  had 
succumbed  to  the  condition,  but  families 
usually  would  blame  cancer — not  breast 
cancer — as  the  culprit.  Breast  cancer 
wasn't  talked  about  openly. 

Suddenly,  breast  cancer  is  out  in  the 
open.  Sadly,  it's  almost  unavoidable.  A 
classmate  of  mine  underwent  a  mastectomy 
before  she  turned  thirty.  My  mother  lost 
two  close  friends  in  as  many  years.  Another 
woman,  at  my  mother's  insistence,  finally 
went  for  her  first  mammogram.  Doctors 
found  a  tumor;  she  underwent  a  mastecto- 
my on  her  forty-seventh  birthday. 

Everyone  reading  this  article  will  be 
touched  by  breast  cancer.  It  may  be  your 
mother,  your  sister-in-law,  a  co-worker.  It 
may  be  you. 

The  statistics  are  staggering:  One  in  nine 
American  women  will  be  diagnosed  with 
breast  cancer  in  her  lifetime,  according  to 
the  National  Cancer  Institute.  This  year 
alone,  about  150,000  women  will  find  out 
they  have   the  disease.   Of  those,   nearly 


45,000  will  die.  After  heart  disease,  breast 
cancer  is  the  leading  cause  of  death  among 
women.  It  is  the  number  one  killer  of 
black  women. 

Although  it's  only  recently  that  breast 
cancer  has  been  recognized  as  such  a  prev- 
alent and  destructive  force,  the  epidemic 
has  been  around  a  long  time.  In  her  book 
The  Race  is  Run  One  Step  At  A  Time,  an 
account  of  her  own  successful  (and  her  sis- 
ter's unsuccessful)  fight  with  breast  cancer, 
author  Nancy  Brinker  offers  a  chilling 
illustration:  "During  the  ten  years  of  the 
Vietnam  War,  58,000  men  and  women  died. 
During  that  same  ten-year  period,  330,000 
women  died  of  breast  cancer." 

If  you  were  to  construct  a  monument  to 
those  women,  it  would  be  more  than  five- 
and-a-half  times  the  size  of  the  Vietnam 
Veterans'  Memorial  in  Washington,  D.C. 

♦  ♦♦ 

On  one  wall  of  Rachel  Weinbaum 
Schanberg's  office  is  a  framed  color  photo- 
graph of  a  bent  but  still  vibrant  lemon- 
yellow  daffodil  surrounded  by  snow.  Under- 
neath the  image  is  a  quote  by  Albert  Camus: 
"In  the  midst  of  winter,  I  finally  learned 
that  there  was  in  me  an  invincible  summer." 


Fed  up  with  the  snails  pace 

at  which  funding  is  awarded  for  research, 

prevention,  and  treatment, 

women's  health  advocates 

are  demanding  immediate  steps  to  combat 

the  second  leading  cause  of  death 

among  women. 


A  vital  and  determined  woman,  Schan- 
berg  M.E.D.  '71  knows  something  about 
the  emotional  upheaval  tragedy  can  trig- 
ger. The  week  before  going  away  to  college 
for  her  freshman  year,  Schanberg's  daughter 
Linda  was  diagnosed  with  Hodgkin's  dis- 
ease. After  an  eight-year  battle,  Linda  died 
six  years  ago.  Schanberg  channeled  her  suf- 
fering into  something  productive:  She  estab- 
lished the  Cancer  Patient  Support  Program 
at  Duke. 

Located  right  inside  the  front  door  of  the 
Morris  Building,  which  houses  various  can- 
cer screening  and  treatment  clinics,  the 
program  office  is  a  symbolic  way  station  for 
people  diagnosed  with  cancer  and  their 
families  and  friends.  Sometimes  it  is  the 
first  stop  for  patients  after  being  diagnosed. 

Among  its  many  services,  the  program  in- 
cludes a  weekly  support  group  for  women 
with  breast  cancer.  "Most  of  the  women 
are  post-surgery  and  their  prognosis  is  good," 
says  Schanberg.  "We  find  that  women  deal- 
ing with  breast  cancer  have  a  lot  of  issues 
in  common,  and  it's  very  reassuring  for  them 
to  find  other  people  with  similar  concerns. 
When  you've  been  hit  [with  the  diagnosis], 
it  seems  like  the  whole  world  is  falling  down 
around  you.  That  is  a  very  different  phase 
than  when  you've  been  through  chemo- 
therapy and  lost  your  hair  and  now  it's 
starting  to  come  back.  So  we  try  to  match 
people  who  are  at  similar  stages." 

With  the  help  of  volunteers,  Schanberg 
helps  patients  find  inner  strength — that 
"invincible  summer" — to  get  through  a 
frightening  and  unforeseen  episode  in 
their  lives.  One  of  those  volunteers  is  Mar- 
garet Self  Bennett  '53,  who  prefers  to  be 
called  Marti.  She  took  the  daffodil  photo- 
graph that  hangs  on  Rachel  Schanberg's 
wall  two  months  after  undergoing  a  mastec- 
tomy. When  she  later  found  out  the  flower 
was  the  official  symbol  of  the  American 
Cancer  Society,  "it  had  a  double-whammy 
meaning  for  me." 

"That  photograph  just  happened,"  she 
says.  "I've  just  started  taking  a  photography 
class  because  I  want  to  be  able  to  control 
the  image.  I'm  a  very  controlling  lady,  and 
this  is  one  of  things  that  angered  and  upset 
me  about  cancer.  Once  you  have  the  diag- 
nosis, you're  no  longer  in  control.  You  see 
life  in  an  entirely  different  way." 

When  she  first  began  to  experience  pain 
in  her  breast,  Bennett  didn't  suspect  any- 
thing major  because  discomfort  is  not  usu- 
ally a  symptom  of  breast  cancer.  Although 
she  was  not  due  for  a  mammogram,  on  the 
advice  of  her  OB/GYN  she  had  one  done. 
The  screening  procedure,  which  uses  low- 
dose  X-rays,  turned  up  a  tumor.  Nine 
months  after  her  mastectomy,  Bennett  began 
volunteering  at  the  Cancer  Patient  Sup- 
port Program  to  work  with  breast  cancer 
patients.  Her  determination  to  help  other 


One  in  nine  women 

will  develop  breast 

cancer  in  her  lifetime. 

But  researchers  still  don't 

know  what  causes  it, 

or  why  some  women 

develop  it  and  others 

don't. 


women,  however,  does  not  stop  when  vol- 
unteer hours  are  over. 

"It's  almost  automatic  for  me  now  to  ask 
my  friends,  'Have  you  had  your  mammo- 
gram?' And  that  used  not  to  be  a  topic  of 
conversation.  But  since  this  has  happened 
to  me,  it's  something  my  friends  are  aware 
of,  and  that's  good." 

Mammograms  are  capable  of  spotting 
abnormal  growths  long  before  a  woman  or 
her  doctor  can  feel  anything;  when  cancer 
is  detected  in  the  early  stages,  the  survival 
rate  for  women  is  as  high  as  90  to  95  per- 
cent. And  just  because  a  mammogram  turns 
up  a  lump  doesn't  mean  cancer;  the  major- 
ity of  breast  lumps  are  benign.  Still,  if  a 
woman  thinks  something  is  not  right  with 
her  breasts,  or  she  detects  a  lump,  she 
should  have  her  doctor  check  it  out  imme- 
diately, regardless  of  her  age. 

According  to  the  National  Cancer  Insti- 
tute (NCI)  and  the  American  Cancer  Soci- 
ety (ACS),  women  should  have  their  first 
mammogram  (called  a  "baseline"  mammo- 
gram) between  the  ages  of  thirty-five  and 
thirty-nine.  After  that,  a  mammogram 
should  be  performed  every  two  years  until  a 
woman  reaches  the  age  of  fifty.  After  fifty, 
yearly  mammograms  are  recommended. 
Women  in  high-risk  categories — with  close 
female  relatives  who  have  had  the  disease, 
or  previous  abnormal  biopsies — should  have 
an  annual  mammogram  from  the  age  of 
thirty-five  on.  Still,  75  to  80  percent  of 
those  diagnosed  with  breast  cancer  (a  very 
small  number  of  men  develop  the  disease) 
are  not  in  high-risk  groups. 

Sound  simple?  Well,  it's  not.  Until  last 
year,  federal  standards  for  mammography 
facilities  didn't  even  exist.  In  proposing 
the  Breast  Cancer  Screening  Act  of  1991, 
U.S.  Representatives  Patricia  Schroeder  and 
Marilyn  Lloyd,  and  Senators  Brock  Adams 
and  Barbara  Mikulski,  noted  that  only 
about  20  percent  of  mammography  units 
have  been  accredited.  Of  the  mere  one- 
third  of  U.S.  facilities  that  applied  for  pro- 


fessional accreditation,  about  one-third  of 
those  failed  to  pass  on  their  first  try.  And 
many  are  run  by  untrained  health  service 
professionals,  resulting  in  inaccurate  screen- 
ing results.  The  Schroeder  bill  calls  for  all 
mammography  facilities  to  be  certified  by  a 
national  accreditation  body  that  would  in- 
spect equipment  annually  and  insure  that 
only  certified  personnel  operate  the  ma- 
chines and  qualified  radiologists  interpret 
test  results. 

Another  snag  in  making  mammography 
effective  and  available  is  that  many  insur- 
ance companies  refuse  to  cover  the  cost,  if 
at  all,  until  a  woman  reaches  a  certain  age. 
Medicare  only  began  paying  for  mammo- 
grams last  year.  For  an  uninsured  or  lower- 
income  woman,  the  cost  of  getting  a  mam- 
mogram— anywhere  from  $50  to  $200 — 
can  be  prohibitive. 

Laura  Carpenter  Bingham,  director  of 
external  relations  for  the  Duke  Compre- 
hensive Cancer  Center,  is  aware  of  how 
difficult  it  can  be  to  change  health  care 
policies.  Through  a  North  Carolina  coali- 
tion called  LifeSavers,  Bingham  and  other 
individuals,  along  with  a  host  of  state 
health  and  social  service  agencies,  worked 
for  years  to  persuade  insurance  companies 
to  pay  for  mammograms.  "After  ten-plus 
years  of  convincing  evidence  demonstrating 
the  cost-effectiveness  of  screening  mam- 
mography," says  Bingham,  "insurance  com- 
panies still  refused  to  cover  procedures  in 
health  plans  voluntarily.  Since  most  buyers 
rely  on  those  companies  to  determine  their 
'array'  of  coverage,  we  believed  women  were 
being  unfairly  treated  and  that  only  a  legis- 
lative mandate  requiring  coverage  would 
provide  corrective  action." 

As  Bingham  and  others  point  out,  paying 
for  screening  early  on  saves  not  only  lives 
but  money,  too.  "Breast  cancer  caught  early 
averages  $15,000  in  treatment  and  is  very 
effective  at  saving  lives.  Late  diagnosis 
averages  $75,000  to  $150,000,  with  long- 
term  successful  treatment  less  likely." 

After  being  sidetracked  and  blocked  in 
previous  years  by  the  insurance  industry 
and  business  lobbyists,  legislation  requiring 
North  Carolina  insurance  companies  to  pay 
for  mammograms  (according  to  the  sche- 
dule recommended  by  NCI  and  ACS)  and 
pap  smears,  which  test  for  cervical  cancer, 
was  finally  passed  and  ratified  last  summer. 
Now,  LifeSavers  is  pushing  for  state  Medi- 
caid coverage  and  state  funds  for  local 
health  department  screenings. 

But  passage  of  the  North  Carolina  bill  is 
just  a  small  step  toward  a  much  larger  goal. 
Fed  up  with  the  snail's  pace  that  funding  is 
awarded  for  research,  prevention,  and  treat- 
ment, physicians,  breast  cancer  victims, 
and  women's  health  advocates  across  the 
country  are  demanding  immediate  and  com- 
prehensive steps  toward  reducing  the  inci- 


Spirit  of  renewal:  breast  cancer  survivor  Marti  Bennett,  left,  and  Rachel  Schanberg,  founder  of  Duke's  Cancer  Patient  Support  Group 


dence  of  breast  cancer. 

In  February  of  this  year,  a  bipartisan 
coalition  of  U.S.  representatives  and  sena- 
tors announced  the  Breast  Cancer  Chal- 
lenge of  1991,  calling  on  the  National  Can- 
cer Institute  and  medical  groups  to  "win 
the  fight  against  breast  cancer  by  the  year 
2000."  Among  its  directives: 

•  To  understand  the  cause  and  find  a 
cure  for  breast  cancer  by  the  year  2000; 

•  To  reduce  the  incidence  rate  of  breast 
cancer  significantly  by  the  year  2000; 

•  To  reduce  the  mortality  rate  of  breast 
cancer  by  50  percent  by  the  year  2000; 

•  To  ensure  by  the  year  2000  that  all 
women  over  the  age  of  forty  get  regular 
mammograms; 

•  To  ensure  by  the  year  2000  that  all 
mammograms  are  of  the  highest  quality. 

"Funding  cancer  research  is  something 
that's  very  near  and  dear  to  my  heart,"  says 
J.  Dirk  Iglehart,  assistant  professor  of  sur- 
gery and  head  of  the  Duke  Medical  Cen- 
ter's Tumor  Biology  Lab.  "This  year,  the 
National  Cancer  Institute  awarded  money 
to  only  about  15  percent  of  investigator- 
initiated  grants  that  were  proposed.  It's  a 
death  knell  for  young  people  who  start  off 
in  academia  with  good  ideas  but  get  eaten 


alive  trying  to  get  grant  money  to  do  re- 
search. Many  of  them  end  up  leaving  uni- 
versities and  going  into  private  practice." 

The  Congressional  Caucus  for  Women's 
Issues  was  responsible  for  the  Women's 
Health  Equity  Act  of  1991,  an  omnibus 
package  of  legislation  that  includes  the 
Breast  Cancer  Screening  Act.  Sponsors  of 
the  Health  Equity  Act  were  alarmed  at  the 
disparity  between  money  spent  on  men's 
and  women's  health  issues — as  well  as  the 
absence  of  women  in  clinical  trials  for 
medical  conditions  affecting  both  men  and 
women — and  recommended  sweeping 
changes  in  funding  and  research.  In  the 
introduction  to  the  legislation,  the  authors 
point  out  that  the  National  Institutes  of 
Health  (NIH),  the  country's  major  source 
of  funding  for  medical  research,  "spends 
only  about  13  percent  of  its  budget  on 
women's  health  [specifically]."  In  1990, 
the  NIH's  National  Cancer  Institute  budget 
was  $80  million;  only  $18  million  of  that 
was  targeted  for  basic  research  on  breast 
cancer. 

Speaking  strictly  from  a  policy  stand- 
point, some  analysts  argue  that  there  are  a 
host  of  other  diseases  that  demand  research 
dollars  as  well.  Christopher  Conover,  a  re- 


search associate  in  Duke's  Center  for  Health 
Policy  Research  and  Education,  says  "there 
is  some  evidence  to  suggest  that  research 
priorities  have  shown  some  bias  against 
women.  But  you  have  to  look  at  it  from  a 
cost-effective  standpoint.  You're  trying  to 
maximize  the  yield  on  the  resources  you 
have  to  allocate.  The  question  is:  Does  it 
make  sense  [to  spend  a  large  amount  on 
breast  cancer]  given  all  the  other  diseases 
there  are?" 

In  an  article  he  wrote  on  screening  for 
breast  cancer,  David  Eddy,  a  professor  in 
the  health  policy  center  and  community 
and  family  medicine  department,  offers  a 
clinical  example  of  Conover's  point. 
"There  is  very  good  evidence  that  screen- 
ing for  breast  cancer  reduces  mortality  in 
women  older  than  fifty  years  and  sugges- 
tive but  inconsistent  evidence  that  screen- 
ing is  effective  in  reducing  long-term  mor- 
tality in  women  younger  than  fifty  years," 
he  writes  in  a  1989  report  in  Annals  of 
Internal  Medicine. 

Insurance  companies  use  such  evidence 
to  argue  that  it's  not  cost-effective  to 
cover  screening  in  women  less  than  fifty 
years  old.  (In  fact,  Eddy  was  a  consultant 
for  Blue  Cross/Blue  Shield  when  he  wrote 


the  breast  cancer  screening  study.)  Even 
Dirk  Iglehart,  who  would  like  to  see  more 
money  set  aside  for  breast  cancer  research, 
says  that  he  can  understand  that  impersonal, 
"cost-effectiveness"  line  of  reasoning. 

"It  hasn't  been  proven  that  annual 
mammograms  benefit  women  between  the 
ages  of  forty  and  fifty,  if  you  look  at  the 
general  population  as  a  whole,"  says  Igle- 
hart. "And  insurance  companies  look  at 
megatrends  in  medicine  and  if  they  see 
that  [mammograms]  aren't  beneficial  in 
large  masses  of  patients,  their  attitude  is, 
'Why  should  we  pay  for  this?'  Now,  we've 
all  seen  women  [under  fifty]  come  in  for  a 
routine  mammogram  and  found  a  100  per- 
cent curable  cancer  that  wouldn't  have 
been  found  otherwise.  But  insurance  com- 
panies aren't  looking  at  individual  cases." 

In  his  own  research,  Iglehart  and  his 
researchers  have  located  a  gene,  called  the 
erbB-2,  that  may  play  a  significant  role  in 
initiating  certain  breast  cancers.  While 
most  breast  cancers  occur  randomly  and 
are  not  genetic,  this  discovery  may  eventu- 
ally assist  physicians  in  screening  at-risk 
patients  in  much  the  same  way  that  poten- 
tial parents  can  be  tested  to  see  if  they're 
in  danger  of  having  a  child  with  cystic 
fibrosis. 

But  even  with  encouraging,  albeit  pre- 
liminary, findings  such  as  this,  there  are  huge 
gaps  of  knowledge  in  what  causes  breast  I 
cancer.  Is  it  too  much  fat  in  the  diet? 
American  and  other  Westernized  women 
are  much  more  likely  to  develop  breast 
cancer  than  are  women  in  countries  like 
Japan  where  low-fat  diets  are  the  norm.  Is 
it  lifelong  exposure  to  estrogen?  Some 
researchers  have  found  a  link  between  that 
female  hormone  and  the  body's  tendency 
to  develop  tumor  cells.  But  no  one  can 
explain  why  one  woman  develops  breast 
cancer  and  another  one  doesn't.  And  that 
is  why  increased  research  funding  is  a  criti- 
cal step  toward  understanding  and  pre- 
venting the  disease. 

"To  the  extent  that  we  put  money  into 
cancer  research,  we're  going  to  get  some- 
thing back,"  says  Dirk  Iglehart.  "There's  no 
question  about  that.  It  may  not  be  a  cure 
for  cancer  in  our  lifetime,  but  it's  going  to 
be  something  productive  nonetheless." 

In  addition  to  his  research,  Iglehart  is 
also  involved  with  the  clinical  side  of 
breast  cancer.  Although  he  acknowledges 
that  there  seems  to  be  an  increase  in  the 
number  of  women  coming  to  the  medical 
center's  breast  clinic — and  being  diag- 
nosed with  breast  cancer — he  attributes 
the  increase  in  part  to  simple  demographics: 
With  the  aging  population,  there  are  more 
women  in  the  over-forty  age  bracket  than 
ever  before. 

"Breast  cancer  is  still  a  very  uncommon 
disease  in  women  under  the  age  of  forty," 

16 


"To  the  extent  that  we 
put  money  into  cancer 
research,  we're  going  to 

get  something  back. 

There's  no  question 
about  that." 

J.  DIRK  IGLEHART 
Assistant  Professor  of  Surgery 


he  says.  "But  it  becomes  much  more  com- 
mon after  that.  Some  of  the  increased  inci- 
dence may  be  due  to  the  fact  that  people 
are  living  longer  and  women  are  getting  to 
an  age  where  breast  cancer  is  very  com- 
mon. An  eighty-year-old  woman  is  far 
more  likely  to  get  breast  cancer  than  is  a 
forty-year-old  woman.  Also,  members  of 
my  generation,  the  Baby  Boomers,  are  now 
in  their  forties;  there  are  a  lot  of  us  out 
there.  I  think  that's  at  least  part  of  the  rea- 
son I  see  so  many  thirty-five-to-forty-year- 
old  women  in  my  clinic." 

Once  a  woman  receives  a  positive  diag- 
nosis for  early-stage  breast  cancer,  she  has 
basically  two  treatment  options.  Mastec- 
tomies, in  which  part  or  all  of  the  breast  is 
removed,  are  still  widely  and  routinely  per- 
formed. No  longer  the  horribly  disfiguring 
procedure  it  once  was,  the  mastectomy  is 
often  supplemented  by  aesthetically  ad- 
vanced   reconstructive    surgery.    Lumpec- 


tomies, on  the  other  hand,  remove  only  the 
cancerous  tumor,  followed  by  radiation  ther- 
apy. Medically  speaking,  women  in  both 
treatment  groups  have  roughly  the  same 
long-term  survival  rate.  The  final  decision 
is  left  to  the  woman  and  her  family. 

"When  I  first  started  working  here,"  says 
the  Cancer  Patient  Support  Program's 
Rachel  Schanberg,  "patients  would  come 
to  my  office  and  say,  'They  said  I  can  have 
a  mastectomy  or  a  lumpectomy.  What 
should  I  do?'  And  I  didn't  know  what  to 
tell  them.  Clearly,  the  physicians  believe 
the  prognostic  outcome  is  going  to  be  the 
same.  So  it  has  to  be  a  personal  decision. 
Some  women  would  rather  say,  'I  don't  want 
to  look  at  a  breast  that  had  cancer  in  it 
and  I  don't  want  to  have  to  come  back  for 
treatments.  Let's  get  this  over  with.'  Oth- 
ers will  say,  'I  don't  want  to  look  at  myself 
without  a  breast,  and  I'm  willing  to  go 
through  radiation  in  order  to  preserve  it.'  " 

For  women  with  advanced  stages  of  the 
disease,  where  it  has  already  metastasized 
(spread)  to  others  part  of  the  body  such  as 
the  lungs  or  bones,  the  prognosis  is  not 
good.  Traditionally,  these  women  have 
been  given  chemotherapy  or  hormone 
therapy  to  slow  the  spread.  Autologous 
bone  marrow  transplantation,  an  innova- 
tive and  promising  procedure,  removes 
some  of  the  patient's  bone  marrow,  which 
is  then  reinfused  after  she  has  received 
near  life-threatening  doses  of  chemotherapy 
and  radiation.  (Duke's  own  Bone  Marrow 
Transplantation  Program  is  in  the  midst  of 
a  nationwide  study.  The  study  compares  the 
effectiveness  of  high-dose  chemotherapy 
and  bone  marrow  transplantation  against 
standard-dose  chemotherapy  for  women  who 
have  breast  cancer  involving  ten  or  more 
lymph  nodes.) 

While  these  breakthroughs  are  encour- 
aging for  those  who  have  followed  the 
deadly  path  breast  cancer  can  take,  there 
remains  a  sense  of  urgency  about  prevent- 
ing the  disease  from  getting  that  far  in  the 
first  place.  Because  basic  research  concen- 
trates on  the  origins  of  disease,  and  is  thus 
a  prerequisite  for  preventing  or  curing  a 
disease,  women's  health  advocates  say  in- 
creased funding  for  breast  cancer  research 
is  critical.  It's  also  up  to  every  woman  to  per- 
form monthly  breast  self-examinations, 
have  regular  mammograms  after  the  age  of 
forty,  and  make  sure  their  friends  and  rela- 
tives do,  too. 

"If  it  hadn't  been  for  the  pain,  I  never 
would  have  had  the  mammogram  when  I 
did — I  wasn't  due  for  another  year,"  says 
Marti  Bennett.  "When  I  hear  a  woman  say 
that  something  doesn't  feel  right,  I  bug  her 
to  get  it  checked  out.  I  don't  mind  bugging 
people.  Before  I  was  diagnosed,  I  knew  very 
little  about  breast  cancer.  Now,  I'm  on  a 
soapbox."  ■ 


DUKE 


lassaiaa 


DISTINGUISHED 
TEACHER 


When  history  professor  Sharon 
Schildein  Grimes  A.M.  '79, 
Ph.D.  '86  invites  her  students 
to  dinner,  the  class  doesn't  always  know 
what  to  expect.  Her  meals  have  ranged 
from  a  Greco-Roman  feast  to  a  British 
poorhouse  meal,  circa  the  Industrial  Revo- 
lution. But  there's  method,  not  madness, 
in  her  menu  selection. 

"Theme"  dinners  from  important  histor- 
ical periods  are  part  of  Grimes'  personal 
approach  to  teaching.  And  it's  this  inter- 
active relationship  with  her  subject  matter 
and  her  students  that  has  led  to  her  receiv- 
ing the  Alumni  Distinguished  Undergrad- 
uate Teaching  Award  for  1990-91.  Profes- 
sors are  nominated  and  selected  by  students; 
the  award  is  sponsored  by  the  Duke  Alumni 
Association. 

Grimes  became  acquainted  with  a  great 
many  Duke  students  as  assistant  director  of 
the  Pre-Major  Advising  Center  since  1985 
and  as  an  adjunct  member  of  the  history 
faculty;  she  now  teaches  full  time.  The 
Chicago  native  earned  her  bachelor's  in 
music  from  Westminster  Choir  College.  She 
worked  for  the  American  Hospital  Associa- 
tion in  Chicago  before  coming  to  Durham, 
where  she  worked  at  the  Duke  Medical 
Center  and  pursued  a  master's  degree.  Her 
husband,  John,  is  president-elect  of  the  Dur- 
ham County  Hospital  medical  staff  and  an 
associate  consulting  professor  in  the  urolo- 
gy division  of  Duke's  medical  center.  The 
couple  has  two  grown  sons,  John  and  Will. 

In  a  letter  of  nomination  for  the  teach- 
ing award,  a  student  praised  her  approach 
to  teaching  history,  mentioning  the  "the- 
matic dinners"  and  the  opportunities  she 
provides  students  to  learn  "more  about  his- 
tory and  each  other  in  an  informal  setting." 

Students  also  commented  on  Grimes' 
individual  interest  in  them.  "On  my  first 
day  of  class,  I  was  impressed  with  the 
efforts  she  made  to  learn  about  her  stu- 
dents as  people.  .  .  .  [We]  were  invited  to 
stop  by  her  office  anytime  and  were  told 
that  four  to  five  p.m.  each  day,  in  particu- 
lar, was  saved  to  chat  with  both  old  and 


Class  action:  student-selected 
distinguished  teacher  Gr 
bottom  right,  lee 
alfresco  history  ck 


new  students  alike." 

Another  student  characterized  her  as 
"by  far  the  most  creative,  energetic,  and 
overall  caring  teacher  I  have  ever  had." 

The  award  includes  a  $5,000  stipend 
and  $1,000  for  a  Duke  library  to  purchase 
books  recommended  by  the  recipient; 
Grimes  has  chosen  the  Lilly  Library  on 
East  Campus. 


VOLUNTEER 
HONOR  ROLL 


Top-ten  lists  run  rampant  as  the  year 
winds  down,  so  it's  no  surprise  that 
the  offices  of  alumni  affairs  and  devel- 
opment have  selected  ten  top  alumni  to  re- 
ceive the  Charles  A.  Dukes  Awards  for  out- 
standing volunteer  service  to  the  university. 


Recipients  are  chosen  by  the  Duke  Alumni 
Association's  board  of  directors  and  the 
executive  committee  of  the  Annual  Fund. 

The  annual  award  honors  the  memory 
of  Dukes  79,  former  director  of  alumni  af- 
fairs, who  died  in  1984.  Named  to  receive 
the  1990-91  award  were: 

•  Michele  Clause  Farquhar  '79  of 
Bethesda,  Maryland.  As  the  Duke  Club  of 
Washington's  community  service  commit- 
tee chair  from  1988  to  1990,  she  organized 
alumni  as  volunteers  for  blood  drives,  soup 
kitchens,  nursing  home  visits,  and  Special 
Olympics.  She  was  named  co-chair  in  1989 
of  the  club's  Partnership  In  Education 
(PIE)  Project,  a  collaboration  with  the 
Council  for  Advancement  and  Support  of 
Education  (CASE)  that  adopted  an  inner- 
city  elementary  school  and  provided  tutors 
and  other  necessary  volunteer  services.  The 
District  of  Columbia  Public  Schools  recog- 
nized the  PIE  Project  with  its  1991  Out- 


standing  Partners  in  Education  Award,  and 
The  American  Society  of  Association  Ex- 
ecutives honored  the  effort  with  its  Asso- 
ciation Advance  America  Award  certifi- 
cate of  excellence. 

•  John  E.  Hanson  '59  of  Atlanta,  Geor- 
gia. Chair  of  Atlanta's  Alumni  Admissions 
Advisory  Committee  (AAAC)  since  1986, 
he  works  with  eighty  committee  members 
to  interview  more  than  300  Duke  appli- 
cants each  year. 

•  Robert  L.  Heidrick  '63  of  Chicago, 
Illinois.  A  past  president  of  the  Duke  Alum- 
ni Association  and  its  first  representative 
on  Duke's  board  of  trustees,  he  is  a  former 
Duke  Club  of  Chicago  president  and  is  cur- 
rently national  chairman  of  the  William 
Preston  Few  Association.  He  is  a  member  of 
the  President's  Council  and  the  Founders' 
Society. 

•  W.  Eric  Hinshaw  '71  of  Mebane, 
North  Carolina.  A  member  of  the  Presi- 
dent's Council  and  the  Fuqua  School  of 
Business  Advisory  Board,  he  is  the  Annual 
Fund  reunion  gift  chair  for  his  twentieth 
reunion. 

•  David  G.  Klaber  J.D.  '69  of  Pitts- 
burgh, Pennsylvania.  In  1987,  he  helped 
organize  the  local  law  alumni  association 
in  Pittsburgh  and  serves  as  its  president. 
He  is  secretary-treasurer  of  the  Law  Alumni 
Council,  a  member  of  the  Barristers  Club, 
and  an  interviewer  and  adviser  with  the 
law  school's  alumni  admissions  program 
since  its  inception. 

•  Kathryn  Sords  Mercer  '77  of  Shaker 
Heights,  Ohio.  She  has  chaired  Cleve- 
land's AAAC  since  1984,  coordinating 
forty-five  members  who  interview  nearly 
100  Duke  applicants  from  northern  Ohio. 

•  Paul  D.  Risher  B.S.M.E.  '57  of  Stam- 
ford, Connecticut.  President  of  the  Duke 
Alumni  Association  in  1987-88,  chair  of 
Stamford's  AAAC,  and  class  officer  from 
1982  to  1986,  he  is  a  member  of  the 
Washington  Duke  Club  and  served  on  the 
alumni  association's  executive  committee, 
whose  work  led  to  the  "Survey  of  Alumni 
Attitudes  and  Opinions." 

•  Elaine  R.  Sanders  '91  of  Durham, 
North  Carolina.  The  youngest  inductee  for 
this  award,  she  is  the  first  to  be  chosen  for 
her  service  as  an  undergraduate.  She  chaired 
the  1990-91  Fannie  Y.  Mitchell  Confer- 
ence on  Career  Choices,  which  attracted 
eighty-five  alumni  back  to  campus  to  offer 
career  advice  to  more  than  1,000  students. 

•  Jack  D.  Williams  '60,  M.D.  '65  of 
Shelby,  North  Carolina.  A  class  agent  since 
the  beginning  of  the  medical  school's  pro- 
gram, he  has  chaired  the  school's  Annual 
Fund  reunion  gift  drive  and  now  heads  the 
Davison  Club  as  president. 

•  Charles  Howe  "Chuck"  Wilson  '51  of 
Durham,  North  Carolina.  For  the  past  fif- 
teen years,  he  has  been  active  as  a  class  gift 


Top  talk:  DAA  president  James  Ladd,  left,  immediate  past  president  Lee  Johns,  and  Alumni  Affairs  din 
Laney  Funderburk  at  Leadership  Conference  reception 


chair  or  class  agent;  this  year  he  heads  his 
fortieth  reunion's  gift  drive.  He  is  also  a 
charter  member  of  the  Iron  Dukes. 


SCHOOL  FOR 
LEADERS 


Volunteers  are  vital  to  alumni-driv- 
en programs,  and  from  their  ranks 
leaders  emerge.  To  keep  them  ap- 
prised of  Duke's  directions  and  informed 
about  their  particular  duties,  the  Duke 
Alumni  Association  (DAA)  sponsors  a  bi- 
ennial Leadership  Conference  in  Septem- 
ber. This  year  more  than  100  alumni  club 
presidents,  Alumni  Admissions  Advisory 
Committee  (AAAC)  chairs,  and  reunion 


Noteworthy:  Ciompi  Quartet  provides  "after-school" 
:  in  Duke  Gardens 


planning  and  gift  drive  leaders  took  part  in 
a  weekend  of  workshops,  seminars,  and 
socializing. 

The  conference  offers  alumni  leaders  a 
chance  to  meet  campus  leaders,  who  came 
out  in  full  force  for  Friday's  presentations. 
Alumni  Affairs  Director  M.  Laney  Funder- 
burk Jr.  '60  welcomed  alumni  leaders  and 
introduced  Duke  President  H.  Keith  H. 
Brodie,  who  gave  a  "state  of  the  university" 
address.  Other  speakers  and  their  topics 
were:  Trinity  College  dean  and  vice  pro- 
vost Richard  A.  White  on  undergraduate 
education  and  admissions;  School  of  Engi- 
neering dean  Earl  H.  Dowell  on  engineer- 
ing education;  John  F.  Burness,  senior  vice 
president  for  public  affairs,  on  the  debate 
concerning  "political  correctness";  and  S. 
Malcolm  Gillis,  dean  of  the  faculty,  on 
Duke's  new  directions  in  the  sciences. 

Janet  Dickerson,  Duke's  new  vice  presi- 
dent for  student  affairs,  presented  a  panel 
of  students  to  address  campus  concerns. 
Men's  basketball  coach  Mike  Krzyzewski, 
who  was  presented  a  special  plaque  of  ap- 
preciation by  DAA  president  James  R. 
Ladd  '64,  also  spoke.  That  evening  John  J. 
Piva  Jr.,  senior  vice  president  for  alumni  af- 
fairs and  development,  was  host  for  cock- 
tails and  dinner  in  the  Duke  Gardens,  featur- 
ing entertainment  by  the  Ciompi  Quartet. 

The  program  continued  on  Saturday 
morning  with  each  group  of  alumni  meet- 
ing for  workshops  and  seminars  in  their 
particular  area:  alumni  admissions,  alumni 
clubs,  reunion  planning,  or  reunion  gift 
drives.  Topics  ranged  from  the  complexi- 
ties of  community  service  projects  to  what 
does  and  does  not  work  in  AAAC  inter- 
viewing. Volunteers  took  a  break  in  the 
afternoon  for  the  Duke-Rutgers  football 
game  and  a  buffet  dinner,  resuming  their 
workshops  Saturday  evening  and  Sunday 
morning. 


IS 


CLASS 
NOTES 


WRITE:  Class  Notes  Editor,  Duke  Maga: 
614  Chapel  Drive,  Durham,  N.C.  27706 


CHANGE  OF  ADDRESS:  Alumni  Records, 
614  Chapel  Drive  Annex,  Durham,  N.C.  27706. 
Please  include  mailing  label  and  allow  six  weeks. 


NOTICE:  Because  of  the  volume  of 
class  note  material  we  receive  and  the 
long  lead  time  required  for  typesetting, 
design,  and  printing,  your  submission 
may  not  appear  for  three  to  four  issues. 
Alumni  are  urged  to  include  spouses' 
names  in  marriage  and  birth  announce- 
ments. We  do  not  record  engagements. 


20s,  30s  &  40s 


Estelle  Warlick  Hillman  '20  received  an  hon- 
orary doctorate  of  humane  letters  from  North  Caro- 
lina Wesleyan  College  for  "distinguished  service  to 
United  Methodism,  unselfish  service  to  the  N.C. 
Conferences,  to  higher  education  across  the  world, 
and  to  the  Rocky  Mount  region." 

Emmet  D.  Atkins  Jr.  '37,  a  fighter  pilot  who  flew 
43  combat  missions  over  Burma  and  "The  Hump" 
during  World  War  II,  has  received  his  Chinese  Air 
Force  Wings,  nearly  50  years  after  he  earned  them. 
He  is  chairman  of  Southern  Trade  Publications  of 
Greensboro,  N.C. 

Ayles  B.  Shehee  Jr.  B.S.E.E.  '47  has  retired  from 
Reynolds  Metal  Co.  as  vice  president  and  general 
manager.  He  has  also  retired  as  president  of  Conduc- 
tor Products  Inc.  of  Marshall,  Texas. 

Richard  E.  Wuchte  B.S.E.E.  '47  retired  as  general 
agent  and  manager  of  American  General  Life  Insur- 
ance Co.'s  Melbourne,  Fla.,  office.  He  is  a  lifetime 
member  of  the  President's  Hall  of  Fame. 

David  H.  Polinger  '49  of  New  York  City,  senior 
vice  president  of  administration  for  WP1X,  has  been 
appointed  commander  of  the  Manhattan-Brooklyn 
group  of  the  Civil  Air  Patrol,  the  Air  Force  auxiliary. 

MARRIAGES:  Rubie  Dimmette  Withers  '34 

to  William  R.  Eddleman  on  Dec.  30.  Residence:  Dal- 
las, Texas. 


50s 


O.  Cansler  B.D.  '50  was  honored  by 
UNC-Chapel  Hill  with  the  C.  Knox  Massey  Distin- 
guished Service  Award  for  exceptional  service.  He 
was  associate  vice  chancellor  for  student  affairs. 

Paul  R.  Leitner  '50,  a  senior  partner  in  the  law 

firm  Leitner,  Warner,  Moffitt,  Williams,  Dooley, 
Carpenter  6k  Napolitan  in  Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  was 
featured  in  The  Chattanooga  Times  for  his  participa- 
tion in  the  New  York  Marathon  and  other  running 
endeavors. 


'52  was  presented  a  Third 
Age  Award  by  the  Fourteenth  International  Congress 
of  Gerontology  for  his  paper,  "Predictors  of  Outcome 
in  Nursing  Homes."  He  is  a  profe 
Duke's  department  of  medical  sociology. 


L.  Bradt  '54  has  been  elected  president 
and  director  of  North  American  Technologies  and 
Development,  located  in  the  San  Francisco  Bay  area. 
He  is  also  the  founding  partner  of  Clifford-James 
Consulting,  a  merger  and  acquisition  firm  located  in 
Orange  County,  Calif.  He  and  his  wife,  Bonnie,  and 
their  two  children  live  in  Lafayette,  Calif. 


John  H.  "Jack"  Gibbons  Ph.D.  '54  was  the 
1991  winner  of  the  Leo  Szilard  Award  for  Physics  in 
the  Public  Interest,  which  recognizes  "outstanding 
accomplishments  by  a  physicist  in  promoting  the  use 
of  physics  for  the  benefit  of  society."  He  is  the  director 
of  the  U.S.  Office  of  Technology  Assessment  in 
Washington,  DC. 

Charles  W.  "Chuck"  Howard  55,  Sara 
Harrison  '80,  and  Linda  Urben,  who  was  certified 

in  the  Fuqua  School's  advanced  management  program 
at  Duke  in  1986,  are  producing  50  segments  on  the 
subject  of  how  science  and  technology  affect  different 
sports.  The  series  is  running  on  ABC  Sports.  Howard, 
winner  of  1 1  Emmys,  is  the  executive  producer. 


Norwood  A.  Thomas  Jr.  '55  was  named  execu- 
tive vice  president  of  Central  Carolina  Bank  and  Trust 
Co.  in  Durham.  He  is  in  charge  of  CCB's  trust  and 
investment  management  division. 

James  L.  McAllister  Ph.D.  '57  was  honored  at 
Mary  Baldwin  College  in  Staunton,  Va.,  with  a  schol- 
arship created  in  his  name  for  students  who  are  prepar- 
ing for  the  ministry.  He  was  a  professor  of  religion  and 
philosophy  and  philosophy  department  head. 

E.  Bartal  "58,  M.A.T.  '59  has  retired  as  sales 


manager  after  26  years  with  GTE  Sylvania's  U.S. 
lighting  division  for  Southern  California,  Arizona, 
Hawaii,  and  Nevada.  He  joined  Illinois'  Central  States 
Corp.,  a  national  distributor  of  specialty  lighting  prod- 
ucts, as  vice  president  of  sales.  He  lives  in  Irvine, 
Calif.,  but  will  also  live  part-time  in  Chicago. 


O.  Miller  B.S.C.E.  '58,  senior  tax  special- 
ist, employee  plans  staff,  Eastman  Kodak  Co.,  has 
been  designated  a  Certified  Employee  Benefit  Spe- 
cialist (CEBS)  by  the  International  Foundation  of 
Employee  Benefit  Plans  and  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania's Wharton  School  of  Business.  He  lives  in 
Webster,  N.Y. 


David  L.  Mueller  Ph.D.  '58,  a  Southern  Baptist 
Theological  Seminary  professor  in  Louisville,  Ky.,  was 
named  Joseph  Emerson  Brown  Professor  of  Christian 
Theology. 

Robert  R.  Waller  '58  was  the  commencement 
speaker  at  Jacksonville  University.  He  is  the  president 
and  chief  executive  officer  of  the  Mayo  Foundation, 
Rochester,  Minn. 

A.S.  George  B.  "Pony"  Duke  '59  was  named 
to  the  board  of  trustees  of  Rocky  Mountain  College  in 
Billings,  Mont.  He  and  his  wife,  Mary  Ellen,  have 
moved  to  Absorokee,  Mont. 

Hugo  Ferchau  Ph.D.  '59,  of  Powderhom,  Colo., 
retired  from  teaching  at  Western  State  College  of 
Colorado  in  Gunnison.  He  will  continue  his  work 
with  the  new  Thornton  Gardens'  Ferchau  Green- 
house, named  in  recognition  of  his  years  of  service  to 
the  college. 


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It's  more  than  fust  a  weight-loss  program. 

It's  a  healthful  way  of  life! 


L.  Peacock  III  '59,  Kenan  Professor  and 
chairman  of  the  anthropology  department,  is  the  new 
chairman  of  the  UNC-Chapel  Hill  faculty.  He  joined 
the  faculty  in  1967. 

MARRIAGES:  Anne  K.  Salley  '56  to  Adonis  Lyle 
Gray  on  Dec.  31,  Residence:  Arlington,  Va. 


60s 


C.  Bross  A.M.  '60,  an  associate  profes- 
sor of  English  at  Lehigh  University  in  Bethlehem,  Pa., 
was  awarded  a  grant  from  the  National  Endowment 
for  the  Humanities.  He  will  use  the  funding  to  trans- 
late the  memoirs  of  Tadeusz  Bobrowski,  the  uncle  of 
the  19th-century  Anglo-Polish  novelist  Joseph  Conrad. 
He  has  published  several  articles  on  Conrad  and  in 
other  areas  of  English  literature. 

James  D.  Shelton  '61  has  been  elected  chair- 
man of  the  board  of  directors  of  First  Federal  Savings 
of  East  Hartford,  Conn.  He  has  been  president  and 
chief  executive  officer  since  1988.  He  lives  in  West 
Hartford. 

Linda  Panik  BeMiller  '62  has  been  appointed 
an  alumni  representative  to  the  Pacific  Lutheran 
University's  board  of  regents  in  Tacoma,  Wash. 

Richard  C.  Ekker  '63  has  returned  to  teaching 
English  and  film  at  Modesto  Junior  College  after  a 
year's  sabbatical  to  interview  filmmakers  and  visit  film 
studios  in  Los  Angeles,  Vancouver,  London,  Budapest, 
Munich,  Cannes  (where  he  attended  the  Interna- 
tional Film  Festival),  Rome,  and  Lisbon. 

Charlotte  Shuford  Isbill  '63  practices  law  in 

Lowell,  N.C.  As  chair  of  the  Lowell  Beautification 
Committee,  she  presented  a  slide  show  of  Gaston 
County's  Lowell  at  the  annual  meeting  of  Keep  North 
Carolina  Clean  6k  Beautiful,  N.C.  Inc.  at  Lake 
Junaluska.  Her  committee's  entry  won  first  place  in 
its  category. 

Diana  Montgomery  Hyland  '64  has  joined  the 

firm  Toms,  Learning,  and  Coie,  a  real  estate  company 
in  Durham. 

James  N.  May  '64  is  a  commercial  counselor  at 
the  American  Embassy  in  Moscow. 

Joan  Holmquist  Smith  '64,  A.M.  '65  was  reap- 
pointed to  the  Oregon  Public  Utility  Commission. 
She  lives  in  Portland. 

Arturo  J.  Aballi  Jr.  '65  was  elected  a  partner  in 
the  international  law  firm  Squire,  Sanders  &.  Dempsey 
in  Miami,  Fla. 


'65  was  appointed  chief  operating 
officer  of  Robert  Mondavi  Winery  in  San  Francisco, 
Calif. 

Ronald  M.  Barbee  '65  was  profiled  in  Business 
Digest  of  Greater  Raleigh.  He  is  a  partner  of  KPMG 
Peat  Marwick.  He  and  his  wife,  Jan,  live  in  Raleigh. 

Lynn  Etheridge  Davis  '65  was  named  a  vice 
president  of  RAND  of  Arlington,  Va.,  and  director  of 
its  Arroyo  Center,  one  of  the  independent,  nonprofit 
research  institution's  principal  divisions.  A  prominent 
national  security  expert,  she  was  a  research  fellow  at 
The  Johns  Hopkins  Foreign  Policy  Institute  of  the 
Paul  H.  Nitze  School  of  Advanced  International 
Studies. 

Doloris  Fincher  Learmonth  '65  was  inducted 
as  president  of  the  Cincinnati  Bar  Association.  She  is 
a  partner  in  the  Cincinnati  law  firm  of  Peck,  Shaffer 
&  Williams. 


John  A.  Ryan  Jr.  '65  receivi 
Tate  Mason  Award,  established  t 


i  the  first  James 
i  recognize  the 


CRAFTER  OF  CREATIVE  VERSE 


Although  she 
was  named  a 
life  member  of 
the  North  Carolina 
Poetry  Society  and  her 
work  appeared  in  vari- 
ous poetry  journals, 
Carolyne  Shooter 
Kyles  '26  had  never 
published  a  book  of 
verse.  But  this  year,  as 
she  celebrated  her 
ninetieth  birthday, 
Kyles  saw  her  creative 
muse  captured  in  a 
volume  all  her  own. 

Lines  to  Someone  is 
a  slim  but  moving  testi- 
mony to  Kyles'  life  and 
work.  Her  poems  range 
from  haiku  to  sonnet, 
and  although  some 
celebrate  the  natural 
world  with  a  sense  of 
wonder,  many  are  suf- 
fused with  a  touching 
poignancy.  Kyles'  voice 
records  the  rhythms  of 
life;  although  wise  and 
philosophical,  her 
poems  are  accessible 
because  they  capture 
precisely  such  univer- 
sal emotions  as  hope 
and  disillusionment 

In  "Point  of  No 
Return,"  Kyles  writes: 


Kyles:  poetry  for  the  nineties 


;  with 


I  wish  I  had  not  heard  That  crush  ■ 

the  words  you  said;  remembering; 

The  sun  and  all  the  They  bum  the  bridge 

stars  went  out  that  that  undergirds 

day.  Remembrance  of 

How  strange  that  roses  another  spring. 

still  are  blooming  red, 

And  daisies  try  to  light  I  wish  I  had  not  heard. 

the  path  in  May.  .   .   . 

The  years  to  come  may 

I  wish  I  had  not  heard  pass 
the  words 


And  leave  the 
blurred 
Like  shadows 


I  wish  I  had 

The  dream  that  now 

has  fled. 

There's  nothing  to 

subtract  or  add.... 

I  wish  I  had  not  heard 

the  words  you  said. 

Although  she  has 
written  on  and  off 
nearly  her  whole  life 
("Occasionally  I  had 
something  to  say,"  she 
explains),  Kyles  credits 
her  late  husband's 
( Alpheus  Alexander 
Kyles  '29)  work  as  a 
Methodist  minister 
with  putting  her  in 
touch  with  people  from 
diverse  backgrounds. 
She  began  writing  in 
earnest  in  her  forties. 

"Being  around  differ- 
ent groups  of  people 
gave  me  a  new  outlook 
and  a  better  under- 
standing about  varying 
experiences,"  says 
Kyles.  "And  one  gets  a 
little  more  philosophi- 
cal as  one  gets  older; 
that's  true  for  anyone." 


physician  on  the  Virginia  Mason  Clinic  professional 
staff  "who  best  exemplifies  the  clinic  founders'  com- 
mitment to  professional  competence,  patient  service, 
medical  leadership,  innovation,  teamwork,  and  per- 
sonal values."  He  is  the  head  of  the  general  surgery 
section  and  directs  its  residency  program  at  Virginia 
Mason  Medical  Center,  Seattle,  Wash. 

Marlin  M.  Volz  Jr.  '65,  J.D.  '68  has  been  appointed 
to  the  Iowa  State  Transportation  Commission.  He  is 
vice  president  of  Davenport  Bank  and  Trust  Co. 

Jack  L.  Gosnell  '66  was  named  consul  general  at 
the  American  Embassy  in  Leningrad.  He  was  the  Mos- 
cow embassy's  counselor  for  science  and  technology. 

Everette  Michael  Latta  '66  retired  from  state 
government,  where  he  was  the  executive  director  of 
North  Carolina's  Advisory  Council  on  Vocational 
Education.  He  is  president  of  his  own  business, 
Nations  Consultants,  Inc.  He  and  his  wife,  Barbara, 
live  in  Raleigh. 

Leonore  Kerz  Patterson  '66  was  recently 
elected  to  the  Coty  Commission  of  the  city  of  Sara- 
sota. She  was  chair  of  Planned  Parenthood  of  South- 
west Florida.  She  and  her  husband,  John  Patter- 
son '66,  live  in  Sarasota,  Fla. 

William  B.  Trexler  '66  has  earned  his  D.Min. 
from  Lutheran  Theological  Southern  Seminary.  He  is 
senior  pastor  of  Saint  Mark's  Church  and  a  member  of 
the  Fla.  Synod  Council.  He  and  his  wife  and  their 
three  children  live  in  Jacksonville,  Fla. 


Peter  C.  Fackler  '67,  vice  presic 

and  finance  for  Alfred  University  in  Alfred,  N.Y., 


received  the  1991  Outstanding  Financial  Executive 
Award  from  the  Financial  Management  Association. 

Patricia  A.  Hurdle  '68  has  been  appointed  direc- 
tor of  museum  services  for  the  Atlanta  History  Center. 

David  M.  Lavine  '68  is  the  founder  and  co-chair 
of  the  first  facial  malformation  treatment  clinic  in  Ft. 
Worth,  Texas.  The  clinic  is  dedicated  to  children  with 
craniofacial  defects.  He  also  co-founded  the  Texas 
Breast  Foundation.  He  has  a  practice  in  Ft.  Worth. 

Randolph  J.  May  '68,  J.D.  '71  has  joined  the 
Washington,  D.C.,  law  firm  Sutherland,  Asbill  & 
Brennan  as  partner.  He  specializes  in  communications 
law  and  is  chair  of  the  Federal  Communications  Bar 
Association's  Common  Carrier  Practice  Committee. 
He  lives  in  Potomac,  Md. 

Roger  J.  Porter  M.D.  '68  has  been  named  chair 
of  the  White  House's  Office  of  Science  and  Technology 
Policy's  subcommittee  on  brain  and  behavioral  sci- 
ences. He  is  deputy  director  of  the  National  Institute 
of  Neurological  Disorders  and  Stroke  at  the  National 
Institutes  of  Health.  In  1989  he  received  one  of 
Duke's  Distinguished  Medical  Alumnus  awards. 


was  named  senior 
vice  president  of  finance  and  administration  for 
the  National  Association  of  Manufacturers  in  Wash- 
ington, DC 

John  D.  Englar  '69,  J.D.  '72,  vice  president,  gen- 
eral counsel,  and  secretary  of  Burlington  Industries, 
Inc.  in  Greensboro,  N.C,  has  been  elected  to  the 
board  of  directors  of  the  parent  company,  Burlington 
Industries  Equity,  Inc. 


O.  Pinion  Ph.D.  '69  was  promoted  to 
research  and  technical  services  manager  of  the  Amer- 
ican Tobacco  Co.  He  and  his  wife,  Betty,  and  their 
two  children  live  in  Dinwiddie  County,  Va. 

William  L.  Yaeger  '69  has  opened  his  own  bank- 
ruptcy law  firm,  Randall,  Yaeger,  in  Durham.  He  is  an 
adjunct  associate  professor  at  the  Fuqua  School  of 
Business. 

BIRTHS:  A  son  to  John  D.  Englar  '69,  J.D.  72 
and  Linda  Meter  Englar  on  Jan.  23.  Named  Kevin. 


70s 


Chris  Lee  '70  was  mobilized  in  support  of  Operation 
Desert  Shield.  He  is  a  doctor  in  the  Army  Reserve. 

Mary  J.  Margeson  M.A.T.  '70,  a  Realtor,  was 
appointed  to  the  Sister  Cities  Commission  in  Alaska. 
She  owns  the  Anchorage  downtown  bed  and  break- 
fast "Rasberry  Meadows." 

Jeannine  Black  well  '71,  A.M.  '75  is  an  associ- 
ate professor  in  the  German  department  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Kentucky. 

Kendall  C.  Palmer  '71  was  promoted  to  chief 
operations  specialist  in  the  U.S.  Naval  Reserve  and 
was  admitted  to  the  state  bar  of  Texas. 

Stuart  J.  Yarbrough  '72  is  overseer  of  the  relo- 
cation of  BDO  Seidman's  national  tax  operation  from 
New  York  to  Washington  and  engineer  of  a  merger 
with  the  Washington  firm  Mullen  &  Nesbitt. 


H.  Battjer  B.S.E.  '73  has  been  named 
senior  vice  president,  product  development,  at  Sun- 
guard  Recovery  Services,  Inc.  He  and  his  family  live 
in  Medford,  N.J. 

Charles  R.  Beaudrot  Jr.  '73  celebrated  his 
40th  birthday  with  the  premiere  performance  of  his 
Te  Deum  for  mixed  chorus,  organ,  brass  quintet,  and 
timpani  as  offertory  anrhem  at  the  Cathedral  of  St. 
Philip  in  Atlanta. 

Robert  Bruce  Bower  B.S.E.E.  '73  has  been 
promoted  to  director,  financial  analysis,  at  Yellow 
Freight  System,  Inc.  He  lives  in  Overland  Park, 
Kansas. 

Douglas  Keith  Eyberg  '73  is  a  partner  in  the 
law  firm  Hutcheson  6*  Grundy  at  its  Houston  office. 
He  will  be  in  the  business  and  financial  institutions 
section,  where  his  practice  will  continue  to  emphasize 
corporate  and  securities  matters. 

Janice  Moore  Fuller  '73  received  both  the 

Teacher  of  the  Year  Award  and  the  Swink  Prize  for 
Outstanding  Classroom  Teaching  at  Catawba  Col- 
lege, where  she  is  associate  professor  of  English,  in 
Salisbury,  N.C. 

Jean  Kanik  Palmer  '73  was  called  to  active  duty 
in  the  Persian  Gulf  aboard  L/SNS  Mercy  while  pursu- 
ing a  Ph.D.  at  the  University  of  Texas- Austin.  She  is 
a  nurse  in  the  Naval  Reserve. 


R.  Eskew  '74  was  made  partner  in  the  firm 
Emergency  Medicine  Associates  of  Bethesda,  Md. 

Robert  K.  Johnston  Ph.D.  '74  is  an  author  of 

The  Variety  of  American  Evangelicalism,  published  by 
the  University  of  Tennessee  Press.  He  is  the  dean  of 
the  seminary  and  professor  of  theology  and  culture  at 
North  Park  College  and  Seminary. 

Gail  Lounsbery  Cary  '75  is  an  accountant  at 
the  Museum  of  the  Rockies  at  Montana  State  Univer- 
sity. She  and  her  husband,  Dave,  and  their  daughter 
live  in  Bozeman. 


L.  Rader  '75  was  named  a  partner  in  the 
law  firm  Manko,  Gold  6*  Katcher,  a  Bala  Cynwyd- 


based  law  firm  concentrating  in  the  practice  of  envi- 
ronmental and  land-use  law.  He  lectures  in  law  at 
Temple  University's  law  school  and  is  a  member  of 
the  natural  resources  section  of  the  American  Bar 
Association  and  the  Environmental  Law  Commit- 
tee of  the  Philadelphia  Bar  Association.  He  lives  in 
Wynnewood,  Pa. 

G.  Richard  Wagoner  Jr.  75,  who  was  with 
General  Motors  in  Zurich,  Switzerland,  has  moved 
with  his  wife,  Kathleen  Kaylor  Wagoner  77, 

and  their  three  sons  to  Sao  Paulo,  Brazil,  where  he  is 
president  of  General  Motors  of  Brazil. 

John  S.  Young  Jr.  B.S.E.  75  was  named  vice 
president  for  engineering  at  American  Water  Works 
Service  Co.,  Inc.  in  Voorhees,  N.Y.  He  and  his  wife, 
Karen,  and  their  two  children  live  in  Cherry  Hill,  N.J. 

Ralph  P.  Baker  76,  M.D.  'SO  has  joined  an  anes- 
thesiology practice  at  the  Lexington  Medical  Center. 
He  and  his  wife,  Susan  Moran  Baker  79,  and 

their  three  children  live  in  Lexington,  S.C. 

Lori  Ann  Haubenstock  Brass  76  is  director 
of  external  relations  at  Gaylord  Hospital  in  Walling- 
ford,  Conn.  She  and  her  husband,  Larry,  and  their  son 
live  in  New  Haven. 

Sally  Kellam  76  is  assistant  director  of  develop- 
ment at  Va.  Wesleyan  College  in  Norfolk,  Va. 

Curtis  W.  Miller  76  is  the  senior  managing  part- 
ner in  the  law  firm  Miller,  Rucker  and  Associates  in 
Athens,  Ga. 

Bemadette  M.  Peiffer  76,  M.A.T.  78  has  been 
named  coordinator  of  the  Citicorp  student  intern 
project  at  SciTtek,  the  Science  and  Technology 
Museum  of  Atlanta.  She  is  pursuing  her  Ph.D.  in 
science  education  at  Ga.  State  University. 

Capie  A.  Polk  76,  a  foreign  service  officer  with 
the  U.S.  Information  Agency,  is  the  cultural  attache 
at  the  U.S.  Embassy  in  Kingston,  Jamaica.  She  and 
her  husband,  Jess  Bailey,  live  in  Kingston  and  are 
scheduled  to  return  to  Washington,  D.C.,  to  study  the 
Thai  language. 

Leslie  E.  Waters  76  served  as  a  volunteer  doctor 
in  Sri  Lanka  in  1985.  A  family  practitioner,  she  is  a 
partner  in  a  medical  practice.  She  and  her  husband, 
John,  and  their  son  live  in  Colville,  Wash. 


Jeffrey  S.  Akman  77  has  been  named  i 
dean  for  educational  policies  at  George  Washington 
University's  medical  school  in  Washington,  D.C.  He 
will  continue  as  director  of  medical  education  in  the 
psychiatry  department. 


Hamrick  77  was  awarded  a  scholarship 
for  the  1991-1992  academic  year  from  the  Achieve- 
ment Awards  for  College  Scientists  Foundation,  Inc. 
He  is  a  graduate  student  in  physics  at  Rice  University 
in  Houston,  Texas,  studying  condensed  matter  theory. 

Lynnsay  A.  Buehler  78  was  ordained  a  priest  in 
the  Episcopal  Church  in  May  1990.  She  is  the  associ- 
ate rector  of  The  Church  of  the  Atonement  in  Atlanta, 
Ga.  She  and  her  husband,  Robert,  live  in  Decatur. 

Patricia  M.  Haverland  78  is  working  for  the 
Black  6k  Decker  Corp.  as  manager  of  acquisition  plan- 
ning and  analysis.  She  and  her  hushand,  Mark  McBride, 
and  their  daughter  live  in  Baltimore. 

Richard  A.  Henrickson  78,  MS   79  is  an 

environmental  engineer.  He  and  his  wife,  Margaret, 
live  in  Laguna  Beach,  Calif. 

James  H.  Edwards  III  79  is  a  senior  acquisi- 
tions editor  with  Boyd  &  Fraser  Publishing  Co., 
which  prints  college  textbooks  on  computer  and 
information  education.  He  and  his  wile,  Treacy,  and 
their  three  children  live  in  Wyndmoor,  Pa. 

Scott  D.  GoetSCh  79,  J.D.  '82  has  been  made  a 
partner  with  the  law  firm  Semmes,  Bowen  &  Semmes. 


He  is  a  specialist  in  environmental  law,  products  lia- 
bility, and  insurance  litigation. 

Edward  M.  Gomez  79  is  senior  articles  editor  at 
Metropolitan  Home,  the  Meredith  Corp.'s  U.S.  and 
British  design  magazine  based  in  New  York.  A  former 
correspondent  at  Time's  Paris  bureau,  he  contributes 
regularly  to  Artnews,  Metropolis,  The  San  Francisco 
Examiner,  and  The  Japan  Times. 

Sandy  Lourie  79  was  elected  partner  in  the  firm 
Jenner  &  Block  in  Chicago. 

Hilary  Neufeld  Shuford  79  was  elected  partner 
in  the  law  firm  Erwin,  Epting,  Gibson  ck  McLeod  in 
Athens,  Ga.  She  and  her  husband,  Harry,  live  in 
Athens. 


MARRIAGES:  Capie  A.  Polk  76  to  Jess  L.  Baily 
on  Nov.  24,  1990.  Residence:  Kingston,  Jamaica, 
West  Indies.  .   .  Leslie  E.  Waters  76  to  John 
Lake  in  1988.  Residence:  Colville,  Wash.   .  .   . 
Claire  Richard  77  to  Sam  L.  Palmer  on  Sept.  1 5, 
1990.  Residence:  Washington,  D.C.   .  .   .Janet 
Walberg  77  to  Robert  W.  Rankin  on  Nov.  10, 

1990.  Residence:  Blacksburg,  Va.  .  .  .  Richard  A. 
Henrickson  B.S.E.  78,  M.S.  79  to  Margaret 
Lawrence  on  June  16,  1990.  Residence:  Laguna  Beach, 
Calif. . . .  Sandy  Lourie  79  to  Mary  Beth  Sterk 
on  Sept.  2,  1990. 

BIRTHS:  A  daughter  to  Mark  I.  Pinsky  70  and 
Sarah  M.  Brown  71  on  Nov.  29, 1990.  Named 
Charlotte  Brown.   .    .  First  child  and  daughter, 
adopted  on  Nov.  3,  1990,  by  Linda  Stokes  70 
and  Jack  Yarbrough.  Named  Anna  Margaret.  .    .  First 
child  and  daughter  to  Jeannine  Black  well 
Jones  71,  A.M.  75  and  Michael  Jones  on  Feb.  5, 

1991.  Named  Bettina  Blackwell.  .    .  Fourth  son  to 
Kendall  C.  Palmer  71  and  Jean  Kanik 
Palmer  74,  B.S.N.  73  on  July  28,  1989.  Named 


i^tf& 


Arctic  Inuit  Art 

Eskimo 

•Sculpture 

•  Drawings 

•  Prints 

•Wall  Hangings 

By  Appointment:  Judith  V.  Burch 
Richmond,  Va.     (804)  285-0284 


ELECTRIC  POTENTIAL 


Gasoline-pow- 
ered automo- 
biles may  still 
roam  the  highways  in 
years  to  come,  but  with 
concern  about  the  envi- 
ronment— and  unpre- 
dictable politics  in  oil- 
rich  countries — the 
race  is  on  for  alternative 
modes  of  transportation. 

At  General  Motors, 
Gary  Witzenburg  '65 
has  his  eye  on  the 
future  as  he  oversees 
testing  and  develop- 
ment for  a  GM  electric 
car.  Although  the  idea 
for  electric  cars  is  not 
new  (when  automo- 
biles were  first  intro- 
duced, both  gas  and 
electric  models  were 
available),  in  recent 


years  there  has  been  a 
renewed  sense  of 
urgency  for  their 
development. 

But  as  Witzenburg 
explains,  it's  not  just  a 
matter  of  installing  a 
high-powered  battery 
into  the  traditional  car 
design.  Engineers  have 
to  pay  even  more 
attention  to  the  aero- 
dynamics and  weight 
of  the  vehicle  to  opti- 
mize power  potential 
and  meet  customer 
expectations. 

"One  challenge  now 
is  the  battery  capac- 
ity," says  Witzenburg. 
"There  is  no  magic 
battery  that  will  store 
energy  and  last  a  long 
period  of  time.  You 


hear  of  batteries 
that  store  a  lot  of 
energy  but  are 
unable  to  release 
that  energy 
quickly  to  get  a 
car  up  to  speed, 
or  ones  that  have 
long  charge  times 
or  short  service 
lives,  or  need  to 
be  kept  at  very 
high  tempera- 
tures. Everything 
you  do  with  a 

vehicle  is  a  trade-     Witzenburg 
off.  We're  trying 
to  make  a  car  that  has 
all  the  properties  peo- 
ple want  without  sacri 
ficing  too  much. 


Staring  the  future:  GM's 


sions  vehicles,  many 
industry  analysts  see 
the  electric  car  as  one 
way  to  go.  And  while 
GM's  prototype  elec-  GM  began  looking  into 
trie  vehicle  can  travel  the  possibility  more 
up  to  120  miles  before  than  two  decades  ago, 
being  fully  discharged,  Witzenburg  says  con- 
which  surpasses  the  sumers  finally  may  be 

daily  driving  require-        ready  for  electric -pow- 
ments  of  most  ered  cars, 

customers.  The  electric        "The  world  has 
car  would  probably  become  more  environ- 


supplement  the  cars 
already  on  the  road. 

"It  won't  be  the  type 
of  car  you  load  up  the 
family  and  go  on  vaca- 
tion in,"  says  Witzen- 
burg. "It's  the  type  of 
car  you'd  go  to  work 
in,  drive  around  the 
neighborhood  for 
errands — that  kind  of 
thing.  It's  intended  to 
be  fun  and  environ- 


mentally conscious. 
Many  people  will  want 
to  own  an  electric  car 
because  it's  a  good 
thing  to  do,"  he  says. 
"And  federal  and  state 
governments  are  talk- 
ing about  providing 
incentives — tax  breaks, 
or  cheaper  registration 
—  that  would  make 
electric  cars  more 
attractive  to  buyers. 


mentally  responsible."      Our  challenge  is  to  lead 
With  recent  and  the  market  by  making 


State  of  the  past:  battery  packed  for  illumination 


pending  legislation 
around  the  country 
pressuring  car  manu- 
facturers to  produce 
lower — or : 


the  most  we  can  of 
currently  available 
technology." 


Thomas  Holmes  Casseres.  .    .  Second  child  and 
daughter  to  Sally  Myers  Moore  72  and  Robert 
W.  Moore  on  Sept.  10,  1990.  Named  Mary  Stuart.  .    . 
Second  child  and  first  son  to  Karen  Littlef  ield 
'73  and  Bruce  McCrea  on  July  11,  1990.  Named 
Kevin  Stuart.  .    .  Twin  sons  to  James  R.  Eskew 
74  and  Terri  Eskew.  Named  Carter  Grant  and  Mor- 
gan Christian.  .    .  Second  child  and  first  son  to 
Charles  Wayne  Maida  75  and  Janice  Hand 
Maida  on  Feb.  4.  Named  Austin  Allen.  .    .  Third 
child  and  son  to  Edward  S.  Stanton  75,  M.D. 
79  and  Linda  Westfall  Stanton  77  on  Aug. 
14,  1990.  Named  Scott  Edwatd.  .    .  Third  son  to  G. 
Richard  Wagoner  Jr.  75  and  Kathleen 
Kaylor  Wagoner  77  on  June  7, 1990.  Named 
William  Matthew.  .    .  Third  child  and  second  son  to 
Ralph  P.  Baker  76,  M.D.  80  and  Susan  Moran 
Baker  79  on  Feb.  16.  Named  Russell  Barre.  .    . 
First  child  and  son  to  Lori  Ann  Haubenstock 
Brass  76  and  Larry  Brass  on  May  17,  1990.  Named 
Zachary  Hunter.  .    .  Second  child  and  first  daughter 
to  Craig  de  Castrique  76  and  Mary  de  Castrique. 
Named  Emily  Erin.  .    .  Second  child  and  daughter  to 
Mary  Margaret  Samson  Elmayan  76  and 
Russell  Charles  Elmayan  MBA.  79  on  Jan. 


13.  Named  Ann  Marie.  .    .  First  child  and  son  to 
Leslie  E.  Waters  76  and  John  Lake  in  Octobet 
1990.  Named  Ian  Alistair.  .    .  A  son  to  Steven  D. 
Stern  77  and  Nancy  Beth  Stem  on  Dec.  11,  1990. 
Named  Joshua  Daniel.  .    .  First  child  and  son  to 
Elizabeth  Hagan  Drews  78  and  Jack  Dtews  on 
Jan.  8.  Named  Matthew  Michael.  .    .  First  child  and 
daughter  to  Patricia  M.  Haverland  78  and 
Mark  McBride  on  June  22,  1990.  Named  Colleen 
Haverland.  .    .  First  child  and  son  to  David  W. 
Jones  M.B.A.  78  and  Mimi  Kessler  B.S.N.  78 
on  Oct.  20,  1990.  Named  Addison  David.  .    .  Second 
child  and  first  son  to  Lisa  Dale  Edelmann 

78  and  Robert  Williams 

79  on  Sept.  9,  1990.  Named  Robert 
Scott  Hugh.  .   .  A  daughtet  to  Summer  Herman 
Pramer  78  and  Andrew  Pramer  on  Jan.  12.  Named 
Emily  Rae.  .    .  Third  child  and  thitd  son  to  Susan 
Maxwell  Starr  78  and  Frank  C.  Starr  on  Feb.  14. 
Named  Taylor  Christopher.  .    .  Second  child  and 
daughter  to  Donald  G.  Stephenson  78  and 
Melanie  R.  Stephenson  on  Jan.  16.  Named  Shelby 
Laine.  .    .  Third  child  and  second  son  to  James 
H.  Edwards  III  79  and  R.  Treacy  Edwards  on  Dec. 
8,  1990.  Named  Theodore  Douglass.  .    .  Third  child 


and  second  son  to  Laurie  Lou  Elliot  79  and 
Mark  L.  Elliot  on  Feb.  22.  Named  Samuel  Brock.  .  . 
Second  daughter  to  Peter  Knap  Gustaf  son  79 
and  Lynn  Grotenhuis  Gustafson  '82  on  March 
5,  1990.  Named  Sarah  Holle.  .  .  Second  child  and 
daughter  to  Russell  Charles  Elmayan  MBA. 
79  and  Mary  Margaret  Samson  Elmayan 

76  on  Jan.  13.  Named  Ann  Marie.  .  .  A  daughter  to 
Neil  P.  Robertson  J.D.  79  and  Alyce  Roberston 
on  Aug.  31,  1990.  Named  Anne  Marie.  .  .  Second 
child  and  daughter  to  Charles  A.  Tharnstrom 
BSE.  79  and  Denise  McCain  Tharnstrom 
'80  on  Oct.  20,  1990.  Named  Devyn  Elizabeth.  .  . 
Fourth  child  and  third  daughter  to  Kathy  Harn- 
rick  Wilson  79  and  Larry  J.  Wilson  on  Nov.  21, 
1990.  Named  Lillian  Rebecca.  .  .  Second  daughter 
to  Laura  Roberts  Wright  79  and  David  Carl- 
ton Wright  on  March  18.  Named  Laura  Sinclair. 


80s 


Robert  Bender  Jr.  '80  is  head  basketball  coach 
at  Illinois  State  University.  He  and  his  wife,  Jane 
Alice  Hunter  '85,  M.B.A.  '89,  live  in  Blooming- 
ton,  111. 

Frederick  L.  Conrad  Jr.  '80  was  named  part- 
ner in  the  law  firm  Ambrose,  Wilson,  Grimm  & 
Durand  in  Knoxville,  Tenn. 


22 


Curtis  W.  Diehl  B.S.M.E.  '80 
March  1991  in  support  of  Desert  Shield  as  captain  in 
the  Marine  Corps,  flying  CH-53  helicopters.  He  is  a 
project  engineer  for  Rohm  and  Haas  Co.  He  and  his 
wife,  Kathy,  and  their  three  children  live  in  Mt.  Lau- 
rel, N.J. 

Joe  Martin  Hamilton  '80  is  a  vice  president  in 
the  product  development  and  management  group  of 
Equitable  Capital  Management  Corp.  He  and  his 
wife,  Karen,  live  in  New  York  City. 

Sara  Harrison  '80,  Charles  W.  Howard  '55, 

and  Linda  Urbern,  who  was  certified  in  1986  by 
the  Fuqua  Business  School's  advanced  management 
program,  are  working  together  to  produce  50  segments 
on  the  subject  of  how  science  and  technology  affect 
different  sports.  The  series  is  running  on  ABC  Sports 
and  is  sponsored  exclusively  by  AT&T.  Harrison  is 
the  line  producer. 

Kathryn  Reiss  '80  is  the  author  of  Time  Windows, 
published  this  fall  by  Hatcourt  Brace  Jovanovich.  She 
teaches  English  at  Mills  College  in  Oakland,  Calif, 
and  continues  to  wtite  novels.  She  and  her  husband, 
Tom,  have  two  sons. 

Ernie  Sadashige  '80  received  his  three-year 
service  award  from  the  H&R  Block  Co.,  where  he 
works  as  a  seasonal  income  tax  pteparer  in  the  firm's 
Ft.  Myers,  Fla.,  district.  Last  year  he  won  the  Blue 
Pencil  Award  for  hand  printing  the  neatest  tax 
returns. 

Eric  Steinhouse  '80  was  promoted  to  group 
brand  manager,  plastic  wraps,  at  DowBrands  in 
Indianapolis. 

Jeff  A.  Winkler  '80  graduated  with  honors  from 
the  University  of  South  Carolina's  law  school  and  is 
practicing  with  the  law  firm  Buist,  Moore,  Smythe  & 
McGee  in  Charleston,  S.C.  He  is  restoring  an  old 
house  in  downtown  Charleston  with  his  wife,  Katen. 

Alexandra  Bryan  Klein  '81  is  a  free-lance 
writer  on  financial  topics.  She  and  her  husband,  Jeff, 
and  their  two  children  live  in  Shaker  Heights,  Ohio. 

Kevin  L.  Miller  '81  was  named  a  partner  in  the  law 

firm  Pettee,  Stockton  &  Robinson  in  the  Winston- 
Salem  office.  He  is  editot  of  The  Litigator,  a  publica- 
tion of  the  N.C.  Bar  Association.  He  and  his  wife, 


"Knowledge 


** 


is  power. 


Brandeis  Review 

Brandeis  University 

Carnegie  Mellon  Magazine 

Carnegie  Mellon  University 

CWRU:  The  Magazine  of 
Case  Western  Reserve 

Case  Western  Reserve 
University 

Duke  Magazine 

Duke  University 

Johns  Hopkins  Magazine 

Johns  Hopkins  University 

Pitt  Magazine 

University  of  Pittsburgh 

Rutgers  Magazine 

Rutgers  University 


an  University 
Magazine 

Washington  University 
in  St.  Louis 


New  York  University 
Magazine 

New  York  University 


Imagine  an  advertising  market  of  809,550  sophis- 
ticated magazine  subscribers  (1.5  million  readers). 
A  market  where  everyone  has  a  college  education. 
Where  60%  have  advanced  degrees.  Where  82% 
work  in  professional,  managerial  jobs. 

That  market  exists.  It's  called  THE  UNIVERSITY 
MAGAZINE  NETWORK.  And  it  includes  this  mag- 
azine and  its  readers. 
800,000  Sophisticated  Consumers 
The  University  Magazine  Network  is  a 

consortium  of  alumni  magazines  published  by 
some  of  the  most  respected  research  universities  in 
America.  Our  graduates  are  leaders  in  the  arts  and 
humanities,  in  science,  engineering,  medicine,  law, 
business,  finance,  computer  science  and  more. 
They  are  also  a  leading  consumer  market  (median 
age,  42.8;  average  household  income,  $81,000). 
A  Great  Media  Buy 

The  University  Magazine  Network  is  now 
available  to  a  limited  number  of  national  adver- 
tisers. It  can  present  those  advertisers  to  an  impor- 
tant consumer  audience.  Within  a  series  of  quality 
editorial  environments.  At  an  affordable  cost. 
Without  the  usual  clutter. 

To  request  a  rate  card  and  a  summary  of  our  1989 
Mark  Clements  Subscriber  Study,  please  call  today. 

UNIVERSITY 
MAGAZINE 
NETWORK 

Advertising  Sales— All  Regions:  Fox  Associates, 
Inc.,  347  Fifth  Avenue,  Suite  #1307,  New  York,  NY 
10016.  (212)  725-2 106. 'Chicago:  (312)  644-3888. 
•Detroit:  (313)  543-0068. 'Atlanta:  (404)  252-0968. 
•Los  Angeles:  (213)  487-5630. 


Lisa  Funderburk  Miller  '83,  have  two  children. 

Ilissa  Kimball  Povich  '81  is  an  associate  at  the 
Boston  law  firm  Choate,  Hall  and  Stewart.  She  and 
her  husband,  Lon,  and  their  daughter  live  in  Welles- 
ley,  Mass. 

Windy  Sawczyn  '81  has  become  an  activist  for 
excellence  in  education  upon  learning,  she  writes, 
that  our  nation's  schools  fail  to  rank  in  the  top  ten, 

tionally.  She  is  vice  president  of  Better  Educa- 
i  Starts  Today,  Inc.  She  lives  in  Cumberland,  Md. 


el  Assaraf  '82  earned  his  M.B.A.  in 
finance  from  Ga.  State  University.  He  is  senior  prod- 
uct manager  of  the  service  and  industrial  sector  at 
Kimberly-Clark  Corp.  He  lives  in  Atlanta. 

John  R.  Carter  '82,  an  A-10  pilot,  completed  the 
Air  Force  A-10  Fighter  Weapons  Instructor  Course, 
where  he  won  the  top  academic  award  and  the  out- 
standing graduate  trophy.  He  is  stationed  at  RAF 
Alconbury  near  Cambridge,  England,  where  he  lives 

with  his  wife,  Melissa  Kline  Carter  '80,  and 

their  son.  Since  December,  he  has  served  in  Saudi 
Arabia  as  the  chief  of  weapons  and  tactics  for  his 
A-10  squadron.  He  flew  37  combat  sorties  over  Iraq 
and  Kuwait  during  the  Gulf  War. 


B.  Hawkins  J.D.  '82  was  named  presi- 
dent and  chief  executive  officer  of  Dataserv  Financial 
Services,  Inc.,  a  Bell  South  company  with  headquar- 
ters in  Eden  Prairie,  Minn.  He  and  his  wife,  Betsy, 
have  two  children  and  live  in  Eden  Prairie. 


W.  Pickrell  J.D.  '82  is  a  partner  in  the 
Phoenix  law  firm  Sacks,  Tiemey,  Kasen  &  Kerrick,  P.A. 

Theodore  J.  "Tod"  Sawicki  '82  is  a  commer- 
cial litigation  associate  with  the  law  firm  Rogers  &. 
Hardin.  He  and  his  wife,  Sherry,  and  their  child  live 
in  Atlanta. 

Joe  Carey  Ellington  Jr.  M.S.  '83,  Ph.D.  '87,  a 
senior  medical  student  at  Wake  Forest  University's 
Bowman  Gray  School  of  Medicine,  has  been  awarded 
a  house  officer  appointment  for  1991-92.  He  will  train 
in  obstetrics  and  gynecology  at  the  CHHC/St.  Joseph 
Mercy  Hospital,  Ypsilanti,  Mich. 

Howard  B.  Gerber  '83  earned  his  M.D.  from  the 
University  of  Texas-Houston  in  1987  and  completed 
his  transitional  internship  at  the  University  of  Arkansas 
for  medical  sciences  in  1988.  He  will  complete  his 
residency  in  dermatology  at  the  Oklahoma  University 
Health  Sciences  Center,  where  he  will  begin  a  fellow- 
ship in  dermatology. 

Nancy  E.  Mattwell  Hegarty  '83  is  a  financial 
analyst  at  IBM  in  Gaithersburg,  Md.  She  and  her 
husband,  Thomas,  live  in  Bethesda. 

Karen  A.  Hicks  '83  graduated  from  Georgetown 
University's  medical  school  in  1988.  She  was  the 
intern  class  president  at  Walter  Reed  Army  Medical 
Center  in  Washington,  D.C.  She  is  completing  her 
residency  in  internal  medicine  at  Walter  Reed  and 
will  then  travel  to  Seoul,  Korea,  where  she  will  be  an 
attending  physician  at  the  U.S.  Army  Community 
Hospital  for  one  year. 

R.  Thomas  Hicks  '83  has  joined  the  Atlanta  law 
firm  Swift,  Currie,  McGhee  &  Hiers  as  an  associate. 
He  lives  in  Brookhaven,  Ga. 

Erica  Lynn  Liebelt  '83  has  completed  her  chief 
residency  at  Children's  Hospital  Medical  Center  in 
Cincinnati,  Ohio,  after  doing  her  pediatric  residency 
there.  She  will  be  starting  a  combined  fellowship  in 
pediatric  emergency/clinical  toxicology  at  The  Chil- 
dren's Hospital  in  Boston. 

David  "Chip"  Molthrop  Jr.  '83  completed  an 
internal  medicine  residency  in  June  1990  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Alabama-Birmingham,  where  he  is  cur- 
rently a  first-year  fellow  in  the  hematology/oncology 
department.  He  and  his  wife,  Carolyn  O'Hara 


,  and  their  daughter  live  in 


Molthrop  B.S.M.E. 
Birmingham. 

Brett  J.  Preston  '83  is  an  associate  with  the  law 
firm  Hill,  Ward  &  Henderson  in  Tampa,  Fla.  He  lives 
in  Tampa,  Fla. 

Robert  L.  Zisk  J.D.  '83  has  become  a  partner  with 
the  law  firm  Schmeltzer,  Aptaker  and  Shepard  of 
Washington,  D.C.  He  and  his  wife,  Nancy  Levine 

Zisk  '80,  J.D.  '83,  and  their  two  children  live  in 
Chevy  Chase,  Md. 

Elizabeth  "Zizi"  Kassay  Bohannon  B.S.N. 
'84  is  in  her  third  year  of  law  school  at  the  University 
of  San  Francisco.  She  was  a  summer  associate  at  the 
law  firm  Brobeck,  Phleger  and  Harrison.  She  and  her 
husband,  Lawrence,  live  in  Mill  Valley,  Calif. 

Walter  Sherwood  Davis  '84,  A.M.  '86,  a  senior 
medical  student  at  the  Bowman  Gray  School  of  Medi- 
cine of  Wake  Forest  University,  has  been  awarded  a 
house  officer  appointment  for  1991-92.  He  will  train 
in  physical  medicine  and  rehabilitation  at  the  Univer- 
sity of  Texas  Health  Sciences  Center  in  San  Antonio. 

Heather  L.  Duncan  B.S.E.  '84  is  research  man- 
ager of  First  Chicago  Futures,  Inc.  She  lives  in  Chicago. 

Robin  Sharpe  Flinn  '84  earned  her  C.P.A.  desig- 
nation in  1990.  She  is  assistant  treasurer  of  Jefferson 
Pilot  Life  and  Casualty  Co.  She  and  her  husband, 
Steve,  live  in  Greensboro. 

Steven  Bruce  Goldberg  BSE.  '84,  who 
earned  his  master's  in  electrical  engineering  from 
N.C.  State  University,  is  working  on  his  Ph.D.  there 
researching  the  fundamentals  of  electromagnetic 
interference.  Before  returning  to  school,  he  worked 
five  years  at  Texas  Instruments  in  Lewisville,  Texas. 

Robert  E.  Harrington  '84,  J.D.  '87  is  an  associ- 
ate with  the  law  firm  Stone,  Pigman,  Walther, 
Wittman  &  Hutchinson.  He  and  his  wife,  Sharon 
Carr  Harrington  J.D.  '89,  and  their  child  live  in 
New  Orleans. 

Carolyn  J.  Kates  '84  earned  her  master's  and 
Ph.D.  degrees  in  English  from  UNC-Greensboro.  She 
had  an  article  on  Eudora  Welty  published  in  the  Jan- 
uary 1990  issue  of  Notes  on  Mississippi  Writers  and  has 
read  several  papers  at  conferences. 

Michael  D.  Kurtz  M.Div.  '84  wrote  the  spring 
issue  of  the  quarterly  Teaching  Helps,  published  for  the 
United  Methodist  Church.  He  is  a  minister  at 
Mitchell's  Grove  United  Methodist  Church  in  High 
Point,  N.C. 


;e  '84,  who  earned  his  law 
degree  from  Wake  Forest  University  in  1989,  com- 
pleted a  judicial  clerkship  with  a  federal  judge  in  New 
York  City.  He  practices  with  the  international  trade 
group  Kilpatrick  &  Cody  in  Washington,  D.C. 

Elizabeth  Temple  Schoenfeld  '84  has  been 

promoted  to  managing  editor  of  Policy  Review,  the 
quarterly  journal  of  analysis  and  opinion  published  by 
The  Heritage  Foundation,  a  leading  public  policy  re- 
search institute.  She  and  her  husband,  Michael,  live 
in  Arlington,  Va. 

Claude  Kenneth  Turlington  '84  is  an  invest- 
ment portfolio  manager  for  Ameritrust  Texas  Corp.  in 
Houston  and  is  preparing  to  be  designated  Chartered 
Financial  Analyst. 


Kelly  Becker  '85  is  a  doctoral  student  in 
counseling  psychology  at  the  University  of  Miami. 
She  also  works  at  Camillus  Health  Concern,  a  health 
clinic  serving  the  homeless  of  Miami,  where  she  pro- 
vides psychological  services  for  homeless  children. 
She  and  her  husband,  Michael,  and  their  son  live  in 
Miami. 


Jane  Alice  Hunter  Bender  '85,  MBA.  '89  is 
a  pharmaceutical  sales  representative  for  Glaxo,  Inc. 


Yachtsman's  Caribbean  January  18-25 

Explore  what  National  Geographic  has  called  "some  of  the 
world's  most  beautiful  waters"  on  board  the  Nantucket  Clipper. 
You  will  discover  secluded  bays,  picturesque  coves,  out-of-the- 
way  marinas  and  some  of  the  finest  beaches  in  the  world 
known  only  to  exclusive  private  yachts.  From  St.  Thomas  we 
will  visit  St.  John,  Tortola,  Norman  Island,  Virgin  Gorda, 
Jost  Van  Dyke,  St.  Thomas.  Prices  start  at  just  $1,520  per 
person  with  special  Duke  discount  plus  Clipper  Air  Program. 

India,  Africa  &  The  Seychelles 
January  26-February  10 

Join  fellow  Duke  Alumni  for  the  inaugural  season  of  Royal 
Cruise  Line's  newest  crown  jewel,  the  classic  Royal  Odyssey. 
From  the  wonders  of  Bombay  and  Goa  to  Kenya's  wild  game 
parks  and  the  rapturous  islands  of  the  Indian  Ocean-the 
Maldives,  Seychelles,  Madagascar  and  Zanzibar.  Guests  will 
be  pampered  onboard  with  single-seating  dining  and  award- 
winning  service.  Featuring  an  overnight  on  board  in  Mom- 
basa, plus  optional,  low-cost  land  extensions  in  Delhi  for  the 
Taj  Mahal  and  Nairobi  for  an  African  Safari.  Prices  begin  at 
$4,396  including  air  from  major  cities. 

Pearls  of  the  Orient  February  5-16 

The  Orient,  ancient  and  mystical,  has  long  captivated  the 
imaginations  of  Westerners  with  its  diversity,  its  size  and 
Its  brilliant  contrasts.  It  is  an  area  steeped  in  tradition  and 
religion— a  vast,  seemingly  inexhaustible  source  of  riches  and 
wonder.  Now,  Alumni  Holidays  is  pleased  to  offer  an  extraor- 
dinary opportunity  to  explore  an  intriguing  corner  of  the 
Orient,  offering  a  fascinating  mix  of  cultures,  races,  religions, 
languages  and  ways  of  life.  You'll  travel  first  to  the  bustling 
island  nation  of  Singapore,  the  "Crossroads  of  the  World" 
where  Chinese,  Malay,  Indian  and  Western  cultures  converge. 
From  Singapore,  enjoy  your  four-night  "Tropical  Sea  Roads 
Cruise"  aboard  the  intimate  200  passenger  M/S  Song  of  Flower 
(awarded  a  five-star  rating  by  Fieldings).  Cruise  to  Port 
Kelang,  gateway  to  Kuala  Lumpur;  then  Penang,  Malaysia; 
and  on  to  Phuket,  Thailand.  Enjoy  deluxe  spacious  accom- 
modations and  exquisite  international  cuisine  accompanied 
by  complimentary  wines.  The  Song  of  Flower  offers  all  the 
amenities  expected  on  the  finest  luxury  liner— and  more. 
Next,  colorful  Bangkok,  Thailand,  with  its  distinct  temples 
and  monasteries  that  display  a  style  found  nowhere  else  in  the 
world.  Prolong  the  excitement  with  a  post-trip  extension  to 
Hong  Kong  with  its  modern  skyscrapers,  crowded  harbor  and 
distinct  blend  of  East  and  West.  Come,  discover  the  varied 
treasures  of  the  Orient  on  this  once-in-a-lifetime  journey  to 
exotic  Southeast  Asia.  From  approximately  $4,300  per  person 
from  San  Francisco. 


Galapagos  Islands  March  12-25 

Explore  with  us  one  of  earth's  most  remote  treasures,  the 
Galapagos  Islands.  Walk  in  the  footsteps  of  Charles  Darwin 
among  giant  tortoises,  blue-footed  boobies  and  marine  iguanas. 
Swim  with  penguins  and  frolicking  sea  lion  pups  as  we  cruise 
for  eight  days/seven  nights  on  the  luxurious  privately- 
chartered  yacht  cruiser,  the  my.  Eric.  Ports  of  call  include 
San  Cristobal,  Hood,  Floreana,  Santa  Cruz,  Santa  Fe,  Plaza, 
North  Seymour,  Bartolome  and  James  Islands.  Also  included 
in  the  itinerary  are  stays  in  Quito,  the  capital  of  Ecuador, 
Cuenca  and  Guayaquil.  Approximately  $4,250  per  person. 

Historic  Cities  and  Ml  Towns  of  Italy      April 6-20 

Join  us  this  spring  for  a  most  comprehensive  yet  leisurely 
itinerary  that  includes  three  of  the  world's  most  historic  and 
unique  cities:  Rome,  the  eternal  city;  Florence,  the  premier  city 
of  the  Italian  renaissance;  and  Venice,  the  gem  of  the  Adriatic 
and  home  of  the  Doges.  Our  route  of  travel  among  these  three 
masterpiece  cities  will  take  us  into  the  countryside. . .  the 
Umbria  region;  Orvieto,  Todi,  Spoleto,  and  Assist.  Then 
toward  Florence  with  a  visit  to  the  medieval  city  of  Siena. 
Extensive  sight-seeing  in  city  and  country  with  an  experi- 
enced Italian  guide  will  focus  on  the  art,  architecture,  history 
and  cuisine  of  Italy.  Approximately  $3,700  from  New  York. 


Austria  May  13-22 

Settle  into  a  charming  Tyrolean  hotel  for  eight  nights  in  the 
idyllic  alpine  resort  of  Kitzbuhel,  with  time  to  enjoy  the 
splendid  scenery  and  regional  flavor  and  to  get  to  know  the 
area  well.  Travel  with  the  group  to  Salzburg  for  an  exciting 
day  of  sightseeing.  Enjoy  a  full-day  excursion  on  the  breath- 
taking Grossglockner  Highway.  Visit  the  highlights  of 
Innsbruck  including  a  private  tour  of  Tratzberg  Castle.  Enjoy 
a  festive  Tyrolean  buffet,  a  walking  tour  of  Kitzbuhel,  evening 
concerts  in  the  town  square,  and  rj 


life  at  the  local  c 


24 


CfiUKE  TRAVEL  1991 

ZZy  MANY  MORE  EXCITING  ADVENTURES 

"The  world  is  a  great  book,  of  which  they  who  never  stir 
from  home  read  only  a  page." 

St.  Augustine 

We  cordially  invite  you  to  travel  with  us. 


July 20-26 

,  the  Rogue 


Approximately  $2,200  per  person  double  occupancy  from 
Washington,  D.C. 

Western  Mediterranean  Cruise  May  19-June  1 

Cruise  aboard  the  Seaboum  Spirit  including  special  visits  to 
Rome  and  Paris.  We  begin  this  exclusive  itinerary  with  two 
nights  in  Rome  prior  to  boarding  the  elegant,  five-star  plus 
rated  Seaboum  Spirit  for  a  seven  night  cruise,  Rome  to  Nice. 
Travel  and  Leisure  has  designated  the  Seaboum  Spirit  as,  "now 
the  one  to  beat."  From  Nice  we  fly  to  Paris  and  spend  three 
nights  in  the  City  of  Light.  Deluxe  sightseeing  in  Rome  and 
Paris— a  travel  experience  for  the  connoisseur!  Approximately 
$8,000  from  New  York. 

Scandinavia/Russia  Cruise  June  11-25 

Seven  colorful  ports  on  one  deluxe  five-star  cruise-there  is 
no  better  way  to  experience  Scandinavia  and  the  Baltic  port 
of  Leningrad,  U.S.S.R.  Duke  travelers  have  an  added  option 
of  beginning  their  vacation  with  a  three-day  exploration  of 
Copenhagen's  canals  and  castles  before  the  luxurious  Crystal 
Harmony  sets  sail  to  Helsinki,  Finland,  Leningrad,  U.S.S.R., 
Stockholm,  Sweden,  Gdansk,  Poland,  Oslo,  Norway,  and 
Amsterdam,  Holland,  on  a  delightful  13-night  cruise.  The  new 
Crystal  Harmony  was  designed  to  be  the  most  spacious  and 
luxurious  of  all  cruise  vessels.  She  boasts  the  largest  suites  with 
over  50%  of  the  staterooms  having  private  verandas.  Three 
elegant  restaurants  offer  a  variety  of  cuisine  and  ambience. 
Special  cocktail  parties,  an  orchestra  for  dancing  and  nightly 
entertainment  cap  off  days  of  leisurely  discovery.  Whether  it 
be  touring,  shopping  or  posh  nightlife,  this  travel  experience 
is  certain  to  appeal  to  everyone.  Reduced  airfare  from  many 
major  cities  enhances  the  attraction.  The  Scandinavia/Russia 
Cruise  is  priced  from  approximately  $4,585  per  person. 

Cotes  du  Rhone  Passage  June  24-July  6 

Since  Alumni  Holidays  first  introduced  its  pioneering  Cotes 
du  Rhone  Passage  in  1986,  the  Rhone  River  Valley  of  Provence 
has  provided  travelers  one  of  France's  most  colorful  and 
historic  areas.  This  exclusive  land/cruise  program  begins  in 
Cannes,  the  sparkling  jewel  of  the  Mediterranean's  Cote 


d'Azur.  Its  famous  palm  tree-lined  boulevard,  Promenade  de  la 
Croisette,  runs  along  the  coast,  separating  luxurious  hotels 
from  sun-drenched,  sandy  beachesthat  ringthe  Bay  of  Napoule. 
From  its  elegant  boutiques  and  side-walk  cafes  to  its  inter- 
national festivals  and  casino,  Cannes  is  truly  among  the  very 
finest  of  European  resorts.  Experience  also  the  beauty  of 
Monaco  and  other  resorts  along  the  French  Riviera  as  well  as 
the  medieval  "Perched  Villages"  in  the  nearby  Maritime  Alps. 
From  Cannes,  travel  to  fascinating  Avignon,  one  of  France's 
most  splendid  medieval  cities,  where  you  will  board  our  exclu- 
sive deluxe  river  cruise  ship,  the  M/SArlene.  Your  eight-day/ 
seven-night  cruise  of  the  Rhone  and  Saone  Rivers  will  bring 
you  face-to-face  with  Roman  Ruins,  ancient  towns  frozen  in 
time  and  a  landscape  which  Vincent  van  Gogh  captured  on 
numerous  canvasses.  Journey  from  Macon  in  Burgundy  to  the 
incomparable  city  of  Paris  by  TGV  high-speed  train  for  a 
relaxing  conclusion  to  your  French  experience.  From  the 
Mediterranean  to  the  Ile-de-France,  the  Cotes  du  Rhone  is. .  . 
magnifiqitel  From  approximately  $4,400  per  person  from 
Atlanta  and  $4,300  per  person  from  New  York. 

Midnight  Sun  Express  and  Alaska  Passage 
July  17-30 

Begin  with  two  nights  in  the  1902  gold  rush  city  of  Fair- 
banks, Alaska.  Then,  board  your  own  private  cars  of  the 
Midnight  Sun  Express  train  {considered  by  many  to  be  the 
most  luxurious  rail  journey  in  the  United  States)  as  it  winds  for 
450  miles  through  the  rugged,  wild,  last  American  frontier. 
After  the  first  sixty  miles  by  rail,  arrive  at  six-million  acre 
Denali  National  Park  for  a  one-night  visit  and,  perhaps,  catch 
a  glimpse  of  Mount  McKinley,  the  park's  centerpiece.  On  to 
Anchorage  for  a  two-night  stay,  and  then  board  the  Pacific 
Princess,  your  deluxe  home  away  from  home  for  seven  nights, 
and  cruise  Alaska's  Inside  Passage  to  Vancouver.  The  Midnight 
Sun  Express  and  Alaska  Passage  is  an  outstanding  travel  value, 
with  sure  and  certain  appeal.  All  sight-seeing  is  included  in 
Fairbanks,  Denali  National  Park  and  Anchorage.  A  two-night 
Vancouver  option  is  available.  There  is  no  more  luxurious  way 
to  see  Alaska  than  on  this  exclusive  new  land  and  sea  itinerary. 
The  Midnight  Sun  Express  and  Alaska  Passage  is  priced  from 
approximately  $2,599,  per  person,  from  Fairbanks/Vancouver. 


TO  RECEIVE  DETAILED  BROCHURES,  FILL  OUT  THE  COUPON  AND  RETURN  TO 
BARBARA  DeLAPP  BOOTH  '54,  DUKE  TRAVEL,  614  CHAPEL  DRIVE,  DURHAM,  N.C. 
27706,(919)684-5114 

□   CARIBBEAN 

□    INDIA/SEYCHELLES 

□    THE  ORIENT 

□   GALAPAGOS 

□    ITALY 

□   AUSTRIA 

□   MEDITERRANEAN 

□   SCANDINAVIA/RUSSIA 

□   COTES  du  RHONE 

□   ALASKA 

□   ROGUE  RIVER 

□   CANADIAN  ROCKIES 

□   CHINA 

□   SPAIN 

□   GREEK  ISLES 

□   THE  AMAZON 

Class 

Address 

City 

State 

Zip 

Phont(Home) 

(Office) 

The  Rogue  River- A  Rafting  Trip 

Declared  the  nation's  first  Wild  and  Scei 
has  something  for  everyone.  Its  water  is  w 
exciting  but  sate,  its  wiMlitc  is  plentiful  (bear,  elk,  bald  eagle, 
deer,  otter,  beaver,  osprey)  and  its  scenery  is  lush  and  delight- 
ful. Rafting  45  miles  in  five  days  provides  ample  time  and 
opportunity  for  side  hikes  to  nearby  waterfalls,  and  swimming 
holes.  The  Rogue  is  gentle  enough  for  the  novice  and  diverse 
enough  for  the  experienced.  In  short,  it's  the  perfect  river 
rafting  trip.  $895  from  Medford,  Oregon. 

Canadian  Rockies  Adventure  August  10-19 

A  nature  spectacular  visiting  the  best  of  the  Canadian 
West. . .  one  night  in  Calgary  at  the  Palliser  Hotel;  two  nights 
in  Glacier  National  Park-one  night  at  Many  Glacier  Hotel, 
then  crossing  the  Continental  Divide  for  one  night  at  Lake 
McDonald  Lodge;  two  nights  at  beautiful  Chateau  Lake  Louise; 
two  nights  at  the  Jasper  Park  Lodge  in  Jasper;  and  two  nights 
in  Banff  at  the  Banff  Springs  Hotel.  Few  wilderness  regions 
of  the  world  can  match  the  beauty  and  grandeur  of  Canada's 
West.  Your  members  will  view  it  in  a  small,  congenial  group. 
All  sightseeing  and  most  meals  are  included  throughout  the 
trip  at  no  additional  charge.  Special  welcome  and  farewell 
cocktail  and  dinner  parties  are  also  included.  The  Canadian 
Rockies  Adventure  is  priced  at  approximately  $2,199,  per 
person,  from  Calgary. 

China  and  Yangtze  River  Cruise 
September  24-Octoher  9 

CHINA!  The  very  word  conjures  up  images  of  mystery, 
adventure  and  spectacular  sights.  By  far  the  most  populated 
country  on  earth,  the  Chinese  culture  and  civilization  have 
endured  longer  than  any  other  in  the  history  of  the  world. 
China's  unique  products-silk,  porcelain,  tea-have  long  been 
coveted  trade  commodities  and  the  fabled  splendors  of  far 
Cathay  have  excited  the  imagination  of  Western  travelers  for 
centuries.  Alumni  Holidays  is  pleased  to  offer  an  exclusive  itin- 
erary which  includes  the  best  of  the  People's  Republic  and  fea- 
tures an  unforgettable  three-night  cruise  down  the  upper 
Yangtze  River  and  the  scenic  splendor  of  the  Three  Gorges, 
often  cited  as  the  world's  most  spectacular  river  scenery.  In 
and  around  Beijing,  you'll  see  the  Great  Wall,  the  Forbidden 
City,  the  Summer  Palace  and  the  Temple  of  Heaven.  You'll 
stop  at  Xi'an  to  view  the  hundreds  of  recently  excavated  terra- 
cotta warriors  guarding  the  tomb  of  the  first  emperor  of  a 
united  China.  You'll  enjoy  the  metropolitan  sights  and  plea- 
sures of  Shanghai,  China's  largest  city.  Also  available  is  an 
optional  two-night  extension  to  exciting  Hong  Kong,  where 
fabulous  shopping  and  sightseeing  exist  side  by  side.  To  ensure 
maximum  participant  enjoyment,  group  size  will  be  limited 
to  40.  From  approximately  $4,895  per  person  from  San 
Francisco. 

Grand  Tour  of  Spain  October  13-26 

This  fall  we  explore  the  old-world  charm  of  Portugal  and 
Spain.  .  . .  countries  rich  in  history  and  traditions.  Our  itiner- 
ary begins  in  Lisbon,  capital  city  of  Portugal  and  continues 
with  visits  to:  Seville,  Cordoba,  Granada  and  cosmopolitan 
Madrid.  Via  secondary  roads  and  quiet,  rural  by-ways  we  experi- 
ence the  countryside  that  reflects  the  character  of  these  proud 
people.  A  special  selection  of  optional  excursions  will  include; 
flamenco  in  Seville,  El  Escorial  and  Valley  of  the  Fallen  and 
Avila  and  Segovia.  Approximately  $3,100  from  New  York. 

Greek  Isles  &  Ancient  Civilizations  November  14-27 

The  ancient  wonders  of  a  lost  civilization  wait  for  you  when 
you  join  fellow  Duke  alumni  and  friends  for  an  Odyssey 
through  time.  Travel  to  the  mysteries  of  Cairo,  Istanbul  and 
Pompeii;  experience  the  cultures  that  formed  world  history  in 
Rome,  Ephesus  and  Athens.  And  in  between,  touch  the  pris- 
tine beauty  of  the  romantic  islands  of  Greece. . .  Patmos, 
Rhodes  and  Crete.  Your  home  for  this  14  day  air/sea  adven- 
ture will  be  Royal  Cruise  Line's  elegant  Golden  Odyssey-\on% 
a  favorite  of  Duke  alumni.  Prices  begin  at  $2,715  including 


Amazon  River  Cruise      November  28-December  9 

Seabourn  Cruise  Line's  Amazon  is  different  trom  everyone 
else's  Amazon:  Seabourn  takes  you  farther  and  closer!  On  Sea- 
bourn  to  the  Amazon,  the  wonders  never  cease.  Relax  in  your 
elegantly  appointed  outside  suite  and  gaze  through  your  own 
picture  window  at  the  unparalleled  mystery  and  majesty  of 
the  world's  mightiest  river.  Along  the  way  Seabourn's  unique 
shore  excursions  are  a  rare  mix  of  elegance  and  adventure. 
After  the  Amazon  enjoy  some  of  the  Caribbean's  least  visited 
and  most  enchanting  islands.  The  all  inclusive  price  includes 
all  shore  excursions,  gratuities,  and  airfare. 


EYE  ON  THE  FUTURE 


When  William 
BasukM.D. 
'86  and  his 
colleagues  with  Project 
Orbis  leave  a  country, 
they  always  leave  some- 
thing behind.  Although 
Project  Orbis'  DC-8 
aircraft — equipped 
with  an  operating  room 
and  learning  facilities — 
is  designed  to  treat 
dozens  of  patients  on 
location  wherever  it 
goes,  the  real  benefit  of 
the  traveling  ophthal- 
mology hospital  is  as  a 
continuing-education 
vehicle. 

"We're  involved  in 
treatment  and  curative 
surgery,"  explains 
Basuk,  "but  our  main 


emphasis  is  education. 
Every  time  we  do  an 
operation,  we  gather 
the  local  doctors  to 
assist  or  observe,  and 
we  carefully  explain 
what  we're  doing  and 
why.  Then  we  trade 
places  and  they  perform 
the  operation  while  we 
assist.  The  number  of 
cases  is  relatively  low; 
what  we  do  best  is 
teach.  And  the  doctors 
who  we  teach  can  then 
help  their  patients  and 
other  doctors." 

Launched  ten  years 
ago  by  American  oph- 
thalmologist David 
Paton,  Project  Orbis  is 
an  international,  non- 
profit, outreach  organi- 


practice.  Until  then, 
his  work  with  Orbis — 
which  has  taken  him 
most  recently  to  Cen- 
tral America  and 
Cuba — will  focus  on 
some  follow-up  trips  to 
places  where  Orbis 
visited  in  the  past 

"We've  always  won- 
dered what  impact 
we  have  had.  What 
changes  have  been 
made.7  Has  the  level 
of  ophthalmology 
improved?  Sometimes 
we've  made  a  big  dif- 
ference, but  other 
times  certain  factors 


zation.  As  it  enters  its 
second  decade,  Project 
Orbis  continues  to  ad- 
dress an  acute  need.  Of 


Foreign  focus:  Project  Orbis  and  its  Cuban  connection  gave  eye  surgeon  Basuk, 
right,  a  photo  op  with  Castro,  center,  in  June;  surgeons  operate  with  and  instruc 
local  doctors ,  above . 


the  42  million  people 
in  the  world  who  are 
blind,  40  million  live  in 
developing  countries — 
the  very  places  to  which 
Project  Orbis  travels. 

Basuk's  interest  in 
humanitarian  efforts 
was  first  stirred  during 
his  medical  student 
days  (he  spent  time 
working  overseas  in 
the  Middle  East).  Dur- 
ing his  residency  in 
New  York,  Basuk 
signed  up  for  a  trip  to 
Mexico  to  help  a  com- 
munity of  extremely 
impoverished  Mayan 
Indians. 

"From  a  personal 
standpoint,  I  found  it 
very  interesting  to 
work  in  an  environ- 
ment completely  differ- 
ent from  anything  Pd 
known  before,"  he  says. 
"There  are  millions 
and  millions  of  people 
in  the  world  who  have 
never  seen  an  eye  doc- 


tor. And  there  are  dis- 
eases like  trachoma 
which  are  prevalent  in 
other  countries  but  not 
at  all  common  in  the 
United  States.  In  order 
to  complete  my  educa- 
tion as  an  ophthalmol- 
ogist, I  felt  it  was  nec- 
essary to  become 


we  see  every  day  in 
this  country  as  well  as 
those  we  don't  see." 
In  another  year  or 
year-and-a-half,  Basuk 
plans  to  enter  private 


prevent  some  of  our 
techniques  from  being 
effective. 

"In  El  Salvador,  for 
example,  there  were 
places  where  the 
machine  required  for  a 
certain  procedure  had 
broken  and  they 
couldn't  afford  to  fix  it 
So  we  try  to  teach  what 
is  appropriate  given 
that  particular  coun- 
try's resources.' 


She  and  her  husband,  Robert  Bentter  Jr. ' 

live  in  Bloomington,  111. 


'85  practices  real  estate 
law  in  northern  New  Jersey.  She  and  her  husband, 
Raymond,  live  in  their  new  home  in  Union,  N.J. 

Angier  Biddie  Duke  Jr.  '85  was  appointed 
editor  in  charge  of  the  editorial  page  of  The  New  Mex- 
ican, the  Sante  Fe  daily.  He  and  his  wife,  Idoline,  live 
in  Sante  Fe,  N.M. 


Kenney  Komlof  ske  '85  is  a  senior 
associate  with  the  consulting  firm  Booz,  Allen  and 
Hamilton.  She  and  her  husband,  Gerry,  are  moving 
from  Chicago  to  Tokyo  this  spring  to  work  in  Booz, 
Allen's  Tokyo  office  for  three  years. 


C.  Mahder  '85,  M.B.A.  '87  is  an  associ- 
ate within  the  North  America  corporate  finance  sec- 
tor at  New  York's  Chase  Manhattan  Bank.  He  and  his 
wife,  Patricia,  live  in  Old  Bethpage,  N.Y.,  where  they 
have  co-founded  Project  SENSE. 

Terry  A.  Robertson  M.Div.  '85,  a  Navy  lieu- 
tenant, received  the  Navy  Achievement  Medal  for 
"superior  performance  of  duty"  while  stationed  at  the 
Naval  Air  Station  in  Norfolk,  Va. 


Henry  Walter  Guy  Seay  III  '85  is  the  s 

director  for  administration  for  the  new  Peace  Corps 
program  in  Mongolia. 


'85  is  the  editor 
of  academic  publications  for  Baylor  College  of  Medi- 
cine's Office  of  the  President  and  owns  her  own  con- 
sulting business,  Desktop  Publishing  Solutions. 


Young  '85  is  an ; 

at  Katten,  Muchin  &.  Zavis  in  Chicago. 

Scott  R.  Brun  '86  has  been  appointed  assistant 
vice  president  of  commercial  services  at  Chittenden 
Bank.  He  and  his  wife,  Sarah,  live  in  Essex  Junction,  Vt. 

Kiara  Simone  Eily  '86,  a  senior  medical  student 
at  Wake  Forest  University's  Bowman  Gray  School  of 
Medicine,  has  been  awarded  a  house  officer  appoint- 
ment for  1991-92.  She  will  train  at  the  Pitt  County 
Memorial  Hospital/ECU  School  of  Medicine,  Green- 
ville, N.C. 

Malcolm  Tennyson  Foster  III  '86,  a  senior 

medical  student  at  Wake  Forest  University's  Bowman 
Gray  School  of  Medicine,  has  been  awarded  a  house 
officer  appointment  for  1991-92.  He  will  train  in  in- 


ternal medicine  at  the  University  of  Maryland  Medi- 
cal System  in  Baltimore. 


who  earned  his  M.D. 
degree  from  Baylor  College  of  Medicine  in  Houston, 
Texas,  has  been  accepted  into  the  internal  medicine 
residency  program  at  the  University  of  Alabama- 
Birmingham. 

Kevin  J.  Kempf  '86,  who  earned  his  M.D.  degree 
from  Baylor  College  of  Medicine  in  Houston,  Texas, 
has  been  accepted  into  the  medicine  residency  pro- 
gram at  the  Naval  Hospital  in  San  Diego. 

David  K.  Mcintosh  '86,  who  earned  his  M.D. 
degree  from  the  University  of  Miami's  medical  school, 
is  a  resident  in  internal  medicine  and  pediatrics 
at  Jackson  Memorial/University  of  Miami  Medical 
Center. 


J.  McKenna  '86  is  one  of  eight  stu- 
dents at  The  Catholic  University  of  America  in 
Washington,  D.C.,  to  win  the  1991  David  Lloyd 
Kreeger  Creativity  Award,  which  promotes  excellence 
among  students  in  architectute,  drama,  literature,  and 
music.  He  is  a  doctoral  candidate  in  rhetoric  in  CUA's 
English  department.  He  won  the  second-place  Kreeger 
Award  for  his  story,  "A  Long,  Slow  Burn." 


26 


Kimberly  McMullen  Ph.D.  '86,  a  faculty  mem- 
ber at  Kenyon  College  in  Gambier,  Ohio,  was  pro- 
moted to  associate  professor  of  English  in  the  spring. 

Buckner  F.  Melton  Jr.  A.M.  '86,  Ph.D.  '90  is 
the  author  of  a  dissertation  on  the  nation's  first 
impeachment  trial,  held  in  1798,  which  contends 
impeachment  is  not  a  criminal  proceeding.  He  is  an 
assistant  professor  of  history  at  Georgia  Southern 
University. 

Tom  Rubinson  '86  graduated  from  UCLA  Law 
School  in  May  1990  and  is  deputy  district  attorney 
living  in  Los  Angeles,  Calif. 

Donald  H.  Stewart  III  '86  earned  his  M.D. 
degree  and  completed  a  medical  internship  at  the 
Health  Science  Center  in  Syracuse,  N.Y.  He  and  his 
wife,  Kate,  will  move  to  Detroit,  where  he  will  start  a 
residency  in  ophthalmology  at  Wayne  State  University. 

Linda  Urben  Advanced  Management  Program 

Cert.  '86,  Sara  Harrison  '80,  and  Charles  W. 

Howard  '55  produced  50  segments  on  how  science 
and  technology  affect  different  sports.  The  series  is 
running  on  ABC  Sports  and  is  sponsored  exclusively 
by  AT&T.  Urben,  manager  of  broadcast  media  for 
AT&T,  is  coordinating  the  project. 

Greg  Weiss  '86  is  touring  as  the  associate  manager 
for  the  "Teenage  Mutant  Ninja  Turtles — Coming 
Out  of  Their  Shells"  tour.  He  lives  in  New  York  City. 


has  been  elected  to  mt 
bership  in  Alpha  Omega  Alpha  national  medical 
honor  society  at  UNC-Chapel  Hill. 


Ruth  Culver  '87,  a  senior  medical 
student  at  Wake  Forest  University's  Bowman  Gray 
School  of  Medicine,  has  been  awarded  a  house  officer 
appointment  for  1991-92.  She  will  train  in  pediatrics 
at  New  York  City's  Presbyterian  Hospital. 

James  Owen  Fordice  B.S.E.  '87,  who  earned 
his  M.D.  degree  from  Baylor  College  of  Medicine  in 
Houston,  Texas,  has  been  accepted  into  Baylor's  oto- 
larynology  residency  program. 

Man  Quang  Le  B.S.E.  '87,  who  earned  his  M.D. 
degree  from  Baylor  College  of  Medicine  in  Houston, 
Texas,  has  been  accepted  into  the  anesthesia  resi- 
dency program  at  Georgetown  University. 

Shepherd  W.  McKinley  '87,  who  was  president 
of  the  Duke  Alumni  Club  of  Philadelphia,  has  moved 
to  Charlotte,  N.C,  where  he  is  an  investment  broker 
with  J.C.  Bradford  &  Co.  He  is  now  active  in  Char- 
lotte's alumni  club. 

Peter  H.  Rienthal  Ph.D.  '87  has  been  appointed 
assistant  professor  of  biology  at  Eastern  Michigan  Uni- 
versity in  Ypsilanti,  Mich. 

Nicole  Petersen  Shepard  '87,  a  senior  medi- 
cal student  at  Wake  Forest  University's  Bowman  Gray 
School  of  Medicine,  has  been  awarded  a  house  officer 
appointment  for  1991-92.  She  will  train  in  pediatrics 
at  the  UNC  Hospitals  in  Chapel  Hill. 

Andrew  B.  Wallach  '87,  who  earned  his  M.D. 
degree  from  the  UNC  School  of  Medicine,  will  com- 
plete an  internal  medicine  internship  at  UNC  before 
pursuing  a  dermatology  residency. 

John  F.  Hillen  III  '88  served  as  the  plans  and 
operations  officer  of  2nd  Squadron,  2nd  Armored 
Cavalry  Regiment  during  Operation  Desert  Storm. 
He  was  awarded  the  Bronze  Star  for  his  actions  in 
combat  against  the  Iraqi  Republican  Guard. 

trie  M.  Johnsen  '88  is  a  lieutenant  j.g.  in  the 
Navy,  stationed  onboard  the  USS  lwojima  as  the 
combat  information  center  officer.  He  returned  from 
an  eight-month  deployment  to  the  Persian  Gulf  in 
support  of  Operations  Desert  Shield/Desert  Storm. 

Jim  B.  Zeh  B.S.E.  '88  was  commended  while  serv- 
ing with  Helicopter  Anti-submarine  Squadron-Eight, 


Naval  Air  Station  North  Island,  San  Diego.  He  was 
recognized  for  "outstanding  performance  of  duty, 
professionalism,  and  overall  dedication  to  the  service." 

Jill  Basciani  BSE   89,  Jonathan  Cohn 

B.S.E.  '89,  David  L.  Shein  B.S.E.  '89,  and  Kara 
Sherman  B.S.E.  '89  returned  from  a  hackcountry 
skiing  expedition  in  the  Wasatch  mountain  range  of 
Utah. 


Carr  Harrington  J. D.  '89  is  an  i 

at  the  law  firm  Bryan,  Jupiter,  Lewis  &  Blanson.  She 

and  her  husband,  Robert  E.  Harrington  '84, 

J.D.  '87,  and  their  child  live  in  New  Orleans. 

Brian  Delos  Long  '89  is  in  his  second  year  of 
medical  school  at  the  Medical  College  of  Georgia.  He 
and  his  wife,  Lara,  live  in  Augusta. 

Catherine  M.  Lueker  '89,  a  Navy  lieutenant 
j.g.,  returned  in  July  from  a  six-month  deployment  to 
the  Arabian  Gulf  in  support  of  Operation  Desert 
Storm.  Her  combat  stores  ship,  the  USS  Niagara  Falls, 
provided  food  and  cargo  to  more  than  40  different 
ships  during  the  cruise.  She  has  served  as  a  communi- 
cations officer  onboard  since  March  1990  and  lives  in 
Guam. 


writes,  "I've  quit  my  high- 
pressure  job  as  a  management  consultant  to  pursue  a 
kinder,  gentler  way  of  life  working  on  a  kibbutz  in 
Israel." 

MARRIAGES:  Robert  Bender  Jr.  '80  to  Jane 

Alice  Hunter  '85,  M.B.A.  "89  on  May  26, 1990. 
Residence:  Bloomington,  111.   .   .   .  Joe  Martin 
Hamilton  '80  to  Karen  Lyn  Kuwata  on  Sept.  23, 
1990.  Residence:  New  York  City.  .    .Laurie 
Anne  Sappern  '81  to  Dean  H.  Gauglen  on  Aug. 
25,  1990.  Residence:  Fairfield,  Conn.  .  .  .  Cynthia 
Jean  Turner  '81,  A.M.  '89  to  Dirk  Andries 
FlentropHon.  '76  on  April  18.  .   .  Kristen 


Hildebrandt  '82,  B.H.S.  '85  to  Michael  Monahan 
on  April  28,  1990.  Residence:  Boston.  .    .Nancy 
E.  Mattwell  '83  to  Thomas  J.  Hegarty  on  Nov.  30, 
1990.  Residence:  Bethesda,  Md.  .   .   .  Robert  E. 
Harrington  '84,  J.D.  '87  to  Sharon  D.  Carr  J.D. 
'89  on  Aug.  5,  1989.  Residence:  New  Orleans.  .    . 
Claire  Chantal  Hochmuth  '84  tojotg  Lohmann 
on  Aug.  25.  Residence:  Germany.   .    .Elizabeth 
"Zizi"  Kassay  B.S.N.  '84  to  Lawrence  L.  Bohannon 
on  Aug.  II,  1990.  Residence:  Mill  Valley,  Calif.  .   .  . 
Robin  Sharpe  '84  to  Stephen  J.  Flinn  on  Oct.  27, 
1990.  Residence,  Greensboro,  N.C. 
Kenneth  Turlington  '8 
'85  on  Oct.  8,  1988,  in  Houston,  Texas.  .    .  Angier 
Biddle  Duke  Jr.  '85  to  Idoline  Scheerer  on  Sept. 
8,  1990.  Residence:  Sante  Fe,  N.M.  .  .  .Audrey 
Grumhaus  '85  to  Jonathan  W.  Young  in  September 
1990.  Residence:  Chicago.  .   .  Debbie  Hunger 
'85  to  Raymond  J.  DaSilva  on  Sept.  15,  1990.  Resi- 
dence: Union,  N.J.  .  .  .  Edward  Prewitt  '85  to 
April  Roots  on  June  16,  1990.  Residence:  Cambridge, 
Mass.  .  .  .  Henry  Walter  Guy  Seay  III  '85 
to  Deborah  Anne  Martin  on  Nov.  30,  1990.  .    . 
Steven  P.  Lapham  MBA.  '86  to  Marybeth 
Levin  '86  on  Sept.  29,  1990.  Residence:  Hoboken, 
N.J.         Jeffrey  McCoskey  BSE  87  to  Laura 
M.  Palumbo  '87  on  Sept.  9, 1990.  .    .  Karri 
Claire  Neuschatz  '87  to  Stephen  William  Patola 
on  June  1.  Residence:  Boston.  .    .  Kyle  Claire 
Schweiker  '87  to  James  Allen  Hard  on  Sept.  8, 
1990.  Residence:  Arlington,  Va.  .  .  .  Linda  Ann 
Cirillo  '89  to  David  Mastrodonato  on  Jan.  1.  Resi- 
dence: Brooklyn.  .   .  Brian  D.  Long  '89  to  Lara 
Ellen  Roberts  on  Dec.  22,  1990.  Residence:  Augusta, 
Ga.  .   .  Suzanne  M.  White  '89  to  Kenneth  M. 
Morgan  on  March  16.  Residence:  Marlton,  N.J. 

BIRTHS:  First  child  and  son  to  Melissa  Kline 
Carter  '80  and  John  R.  Carter  Jr.  '82  on  Oct. 
12,  1989.  Named  John  Robert  III.  .    .  First  child  and 


In  an  age  when  mass  production  most  often  takes 
precedence  over  quality,  we  do  not  strive 
the  same  standards.  Instead,  we  employ  age  old  tech 
niques  in  the  tradition  of  Colonial  cabinetmakers.  The 
result  is  a  classic  quality  of  solid  mahogany  18th  century 
Chippendale,  Queen  Anne,  and  Hepplewhite  reproductions 
that  cannot  be  compared  to  the  products  nf  today.  We  still  make        | 
each  piece  to  order,  one  at  a  time.  Our  handcrafted  reproductions     | 
are  often  less  expensive  than  furniture  formed  from  chipboard 
and  veneer.  And,  yes,  we  do  custom  pieces. 

Howerton  Antique  Reproductions  i 
Est.  1926  L 


lb  order  your  new  16  page,  color  catalog. 
please  enclose  a  check  for  (3.00  to  Howerton 
Antique  Reproductions,  P.O.  Box  215, 
120  Buffalo  Road,  Clarksville,VA  23927. 


daughter  to  Julie  Crothers  Christel  B.S.N.  '80 
and  Thomas  J.  Christel  on  Jan.  10.  Named  Margaret 
Ellen.  .    .  Second  child  and  second  daughter  to 
Bradley  David  Korbel  '80  and  Leah  Morgan 
Korbel  '80  on  March  27,  1990.  Named  Caroline 
Sarah.  .    .  First  child  and  son  to  Laura  Bafford 
Leslie  '80  and  Jack  Leslie  on  Sept.  21,  1990.  Named 
John  Webster.  .    .  First  child  and  son  to  Mollie 

Stokes  Maready  'SO  and  Michael  C. 

Maready  '80  on  Aug.  6,  1990.  Named  Michael 
William.  .    .  A  son  to  Jeff  Novatt ' 80  and 
Susan  Westeen  Novatt  J.D.  '83  on  March  20. 
Named  Jonathan  David.  .    .  Fourth  child  and  first 
son  to  Jane  Weidili  Ott  B.S.N.  '80  and  Gregory 
Ott  on  March  1 2.  Named  Christopher  Philip.  .    . 
Second  child  and  daughter  to  Eric  Steinhouse 
'80.  Named  Kimberly.   .    .  Second  child  and  daughter 
to  Denise  McCain  Tharnstrom  '80  and 
Charles  A.  Tharnstrom  B.S.E.  79  on  Oct.  20, 
1 990.  Named  Devyn  Elizabeth.  .    .  Second  son  to 
Larry  Jones  '81  and  Lucy  Stea  Jones  '82  on 
March  2 1 .  Named  Wyatt  Patrick.   .    .  First  child  and 
daughter  to  Cheryl  Bondy  Kaplan  '81  and  Mark 
Kaplan  on  May  14,  1990.  Named  Hannah  Miriam.  .    . 
Second  child  and  first  daughter  to  Alexandra 
Bryan  Klein  '81  and  Jeffrey  D.  Klein  on  Oct.  15, 
1990.  Named  Kate  Bryan.  .    .  First  child  and  daugh- 
ter to  llissa  Kimball  Povich  '81  and  Lon  Povich 
on  Dec.  14.  Named  Emily  Marie.  .    .  A  daughter  to 
Richard  Sheft  '81  and  Marlene  Sheft  on  Sept.  12, 
1990.  Named  Samantha  Michele.  .    .A  son  to 
Richard  W.  Block  BSE.  '82  and  Elizabeth 
Fallon  Block  '83  on  April  1.  Named  John 
Michael.  .    .  Second  daughter  to  Lynn  Groten- 
huis  Gustafson  '82  and  Peter  Knap 
Gustafson  79  on  March  5,  1990.  Named  Sarah 
Holle.       .  First  child  and  daughter  to  Sharon 

Pardy  Nevins  '82  and  Robert  Chamber- 

laine  Nevins  '82  on  Jan.  8.  Named  Catherine 


Trippe.  .   .  A  daughter  to  Theodore  "Tod"  J. 

Sawicki  '82  and  Sherry  Sawicki  on  Feb.  18.  Named 
Mackenzie  Carol.  .    .  Second  child  and  son  to  Karen 
N.  Williams  Ph.D.  '82  and  Joel  O.  Williams  on 
Sept.  30,  1990.  Named  John  Michael.  .    .  First  chil- 
dren and  twin  daughters  to  Richard  S.  Zinman 
'82  and  Audrey  Zambetti  Zinman  '83  on  Feb. 
1.  Named  Amanda  Blair  and  Katherine  Lane.  .    .  A 

son  to  Renee  Elizabeth  Meyer  Masserey 

'83  on  Jan.  4.  Named  Antoine  Robert.  .    .First  child 
and  daughter  to  Chip  Molthrop  '83  and  Carolyn 
O'Hara  Molthrop  B.S.M.E.  '84  on  Jan.  9, 1990. 
Named  Elizabeth  Ann.  .    .  Second  daughter  to 
Robba  Addison  Moran  J.D.  '83  and  Jerry 
Moran  on  Sept.  6,  1990.  Named  Alex  Elise.  .    .  First 
child  and  daughter  to  Rebecca  Divers  Bent  '84 
and  John  Peale  Bent  III  on  April  15.  Named 
Zoe  Blackwell.  .    .  Third  son  to  Gary  B.  Gunst 
M.B.A.  '84  and  Susan  L.  Gunst  on  Feb.  4.  Named  John 
Lange.  .   .  First  child  to  Robert  E.  Harrington 
'84,  J.D.  '87  and  Sharon  Carr  Harrington  J.D. 
'89.  Named  Jourdan.   .    .  Second  child  and  daughter 
to  Michael  D.  Kurtz  M.Div.  '84  and  Karen  C. 
Kurtz  on  Jan.  13.  Named  Anna  Rebekah.  .    .First 

child  and  daughter  to  Michael  Schneider  '84 

and  Wendy  Schneider  on  Dec.  27.  Named  Nancy- 
Claire.  .    .  First  child  and  daughter  to  John  Fred- 
erick Schramm  M.B.A.  '84  and  Wanda  Ann 
Schramm  on  March  5.  Named  Laura  Ann.  .    .First 
child  and  son  to  Scott  Wallace  '84  and  Barbara 
Wallace  on  March  2.  Named  Adam  Michael.  .    . 
First  child  and  son  to  Susan  Kelly  Becker  '85 
and  Michael  Becker  on  Oct.  18,  1990.  Named  Daniel 
Kelly.  .   .  Second  son  to  Lynn  Van  Bremen 
Gilbert  '85  and  John  Spalding  Gilbert  85  on 

March  11.  Named  Lee  Standish.   .    .  Second  child 
and  daughter  to  David  A.  Lock  wood  '86  and  Rose 
Lockwood  on  Jan.  17.  Named  Madeline  Jane.  .    .A 
son  to  James  Francis  Sweeney  B.S.E.E.  '86 


and  Janet  Vorsanget  Sweeney  '86  on  April 
17.  Named  Robert  James.  .  .  First  child  and  daughtei 
to  Barry  J.  Hassett  B.S.E.  '88  and  Melanie  Col- 
son  Hassett  on  March  13.  Named  Chelsea  Skye. 


90s 


Geoffrey  D.  Dabelko  '90  has  joined  the  Council 
on  Foreign  Relations'  Washington,  D.C.,  office  as 
program  associate. 

Louis  W.  Gaff  ord  B.S.E.  '90,  an  ensign  in  the 
Navy,  completed  his  first  solo  flight.  He  is  in  primary 
flight  training  with  Training  Squadron-Three,  Naval 
Air  Station,  Milton,  Fla. 

Kathryn  Goelzer  A.M.  '90  entered  the  Ph.D. 
program  in  English  at  the  University  of  California- 
Santa  Barbara.  Her  article  on  gynecological  disease 
appeared  in  the  Spring/Summer  1990  issue  of  The 
CFIDS  Chronicle. 

Linda  Leigh  Roberts  '90  is  a  financial  services 
representative  for  Maryland  National  Bank  in  Bethesda. 
She  also  tutors  Spanish  to  high  school  students  and 
takes  dance  classes.  She  appeared  on  stage  in  a  musi- 
cal review,  "Razzamatazz,"  which  benefited  the  Sun- 
shine Foundation. 

MARRIAGES:  Brook  Hamilton  Burling  '90 
to  Kimberly  Dawn  Palmer  '90.  Residence: 
Bridgeport,  Conn. . .  .  Catherine  Carver  '90  to 

Robert  McCurrach  on  June  30,  1990.  Residence: 
Monticello,  Fla.  .  .  .  Kerith  Lynn  Hackett  '90 
to  Patrick  Edward  Moran  '90  on  December  29. 
Residence:  Atlanta. 


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DEATHS 


17  in  Charlotte.  After 
enlisting  in  the  U.S.  Army,  he  served  in  France  as 
personal  aide  to  General  Lewis,  construction  quarter- 
master at  Ft.  Bragg.  He  was  later  transport  comman- 
der for  returning  troops  from  the  South  Pacific.  He 
was  a  member  of  Sigma  Phi  Epsilon  fraternity,  Tombs, 
and  the  Red  Friar  honorary  fraternity.  He  is  survived 

by  his  son,  Henry  A.  Nicholson  Jr.  '44,  M.D. 
'47;  his  daughter,  Martha  Nicholson  Henry 

'45;  nine  grandchildren,  including  Martha  Henry 
Somerville  '75;  and  five  great-grandchildren. 


M.  Hornaday  '20  on  March  21.  He  was 
founder  of  Guilford  Mills  Inc.  He  was  a  benefactor  of 
Duke's  Eye  Center  and  ophthalmology  department. 
He  is  survived  by  three  daughters,  six  grandchildren, 
and  three  great-grandchildren. 

Pattie  J.  Groves  '22  on  June  4,  1990.  She  was 
director  of  health  services  at  Mt.  Holyoke  College  as 
well  as  resident  physician  and  professor  of  hygiene. 
She  was  a  member  of  the  Duke  Half  Century  Club. 
She  is  survived  by  three  nieces. 

Sarah  Oneida  Dashiell  Stark  '23  of  Greenville, 
N.C.,onMay8,  1990. 

Agnes  J.  Currin  '24  on  March  15, 1991.  She 

taught  music  in  the  towns  of  Elon  College,  Yancey- 
ville,  Roxboro,  and  Hurdle  Mills.  She  is  survived  by  a 
son,  a  daughter,  two  sisters,  and  nine  grandchildren. 

Ruby  Edith  Reeves  McMillan  24  of  Mouth 
of  Wilson,  Va.,  on  Dec.  19  in  Jefferson,  N.C.  She 
served  the  Ashe  and  Alleghany  County  school  sys- 
tems for  43  years.  She  is  survived  by  two  sisters. 

Jasper  L.  Clute  '25  of  Charlotte,  N.C,  on  Dec. 
27,  1990. 


L.  Bruce  Wynne  '25  in  September  1990.  He  was 
the  Martin  County  Clerk  of  Court.  He  was  a  charter 
member  and  a  president  of  the  Williamston  Kiwanis 
Club.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Mary,  a  step-son,  a 
step-daughter,  and  two  step-grandchildren. 

Erwin  Duke  Stephens  '25  on  Jan.  31.  He  was 
the  Caswell  Messenger  editor  and  publisher.  He  is  sur- 
vived by  his  wife,  Lois,  two  daughters,  a  brother,  a  sis- 
ter, seven  grandchildren,  and  six  great-grandchildren. 

Whiteford  S.  Blakeney  26  on  March  25  He 
was  a  senior  member  in  the  law  firm  Blakeney, 
Alexander  &  Machen.  He  was  a  nationally  recog- 
nized leader  and  authority  in  the  development  of 
labor  relations  law  in  America.  He  is  survived  by 
three  daughters,  a  son,  a  brother,  a  sister,  and  six 
grandchildren. 

Ivey  L.  Sharpe  '26  on  Feb.  14.  He  was  a  United 
Methodist  minister.  He  has  been  listed  in  Who's  Who 
in  Methodism  and  was  the  author  of  three  books.  He 
is  survived  by  his  wife,  five  daughters,  two  brothers, 
four  sisters,  eight  grandchildren  and  four  great-grand- 
children. 

Mary  Kestler  Clyde  '27,  A.M.  '32  on  May  10. 

She  was  an  English  teacher  in  N.C.  high  schools  and 
an  author.  She  was  president  of  the  Duke  University 
Alumnae  Council.  She  is  survived  by  her  husband, 
Paul,  a  former  Duke  professor. 

John  Abel  Brothers  '28  of  Black  Mountain, 
N.C,  on  Dec.  26,  1990,  of  heart  failure. 

Ethel  Mae  Taylor  Gurkin  '28  of  Plymouth, 
N.C,  on  Dec.  10,  1989.  She  is  survived  by  her  hus- 
band, Harry,  and  a  son. 

J.  Walter  Neal  Jr.  '28  of  Pompano  Beach,  Fla., 
on  Oct.  7,  1989.  He  was  a  surgeon  and  military  vet- 


eran. He  served  in  the  U.S.  Army  during  World  War 
11.  He  was  instumental  in  setting  up  one  of  New 
Guinea's  first  surgical  units  while  serving  with  the 
33rd  Medical  Corps.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Daisy, 
and  a  son,  Kent  C.  Neal  '67. 

Norma  D.  Whitfield  '28  on  Feb.  27,  in  Person 
County,  N.C.  She  was  a  teacher  in  Orange  and  Per- 
son counties.  She  is  survived  by  her  husband,  Claude, 
three  daughters,  seven  grandchildren,  and  six  great- 
grandchildren. 

Zoe  Carroll  Black  A.M.  '29,  Ph.D.  '35  of  Freder- 
icksburg, Va.,  on  April  10,  1990.  She  was  a  biology 
professor  at  Mary  Washington  College.  She  is  sur- 
vived by  her  daughter. 

John  Ehrlich  A.M.  '29  on  Jan.  20.  He  was  a  micro- 
biologist who  led  the  Detroit,  Michigan-based  Parke, 
Davis  &.  Co.  research  teams  to  the  discovery  of  impor- 
tant "wonder  drugs"  in  the  late  1940s,  most  notably 
Chloromycetin.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Laura,  a 
son,  a  sister,  two  stepsons,  two  stepdaughters,  and 
eight  grandchildren. 

Luthur  Daniel  Moore  '29  on  June  18, 1990, 
of  heart  failure.  He  was  a  justice  of  the  peace  and 
magistrate  in  Pitt  County,  N.C.  He  is  survived  by  his 
wife,  Ada,  a  daughter,  two  brothers,  and  three  grand- 
children. 


'30ofCharlotte,N.C.,on 
March  8.  He  was  a  civil  engineer  with  Southern  Bell 
Telephone  Co.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Hazel,  two 
sons,  a  daughter,  a  sister,  and  six  grandchildren. 

John  H.  Long  '30  of  Concord,  N.C,  on  April  20. 
He  is  survived  by  his  wife. 

Ola  Virgina  Simpson  '30  on  March  30.  She  was 
a  public  school  teacher  in  Durham  and  had  taught  in 


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THE 

CHAPEL 

CHOIR 


If  you  sang  in  the  Duke  Chapel 
Choir,  but  have  not  been  hearing 
from  us,  please  take  a  moment  to 
send  in  the  form  printed  below  so 
you  can  begin  receiving  our 
newsletter. 

J I       V^H  "  H 

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singers  we  might  not  have  listed, 
please  pass  this  information  on  to 
them. 

Thank  you  for  helping  us 
complete  our  Duke  Chapel  Choir 
"family  tree"! 


CHAPEL  CHOIR  MEMBERS, 
614  CHAPEL  DR.  ANNEX, 
DURHAM,  NC  27706 

PLEASE  ADD  MY  NAME 
TO  THE  CHAPEL  CHOIR 
ALUMNI  ROSTER. 


the  Bethesda  and  Y.E.  Smith  schools.  She  is  survived 
by  her  brother. 

Charles  G.  Brown  '31  on  Oct.  14, 1990.  He  was 
owner  and  operator  ot'C.G.  Brown  Exxon.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Duke  Half  Century  Club.  He  is  survived 
by  his  wife,  Frances,  two  sons,  including  Robert  G. 
Brown  M.D.  '66,  a  stepson,  and  two  grandchildren. 

Fred  Ivan  Walston  '31  of  Warsaw,  N.C.,  on  Jan. 
19,  of  a  stroke.  He  is  survived  by  a  daughter;  a  brother, 
Robert  E.  Walston  '31,  M.Div.  '34;  and  four 
grandchildren. 

James  W.  Brown  A.M.  '32,  B.D.  '33  on  March 
2.  He  served  as  a  pastor  of  churches  throughout  Vir- 
ginia. He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Mary;  three  daugh- 
ters, including  Beverly  Brown  Place  M.R.E. 
'6 1 ;  and  four  grandchildren. 

John  D.  Anderson  Jr.  A.M.  '33  of  N.  Charleston, 
S.C.  He  was  a  retired  manager  of  country  clubs.  He  is 
survived  by  his  wife,  Evelyn,  a  son,  a  daughter,  two 
stepchildren,  a  sister,  four  grandchildren,  and  two 
great-grandchildren. 

William  Forbes  Daniels  '33  of  Cheltenham, 
Md.,  on  Oct  9,  1990,  of  a  heart  attack.  He  is  survived 
by  his  wife,  Lola  Cobb  Daniels  '34,  a  daughter, 
eight  grandchildren,  and  six  great-grandchildren. 

Lois  Foster  Fisher  '33  on  March  23.  She  was  a 
teacher  at  Cleveland  High  School,  Millbrook  High 
School,  and  Needham  B.  Broughton  High  School. 
She  is  survived  by  two  sons,  a  daughter,  a  sister,  a 
brother,  and  seven  grandchildren. 

Joseph  E.  Lyerly  '33  of  Alexandria,  Va.,  on 
March  27,  1990.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Katherine, 
and  brother. 


Joseph  "Sam"  Fretwell  Sr.  '34  of 

Anderson,  S.C,  on  March  9.  He  was  a  past  president 
of  the  Anderson  Board  of  Realtors.  He  was  a  member 
of  Sigma  Phi  Epsilon  fraternity  and  was  president  of 
the  Panhellenic  Association.  He  is  survived  by  his 
wife,  Margaret  Parker  Fretwell  '35,  three 
sons,  a  daughter,  a  brother,  a  sister,  five  grandsons, 
five  granddaughters,  and  a  great-granddaughter. 

John  B.  Lillaston  '34  of  Richmond,  Va.,  on 
April  18. 

C.  Ambrose  Turner  '34  of  Norfolk,  Va.,  on  Nov. 
25,  1990,  of  heart  failure.  He  is  survived  by  his  son. 


T.  Wood  '34  of  Yorktown,  Va.,  on  Jan. 
25,  of  cancer.  He  is  survived  by  a  daughter. 

Willard  A.  Raisley  '35  of  Philadelphia,  Pa.,  on 
Dec.  2,  1990,  from  a  brain  tumor.  He  is  survived  by 
his  wife,  Ruth. 

Robert  R.  Taylor  Jr.  '35  of  San  Antonio,  Texas, 
on  March  27. 

Edgar  F.  Vandivere  Jr.  A.M.  '35  of  Claysburg, 

Pa.,  on  April  2.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Anna 
Vandivere  '31,  A.M.  '33,  and  a  son. 


Benjamin  Carver  Wagner  '35  on  Oct.  19, 
1989.  He  was  a  real  estate  broker  in  Hawaii. 

Walter  Brownlow  West  '35  of  Marietta,  Ga„ 
on  April  3.  While  at  Duke,  he  was  a  member  of  Phi 
Beta  Kappa,  Delta  Sigma  Phi,  Delta  Phi  Alpha,  Phi 
Eta  Sigma,  and  the  varsity  swimming  and  wrestling 
teams.  He  was  an  attorney.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Mildred  Gehman  West  '35;  a  daughter;  and  two 
sisters,  Elizabeth  West  Klutz  '33  and  Cather- 
ine West  Uhrich  '40. 

36  of  Easton,  Md.,  on 


March  10. 

Audrey  Speicher  Byrne  '36  of  Jacksonville, 
Fla.,  on  Aug.  23,  1990.  She  is  survived  by  her  brother, 
George  F.  Speicher  '36,  and  hers 
D.  Byrne  Jr.'59. 


William  G.  Clark  Jr.  '36  of  Gloucester,  Mass., 
on  Nov.  12,  1990.  He  was  an  associate  district  court 
judge  in  Essex  County.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Ruth,  two  daughters,  a  brother,  and  a  grandson. 

Frances  Carlton  Davis  '36  on  April  3.  She  was 

active  in  the  Durham  Art  Guild  and  taught  arts  and 
crafts.  She  was  a  member  of  Epworth  United  Methodist 
Church.  She  is  survived  by  two  daughters  and  four 
grandchildren. 

Howard  R.  Getz  '36  of  Easton,  Pa.,  on  Jan.  28. 
He  was  chairman  of  the  board  of  Nazareth  National 
Bank  and  Trust  Co.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Miriam,  daughters  Carol  Getz  Hollis  '64  and 
Mary  Getz  Young  '7 1 ,  and  four  grandchildren. 

J.  Francis  Litle  '36  of  Zanesville,  Ohio,  on  Sept. 
27,  1990,  of  emphysema.  He  was  a  retired  president 
and  owner  of  the  Holiday  Inn-Zanesville.  He  is  sur- 
vived by  two  sons,  including  David  K.  Litle  '70; 
two  daughters,  including  Mary  V.  Litle  '73;  a 
brother;  two  sisters;  and  four  grandchildren. 

Stephen  S.  Lush  '36  of  Old  Lyme,  Conn. 

Walter  P.  Payne  '36  on  March  1 1,  in  Hartford, 
Conn.  He  was  a  plant  superintendent  for  Uniroyal.  He 
is  survived  by  a  son,  a  daughter,  and  six  grandchildren. 


J.  Smith  '36  of  Pink  Hill,  N.C.,  on  Aug. 
15,  1990,  of  heart  failure.  He  was  a  high  school  sci- 
ence and  math  teacher.  He  is  survived  by  his  son. 

W.  Travis  Smithdeal  Jr.  36  on  March  13  He 
is  survived  by  his  wife,  Charlyne,  three  sons,  and 
seven  grandchildren. 

Mariana  D.  Bagley  '37,  A.M.  '39  of  Philadel- 
phia, Pa.,  on  Aug.  21,  1989,  of  cancer. 

Dorothy  Cole  Cornell  '37  of  Holly  Springs, 
N.C.,onJuly5,  1989. 

John  C.  Fryer  '37  on  April  29,  1988.  He  is  sur- 
vived by  a  daughter. 

Laurence  Grant  Horneffer  '37  on  Feb  12, 

1990.  He  was  comptroller  and  director  of  Trimington 
Brothers  Ltd.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Robin,  two 
sons,  two  daughters,  and  five  grandchildren. 

Robert  G.  Howard  '37  on  Feb.  21.  He  served  in 

the  public  relations  field  for  the  Federal  Reserve  Bank 
in  Richmond,  Va.  He  was  a  member  of  Sigma  Nu 
fraternity.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Theresa,  two 
daughters,  and  a  son. 


H.  Ibbeken  '37  on  Jan.  19,  of  cancer. 
He  was  president  and  owner  of  Hagner,  Inc.,  and  a 
long-time  volunteer  at  Cooper  Hospital-University 
Medical  Center.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Elizabeth, 
three  daughters,  a  son,  and  nine  grandchildren. 

Howard  L.  Reed  M.D.  '37  on  April  2, 1991.  He 
was  the  former  corporate  director  of  the  medical 
department  at  Hercules  Inc.  He  is  survived  by  his 
wife,  Barbara,  two  sons,  three  daughters,  a  brother, 
and  eight  grandchildren. 

Maurice  G.  Bumside  Ph.D.  '38  on  Feb.  2.  He 
was  a  former  U.S.  Congressman  and  assistant  to  for- 
mer Secretary  of  Defense  Robert  McNamara.  He 
served  as  branch  chief  of  the  National  Security 
Agency  and  legislative  representative  for  the  National 
Education  Association.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Evelyn  Pell  Burnside  '35,  a  daughter,  and  two 
granddaughters. 

John  M.  Campbell  '38  on  March  24,  of  cancer. 
He  is  survived  by  his  son,  John  L.  Campbell  '66. 

C.  Fremont  Hall  M.D.  '38  on  Oct.  14, 1990,  of 
cardiac  arrest.  He  was  a  doctor  in  Phoenixville,  Fla., 
and  past  president  of  the  Phoenixville  Hospital  staff. 
He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Angela,  a  son,  and  five 
grandchildren. 


Walter '38  of  Asheville.N.C, 
on  Jan.  8.  She  established  a  gift  annuity  that  will  ben- 
efit the  Class  of  1937  Endowment  Fund.  She  is  sur- 
vived by  her  husband,  Clark  Walter  '37,  a  son,  a 
brother,  two  grandchildren,  and  a  great-grandchild. 

James  M.  Brogan  '39  on  Dec.  1, 1990,  of  a 

stroke.  He  was  a  management  consultant  with  Touche 
Ross  &  Co.  in  New  York  City.  He  is  survived  by  his 
wife,  Elaine;  a  daughter;  two  sons;  a  sister,  Betty  J. 
Brogan  '48;  three  brothers,  including  E.B.  Brogan 
'48;  and  five  grandchildren. 

Harry  Caum  Haines  M.F.  '39  of  Summerville, 
S.C.,onJan.25,  1988. 

James  A.  Leckie  '39  on  March  19.  While  at 
Duke,  he  was  a  member  of  Phi  Beta  Kappa,  Sigma 
Chi,  and  the  cross-country  track  team.  He  is  survived 
by  three  daughters  and  a  brother. 

John  L.  Lentz  '39  on  March  15,  in  Columbia,  S.C 

Hillman  B.  Myres  '39  of  Lakeland,  Fla.,  on  June 
26,  1990. 

William  Trachtenberg  M.D.  39  on  Nov  12, 
1990.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Margaret. 

Hazel  Evans  Blake  '40  on  Sept.  13, 1990,  of 
cardiopulmonary  arrest.  She  taught  reading  in  the 
Syracuse,  Fayetteville-Manlius,  Dryden,  and  Albany 
school  districts.  An  active  outdoors  woman,  she  was  a 
member  of  the  Appalachian  Mountain  Club  and 
climbed  Mount  Washington,  New  Hampshire's  highest 
peak.  She  is  survived  by  her  husband,  Ross,  and  a  son. 

Julian  H.  Lifsey  Jr.  '40  of  Tampa,  Fla.,  on  Sept. 
20,  1989. 

Charles  Kendall  Donegan  '41,  M.D.  '43  on 
Jan.  2,  of  cancer.  He  was  a  founder  and  former  chair  of 
the  Suncoast  chapter  of  the  American  Heart  Associa- 


tion. He  helped  found  the  St.  Petersburg  Medical 
Clinic.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Barbara,  two  sons, 
two  daughters,  his  mother,  and  his  sister,  Mildred 
Donegan  Cole  '45 

P.V.  Kirkman  Jr.  '41  on  March  2.  He  was  an 
officer  of  R.D.  Fowler  Motor  Line,  vice  president  of 
the  Froelich  Co.,  and  an  Army  veteran  of  World  War 
11.  He  is  survived  by  two  sons,  including  Kenneth 
M.  Kirkman  '72;  two  sisters,  including  Dorothy 
Kirkman  Marshall  '34;  and  two  grandchildren. 

D.  Elizabeth  Becker  Latshaw  '41  on  May 

15.  She  is  survived  by  her  husband,  Edwin. 

Addison  Lee  MesserM.D.  '41  of  St.  Peters- 
burg, Fla.,  on  March  29.  He  was  a  physician. 

Donald  R.  Rencken  '41  on  March  23,  of  a  myo- 
cardial infarction.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Irma. 

John  Edward  Wilbourne  '41  on  Aug.  8, 1990, 
of  cancer.  He  was  in  the  furniture  business  in  Dunn, 
N.C.,  and  Lillington  for  nearly  half  a  century.  He  played 
baseball  for  Duke  and  for  a  short  time  with  the  Wash- 
ington Senators.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Avinelle, 
daughter  Sharon  Wilbourne  Canipe  '64,  D.Ed. 
'82,  a  son,  a  brother,  and  three  grandchildren. 

Ruby  Maden  Winchester  '41  on  Dec.  7, 1990, 
of  leukemia.  She  was  a  coordinator  for  legal  entitle- 
ment for  the  welfare  department  in  Georgetown,  Del. 
She  is  survived  by  a  daughter. 

Frances  Lorraine  Crawford  Zimmerman 

'41  on  April  30,  1990,  of  cancer.  She  wrote  Holy 
Word  Food  Store.  She  was  a  member  of  Kappa  Kappa 
Gamma  sorority.  She  is  survived  by  her  husband, 
John,  a  son,  two  daughters,  and  six  grandchildren. 

George  W.  Fraas  '42  on  Nov.  15, 1990,  of  a  heart 
attack.  He  was  a  retired  Metropolitan  Life 


salesman.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Ruth,  a  son,  a 
daughter,  and  three  grandchildren. 

Louis  Samuel  Hoist  M.Ed.  '42  on  Feb.  17, 
1990,  of  heart  failure.  He  is  survived  by  his  daughter. 

Frank  Randolph  Johnston  M.D.  '42  in 

December  1990.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Era. 

L.  Arthur  Minnich  A.M.  '42  on  Feb.  3,  1990.  He 
was  assistant  staff  secretary  at  the  White  House  during 
the  Eisenhower  administration  and  later  served  as 
director  of  the  secretariat  of  the  State  Department's 
U.S.  National  Commission  for  UNESCO.  At  the 
time  of  his  death,  he  was  a  member  of  the  program 
committee  of  the  Eisenhower  World  Affairs  Institute 
in  Washington.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Jane,  four 
children,  a  brother,  and  two  sisters. 

William  R.  Andrews  '43  on  Aug.  21, 1989,  of 
emphysema.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Mary. 

Marjorie  Barber  Covington  '43  on  Feb.  22, 
1989,  of  a  heart  attack.  She  is  survived  by  her  husband, 
James  C.  Covington  '41;  two  daughters,  includ- 
ing Marilyn  Covington  Mears  74;  and  a  son. 

Phi  1 1  is  E.  Egan  '43  of  Pompano  Beach,  Fla.,  on 
Oct.  10,  1990. 

George  Hedley  Jr.  '43  in  Long  Beach,  Calif.  He 
was  a  developet  of  mobile-home  parks.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  Sigma  Alpha  Epsilon  fraternity.  He  is  survived 
by  his  wife,  Mary  Lou,  three  sons,  a  daughter,  three 
stepsons,  and  nine  grandchildren. 

Robert  M.  Russell  '43,  M.D.  '45  on  Dec.  8, 1990. 
He  was  an  ophthalmologist  with  Hagerstown  Eye 
Specialist  in  Maryland.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Barbara;  a  daughter,  Nancy  Russell  Shaw  '70, 
J.D.  '.73;  a  son,  Robert  M.  Russell  Jr.  '80;  a  step- 
son; a  sister;  and  three  grandchildren. 


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December  1990. 


'43  of  Verona,  Va.,  in 


i.S.M.E.'44onSept.5,  1990. 
He  was  president  of  the  Hugo  Bosca  Co.  He  is  sur- 
vived by  his  wife,  Marie,  and  two  sons,  including 
Christopher  B.  Bosca  MBA.  '86. 


LuxemR.N.'44ofWheatc 
111.,  on  March  27.  She  is  survived  by  two  sons,  a 
brother,  a  sister,  two  grandchildren,  and  one  great- 
grandchild. 


'44  of  Troutville,  Va.,  on  March 
1 1 .  He  was  a  retired  health  officer  for  Botetourt 
County.  He  is  survived  by  his  son,  his  daughter,  and 
four  grandchildren. 

John  Clyde  Beal  LL.B.  '45  on  Feb.  23, 1989.  He 
is  survived  by  his  son. 

Joseph  Osbourne  Lee  '45  on  Jan.  6.  He  was  a 
retired  furniture  representative.  He  is  survived  by  his 
mother,  a  son,  a  daughter,  and  a  brother. 


Mary  Sue  I 

1990.  She  is  s 


ler  Kaeser  R.N.  '46  on  Nov.  24, 
ved  by  three  daughters. 


Leo  John  Pasquinelli  '46  on  Feb.  25, 1990.  He 
was  a  mechanical  engineer  involved  in  aerospace  for 
40  years  with  Glen  L.  Martin  Co.  and  General  Elec- 
tric. He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Naomi,  a  son,  two 
daughters,  a  brother,  a  sister,  and  four  grandchildren. 


Howard  C.  Cook  '47  on  Oct.  21,  1988,  of  cancer. 
He  worked  in  sales  for  ALCOA.  He  is  survived  by  his 
wife,  Claire,  a  daughter,  a  brother,  and  three  grand- 
children. 

Charles  E.  Inman  '47,  M.D.  '51,  of  hepatitis.  He 
was  a  family  practitioner  and  was  instrumental  in  the 
formation  of  Robeson  Health  Care  Corp.  He  is  sur- 
vived by  his  wife,  Mary  Lou,  two  daughters,  two  sons, 
three  sisters,  and  eight  grandchildren. 


Whitfield  Vick  '47  on  April  19  in 
Durham.  He  was  a  statistician  for  the  N.C.  Bureau  of 
Employment  Security  Research.  He  is  survived  by  his 
wife,  Lois,  a  son,  two  brothers,  and  two  sisters,  includ- 
ing Sue  Vick  McCown  J.D.  '50. 


H.  Blackard  '48,  M.D.  '53  on 
Jan.  3.  He  is  survived  by  his  cousin,  E.  Blackard 


T.  Emmet  Walsh  J.D.  '48  on  Sept.  30, 1990.  He 
is  survived  by  his  wife,  Mary,  and  his  three  sons, 

including  William  E.  Walsh  71 

Eloise  S.  Krauss  '50  on  Nov.  6, 1989,  of 
cancer.  She  is  survived  by  her  husband,  Edward 
Krauss  '49. 

John  T.  Stratton  '50  on  March  16,  of  liver  dis- 
ease. He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Beverly,  and  a  son. 


Edward  Hyatt  '51  of  Pilot  Mountain,  N.C.  He 
was  an  occupation  analyst. 


L.  Query  '5 1  on  July  24,  1990.  He  was  vice 
president  of  Charleston  Donut  Inc.  He  is  survived  by. 
his  wife,  Carolyn;  two  sons;  two  daughters;  three  step- 
sons; two  brothers,  including  Robert  Z.  Query 

M.D.  '34;  two  sisters;  and  eight  grandchildren. 

Paul  K.  Vonk  Ph.D.  '51  on  March  15,  1990.  He 
taught  philosophy  at  the  Florida  Southern  University 
branch  in  Port  Charlotte  and  was  a  mediator  in  the 
courts  of  Charlotte  and  Lee  counties.  He  was  a 
member  of  Rotary  and  a  Paul  Harris  fellow.  He  is 
survived  by  his  wife,  Carita,  two  children,  and  three 
grandchildren. 

Edwin  Atwater  Hackney  52,  B.D.  55  on 
March  25.  He  was  a  pastor  of  Bethel  and  Oak  Forest 
churches  and  a  missionary  in  India.  He  is  survived  by 
his  wife,  Faye,  four  sons,  two  brothers,  two  sisters,  and 
seven  grandchildren. 


'52  on  Dec.  2,  1990,  of  pneu- 
monia. She  was  a  professor  of  biology  and  assistant 
dean  of  the  College  of  Liberal  Arts  at  the  University 
of  Mississippi.  She  is  survived  by  her  husband, 
Douglas  C.  McClurkin  M.F.  '50,  Ph.D. '53,  two 
daughters,  a  son,  and  two  granddaughters. 

William  Edward  McGough  M.D.  56  of  Jack 

son  Heights,  N.Y. 


DUKE  CLASSIFIEDS 


RESORTS/TRAVEL 


ARROWHEAD  INN,  Durham's  country  bed  and 
breakfast.  Restored  1775  plantation  on  four  rural 
acres.  Written  up  in  USA  Today ,  Food  &  Wine. 
106  Mason  Rd.,  27712.  (919)477-8430. 

LONDON.  My  delightful  studio  apartment  near 
Marble  Arch  is  available  for  short  or  long  term  rental. 
Elisabeth  J.  Fox,  M.D.,  901  Greenwood  Rd.,  Chapel 
Hill,  NC  27514.  (919)  929-3194. 

ST.  JOHN.  Two  bedrooms,  two  baths,  full  kitchen, 
cable  TV,  pool.  Covered  deck  with  spectacular  view 
of  Caribbean.  Quiet  elegance.  Off-season  rates.  (508) 
668-2078, 

m 


THE  OLD  NORTH  DURHAM  INN,  an  intimate 
bed  and  breakfast  less  than  a  mile  from  Duke,  offering 
turn-of-the-century  charm,  comfortable  lodging,  and 
hearty  breakfasts.  922  N.  Mangum  St.,  27701.  (919) 
683-1885. 

Florida  Keys,  Big  Pine  Key.  Fantastic  open  water  view, 
Key  Deer  Refuge,  National  Bird  Sanctuary,  stilt  house, 
3/2,  screened  porches,  fully  furnished,  stained  glass 
windows,  swimming,  diving,  fishing,  boat  basin.  Non- 
smokers.  (305)  665-3832. 

32 


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bedroom,  three-bathroom  villa  overlooking  Shoal 
Bay  beach.  Great  beaches,  snorkeling,  restaurants 
nearby.  $180-$300/day.  Molly  Goodnow  '58,  (603) 
352-7568. 

KITTY  HAWK,  NC.  Four-bedroom,  two-bath  home 
one  block  from  private  beach.  Two  queen,  four  twin, 
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equipped.  New  decor.  Reasonable  rates  for  offseason. 
Book  1992  season  early.  Call  owner,  (703)  459-4663. 

VAIL,  COLORADO.  Luxurious  four-level  town- 
home,  four  bedrooms,  three  baths,  sunroom,  two  sun- 
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1 74  ACRES.  North  Carolina,  Lake  Fontana,  Robbins- 
ville.  Paved  frontage,  power,  springs,  branch,  wooded, 
beautiful,  develop,  bargain  $149,000.  Phone  (813) 
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NC  SANDHILLS  AREA.  Energy  efficient,  three- 
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A  secured,  private  community  includes  golf,  tennis, 
and  stables.  $124,000.  (919)  967-4416. 


MISCELLANEOUS 


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with  a  special  Sports  Lover's  subscription  to  The 
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J.  Truman  '56  on  July  12,  1990.  She  is 
survived  by  her  mother,  two  sons,  and  a  sister. 

Nancy  C.  Fox  '58  of  Lexington,  S.C.,  on  Jan.  6, 


Joy  Lowe  Hankins  B.S.N.  '58  on  March  29.  She 
was  employed  at  Tulane  Medical  Center.  She  is  sur- 
vived by  her  husband,  Robert  W.  Hankins 

B.S.E.E.  '58,  a  son,  three  daughters,  her  mother,  a 
brother,  a  sister,  and  a  grandson. 

Robert  Eugene  Hord  '58  on  April  26.  He  was  a 
former  president  of  Gimco  International  of  Monroe, 
and  a  retired  lieutenant  colonel  of  the  N.C.  Air  Na- 
tional Guard.  While  at  Duke,  he  was  a  member  of  the 
varsity  football  and  baseball  teams.  He  is  survived  by 
his  wife,  Elizabeth,  a  son,  three  daughters,  his  mother, 
two  brothers,  a  sister,  and  two  grandchildren. 


M.D. '58  on  March  15, 
of  cancer.  He  was  the  first  neurosurgeon  in  High 
Point,  N.C.  He  co-chaired  the  capital  campaign  for 
the  building  of  the  new  High  Point  Regional  Hospi- 
tal. He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Billie  Sue,  three  daugh- 
ters, a  son,  his  mother,  and  two  sisters. 

Harold  Glenn  Peden  M.Div.  "58  on  Jan.  8,  of 
cancer.  He  was  a  retired  United  Methodist  minister. 
He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Louise,  a  daughter,  two 
brothers,  and  two  sisters. 

Robert  Cleveland  Kirkman  '61  on  Sept.  18, 
1990.  After  serving  as  a  lieutenant  in  the  U.S.  Air 
Force,  he  was  vice  president  of  Wall  Trucking  Co.  He 
is  survived  by  his  wife,  Fredericka;  a  daughter, 
Melissa  Munday  Kirkman  '93;  a  son;  two 
brothers,  including  Kenneth  M.  Kirkman  72; 
and  a  grandson. 


Roy  Schmickel  M.D.  '61  of  Stone  Mountain, 
Ga.,  on  April  25.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Lota 
Brian  Schmickel  '59. 


.S.N. '63  of  Sparks,  Md., 
on  Sept.  10, 1990,  of  cancer.  She  was  a  psychologist ; 
Baltimore's  Kennedy  In 


L.  Johnson '63,  J.D. '66  on  June  5, 1990, 
of  an  aneurysm.  He  is  survived  by  a  son,  a  daughter,  a 
brother,  and  two  grandchildren. 

John  N.  Williamson  '64  on  Jan.  1,  of  cancer.  He 
was  senior  vice  president  of  Wilson  Learning  Corp.  in 
Eden  Prairie,  Minn.  He  graduated  Phi  Beta  Kappa.  He 
is  survived  by  his  wife,  Andrea,  a  daughter,  and  a 
brother. 

George  L.  Kline  M.D.  '66  on  March  16.  He  was  a 
physician.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Jerry,  a  daughter, 
three  sons,  his  mother,  a  sister,  and  a  brother. 


Kupfer  Page  A.M.  '66  on  Feb.  9.  She 
taught  science  at  Wilson  (N.C.)  Elementary  School. 
She  is  survived  by  her  husband,  Dennis,  two  daugh- 
ters, two  sons,  her  mother,  a  brother,  and  a  sister. 


Hollister  M.D.  '67  of  Lake  Oswego, 
Ore.,  on  Feb.  3.  He  was  a  physician  at  the  Oregon 
Health  Sciences  University  in  Portland,  Ore. 


C.  Berry  D.Ed.  70  on  March  26.  He  was 
a  member  of  the  faculty  at  the  University  of  Virginia. 
He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Nancy,  two  sons,  his  mother, 
two  brothers,  and  a  sister. 


C.  Hutchens  70  on  Dec.  31,  1990,  from 
of  burns  received  in  an  industrial  acci- 
dent. He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Deborah,  his  parents, 
and  a  brother,  Joseph  L.  Hutchens  72. 

Maurice  L.  "Pete"  Jenks  J.D.  70  on  March  3, 
in  an  airplane  crash.  He  was  an  assistant  Jefferson 
County,  Colo.,  attorney  and  former  geologist.  He  is 
survived  by  his  wife,  Anne,  a  daughter,  a  son,  his 
mother,  and  a  sister. 


Marilyn  Bohl  McCreary  75,  M.S.  77  of 
Columbus,  Ohio.  She  is  survived  by  her  husband, 
Charles  H.  McCreary  III  75 

Mark  Allen  Richard  76  on  May  10, 1990.  He 
worked  briefly  for  Duke's  music  department  before 
moving  to  Oregon  to  work  with  the  Jesuit  Volunteer 
Corps.  He  earned  his  law  degree  from  San  Francisco's 
Hastings  College  of  Law.  A  legal  writer,  he  was  man- 
aging editor  of  D W[  Journal.  He  is  survived  by  his 
parents  and  a  brother. 

Edward  Eugene  Cerda  M.B.A.  '82  on  Feb.  1. 

He  was  senior  marketing  engineer  for  the  Satellite 
Transmission  Systems.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Alicia,  two  daughters,  his  father,  and  a  sister. 

Alan  Otis  Shealy  '82  on  April  8.  He  was  a  Navy 
flight  officer  assigned  as  a  fleet  exercise  planner  for 
the  U.S.  6th  Fleet  in  Gaeta. 


on  May  1 .  She  was  a 
private  school  substitute  teacher  and  writer.  She  is 
survived  by  her  parents,  Roy  B.  Saloman  '59  anc 
Deborah  Berney  Saloman  '60;  a  sister;  a 

brother;  and  her  grandmother. 


M.E.M. '85  on  Nov.  1,1990.  He 
was  an  environmental  scientist  in  Washington,  D.C. 
He  is  survived  by  his  mother,  his  father,  and  three 
brothers. 

Palma  Mae  Austin  M.B.A.  '86  on  Sept.  17, 
1989,  in  a  car  accident  in  Wilkes  County,  N.C. 

Professor  Krigbaum 

Professor  Emeritus  William  R.  Krigbaum,  known 
for  his  contributions  in  the  field  of  chemistry,  died 
May  14  of  the  neurological  degenerative  disease  ALS, 
also  known  as  Lou  Gehrig's  disease.  He  was  68. 

Krigbaum,  a  James  B.  Duke  Professor  of  chemistry, 
taught  at  Duke  from  1953  until  he  retired  in  1989. 
His  research  on  the  properties  and  behavior  of  poly- 
mers was  a  major  influence  on  both  experimental  and 
theoretical  polymer  chemistry. 

In  recognition  of  his  contribution,  Krigbaum  re- 
ceived the  1989  American  Chemical  Society  Award 
in  Polymer  Chemistry,  an  international  award  pre- 
sented to  individuals  with  extraordinary  accomplish- 
ments in  the  field  of  study. 

Krigbaum,  who  chaired  Duke's  chemistry  depart- 
ment, conducted  investigations  in  areas  such  as 
synthetic  rubber  and  the  elasticity  and  structure  of 
polymers. 

He  earned  his  bachelor  of  science  degree  from 
James  Miliken  University  in  Decatur,  111.,  in  1944  and 
both  his  master's  and  his  Ph.D.  from  the  University  of 
Illinois. 

He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Esther,  three  daughters, 
and  a  sister. 

Law  Dean  O'Neal 

F.  Hodge  O'Neal,  former  dean  of  the  Duke  Law 
School  and  James  B.  Duke  Professor  from  1971  to 
1976,  died  January  20,  in  Sarasota,  Florida,  of  compli- 
cations following  heart  surgery. 

O'Neal  joined  the  faculty  of  Washington  Univer- 
sity in  St.  Louis  as  George  Alexander  Madill  Professor 
of  Law  in  1977,  was  dean  from  1980  to  1985,  and 
retired  in  1988. 

He  earned  his  undergraduate  and  law  degrees  from 
Louisiana  State  University  and  advanced  law  degrees 
from  both  Harvard  and  Yale.  Besides  Duke  and  Wash- 
ington University,  O'Neal  taught  at  the  University  of 
Mississippi,  Vanderbilt,  and  at  Mercer,  where  he  also 
served  as  dean.  He  held  visiting  professorships  at  New 
York  University,  Michigan,  Florida,  and  the  Univer- 
sity of  the  Pacific.  He  practiced  law  in  New  York  City 
in  1941-42  and  served  in  the  U.S.  Navy  from  1942  to 
1945. 

He  is  survived  by  four  daughters,  two  sons,  including 
F.  Hodge  O'Neal  III  L  '63,  and  five  grandchil- 
dren. 


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Duke  history  through  the  pages  of  the  Alumni 
Register 


A  HINT  OF 
HITLER 


Dr.  Clement  Vollmer,  professor  of 
German  at  Duke,  accompanied  by 
Mrs.  Vollmer,  spent  the  entire 
summer  in  Germany.  ...  Dr.  Vollmer 
says  that  he  found  Germany  in  a  well  orga- 
nized condition.  There  was  little  appearance 
of  the  depression.  Although  Germany  has 
an  army  of  5  million  unemployed,  very  little 
evidence  of  it  appeared  on  the  street.  Un- 
employment Aid  Insurance  is  very  well 
organized  and  the  government  puts  the  un- 
employed to  work  as  fast  as  possible.  .  .  . 

The  Hitlerites  seem  to  be  exciting  the 
young  people  of  Germany,  particularly  those 
who  feel  that  Germany  ought  to  recover 
faster  than  she  is  recovering.  But  at  the 
slightest  sign  of  disorder  on  their  part,  the 
government  puts  a  stop  to  it.  Hitlerite 
newspapers  are  suspended  the  instant  they 
suggest  revolution.  The  same  treatment  is 
accorded  the  communists,  who  compose  the 
lowest  element  of  the  larger  cities. 

Professor  Vollmer  talked  with  several 
members  of  the  German  government.  From 
each  of  these  he  received  the  same  reply  to 
his  question  as  to  Germany's  future.  "If  the 
Allies  can  see  their  way  clear  to  easing  up 
on  the  financial  demands,  Germany  can 
keep  its  house  in  order.  There  is  no  danger 
of  an  overturn  if  the  financial  burdens  are 
not  made  so  great  as  to  enslave  the  people." 
—October  1931 


AMATEUR 

NIGHT 

Every  Sunday  night  around  7:30,  more 
than  1,500  of  the  3,500  students  on 
the  Duke  campuses  pour  eastward 
toward  the  Woman's  College  auditorium 
for  the  weekly  Campus  Sing. 

Dating  couples,  dateless  freshmen,  faculty 
members,  and  football  players  join  a  hun- 
dred or  so  high  school  students  and  towns- 
people, crowding  into  the  big-domed  Geor- 
gian structure.  .  .  .  Led  by  student  directors 

3~4 


Wheeling  west,  supporting  the  bus 

Virginia:  strike,  or  die  result  of  a 

This  Forties  campaign  bet?  Though 

folly  needs  clarifka-  he  may  have  swept  her 

tion.  Is  this  a  fraternity  off  her  feet,  she  still  has 

prank,  a  fashion  victim  him'  over  a  'barrow. 


representing  almost  every  organization  on 
the  campus,  the  group  joins  in  singing  old 
standbys,  hymns,  classics,  and  the  latest  hits. 
Student  talent,  offering  its  services  for  the 
sheer  love  of  it,  presents  such  varied  acts 
as  mouth  harp  concerts,  imitations,  and 
selections  on  the  xylophone. 

Originated  by  a  group  of  four  members  of 
the  Class  of  1936  who  enjoyed  the  weekly 
summer  school  singing  bees,  the  first  Cam- 
pus Sings  were  held  on  the  East  Duke  lawn. 
Arthur  Dowling,  now  a  Duke  graduate  stu- 
dent and  instructor  in  English;  Arthur 
Bradsher,  Duke  hospital  intern;  Joe  Burke, 


now  an  arranger  with  Charlie  Spivak's  band; 
and  Bill  Sellers  directed  the  sings  that  year, 
which  drew  the  then-fabulous  crowd  of 
300.  With  the  coming  of  cold  weather,  the 
singers  moved  into  the  auditorium;  there 
the  crowds  have  met  ever  since.  .  .  . 

Sing  crowds  have  never  been  noted  for 
their  conservatism  or  politeness;  if  an  act 
is  good,  they  raise  the  roof  in  commending 
it;  if  it  is  a  trifle  on  the  weak  side,  they  give 
vent  to  the  usual  boos  and  hisses,  some- 
times even  walking  out  on  the  hapless  artist. 
— November  1941 


ALLEN  BUILDING 
BORN 


Contracts  for  the  construction  of  the 
new  Administration  and  Classroom 
Building,  one  of  the  major  objectives 
of  the  development  campaign,  were  let  this 
month.  Total  cost  of  the  new  structure,  for 
which  ground  has  already  been  broken,  is 
to  be  $1,758,000.  .  .  . 

The  new.  .  .building  is  to  be  erected 
on  the  long  empty  corner  of  the  intersect- 
ing main  quadrangles  of  West  Campus,  di- 
rectly across  from  the  General  Library  on 
one  side  and  Few  Dormitory  Quadrangle 
on  the  other.  It  will,  therefore,  be  of  the 
traditional  Gothic  design,  the  only  building 
erected  in  this  pattern  since  before  World 
War  II,  with  the  exception  of  the  library 
annex. 

Duke's  students,  in  particular,  are  look- 
ing forward  to  the  completion  of  the  struc- 
ture. It  will  not  only  alleviate  a  shortage  of 
classroom  space  on  the  campus,  but  it  will 
free  the  present  Administration  Building, 
originally  designated  as  temporary  quar- 
ters. .  .,  for  remodeling  as  a  long-desired 
Student  Activities  Center.  .  .  . 

Another  favorable  aspect  of  the  build- 
ing, scheduled  for  completion  in  about  fif- 
teen months,  is  the  additional  space  it  will 
provide  for  offices  for  the  teaching  staff. — 
October  1951 


KISSINGER  ON 
COMMUNISTS 

If  the  Communists  were  to  obtain  con- 
trol of  Berlin,  then  "all  over  the  world 
there  would  be  the  feeling  that  to  rely 
on  us  is  fatal,"  said  Dr.  Henry  A.  Kissinger, 
special  consultant  to  President  Kennedy  on 
weapons  systems  and  director  of  defense 
studies  at  Harvard  University. 

Kissinger  spoke  on  the  campus  during 
October  on  "Issues  of  Foreign  Policy."  He 
stated,  however,  that  Russia's  real  objective 
is  not  to  obtain  control  of  Berlin,  but  rather 
to  separate  Germany  from  her  Western 
allies. 

If  Germany  became  a  neutral  nation, 
then  it  is  quite  possible  that  the  most 
important  part  of  the  free  world's  policy 
since  World  War  II,  the  unification  of 
Western  Europe  and,  ultimately,  of  the  At- 
lantic community  of  nations,  would  be  des- 
troyed. But  a  comforting  thought  offered 
by  Kissinger  was  that  "We  don't  have  all  of 
the  problems  and  they  do." 

For  example,  the  Russians  have  never 
solved  the  problem  of  power  succession.  If 
Krushchev    died,    then    years   of   intense 


power  struggles  would  ensue  before  some- 
one emerged  to  replace  him.  Russia  also 
finds  it  difficult  to  work  with  other  com- 
munist governments  if  that  government  is 
outside  its  control. 

Finally,  Kissinger  said  that  if  the  free 
world  creates  a  dynamic  structure  of  inter- 
nationalism, then  in  the  future  the  world's 
uncommitted  nations  might  very  well  copy 
us  rather  than  the  "slave  societies." — 
November  1961 


A  GIFT  FROM 

THE  POPE 

A  facsimile  copy  of  the  Codex  Vati- 
canus,  a  fourth-century  Greek 
manuscript  of  the  Old  and  New 
Testaments,  was  presented  to  the  university 
in  September  as  a  gift  from  Pope  Paul  VI. 
The  Codex,  one  of  the  most  valuable  of  the 
ancient  manuscripts  in  the  Vatican  library, 
is  considered  the  most  important  extant 
text  for  the  study  of  the  Greek  scriptures. 
The  copy  presented  to  Duke  is  the  third 
edition  to  reproduce  the  Codex  in  a  photo- 
graphic facsimile,  and  the  first  to  reproduce 
it  in  color. 


^Bf  cheerleaders  put 
on  the  pep  at  a  pre- 
kickoff  rally  for  Home- 
coming 1961.  But  the 
rains  came,  wetting 
some  alumni  but  not 
dampening  the  spirits 
of  Blue  Devil  gridiron 
groupies.  However,  the 


pigskin  was  Teflonic, 
the  game  was  lost,  and 
there  was  no  joy  in 
Mudville — except  for 
Sigma  Nu,  which  won 
the  display  competition, 
Giles  House,  which  won 
the  skit  competition, 
and  Delia  Chamberlain, 
who  was  chosen  Home- 
Queen. 


The  gift  resulted  from  a  visit  to  Duke  last 
May  by  Father  Roberto  Tucci,  editor  of  the 
official  Roman  Catholic  magazine  La  Civilta 
Cattolica  and  head  of  the  Jesuit  Press  and 
Information  Bureau  in  Rome.  While  Father 
Tucci  was  at  Duke  to  deliver  a  speech, 
University  Chaplain  Howard  Wilkinson 
mentioned  to  him  Duke's  aspirations  to  ob- 
tain a  copy  of  the  Codex. 

When  he  returned  to  the  Vatican, 
Father  Tucci  informed  Pope  Paul  of  the 
university's  wish  for  a  copy,  and  the  Pon- 
tiff presented  the  gift  as  a  gesture  of  appre- 
ciation for  the  hospitality  shown  to  Father 
Tucci.  .  .  .  The  copy  will  be  kept  in  the 
Rare  Book  Room  of  Perkins  Library.  .  .  . 

The  original  manuscript  is  written  on 
sheets  of  a  fine  vellum,  believed  to  be  ante- 
lope skin,  each  page  bearing  three  columns 
of  more  than  forty  lines.  It  is  thought  to 
have  been  written  in  Egypt,  but  the  history 
of  the  Codex  from  the  time  of  its  produc- 
tion until  its  entry  into  the  Vatican  [in 
1481]  is  a  mystery. — November  1971 


SOUTHERN 
EXPOSURES 

Security  guards  stand  along  the  paths 
of  the  Sarah  P.  Duke  Memorial 
Gardens  to  make  sure  no  uninvited 
guests  disturb  the  wedding  ceremony  in 
the  pergola.  This  is  not  standard  procedure 
for  weddings  in  the  gardens,  but  then  this 
is  no  ordinary  wedding. 

The  bride  is  Natalie  Wood  and  the  bride- 
groom is  Christopher  Walken.  The  two 
are  starring.  .  .  in  Brainstorm,  an  MGM 
film  directed  by  Douglas  Trumbull,  who 
won  Academy  Awards  for  special  effects  in 
Close  Encounters  of  the  Third  Kind  and  2001 : 
A  Space  Odyssey. 

The  wedding  is  just  one  of  several 
scenes  filmed  at  Duke  in  October.  Others 
were  shot  in  the  Chapel  and  the  medical 
center's  hyperbaric  chamber  and  north 
division.  .  .  . 

Jake  Phelps,  university  union  director, 
says  that  Duke  received  $6,000  from 
MGM  for  the  use  of  the  campus.  .  .  .  The 
real  benefit  to  Duke,  says  Phelps,  is  the 
publicity  it  receives  by  being  in  the  movie. 
The  script  was  written  around  Duke  and 
the  university's  real  name  is  used.  Another 
benefit  is  the  contacts  and  experience 
received  by  students  interested  in  the  film 
industry,  he  says.   .   .  . 

Some  of  the  extras  were  Duke  drama 
students.  Phelps  says  they  were  paid 
"something  like  $5  an  hour." — November- 
December  1981 


For  The  Best 
In  Retirement  Living 

Gracious  Living 

Cottages  and  apartments,  8  floor- 
plans,  porches,  bay  windows,  dens. 
Lovely  dining  and  club  rooms,  indoor 
pool.  Housekeeping,  transportation, 
much  more!  Entry  fee  plus  monthly 
service  fee.  Opening  mid- 1992. 

Excellent  Location 

Site  has  42  acres,  walking  trails, 
pond,  historic  barn,  yet  is  walking 
distance  to  mall,  shops.  Duke  campus 
is  less  than  two  miles  away. 

The  Life  Care  Advantage  — 

Ends  worries  about  nursing  care 
costs  and  availability.  Care  will  be 
provided  on-site,  in  affiliation  with 
Duke  University  Medical  Center. 

Please  call  or  write  for  details: 


3600-C  University  Drive 

Durham,  North  Carolina  27707 

(919)490-8000 


DUKE  FORUM 


RESPECT  AND 
CORRECT 


Editors: 

The  April-May  issue  was  of  special  in- 
terest to  me  for  two  reasons:  the  announce- 
ment of  Bill  Griffith's  retirement  as  vice 
president  for  student  affairs,  and  the  "Class 
Notes"  report  of  the  recognition  accorded 
to  my  colleague,  Johnny  Hill  '58,  who  was 
named  "Miami  University  Effective  Educa- 
tor for  1990." 

When  Bill  was  director  of  the  Union,  he 
also  managed  the  movie  theater  (Page 
Auditorium),  where  I  worked  for  him  as  a 
projectionist.  As  the  adviser  to  a  number 
of  student  organizations,  he  was  of  great 
help  to  me  when  I  edited  the  YMCA  Fresh- 
man Handbook  and  the  Student  Directory. 
Bill  has  served  Duke  well  and  has  earned 
the  respect  of  all  who  know  him.  I  wish 
him  well. 

Having  been  associated  with  Johnny  Hill 
for  many  years,  I  know  that  he  would  not 
raise  a  ruckus  about  the  improper  way  in 
which  you  have  identified  our  institution. 
It  is  not  Miami  University  of  Ohio,  but 
simply  Miami  University,  as  it  has  been 
known  since  its  founding  in  1809.  If  we 
were  to  follow  your  lead,  the  "other" 
Miami  would  be  identified  as  the  Universi- 
ty of  Miami  of  Florida.  As  a  best-selling  T- 
shirt  proclaims,  "Miami  is  in  Ohio, 
Dammit!",  but  Ohio  is  not  in  its  name. 

Donald  N.Nelson '57 
Oxford,  Ohio 

The  writer  is  director  of  international  educa- 
tion services  at  Miami  (but  we  thought  Oxford 
was  in  England). 


PUBLISH  OR 
PERISH? 


To  the  Duke  alumni: 

It  is  difficult  for  you  to  find  out  what  is 
happening  at  Duke  and  to  discover  our 
thinking — not  just  from  the  president, 
whose  recent  letter  to  you  had  not  even 
been  discussed  by  the  faculty.  I  hope  you 
care.  We  certainly  need  your  help. 

Recently  I  wrote  an  article  titled  "What 


Duke  Can  Be."  This  magazine  refused  to 
publish  it.  The  Duke  Dialogue  did  agree  to 
publish  it — cut  in  half.  It  says,  "Where 
should  Duke  go?  Duke's  serious  troubles 
continue,  but  at  least  our  community  of 
scholars  is  beginning  to  emerge  as  a  serious 
group,  represented  by  the  Academic  Coun- 
cil and  insisting  that  the  Duke  constitution- 
al agreement  regarding  its  authority  must 
happen.  Given  that  process,  what  substance 
shall  we  pursue?" 

Given  this  administration's  tight  restric- 
tion of  faculty  communication  to  you — no 
shared  funding! — the  best  I  can  do  is  offer  to 
send  you  a  copy  of  this  article,  "What  Duke 
Can  Be,"  if  you  will  send  me  a  regular  let- 
ter-size envelope  with  your  address  and  a 
stamp  on  it.  I  will  pay  for  the  Xeroxing. 

Otherwise,  I  appeal  to  you  to  convey 
your  thinking  publicly  to  the  Duke  commu- 
nity, not  just  by  private  letters  to  the  presi- 
dent. You  can  be  sure  professors  will  pay 
attention  to  what  you  think. 

James  David  Barber 
Durham,  North  Carolina 

The  writer  is  a  James  B.  Duke  Professor  of 
Political  Science.  Duke  Magazine  publishes 
opinion  pieces  only  in  the  "Forum"  section, 
which  has  a  500-word  limit.  Barber  declined 
to  cut  his  piece  to  meet  our  criteria. 


Editor: 

Congratulations  to  you  on  your  having 
the  editorial  courage  to  print  the  letter 
[June-July  1991  "Forum"]  from  Paul  Ellen- 
bogen  stating  that  President  Brodie's  letter 
of  April  1991  to  all  alumni  (endorsing  the 
current  "Duke's  Vision")  is  basically  a 
bunch  of  tripe. 

I  agree  with  Mr.  Ellenbogen,  but  never 
expected  that  you  would  dare  to  publish  a 
letter  taking  issue  so  sharply  with  the  pres- 
ident of  Duke. 

Again,  I  admire  your  editorial  integrity. 
You  will  have  my  sympathy  and  best  wish- 
es after  President  Brodie  finishes  cutting 
your  ears  off. 

George  B.  Johnson  '26 
Buffalo,  Wyoming 

We're  always  listening  for  different  points  of 
view — and  our  ears  are  in  fine  shape. 


DUKE  DIRECTIONS 


PLAYING  THE 


AGING  GAME 


I  don't  resist  when  they  push  me 
around,  and  call  me  "Pops,"  and  tell 
me  to  sing.  I  don't  even  resist  when 
they  make  me  sit  on  a  bedpan.  M31 
vision  is  blurred,  and  I  can't  hear 
very  well.  So  I  don't  know  the  nurses 
are  coming  until  all  of  a  sudden 
they're  here,  one  on  each  side, 
strong  hands  under  my  arms. 

"One,  two,  three,  lift!"  They  hoist  me  up 

and  slip  the  hard  plastic  dish  under  my  buttocks. 

But  I  do  resist  when  they  pour  water  in  my 

mouth.  I  cough  and  try  to  push  the  cup  away. 

"Get  a  restraint,"  one  says  to  the  other. 

"Would  you  get  a  restraint?" 

They  strap  me  to  my  wheelchair,  and  then  I 
can't  resist  anymore. 

For  the  past  six  years  every  Duke  medical 
student  has  been  blinded  and  deafened, 
force-fed,  and  abandoned  for  at  least  a  few 
minutes.  It's  all  part  of  the  Aging  Game, 
the  university's  pioneering  attempt  to  make 
future  doctors  see  through  the  eyes  of 
elderly  patients. 

"For  the  most  part,  medical  students — 
being  young,  healthy  people — don't  have 
the  chance  to  empathize  with  frail,  elderly 
people,"  says  Harvey  J.  Cohen,  director  of 
the  Duke  Center  for  the  Study  of  Aging 
and  Human  Development.  "Not  only  is  it 
a  problem  for  them  to  identify  with  frail, 
older  people,  it's  a  problem  for  them  to 
identify  with  patients  of  any  sort.  We 
would  just  as  soon  that  people  not  have  to 
get  sick  to  develop  that  empathy." 

Recent  surveys,  Cohen  says,  have  shown 
Duke  medical  students  remember  the  game 
for  years  afterward.  "It's  incredible  how  emo- 
tional people  become,"  he  says.  "We've 
had  people  cry." 

Duke  developed  the  game  based  on  a 
similar  exercise  run  by  nurses  at  an  Alaba- 
ma Veterans  Administration  hospital.  In- 
spired by  Duke's  success,  other  medica 
schools  are  starting  aging  games  of  their 
own. 

All  students  in  Duke  Medical  School 
must  enroll  in  the  one-day  course  at  the 
start  of  their  second  year,  the  year  when 
they  have  their  first  contact  with  rea 
patients.  The  course  is  also  part  of  the  uni 


THROUGH  THE  EYES 
OF  THE 
ELDERLY 

BY  LAIRD  HARRISON 


For  the  most  part, 

medical  students  don't 

have  the  chance  to 

empathize  with  frail, 

elderly  people. 

A  day-long  course  gives 

them  that  chance. 


versity's  Geriatric  Education  Center,  which 
draws  health-care  professionals  from  around 
the  country  for  special  seminars.  Some- 
times journalists  can  play,  too. 

When  the  game  starts,  I  find  I'm  ninety- 
eight  years  old.  That's  what  the  name  tag  on 
the  table  in  front  of  me  says .  In  a  single  leap  I 
have  gained  seventy  years  and  become  the  old- 
est person  in  the  room. 

Across  from  me  at  my  table,  a  woman  is 
complaining  that  she's  ninety-two.  She  jokes 
about  going  to  sit  in  another  chair.  Maybe  she 
could  find  a  name  tag  that  would  make  her  as 
young  as  seventy. 

Beside  the  name  tags  at  each  table,  there 
are  three  blue  poker  chips,  three  white  poker 
chips,  three  blank  cards,  two  ear  plugs,  and 
some  pencils. 

A  young  man  in  a  white  coat  introduces 
himself.  He  instructs  us  to  write  on  the  name 
tag  the  name  by  which  we  would  like  to  be 
called  when  we  get  old. 

The  man  asks  us  to  put  the  plugs  in  our 
ears.  His  voice  sounding  muffled  now,  he  asks 
us  to  write  on  one  of  the  cards  the  place  where 
we  want  to  live  at  the  age  on  our  tags . 

Another  card  is  for  three  prized  possessions 
we  would  like  to  take  with  us  into  old  age. 
The  possessions  are  represented  by  the  blue 
poker  chips.  The  third  card  is  for  five  personal 
characteristics  we  value  most.  The  white  chips 
represent  these  self-image  points. 

Then  it's  time  to  go  to  the  next  room. 
Someone  taps  me  on  the  shoulder.  "We  have 
a  wheelchair  for  you,"  says  a  nurse.  It's  no 
use  protesting  that  I'm  capable  of  walking. 
Because  I'm  ninety-eight,  they  have  decided  I 
need  this  chair. 

"Look  at  that  little  fella!"  someone  says. 
"Isn't  he  cute?" 

"Little  fella?"  1  think  to  myself.  "Cute?  Do 
they  mean  me?" 

In  hospitals,  clinics,  and  nursing  homes 
across  the  country,  doctors  and  nurses  too 
often  treat  old  people  as  children  unable 
to  make  even  minor  decisions  about  their 
own  welfare,  Cohen  says.  Worse,  they  as- 
sume that  these  patients  have  few  years  to 
live  and  are  less  worthy  of  medical  assis- 
tance. Anthony  Galanos,  who  is  now  a  fel- 


37 


low  at  Duke's  Center  for  the  Study  of 
Aging  and  Human  Development,  worked 
at  a  nursing  home  before  going  to  medical 
school  and  he  saw  some  of  this  "ageism"  at 
work. 

"I  had  two  patients  who  were  retired 
dentists  and  I  referred  to  them  as  'Doctor,'  " 
he  says.  "And  I  was  told  in  no  uncertain 
terms  by  nurses  that  we  had  no  doctors  in 
this  facility,  we  had  only  patients." 

He  says  he  remembers  hearing  the  nurs- 
ing home  staff  discuss  how  to  treat  patients 
based  on  whether  they  had  medical  insur- 
ance. He  remembers  hearing  radios  left  on 
obnoxious  stations  and  comments  like 
"We'll  change  the  bedpan  at  the  end  of 
the  next  shift."  And  he  says  he  remembers 
patients  being  drugged  or  strapped  to  beds 
or  chairs,  not  because  they  were  violent, 
but  because  it  was  easier  for  an  overworked 
staff  to  deal  with  patients  who  could  not 
move  around. 

Once  in  the  next  room,  things  go  from  bad 
to  worse.  We're  asked  to  draw  cards  and  roll 
dice.  M51  card  says  I  need  treatment  for  blad- 
der problems  so  they  wheel  me  to  the  next  stop 
where  a  woman  in  a  white  coat  tells  me  to 
throw  a  wooden  chip  at  a  target  on  the  floor. 
If  the  chip  lands  on  the  right  place,  I'll  win 
money  I  can  use  to  pay  for  the  treatment. 

1  miss,  so  the  woman  tells  me  I'll  have  to 
forfeit  some  of  my  blue  poker  chips. 

"How  many?"  1  ask. 

"Let  me  see."  She  reaches  into  my  hand 
and  gently  removes  all  of  them. 

At  the  next  table,  I'm  told  to  put  on  goggles. 
The  goggles  are  smeared  with  petroleum  jelly 
and  partially  taped  over,  so  I  can  barely  see. 

"Can  you  read?"  the  woman  asks. 

"Yes,"  I  say.  But  when  she  hands  me  a  card, 
I  can't  make  it  out  through  the  clouded  lenses. 
She  tells  me  I  have  kidney  disease  and  will 
have  to  go  to  a  nursing  home  for  treatment. 


Most  game  players  start 

by  trying  to  distance 

themselves  from  what's 

happening.  Others 

defend  themselves 

by  joking.  Some, 

overwhelmed,  ask  to 

be  let  out  of  the  game. 


She  takes  my  remaining  poker  chips — the 
white  ones  representing  self-image.  Then  she 
selects  a  label  that  says  something  about  my 
condition,  and  sticks  it  onto  my  goggles.  She 
won't  tell  me  what  it  says. 

In  the  nursing  home,  there's  a  radio  not 
quite  tuned  in  to  a  rock-and-roll  station.  Some- 
one puts  a  blanket  over  me  saying  I  must  be 
cold.  They  wheel  me  back  into  the  middle  of 
the  room  and  leave  me  there.  In  a  few  min- 
utes, I  begin  to  feel  abandoned. 

Most  people  who  play  the  game  start  by 
trying  to  distance  themselves  from  what's 
happening."First  they  try  to  rationalize  and 
say  this  is  what  happens  to  people,"  says 
Galanos.  "But  eventually  they  realize  it's 
happening  to  them.  What  happens  is  their 
defenses  are  broken  down  and  they  person- 
alize this." 

Some  people — particularly  young  male 
interns — resist  violently  when  the  staff 
tries  to  strap  them  to  their  beds  or  chairs. 
Galanos  has  come  close  to  being  punched. 

"This    is   what    your    doctor   ordered," 


Food  for  thought :  part  of  the  Aging  Game  is  making  the  young  feel  old  and  frail 


Galanos  tells  these  people.  Or  "I'll  call  an 
intern."  That  reminds  the  young  interns  of 
the  authority  that  they  expect  to  have 
over  their  own  patients. 

Other  people  defend  themselves  by  jok- 
ing. "We've  had  people  choose  funny  names 
for  themselves,"  Galanos  says.  "One 
woman  wanted  to  be  called  Trixie.  One 
guy  said  the  possession  he  wanted  to  take 
with  him  was  his  libido.  But  eventually  the 
laughing  stops." 

Some  people  find  the  experience  so  over- 
whelming that  they  ask  to  be  let  out  of  the 
game.  The  staff  honors  these  requests,  says 
Galanos.  "We  don't  want  it  to  be  perceived 
as  hazing." 

When  the  game  ends,  the  staff,  made  up 
of  geriatrics  specialists  in  a  variety  of  fields, 
leads  a  discussion  about  the  experience. 
Participants  often  mention  helplessness, 
isolation,  even  despair. 

"It  was  really  very  upsetting,"  recalls 
Robin  Patty,  a  fourth-year  medical  student 
at  Duke  who  played  the  game  three  years 
ago.  "I  remember  thinking,  when  I  get  to 
that  stage,  if  that's  how  people  treat  you,  I 
would  rather  not  be  around."  As  a  result  of 
her  experience  in  the  game,  Patty  says  she 
speaks  more  slowly  and  clearly  to  her  older 
patients  and  takes  more  time  to  try  to 
understand  what  they  say  to  her. 

The  Aging  Game  is  effective,  says  Aging 
Center  director  Cohen,  but  it  can  also 
leave  participants  with  an  incomplete  view 
of  the  aging  process.  After  experimenting 
with  the  game  for  a  few  years,  the  university 
found  it  was  making  students  more  sympa- 
thetic to  the  problems  of  seniors  but  leaving 
them  with  the  misconception  that  getting 
old  means  getting  sick.  Now,  says  Cohen, 
"we  try  to  balance  it  to  the  other  view,  to 
try  to  get  students  and  others  to  interact 
with  seniors  who  are  doing  quite  well." 

The  two-and-a-half-hour  aging  game  is 
now  part  of  a  six-hour  Aging  Process  Day 
beginning  with  the  Gerofit  program  at  the 
Durham  Veteran's  Administration  Hospital. 
Aging  Process  Day  participants  are  invited 
into  a  room  crowded  with  people  at  work 
on  stair-stepping,  rowing,  and  bicycling 
machines,  weights,  and  exercise  mats. 

What  sets  this  gym  apart  is  the  age  and 
condition  of  the  people  exercising.  The 
average  age  is  about  seventy-one.  Most  are 
suffering  from  some  chronic  disease,  such 
as  arthritis,  high  blood  pressure,  or  heart 
trouble.  The  Gerofit  staff  carefully  tests 
them  and  prescribes  exercise  according  to 
their  abilities.  But  these  seniors  are  capa- 
ble of  more  pushing,  pumping,  pulling,  and 
stretching  than  many  people  half  their 
age. 

Aging  Process  Day  participants  are 
invited  to  exercise  alongside  the  seniors 
and  chat  with  them.  "Please  don't  feel  like 
you  have   to  keep  up  with   anybody   in 


38 


here,"  warns  nurse  Gail  M.  Crowley, 
"because  these  people  are  in  shape."  After 
measuring  their  performance  over  a  six- 
week  period,  Crowley  and  her  colleagues 
found  that  Gerofit  seniors  were  able  to 
gain  strength,  flexibility,  and  endurance 
through  their  exercises — reversing  the 
deterioration  commonly  associated  with 
age. 

The  positive  view  of  aging  is  further 
reinforced  on  the  next  stop  in  the  Aging 
Process  Day — a  chat  with  Duke  sociologist 
Erdman  B.  Palmore  '52.  The  author  or  edi- 
tor of  fifteen  books  on  aging,  Palmore  has 
made  a  career  out  of  dispelling  the  myth 
that  getting  old  means  getting  sick  and 
weak.  "When  you  go  up  there  and  are  con- 
fined to  your  bed  and  become  a  vegetable," 
he  tells  people  about  to  play  the  Aging 
Game,  "just  remember  that's  not  normal 
aging  and  it  doesn't  happen  to  most  people." 

Alone  in  the  middle  of  the  room  for  a  long 
time,  I  feel  bored  and  lonely.  Then  I  notice 
they  have  rolled  someone  up  next  to  me  in  a 
wheelchair.  I  don't  know  if  she  can  hear  or  see 
me,  but  I  speak:  "I  can't  wait  for  this  to  end." 

"Really!"  she  agrees. 


Sensory  deprivation 


and  hand  utu/>/hii,!;  dimmish  sight  and  manual  dexterity 


I  look  more  closely  at  her,  and  1  can  see  the 
Aging  Game  staff  has  put  some  kind  of  label 
on  her  goggles.  "Hey,  I  think  I  can  read  what 
it  says  on  your  goggles . " 

"Okay."  She  leans  her  head  toward  me, 
and  1  bend  over  to  read. 


Suddenly,  someone  pushes  us  apart.  "This 
is  not  that  kind  of  place! "  he  scolds,  wheeling  me 
to  another  part  of  the  room .  Now  there's  nothing 
to  do  but  wait,  alone,  for  the  game  to  end.    ■ 


Harrison  is  a  free-lance  writer  living  in  Raleigh. 


PAINTING  A  NOVEL 

Continued  from  page  1 1 

happens.  Very  often  we're  able  to  look  at 
some  aspect  of  someone  else  and  see  our- 
selves in  it,  even  if  we  keep  it  on  the  un- 
conscious level." 

The  line  between  the  conscious  and  the 
unconscious  is  clearly  a  difficult  one  to 
draw.  Cox  is  firm  in  saying  that  "those 
extreme  characters  are  teachers.  And  I 
think  I  learn,  as  the  author,  from  those 
characters,"  just  as  her  central  "normal" 
characters  Jacob  and  Molly  learn  from  Sol- 
dier and  Zack.  But  the  extreme  characters 
retain  a  certain  mystery  for  her.  "The  char- 
acter of  Zack  and  the  character  of  Soldier 
showed  up  in  my  books,  and  I  did  not 
know  who  they  were."  Unlike  some  of  her 
other  characters  who  are  in  part  compos- 
ites of  actual  acquaintances,  "I  don't  know 
who  those  characters  are  in  my  own  life, 
my  actual  life."  She  hesitates.  "I  guess  they 
are  all  moi — all  me." 

She  is  very  soft-spoken  and  very  in- 
tense. "The  fact  of  aloneness  is  a  com- 
pelling idea  to  me,  and  the  fact  of  it  takes 
away  from  the  idea.  Maybe  all  I'll  write 
about  is  aloneness.  I  don't  mean  loneli- 
ness, though  I  mean  that,  too.  I  don't  mean 
someone  living  alone  because  I'm  talking 
about  an  aloneness  that  is  experienced  in 
the  midst  of  people.  Soldier  and  Zack  are 
the  extreme  of  that  and  for  that  reason 
they  are  aware  of  it.  The  other  characters 
are  not  as  aware  of  their  aloneness  as  those 
two.  They  are  both  extreme,  and  for  that 


reason  I  admire  them  probably  and  love 
them  most." 

Despite  the  theme  of  aloneness,  the 
central  characters  in  both  books  do  learn 
and  grow,  working  beyond  guilt  or  abuse, 
and  both  novels  conclude  with  scenes  that 
suggest  communion  or  harmony.  Tempo- 
rary as  these  moments  may  be,  they  are 
real.  And  despite  the  closing  of  North 
Point  Press,  Cox's  agent  and  editor  remain 
firmly  committed  to  the  future  publication 
of  her  work.  HarperCollins  has  already 
contracted  for  a  paperback  edition  of  the 
new  novel  to  appear  about  a  year  from  now. 


She  has  completed  a  book-length  manu- 
script of  poetry  and  is  working  on  some 
new  stories  to  form  a  book  with  some  of 
her  older  stories.  A  third  novel  is  in  prog- 
ress. "I'm  going  to  have  to  focus  very  close- 
ly on  these  characters.  I  already  feel  as 
though  I  am  seeing  them  almost  right  up 
in  their  faces,  and  I'm  hearing  them  talk.  I 
haven't  had  to  work  to  bring  them  alive. 
They  are.  That  room  is  filled  with  charac- 
ters right  now  that  I  already  care  about." 

"That  room"  is  her  upstairs  study,  a 
manuscript-strewn  room  with  a  view  of 
trees  and  a  bluebird  nest,  the  one  eccentric 
room  in  her  otherwise  well-bred  house, 
with  its  Oriental  rugs  over  polished  floors 
and  the  good,  comfortable  furniture  she 
inherited  from  her  mother.  She  speaks 
again  of  the  work  in  progress. 

"I'm  writing  it  as  though  I  have  never 
written  a  novel.  It's  as  though  the  only 
thing  I  have  learned  when  I've  finished 
writing  something  is  how  to  write  that 
novel  or  that  story  or  that  poem.  I  like  to 
start  again,  with  a  kind  of  ignorance, 
which  means  a  kind  of  openness  to  what- 
ever this  one  will  be.  It  doesn't  have  to  be 
different.  It  just  has  to  be  what  this  one  is, 
and  as  I  said,  I  like  to  discover  something." 

We  share  a  plate  of  blueberry  muffins  she 
baked  that  morning.  The  quiet  outside  is 
broken  by  the  buzz  of  a  lawnmower.  She 
tells  me  she  is  thinking  about  getting  an- 
other cat.  ■ 


magnify  her 


Byrd,  a  local  book  reviewer  and  btiMophik,  works 
for  the  Duke  Medical  Center. 


3UKE  DIRECTION; 


THE  GRAYING  OF 


SCHOOLS 


It  was  a  typical  Carolina  summer 
Saturday,  as  thick  and  steamy  as 
a  paperback  romance.  IBM  elec- 
trical engineer  Dick  Knowles, 
like  many  of  his  colleagues,  sat  by 
his  pool,  feet  cooling  in  crinkling 
blue  water.  But  relaxation  ended 
at  his  ankles:  He  was  hunched 
over  a  literary  text,  yellow  high-lighter 
plowing  critical  passages  in  the  sea  of  fine 
print.  The  book:  Aldous  Huxley's  Brave 
New  World. 

The  title  was  appropriate,  for  Knowles, 
forty-seven,  is  one  of  a  growing  cadre  of 
postgraduates  at  Duke,  past  twenty-five 
and  returning  to  the  brave  new  world  of  a 
college  campus  after  a  long  absence.  To 
call  these  older  students  "nontraditional" 
has  become  a  misnomer:  Students  over 
twenty-five  now  make  up  more  than  60 
percent  of  all  postgraduates  at  Duke.  Many 
commute  hundreds  of  miles  to  attend 
classes,  coming  from  as  far  away  as  Wash- 
ington, D.C.,  and  Florida. 

Contributing  to  the  aging  of  Duke's 
postgraduate  student  body  are  several  pro- 
grams established  in  the  last  two  decades  for 
mature  adults — those  who  are  well  along 
in  careers  and  the  business  of  life — in  line 
with  the  concept  of  lifelong  learning.  At 
the  Fuqua  School  of  Business,  the  evening 
and  weekend  M.B.A.  programs,  established 
in  1971  and  1984,  respectively,  are  targeted 
to  experienced  corporate  managers.  Fuqua 
also  hosts  an  array  of  non-degree  executive 
education  programs.  Some  are  tailored  to 
the  strategic  needs  of  a  single  corporate 
"partner."  Others  are  designed  for  man- 
agers drawn  from  a  variety  of  Fortune  500 
companies. 

The  Master  of  Arts  in  Liberal  Studies 
(MALS),  launched  in  1984,  attracts  intel- 
lectually omnivorous  students  who  seek  to 
strengthen  the  liberal  arts  underpinning  for 
their  life  endeavors.  And  the  Office  of  Con- 
tinuing Education,  established  in  the  late 
1960s,  now  offers,  in  addition  to  a  smor- 
gasbord of  non-degree  programs  for  every- 
one from  pre-adolescents  to  retirees,  a  non- 


NEVER  TOO  LATE  TO 
LEARN 

BY  DEBORAH  NORMAN 


Why  are  so  many  adults 

coming  back  to  class  for 

post-baccalaureate  study? 

An  informal  poll  suggests 

three  basic  reasons: 

career  advancement, 

personal  development, 

and  "unfinished 

business." 


traditional  route  into  the  university  for 
adults  returning  to  complete  or  update  both 
undergraduate  and  postgraduate  degrees. 

The  story  at  Duke  echoes  national 
trends.  Nationwide,  adults  are  returning  to 
campus  in  even  greater  numbers:  Recent 
demographic  surveys  suggest  an  80  percent 
growth  in  the  adult  student  population  since 
1969.  By  the  end  of  the  past  decade,  accord- 
ing to  last  May's  issue  of  USA  Today  Mag- 
azine, the  proportion  of  students  age  twenty- 
five  and  older  had  risen  to  45  percent — 
nearly  half  the  student  population  nation- 
wide. These  figures  include  both  under- 
graduate and  postgraduate  learners.  The 
figures  for  postgrads  are  not  readily  avail- 
able across  all  academic  disciplines,  but  the 
number  of  students  enrolled  in  graduate 
business  courses  tells  part  of  the  story.  A 
recent  article  in  The  Economist  notes  that 
in  1980  four  of  five  first-year  M.B.A.  stu- 


dents came  straight  from  undergraduate 
college  while  the  average  age  of  applicants 
is  now  twenty-seven.  By  the  year  2000,  the 
article  speculates,  a  steadily-aging  work- 
force will  mean  business  schools'  most 
receptive  market  will  be  among  executives 
in  their  mid-thirties. 

Why  are  so  many  adults  coming  back  to 
class  for  post-baccalaureate  study?  An  in- 
formal Duke  student  poll  suggest  three  basic 
reasons:  career  advancement,  personal  de- 
velopment, and  "unfinished  business."  For 
students  enrolled  in  programs  at  Fuqua, 
classwork  is  designed  to  be  translated 
directly  to  the  workplace.  Indeed,  in  the 
executive  M.B.A.  programs,  a  workplace 
orientation  is  an  integral  part  of  the  cur- 
riculum. In  the  Master  of  Arts  in  Liberal 
Studies  program,  the  connection  between 
work  and  study  is  more  subtle.  Says  MALS 
program  director  Diane  Sasson,  "We  say  to 
people  in  interviews,  if  you're  looking  for 
answers,  we're  not  the  place.  But  if  you 
want  to  ask  more  interesting  questions  two 
or  three  years  from  now,  then  maybe  this 
is  the  program  for  you.  Our  students  ask 
why  are  certain  things  important  or  not 
important — sort  of  the  meaning-of-life  type 
of  question." 

Duke  first  offered  the  Master  of  Arts  in 
Liberal  Studies  to  students  entering  in  the 
fall  of  1984.  In  doing  so,  the  university 
joined  a  graduate  liberal  studies  tradition 
that  began  in  the  1950s  and  grew  dramati- 
cally during  the  1970s  and  1980s.  The  first 
programs,  says  program  director  Sasson, 
were  designed  for  public  school  teachers 
who  wanted  to  spend  their  summers  get- 
ting a  master's  degree.  Among  the  earliest 
programs  were  those  offered  at  Wesleyan 
and  Johns  Hopkins.  As  the  idea  spread  to 
other  schools,  the  curriculum  and  the  stu- 
dents became  more  diverse. 

Duke's  MALS  program  is  targeted  to 
"the  mature  adult,"  and  students  range 
from  twenty-five  to  seventy,  with  the  aver- 
age around  thirty-nine.  Duke's  program 
stands  out  among  liberal  studies  programs 
because  it  embraces  the  sciences.  "We  feel 


40 


very  strongly  that  it  is  a  mistake  intellectu- 
ally and  conceptually  to  exclude  science 
from  a  liberal  arts  program,"  Sasson  says. 
Because  of  its  location  in  the  Research 
Triangle  Park  area,  Duke's  program  also 
attracts  an  unusually  high  number  of  busi- 
ness people,  compared  to  most  liberal  stud- 
ies programs.  "Many  of  our  students  al- 
ready have  graduate  degrees,  and  of  those, 
the  largest  number  are  M.B.A.s,"  Sasson 
says.  There  are  also  students  who  have 
chosen  the  MALS  degree  over  an  M.B.A. 
"What  I  hear  very  often  from  business  peo- 
ple is  that  they  are  in  a  stage  of  their 
careers  where  they  are  not  crunching  out 
the  numbers  anymore.  They  have  moved 


selected  courses  in  the  various  professional 
schools,  as  long  as  they  meet  the  back- 
ground requirements.  At  a  time  when 
career-specific  degrees  such  as  the  M.B.A., 
engineering,  and  medicine  are  becoming 
more  popular,  the  curricular  flexibility  of 
Duke's  graduate  liberal  studies  program  is 
proving  no  less  attractive:  MALS  has 
nearly  quintupled  its  initial  enrollment  to 
approximately  125  students  annually. 

Students  aren't  the  only  ones  to  benefit 
from  the  MALS  curriculum.  MALS  has 
proven  an  ingenious  device  for  leveraging 
the  brainpower  of  Duke's  faculty.  The  pro- 
gram allows  professors  to  explore  new  ways 
to  present  traditional  material  and  encour- 


"The  Scaffolding  of  Learning" :  a  MALS  core  course,  tau, 
Vogel,  builds  the  basics  for  postgraduate  education 

into  positions  where  they  are  analyzing 
meanings  and  basing  decisions  on  informa- 
tion other  people  are  giving  them.  They 
want  a  program  that  gives  them  broader 
perspectives." 

Duke's  liberal  studies  program  is  distin- 
guished  as  well  by  its  flexibility.  "There  are 
no  preconceived  content  requirements," 
Sasson  says.  "Other  programs  tend  to  have 
a  choice  of  tracks  on  which  you  must 
focus —  international  studies,  environmen- 
tal studies,  American  studies.  But  here, 
students  design  their  own  tracks." 

Most  MALS  students  elect  to  fill  their 
nine-course  program  largely  with  "core" 
offerings — courses  specially  tailored  for 
MALS,  like  "Utopias:  Ancient  and  Mod- 
ern," "The  Darwinian  Revolution,"  and 
"Technology:  Choice,  Value,  Conflict,  and 
Change,"  that  typically  straddle  several 
disciplines.  Students  may  take  any  course 
offered  by  the  Graduate  School  as  well  as 


t  fry  religion  professor  Kalman  Bland,  right,  and  zoologis 


ages  synthesis  of  disciplines.  "Contact  with 
faculty  members  outside  their  fields  is 
important  to  people  teaching  in  the  pro- 
gram," says  Sasson.  "It  allows  them  to 
break  out  of  professional  and  disciplinary 
boxes."  MALS  course  development  itself  is 
unusual.  "We  don't  say,  'We  must  have  an 
introductory  course  in  X,'  "  Sasson  says. 
"We  go  to  faculty  members  at  Duke  and  say, 
'What  are  you  doing  that's  exciting?  What 
would  be  interesting  for  you  to  teach?'  " 

Such  an  approach  yields  noteworthy 
results  in  a  university  endowed  with  an  in- 
ternationally respected  faculty.  Zoology 
professor  and  biomechanics  expert  Steven 
Vogel  developed  a  MALS  course  for  non- 
scientists  called  "Life  in  a  Physical  Con- 
text." The  course  explores  the  evolution- 
ary implications  of  physical  constraints  on 
living  systems,  inviting  students  to  wonder 
why  healthy  trees  more  commonly  uproot 
than  break,  how  a  shark  manages  with  such 


a  flimsy  skeleton,  or  how  a  mouse  can  easily 
survive  a  fall  onto  any  surface  from  any 
height.  After  being  frustrated  in  a  search 
for  appropriate  texts,  Vogel  wrote  his  own. 
The  result,  a  witty  book  for  lay  scientists 
called  Life's  Devices,  won  the  1990  Stone 
Science  Writing  Award,  sponsored  by  the 
Los  Angeles  County  Museum  of  Natural 
History. 

Sasson  says  MALS  often  sparks  intellec- 
tual transformations  among  students.  "Stu- 
dents say  the  program  has  changed  the 
way  they  think  about  the  world;  that  now 
they  see  more  complexity.  The  gray  is  the 
interesting  part,  versus  the  black  and 
white."  Students  concur.  First-year  MALS 
student  janis  Curtis  already 
holds  a  master  of  science  in 
public  health  from  Harvard, 
and  is  deputy  commissioner  of 
the  North  Carolina  Medical 
Database  Commission  and 
executive  director  of  the 
North  Carolina  Department  of 
Insurance.  Curtis  says  she 
entered  the  program  to  refine 
her  critical  thinking  skills  in 
the  broad  context  of  interdis- 
ciplinary studies.  "That's  a 
more  accurate  reflection  of 
life,"  she  says.  "Problems  aren't 
unidimensional." 

The  Fuqua  School  of  Busi- 
ness, consistently  ranked 
among  the  nation's  top  busi- 
ness schools  since  its  inception 
in  1969,  offers  three  types  of 
programs  for  older  students: 
g  the  Evening  Executive 
|  M.B.A.,  the  Weekend  Execu- 
i  tive  M.B.A.,  and  non-degree 
executive  education  programs 
of  varying  duration.  While  the 
nationwide  boom  in  executive 
programs  has  cooled  as  corporations  have 
trimmed  management  ranks,  Duke's  pro- 
grams have  enjoyed  steady  enrollment 
over  the  last  five  years.  Fuqua  attracts 
weekend  commuters  from  all  over  the 
Southeast  and  Washington,  D.C.,  while 
competing  with  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania's Wharton  School  nearly  500  miles 
away.  And  the  evening  program  has 
tapped  nearby  Research  Triangle  Park  cor- 
porations that  look  to  Duke  as  a  resource 
for  cultivating  managers. 

The  average  evening  M.B.A.  student  is 
twenty-nine.  These  "emerging  managers  on 
the  fast  track"  spend  twenty-five  months 
of  weekly  Monday  and  Thursday  classwork 
becoming  versed  in  business  concepts  out- 
side their  usual  responsibilities.  Weekend 
students,  by  contrast,  are  established  man- 
agers whose  average  age  is  thirty-five,  and 
weekend  classes  rely  heavily  on  student 
experience  for  raw  material.  Work  is  often 

41 


done  in  study  groups  that  draw  on  the  var- 
ied expertise  of  their  members.  At  the  end 
of  twenty  months  of  intensive  biweekly 
classes,  weekend  graduates  have  put  a  fine 
edge  on  their  analytical  and  strategic  skills 
and  usually  get  a  boost  in  stepping  up  to 
senior  management. 

Weekend  students  usually  are  selected 
by  top  management  and  must  gain  formal 
corporate  sponsorship  to  participate.  Exec- 
utive M.B.A.  program  director  Deborah 
Horvitz  says  she  counsels  employers  that 
corporate  financial  support  for  the  execu- 
tive M.B.A.  shouldn't  be  viewed  as  an 
employee  benefit  like  health  care,  but 
rather  as  an  executive  development  fund 
for  high-performers.  The  weekend  program, 
especially,  nurtures  the  student/employer 
bond.  Nearly  80  percent  of  weekend  grad- 
uates, for  example,  still  work  for  the  em- 
ployer that  sponsored  them. 

Horvitz  says  the  executive  M.B.A.  is  a 
career-long  investment:  "It  may  be  more 
expensive  than  a  car,  but  it's  going  to  last 
longer."  But  students  often  delight  in 
immediate  tangible  results.  For  example,  a 
student  who  is  an  administrative  director 
for  a  medical  center  suspected  faulty  read- 
ings from  a  sophisticated  new  automatic 
blood  pressure  monitor.  He  applied  a  class- 
room statistical  modeling  method  to  test 
the  machine,  and  the  results  revealed  a 
software  defect  that  the  manufacturer  sub-  ' 
sequently  corrected.  The  same  manager 
used  the  quantitative  analysis  technique  of  ! 
simulation  to  evaluate  risks  associated  j 
with  upcoming  health  care  contracts. 

The  fastest  growing  area  of  adult  educa- 
tion at  Fuqua  is  executive  education.  Over 
the  last  seven  years  the  number  of  program 
offerings  has  nearly  quadrupled,  from 
twenty  in  1985  to  more  than  seventy-five  in 
1991.  The  number  of  students  has  in- 
creased from  700  in  1985  to  2,500  in  1991. 
Associate  dean  and  director  of  executive 
education  Warren  Baunach  notes  execu- 
tive education  is  a  hot  market  nationwide. 
Cost-conscious  corporations  are  divesting 
themselves  of  bricks,  mortar,  and  personnel 
dedicated  to  corporate  education  and  are 
handing  the  job  over  to  universities.  And 
corporations  have  recognized  that  career- 
long  education  keeps  key  executives  nim- 
ble in  a  fast-changing  business  landscape. 

Baunach  says  focus  on  its  customers  has 
been  the  key  to  Duke's  success.  "We  take  a 
market  perspective,"  he  says.  "Instead  of 
asking,  'What  do  my  faculty  do  well?'  and 
building  coursework  around  that,  we  ask, 
'What  do  my  clients  need  and  how  can  I 
accommodate  them?'  " 

Duke  has  greatly  expanded  its  share  of 
the  senior  executive  market  by  offering  its 
standard  four-week  program  in  several  ver- 
sions— such  as  a  one-week  unit  a  month 
over  four  consecutive   months — that   at- 


BiiMiK'"  1-/.ISS:  executive  cdu 


i  course  for  fast-ttackers 


tract  executives  who  cannot  be  off  the  job 
for  a  single  big  chunk  of  time.  And  a  split 
program  of  two  weeks  in  January  and  two 
in  March  appeals  to  already  travel-bur- 
dened overseas  executives. 

Perhaps  Duke's  greatest  executive  edu- 
cation strength  is  its  so-called  tailored  pro- 
grams for  individual  companies,  a  market 
it  helped  pioneer.  "This  is  where  I  really 
believe  we  have  been  a  national  leader," 
Baunach  says.  The  most  competitive  slice 
of  this  market  is  for  long-range  programs 
that  amount  to  a  strategic  intervention  in 
a  corporation.  Companies  typically  ask  sev- 
eral top  universities  to  bid  on  these  pro- 
grams. Says  Jean  Hauser,  assistant  dean  for 
executive  education,  who  is  responsible  for 
tailored  programs,  "Clients  understand 
executive  education  is  a  way  to  renew  their 
entire  organization."  Fuqua  has  developed 
such  strategic  partnerships  with  the  likes 
of  Ford  Motor  Company,  Eli  Lilly,  and 
Johnson  &  Johnson,  which  chose  Duke  for 
help  in  developing  a  world-class  manufac- 
turing program.  Duke  pinpointed  problems, 
issues,  and  an  executive-education  approach 
for  Johnson  &  Johnson  based  on  extensive 
field  research.  Nearly  a  thousand  of  the 
company's  managers  have  attended  in  the 
United  States,  and  programs  are  planned 
for  South  America  and  the  Far  East. 

Baunach  says  executive  education  pro- 
grams enrich  the  skills  of  professors  as  well 
as  students.  "It's  much  more  difficult  to 
teach  an  executive  audience  than  recent 
undergraduates  because  adult  students 
have  been  out  there  and  are  very  success- 
ful in  their  own  fields,"  he  says.  Teaching 
tends  to  be  in  the  Socratic  give-and-take 
style:  "A  good  teacher  in  executive  educa- 
tion is  one  who  can  draw  out  all  those 
years  of  experience — you're  a  facilitator  as 
well  as  a  teacher."  Baunach  points  out  that 
fifty  executives  with  twenty  years  of  man- 
agement experience  contribute  a  thousand 


years  of  know-how — a  gold  mine  for  the 
skilled  facilitator.  "Plus  you've  got  to  be  a 
showman,"  Baunach  says.  "You've  got 
these  people  there  for  eight  hours.  You've 
got  to  keep  them  engaged." 

Duke  recently  has  begun  to  offer  a  non- 
traditional  route  into  its  "mainstream" 
graduate  programs  through  the  Office  of 
Continuing  Education.  (Continuing  Edu- 
cation has  been  the  main  route  through 
which  adults  participate  in  the  university, 
though  usually  in  non-degree  programs.) 
The  Continuing  Education  approach  to 
graduate  study  offers  degree-seekers  the 
opportunity  to  take  classes  without  accep- 
tance by  a  particular  graduate  department 
and  without  taking  the  Graduate  Record 
Exam  (GRE).  The  program,  says  Continu- 
ing Education  Director  Judith  Ruderman 
Ph.D.  '76,  attracts  students  not  yet  ready 
to  take  the  GRE — or  who  need  to  improve 
their  scores.  It's  also  for  those  not  ready  to 
commit  themselves  to  a  degree  program  in 
their  field  or  who  have  missed  the  dead- 
line for  application  for  degree  work. 
"Graduate  study  through  Continuing  Edu- 
cation allows  students  to  test  an  interest, 
sample  a  department,  hone  a  skill,  build  a 
better  application  packet,"  she  says.  Stu- 
dents can  transfer  up  to  twelve  hours  of 
non-degree  coursework  to  a  degree  pro- 
gram later  on. 

The  number  of  nontraditional  students 
entering  graduate  programs  through  Con- 
tinuing Education  is  small  but  has  been  on 
the  rise  for  the  last  several  years.  Enroll- 
ments jumped  by  a  third  in  the  1989-90 
academic  year  to  seventy-six  students. 

A  high  percentage  of  adult  graduate  stu- 
dents are  enrolled  in  computer  science  and 
engineering  courses,  because  of  the  cluster- 
ing of  technical  companies  in  the  Research 
Triangle  Park  area.  Also  popular  among 
older  post-baccalaureate  students  are  pre- 
med   and   teacher's   certification   courses. 


42 


Ruderman  sees  heightened  interest  in  gradu- 
ate literary  and  critical  theory  classes,  as 
teachers  and  others  with  liberal-arts  hack- 
grounds  are  lured  by  the  reputation  of 
Duke's  professors  in  these  fields. 

And  professors  say  they  enjoy  their 
adult  students'  interest  in  "the  big  pic- 
ture." Says  zoology  professor  Steven  Vogel, 
who  teaches  in  the  MALS  program:  "Adults 
are  synthesizers,  while  undergraduates  tend 
to  be  particularizers.  The  adults  want  to 
see  connections  and  have  an  enormous  re- 
servoir of  intellectual  curiosity.  The  eigh- 
teen-to-twenty-two  year-olds  have  been  in 
school  for  fourteen  years,  and  they  have 
other  concerns,  such  as  grades,  their  fu- 
tures, and  their  careers."  Older  students, 
Vogel  says,  "are  talkers,  questioners,  not 
authority-acceptors.  They  like  the  material 
for  its  own  sake.  Can  you  imagine  teaching 
a  group  of  students  like  that?  This  is  what 
education  should  be  and  rarely  is." 

History  professor  Martin  Miller  finds 
that  because  adults  go  to  class  from  per- 
sonal choice,  "they're  motivated  in  a  way 
that  undergraduates  aren't.  Sometimes 
they've  done  less  reading  but  they've  been 
out  in  the  real  world,  and  they're  ready  to 
get  at  the  deeper  meaning  of  things." 
Miller  enjoys  the  personal  dimension  older 
students  can  bring  to  historic  events.  He 
recalls  a  woman  enrolled  in  his  "Origins  of 
Soviet  Culture"  class  who  had  lived  in  the 
Soviet  Union  in  the  Fifties,  in  the  years  just 
following  Stalin's  death.  "She  contributed 
a  lot,"  he  says,  "because  the  class  gave 
meaning  and  context  to  her  own  life." 

Going  back  to  school  as  an  adult  re- 
quires some  adjustments.  On  the  one  hand, 
"These  students  really  want  this,"  says  Con- 
tinuing Education's  Ruderman.  On  the 
other,  adults  have  other  responsibilities  to 
cope  with.  Not  surprisingly,  the  Winter 
1991  Adult  Education  Quarterly  reported 
the  metaphors  used  most  often  by  adults  to 
describe  their  school  experiences  were 
"blessing"  and  "penance." 

Many  students  used  to  being  the  boss  at 
work  or  at  home  feel  uncomfortable  turn- 
ing over  control  to  an  instructor.  Execu- 
tive M.B.A.  program  director  Horvitz  says 
executive  students  adept  at  getting  things 
done  at  work  often  "feel  stupid"  at  school. 
For  one  thing,  the  tools  of  academic  study 
are  unfamiliar.  Extensive  reading,  lengthy 
papers,  and  tests  are  significantly  different 
from  decision-making,  delegating,  and  su- 
pervising. And  students  aren't  the  acknowl- 
edged experts  on  class  material  as  they  are 
in  their  jobs. 

While  executive  and  MALS  students  are 
surrounded  in  class  by  their  contempo- 
raries, older  students  in  "mainstream" 
classes  stand  out  on  campus  where  most  of 
the  student  body  still  is  in  the  traditional 
eighteen-  to  twenty-five-year-old  age  group. 


"Older  students  are 

talkers,  questioners,  not 

authority  acceptors.  They 

like  the  material  for  its 

own  sake.  This  is  what 

education  should  be  and 

rarely  is." 

STEVEN  VOGEL 
Professor,  Zoology  Department 


Susie  Waller,  a  Duke  employee  who  has 
gone  back  to  school  after  raising  five  chil- 
dren, admits  to  being  self-conscious  in  a 
classroom  with  students  younger  than  her 
own  children.  She  has  learned,  she  says,  to 
deal  with  being  outside  her  own  peer 
group  and  to  accept  the  looks  from  young 
students  "wondering  whose  mother  this  is 
sitting  in  class  with  them." 

In  the  "blessing"  category,  a  number  of 
older  students  mention  that  professors  of- 
ten defer  to  their  experience.  Theodore 
Michaelis,  at  seventy-one  a  Ph.D.  candi- 
date in  environmental  engineering,  was 
charmed  when  a  visiting  Japanese  lecturer 
put  his  hands  together  and  bowed  to 
acknowledge  Michaelis'  answer  to  a  ques- 
tion— and  his  respect  for  Michaelis'  age. 
"To  the  other  students,  he  just  pointed 
and  said  'You,'  "  Michaelis  recalls. 

The  basic  difference  between  traditional 
eighteen-  to  twenty-five-year-old  students 
and  older  ones,  according  to  the  Adult 
Education  Quarterly  article,  is  the  "juggling 
act"  that  older  students  face  balancing 
family,  work,  and  school.  At  Duke,  post- 
graduate education  can  add  fifteen  to  twenty 
hours  of  study  to  an  already  crowded  week, 
in  addition  to  classroom  time.  IBM  engi- 
neer and  MALS  student  Dick  Knowles 
says,  "It's  turned  twelve-hour  days  into  six- 
teen-hour  days."  Knowles  and  his  wife,  Sue, 
have  been  able  to  avoid  some  of  the 
spousal  conflicts  that  can  come  when  one 
goes  back  to  school.  Sue,  also  an  IBM 
employee,  is  a  fellow  MALS  student,  and 
the  two  recently  collaborated  on  a  paper 
about  Gothic  architecture. 

Executive  M.B.A  program  director  Hor- 
vitz notes  that  time  pressures  force  many 
working  students  into  less  workaholic  ways: 
"They  delegate  more  on  the  job,  which 
allows  their  subordinates  to  develop,  too." 
Evening  M.B.A  student  Marcy  Maslou 
concurs:  "I  can't  put  in  the  overtime  I  used 
to,  and  I  don't  get  into  the  detail  as  much." 


M.B.A  student  Kelly  Leovic  says  she 
makes  time  for  recreation  with  her  bus- 
band  and  friends  by  cramming  study  into 
"little  bits  of  time  that  I  never  thought  1 
had — like  lunch  breaks.  And  I  take  my 
Econ  book  to  the  beach."  She  advises 
those  contemplating  a  return  to  the  class- 
room to  maintain  balance  in  their  lives.  "If 
you  have  a  sport  or  hobby,  stay  with  it.  It 
would  be  depressing  if  school  made  too 
major  a  change  in  your  life." 

Family  support  is  critical  for  adult 
students.  Says  Duke  employee  Waller, 
"Whether  you  are  male  or  female,  support 
from  home  can  mean  the  difference 
between  achieving  your  goals  or  giving  up 
with  the  always  socially-acceptable  excuse 
that  'Your  family  needs  you  more  than  you 
need  an  education,  at  your  age.'  "  To  en- 
courage such  support,  Horvitz  maintains  a 
program  for  spouses  of  M.B.A.  students, 
finding  that  female  spouses,  especially,  are 
able  to  form  support  groups  to  help  with 
children  and  lend  a  sympathetic  ear  to  one 
another's  needs. 

Though  students  all  agree  that  finding 
time  for  everything  is  a  problem,  most 
aren't  willing  to  put  family  life  on  hold. 
Horvitz  says,  "We  tell  our  students  their 
priorities  should  be  family,  job,  and  then 
school."  She  notes  that  many  M.B.A.  stu- 
dents start  or  continue  their  families  dur- 
ing the  program,  since  most  are  at  an  age 
when  their  own  or  their  spouse's  biological 
clock  is  ticking  the  loudest.  For  some  adult 
students,  family  lives  have  been  enriched 
by  their  studies.  In  the  words  of  MALS 
student  Mary  Starling:  "My  daughters 
think  it's  fun  that  I  have  to  study,  too.  I've 
had  assigned  readings  similar  to  those  of 
my  daughter  who  is  a  junior  in  college, 
and  we've  been  able  to  discuss  her  course 
when  she  comes  home." 

And  MALS  student  Mary  Laraine 
"Larry"  Young  Hines,  who  avers  that  "edu- 
cation is  wasted  on  the  young,"  believes 
her  studies  have  offered  a  good  example 
for  her  children.  Hines,  whose  husband, 
Tom,  is  also  a  MALS  student,  says,  "It  has 
been  important  for  our  kids  to  see  that 
education  is  never  over,  and  how  much 
pleasure  it  can  bring." 

For  many  adult  students  the  line  be- 
tween study  and  leisure  is  blurred.  These 
are  the  true  "lifelong  learners,"  who  reject 
the  idea  that  life  must  be  separated  into 
periods  of  forced  activity  and  vegetative 
relaxation.  "You  find  time  for  the  things 
that  you  want  to  do,  and  I've  loved  learn- 
ing from  the  first  day  of  the  first  grade," 
says  Hines.  "I  don't  want  to  get  my  nails 
wrapped  or  go  to  Cancun."  ■ 


Norman    is    a   free-lance    writer    living 
Hillsborough,  North  Carolina. 


CELLS  IN 
MOTION 


Using  "laser  tweezers" 
to  stick  tiny  plastic 
beads  onto  living 
cells,  Duke  biologists  have 
discovered  how  cells  hoist 
themselves  along  in  the  pro- 
cess of  movement. 

Their  experiment  shows 
for  the  first  time  that  a  cell's 
leading  edge  grabs  the  sur- 
face of  an  adjacent  cell  and 
uses  tiny  "cytoskeletal  mo- 
tors" to  pull  itself  past  its 
neighbor.  After  pulling  for- 
ward, the  cell  then  grows  a 
new  leading  edge  that  con- 
tinues the  process.  The  find- 
ings yield  insight  into  such 
processes  as  wound-healing 
and  the  invasion  of  cancer- 
ous cells  into  healthy  tissue, 
say  the  researchers. 

Michael  Sheetz,  Scott 
Kuo,  Dennis  Kucik,  and 
Elliot  Elson  reported  their 
findings  in  the  September  15 
issue  of  the  ]oumal  of  Cell 
Biology.  Sheetz  chairs  the 
cell  biology  department  and 
Kuo  is  a  research  associate  in 
that  department.  Kucik  and 
Elson  work  in  the  depart- 
ment of  biochemistry  and 
molecular  biophysics  at 
Washington  University's 
medical  school. 

While  it  was  generally 
known  that  a  cell  pushes 
itself  forward  by  grabbing 
onto  a  neighboring  cell,  researchers  have 
not  been  certain  how  much  of  the  surface, 
called  the  lamella,  of  the  moving  cell  was 
involved.  The  new  finding,  that  a  cell's 
leading  edge  does  much  of  the  work  of  cell 
mobility  and  that  it  is  structurally  and 
chemically  different  from  the  rest  of  the  cell 
surface,  has  "far-reaching  implications  for 
cell  processes,"  Sheetz  says.  "If  we  can 
understand  how  a  cell  establishes  contact 
with  its  external  environment,  we  can 
understand  how  cells,  such  as  cancerous 
cells,  invade  tissue." 

In  infection,   Sheets  explains,   the  ab- 


MEDICAL 
FUTURES 


Below  the  surface:  cell  biologist  Michael  Sheetz  relies  on  intricate  laser  equipment 
to  study  the  ways  celb  move 


sence  of  movement  of  macrophages  can  in- 
crease infections;  an  ultimate  goal  would  be 
to  propel  and  position  these  immunologi- 
cal fighters  at  the  diseased  site. 

Both  growth  and  spread  is  integral  to 
cancer.  If  cancer  researchers  better  under- 
stood the  basis  of  cell  movements,  that 
knowledge  could  be  used  in  thwarting  can- 
cer's spread.  And  if  the  molecules  and  pro- 
cesses involved  in  the  growth  of  nerve 
cells  were  identified,  it  might  be  possible 
to  promote  the  regeneration  of  nerves  in 
such  cases  as  major  spinal  trauma,  or 
inhibit  it  in  other  instances. 


nnouncing  that  the 
Duke  Medical  Cen- 
ter "stands  on  the 
verge   of  greatness,"  chan- 
cellor    for     health     affairs 
Ralph  Snyderman  told  the 
board     of    trustees     at     its 
September  meeting  that  a 
proposed      five-year      plan 
would  allow  the  university 
"to  fulfill  its  destiny"  as  a 
leading  research  institution. 
The  $416.2-million  plan 
includes  the  following  pro- 
visions: 

•  $301  million  for  build- 
ings and  facilities,  which 
breaks  down  into  $200  mil- 
lion for  clinical  upgrading, 
$22  million  toward  the  Sci- 
ence Resource  Initiative, 
$37  million  to  the  Medical 
Sciences  Research  Building, 
$12  million  for  an  addition- 
al parking  deck,  and  $30 
million  for  general  renova- 
tions; 

•  $59.1  million  for  facul- 
ty recruitment  and  new 
department  chairs; 

•  $25  million  for  new 
clinical  technology; 

•  $23.5  million  for  com- 
puting and  communica- 
tions; 

•  $7-6  million  for  core 
research  technologies. 

The  plan  also  calls  for  a 
closer  review  process  of 
patient  care  to  make  treatment  more  cost- 
effective,  and  for  revamping  the  medical 
school's  curriculum  to  reflect  changes  in 
current  technology.  The  school  will  also 
work  to  ensure  that  medical  students 
aren't  strapped  with  huge  debts  that 
would  discourage  them  from  pursuing  spe- 
cialties, such  as  general  medicine,  that 
don't  pay  as  well  as  other  disciplines. 

Funds  for  the  five-year  plan  will  come 
from  The  Duke  Endowment,  the  hospi- 
tal's operating  budget,  research  grants, 
tax-exempt  bonds,  fund  raising,  collabora- 
tive research  projects,  and  debt  financing. 


INITIATING 
THE  SRI 


With  his  gift  of  $10  million 
toward  Duke's  Science  Re- 
source Initiative  (SRI),  busi- 
nessman Leon  Levine  praised  the  interdis- 
ciplinary approach  of  the  SRI  as  "an  excit- 


Leon  Levine:  SRI  supporter 


ing  concept  that 
holds  great  promise 
for  producing  prac- 
tical solutions  for 
complex  med 
and  scientific  prob- 
lems." 

Levine,  a  native 
North  Carolinian, 
is  chairman  and 
chief  executive  offi- 
cer of  Family  Dol- 
lar Stores,  Inc.,  in  Charlotte,  North  Car- 
olina. He  opened  his  first  Family  Dollar 
store  in  Charlotte  in  1959.  Today,  the 
company  is  one  of  the  fastest-growing  dis- 
count store  chains  in  the  United  States, 
with  1,766  stores  and  sales  approaching  $1 
billion. 

Levine  has  a  long  history  of  involvement 
with  the  university.  He  has  been  a  member 
of  the  Hospital  Advisory  Board  and,  in 
1985,  he  and  his  family  established  The 
Family  Dollar  Stores  Inc.  Merit  Scholar- 
ship Fund  for  students  enrolled  in  Duke's 
medical  school. 

The  SRI  is  the  most  ambitious  construc- 
tion project  in  the  university's  history  and 
the  largest  new  university  research  facility 
project  in  the  country.  Almost  as  long  as 
three  football  fields,  the  three-story  research 
and  teaching  complex  will  house  research 
and  education  programs  of  the  nation's 
first  School  of  the  Environment,  Trinity 
College  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  Duke  Medi- 
cal Center,  and  the  School  ot  Engineering. 
More  than  1,000  faculty,  visiting  scholars, 
students,  and  research  staff  will  work  in 
the  complex. 


BUSINESS 

SENSE 

Despite  their  fast-track  yearnings, 
nearly  70  percent  of  Fuqua  School 
of  Business  first-year  students  would 
consider  taking  paternal  or  maternal  leaves 
of  absence,  according  to  a  survey. 

More  than  70  percent  of  the  surveyed 
students  strongly  believe  gender  determines 
upward  mobility  in  the  American  corporate 
world  and  that  female  stereotypes  are  per- 
vasive. One  student  commented,  "Oppor- 
tunities for  females  and  minorities  tend  to 


be  in  staff  functions  such  as  personnel  and 
quality  control  rather  than  engineering." 

Fuqua  students  aren't  concerned  about 
the  recent  spate  of  mergers  and  corporate 
downsizings  that  have  cut  deeply  into  the 
ranks  of  middle  management:  More  than 
70  percent  don't  think  cutbacks  will  affect 
them. 

Students  selected  Chrysler  Corporation 
head  Lee  Iacocca  as  America's  most  admired 
business  leader.  Wal-Mart's  Sam  Walton, 
MicroSoft's  Bill  Gates,  and  the  new  chair 
of  Salomon  Brothers,  Warren  Buffett,  also 
finished  high  on  the  list. 

The  troubled  IBM  finished  first  as  the 
most  respected  company.  Other  highly- 
regarded  companies  include  Procter  6k 
Gamble,  Apple  Computer,  and  General 
Electric.  Ben  and  Jerry's,  the  small  ice 
cream  company  from  Vermont,  finished  in 
a  tie  for  seventh  among  corporate  giants. 

When  asked  which  industry  held  the 
most  potential  for  M.B.A.s,  19  percent  of 
the  students  picked  manufacturing,  fol- 
lowed by  consulting.  Finance  seemed  the 
industry  holding  the  least  career  potential. 
It  earned  that  dubious  distinction  from 
31  percent  of  the  survey  group.  Students 
cited  recent  problems  on  Wall  Street  as 
their  main  reason  for  avoiding  the  finan- 
cial sector. 

The  survey  was  administered  during  ori- 
entation to  280  students. 


NEW  DEAN 
NAMED 


Lewis  M.  Siegel  is  the  new  dean  of  the 
Graduate  School  and  vice  provost 
for  interdisciplinary  activities.  Siegel 
is  a  long-time  faculty  member  in  biochem- 
istry; he  also  works  at  the  Durham  Veter- 
ans Administration  Medical  Center. 

Provost  Thomas  Langford  said  Siegel 
"will  be  a  strong  administrator  and  has 
earned  the  confidence  of  both  the  faculty 
and  the  administration.  He  is  an  effective 
problem  solver,  he  knows  Duke  intimately, 
he  has  both  good  sense  about  where  our 
graduate  program  is  and  where  it  should 
go,  and  he  can  maintain  the  momentum  of 
the  Graduate  School." 

A  native  of  Baltimore,  Siegel  received  his 
training  in  biology  at  Johns  Hopkins  Uni- 
versity, earning  his  bachelor's  in  1961  and 
his  Ph.D.  in  1965.  He  came  to  Duke  in  1966 
as  a  National  Institutes  of  Health  post- 
doctoral fellow,  and  joined  the  faculty  as 
assistant  professor  of  biochemistry  two 
years  later.  He  was  promoted  to  full  profes- 
sor in  1983. 

Siegel  has  been  active  in  areas  related  to 
graduate  education.  As  a  member  of  the 
Academic  Council,  Siegel  served  on  its 
executive  committee  from  1987-89  and  was 
its  chair  during  the  past  academic  year. 


less  the  beasts:  An 
ocelot  and  an  Asian 
bearcat  joined  more 
traditional  pets  (dogs  and 
cats)  at  Duke  Chapel's  bless- 
ing of  the  animals  in  early 
October.  The  annual  animal 
benediction  coincides  with 
similar  ceremonies  around 
the  world  honoring  the 
birthdays  of  St.  Francis  of 
Assisi  and  Mahatma 
Gandhi. 

"This  is  a  good  time  to 
celebrate  the  ways  in  which 
we're  blessed  by  animals," 
says  the  Reverend  Debra 
Brazzell  M.Div.  '91,  at  left, 
assistant  dean  of  the  chapel 
and  director  of  the  religious 
life  staff.  "Most  of  the  time, 
they  become  like  members 
of  our  families  and  bless  us 
for  years  with  their  love." 


ART  OF  THE 
EIGHTIES 


J^S  ome  got  their  start  on  the 
jggi  streets,  spray-painting  graffiti  1 
sSjBr  messages  and  amorphous  fig- 
ures in  subway  stations.  Others  were 
formally  trained,  earning  M.F.A.s  at 
prominent  art  schools.  Many  became 
big-time  celebrities  in  the  arts  world. 
A  few  fell  victim  to  the  excesses  of 
the  era,  from  drugs  to  self-promotion. 
Two  have  already  died  and  a  third  is 
dying  of  AIDS. 

These    are    artists    who    rose    to 
prominence  in  the  Eighties,  and  their 
creative  output,  which  in  many  ways 
chronicles  the  past  decade,  is  the  lat- 
est exhibit  at  the  Duke  Museum  of 
Art.    "Art    of  the    1980s"    includes 
works     by     Jean-Michel     Basquiat,     I 
Keith  Haring,  Sue  Coe,  Cindy  Sher-     | 
man,  and  Jenny  Holzer,  among  oth- 
ers. Taken  from  the  vast  collection 
overseen   by   the   Eli    Broad   Family 
Foundation,  the  exhibit  provides  illu- 
minating examples  of  how  art  reflects     I 
current  social  and  political  climates,     I 
even  when   integrating   styles   from 
other  periods. 

Sue    Coe's    "Crystal    Night,"    for 
example,  is  a  disturbing  and  violent     I 
mixed  media  work  that  refers  both  to 
Nazi       Germany's       "kristallnacht" 
tragedy,  and  to  the  devastation  of  modern- 
day  inner  cities  from  drugs  and  crime.  In 
Cheryl   Laemmle's   painting   "August,"   a 
huge  decoy  bird  with  smaller  dead  birds 
pinned  to  its  shape  evokes  still-life  por- 
traits as  well  as  the  dreamy,  unreal  quality 
of  Surrealists  like  Max  Ernst  and  Henri 
Magritte. 

"All  the  works  are  good  to  great  examples 
of  each  artist's  style,"  says  associate  curator 
Jill  Meredith,  who  notes  that  the  exhibit 
has  been  popular  with  students  who  grew 
up  during  the  Eighties  and  can  identify  with 
the  popular  culture  references  in  some  of  the 
artists'  work.  From  the  familiar,  simple  fig- 
ures of  graffiti-artist  Keith  Haring  to  the 
contemporary   commentary   and   feminist 
leanings  of  Jenny  Holzer,  many  of  the  art- 
ists are  well-known  to  a  younger  audience. 
"Art  of  the  1980s"  is  also  noteworthy 
j  because  the  Eli  Broad  Family  Foundation 
I  doesn't  usually  lend  an  entire  exhibition 
I  from  its  holdings  of  more  than  350  works, 
preferring  instead  to  lend  out  a  piece  or 
two  at  a  time.  Thirty-two  works  by  some 
twenty  artists  are  represented  in  the  muse- 
;  um  show. 

In  October,  several  of  the  artists  came 

to  campus  to  discuss  their  work  and  the 

decade  in  which  it  was  created.  And  a  film 

i  series,  "Films  of  the  1980s,"  included  works 


Cerebral  expres-  painting,  one  of  thirty- 

sions:  Jonathan  two  works  by  some 

Borofsky's  The  twenty  artists,  is  part  oi 

Moon  in  My  Mind  at  the  "Art  of  the  1 980s" 

2,998,773,  alludes  to  the  exhibit  at  the  Duke 

power  and  mystery  of  Museum  of  Art. 
the  subconscious.  The 


I  by  Hollywood,  the  American  avant-garde, 
I  feminist,  third-world,  and  British  filmmak- 
I  ers  who  explored  many  of  the  same  issues 
I  as  those  found  in  the  exhibit.  The  show 
runs  through  January  5. 


ALL-AROUND 
ATHLETE 


asketball  player  Christian  Laettner  | 
'92  was  named  the  top  male  athlete 
of  the  year  by  the  Atlantic  Coast 
Sportswriters  Association.  The  honor 
marks  the  fourth  straight  year  that  a  Duke 
player  has  won  the  association's  Anthony 
J.  McKevlin  Award.  No  other  school  in 
conference  history  has  ever  won  the  award 
more  than  twice  in  a  row. 

In  1988  and  1989,  basketball's  Danny 
Ferry  '90  won  the  McKevlin,  the  ACC's 
most  prestigious  award.  Football  player 
Clarkston  Hines  '90  won  the  following  i 
year.  Laettner  received  thirty-one  out  of  a  [ 
total  of  sixty-five  votes;  Virginia's  Herman 
Moore  was  second,  with  only  twelve  votes. 
Laettner  is  a  two-time  All-America 
selection  who  led  the  men's  Blue  Devil 
basketball  team  to  its  first  national  confer- 


ence title  this  year.  He  was  named 
most  valuable  player  in  the  Final 
Four  tournament,  scoring  twenty- 
eight  points  in  the  semifinal  win 
over  the  University  of  Nevada-Las 
Vegas  and  eighteen  points  against 
Kansas  in  the  finals.  Laettner  also 
made  all  twelve  of  his  free  throws  in 
the  title  game,  another  Final  Four 
record. 


OPEN-DOOR 
POLICY 


At  its  meeting  last  February, 
Duke's  board  of  trustees 
voted  to  close  its  standing 
committee  meetings  to  the  media 
and  some  administrators.  That  rul- 
ing wasn't  made  public  until  the 
week  before  the  board's  September 
meeting,  and  in  light  of  the  negative 
reaction  the  announcement  re- 
I  ceived,  the  board  voted  to  reverse 
the  decision  on  the  morning  the 
standing  committees  were  scheduled 
to  meet. 

According    to    trustee    Thaddeus 
Webster,   who  chaired  the  ad  hoc 
I     committee   that   recommended    the 
I     closed-door  policy,  the  proposal  was 
in   response   to   trustees'   desire   for 
more  privacy.  Those  committees  are  re- 
sponsible for  evaluating  policy  proposals 
and  then  advising  the  board  through  non- 
binding  recommendations. 

With  the  reversal  vote,  the  standing 
committee  meetings  will  remain  open  to 
the  press,  but  as  in  the  past,  the  committee 
chair  can  call  for  an  executive  session  and 
those  non-committee  members  present 
would  be  asked  to  leave.  Duke  officials 
point  out  that  probably  no  other  private 
university  opens  its  doors  so  widely  to 
trustee  deliberations. 


FIRST-YEAR 
FACTS 


A  profile  of  the  Class  of  '95  reveals 
a  continuing  story  of  academic 
achievement.  First-year  students' 
combined  median  SAT  scores  ranged  from 
1210  to  1410  (Duke  is  among  a  group  of 
selective  schools  that  report  SAT  averages 
only  by  range).  Seventy-six  percent  of  stu- 
dents were  in  the  top  5  percent  of  their 
high  school  class,  and  88  percent  were  in 
the  top  10  percent.  Twenty-two  percent 
graduated  as  valedictorian  or  salutatorian 


46 


at  their  high  school. 

Minority  students  make  up  25  percent 
of  the  class,  including  9.7  percent  hlack, 
5.4  percent  Hispanic,  8.9  percent  Asian, 
and  .6  percent  Native  American.  It's  the 
largest  percentage  of  minority  students  in 
Duke  history;  last  year's  first-year  class  was 
2 1  percent  minority  students. 

There  are  831  men  and  734  women 
overall;  1,329  are  enrolled  in  Trinity  Col- 
lege of  Arts  and  Sciences  and  the  remain- 
ing 236  are  in  the  School  of  Engineering. 

Duke  received  14,287  applications  and 
offered  admission  to  approximately  3,583. 
The  1,565  students  who  comprise  the  Class 
of  '95  come  from  more  than  twenty-three 
countries  and  forty-seven  states. 


BATTLE  OVER 
THE  BEACHES 


Vacation  crowds  of  summer  have 
left  the  nation's  beaches,  but  the 
ecological  action  has  only  just  be- 
gun as  winter  storms  reshape  the  shoreline. 
Also  raging  is  a  fierce  scientific  tempest 
over  nature's  impact  on  artificially  replen- 
ished beaches.  And  James  B.  Duke  Geology 
Professor  Orrin  Pilkey — who  also  directs 
Duke's  Program  for  the  Study  of  Developed 
Shorelines — is  in  the  eye  of  the  storm. 

In  a  series  of  complex  charges  and  coun- 
tercharges, Pilkey  and  Army  Corps  of  Engi- 
neers scientist  James  Houston  have  mount- 
ed a  pitched  debate  in  scientific  journals 
over  whether  the  public  is  being  deceived 
about  the  wisdom  of  spending  billions  of 
dollars  to  pump  sand  onto  dwindling 
beaches. 

The  debate  began  last  year  when  Pilkey 
and  Duke  graduate  students  Katharine 
Dixon  and  Lynn  Leonard  published  a  series 
]  that  analyzes  the  nation's  replenished 
beaches.  The  studies  concluded  that  beach 
replenishment  was  "costly  and  temporary" 
and  that  almost  no  monitoring  of  the  proj- 
ects' success  had  been  done.  While  the  au- 
thors believe  beach  replenishment  is  pref- 
erable to  seawalls  or  groins  for  dealing  with 
erosion,  they  accuse  the  Corps,  as  well  as 
state  agencies,  community  leaders,  and  con- 
sulting engineers,  of  "misleading  the  Ameri- 
can public"  on  the  expected  lifespan  and 
economics  of  beach  replenishment. 

In  the  most  extreme  cases,  they  wrote, 
the  Corps'  projected  erosion  rates  in  Sea- 
bright,  New  Jersey,  and  Myrtle  Beach, 
South  Carolina,  suggest  that  the  replen- 
ished beaches  will  last  for  decades.  As  the 
Duke  researchers  see  it,  experience  with 
beaches  in  the  region  indicates  a  lifespan 
of  only  a  few  years. 

In  response,  Houston,  who  is  the  direc- 


tor of  the  Corps'  Coastal  Engineering  Re- 
search Center,  called  Pilkey's  conclusions 
"highly  questionable,"  claiming  errors  in 
statistics  and  data  analysis.  Houston  also 
asserted  that  beachfills  are  often  "stacked" 
with  a  larger  volume  of  shore  sand,  with 
the  expectation  that  the  beach  will  "ad- 
just" to  the  desired  width  as  the  stacked 
sand  redistributes  down  a  stable  under- 
water slope  and  achieves  a  "profile  of  equi- 
librium." 

Pilkey  is  now  preparing  a  rejoinder  arti- 
cle refuting  that  theory,  because  it  assumes 
no  loss  of  sand  beyond  a  certain  depth, 
usually  about  thirty  feet.  Pilkey  says  the 
assumption  that  only  waves  cause  erosion 
misses  the  well-established  bottom  cur- 
rents first  predicted  by  physical  oceanogra- 
phers  at  the  turn  of  the  century.  In  the 
only  example  in  which  such  seaward  loss 
has  been  monitored — Wrightsville  Beach, 
North  Carolina — severe  sand  loss  has 
taken  place. 

Pilkey  also  emphasizes  the  need  for  sys- 
tematic study  of  beach  replenishment  ef- 
fects by  experts  who  have  no  vested  inter- 
est in  the  outcome.  Pilkey's  initial  article 
appeared  in  the  July  1991  issue  of  the 
Journal  of  Coastal  Research;  Houston's  ran 
in  the  July  1991  Shore  and  Beach. 


Shoring  up  support.-  Orrin  Pitfc 
attempts  to  stop  coastal  e 


Images  of  History:  Nineteenth 
and  Early  Twentieth  Century 
Latin  American  Photographs  as 
Documents. 

B31  Robert  M.  Levine.  Durham:  Duke  Uni- 
versity Press,  1991.  228  pp.  $34.95  paper. 

Some  years  ago  the  pho- 
tography critic  and  cu- 
rator John  Szarkowski 
remarked  that  "when 
Daguerre  announced  his 
great  invention  to  the 
public  in  the  summer  of 
1839,  he  explained  how 
it  worked  but  not  really  what  it  was  for." 
Szarkowski's  observation  remains  unset- 
tling. Surely  so  familiar  an 
invention  needs  no  explana- 
tion. What  are  light  bulbs  for? 
Well.  .  . 

Considered  as  a  language  that 
ought  to  be  saying  something, 
old  photographs  generally 
induce  little  more  than  nostal- 
gia— that,  and  a  sweet  befuddle- 
ment  at  the  way  dead  people 
peek  cryogenically  out  of  the 
past.  Photographs  are  mummified 
moments,  at  once  extinguished 
and  preserved,  sometimes 
fringed  by  hieroglyphs  that 
remain  poignantly  untranslated. 
Recently,  however,  documen- 
taries like  Ken  Burns'  The  Civil 
War  and  books  like  Michael 
Lesey's  Wisconsin  Death  Trip 
have  shown  that  photographs, 
however  ephemeral  their  origi- 
nal purpose,  can  provide  elo- 
quent and  surprisingly  sophisti- 
cated peeks  into  the  soul  of 
not-quite  vanished  times. 

Robert   M.   Levine,   professor 
and  chairman  of  history  at  the 
University  of  Miami  and  a  spe- 
cialist in  Brazilian  studies,  has 
set  out  to  interpret  the  history  of 
Latin     American     photography 
during  the  nineteenth  and  early 
twentieth     centuries.     He     has 
culled  photo  archives  from  Argentina  to 
the  Caribbean,  and  the  result — his  beauti- 
fully illustrated  and  brilliantly  argued  Images 
of  History — makes  a  convincing  case  that, 
from  its  inception  to  well  into  the  twenti- 
eth century,  Latin  American  photography 


was  for  the  most  part  a  reflection  of  the 
shallow  and  repressive  values  of  South 
America's  ruling  elites.  It  is  a  melancholy 
tale,  though  lovingly  and  expertly  told,  and, 
despite  the  obstinacy  of  the  material,  rich 
in  insightful  revelations. 

Consider  the  problem:  Suppose,  as  a 
source  of  visual  history  for  America's  past 
twenty  years,  you  found  yourself  restricted 
to  the  family  albums  of  retired  military 
officers  and  Fortune  500  CEOs — the  pa- 
rades, the  medal-pinnings,  the  banquets,  the 
lawn  parties.  Suppose  further  that  you  were 
bound,  like  a  juror,  to  consider  only  evi- 
dence provided  by  these  pictures  in  render- 
ing your  verdict  on  what  the  times  looked 
like.  How  photography  came  to  be  so  re- 


*       ~3" 
Early  genre:  vendor  "types"  photographed  for  sale  by  Gilberto  Ferrez 

stricted  in  Latin  America,  and  how  it  can  civilized 
nevertheless  be  examined  for  broad  under- 
standing, is  the  task  Levine  has  set  himself. 
His  account  of  photography's  introduc- 
tion into  Latin  America  is  especially  rivet- 
ing. Ironically,  although  the  Frenchman 


Daguerre  and  the  Englishman  Fox  Talbot 
generally  receive  credit  for  the  invention 
of  photography,  their  processes  were  in 
fact  discovered  years  earlier  by  Hercules 
Florence,  a  French  immigrant  living  in 
Brazil.  "Hercules  Florence's  story,"  Levine 
writes,  "demonstrates  the  frustrations  of 
pre-twentieth  century  Latin  America  at- 
tempting to  join  the  mainstream  of  West- 
ern science  and  culture,  and  the  distance, 
psychological  and  real,  between  Latin 
America  and  Europe."  The  French  govern- 
ment, in  a  master  stroke  of  chauvinist  pro- 
motion, pensioned  Daguerre  off  and  made 
his  patent  freely  available.  Hercules  Flo- 
rence, isolated  in  a  colonial  backwater  and 
daunted  by  the  wildfire  spread  of  Daguerre's 
fame,  became  a  footnote  to  pho- 
tographic history. 

Latin  America  took  enthusi- 
astically to  the  miraculous 
invention.  By  now  we  have  be- 
come so  accustomed  to  the  bliz- 
zard of  mass  media  images  that  it 
is  impossible  for  us  to  imagine  the 
excitement  caused  by  the  first 
photographs — more  startling  by 
far  than  the  excitement  of  smart- 
bomb  videos.  Daguerrotypes  fun- 
damentally changed  people's 
ideas  of  what  was  possible. 

But  the  progress  of  photogra- 
phy in  Latin  America — with  a 
few  sublime  exceptions  such  as 
the  work  of  Martin  Chambi  and 
Sebastian  Rodriguez,  both  Peru- 
vians of  Inca  descent — is  a  study 
in    cultural    constriction.    "The 
early    photographers    were    first 
and  foremost  businessmen,"  the 
author  reminds  us,   "and  could 
not  afford  to  take  pictures  which 
could   not   be    sold."    In   Latin 
America,   the   market  for  pho- 
tographs was  ruled  by  the  same 
provincial  prejudices  and  sense 
of  cultural  inferiority  that  frus- 
trated Hercules  Florence;  Latin 
Americans  were  at  great  pains  to 
present  their  countries  as  tidy, 
progressive       places — sanitized, 
romanticized.      Photographers 
shooting  for  local  markets  tended  to  con- 
fine their  work  to  the  studio,  where  it  was 
easy  to  idealize  the  warty  reality  of  the  out- 
side world.   Photographers  producing  for 
the  export  market  catered  to  Europe's  taste 


48 


Sex,  Gender,  and  the  Politics 
of  ERA. 

Donald  G.  Mathews  Ph.D.  '62  and  Jane 
Sherron  DeHart  '58,  A.M.  '61,  Ph.D.  '66. 
New  York:  Oxford  University  Press,  1990. 
283  pp.  $24.95. 


Photo  typico:  a  day  in  the  life  of  the  marketplace  in  tum-oj-the 


Santo  Domingo 


for  "exotic"  images:  topless  indigenous 
women,  servants  posed  like  so  many  lawn 
ornaments — "Brazil,  Land  of  Contrasts" 
sort  of  thing. 

Rather  like  the  Nintendo  of  today,  Latin 
American  photography  remained  a  hugely 
profitable  techno-novelty,  albeit  a  novelty 
with  powers  far  beyond  its  popular  applica- 
tion. Latin  America  produced  no  Jacob 
Riis,  no  Lewis  Hine — no  advocates  of  pho- 
tography as  a  means  of  social  examination 
and  reform.  Nor  did  it  develop  anything 
like  the  monumental  nature  photography 
of  North  America's  West.  Why  not?  Per- 
haps, as  Levine  suggests,  because  "democ- 
racy was  not  an  issue"  in  Latin  America.  If 
Latin  American  photographers  worked  for  a 
cause,  the  cause  was  flattery,  not  argument. 

The  author  devotes  the  second  half  of 
his  book  to  a  cross-examination  of  the 
photographic  record,  demonstrating  that 
while  photography  may  trivialize  or  strait- 
jacket  its  subjects,  it  is  never  devoid  of 
documentary  value.  His  eye  is  practiced  and 
acute,  his  method  alert  to  the  value  of  ques- 
tioning the  smallest  hints,  clues,  and  con- 
tradictions. The  reader  becomes  his  accom- 
plice in  decoding  even  the  most  banal  or 
grotesque  images,  and  soon  comes  to  agree 
that  "photographs  unfailingly  reflect  the 
values  and  priorities  of  the  photographer 
and  the  society  at  large.  If  photographs  re- 
duce truth  to  fact.  .  .  then  these  facts  are 
potentially  documents  to  serve  as  the  basis 
for  historical  analysis." 

The  power  and  resonance  of  Levine's 
book  derive  from  the  fact  that  while  pho- 
tography has  changed  the  way  we  see  our- 
selves and  the  world,  it  has  not  refined  our 
ability  to  acknowledge  the  significance  of 
what  we  see;  it  has  not  changed  the  way 
we  behave  toward  one  another.  Nor  has 
our  ability  to  "read"  photographs  kept  up 
with  photo  technology.  Packaged  "informa- 
tion" is  still  fibbing  its  way  into  the  hearts 
and  minds  of  our  body  politic  (witness  the 
shrewdly    staged    photo-opportunities    we 


see  every  day).  Images  of  History  goes  a  long 
way  toward  polishing  the  lenses  of  histori- 
ans as  well  as  the  general  public. 

The  feckless  Hercules  Florence,  by  the 
way,  would  have  been  pleased  to  know 
that  the  most  celebrated  photo-journalist 
in  the  world  today  is  Sebastao  Salgado,  a 
Brazilian. 

— Tom  McDonough 


McDonough  is  a  documentary  cinematographer  and 
the  author  of  two  novels. 


Sex,  Gender  and  the  Poli- 
tics of  ERA  is  an  impor- 
tant addition  to  the  lit- 
erature on  why  the  Equal 
Rights  Amendment  was 
lost,  and  what  can  be 
done  the  next  time 
around.  It  is  the  only 
book  to  date  that  focuses  intensively  on  one 
state,  North  Carolina,  and  so  it  deserves  a 
special  place  in  the  ERA  chronicles. 

The  Mathews  and  DeHart  study,  nearly 
twenty  years  in  the  making,  began  with 
their  status  as  "participant  observers"  at 
various  ERA  events  in  1973,  one  year  after 
the  ERA  had  been  passed  by  Congress  and 
sent  to  the  states  for  ratification.  The 
weight  and  depth  of  documentation  in  this 
work  is  impressive.  The  study's  value  lies 
both  in  pointing  out  the  unique  nature  of 
the  ratification  struggle  in  North  Carolina, 
and  the  ways  in  which  it  was  a  microcosm 
of  the  states  that  defeated  the  ERA. 

Continued  on  page  52 


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event.  DFC  professional  staff 
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BOOKS 

Continued  from  page  49 


ERA  supporters  in  1972  were  justified  in 
feeling  that  the  amendment  would  pass 
easily.  Thirty  of  the  thirty-five  states  ulti- 
mately ratifying  the  amendment  did  so 
within  one  year  of  its  1972  congressional 
passage,  and  national  public  opinion  favor- 
ing the  ERA  consistently  stood  between  50 
and  60  percent.  Public  opinion  in  North 
Carolina  followed  the  nationwide  trend, 
with  over  50  percent  support.  Only  in  1982 
did  one  poll  report  public  opposition  out- 
weighing endorsement  in  the  Tar  Heel  state. 

The  ERA  serves  as  an  interesting 
counter-example  to  U.S.  democratic  theory, 
in  which  the  "general  will"  gets  trans- 
formed into  public  policy.  The  North  Caro- 
lina Legislature  took  three  floor  votes  on 
the  ERA,  in  1973,  1975,  and  1977.  The 
largest  margin  of  defeat  for  the  ERA  was 
six  votes;  the  smallest  was  two.  The  na- 
tional picture  reflected  the  strange  North 
Carolina  reality.  After  an  early  sweep  of 
ratifications,  with  thirty-five  of  the  neces- 
sary thirty-eight  having  been  achieved 
from  1972  through  1977,  the  ERA  was  ef- 
fectively stalled  that  year:  No  state  ratified 
after  1977.  How  do  we  explain  the  defeat 
of  an  amendment  that  seemed  certain  of 
passage,  and  particularly  by  a  state  legisla- 
ture that  consistently  disobeyed  the  will  of 
most  of  its  citizens? 

Grappling  with  this  paradox,  the  Math- 
ews-DeHart  study  reveals  previously  unpub- 
lished data  and  lends  fresh  insight  into  older 
interpretations.  Previous  studies  have  chron- 
icled the  strategic  shortcomings  of  pro- 
ponents, and  Mathews  and  DeHart  take  this 
into  account.  They  point  out  the  unique 
nature  of  the  North  Carolina  case  by  show- 
ing the  extent  to  which  women's  rights  were 
used  as  a  bargaining  chip  by  a  legislature 
"oriented  to  business  rather  than  the  pub- 
lic trust."  Their  study  also  situates  the 
ERA  battle  in  North  Carolina  within  the 
general  framework  of  New  Right  ascen- 
dancy in  the  early  1970s.  Moreover,  Math- 
ews and  DeHart  provide  documentation  as 
to  the  institutional  links  enjoyed  by  STOP 
ERA  head  Phyllis  Schlafly,  connections 
that  were  unavailable  to  the  amendment's 
supporters. 

Sex,  Gender,  and  Politics  describes  the 
rise  of  "cultural  fundamentalism"  in  the 
early  1970s,  in  which  earthly  culture  is 
merged  with  the  ordering  of  items  in  the 
"sacred  cosmos."  In  this  view,  human  be- 
havior is  conditioned  by  Biblical  teach- 
ings, and  the  reorientation  of  individual 
interaction  is  seen  not  just  to  be  culturally 
taboo  but  inherently  against  the  Scripture. 
In  a  public  discourse  suffused  with  "cul- 


The  Mathews-DeHart 

collaboration  yields  an 

interesting,  insightful 

look  at  the  process 

in  which  the  ERA  in 

North  Carolina  was 

"bargained  away." 


tural  fundamentalism,"  opponent  claims 
about  the  "role  change"  occasioned  by  the 
ERA  touched  a  nerve  among  some  state 
legislators. 

Not  only  did  Phyllis  Schlafly  have  "cul- 
tural fundamentalism"  on  her  side,  Mathews 
and  DeHart  show,  for  the  first  time,  her  al- 
liances with  those  such  as  U.S.  Senator  Sam 
Ervin  of  North  Carolina  and  New  Right 
electronic-mail  whiz  Richard  Viguerie.  One 
year  after  the  ERA  was  sent  to  the  states, 
and  thirty  states  had  ratified,  Schlafly 
wrote  to  Ervin,  pleading,  "Can  you  help?" 
Ervin's  response  was  to  strike  an  arrange- 
ment whereby  Schlafly  would  send  him 
addresses  of  legislators  in  states  with  pend- 
ing ratification  votes,  and  Ervin's  office  then 
mailed  out  anti-ERA  literature,  on  the 
postage-free  franking  privilege.  This  gave 
opponents  a  strategic  advantage. 

The  Mathews  and  DeHart  argument  as 
to  why  North  Carolina  legislators  found 
the  Schlafly-Ervin  interpretation  of  the 
ERA  more  credible  than  that  of  the  propo- 
nent majority  is  unique  and  a  bit  problem- 
atic. Mathews  and  DeHart  emphasize  that 
a  literal  interpretation  of  the  last  four 
words  of  Section  1  of  the  ERA,  that  equal- 
ity of  rights  would  not  be  denied  or 
abridged  on  account  of  sex,  was  uppermost 
in  North  Carolina  legislators'  minds.  In 
this  light,  we  are  told  that  opponents  felt 
that  "there  are  two  kinds  of  sex;  the  kind 
you  are  and  the  kind  you  do,"  and  that 
"both  sides  agree  that  sex  was  the  issue." 
By  this,  the  authors  feel  that  (overwhelm- 
ingly male)  legislators  thought  of  the  ERA 
in  sex-related  terms  and  thus  could  treat  it 
as  sex  is  treated  in  male  culture,  "like  a 
joke."  While  debating  the  ERA,  legislators 
seemingly  were  reminded  of  the  (inappro- 
priate) presence  of  female  colleagues,  the 
potential  for  more,  and  the  possibility  of 
the  loss  of  manhood  through  the  loss  of  the 
perceived  responsibility  for  "protecting" 
women.  Indeed,  an  eminent  Duke  pro- 
fessor seemed  to  take  this  interpretation, 
writing  to  Senator  Bill  Whichard  that  the 
ERA  could  result  in  "vast  sexual  chaos." 


Based  on  the  fateful  1971  Yale  Law  Jour- 
nal article,  some  proponents  talked  about 
the  possibility  of  the  ERA  producing  inter- 
pretations of  the  laws  in  which  sex,  or  more 
correctly,  gender  was  a  prohibited  classifi- 
cation. The  framing  of  the  ERA  by  propo- 
nents as  favoring  "sex-neutral  language"  in 
the  law  allowed  opponents  to  link  it  to  "sex- 
neutral  partnership  in  families."  In  this 
respect,  it  is  possible  to  say  that  legislators 
were  swayed  by  the  words  "on  account  of 
sex"  in  Section  1.  But  it's  a  big  leap  from 
the  potential  of  sex-neutrality  of  roles, 
plausible  under  a  public  discourse  suffused 
with  cultural  fundamentalism,  to  the  idea 
that  legislators  viewed  the  ERA  as  having 
"bedroom"  connotations  because  of  its  en- 
forcement provisions.  Indeed,  Mathews 
and  DeHart  conclude  that  the  ERA  debate 
was  one  in  which  "women  were  sex  first 
and  individuals  second,"  which  seems  to 
be  an  extremely  literal  characterization. 

The  Mathews-DeHart  collaboration 
yields  an  interesting,  insightful  look  at  the 
process  by  which,  in  North  Carolina,  the 
ERA  was  "bargained  away."  While  many 
of  the  trends  regarding  the  demographics 
of  legislative  sentiment  were  contradicto- 
ry, an  overall  characterization  is  that,  on 
all  floor  votes,  in  1973,  1975,  and  1977, 
more  North  Carolina  representatives  and 
senators  from  metropolitan  areas  supported 
the  amendment,  and  more  from  small 
towns  and  rural  districts  opposed  it.  While 
this  may  be  indicative  of  the  persuasive 
effects  wrought  by  "cultural  fundamental- 
ism" upon  some  legislators,  the,  pattern 
also  leads  the  authors  to  conclude  that 
"something  other  than  the  popular  will 
affected  votes."  Sex,  Gender,  and  Politics 
describes  the  "taint"  of  feminism  associat- 
ed with  the  ERA  from  the  very  beginning. 
Combined  with  the  simple  absence  of  pro- 
ERA  women  legislators  in  the  North  Car- 
olina Assembly,  and  the  fact  that  those 
who  did  participate  were  largely  not  as- 
signed to  the  relevant  committees,  the 
ERA  surely  could  not  make  its  way 
through  a  legislature  where  "greatest  credi- 
bility lay  with  banking,  real  estate,  textile, 
tobacco,  and  insurance  industries." 

Sex,  Gender  and  the  Politics  of  ERA  is  an 
important  addition  to  the  ERA  chronicles. 
It  demonstrates  the  necessity  of  electing 
feminist  women  and  men  to  office,  with- 
out which,  any  amendment  guaranteeing 
the  rights  of  52  percent  of  the  population 
and  enjoying  majority  support  among  the 
public  is  doomed  to  fail. 

— Melissa  Haussman  Ph.D.  '91 


Haussman,  whose  dissertation  was  titled  The  Per- 
sonal is  Constitutional:  Women's  Struggles  for 
Equality  in  the  U.S.  and  Canada,  teaches  at 
Franklin  and  Marshall  College  in  Pennsylvania. 


52 


It's  not 

THE  DESIRE 
TO  SUCCEED 
THAT  ASSURES 
SUCCESS . . . 

It's  the 
discipline 
to  prepare 
yourself 

FORrr. 


Executive  Education  at  Duke  prepares  you  for  success. 

Due  to  the  competitive  nature  of  today's  global  environment,  executive  development  will  strongly  influence 
your  future  and  that  of  your  organization.  The  Fuqua  School  offers  a  wide  range  of  programs,  including: 

•  Advanced  Management  Program  •  Program  For  Manager  Development  •  Strategic  Marketing  Program 

•  Finance  For  Non-financial  Managers  •  Negotiation  In  A  Professional  Environment 

For  further  information  on  continuing  executive  education  programs, 
please  call  the  registration  coordinator  at  919-660-6340. 


DUKE 

THE  FUQUA 

SCHOOL 
OF  BUSINESS 


Duke  University  Grandfather  Clock 


We  take  great  pride  in  offering  the  Duke  University  Grand- 
father Clock.  This  beautifully  designed  commemorative  clock 
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we  have  established  at  Duke  University. 

Recognized  the  world  over  for  expert  craftsmanship,  the  master 
clockmakers  of  Ridgeway  have  created  this  extraordinary  clock. 

Special  attention  is  given  to  the  brass  lyre  pendulum  which  depicts 
the  Official  University  Shield  in  deeply  etched  bas  relief;  a  striking 
enhancement  to  an  already  magnificent  clock. 
Indeed,  the  clock  makes  a  classic  statement 
of  quality  about  the  owner. 

Each  cabinet  is  handmade  of  the  finest 
hardwoods  and  veneers  in  a  process  that 
requires  over  700  separate  steps  and  the 
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83"H  x  22y4"W  x  12y2"D.  Finished  in  bril- 
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home.  Call  us  at  (919)  490-0999 
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© 


EDITOR: 

Robert  J.  Bitwise  A.M. '88 
ASSOCIATE  EDITOR: 
Sam  Hull 

FEATURES  EDITOR: 
Bruiser  Pooher  '82 
SCIENCE  EDITOR: 
Dennis  Meredith 
EDITORIAL  ASSISTANT: 
Stephen  Nathans 
STUDENT  INTERN: 
Karyn  Wheat  '92 
DESIGN  CONSULTANT: 
West  Side  Studio,  Inc. 
PUBLISHER:  M.  Laney 
Fundetbutkjt. '60 

OFFICERS,  DUKE  ALUMNI 
ASSOCIATION: 
James  R.  Ladd  '64,  president-, 
Edwatd  M.  Hanson  Jt.  73, 
A.M.  77,  J.D.  77,  president- 
elect; M.  Laney  Fundetbutkjt. 
'60,  secretary-treasurer. 

PRESIDENTS,  SCHOOL 
AND  COLLEGE  ALUMNI 
ASSOCIATIONS: 
Margaret  TurbyfiU  M.Div.  76, 
Dinmrv  School;  Harold  L.  Yoh 
III  B.S.M.E.  '83,  School  of  Engi- 
neering; Robert  R.  Lane  M.B.A. 
'8 1 ,  Fiiqua  School  of  Business; 
Richard  G.  Heint:elman,  M.F. 
'69,  School  of  the  Environment; 
Sue  Gourly  Brady  M.H.A.  '82, 
Department  of  Health  Adminis- 
tration; Dara  L.  DeHaven  J.D. 
'80,  School  of  Law,  Robert  K. 
Yowell  M.D.  '67,  School  of 
Medicine;  Jo  Ann  Baughan 
Dalton,  B.S.N.  '57,  M.S.N.  '60. 
School  of  Nursing;  Marie  Koval 
Nardone  M.S.  79,  A.H.C  79, 
Graduate  Program  m  Physical 
Therapy;  Lovest  T.  Alexandet 
Jt.  B.S.H.  78,  Physicians'  Assis- 
tant Program;  Julian  C.  Lentz  Jr. 
'38.  M.D.  '42.  Half-Century 
Club. 

EDITORIAL  ADVISORY 
BOARD:  Clay  Felker  '51, 
chairman;  Fredetick  F.  Andfews 
'60;  Sarah  Hardesty  Bray  72; 
Holly  B.  Brubach  75;  Nancy  L. 
Cardwell  '69;  Dana  L.  Fields  78; 
Jen-old  K.  Footlick;  Elizabeth  H. 
Locke '64,  Ph.D.  72;  Thomas 
P.  Losee  Jr.  '63;  Petet  Maas  '49; 
Hugh  S.  Sidey;  Richard  Austin 
Smith  '35;  Susan  Tifft  73; 
Robert  J.  Bitwise  A.M.  '88, 
secretory. 

Composition  by  Liberated 
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Graphics  Inc.;  printed  on  Wat- 
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Tan 

©  1992  Duke  University 
Published  bimonthly  bv  the 
Office  of  Alumni  Affairs;  vol- 
untary subsctiptions  $20  per 
yean  Duke  Magazine,  Alumni 
House,  614  Chapel  Drive, 
Durham,  N.C.  27706; 
(919)684-5114. 


JANUARY- 
FEBRUARY  1992 


IXME 


VOLUME  78 
NUMBER  2 


lofty  ambition  achieved  by 
these  two  goal -tenders,  above, 
physics  major  Daniel  Dressier, 
left,  a  junior  from  Atlanta,  and 
chemistry  major  Nelson  Clif- 
ford Klaus  III,  a  junior  from 
Wilmington,  North  Carolina. 
Photos  by  Lars  Lucier 


FEATURES 


A  ROOM  WITH  A  VIEW  by  Lars  Lucier 

What  students  do  with  the  space  they're  given:  a  photo  essay 


RIPPING  OFF  RESEARCH  by  Stephen  Nathans  8 

Far  more  plagiarism  goes  on  than  receives  adequate  scrutiny,  a  problem  that  reflects  the  failure 
of  plagiarists'  colleagues  to  read  closely 

AN  ANCIENT  MYSTERY  UNRAVELS  by  Robert].  Bliwise  12 

After  being  confined  for  decades  to  a  scholarly  cartel,  the  pieces  of  the  world's  largest  jigsaw 
puzzle  are  being  released  to  a  new  generation  of  researchers — and  Duke  experts  are  among  them 

READING  BETWEEN  THE  LINES  by  Bridget  Booher  37 

As  scholars  move  away  from  distinct  separations  between  disciplines,  an  idea's  origin  is  often  as 
provocative  as  the  idea  itself 


FOR  A  NEW  CENTURY  by  Dennis  Meredith  45 

At  $77.5  million  and  175,000  square  feet,  the  Science  Research  Center  is  a  huge,  even  daring, 
interdisciplinary  experiment 

DEPARTMENTS 

RETROSPECTIVES  32 

Cross-continental  competition:  America  goes  to  war  and  the  Rose  Bowl  goes  to  Durham 

FORUM  34 

Too  little  looking  inward,  too  much  on  Kuwait,  just  right  on  open  debate 

GAZETTE  40 

Budget  burdens,  revisionism  rebutted,  philosopher  on  film,  goals  from  Gephardt 


BOOKS  b?  Michael  McFee 

The  latest  from  one  of  the  finest  Duke,  or  Southern,  or  American  writers  we  have 


52 


DUKE  GALLERY 


A 
ROOM 

with  a 

VIEW 

TEXT  AND  PHOTOS  BY  LARS  LUCIER 


LAURA'S  THEME: 
JENNIFER  ALLEN, 


MAJOR  FROM 
PASADENA,  CALI- 
FORNIA, AND  HER 
LAURA  ASHLEY 


As  a  university,  Duke  makes  a  rare 
promise.  For  all  four  years,  undergrad- 
uates are  guaranteed  housing  on  cam- 
pus, an  offer  very  few  other  universities  can 
make.  Although  sometimes  stuffy,  drafty,  or 
crowded,  a  room  is  available  for  everyone.  Dorm 
rooms  are  not  luxury  suites,  however.  Door, 
walls,  furniture,  and  floor — that's  all  a  student  is 
issued  upon  arrival.  Many  miles  from  home,  how 
do  students  make  these  rooms  a  place  where 
they  want  to  live? 

In  the  face  of  this  challenge,  Duke 
students  take  a  fast  lesson  in  guerrilla  interior 
design.  Undergraduates  quickly  learn  from  one 
another  and,  in  unspoken  competition,  try  to 
outdo  everyone  on  the  hall.  To  gain  an  advan- 
tage, students  often  apply  their  Duke  educations 
in  the  liberal  arts  or  engineering  to  design  and 
build  into  their  rooms  a  strong  personal  style. 


LIGHT:  YORK  ROOM 
OF  JUNIORS  DAVID 
BRACKETT,  LEFT, 

PUBLIC  POLICY/ 


PENNSYLVANIA 


This  tacit  contest  begins  on  the 
day  dormitories  open.  While 
carrying  heavy  boxes  up  many 
flights  of  stairs  in  August,  sweaty 
parents  know  that  their  child's  simple 
cube  of  a  room  won't  look  that  way  for 
long.  Some  clues  to  lodging's  future  are 
obvious:  power  tools,  paint  cans,  maybe 
heavy  lumber  stacked  in  the  corner. 
Other  evidence  is  packed  in  the  plain 
brown  boxes:  power  strips,  posters,  and 
enough  electronics  to  dim  the  Chapel 
lights. 


STUDENT  DAVID 
TORGIRSON  Of 
VIRGINIA  MAI 
VIRGINIA,  AND 
HIS  WIRID-FOR 


MOUSE  IN  THE 


YORK,  AND 
DAVID  BRODNER, 
ENGUSH  MAJ 
FROM  PALM 


•^ 


IS 

mi 

si 

*  ■  j 

BOYS'  TOYS! 

SENIORS  VIN 

LACOVARA,  LEFT, 

ENGLISH/PUBLIC 

* 

POLICY  MAJOR 

FROM  MORRIS- 

TOWN,  NEW 

IB 

JERSEY,  AND 

AHMED  EL-RAMLY, 

BIOMEDICAL  ENGI- 

NEER FROM  SAUDI 

ARABIA,  AND 

THEIR  COLLECTION 

IN  CANTERBURY 

*$u*m 


Within  these  pages  are 
examples  of  fairly  typical 
rooms  at  Duke.  All  of 
these  students  designed  their  rooms  to 
be  comfortable,  but  also  to  be  a  place 
that  defines — albeit  in  terms  of  wood, 
bolts,  and  microchips — a  part  of  their 
personalities. 


BILEVEL  LIVING: 
SENIORS  SANDY 


MARYLAND,  AND 
DAVID  SAURBORN, 


JERSEY,  MAKE 
MAXIMUM  USE  OF 


" 


Lucier  '90,  editor  of  The 
Chanticleer  for  1989,  is  a 
free-lance  writer  and  pho- 
i  Durham .  He 
is  currently  a  development 
officer  at  Duke. 


mill 

net 

befor] 

Bull  fconnor  s 
,cr,<Arlc  white 


ripping  with  sweat,  King  stepped  bad 
'asjhe  audience  gave  him  (^thundering 
)u?h 

achievement 

leyed  the 

rto  the 

tational 


til 
the  sgeech  has  been  the 
of  anifetime,  the  clarionj 
morpl  powt 
ons  wl 


work 
A,  d 


th 


r\i  vc/11 


a/tir  Lusher  King, 
dripping  with  perspir- 
ation, stood  back  as 
the  crowd#s  applause 
boomed  like  thunder. 
Although  he  did  not 


BOttKOWEI 


table 
I  hen ,  as  \he  cr 
Rustin  stepped  to 

Wie  audience  fbr  their  verbal  ratijicatio 
specific  goals  of  th&\March  on  Was 
Jobs  and  Freedom' :  pipage  of  KenrT&S^ttfltt 
rights  bill,  a  $2  minimum  w^ge^d^segregation 
of  schools,  a  federal  public-works  program,  and 
federal  action  to  bar  racial  discrimination  in 
employment  practices.  The  crowd  roared 


[j 

DUKE  PERSPECTIVES  | 

R1PPM 

OFF 
RESEARC 

BY  STEPHEN  NATHANS 

1 

i 

I 

i 

i 

|1 

WORD  THIEVES: 

EXPECTATIONS  AND  OBLIGATIONS 

Far  more  plagiarism  goes  on  than  receives  adequate 

scrutiny.  And  part  of  the  problem  is  the  failure  of 

plagiarists'  colleagues  to  read  closely. 

JH&        n  English  professor  leans  hack 
^V^L     from  his  desk,  removes  his 
^m^^L    glasses,  and  rubs  his  eyes.  It  is 
^^^^^^  not  his  eyes  he  can't  believe, 
though,  but  his  ears,  as  he  reads  a  student 
paper  on  Robert  Browning.  He  can't  help 
but  think  he  hears  not  one,  but  two  voices 
coming  through  in  the  text.  One  is  that  of 
the  young,  unpolished,  and  untested  ama- 
teur who  sits  in  his  Victorian  Literature 
class  each  week.  The  other  is  older  and 
more  assured,  confident  and  familiar,  but  a 
faint  enough  echo  that  it  does  not  imme- 
diately confirm  his  worst  fear. 

Still,  he  can't  ignore  it,  this  feeling  that 
he    has   read    this   paragraph   somewhere 
before,   and  he   removes  from  his  office 
shelves  the  best-known  critical  study  of 
the  poet's  work.  He  begins  to  riffle  through 
the  book  with  some  agitation  and,  sure 
enough,  he  finds  it — staring  unabashedly 
from  the  page — word  after  word,  paragraph 
after  paragraph. 

Determined  now  to  confront  and  con- 
firm something  he  would  rather  not  know, 
he  calls  the  student  into  his  office.  He  pre- 
pares for  the  encounter  by  putting  the 
book  under  a  newspaper  on  his  desk.  With 

all  appropriate  candor,  he  informs  the  stu- 
dent, "I  know  you  plagiarized  and  we  have 
to  deal  with  this."  The  student  becomes 
irate  and  declares  his  disbelief  at  how  he 
could  be  so  accused.  The  faculty  member 
reveals  the  book,  juxtaposes  it  with  the 
paper,  and  says,  "Well,  how  do  you  explain 
this?" 

The  student  rises  in  a  white  heat  and 
nearly  explodes  with  indignation.  "That 
bastard!"  he  exclaims,  much  to  the  surprise 
of  his  accuser.  "My  brother  turned  in  this 
paper  last  year  and  he  never  told  me  that 
he  plagiarized  it!" 

When  a  professor  encounters  students 
whose  misconceptions  about  proper  research 
methods  are  that  broad,  says  Duke's  direc- 
tor of  writing  programs,  George  Gopen, 
"you've  got  a  real  problem,  because  you've 
got  people  who  are  not  deciding,  'I  will  not 
cheat,'  but,  rather,  have  no  idea  what  the 
rules  about  cheating  are."  Gopen  has  spent 
much  of  his  career  at  Duke  and  elsewhere 
studying  plagiarism  in  various  forms  and 
contexts,  and  the  pedagogical  and  ethical 
questions  such  inquiries  raise.  Such  an  ad- 
mittedly ugly  subject,  he  says,  demands  at- 
tention. The  story  of  the  purloined  paper 

m  REVIEW  AND  SCIENTIFIC  PLAGIARISM 


While  scholars  in  the 
humanities  are 
sounding  the  alarm 
of  stolen  words  detected  and 
overlooked,  at  least  one  Duke 
scientist  suggests  that  media 
sources  dramatizing  scientific 
plagiarism  are  shouting  "Fire!" 
in  the  wrong  theater. 

Duke  neurobiology  chair 
and  Journal  ofNeuroscience 
editor  Dale  Purves  objects  to 
the  tone  of  recent  articles  that 
have  alleged  scientific  plagia- 
rism on  a  grand  scale.  Purves 
says  he  has  seen  no  evidence 
to  suggest  that  plagiarism, 
particularly  involving  peer 
reviewing  of  submitted  mate- 
rial, is  a  serious  problem,  as  a 
recent  study  in  MIT's  Tech- 
nology Review  suggests. 
While  admitting  that  "a  few 
proved  cases  do  not  show  that 
stealing  is  common,"  Tech- 
nology Review  contributor 
Charles  McCutchen  takes  the 
existence  of  an  unacknowl- 
edged plagiarism  epidemic  as 
a  matter  of  course:  "It  is  half- 
accepted  that  big  fish  will 
appropriate  the  success  of 
little  fish." 

Such  reports  point  out  the 
problems  that  can  emerge  as  a 
consequence  of  the  peer  re- 
view system.  Journal  editors 


typically  seek  out  reviewers 
whose  work  is  related  to  that 
of  the  author  of  the  submitted 
paper  to  get  an  "expert"  opin- 
ion. Because  of  the  impor- 
tance of  priority  in  scientific 
publishing,  referees  whose 
work-in-progress  closely  par- 
allels their  colleagues'  unpub- 
lished manuscripts  may  face 
an  ethical  dilemma.  From 
such  scenarios  come  charges 
of  "sitting  on  a  paper"  and 
outright  plagiarism. 

In  most  such  cases,  Purves 
says,  the  reviewer  responds  by 
admitting  a  conflict  and  send- 
ing the  paper  back.  "The  vast 
majority  of  the  people  are  hon- 
est about  it.  This  sort  of  situa- 
tion doesn't  come  up  very 
often  in  biology.  In  twenty 
years  of  peer  reviewing,  I've 
never  been  sent  a  paper  or 
grant  that  has  reported  some- 
thing I'm  in  the  middle  of 
doing." 

The  reason  plagiarism 
occurs  so  rarely  in  journal 
publishing,  according  to 
Purves,  is  not  because  scien- 
tists are  particularly  honest, 
but  because  of  the  idiosyn- 
cratic nature  of  their  work. 
The  pressures  of  priority  are 
overestimated  because  the 
competition  is  rarely  that  di- 


rect. "I  think  it's  greatly  exag- 
gerated that  if  you  don't  do  it 
today,  somebody  else  will," 
Purves  says.  "And  that's  only 
true  if  the  work  is  pretty 
pedestrian.  If  ten  other  people 
are  doing  exactly  what  you're 
doing,  then  you're  in  trouble. 
The  really  original  researchers 
don't  have  a  lot  of  competi- 
tion precisely  because  their 
research  is  original.  That's 
what  puts  them  ahead  of  the 
field." 

The  problem  in  the  por- 
trayal of  scientific  plagiarism, 
then,  is  one  of  politics  and 
perspective,  according  to 
Purves.  Such  coverage  per- 
verts the  public's  image  of  the 
scientific  community.  "A  few 
cheaters  make  it  seem  as  if 
new  laws  have  to  be  passed  to 
restrict  everybody,"  he  says. 
The  reason  for  the  dispropor- 
tionate attention  is  a  flawed 
understanding  of  what  sci- 
ence is  about.  "If  you  go  look- 
ing for  plagiarism,"  he  says, 
"you  can  no  doubt  find  it.  But 
this  ferreting  out  completely 
misses  the  point.  Plagiarism  is 
the  last  thing  a  good  scientist 
wants  to  do,  simply  because  it 
is  the  ultimate  admission  of 
failure." 


on  Robert  Browning — appropriated  from  a 
longtime  Gopen  colleague — may  be  more 
typical  and  indicative  of  pervasive  trends 
than  the  outrageousness  of  its  punch  line 
suggests. 

Duke  history  professor  emeritus  I.B. 
Holley  calls  the  instances  of  plagiarism 
raised  on  college  campuses  "just  the  tip  of 
the  iceberg"  of  a  problem  that  has  become 
enormously  pervasive  in  American  society. 
As  for  the  size  of  that  tip,  a  recent  anony- 
mous poll  at  Miami  University  found  more 
than  90  per  cent  of  the  students  surveyed 
admitting  to  research  improprieties.  The 
news  media  have  burgeoned  in  recent  years 
with  revelations  of  the  verbal  misappropri- 
ations of  clay-footed  heroes  like  Martin 
Luther  King  Jr.  and  one-time  presidential 
candidate  Senator  Joseph  Biden,  leaving 
the  public  groping  for  ways  to  continue  to 
trust  the  words  their  anointed  stole. 

A  column  by  Wall  Street  Journal  Wash- 
ington bureau  chief  Al  Hunt  raises  old 
charges  of  plagiarism  against  Nina  Toten- 
berg,  the  National  Public  Radio  legal-affairs 
correspondent  who  broke  Anita  Hill's  old 
charges  of  sexual  harassment  against  Su- 
preme Court  nominee  Clarence  Thomas. 
Totenberg  suggests  these  charges,  which 
stem  from  her  1972  dismissal  from  the 
now-defunct    National    Observer,    are    ir- 

10 


relevant  to  her  current  credentials.  Hunt 
disagrees,  assessing  her  actions'  implications 
for  her  profession.  "Purposeful  plagiarism  is 
one  of  the  cardinal  sins  of  journalism  from 
which  reporters  can  never  recover  their 
credibility:  There  is  no  statute  of  limitations 
on  that  judgment." 

Perhaps  the  most  egregious  recent  occur- 
rence involved  the  Boston  University  jour- 
nalism school  dean  whose  plagiarized  grad- 
uation speech  provided  the  Boston  Globe 
with  such  a  hot  scoop  that  The  New  York 
Times  couldn't  wait  to  snap  it  up — word 
for  word. 

With  Stolen  Words,  published  in  1989, 
Thomas  Mallon  devoted  an  entire  book  to 
the  subject  of  plagiarism.  His  topics  ranged 
from  the  rejected  Art  Buchwald  script  ap- 
propriated by  Eddie  Murphy  for  the  movie 
Coming  To  America,  to  the  web  of  sup- 
pressed sources  woven  by  historian  Jayme 
Sokolow — and  untangled  by  others  only  a 
decade  later. 

Mallon  details  the  ordeal  of  a  scholar  who 
became  one  victim  of  Sokolow's  plagiar- 
ism. In  an  article  sent  to  him  by  a  succession 
of  journals,  the  scholar  encountered  an  un- 
attributed  regurgitation  of  substantial  por- 
tions of  his  dissertation.  Editors  at  each  of 
the  journals  were  asking  him  to  referee  the 
article  for  possible  publication.  Each  suc- 


cessive appearance  made  it  clear  to  the  vic- 
timized scholar  that  the  journals  in  ques- 
tion had  not  followed  up  on  his  allegations. 

"What  Mallon  really  highlights,"  notes 
King  scholar  David  J.  Garrow  Ph.D.  '81, 
"is  that  degrees  should  be  revoked  and  that 
university  presses  need  to  withdraw  [pla- 
giarized manuscripts]  and  retract"  their  sup- 
port of  the  plagiarists  who  submitted  them. 
Garrow  recalls  a  similar  situation  involv- 
ing his  Pulitzer  Prize-winning  King  biogra- 
phy, Bearing  the  Cross.  "I  had  a  university 
press  editor  call  me  no  more  than  a  month 
ago  with  a  revised  version  of  a  manuscript 
in  which  I  had  noted  plagiarism  on  a  pre- 
vious review.  It  had  been  at  two  presses 
previously  where  they  said  they  wouldn't 
publish  it.  You  would  think  university 
presses  would  be  more  up  front." 

If  the  sins  of  the  scholars  are  visited 
upon  the  students  as  a  result  of  such  fias- 
coes,  the  problem  lies  less  with  the  actions 
of  the  plagiarists  than  with  the  inactions 
of  those  responsible  for  their  discipline. 
Duke's  Holley  sees  such  problems  as  out- 
growths of  greater  failures  in  universities  to 
instill  a  sense  of  collective  conscience — a 
tendency  to  lapse  into  an  "I'd  rather  not 
get  involved"  attitude.  To  Holley,  both  the 
plagiarists  and  their  tacit  excusers,  their 
teachers,  are  not  doing  their  jobs.  When  a 
professor  fails  to  teach  a  sense  of  social  re- 
sponsibility in  addition  to  his  subject  mate- 
rial, it  reinforces  the  attitude  Gopen  en- 
countered years  ago  at  Loyola  of  Chicago 
when  he  asked  students  what  they  thought 
about  plagiarism.  Their  response?  "It  doesn't 
matter  how  you  get  the  grade  as  long  as 
you  get  it." 

Holley  finds  that  approach  not  only  mis- 
anthropic but  "a  failure  to  understand 
what  college  is  all  about."  Such  an  oppor- 
tunistic outlook  accepts  academic  integrity 
as  a  casualty  of  a  cut-throat  "publish  or 
perish"  struggle.  "It  makes  people  think 
that  coming  to  get  the  degree" — and  con- 
sequently pursuing  all  scholarly  work — "is 
just  a  passport  to  higher  pay."  A  person — 
or  a  university  press — who  accepts  that 
attitude  personally  or  in  others,  according 
to  Holley,  will  abide  its  excesses  as  well. 

David  Garrow  would  agree  with  Holley 
that  even  if  plagiarism  is  not  a  black  and 
white  issue,  anything  that  seems  to  fall  in 
the  gray  probably  shades  toward  black.  But 
he  contends  that  the  issue  need  not  always, 
particularly  on  the  undergraduate  level,  be 
approached  in  purely  moral  or  even  psy- 
chological terms.  In  his  one  encounter  with 
student  plagiarism,  he  spurned  the  disci- 
plinary impulse  and  attributed  the  misap- 
propriation of  sources  to  ignorance:  "I  got 
one  [plagiarized]  paper  from  a  freshman, 
gave  it  an  'F'  and  said,  T  want  you  to  under- 
stand exactly  what  you  did  here.'  " 

George  Gopen  began  exploring  the  roots 


of  student  plagiarism  years  ago  when  he  of- 
fered incoming  freshmen  a  chance  to  ex- 
empt themselves  from  a  mandatory  writing 
course  with  an  essay  "defining  plagiarism 
and  what  do  you  think  of  it."  The  range  of 
responses  surprised  him.  While  some  missed 
the  mark  morally,  others  suggested  more 
perplexingly  a  lack  of  acquaintance  with 
the  issues  involved.  Some  bristled  with  ap- 
parent contradictions:  "Plagiarism  is  when 
you  steal  word  for  word  from  the  library, 
but  it  does  not  include  turning  in  some- 
body else's  paper,  turning  in  the  same 
paper  twice,  or  purchasing  a  paper." 

Gopen  ultimately  found  that  students 
who  harbored  such  misconceptions  might 
come  to  college  fully  prepared  with  a  sense 
of  what  it  means  to  cheat  on  a  test,  but 
not  necessarily  of  what  constitutes  the  im- 
proper use  of  a  source,  particularly  if  they 
have  never  worked  with  source  materials 
in  that  way  before.  When  he  considered 
the  way  his  students  at  Loyola  dealt  with 
the  plagiarism  question,  Gopen  realized  the 
biggest  problem  with  the  exemption  option 
was  that  "it  made  no  sense."  He  saw  no  way 
to  justify  letting  students  who  had  never 
before  played  the  game  pass  through  the 
system  without  learning  the  rules. 

When  Gopen  came  to  Duke  to  develop 
the  University  Writing  Course  (U.W.C.), 
he  was  determined  to  make  it  mandatory  for 
all  freshmen.  At  first  he  required  a  pledge 
that  they  had  read  and  understood  the  fif- 
teen-page segment  of  the  Duke  guidelines 
on  proper  academic  conduct.  Still,  there 
was  no  significant  decline  in  the  incidence 
of  plagiarism,  and  an  alarming  number  of 
the  cases  brought  before  the  student-faculty- 
administration  judicial  board  emerged  from 
Gopen's  first-year  writing  classes.  With  an 
unofficial  but  generally  understood  leniency 
policy  in  cases  involving  freshmen  already 
in  place,  U.W.C. -related  cases  made  judi- 
cial board  decisions  more  difficult.  While 
the  typical  penalty  from  an  unmitigated 
plagiarism  conviction  consisted  of  an  "F" 
and  a  one-semester  suspension,  in  U.W.C.- 
related  cases  it  clearly  was  not  that  simple. 
As  assistant  dean  of  student  life  and  adviser 
to  the  judicial  board  Paul  Bumbalough  ex- 
plains, "the  purpose  of  [U.W.C.]  is  to  teach 
you  how  to  write  and  research  properly.  If  at 
the  end  of  a  course  you  have  a  paper  which 
is  done  incorrectly,  should  the  student 
really  be  held  accountable  for  plagiarism, 
or  is  it  an  indication  that  he  or  she  hasn't 
learned  what  they  were  there  to  learn?" 

With  moral  and  pedagogical  obligations 
at  issue,  the  debate  over  responsibility — bad 
intentions  vs.  negligent  teaching — proved 
as  contentious  as  the  classroom  exercise  it 
necessitated  would  prove  confrontational. 

Gopen's  subsequent  strategy  was  to  have 
his  students  confront  plagiarism  as  directly 
as  possible  so  that  they  wouldn't  just  sign 


"There  is  a  discrepancy 

between  what  we  say 

about  plagiarism  and 

what  we  do  in  the 

real  world." 

GEORGE  GOPEN 
Director,  University  Writing  Programs 


iUImm      tarn 

^^^   ■  EJflH                     !■"! 

5fi 

on  the  party  line,  but  really  understand  the 
right  and  wrong  ways  to  use  research  mate- 
rials. For  the  first  step,  students  would  pla- 
giarize a  given  set  of  sources  in  three  ways: 
word-for-word,  paraphrase,  and  mosaic,  or 
a  weaving  together  of  unattributed  sources. 
That  done,  they  would  complete  the  as- 
signment by  employing  the  sources  sub- 
stantially yet  properly:  "Create  a  paragraph 
that  uses  these  sources,  is  free  from  plagia- 
rism, and  contains  at  least  one  indepen- 
dent and  original  thought." 

Thus  Gopen's  program  eliminated  the 
ambiguity  in  the  pledge  and  the  disciplinary 
policy  that  grew  from  it.  Judicial  board  vice 
chair  Adrian  Dollard  '92,  who  has  experi- 
enced U.W.C.  before  and  after  the  exer- 
cise, first  as  a  student  and  later  as  a  board 
member,  clearly  discerns  the  progression. 
He  recalls  vaguely  the  symbolic  gesture  of 
deference  to  the  academic  code  required  in 
his  freshman  year:  "You  had  to  sign  some- 
thing that  said  'I  have  read  and  understood 
it,'  and  it  was  tucked  in  some  book.  I  don't 
think  I  ever  turned  mine  in."  Not  surpris- 
ingly, the  implications  seemed  as  murky  as 


the  obligations:  "Nobody  ever  told  me  what 
the  sanctions  were,  how  serious  it  was  in 
the  community."  Both  "the  awareness  and 
deterrent  level"  are  higher  now:  "Pretty 
much  always  there's  a  suspension,  so  people 
know  that  down  the  road  it's  pretty  hard 
to  explain  a  semester  missing  from  your 
transcript.  .  .  .  They  take  it  more  serious- 
ly now." 

But  taking  the  penalties  for  plagiarism 
seriously,  warns  Gopen,  does  not  eliminate 
the  ambiguities  of  a  research  enterprise 
that  feeds  on  shared  knowledge.  Gopen 
admits  the  apparent  "discrepancy  between 
what  we  say  about  plagiarism  and  what  we 
do  in  the  real  world."  Between  the  strict  dis- 
ciplinary structures  of  college  and  the  "real 
world" — the  professional  scholarly  world 
beyond  college,  where  "all  scholarly  writ- 
ing is  collaboratively  produced" — a  funny 
thing  happens:  "The  rules  change."  Gopen 
explains  the  standard  procedure  of  unac- 
knowledged scholarly  exchange:  "I  write 
an  article,  send  it  to  four  or  five  friends, 
and  say,  what  do  you  think  of  this  piece  of 
junk?.  .  .  They  give  me  wonderful  advice 
and  I  incorporate  it,  but  don't  footnote 
them."  In  the  genteel  context  of  the  casual 
scholarly  conversation,  "You  can't  cite  a 
specific  idea  somebody  gave  to  you,  if  given 
with  the  collegial  expectation  that  you 
would  give  the  same  back  when  they're 
writing  their  articles." 

So,  of  course,  it  is  misleading  to  teach 
students  that  all  scholarly  work  is  done  by 
"hermits  writing  in  caves."  Gopen  and  his 
colleagues  in  the  composition  field  are  mak- 
ing some  effort  to  expose  their  students  to 
collaborative  learning,  through  peer-evalu- 
ated writing  assignments  in  U.W.C.  Still, 
the  distinction  between  professional  and 
pedagogical  purposes  remains  clear:  "We 
are  not  trying  to  help  you  publish,  we're 
trying  to  train  you." 

Duke  history  professor  emeritus  John 
Hope  Franklin  suggests  that  no  matter  how 
thorough  the  training  or  how  good  the 
intentions,  the  complications  of  scholarly 
work  that  create  the  circumstances  for  pla- 
giarism are  ever-present.  Franklin  recalls 
the  case  of  a  colleague  whose  intentions, 
whatever  his  actions,  were  "as  innocent  as 
can  be.  He  had  taken  notes,  the  notes  got 
cold,  the  language  was  not  anyone's  dis- 
tinctly. When  he  got  the  book  together,  the 
notes  had  been  transposed  from  the  note 
cards  to  the  manuscripts,  and  then  later, 
there  was  the  accusation." 

The  risks  of  inadvertent  plagiarism  are 
"almost  an  inhibiting  factor"  in  scholar' 
ship  and  publication,  Franklin  says,  reflect- 
ing on  the  trap  into  which  his  friend  fell 
and  the  one  he  fears  could  await  him  at 
any  time.  He  recently  signed  a  petition  de- 
fending Stephen  Oates,  a  Lincoln  biogra- 

Continued  on  page  49 


DUKE  PERSPECTIVES 


AN  ANCIENT 

MYSTERY 

UNRAVELS 


BY  ROBERT  J.  BLI WISE 


THE  DEAD  SEA  SCROLLS: 


FREED  AT  LAST 


After  being  confined  for  decades  to  a  scholarly  cartel, 

the  pieces  of  the  worlds  largest  jigsaw  puzzle  are  being 

released  to  a  new  generation  of  researchers — and 

Duke  experts  are  among  them. 


It  was  the  best  of  finds,  it  was  the 
worst  of  finds.  Some  2,000  years  after 
they  were  written  and  stored  away  by 
an  obscure  Jewish  sect,  some  forty- 
five  years  after  they  were  discovered  by 
goat-chasing  Bedouins  near  Jericho,  the 
Dead  Sea  Scrolls  are  more  than  a  source  of 
scholarly  insights.  They  are  also  a  source  of 
scholarly  contentiousness — and  of  reli- 
gious, political,  and  legal  friction. 

The  Dead  Sea  Scrolls  story — slow-paced 
for  decades — was  enlivened  considerably 
this  fall.  One  of  the  country's  largest  inde- 
pendent libraries,  the  Huntington  Library 
in  San  Marino,  California,  announced 
that  it  would  open  an  almost-complete 
photographic  record  of  the  scrolls.  Nearly 
all  of  the  scroll  material  that  was  recov- 
ered intact  already  has  seen  the  light  of 
publication.  But  plenty  of  the  material 
remains  in  a  less-than- intact,  fragmentary 
state;  and  about  half  of  the  fragmentary 
remains  have  been  confined  to  a  scholarly 
elite.  So  what  researchers  will  now  get 
their  hands  on  is  "the  world's  largest  jigsaw 
puzzle,"  says  James  Charlesworth  B.D.  '65, 


Ph.D.  '67,  director  of  the  Dead  Sea  Scrolls 
Project  at  the  Princeton  Theological  Sem- 
inary. "And  they  don't  have  a  good  idea  of 
what  the  final  picture  might  look  like." 

It  was  the  Jordanian  government  that 
appointed  the  original  editorial  commit- 
tee, which  was  made  up  of  American,  Brit- 
ish, and  French  scholars.  Discoveries  of 
the  800  manuscripts  were  made  between 
1947  and  1956  in  the  Wadi  Qumran  terri- 
tory, an  area  under  Jordanian  control  at  the 
time.  Since  the  Arab-Israeli  war  of  1967, 
the  Israeli  Antiquities  Authority  has  main- 
tained jurisdiction  over  the  scrolls  and  the 
photographs  of  their  contents.  Now,  as 
Duke  religion  professor  Eric  Meyers  puts  it, 
"The  floodgates  are  open,  and  public 
access  is  assured." 

And  the  rather  unlikely  force  in  throw- 
ing open  the  floodgates  is  William  Moffett 
Ph.D.  '68,  who  became  director  of  the 
Huntington  Library  a  year  ago.  Moffett, 
former  director  of  libraries  at  Oberlin  Col- 
lege, is  a  British  history  specialist;  the  Hunt- 
ington is,  in  his  words,  "one  of  the  world's 
premier  research  libraries  in  English  and 


Ancient  mystery 
tour:  In  1950,  a 
set  of  the  newly- 
uncovered  scrolb 
had  a  five-day  stay 
at  Duke  and 
attracted  some 
30,000  visitors; 
inset,  the  Isaiah 
Scroll  on  display 


American  history  and  literature."  Still, 
Moffett  and  the  Huntington  would  be  the 
ones  to  break  a  longstanding  scholarly 
monopoly  in  biblical  studies. 

From  the  first  find,  access  to  the  scrolls 
has  been  controlled  by  a  small  group  of 
scholars  responsible  for  transcribing  and 
publishing  the  documents.  In  this  Decem- 
ber's Biblical  Archaeologist,  Meyers,  the 
journal  editor,  calls  on  professional  archae- 
ological societies  "to  establish  firm  guide- 
lines for  publishing  manuscript  materials 
and  archaeological  materials."  Two  years 
ago,  Meyers,  who  also  directs  the  Philadel- 
phia-based Annenberg  Research  Institute 
for  Judaic  and  Near  Eastern  Studies,  lobbied 
the  American  School  of  Oriental  Research 
to  frame  a  new  documents  policy.  ASOR 
has  been  a  longtime  partner  in  publishing 
the  scrolls.  Meyers  wanted  a  policy  cover- 
ing public  access  to  unpublished  scrolls  and, 
more  generally,  protocols  for  "appropriate, 
efficient,  and  timely  publication  of  impor- 
tant unpublished  documents  of  antiquity." 
But  his  effort  has  been  fruitless.  Now,  with 
the  Huntington's  "bold  and  definitive  stand 
on  access,"  Meyers  says,  "the  status  quo  is 
permanently  changed,  and  for  the  good." 

Since  1987,  the  scrolls  project  had  been 
led  by  senior  editor  John  Strugnell  of  Har- 
vard's divinity  school;  Strugnell  had  taught 
at  Duke's  divinity  school  in  the  early  Six- 
ties, right  before  his  Harvard  appointment. 
Invariably  described  as  "brilliant"  and 
"flawed,"  Strugnell  was  an  original  member 
of  the  scroll  editing  team:  He  was  appointed 
in  1953  at  the  age  of  twenty-three.  In  late 
1990,  he  was  dismissed  as  senior  editor 
(though  not  from  the  team)  after  publica- 
tion of  an  interview  filled  with  anti- 
Semitic  vitriol — including  his  characteriza- 
tion of  Judaism  as  "a  horrible  religion"  that 
"should  have  disappeared."  The  interview 
was  first  run  in  an  Israeli  newspaper,  and 
was  later  picked  up  by  the  Biblical  Archae- 
ology Review'  in  the  United  States. 

Meyers,  a  one-time  graduate  student  and 
advisee  of  Strugnell's  at  Harvard,  calls  his 
former  professor  an  "utterly  brilliant"  schol- 
ar who  "never  exhibited  anti-Semitic 
behavior  in  front  of  his  students."  Meyers 
points  to  public  revelations  that  Strugnell 
has  been  treated  for  manic  depression,  a 
condition  compounded  by  drinking.  His 
former  professor  would  lurch  between  epi- 
sodes of  "wildly  expressive  behavior"  and 
"debilitating  depressive  attacks,"  Meyers 
says.  "When  I  saw  that  interview,  I  had  to 
wonder,  is  that  Strugnell  speaking  or  his 
medicine  speaking?" 

Even  before  the  Strugnell  shock,  the 
Israeli  Antiquities  Authority  was  moving 
to  appoint  a  new  co-chief  editor,  set  up  an 
advisory  committee,  reassign  many  of  the 
documents  to  about  forty  new  scholars, 
and  speed  up  publication  and  increase  ac- 


"No  one  wanted  to 

attack  us  on  the 

intellectual-freedom 

argument  that  we  had 

established,  not  with 

every  newspaper  editorial 

proclaiming  us  good  and 

righteous." 

WILLIAM  MOFFETT 
Director,  Huntington  Library 


cessibility.  Still,  complaints  resonated  from 
the  critics,  like  Hershel  Shanks,  editor  of 
the  Biblical  Arc/uieolog}'  Review,  who  said 
the  project's  editors  "acted  as  though  they 
held  absolute  title"  to  the  documents, 
"rather  than  only  having  accepted  respon- 
sibility for  making  them  public."  The  scroll 
editors  "all  agree  on  one  thing,"  as  Shanks' 
journal  put  it.  "Don't  release  the  photo- 
graphs; maintain  the  monopoly." 

Throughout  its  supervision  of  the  scrolls 
project,  the  Israeli  Antiquities  Authority 
has  done  a  thoroughly  "ironic  thing,"  says 
the  Huntington  Library's  William  Moffett. 
Until  the  Six-Day  War  in  1967,  Jewish 
scholars  were  prohibited  from  the  project. 
After  the  war,  the  unpublished  scrolls,  then 
and  now  housed  in  the  Palestine  Archaeo- 
logical Museum  in  East  Jerusalem  (since 
renamed  the  Rockefeller  Museum),  fell  in- 


14 


to  Israeli  hands.  Still,  "In  order  to  keep 
peace  and  harmony,  the  Israelis  honored  the 
old  agreements  that  had  been  set  up  under 
Jordan,"  says  Moffett.  "Those  agreements 
in  part  were  designed  to  deny  access  to  Jews. 
And  one  of  the  principal  groups  of  people 
who  were  crying  foul  were  Jewish  scholars  in 
Israel  and  Europe  and  America — scholars 
who  were  being  systematically  excluded 
from  scroll  work,  because  the  original  pro- 
tocols were  anti-Semitic." 

Adds  Meyers:  "The  mistake  was  made  at 
the  beginning,  when  too  much  of  this 
work  was  assigned  to  too  few  people,  and 
no  one  established  deadlines  or  even  firm 
guidelines — except  a  small,  closed  group's 
commitment  to  a  lifetime  of  scholarship, 
which  is  silly."  It  was  apparently  an  ar- 
rangement that  suited  the  Israeli  Antiqui- 
ties Authority,  which  called  the  Huntington 
announcement  "both  a  breach  of  contract 
and  of  ethics."  The  Israeli  government 
hinted  at  legal  action.  In  late  October,  it 
seemed  to  reverse  itself:  It  not  only  acqui- 
esced to  release  of  the  photo  record,  but 
revealed  that  it  would  grant  access  to  the 
scrolls  at  the  Rockefeller  Museum. 

Over  the  years,  one  frequent  visitor  to 
the  Rockefeller  Museum  was  philan- 
thropist Elizabeth  Hay  "Betty"  Bechtel. 
Bechtel  had  a  great  interest  in  biblical 
archaeology  generally  and  the  scrolls  in 
particular,  and  gave  financial  support  to 
many  of  the  project's  editors.  After  the 
1967  war,  she  grew  increasingly  concerned 
about  the  safety  of  the  scrolls  in  the  event 
of  another  war  or  a  natural  disaster.  She 
received  permission  to  photograph  "all  the 
scrolls  and  fragments  that  she  knew  about 
in  Jerusalem,"  as  Charlesworth  puts  it — 
suggesting  that  some  fragments  might  have 
escaped  the  photographic  sweep.  The  pho- 
tos ended  up  at  four  sites,  including  the  An- 
cient Biblical  Manuscript  Center  in  Clare- 
mont,  California,  which  Bechtel  had  found- 
ed and  financed.  Shortly  before  she  died  in 
1987,  though,  Bechtel  had  a  falling-out 
with  the  Claremont  center's  leadership. 

Says  Moffett:  "From  their  point  of  view, 
she  was  just  a  busybody.  From  her  point  of 
view,  they  were  ungrateful.  Whatever  it  was, 
they  dumped  her.  They  hadn't  reckoned 
that  she  did  not  like  to  be  pushed  around. 
She  had  held  on  to  a  master  set  of  the 
scroll  photos.  When  she  began  thinking 
about  storing  the  photos,  it  seemed  logical 
for  her  to  decide  that  the  Huntington  was 
the  place.  She  already  had  a  relationship 
with  the  Huntington  as  a  donor,  and  the 
photographer  she  had  contracted  with  on 
the  scrolls  assignment  was,  quite  by  coinci- 
dence, the  Huntington's  photographer." 

After  her  break  with  the  Claremont 
center,  Bechtel  arranged  for  the  master  set 
of  photos  and  negatives  to  remain  in  her 
possession  under  the  aegis  of  the  Preserva- 


tion  Council,  a  California  non-profit  cor- 
poration she  created  to  carry  forward  her 
interests.  In  1982,  she  negotiated  an  ar- 
rangement by  which  the  master  set  was 
officially  entrusted  to  the  Huntington  by 
the  Preservation  Council.  "In  accordance 
with  the  agreement,"  says  a  statement 
from  the  Huntington,  "following  her  death 
in  1987  and  the  subsequent  dissolution  of 
the  Preservation  Council,  the  photographs 
became  the  property  of  the  library."  And, 
according  to  Moffett,  the  gift  of  the  photos 
was  unaccompanied  by  any  clause  restrict- 
ing their  use  or  distribution.  Bechtel  did 
express  an  interest  in  giving  preference  to 
Stanford  and  Duke. 

"Not  very  many  knew  about  this  collec- 
tion" at  the  Huntington,  says  Moffett,  ex- 
cept the  editorial  committee  behind  the 
scrolls  project — "the  insiders  in  this  cabal," 
as  he  calls  them.  It  was  a  surprise  to  Mof- 
fett, too.  "I  knew  that  the  place  had  a 
vault  and  had  a  very  important  collection 
of  old  photos  and  negatives  relating  to 
archaeology.  It  clearly  lay  outside  our  major 
mission:  We  were  not  a  biblical  literature 
center,  so  no  one  here  paid  much  interest. 
The  stuff  was  simply  tucked  way.  It  wasn't 
even  listed  as  part  of  our  collection." 

Last  summer,  Moffett  came  to  a  sudden 
realization.  His  secretary  noticed  a  refer- 
ence to  a  best-selling  book  in  England  that 
was  filled  with  dark  hints  about  yet-unpub- 
lished scroll  material.  The  book  reference 
triggered  the  secretary's  institutional  mem- 
ory, and  she  retrieved  the  Huntington's 
scroll  files  for  Moffett.  Moffett  proceeded  to 
quiz  his  department  heads  about  the  con- 
tents of  the  vault.  Then  he  received  corre- 
spondence from  "a  high-ranking  official  of 
the  so-called  official  board  of  editors — the 
cartel — politely  demanding  that  we  sur- 
render our  photos  to  the  cartel." 

"We  realized  that  we  were  being  drawn 
into  this  controversy,  and  we  reviewed  our 
options.  We  decided  that  the  most  logical 
thing  would  be  to  insist  on  free  and  open  ac- 
cess to  the  materials.  We  knew  that  when 
we  did  this,  it  would  mean  challenging  the 
existing  monopoly,  and  that  if  we  were 
successful,  we  would  in  fact  break  the 
monopoly.  If  we  could  successfully  estab- 
lish that  we  had  the  right  to  provide  access 
to  our  holdings,  it  would  be  impossible  for 
the  people  behind  the  monopoly  to  restrict 
access — not  just  here,  but  at  the  other 
repository  sites — to  the  inner  circle." 

Moffett  was  quick  to  sound  out  an  old 
friend,  Duke's  George  Washington  Ivy  Pro- 
fessor of  New  Testament,  Moody  Smith 
B.D.  '57.  Smith's  scholarly  focus  is  the 
Gospel  of  John.  John  literature  resonates, 
he  says,  with  themes  familiar  to  scroll 
researchers,  particularly  "dualisms"  like 
light  and  darkness,  life  and  death,  truth 
and  lies.  When  visiting  Moffett  during  a 


SCROLLING  AT  PERKINS 


When  the  Dead  Sea 
Scrolls  come  to 
Duke — in  the  form 
of  several  reels  of  microfilm — 
there  probably  won't  be 
throngs  of  would-be  viewers. 
That's  because  the  scrolls  are 
written  in  Aramaic  and 
Hebrew;  and  many  of  the 
microfilm  images  show 
nothing  but  fuzzy  fragments. 

"We  have  not  considered 
any  extraordinary  limits  on 
access,"  says  Jerry  Campbell, 
university  librarian  and  vice 
provost  for  library  affairs.  "The 
microfilms  will  be  open  to  our 
research  public,  which  means 
members  of  the  Duke  commu- 
nity and  bona  fide  researchers 
from  other  universities." 

Campbell  adds  that  he's  not 
inclined  to  exclude  the  non- 
scholarly,  general  public — 
though  "microfilm,  particu- 
larly in  a  distant  language,  is 


Librarian  Campbell: 
on  access 

not  exciting  to  look  at,"  as  he 
puts  it.  "Our  policies  at  Duke 
are  very  liberal  in  terms  of 
access,  and  there's  no  sugges- 
tion that  we  should  be  more 
stingy  in  this  case.  That  would 
defeat  the  reason  for  the 
Huntington's  sending  the 
material  out." 


To  Campbell,  the  1 
the  community  of  set 
engaged  with  the  newly- 
released  scroll  material,  the 
better  the  outcome  for  schol- 
arship. There  exists  "that 
unknown  potential,"  he  says, 
"that  the  new  material  repre- 
sents a  significant  body  of 
data." 

"It's  possible  that  the  schol- 
arly world  will  prove  the 
scrolls  even  more  useful  in 
understanding  the  tradition  of 
Rabbinic  Judaism  and  the  ori- 
gins of  Christianity.  It's  also 
possible  that  the  community 
of  scholars  will  look  at  these 
images  and  say  they  are  not  as 
important  as  had  been  claimed, 
and  that  the  only  reason  their 
importance  seemed  so  great 
for  so  long  was  because  they 
were  kept  secret.  It  could  go 
either  way." 


conference  last  August,  Smith  learned 
about  the  photo  find  at  the  Huntington. 
Moffett  "told  me  what  he  was  of  a  mind  to 
do,  namely  to  make  the  photos  available 
in  the  same  way  that  the  Huntington's  re- 
sources were  available  to  any  legitimate 
scholar,"  Smith  says.  "What  he  was  inter- 
ested in  finding  out  from  me,  aside  from 
what  I  thought — and  I  told  him  in  the 
long  run  it  would  be  a  good  thing  for 
scholarship — was  what  the  reaction  would 
be  of  the  people  involved.  My  initial  a- 
ssessment  was  that  probably  almost  every- 
body, except  the  people  who  already  had 
access,  would  react  positively.  Eventually, 
I  thought,  everybody  would  come  around, 
which  they  have." 

Smith  told  Moffett  of  a  find  analogous 
to  the  Dead  Sea  Scrolls:  ancient  Christian 
codexes,  dating  from  the  fourth  or  fifth 
centuries,  that  were  discovered  around  the 
same  time  as  the  scrolls.  That  find  was  in 
Nag  Hammadi,  Egypt.  The  Nag  Hammadi 
scholarly  team  moved  quickly  to  publish 
photographic  plates,  scholarly  editions,  and 
translations.  (But  unlike  the  Dead  Sea 
Scrolls,  Smith  points  out,  the  Egyptian 
material  was  discovered  in  one  place  and 
kept  there,  and  was  never  scattered  or 
caught  up  in  international  disputes.)  "Over 
a  considerable  period,  pressure  had  been 
building  for  scrolls  that  had  not  been  pub- 
lished to  be  released  in  some  form,  so  that  a 
scholar  who  was  not  in  the  inner  circle 
could  at  least  see  what  was  there,"  says 
Smith.  "I  didn't  think  the  decision  to  open 
access  would  be  damaging  to  people  who 
were  seriously  at  work  on  the  project — 
their  work  will  certainly  go  ahead." 

At  the  same  time,  Smith  saw  a  need  to 


satisfy  public  interest  in  the  scrolls.  "In 
press  accounts  there  was  increasingly  wild 
speculation  about  what  unpublished  and 
unseen  fragments  of  the  scrolls  might  con- 
tain— speculation  that  material  was  being 
suppressed  because  it  was  damaging  to 
Christianity  and/or  to  Judaism,  speculation 
that  the  Vatican  through  its  arm  in  Jerusa- 
lem was  suppressing  this,  speculation  about 
some  other  ulterior  forces  at  work." 

With  counsel  from  Smith  and  the  back- 
ing of  his  board  of  directors,  Moffett  pub- 
licly linked  the  Huntington's  decision  to 
intellectual  freedom.  Says  Moffett:  "We  saw 
that  as  the  ground  that  we  could  defend 
against  all  comers,  and  in  fact  that's  what 
happened.  We  tried  to  make  it  very  diffi- 
cult for  the  cartel  to  attack  us.  And  it  did 
attack  us.  It  tried  to  get  various  American 
members  to  sue  us,  but  no  one  would.  No 
one  wanted  to  attack  the  Huntington  on 
the  intellectual-freedom  argument  that  we 
had  established,  not  with  every  newspaper 
editorial  proclaiming  what  a  good  and  righ- 
teous step  this  was." 

Moffett  was  interested  in  forcing  the 
issue  not  just  in  the  United  States,  but  also 
in  Jerusalem,  where  scroll  work  has  been 
centered  in  the  cabal.  "We  wanted  to  get 
the  Israeli  government  to  disavow  the  deci- 
sion of  functionaries  in  its  antiquities  de- 
partment, which  had  ultimate  custody  of  the 
scrolls  and  which  had  provided  the  legal 
base  for  the  cartel  to  operate.  Did  the  gov- 
ernment itself  believe  that  this  was  a  policy 
it  should  embrace — exclusivity,  restricted 
access?  Our  gamble  was  that  if  it  were 
forced  to  take  a  position,  the  government 
would  not  rule  on  the  side  of  the  cartel." 

The  legality  of  Israeli  control  over  the 


scrolls  "is  very  much  subject  to  question," 
Moffett  says,  since  that  control  is  rooted  in 
the  1967  war.  No  international  court  has 
ever  established  Israel's  right  to  the  territo- 
ry seized  from  Jordan,  or  to  documents 
held  by  Jordan — like  the  scrolls — to  which 
it  now  claims  title.  According  to  Moffett, 
"With  everything  else  that  would  be  at 
stake,  it  was  clear  that  they  would  have  to 
attack  us  legally  not  through  the  interna- 
tional court  but  through  some  other  insti- 
tution." He  thought  the  Claremont  center, 
the  original  photo-storage  site,  might  be 
prodded  to  file  an  injunction.  "We  would 
have  been  perfectly  happy  to  have  been 
taken  to  court.  But  no  institution  was  ready 
to  be  linked  with  the  cartel,  which  had 
been  pretty  badly  tarnished  with  criticism 
of  exclusivity,  elitism,  and  paranoia." 

When  a  hearing  was  convened  by  the 
Israeli  Knesset,  "representatives  from  the 
cartel  and  the  antiquities  authority  were 
essentially  repudiated,"  says  Moffett.  "In  late 
October,  they  essentially  capitulated.  They 
had  received  no  support  in  the  world  of 
scholarship,  and  no  support  from  their 
own  government." 

The  Huntington's  move  was  headlined 
by  The  New  York  Times  as  "the  scholarly 
equivalent  of  breaking  down  the  Berlin 
Wall."  True  to  Bechtel's  wishes,  one  bene- 
ficiary of  the  collapsing  monopoly  is  Duke. 
Duke  is  among  the  first  group  of  schools  to 
receive  a  microfilm  copy  of  the  Hunting-  I 
ton's  scroll  photos — about  3,000   in  all. 
The  Huntington  engaged  yet  another  Duke 
religion  professor,  Orval  Wintermute,  to  j 
check  the  quality  of  the  microfilms  before 
they're  distributed  more  widely.  In  what  I 
he  calls  a  "low-technology,  hack-work"  as- 
signment, Wintermute  and  a  graduate  stu- 
dent are  painstakingly  assessing  the  repro-  , 
duction  of  each  microfilm  frame.  Many  of 
those  frames  reveal  mere  scraps  of  docu- 
ments— and  in  some  case,  fragments  of 
papyrus  with  no  legible  markings. 

For  the  scrolls  this  is,  in  a  sense,  a  Duke 
homecoming.  In  1948,  Yale's  Millar  Bur- 
rows, head  of  the  American  School  of  Ori- 
ental Research  in  Jerusalem,  was  away  on  a 
business  trip  in  Baghdad.  Two  junior  col- 
leagues were  left  in  Jerusalem  in  charge — 
John  C.  Trever  of  the  International  Coun- 
cil of  Religious  Education,  and  William  H. 
Brownlee  Ph.D.  '47,  who  would  become 
professor  of  Old  Testament  at  Duke's  di- 
vinity school.  The  two  received  news  of 
"ancient"  Hebrew  manuscripts.  Some  years 
later,  Brownlee  wrote  of  the  meal-time 
atmospherics  the  night  after  the  news 
came:  "[M]y  friend  Trever  was  explaining 
to  certain  boarders  of  the  School  about.  .  . 
the  strange  claim  of  a  Syrian  monk  that 
St.  Mark's  Monastery  had  in  its  possession 
ancient  scrolls  going  back  to  the  time  of 
Christ.  .   .  .  Although  he  was  skeptical  of 


"The  mistake  was  made 
at  the  beginning,  when 

too  much  of  this  work 
was  assigned  to  too  few 

people.  No  one 
established  deadlines  or 

even  firm  guidelines." 

ERIC  MEYERS 
i  Professor 


the  issue,  he  thought  it  wise  to  look  into 
the  matter."  The  next  day,  Trever  and 
Brownlee  were  presented  with  "a  satchel 
containing  five  leather  (or  parchment) 
scrolls,"  and  set  about  independently  deci- 
phering and  identifying  them.  (As  it  hap- 
pened, two  of  the  scrolls  were  "obviously 
by  the  same  hand,"  so  the  scholarly  pair 
would  conclude  that  they  were  working 
not  with  five  but  four  scrolls.) 

The  next  evening,  Trever  and  Brownlee 
continued  their  scroll  scrutiny  by  kerosene 
lamps,  "for  gunfire  had  cut  the  electric 
power  line,"  Brownlee  said.  "[B]ut  it  was 
thrilling  to  know  that  barring  forgery, 
which  we  were  bound  to  investigate  seri- 
ously, we  were  dealing  with  Hebrew  scrolls 
older  than  any  previously  known.  ..." 
Later,  preparing  to  photograph  the  scrolls, 
they  thought  it  providential  that  "the  lights 
came  on  just  when  we  needed  them;  but 
the  electricity  was  so  unsteady  that  we 


checked  the  light  intensity  for  nearly  every 
shot.  .  .  .  We  started  with  the  Isaiah 
Scroll,  which  was  about  twenty-four  feet 
long  and  about  ten  inches  high.  It  consisted 
of  seventeen  sheets  or  strips  of  leather 
sewed  end  to  end.  The  text  was  distributed 
into  fifty-four  columns.  Although  in  a  re- 
markable state  of  preservation,  the  scrolls 
were  somewhat  brittle  and  refused  to  lie 
flat  for  photographing,  so,  as  far  out  on 
each  side  as  possible,  I  gently  pressed  the 
manuscript  flat  while  Trever  clicked  the 
camera." 

In  the  four  scrolls,  Trever  and  Brownlee 
found  not  only  a  complete  text  of  the  book 
of  Isaiah,  but  also  a  commentary  on  the 
prophet  Habakkuk  and  a  charter  docu- 
ment for  a  Jewish  sectarian  community, 
setting  forth  the  rules  of  ritual,  discipline, 
doctrine,  and  worship.  They  could  not 
identify  the  fourth  scroll  because  it  was  "so 
brittle  and  so  tightly  stuck  together  that  it 
defied  unrolling."  The  fourth  scroll  would 
prove  to  be  a  vivid  rendering  of  Genesis, 
the  earliest  known  document  in  Aramaic. 

The  find  had  come  less  than  a  year  be- 
fore, when  Bedouin  nomads  stumbled  on  a 
cave  near  the  Dead  Sea.  The  dry  air  of  the 
region  had  helped  to  preserve  the  scrolls, 
which  were  wrapped  in  linen  cloth  and 
sealed  in  pottery  jars  characteristic  of  the 
Maccabaean  Age  (165-37  B.C.).  For  the 
scroll-bearing  Bedouins,  the  first  stop  had 
been  the  Moslem  sheikh  in  Bethlehem. 
The  cleric  mistakenly  took  the  writing  for 
a  form  of  Syriac  and  suggested  selling  the 
scrolls  to  the  Archbishop  of  the  Syrian 
Orthodox  church  in  Jerusalem.  It  was  the 
Syrians  who  brought  the  first  of  the  manu- 
scripts to  Brownlee  and  his  colleagues  at 
the  American  School  of  Oriental  Research 
for  identification  and  dating. 

In  1948,  conditions  were  hardly  inviting 
for  leisurely  study  of  the  documents  in 
Jerusalem.  The  British  Mandate  was  rapidly 
drawing  to  a  close,  the  Israeli  state  was 
about  to  be  created,  and  violence  was  esca- 
lating. After  they  completed  the  photo- 
graphing, the  team  of  scholars  returned 
the  documents  to  the  care  of  the  Arch- 
bishop, Athanasius  Yeshue  Samuel.  For 
their  own  safety,  they  headed  back  to  the 
United  States.  That  fall,  Brownlee  was 
offered  a  position  at  Duke  teaching  under- 
graduate Bible;  his  divinity  school  assign- 
ment would  follow.  Just  as  he  was  begin- 
ning at  Duke,  Millar  Burrows,  his  old 
mentor,  asked  Brownlee  to  write  a  transla- 
tion of  the  Habakkuk  Commentary.  "Like 
a  fool,  I  agreed  to  try,"  Brownlee  remem- 
bered— despite  the  fact  that  "this  was  my 
first  semester  of  teaching,  with  twelve 
hours  of  classes  to  meet  each  week  and 
about  145  students,  whose  papers  I  graded 
personally." 

Continued  on  page  50 


16 


DUKE 


HONORING 
ADAMS 


Environmental  activist  John 
Hamilton  Adams  LL.B.  '62 
received  the  Duke  Alumni 
Association's  Distinguished  Alum- 
ni Award  for  1991  at  Founders' 
Day  ceremonies  in  December.  He 
is  the  tenth  recipient  of  the  award. 

Adams  is  executive  director  of 
the  Natural  Resources  Defense 
Council.  He  co-founded  the  coun- 
cil two  decades  ago,  assisted  by  a 
$100,000  Ford  Foundation  grant, 
as  a  public-interest  environmental 
law  firm.  It  has  grown  since  1970 
from  a  handful  of  supporters  to  a 
150,000-member,  nonprofit  orga- 
nization with  a  $16-million  budget 
and  a  staff  of  150,  including 
lawyers  and  scientists  dedicated  to 
protecting  natural  resources  and 
improving  the  quality  of  the  envi- 
ronment. The  NRDC's  influence 
on  and  monitoring  of  U.S.  envi- 
ronmental laws  has  earned  it  the 
reputation  as  "the  shadow  EPA"; 
the  NRDC  has  helped  pass  nearly 
all  the  environmental  laws  in  this 
country,  including  the  Clean  Air 
Act,  the  Clean  Water  Act,  and  the 
Toxic  Substances  Control  Act. 

"It  is  my  opinion  that  John  and 
the  NRDC  have  been  the  most  important 
single  force  in  environmental  law  in  the 
United  States,"  wrote  Durwood  Zaelke,  di- 
rector of  the  Centre  for  International  En- 
vironmental Law,  in  support  of  Adams' 
nomination.  "John  has  led  the  NRDC  to 
its  pre-eminence  through  a  combination  of 
intelligence,  integrity,  and  vision.  His  leader- 
ship has  always  been  steady  and  confident, 
oftentimes  daring,  and  always  prescient." 

Born  in  New  York  City  in  1936,  Adams 
earned  a  bachelor's  in  history  in  1959  at 
Michigan  State  before  coming  to  Duke.  He 
worked  at  a  New  York  law  firm  for  three 
years  before  serving  for  four  years  as  assis- 
tant U.S.  attorney  for  New  York's  South- 
ern district. 

Adams  is  married  to  a  writer,  Patricia 


NRDC 


portant  single  force  in  environmental  law 


Brandon   Smith,    and    they   have    three 
children. 

A  member  of  the  Duke  law  school's 
board  of  visitors,  he  is  president  of  the 
Open  Space  Institute  and  on  the  board  of 
directors  of  the  Catskill  Center  for  Con- 
servation, the  Hudson  River  Foundation  of 
Science  and  Environmental  Research,  the 
World  Resources  Institute,  the  Winston 
Foundation  for  World  Peace,  the  Institute 
for  Resource  Management,  the  American 
Conservation  Association,  and  the  New 
York  Governor's  Environmental  Advisory 
Board.  In  1990,  he  was  one  of  five  to  re- 
ceive an  "As  They  Grow"  Award,  presented 
by  Parents  magazine  to  recognize  "Ameri- 
cans who  daily  make  a  difference  in  the 
lives  of  our  children." 


|       The    Distinguished    Alumni 
-  Award   is   given   to   alumni  who 
1  have  distinguished  themselves  by 
|  contributions  they  have  made   in 
their  own  fields  of  work,  in  service 
to  the  university,  or  in  the  better- 
ment   of  humanity.    All    alumni, 
other    than    current    Duke    em- 
ployees, are  eligible  for  considera- 
tion. 

Past  recipients  of  the  award  are 
former  Secretary  of  Commerce 
Juanita  Morris  Kreps  A.M.  '44, 
Ph.D.  '48;  novelist  William  Styron 
'47;  former  Secretary  of  Labor  Eliz- 
abeth Hanford  Dole  '58;  Duke 
Endowment  chair  Mary  Duke  Bid- 
die  Trent  Semans  '39;  author  and 
professor  Reynolds  Price  '55;  exec- 
utive and  philanthropist  Edwin 
Lee  Jones  Jr.  B.S.C.E.  '48;  execu- 
tive, scientist,  and  civic  leader  W. 
David  Stedman  '42;  trustee  emeri- 
ta  and  philanthropist  Isobel 
Craven  Drill  '37;  and  L.  Neil 
Williams  Jr.  '58,  J.D.  '61,  former 
chair  of  Duke's  board  of  trustees. 

Nominations  for  the  1992  Dis- 
tinguished Alumni  Award  can  be 
made  on  a  special  form  available 
in  these  pages,  or  from  the  Alumni 
Affairs  office.  The  deadline  is  Au- 
gust 31.  To  receive  additional 
forms,  write  Barbara  Pattishall, 
Alumni  Affairs  Associate  Director, 
614  Chapel  Drive,  Durham,  N.C. 
27706,  or  call  (919)  684-5114;  (800) 
FOR-DUKE. 


FALL  CALL 
TO  ORDER 


utumn  on  campus  means  more 
than  football  and  falling  leaves; 
there's  the  seasonal  pilgrimage  of 
alumni  who  serve  as  volunteers  on  various 
boards.  October  brought  the  Duke  Alumni 
Association  (DAA)  and  November  Duke 
Magazine's  Editorial  Advisory  Board. 
The  October  weekend  began  with  an 


17 


afternoon  orientation  session  on  Friday  for 
new  DAA  board  members  and  an  evening 
cocktail  buffet  at  the  home  of  John  J.  Piva 
Jr.,  senior  vice  president  for  alumni  affairs 
and  development  at  Duke.  Standing  com- 
mittee meetings  were  held  all  day  Satur- 
day, with  a  break  for  lunch  in  the  Union 
on  West  Campus.  That  evening,  Duke  his- 
tory professor  Robert  F.  Durden  was  guest 
speaker  at  the  board  dinner  in  the  Wash- 
ington Duke  Inn.  He  discussed  the  con- 
flicting opinions  during  the  early  Sixties  of 
Duke  president  Hollis  Edens  and  chem- 
istry professor  Paul  M.  Gross  on  Duke's 
place  in  higher  education:  Gross  felt  Duke 
should  exemplify  excellence  as  a  regional 
university,  while  Edens  envisioned  Duke's 
stature  as  a  national  institution. 

Sunday  morning's  DAA  board  meeting 
featured  reports  by  committee  chairs  of 
Saturday's  meetings.  Finance  Committee 
chair  Edward  M.  Hanson  Jr.  '73,  A.M.  '77, 
J.D.  '77  reported  that  dues  income  was 
slightly  behind  the  pace  of  last  year,  but 
375  paid  life  memberships  had  been  re- 
ceived. (The  current  total  is  436.) 

The  Alumni  Admissions  Advisory  Com- 
mittee (AAAC)  is  chaired  by  Laurie  Eisen- 
berg  May  '71,  and  the  210  committees  are 
administered  in  the  alumni  office  by  a  new 
director,  Edith  Sprunt  Toms  '62.  May  re- 
ported that  the  committee,  which  also  over- 
sees the  alumni  scholarship  program,  may 
recommend  increasing  the  stipend  for 
Alumni  Scholars  next  year. 

Clubs  chair  James  D.  Warren  '79  intro- 
duced Alumni  Affairs'  new  employee  with 
clubs,  Julia  Palmer  '85.  He  reported  that 
committee  assignments  were  made  in  the 
areas  of  foreign  clubs,  small,  domestic  clubs, 
community  service,  and — through  the 
Career  Development  Center — jobs. 

William  Crain  '63,  who  chairs  the 
Alumni  Continuing  Education  and  Travel 
Committee,  reported  that  his  committee 
discussed  six  goals:  a  logo  for  the  continuing 
education  program,  a  spring  alumni  college, 
a  one-day  "road  show,"  continued  develop- 
ment of  the  Duke  Directions  "mini-col- 
lege" as  part  of  reunions,  an  alumni  survey 
on  continuing  education,  and  promotion 
of  the  program  in  the  magazine. 

Ross  Harris  '78,  M.B.A.  '80,  reporting  for 
the  Marketing  Committee,  said  that  the 
committee  is  considering  several  insurance 
products,  has  approved  a  promotional 
effort  by  North  Carolina  for  vanity  Duke 
license  plates,  and  that  an  agreement  had 
been  reached  with  SkillSearch,  a  firm  of- 
fering resume  and  employment  "network- 
ing" opportunities  for  alumni. 

Linda  Gerber,  director  of  development 
at  Duke,  reported  that  total  giving  to  Duke 
for  1990-91  was  up  by  only  5.2  percent 
and  cited  the  Gulf  War,  the  recession,  and 
reaction  to  the  "political  correctness"  issue 


as  reasons  for  the  modest  increase.  She  also 
noted  that  December  31,  1991,  marks  the 
official  end  of  the  Capital  Campaign  for 
the  Arts  &  Sciences  and  Engineering  and 
The  Campaign  for  Duke. 

DAA  president  James  R.  Ladd  '64  gave 
the  trustees  report  for  the  absent  Lee  Clark 
Johns  '64,  immediate  past  president  and 
DAA  representative  to  Duke's  board  of 
trustees.  He  discussed  the  university's  con- 
cern with  a  tight  budget  situation  attribut- 
ed to  five  reasons:  declining  investment 
income  as  interest  rates  dropped,  reduced 
pay-out  from  endowments  as  stipulated  by 
the  trustees,  controlled  enrollment  and  at- 
tendant tuition  income  drop,  a  funded  de- 
ferred maintenance  program,  and  academic 
costs  that  rise  faster  than  the  consumer 
price  index. 

Homecoming  Weekend  lured  Duke 
Magazine's  Editorial  Advisory  Board  back 
to  campus  in  November.  Board  members, 
the  editorial  staff,  and  other  guests  were 
entertained  Friday  night  at  the  home  of 
John  F.  Burness,  senior  vice  president  for 
public  affairs.  The  board,  whose  chair  is 
M  magazine  editor  Clay  Felker  '51,  met  Sat- 
urday morning.  The  afternoon  was  free  to 
attend  the  alumni  pregame  barbecue  in 
Cameron,  various  tours  offered  by  the  re- 
unions office,  football,  and  even  basket- 
ball— the  annual  Blue  and  White  Scrim- 
mage. That  evening,  board  members  were 
guests  of  the  editorial  staff  at  the  University 
Club  at  University  Tower,  with  Stanley 
Fish,  professor  of  English,  as  guest  speaker. 

Sunday  morning's  occasion  was  a  break- 
fast discussion  by  Duke  Soviet  experts: 
economist  Vladimir  Treml,  economist 
Thomas  Naylor,  and  Fuqua  Soviet  Man- 
agers Program  director  Jeffrey  Smith. 


PRESIDENTIAL 
PIONEER 

James  R.  Ladd 
'64,  the  new 
president  of 
the  Duke  Alumni 
Association  (DAA), 
must  have  some  of 
that  Pacific  North- 
west pioneer  spirit. 
After  all,  he  grew 
up  in  Washington 
State,  was  lured  East 
to  attend  Duke,  but 
returned  home  to 
Seattle  and  became 
aCPA 

Soon  he  pioneered  almost  a  side  career 
setting  up  far-flung  outposts  for  Duke 
alumni — on  both  sides  of  the  Pacific.  First, 


Alumni  leader  Ladd:  con- 
tinuing education  is  key 


there  was  his  home  base.  "I  was  involved  in 
the  initial  self-appointed  committee  to  or- 
ganize a  Duke  group,"  Ladd  recalls.  "Llew 
Pritchard  [LL.D.  '61]  became  the  first  pres- 
ident; I  was  treasurer.  Then  I  became  the 
second  president  of  the  Duke  Club  of 
Seattle,  which  had  a  different  name  at  the 
time.  It  was  a  contact  club  then." 

Ladd  was  also  a  pioneer  in  the  alumni 
admissions  advisory  area,  serving  as  a  com- 
mittee of  one.  "It  was  in  the  very  begin- 
ning. I  had  read  something  about  it  in  the 
alumni  publication  and  wrote  a  letter  vol- 
unteering to  help  in  Seattle,"  he  says.  "In 
the  early  years,  there  were  only  about  a 
dozen  or  so  kids  here  who  applied  to  Duke, 
so  one  person  could  handle  it." 

In  1979,  Northwest  met  East  when  Ladd's 
company,  Deloitte  &  Touche,  where  he  is  a 
managing  director,  transferred  him  to  Tokyo, 
Japan.  "While  I  was  there,"  he  says,  "one 
of  Duke's  alumni  travel  groups  was  coming 
through  Tokyo  and  the  alumni  office  asked 
me  if  I  would  help  organize  a  reception 
with  some  local  alumni."  He  gathered 
both  local  and  transplanted  alumni  for  this 
first,  unofficial  club  event. 

The  success  of  that  event  indicated  to 
Ladd  enough  interest  by  alumni  in  Japan 
to  support  an  Asian  Pacific  outpost.  Ladd 
had  met  Hisashi  Yamada  Ph.D.  '84,  an 
economics  professor  at  a  local  university, 
whom  he  thought  would  be  the  ideal  candi- 
date to  chair  the  new  Duke  Club  of  Tokyo. 
"But  he  didn't  want  to.  He  was  a  typically 
modest  Japanese  man,"  Ladd  says.  "So  we 
agreed  to  be  co-chairs:  co-chairman  (Jap- 
anese), co-chairman  (American).  Again,  it 
was  a  contact  club,  but  we  had  three 
events." 

Ladd,  who  returned  to  Seattle  in  1986, 
says  the  contact  clubs  provide  a  valuable 
and  needed  alumni  connection  on  this 
side  of  the  Pacific,  but  have  a  dual  purpose 
abroad.  "I  think  the  Americans  in  Tokyo 
had  a  natural  affinity,  and  club  functions 
provided  that.  I  think  for  the  Japanese,  it 
was  a  different  feeling.  For  them,  going  to 
Duke  was  a  great  experience,  too.  But  it 
wasn't  just  going  to  college,  it  was  going  to 
the  United  States.  They  have  trouble  sep- 
arating the  two;  it's  a  way  of  remaining 
connected  to  the  United  States  by  remain- 
ing connected  to  Duke." 

The  Ladds  also  have  a  natural  affinity  to 
Duke — for  three  generations.  Ladd's  father, 
Robert  D.  Ladd,  graduated  in  1941,  his  son 
Brian  in  1991,  and  his  daughter  Jenny  is  a 
junior.  He  and  his  wife,  Sherry,  and  son 
Casey  live  in  Bellevue,  Washington. 

Ladd  became  a  member  of  the  DAA 
board  of  directors  in  1986,  served  on  the 
Clubs  Committee,  and  has  since  chaired 
the  Bylaws  and  the  Dues  and  Membership 
Services  committees  before  being  elected 
president-elect,   which   includes   chairing 


the  Finance  Committee  ex  officio. 

As  DAA  president,  will  he  have  an 
agenda?  "I  don't  have  an  agenda,  I  have  a 
philosophy,"  he  answers.  "We're  an  advi- 
sory board,  representing  a  span  of  ages  and 
geographic  regions.  We  come  from 
different  schools  within  the  uni- 
versity. Among  us,  the  intent  is 
that  we  represent  a  cross-section  of 
the  alumni  in  being  able  to  give 
our  own  perspectives  back  to  the 
university. 

"What  I  think  the  board  is  espe- 
cially keen  on  right  now  is  the 
concept  of  enhancing  alumni  edu- 
cation opportunities.  It's  a  way  for 
the  university  to  continue  serving 
alumni  and  for  the  alumni  to  feel 
and  recognize  that  they  are  still  a 
part  of  the  university.  And  I  think 
that  a  continuing  education  pro- 
gram is  the  key,  on  campus  and 
through  local  clubs — outposts,  if 
you  will.  People  came  to  Duke  for 
education,  and  people  remember 
the  educational  part,  not  just  the 
social  experiences. 

"Our  goal  is  to  have  programs 
that  will  attract  people.  We're  very  geo- 
graphically dispersed  and  that  may  create 
more  problems  in  attracting  people  than 
would  be  true  for,  say,  a  state  university, 
where  the  majority  of  people  still  live  in 
that  state.  But  the  nature  of  our  alumni 
body  may  create  a  greater  need  for  contin- 
uing education.  My  perspective  is  that 
because  we're  so  dispersed,  alumni  may 
actually  want  that  educational  connection 
to  Duke." 


the  simplest  route  to  simple  pleasures — 
namely,  peppers  and  other  spices  for  eager 
European  eaters.  (Trade  routes  to  the  East 
had  been  cut  off  when  the  Turks  took  over 
Constantinople.)  The  notion  of  the  earth 


DISCOVERING 
COLUMBUS 


Christopher  Columbus — hero  or  vil- 
lain of  history?  Selfless  explorer  or 
self-interested  mercantilist?  The  spark 
of  a  legacy  of  brilliant  achievement,  or  the 
force  behind  centuries  of  exploitation? 

Assembling  for  the  fall  Alumni  College, 
about  thirty  alumni  and  friends  returned 
during  the  last  weekend  in  October  to  con- 
sider the  person,  the  times,  the  impact, 
and  the  interpretation  of  Columbus.  They 
indulged  in  "Worlds  in  Collision"  at  the 
Washington  Duke  Inn,  on  the  periphery  of 
West  Campus. 

Among  the  highlights  of  the  weekend:  a 
bit  of  "living  history"  with  the  portrayal  of 
Columbus  by  Elliot  Engel.  A  self-described 
"stand-up  scholar,"  Engel  is  an  interpreter 
of  historical  characters  and  a  North  Car- 
olina State  University  English  professor. 
Engel  sketched  an  explorer  driven  to  find 


as  a  sphere,  Engel-as-Columbus  pointed 
out,  wasn't  Columbus'  real  contribution:  It 
was  known  to  the  ancient  Greeks. 

Engel  went  on  to  portray  Columbus' 
frustrations  at  finding  a  patron  for  his 
explorations,  his  wrenchingly  difficult  sea 
voyage — which  forced  sailors  to  endure 
thirty  days  without  sight  of  land — and  his 
ineptness  as  a  colonial  administrator.  Still, 
he  left  no  doubt  about  the  strength  of  the 
legacy.  "I  had  the  imagination  no  one  else 
had,  and  I  had  the  skills  to  put  my  dreams 
into  reality,"  he  said,  speaking  for  Colum- 
bus. "Through  pluck,  perseverance,  and 
brilliance,  I  discovered  the  New  World.  I 
was  the  greatest  mariner  the  world  has 
ever  seen." 

The  weekend  also  featured  two  Duke  his- 
tory professors:  John  TePaske,  who  talked 
about  the  intellectual,  economic,  and  polit- 
ical ferment  of  Columbus'  times;  and  Peter 
Wood,  who  discussed  the  "enormous  diver- 
sity of  the  North  American  peoples"  be- 
fore Columbus.  Wood  focused  on  the  con- 
quering of  the  Aztec  population — an  act 
accomplished,  he  said,  by  forces  ranging 
from  the  Spanish  soldiers'  use  of  "total  war" 
techniques,  to  the  recruiting  of  Aztec  dis- 
sidents, to  the  devastating  effects  of  Euro- 
pean disease  on  the  New  World. 

Alumni  College-goers  also  heard  from 
Virginia  Wilson  of  the  North  Carolina 
School  of  Science  and  Mathematics,  who 
looked  at  Columbus'  voyage  and  the  events 
that  it  sparked  as  case  studies  in  techno- 
logical and  medical  history;  Marjoleine 
Kars,  a  Duke  graduate  student  in  history, 
who  considered  the  Columbian  legacy  in  a 


talk  titled  "Race  and  Culture  in  the  Nine- 
teenth Century:  The  Intersection  of  Sci- 
ence and  Humanities  as  an  Aftermath  of 
the  Columbian  Encounter";  and  indepen- 
dent scholar  Jane  Gabin,  on  "Christopher 
Columbus  in  the  Popular  Imagina- 
tion: The  Idea  of  'Columbus'  in  the 
National  Consciousness." 

Susan  Forster,  a  teaching  assis- 
tant in  Duke's  art  history  depart- 
ment, offered  an  art-historical  per- 
spective on  Columbus.  Throughout 
the  centuries,  she  said,  Columbus 
has  been  variously  portrayed  in  art 
as  a  romantic  figure  and  a  misunder- 
stood genius,  as  an  Old  World  hero 
and  the  first  of  the  New  World 
breed,  but  he  has  "never  been 
entirely  forgotten  or  discarded." 
"*"■  The    Alumni    College    weekend 

brought  pleasing  assessments  from 
-  v-  participants.  One  comment  praised 
"lectures  that  motivated  and  stimu- 
lated discussion";  another,  in  a  simi- 
lar vein,  called  the  experience  "very 
informative  and  intellectually  stim- 
"  ulating."  The  next  Alumni  College 

is  planned  for  April  10-12,  also  at 
the  Washington  Duke  Inn.  The  program's 
focus  is  "Texts  and  Their  Readers:  The 
Challenges  of  Interpretation." 


DUKE  FANS 


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WRITE:  Class  Notes  Editor,  Duke  Magazine, 
614  Chapel  Drive,  Durham,  N.C.  27706 


CHANGE  OF  ADDRESS:  Alumni  Records, 
614  Chapel  Drive  Annex,  Durham,  N.C.  27706. 
Please  include  mailing  label  and  allow  six  weeks. 


NOTICE:  Because  of  the  volume  of 
class  note  material  we  receive  and  the 
long  lead  time  required  for  typesetting, 
design,  and  printing,  your  submission 
may  not  appear  for  three  to  four  issues. 
Alumni  are  urged  to  include  spouses' 
names  in  marriage  and  birth  announce- 
ments. We  do  not  record  engagements. 


20s  &  30s 


William  Gray  Sharpe  III  26  won  a  silver  medal 
pitching  horseshoes  in  the  85-90  age  bracket  at  the 
National  Senior  Sports  Classic  III  in  Syracuse,  N.Y.  A 
retired  Branch  Banking  &  Trust  manager,  he  lives  in 
Elm  City,  N.C. 

Herbert  L.  Spell  B.D.  '34  and  his  wife,  Sarah, 
live  in  Orangeburg,  SC. 

Lester  ft.  "Les"  Brown  '36,  clarinetist,  saxo- 
phonist, and  bandleader  of  Les  Brown  and  His  Band 
of  Renown,  lives  with  his  wife,  Claire,  in  Santa 
Monica,  Calif. 


40s  &  50s 


Bevan  '43,  Ph.D.  '48,  Hon.  '72  received 
the  1991  American  Psychological  Foundation  Gold 
Medal  Award  for  Life  Contribution  by  a  Psychologist. 
He  and  his  wife,  Dorothy,  live  in  Chicago. 

G.  Perry  Greene  B.S.C.E.  '44  has  worked  in 

Togo  in  West  Africa  for  the  Southern  Baptist  Foreign 
Mission  Board.  He  and  his  wife,  Theresa,  live  in 
Boone,  N.C. 

Camilla  Rikert  Bittle  '45  is  the  author  of  Dear 
Family,  published  by  St.  Martin's  Press  last  August. 
She  and  her  husband,  Claude  E.  Bittle  '45,  LL.B. 
'50,  live  in  Durham. 

Thomas  B.  Ferguson  '45,  B.S.M.  '47,  M.D.  '47, 
a  professor  of  thoracic  and  cardiovascular  surgery  at 
Washington  University,  was  presented  the  distin- 
guished service  award  "in  recognition  of  outstanding 
contribution  to  the  Society"  by  the  Society  of  Thoracic 
Surgeons.  He  is  only  the  seventh  member  to  receive 
this  honor  in  the  society's  27-year  history.  He  is  editor 
of  The  Annals  of  Thoracic  Surgery,  the  society's  official 
journal.  He  lives  in  St.  Louis. 

Lester  K.  Kloss  '46,  a  retired  international  man- 
agement consultant,  has  become  the  owner  of  Elite 
Motorhomes,  Inc.,  based  in  Sun  Valley,  Calif.  He 
lives  in  Olympia  Fields,  111. 

Paul  M.  Carruthers  '47  is  an  honorary  member 
of  the  American  Institute  of  Certified  Public  Accoun- 
tants. He  is  counsel  to  Rainey,  Britton,  Gibbes  & 
Clarkson  Attorneys  in  Greenville,  S.C. 


M.  Verity  B.S.M.E.  '51  retired  as  curator  of 
Dofasco,  Inc.'s  corporate  art  collection  after  forty  years 


with  the  company.  He  lives  in  Huntsville,  Ontario, 
Canada. 


.S.M. '52,  M.D. '53,  dean  of 
the  UNC-Chapel  Hill  School  of  Medicine,  was 
named  a  member  of  the  U.S.  Public  Health  Service 
Advisory  Committee  on  Scientific  Integrity. 

Juanita  McGee  Daber  '52  was  installed  as 
president  of  the  Garden  Club  of  North  Carolina  last 
May.  She  and  her  husband,  Kenneth,  live  in  Durham. 

John  Herbert  Hodges  A.M.  '53,  Ph.D.  '55  rep- 
resented Duke  in  October  at  the  inauguration  of  the 
president  of  the  University  of  Colorado  in  Boulder. 

F.  Donald  Beaty  '54,  M.Div.  '57  represented 
Duke  in  October  at  the  inauguration  of  the  president 
of  Barber-Scotia  College  in  Concord,  N.C. 

Hunter  B.  Hadley  Jr.  '54  was  elected  to  the  First 
Citizens  Bank's  local  board  of  directors  in  Swansboro, 
N.C.  He  is  president  of  H.B.  Hadley  and  Associates, 
Inc.,  a  life  insurance  firm.  He  and  his  wife,  Adair,  are 
longtime  Swansboro  residents. 

Lewis  J.  McNurlen  Ph.D.  '55  represented  Duke 
in  October  at  the  inauguration  of  the  president  of 
Iowa  State  University  in  Des  Moines. 

Andrew  M.  Lewis  Jr.  '56,  M.D.  '61  is  a  geneticist 
at  the  National  Institutes  of  Health.  His  wife,  Gladys 
Shorrock  Lewis  '60,  M.S.N.  '62,  is  county  plan- 
ning commissionet  in  Loudon  County,  Va.  They  live 
in  Leesburg,  Va. 


Gerald  H.  Shinn  '56,  M.Div.  '59,  Ph.D.  '64,  a  pro- 
fessor of  philosophy  and  religion  at  UNC-  Wilmington, 
received  the  first  Teaching  Excellence  Award  granted 
by  the  university's  Student  Government  Association. 

Peter  V.  Taylor  '56,  president  of  Taylor  Adver- 
tising and  Public  Relations,  became  president  of  the 
Rotary  Club  of  San  Francisco  in  July. 

Jackson  W.  Hogan  '57,  vice  president  of  finance 
and  treasurer  at  Mother  Murphy's  Laboratories,  Inc., 
became  vice  president  of  the  Institute  of  Management 
Accountants  in  July.  He  lives  in  Greensboro,  N.C. 

W.  McKinley  Smiley  Jr.  '57,  a  professor  at 
Stetson  University  College  of  Law  in  St.  Petersburg, 
Fla.,  was  honored  last  July  at  the  annual  convention 
of  the  Association  of  Trial  Lawyers  of  America. 


Nancy  Cushman  Atchison  '58  received  her 
Ph.D.  in  educational  psychology  from  Temple 
University. 

C.  David  Biswell  '58  retired  last  August  as  senior 
vice  president/controller  of  Barclays-Charlotte,  a  divi- 
sion of  the  London-based  Barclays  Bank  PLC.  He  lives 
in  Orangeburg,  S.C. 

Clifton  R.  Cleveland  '58,  a  Chattanooga  gen- 
eral internist,  became  a  second-term  regent  board 
member  of  the  American  College  of  Physicians. 

Jane  DeHart  '58,  A.M.  '61,  Ph.D.  '66  is  co- 
author of  Sex,  Gender,  and  the  Politics  o/E.R.A.  with 
Donald  G.  Mathews  Ph.D.  '62.  The  book  re- 
ceived the  American  Political  Science  Association's 
Victoria  Schuck  Award  as  the  best  book  published  in 
1991  on  women  in  politics. 


E.  Moore  '58,  J.D.  '61  of  Greenwood, 
S.C,  was  elected  associate  justice  of  the  Supreme 
Court  of  South  Carolina  in  May.  He  has  been  a  cir- 
cuit court  judge  in  South  Carolina  since  1976. 


Bell  '59  is  a  partner  in  the  Wii 
Salem  law  firm  Belle,  Davis,  Si  Pitt. 


K.  David  Straub  '59,  M.D.  '65,  Ph.D.  '68  repre- 
sented Duke  in  September  at  the  inauguration  of  the 
president  of  The  University  of  the  Ozarks.  He  and  his 

wife,  Jeannette  Mumford  Straub  '63,  M.S.N. 
'66,  live  in  Little  Rock,  Ark. 

Frank  W.  Swofford  '59  was  enshrined  into  the 
Fairborn  (Ohio)  City  Schools'  Hall  of  Honor.  During 
his  career  with  the  U.S.  government,  he  was  appointed 
acting  assistant  secretary  of  the  Navy  by  the  president 
and  worked  with  then  Vice  President  George  Bush 
to  formulate  a  national  drug  intetdiction  policy  and 
plan.  He  was  awarded  the  Navy's  Distinguished  Civil- 
ian Service  Award  in  1984  and  the  Ptesident's  Merito- 
rious Executive  Rank  Awatd  in  1985.  He  is  vice  presi- 
dent, strategic  plans  for  Unisys  Corp.,  in  McLean,  Va. 


60s 


H.  Durward  Hofler  '60,  professor  of  management 
at  Northeastern  Illinois  University,  was  nominated 
for  the  university's  Distinguished  Professor  Award. 

Carol  "Cookie"  Anspach  Kohn  '60  com- 
pleted seven  years  of  service  to  Duke  on  the  Annual 
Fund  Executive  Committee,  including  a  two-year  term 
as  chair.  She  is  owner  of  Anspach  Travel  Bureau,  Inc. 
She  and  her  husband,  Henry,  live  in  Highland  Park,  111. 

Gladys  Shorrock  Lewis  '60, MSN  '62  is 
county  planning  commissioner  in  Loudon  County, 
Va.  Her  husband,  Andrew  M.  Lewis  Jr.  '56, 
M.D.  '61,  is  a  geneticist  at  the  National  Institutes  of 
Health.  They  live  in  Leesburg,  Va. 

Sandra  M.  Walsh  B.S.N.  '60,  who  received  her 
Ph.D.  in  nursing  science  from  the  University  of  South 
Carolina  in  May,  is  an  assistant  professor  of  nursing  at 
East  Carolina  University  in  Greenville.  She  lives  in 
Winterville,N.C. 

Ralph  F.  Spinnler  B.S.M.E.  '61,  president  of 
Teleco  Oilfield  Services  Inc.,  has  been  elected  to  the 
additional  position  of  senior  vice  president  of  Sonat 
Inc.,  parent  company  of  Teleco.  He  has  been  associ- 
ated with  the  design  and  development  of  sophisti- 
cated systems  for  aerospace  and  defense  and  has  pio- 
neered the  development  and  commercialization  of 
measurement  and  drilling  technology. 

Anne  Roebken  West  B.S.N.  '61  was  selected  by 
Trustee  Magazine  as  the  outstanding  trustee  of  a  hospi- 
tal governing  board  in  a  five-state  region.  A  pediatric 
nurse  practitioner,  she  chairs  the  board  of  Children's 
Hospital  in  Washington,  D.C.  She  and  her  husband, 
William  K.  West  Jr.  B.S.M.E.  '59,  LL.B.  '62,  live 
in  Bethesda,  Md. 

Robert  K.  Yowell  M.D.  '61,  an  assistant  profes- 
sor at  Duke  Medical  Center,  has  been  named  to 
NCNB's  Durham  board.  He  is  a  partner  in  Durham 
Obstetrics  and  Gynecology  and  the  department  chair- 
man of  obstetrics  and  gynecology  at  Durham  County 
General.  He  and  his  wife,  Barbara  Dimmick 
Yowell  B.S.N.  '62,  and  their  three  children  live  in 
Durham. 

John  H.  Adams  LL.B.  '62  received  an  honorary 
degree  at  the  1991  Knox  College  commencement.  He 
is  the  executive  director  and  cofounder  of  the  Natural 
Resources  Defense  Council  (NRDC)  as  well  as  an  ad- 
junct professor  of  environmental  law  at  New  York 
University  and  president  of  the  Open  Space  Institute. 
He  lives  in  New  York  City. 

H.  Cochran  Ph.D.  '62  was  named  the 


head  of  the  religion  and  philosophy  department  a 
Meredith  College.  He  and  his  wife,  Mary,  live  in 
Raleigh  and  have  a  son  and  a  daughter. 


Letzer  Cole  '62,  a  professor  of  English  at 
Alhertus  Magnus  College,  is  the  author  of  The  Absent 
One:  Mourning  Ritual,  Tragedy,  and  the  Performance  of 
Ambivalence,  published  in  1985  and  in  paperback  last 
fall.  Her  latest  book,  Directors  in  Rehearsal,  will  be  out 
in  March.  She  lives  in  New  Haven,  Conn. 

Charles  P.  Egerton  '62  received  his  M.S.  in 
1981  while  on  active  duty  with  the  Air  Force  and 
served  as  a  primary  care  clinician  at  the  USAF  Medi- 
cal Center,  Keesler  Air  Force  Base,  Miss.,  until  his 
retirement  in  1988.  He  then  enrolled  in  the  graduate 
school  at  the  University  of  Southern  Mississippi  and 
received  his  Ph.D.  last  spring.  He  is  pursuing  postdoc- 
toral studies  in  public  health  at  U.S.M.  He  lives  in 
Ocean  Springs,  Miss. 

Marvin  H.  Greene  '62,  a  vice  president  in  the 
Towers  Perrin  Co.'s  Valhalla,  N.Y.,  office,  was  named 
to  head  their  North  American  retirement  consulting 
operation.  He  lives  in  Wilton,  Conn. 

Donald  G.  Mathews  Ph.D.  '62  is  the  co-author 
of  Sex,  Gender,  and  the  Politics  of  E.R. A.  with  Jane 
DeHart  '58,  A.M.  '61,  Ph.D.  '66.  The  book  won  the 
American  Political  Science  Association's  Victoria 
Schuck  Award  as  the  best  book  published  in  1991  on 
women  in  politics. 

Louis  S.  Purnell  '62  was  appointed  to  the  Calvert 
County,  Md.,  planning  commission.  He  is  an  indus- 
trial specialist  with  Prudential  Real  Estate.  He  lives  in 
Owings,  Md. 

Margaret  R.  Bates  '63,  vice  provost  for  aca- 
demic programs  and  facilities  at  Duke,  represented 
Duke  in  October  at  the  installation  of  Larry  King 
Monteith  M.S.  '62,  Ph.D.  '65  as  chancellor  of  N.C. 
State  University. 

Richard  C.  Gwaltney  M.S.  '63,  an  engineer 
with  the  Oak  Ridge  National  Laboratory's  engineer- 
ing technology  division,  has  been  elected  a  fellow  of 
the  American  Society  of  Mechanical  Engineers 
(ASME).  He  and  his  wife,  Carolyn,  and  their  two 
children  live  in  Oak  Ridge,  Tenn. 

Bettie  Sue  Siler  Masters  Ph.D.  '63  became 
the  first  appointment  to  the  Robert  A.  Welch  Foun- 
dation Chair  in  Biochemistry  at  the  University  of 
Texas  Health  Center  at  San  Antonio  in  October. 

Ruth  Ann  Crandall  Sloan  '63  was  named  a 
member  of  the  Independent  Educational  Consultants 
Association.  She  is  director  of  Triangle  Educational 
Planners  of  Raleigh. 


EXPLORING  ARCTIC  ART 


D.  Vairo  D.Ed.  '63  retired  last  August  a 
president  of  Worcester  State  College.  He  lives  in 
Boca  Raton,  Fla. 


Guess  Zettner  A.M.  '63  has  taught  at 
Southern  Methodist  Univetsity  and  San  Antonio  Col- 
lege. Her  novel,  The  Shadow  Warrior,  has  been  placed 
on  the  master  list  for  Vermont's  Dorothy  Canfield 
Fisher  Children's  Book  Award. 

Gordon  Dalbey  '64  is  the  author  of  Healing  the 
Masculine  Soul,  published  by  Word,  Inc.  He  was  the 
keynote  speaker  at  the  N.C.  Baptist  Men's  Confer- 
ence in  January.  He  and  his  wife,  Mary,  live  in  Los 
Angeles. 


Ph.D.  '64  is  dean  of  the  school 
of  sciences  and  mathematics  at  the  College  of 
Charleston.  He  and  his  wife,  Linda,  and  their  two 
sons  live  in  Charleston. 

Sybil  Wells  M.A.T.  '64  received  an  M.B.A.  from 
Georgia  State  University  in  June.  She  lives  in  Atlanta. 


Cobb  '65  was  selected  as  Sears- 
Roebuck  Foundation's  Outstanding  Teacher  for  1990- 


plane  reservation — and  knowledge  and  love  of 

that  was  it,"  Burch  re-  Arctic  art  through 

calls.  "It  was  like  land-  museum  and  gallery 

ing  on  the  moon;  there  lectures,  and  as  a  cura- 

were  no  trees  or  roads."  tor  for  various  exhibits. 

Before  long,  she  With  assistance  from 

became  friends  with  the  governments  of 


artists  and  families, 
sometimes  relying  on 
children  to  act  as  inter- 
preters when  commu- 
nicating with  older 
Inuits.  And  she  began 
to  bring  back  art  for 
her  own  personal  col- 
lection, as  well  as  for 


Burch:  way  up  north  with  the  ice  and  a 
examples  oflnuit  technique  and  topics 


Although  it's 
been  only  six 
years  since 
Judith  Burch  '58  dis- 
covered Inuit  art,  the 
Richmond,  Virginia, 


the  Arctic  as  her  second 
home  and  the  Inuit 
culture  as  her  own. 

"I  was  a  docent  for 
twenty  years  for  the 
Virginia  Museum  of 
Fine  Art,  so  I  obviously 
was  drawn  to  art,"  says 
Burch.  "But  I  knew 
nothing  about  the  Arc- 
tic or  the  people  who 
lived  there.  When  I 
saw  some  Inuit  art  in  a 
gallery  in  Nova  Scotia, 
I  was  instantly  taken 


Canada's  Northwest 
territories,  she  has 
helped  bring  Kanangi- 
nak  Pootoogook  and 
Kenojuak,  the  leading 
contemporary  Inuit 
artists,  for  appearances 
in  the  United  States. 

Burch,  who  studied 
sociology  at  Duke,  says 
her  background  has 
been  useful  for  appre- 
ciating the  cultural 
differences  between 
herself  and  the  Inuit 
people.  "I  come  from  a 
small  farm  town  in 


with  it.  It  has  such  a 
sense  of  authenticity 
and  honesty." 

Her  initial  curiosity 
grew  and  before  long, 
Burch  was  trekking 
solo  to  the  upper 
reaches  of  Canada. 
"On  my  first  trip,  I  had 
a  place  to  stay  and  a 


sale  to  other  collectors. 

From  the  start,  Burch 
was  determined  to  buy 
only  the  finest  exam- 
ples of  Inuit  art,  and  to 
educate  her  buyers 
about  what  they  were 
getting.  "I  have  some 
corporate  clients  but 
it's  mostly  individuals. 
I'm  not  interested  in 
marketing;  people  seem 
to  find  me."  And  when 
they  do,  Burch  relays 
information  about 
where  the  piece  is  from 
and  details  about  the 
artist. 

She  also  shares  her 


Illinois,  but  we  always 
traveled  a  lot  when  I 
was  growing  up.  From 
that,  and  from  my  time 
at  Duke,  I  became 
aware  of  all  the  possi- 
bilities" for  exploring 
the  world. 


91  at  Oklahoma  City  University,  where  he  is  an  asso- 
ciate professor  of  history  and  president  of  OCU  facul- 
ties for  1991-92.  He  lives  in  Oklahoma  City. 

Dwight  P.  Cruikshank  IV  '65,  MD.  '69  is  pro- 
fessor and  chairman  of  the  obstetrics  and  gynecology 
department  at  the  Medical  College  of  Wisconsin. 

Douglas  P.  Hinds  '65  represented  Duke  in  Octo- 
ber at  the  inauguration  of  the  president  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  San  Francisco. 

Jackson  F.  "Jeff"  Lee  '65,  M.A.T.  '68,  D.Ed. 
72,  is  co-author  of  American  Education  and  the 
Dynamics  of  Choice,  which  provides  a  look  at  some  of 
the  problems  in  reforming  public  education.  He  is  a 
professor  of  education  and  director  of  the  Elementary 
Science  Leadership  Program  at  Francis  Marion  Col- 
lege. He  and  his  wife,  Sandra  Singleton  Lee 
B.S.N.  '68,  live  in  Florence,  S.C. 


Covington  III  '66  has  completed  a 
four-year  assignment  as  the  director  of  naval  affairs  i 


the  American  Embassy  in  Paris,  France,  and  has  been 
reassigned  as  a  department  head  at  the  Pacific  Fleet 
Tactical  Training  Center  in  San  Diego,  Calif.  He  and 
his  family  live  in  Coronado,  Calif. 

Blair  A.  Keagy  '66  is  a  professor  in  the  surgery 
department  and  chief  of  vascular  surgery  at  UNC- 
Chapel  Hill. 

Philip  Lader  '66  is  president  and  CEO  of  Bond 

University,  Australia's  first  private  college.  He  lives  in 
Brisbane  with  his  wife,  Linda,  and  their  two  children. 

John  G.  "Sonny"  Morris  '66  is  a  senior  partner 
in  the  law  firm  Morris,  Manning  &  Martin,  and  asso- 
ciate editor  of  the  Journal  of  Public  Law.  He  and  his 
wife,  Christy,  have  four  children  and  live  in  Atlanta. 

Allen  F.  Page  Ph.D.  '66  has  been  appointed  dean 
of  undergraduate  instruction  and  registrar  of  Meredith 
College.  He  was  professor  and  head  of  Meredith's 
teligion  and  philosophy  department.  He  and  his  wife, 
Barbara,  live  in  Raleigh. 


21 


George  Chester  Bedall  Ph.D.  '69,  an  Episco- 
pal priest,  received  an  honorary  doctor  of  civil  law 
degree  from  the  University  of  the  South  at  commence- 
ment in  Sewanee,  Tenn.  He  is  director  of  University 
Presses  of  Florida,  author  o(  Kierkegaard  and  Faulkner: 
Modalities  of  Existence,  and  co-author  of  Religion  in 
America.  He  and  his  wife,  Elizabeth,  have  three  sons 
and  live  in  Jacksonville,  Fla. 

Susan  E.  Brown  '69,  who  received  her  master's 
in  social  work  from  the  University  of  Georgia,  is  a 
student  at  the  Georgia  State  College  of  Law.  She  and 
her  three  children  live  in  Atlanta. 


BIRTHS:  Son  to  Caroline  Reid  Sorell  '68  and 

Mitchell  Sorell,  on  Dec.  27,  1990.  Named  William 
Reid  Sorell.  .  .  First  child  and  daughter  to  C.  David 
White  '68  and  Theresa  Greenwell  White  on  May 
19,  1991.  Named  Lindsay  Hamilton. 


If  it  seems  you 
always  land  in  the 
slowest  line  at  the 
bank,  get  stuck  in  rush- 
hour  traffic,  and  strug- 
gle to  keep  up  with 
your  work  load,  you 
may  feel  as  though 
stress  is  your  constant 
companion. 

But  a  new  book  by 
physician  Morton 
Orman  '69  refutes  the 
widespread  belief  that 
stress  is  either  inevit- 
able or  "manageable." 
The  14-Day  Stress 
Cure,  published  by 
Texas'  Breakthru  Pub- 
lishing, debunks  a 
number  of  myths  about 
the  concept  of  stress. 
"It  concerns  me  that 


people  are  still  being 
taught  that  stress  exists 
and  that  it  can  be 
treated  like  a  disease," 
says  Orman.  "Stress  is 
merely  a  word  that  we 
use  to  stand  for  hun- 
dreds of  specific  prob- 
lems and  conflicts  in 
our  lives." 

As  the  tide  suggests, 
Orman's  book  is  a  step- 
by-step,  two-week  pro- 
gram that  focuses  on 
recognizing  the  causes 
rather  than  the  symp- 
toms of  stress  and  then 
dealing  with  those 
symptoms.  Orman  says 
many  of  the  current 
"stress  management" 
methods,  such  as  medi- 
tation and  biofeedback, 


don't  always  help  peo- 
ple identify  what  is 
creating  their  negative 
moods  and  emotions. 

In  addition  to  his 
private  practice  in 
Baltimore,  Maryland, 
Orman  conducts  semi- 
nars and  workshops  for 
physicians,  students, 
lawyers,  and  business- 
people.  He  also  estab- 
lished the  Health 
Resource  Network,  a 
nonprofit  network  that 
encourages  a  humanis- 
tic approach  to  health 
care,  and  helped  estab- 
lish the  Society  for 
Professional  Well- 
Being,  which  helps 
physicians  and  other 
health  care  profession- 


als deal  with  stress. 

Orman  claims  that 
the  techniques  in  his 
book  helped  him  over- 
come his  own  personal 
troubles,  including 
a  fear  of  public  speak- 
ing, forging  close  inter- 
personal relationships, 
and  insecurity  in  his 
profession. 

"Whereas  I  previ- 
ously had  trouble  deal- 
ing with  unexpected 
crises  and  changes,"  he 
says,  "I  can  now  deal 
with  almost  any  prob- 
lem or  difficulty  with 
ease,  comfort,  and  a 
sense  of  confidence." 


Judith  L.  Weidman  M.Div.  '66,  Religious  News 
Service  (RNS)  executive  editor,  is  involved  in  mar- 
keting RNS  material  to  the  public  press  by  The  Neu> 
York  Times  Syndication  Sales  Corp.  She  lives  in  New 
York  City. 

Doug  Adams  '67  is  the  author  of  Transcendence 
with  the  Human  Body  in  Art:  Segal,  De  Staebler,  Johns, 
and  Christo.  He  is  professor  of  Christianity  and  arts  at 
ihe  Pacific  School  of  Religion  in  Berkeley,  Calif. 

Joseph  A.  Lipe  '67,  a  partner  in  the  Charlotte 
Plaza  office  of  Shearson  Lehman  Hutton  Brothers 
Inc.,  was  named  co-director  of  the  firm's  consulting 
group  last  July. 

Bruce  W.  Menning  A.M.  '67,  Ph.D.  72  returned 
from  a  year  in  the  U.S.S.R.  researching  "The  Evolu- 
tion of  Soviet  Military  History."  He  and  his  wife, 
Margaret  Rousnar  Menning  MAT.  '68, 
lived  with  their  two  children  in  Moscow. 


:  A.  Raff  Ph.D.'67  is  the  co-author  of 
Embryos,  Genes,  and  Evolution,  published  by  Indiana 
University  Press.  He  is  a  biology  professor  and  direc- 
tor and  senior  fellow  at  the  Institute  for  Molecular 


22 


and  Cellular  Biology  at  Indiana  University.  He  and 
his  wife,  Elizabeth  Craft  Raff  Ph.D.'68,  live  in 
Bloomington. 

Richard  L.  Watson  III  '67  is  the  author  of  The 
Slave  Question:  Liberty  and  Property  in  South  Africa, 
published  by  the  Wesleyan  University  Press.  He  is  a 
history  professor  at  N.C.  Wesleyan  College  in  Rocky 
Mount. 

Daniel  B.  Lippard  '68  represents  American 
claimants  for  restitution  or  compensation  for  property 
seized  by  prior  Communist  or  Nazi  regimes  in  Eastern 
Germany,  Czechoslovakia,  and  Hungary.  He  has 
formed  Aktiva  Assurance  Corp.,  which  facilitates 
remote  real  estate  investigations  and  transactions 
throughout  the  U.S.  and  central  Europe.  He  lives  in 
Media,  Pa. 

John  Peter  Norris  '68  is  upper  school  director  at 
the  Breck  School  in  Minneapolis. 

David  B.  Seligman  Ph.D.  '68  is  vice  president, 
dean  of  academic  affairs,  and  a  philosophy  professor  at 
Western  Maryland  College  in  Westminster.  He  lives 
in  New  Windsor,  Md. 


MARRIAGES:  Lois  C.  Dumas  '66  to  Charles  H. 
Manning  on  March  8,  1991.  Residence:  Wilmington, 
N.C. 


70s 


C.  Ballenger  M.D.  '70  is  director  of  the 
Institute  of  Psychiatry  and  chairman  and  professor  of 
the  psychiatry  and  behavioral  sciences  department 
at  the  Medical  University  of  South  Carolina  in 
Charleston.  He  was  the  featured  psychiatrist  in  the 
June  1991  issue  of  Masters  in  Psychiatry. 

Dewitt  S.  Chandler  '70  is  the  author  of  Social 
Assistance  and  Bureaucratic  Politics:  The  Montepios  of 
Colonial  Mexico,  1 767-1821,  published  by  the  Univer- 
sity of  Mexico  Ftee  Press  in  Albuquerque.  He  is  a  his- 
tory professor  at  Miami  University. 

Larry  R.  Churchill  M.Div.  '70,  Ph.D.  '73  received 

a  1991  Charles  E.  Culpeper  Foundation  Scholarship 
in  Medical  Humanities.  The  grant  will  fund  his  re- 
search at  UNC-Chapel  Hill. 

Joseph  C.  McMurry  '70  received  his  doctor  of 
divinity  degree  from  Pfeiffer  College  in  May  1991. 

John  H.  Park  '70  is  archdeacon  of  the  Episcopal 
Diocese  of  Honduras.  He  and  his  wife,  Susan,  and 
their  two  sons  live  in  San  Pedro  Sula,  Honduras. 

Robert  M.  Viti  A.M.  '70,  Ph.D.  '75  was  promoted 
to  full  professor  of  French  at  Gettysburg  College  in 
Pennsylvania. 

Paul  F.  Betzold  '71  is  president  of  Presbyterian 
Hospital  and  Presbyterian  Health  Services  Corp.  He 
lives  in  Charlotte,  N.C. 


'71  was  included  in 
the  1991-92  edition  of  Who's  Who  of  American  Women. 
A  foreign  language  educatot,  she  received  her  MALS 
in  French  from  Hollins  College  in  1979  and  has  been 
an  instructor  of  French  at  Virginia  Polytechnic  Insti- 
tute and  State  University,  Radford  University,  and 
Hollins  College.  She  has  wotked  as  interpreter/trans- 
latot,  administrative  director  of  a  foreign  language 
camp,  student  counselor  for  an  academics  abroad 
program,  and  session  leader  for  foreign  language  con- 
ferences. She  and  her  husband,  Richard,  and  their 
two  children  live  in  Blacksburg,  Va. 

Martha  A.  Krunkleton  '71  is  vice  president  for 
academic  affairs  at  Bates  College  in  Lewiston,  Maine. 
She  is  also  a  Kellogg  Foundation  Fellow. 

Douglas  S.  Perry  B.S.E.  '71,  M.B.A.  73  is  vice 
president  of  Constellation  Holdings,  Inc.  He  lives  in 
Baltimore. 

Anne  J.  East  72  has  been  named  to  the  board  of 
directors  of  the  Illinois  Masonic  Medical  Center  Foun- 


dation.  She  is  president  and  CEO  of  Biltmore  Investors 
Bank  in  Lake  Forest.  She  lives  in  Hinsdale,  HI. 

William  P.  Massey  M.Ed.  72  has  heen  named  a 
vice  president  of  the  Raleigh  office  of  Ruder  Finn,  one 
of  the  world's  largest  independently  owned  public 
relations  firms.  He  was  associate  vice  chancellor  for 
university  relations  at  UNC-Chapel  Hill. 

Raymond  D.  Kiser  73  received  his  Ph.D.  in 
pastoral  counseling  from  the  Claremont  School  of 
Theology  in  California.  He  also  has  an  M.Div.  from 
Yale.  He  is  senior  pastor  of  Northwest  Hills  United 
Methodist  Church  in  Austin,  Texas. 

Katherine  L.  Morrison  73  is  executive  director 

of  the  Campagna  Center  in  Alexandria,  Va. 

Linda  Parsons  Salzer  73  is  the  author  of  Sur- 
viving Infertility,  published  by  HarperCollins.  She  is  a 
clinical  social  worker  in  private  practice  in  Englewood, 
N.J.,  where  she  lives  with  her  husband  and  four  sons. 

Joseph  H.  Schmid  B.S.E.  73,  a  Marine  lieu- 
tenant colonel,  participated  in  Operation  Sea  Angel, 
a  military  relief  effort  deployed  to  the  Bangladesh 
region  to  provide  food  and  supplies. 

David  W.  Venter  M.Div.  73  is  pastor  of  the 
United  Methodist  Church  in  Toulon,  111.  He  lives  in 
Franklin,  111. 


Winders  A.M.  73,  Ph.D.  76  is  the  author 
of  Gender,  Theory,  and  the  Canon,  published  by  the 
University  of  Wisconsin  Press.  He  is  a  history  profes- 
sor at  Appalachian  State  University  in  Boone,  N.C. 


74  is  a  professor  of  English 
literature  at  the  University  of  Southern  California. 
He  is  the  co-editor  of  a  collection  of  essays,  Engender- 
ing Men:  The  Question  of  Male  Feminist  Criticism,  pub- 
lished by  Routledge. 


Colvin  74,  M.Ed.  75,  M.B.A.  '81  is  assis- 
tant dean  and  director  of  development  for  Duke's 
School  of  the  Environment.  He  was  the  development 
office's  associate  director  for  academic  programs,  in- 
cluding scholarships  and  the  Marine  Lab.  He  and  his 
wife,  Gloria  Payne  Colvin  74,  M.A.T.  75, 
senior  assistant  librarian  at  Duke,  have  two  children. 


Eric  F.  Ensor  74,  M.B.A.  77  was  featured  in  For- 
tune magazine  as  "On  The  Rise."  He  joined  BellSouth 
as  a  chief  strategist  and  is  in  charge  of  worldwide  wire- 
less communication.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Duke 
Alumni  Association's  board  of  directors.  He  and  his 
wife,  Pamela  Smith  Ensor  B.S.N.  74,  have 
three  children  and  live  in  Atlanta. 

Robert  A.  Hyde  B.S.E.  74,  who  graduated  from 
the  Seton  Hall  University  School  of  Law  in  June, 
works  for  the  law  firm  Norris,  McLaughlin,  and  Mar- 
cus. He  and  his  wife,  Josette,  and  their  daughter  live 
in  Flemington,  N.J. 

Louise  Upchurch  Lawson  74  is  associate 
minister  of  the  Idlewild  Presbyterian  Church  in  Mem- 
phis, Tenn. 


Lawrence  T.  Loeser  74  is  executive  vice  presi- 
dent of  Biltmore  Investors  Bank  of  Lake  Forest,  a 
private  bank  that  opened  in  July.  He  lives  in 
Evanston,  111. 

John  E.  Moeller  A.M.  74,  Ph.D.  77  is  full  pro- 
fessor on  the  political  science  faculty  at  Luther  Col- 
lege in  Decorah,  Iowa. 


M.B.A.  74  is  president  and 
CEO  of  Plywood  Panels,  Inc.,  a  national  manufac- 
turer, exportet,  and  distributor  of  building  products, 
with  headquarters  in  New  Orleans. 


75  is  a  partner  in  the  law 
firm  Bronson,  Bronson  ck  McKinnon,  specializing  in 
banking  and  finance.  He  and  his  wife,  Terri,  and  thei 
daughter  live  in  El  Sobrante,  Calif. 


L.  Byrd  75  received  a  Student  Govern- 
ment Teaching  Award  at  Lafayette  College  in  Penn- 
sylvania last  May.  An  associate  professor  of  English  at 
the  college,  she  lives  in  Easton,  Ta. 

Wesley  K.  Church  75  is  group  leader,  pilot  scale 
manufacturing  at  CYTOGEN  Corp.,  a  pharmaceuti- 
cal company  that  develops  cancer  diagnostic  and 
therapeutic  agents.  He  and  his  wife,  Ellen,  live  in 
Trenton,  N.J. 


R.  Stuart  Gross  75  is  a  partner  with  Arthur 
Andersen  in  the  realty  advisory  group  in  Washing- 
ton, D.C. 

William  Walter  Haefeli  75  is  a  free  lance  car 
toonist.  He  lives  in  London,  where  his  cartoons  ap- 
pear regularly  in  Punch. 

Royce  L.B.  Morris  Ph.D.  75  has  been  designated 
a  James  Still  Fellow  through  the  faculty  scholars  pro- 
gram at  the  University  of  Kentucky.  A  third-time  Still 
Fellow,  he  is  a  classics  professor  at  Emory  &  Henry 
College  in  Emory,  Va. 


75  is  a  partnet  in  the  Wash- 
ington, D.C,  office  of  Gardner,  Carton  &  Douglas. 

Mary  Dozier  76,  Ph.D.  '82  is  an  associate  profes- 
sor of  psychology  at  Trinity  University  in  San  Anto- 
nio, Texas. 

Jeffrey  C.  Howard  76,  a  partner  at  Petree, 
Stockton  &  Robinson  in  Winston-Salem,  is  the  head 
of  the  firm's  sports  and  entertainment  law  group. 

James  I.  Martin  Sr.  76,  who  received  his  Ph.D. 
from  Emory  University  in  May,  is  an  assistant  profes- 
sor of  history  at  North  Carolina's  Campbell  Univer- 
sity. He  and  his  wife,  Linda,  and  their  son  live  in 
Warsaw,  N.C. 

Blair  J.  Packard  76  is  a  member  of  the  Ameri- 
can Physical  Therapy  Association's  board  of  directors. 
He  lives  in  Gilbert,  Ariz. 

Linda  L.  Walters  76  is  a  real  estate  attorney  with 
Dechert  Price  &  Rhoads  in  Philadelphia.  She  and  her 
husband,  Judson  Wambold,  live  in  Wilmington,  Del. 

Scott  Eric  Wang  76  is  an  assistant  professor  of 
pathology  at  the  Medical  College  of  Pennsylvania- 
Allegheny,  and  a  Fellow  of  the  College  of  American 
Pathologists. 

Barbara  Kiehne  Younger  76  is  the  co-author 
of  Food  for  Christian  Thought:  Thirty-Five  Programs  for 
Church  Gatherings.  She  lives  in  Hillsborough,  N.C. 

John  Martin  Conley  J.D.  77,  Ph.D.  '80,  an 
adjunct  professor  of  anthropology  at  Duke,  is  a  Reef 
C.  Ivey  II  Research  Professor  at  UNC-Chapel  Hill's 
law  school. 

David  P.  Cordts  M.A.T.  77,  teacher  and  student 
council  adviser  at  W.G  Enloe  High  School  in  Raleigh, 
received  the  Warren  E.  Shull  Award  as  National  Stu- 
dent Activity  Adviser  of  the  Year. 

Keiko  Hsu  B.S.E.  77  is  district  sales  manager  for 
General  Electric 's  electrical  distribution  and  control 
division.  She  lives  in  Wilton,  Conn. 


77  is  vice  president  of  sales  and 
marketing  for  upholstery  fabrics  tor  Guilford  Mills.  He 
lives  in  Goldsboro,  N.C. 

Courtney  Clark  Patrick  77  is  executive  direc- 
tor of  the  Clark  Charitable  Foundation  in  Bethesda, 
Md.  She  and  her  husband,  Scott,  and  their  three  chil- 
dren live  in  Bethesda. 


77  has  a  two-year  ophthalmol- 
ogy fellowship  in  retina  at  the  Massachusetts  Eye  and 
Ear  Infirmary  in  Boston. 

Mary  Jane  Zellinger  B.S.N.  77  was  named 
Nurse  of  the  Year  for  1990  by  rhe  American  Journal  of 

Nursing.  She  works  at  Emory  Hospital  in  Atlanta. 


Julia  Caudle  Cogburn  78  is  the  director  o\ 

planning  and  community  development  in  Asheville, 
N.C.  She  completed  a  two-year  term  as  president  pf 
the  N.C.  chapter  of  the  American  Planning  Associa- 
tion in  October.  She  and  her  husband,  Steven,  and 
their  two  children  live  in  Asheville. 

George  A.  "Al"  Geist  II  78  won  first  prize  in 
the  computer  sciences  division  of  the  1 990  IBM  Super- 
computer Competition.  A  research  staff  member  in 
Oak  Ridge  National  Laboratory'1,  engineering  physics 
and  mathematics  division  since  1983,  he  lives  in  Oak 
Ridge,  Tenn. 


Lewis  W.  Harris  Jr.  78  is  an  assistant  professor 
in  neurosurgery  at  the  University  of  Alabama  at  Bir- 
mingham, where  he  practices  at  the  Children's  Hospital 
of  Alabama.  He  and  his  wife,  Grace  Spatafora 

live  in  Mountain  Brook,  Ala. 


Cynthia  Anne  Jones  M.Div.  78  was  elected 
by  members  of  the  Central  Illinois  Conference  of 
the  United  Methodist  Chutch  to  be  a  delegate  to 
the  Quadtennial  Jutisdictional  Conference,  meeting 
in  Appleton,  Wise,  in  July  1992.  She  and  her  hus- 
band, E.  Mike  Jones  M.Div.  78,  are  pastors  of 
the  Countryside  United  Methodist  Church  near 
Urbana,  111. 

Janis  Moss  Light  78  runs  a  multi-site  commercial 
records  centet,  American  Records  Management,  Inc. 
She  and  her  husband,  Greg,  and  their  son  live  in 
Frederick,  Md. 

J.  Bynum  Merritt  III  78,  M.B.A.  '85  is  assistant 

vice  president  at  Wachovia  Bank  and  the  senior  proj- 
ect manager  for  the  hank's  marketing  group. 

Charles  Randolph-Wright  78  directed  Music 
and  Remembrance:  A  Celebration  of  Great  Musical  Part- 
nerships, which  premiered  in  October  at  Carnegie 
Hall  in  New  York  City. 

Mark  L.  Shaffer  Ph.D.78  became  vice  president 
of  resource  planning  and  economics  for  the  Wilder- 
ness Society  of  Washington,  DC,  in  June  1991. 

Cedric  F.  Walker  Ph.D.  78  is  professor  and 
chairman  of  Tulane  University's  biomedical  engineer- 
ing department.  He  and  his  wife,  Julia,  and  their  two 
sons  live  in  New  Orleans. 


Waller  78,  an  attorney,  is  an 
general  counsel  at  Chemical  Bank,  specializing  in 
commercial  agreements.  She  and  her  husband,  Robert 
J.  Benowitz,  and  their  son  live  in  New  York  City. 

Katherine  Kilkeary  Yunker  78  is  a  visiting 
assistant  professor  of  law  at  Ohio  Northern  University 
in  Ada,  Ohio. 

Christine  H.  Adams  M.B.A.  79  is  senior  vice 
president  of  the  medical/healthcare  advertising 
agency  Baxtet,  Gurian,  &  Mazzei,  Inc.  She  has 
worked  at  BGM  since  1987.  She  lives  in  N.  Holly- 
wood, Calif. 

Julia  L.  Frey  79  is  an  attorney/shareholder  with 
the  Orlando,  Fla.,  firm  Lowndes,  Drosdick,  Poster, 
Kantor  &  Reed.  She  and  her  husband,  David  J.  Carter, 
live  in  Winter  Park. 

David  Garman  '79  joined  the  staff"  of  the  U.S. 
Senate  Select  Committee  on  Intelligence  in  June 
1991.  The  committee  provides  congressional  over- 
sight to  national  intelligence  organizations.  He  lives 
in  Accokeek,  Md. 

Alice  D.  Grainger-Gasser  79  works  foi  the 

International  Committee  ot  rhe  Red  ( "ross.  She  and 
her  husband,  Pattick,  live  in  Lungcm,  Switzerland. 

Lawrence  G.  Mendelow  79,  MD.  '83  has  a 

private  practice  in  colon  and  rectal  surgery.  I  le  and 
his  wife,  Laura,  and  their  daughter  live  inSt.  Loilii 

Erin  Fitzgerald  Nelson  79  works  pan  time  foi 

ProServ,  Inc.,  a  sports  marketing  firm  in  New  York 


City.  She  is  administrator  of  the  Volvo  tennis  I 
ment  account.  She  and  her  husband,  Carl  1 
Nelson  '80,  an  attorney  specializing  in  real  estate 
and  municipal  law,  live  with  their  son  Kyle  in  Sparta, 
N.J. 

Jeffrey  Asher  Nesbit  79  is  associate  commis- 
sioner for  public  affairs  for  the  U.S.  Food  and  Drug 
Administration.  He  lives  in  Oakton,  Va. 

Gregory  V.  Palmer  M.Div.  79  is  district  super- 
intendent of  the  Youngstown,  Ohio,  district  of  the 
United  Methodist  Church.  His  wife,  Cynthia 
Beatty  Palmer  '81,  is  director  of  Youngstown's 
Family  Development  and  Learning  Center.  They  live 
in  Girard,  Ohio,  with  their  two  children. 


i  III  79  is  a  managing  director  of 
the  Jordan  Group,  Inc.,  an  investment  banking  firm 
in  New  York  City  specializing  in  magazines  and 
newspapers. 

R.  Davis  Webb  B.S.E.  79  is  a  development  spe- 
cialist at  Timken  Research  at  the  Timken  Co.'s  Tech- 
nology Center  in  Canton,  Ohio. 

MARRIAGES:  Wesley  K.  Church  75  to  Ellen 

Leung  on  June  22.  Residence:  Trenton,  N.J.   .  .  . 
Dirk  Andries  Flentrop  Hon.  76  to  Cynthia 

Jean  Turner  '81,  A.M.  '88  on  April  3.  Residence: 
Santpoort-Zuid,  The  Netherlands.  .  .  Julia  L. 
Frey  79  to  David  J.  Carter  on  June  1 .  Residence: 
Winter  Park,  Fla. 

BIRTHS:  First  child  and  son  to  Peter  B.  Marco 

7 1  and  Joyce  Marco  on  July  20,  1990.  Named 
Andrew  James.   .  .  Second  child  to  Mark  K. 
Schott  71  and  Sarah  M.  Schott  on  Oct.  16,  1990. 
Named  Magdeline  Walker.  .   .  First  child  and  daugh- 
ter to  Linda  Hudak  Jenkins  73  and  Richard  R. 
Jenkins  on  June  9.  Named  Gwendolyn  Anne.  .  . 
Second  child  and  first  daughter  to  Robert  A. 
Hyde  B.S.E.  74  and  Josette  Hyde  on  Feb.  15,  1991. 
Named  Katherine  Victoria.  .   .  Son  to  Lyle  M. 
Allen  III  75  and  Carol  K.  Allen  on  Jan.  25,  1991. 
Named  Tyler  McDowell.  .  .  Second  child  and  first 
daughter  to  Jacqueline  A.  Williams  76,  M.Div. 
79  and  Peter  Nicalescu  on  June  8.  Named  Lauren 
Williams.  .  .  Third  child  to  Dale  Hayes  Clarke 
77  and  David  Clarke  on  June  5,  1990.  Named  Ryan 
David.  .  .  Third  child  and  third  daughter  to  Ellen 
Lilly  File  77  andRobertN.  File  on  Feb.  13,  1991. 
Named  Laura  Ellen.  .  .  Third  child  and  second  son  to 
Stacey  Willits  McConnell  77  and  Christopher 
McConnell  on  May  30.  Named  Graham  Noble.  .  . 
Fourth  child  and  second  daughter  to  Garland  R. 
"Rad"  Moeller  M.D.  77  and  Wendy  Paulson 
Moeller  M.D.77  on  May  1 1 .  Named  Chandler 
Elise.  .  .  Third  child  and  first  son  to  Courtney 
Clark  Pastrick  77  and  Scott  Pastrick  on  May  3. 
Named  Clark  Townsend.  .  .  Second  son  and  child  to 
Rose  Ann  Smiley  77  and  David  Raderman  on 
March  18.  .  .  Third  child  and  second  daughter  to 
Emily  Busse  Bragg  78  and  Steve  Bragg  on  Feb. 
28,  1991.  Named  Alison  Hillary.  .  .  Second  child  and 
son  to  Julie  Caudle  Cogburn  78  and  Steven 
Cogbum  on  April  20.  Named  Clinton  Heidt.  .  .  First 
child  to  Martin  William  Morris  78  and  Pamela 
Ann  Morris  on  April  1 1.  Named  Alfred  Gregory.  .  . 
Son  to  Andrew  M.  O'Malley  J.D.  78  and  Nancy 
O'Malley  on  May  10.  Named  Thomas  Christopher.  .  . 
First  child  to  Diane  E.  Waller  78  and  Robert  Jay 
Benowitz  on  May  8.  Named  Douglas  Adam.  .  .  A  son 
to  Andrew  J.  Armstrong  Jr.  79  and  Brenda  E. 
Armstrong  on  June  4.  Named  Andrew  J.  III.  .  . 
Second  son  to  Katherine  Weidhaas  Carlew 
79  and  Scott  Carlew.  Named  David  Andrew.  .   . 
First  child  and  son  to  Erin  Fitzgerald  Nelson 
79  and  Carl  William  Nelson  '80  on  July  24. 
Named  Kyle  Fitzgerald.  .  .  First  daughter  and  child  to 
David  L.  Reynolds  79  and  Krista  Hall 
Reynolds  '82  on  June  21.  Named  Mason  English. 


80s 


J.  Michael  Ching  '80,  associate  artistic  director 
for  the  Virginia  Opera,  has  conceived,  composed,  and 
written  Cue  67,  scheduled  for  world  premiere  in  Nor- 
folk in  January  1992.  He  was  executive  director  of  the 
Triangle  Opera  in  Durham. 

Christine  Mueller  Dickerson  '80  works  as  a 
clinical  nurse  specialist  in  pediatric  critical  care  at  the 
Children's  Hospital  in  Philadelphia.  She  and  her  hus- 
band, John,  live  in  N.  Wales,  Pa. 

Robert  A.  Dunn  '80,  J.D.  '83  is  a  partner  and  co- 
founder  of  Dinnin  &  Dunn,  P.C.  in  Troy,  Mich. 

Grace  Spataf  ora  Harris  '80,  a  third-year  post- 
doctoral fellow  at  Washington  University,  has  received 
a  National  Research  Service  Award  for  her  research 
on  the  oral  pathogen  Streptococcus  mutans.  She  will 
continue  her  research  on  a  National  Institute  of  Den- 
tal Research  grant  in  the  microbiology  department  at 
the  University  of  Alabama  in  Birmingham.  She  and 
her  husband,  Lewis  W.  Harris  Jr.  78,  live  in 
Mountain  Brook,  Ala. 

Lisa  Hudspeth  '80  is  director  of  the  female  under- 
wear business  at  Sara  Lee  Knit  Products  in  Winston- 
Salem,  N.C. 

Grace  C.  Ju  '80  is  assistant  professor  of  biology  at 
Gordon  College.  She  and  her  husband,  Garth  Miller, 
live  in  Wenham,  Mass. 

Robyn  Joyce  Levy  '80  was  named  a  fellow  in 
the  American  Academy  of  Pediatrics.  She  lives  in 
Atlanta. 


is  associate  director 
of  foundation  relations  at  Duke's  development  office. 
Before  joining  the  Annual  Fund  in  1986,  she  was  in 
corporate  fund  raising  for  the  Fuqua  School  of  Busi- 
ness. She  and  her  husband,  Don  Mikush  B.S.E. 
'80,  a  partner  in  Cassell  Design  Group,  Inc.,  have 
three  children  and  live  in  Durham. 

Jeff  M.  Novatt  '80  is  a  shareholder  in  the  Los 
Angeles  law  firm  Walter,  Finestone,  Richter  &  Kane. 
He  and  his  wife,  Susan  Westeen  Novatt  J.D. 
'83,  and  their  son  live  in  Pacific  Palisades. 

Charles  J.  O'Shea  '80  is  serving  a  two-year  term 
in  the  NY.  State  Assembly.  He  and  his  wife,  Carol 
Ann,  live  in  Baldwin,  NY. 

David  G.  Sisler  '80  is  an  attorney  with  Central 
and  South  West  Corp.  He  lives  in  Farmers  Branch, 
Texas. 


L.  Spilman  III  '80  has  been  named  a 
partner  in  the  New  Orleans  law  firm  Deutsch,  Kerrigan 
&  Stiles.  He  has  worked  at  the  firm  since  March  1986. 

Judith  Fuquay  Whiting  '80  is  an  NCNB  vice 
president  and  a  credit  policy  officer  for  the  northeast 
region  of  North  Carolina.  She  and  her  husband, 
George,  live  in  Morehead  City,  N.C. 


works  for  the  Atlantic 
City,  N.J.,  law  firm  Levine,  Staller,  Sklar,  Chan  and 
Brodsky.  He  and  his  wife,  Nancy,  and  their  son  live  in 
Linwood,  N.J. 

Atis  V.  Zikmanis  '80  is  service  director  in  the 
loss  prevention  department  of  Liberty  Mutual  Insur- 
ance Co.  He  lives  in  Newbury  Park,  Calif. 

Robert  D.  Buschman  '81  is  director  of  financial 
planning  for  Space  Master  Enterprises.  His  wife, 
Peggy  L.  Amend  '83,  is  support  manager  for 
Secure  Ware,  Inc.  They  live  in  Atlanta. 

Jonathan  Edward  Claiborne  J.D.  '81  repre- 
sented Duke  in  October  at  the  inauguration  of  the 
president  of  the  University  of  Maryland  at  Baltimore. 


Thomas  E.  Cole  '81  works  in  the  finance  division 
of  Cornell  University's  administration.  He  and  his 
wife,  Margaret,  and  their  daughter  live  in  Ithaca,  NY. 

Cynthia  Turner  Flentrop  '81,  A.M.  '88  is  cur- 
rently completing  a  year  of  organ  study  in  Leeuwarden, 
The  Netherlands,  on  a  Fulbright  grant.  She  and  her 
husband,  Dirk  A.  Flentrop  Hon.  76,  live  in  Sant- 
poort-Zuid. 

Kenneth  V.  Gouwens  '81,  who  received  his 
Ph.D.  from  Stanford  in  June,  is  an  assistant  professor 
of  Renaissance  history  at  the  University  of  South 
Carolina  at  Columbia. 

James  Gerard  Grant  '81  is  president  of  LP. 
Realty,  Inc.  His  wife,  Laurie  Polhemus  Grant 

'81,  is  a  principal  with  Gardenworks,  Ltd.,  a  landscape 
design  consulting  group.  They  live  with  their  two 
children  in  Falls  Church,  Va. 

Leslie  Cornell  Martin  '81  is  on  the  psychology 
faculty  at  Caldwell  College  in  Caldwell,  N.J.  She  lives 
in  W.  Caldwell  with  her  husband,  Charlie,  and  a 
daughter. 

Kevin  H.  Pollard  '81  is  vice  president  of  Freeport- 
McMoRan,  Inc.,  in  New  Orleans,  La. 

Gerald  B.  Pottern  '81  is  senior  aquatic  and  wet- 
land biologist  for  Robert  J.  Goldstein  and  Associates, 
environmental  consultants  in  Raleigh.  He  and  his  wife, 
Sharon,  live  in  Wake  Forest,  N.C. 

Donald  H.  Tucker  Jr.  '81  is  a  partner  in  the  law 
firm  Smith,  Anderson,  Blount,  Dorsett,  Mitchell,  and 
Jernigan.  He  and  his  wife,  Mary  McManaway 
Tucker  '81,  and  their  two  children  live  in  Raleigh, 
N.C. 


F.  Via  '81,  a  first-year  medical  student  at 
Duke,  returned  to  Duke  last  year  after  seven  years  as 
the  principal  double  bassist  of  the  Virginia  Symphony 
and  Opera.  He  and  his  wife,  Susan,  live  in  Durham. 

Jeffrey  N.  Vinik  '81  is  the  steward  of  Fidelity 
Investment's  growth-and-income  fund.  He  lives  in 
Weston,  Mass. 


Anne  Walter  '81  is  an  associate  professor  in  physi- 
ology and  biophysics  in  a  joint  faculty  appointment  at 
Wright  State  University's  School  of  Medicine  and  the 
College  of  Science  and  Mathematics.  She  lives  in 
Centerville,  Ohio. 


received  his  M.Div. 
from  Union  Theological  Seminary  in  Virginia  in  May 
1991.  He  and  his  wife,  Mary  Mc Arthur  Warner 

'80,  and  their  two  children  live  in  Richmond. 

William  P.  Wright  Jr.  '81  has  a  private  practice 
in  invasive  cardiology  in  St.  Louis.  He  lives  in 
Columbia,  Mo. 


A.M.  '82,  an  Army  lieutenant,  is 
commander  of  the  46th  Infantry  at  Fort  Knox,  Ky. 

Michael  C.  Cavallaro  '82  returned  from  deploy- 
ment in  the  Middle  East  in  Operation  Desert  Storm 
while  serving  with  Marine  Aircraft  Group-29.  He 
reported  to  Marine  Corps  Air  Station  New  River  in 
Jacksonville,  N.C. 

Clyde  C.  Eskridge  III  M.Div.  '82  was  promoted 
to  vice  president  at  NCNB  in  May  1991.  He  has 
worked  for  NCNB  since  1985.  He,  his  wife,  Linda, 
and  their  three  children  live  in  Lincolnton,  N.C. 

Virginia  Turnbull  Gibbs  B.S.E.  '82  is  president 
of  Integrated  Plastic  Services,  Inc.  She  and  her  hus- 
band, Daniel,  live  in  Peachtree  City,  Ga. 

Mary  Kay  Grady  B.S.N.  '82  graduated  from  the 
Medical  College  of  Virginia  in  May  and  began  her 
residency  in  anesthesiology  at  George  Washington 
University  Hospital  in  Washington,  D.C. 

Charles  D.  Lutes  B.S.E.  '82  is  an  Air  Force  cap- 
tain assigned  as  a  flight  commander  to  the  909th  Air 


Refueling  Squadron's  Kadena  Air  Force  Base  in  Oki- 
nawa, Japan.  His  wife,  Jill  Riggs  Lutes  '85,  left 
the  Air  Force  in  January  1991  to  pursue  a  master's  in 
educational  leadership  from  Troy  State  at  Kadena  Air 
Base  in  Okinawa. 

James  Hamilton  Madden  '82  is  president  and 
CEO  with  Madden  Associates  in  Richmond,  Va. 

Thomas  Anthony  Schroeter  '82  is  an  ortho- 
pedic surgery  resident  at  Duke  Medical  Center.  He 
and  his  wife,  Marilyn  Curey  Schroeter  '81, 
live  in  Durham. 

Jennifer  J.  Schwarz  '82  is  a  vice  president  and 
portfolio  manager  at  Oppenheimer  Capital.  She  and 
her  husband,  Robert  Home,  live  in  New  York  City. 

Lani  Schweiker  Shelton  82  is  an  attorney 
practicing  labor  and  employment  law  with  the  firm 
Dechert  Price  &  Rhoads  in  Philadelphia.  She  and  her 
husband,  William,  live  in  the  Philadelphia  area. 

Christina  Allen  B.S.E.  '83  is  pursuing  a  degree  in 
medicine  at  the  UCLA  Medical  School,  planning  to 
specialize  in  sports  medicine. 


M.  Chimoff  '83  has  a  marketing  position 
with  Thomas  J.  Lipton  Co.  He  lives  in  Edgewater,  N.J. 

Rachel  A.  "Stacey"  Coulter  '83  completed  a 
ten-day  eye-care  mission  to  Tecuala,  Mexico,  with 
Student  Optometric  Services  to  Humanity. 


Eaton  '83,  a  Navy  lieutenant  since 
1983,  is  stationed  at  the  Naval  Air  Station  in  Nor- 
folk, Va. 

Paula  Litner  Friedman  '83  is  an  associate  mar- 
ket research  manager  in  the  beverage  division  of  Gen- 
eral Foods.  She  and  her  husband,  Howard,  and  their 
son  live  in  Stamford,  Conn. 

John  D.  Loftin  Ph.D.  '83  is  the  author  of  Religion 
and  Hopi  Life  in  the  Twentieth  Century,  published  by  In- 
diana University  Press  in  March  1991.  He  teaches  in 
the  religious  studies  department  at  UNC-Chapel  Hill. 


Kopp  McNutt  M.Div.  '83  is  assistant 
director  of  Duke's  Annual  Fund  and  is  responsible  for 
reunion  classes.  She  had  been  assistant  director  for 
the  alumni  admissions  program  for  the  alumni  affairs 
office  since  1985.  She  and  her  husband,  Frank,  and 
their  daughter  live  in  Durham. 

William  "Bud"  Martin  '83  was  named  vice  presi- 
dent of  Cambridge  Sports  International  in  Pittsburgh 
last  year. 

Abby  Margolis  Newman  '83  is  a  free-lance 
producer  of  television  commercials.  She  and  her  hus- 
band, Chris,  live  in  Stamford,  Conn. 

Stephanie  Eaton  Niemchak  '83  works  in  the 
intensive  care  unit  at  Duke  Medical  Center.  She,  her 
husband,  Michael,  and  their  two  children  live  in 
Raleigh. 

Todd  D.  Rangel  '83  is  vice  president  and  relation- 
ship manager  at  NCNB.  He  and  his  wife,  Kimberly, 
live  in  Greensboro,  N.C. 


F.  Reid  '83  received  Southwest  Missouri 
State  University's  Excellence  in  Teaching  Award.  He 
is  an  associate  professor  of  mathematics  at  S.M.S.U. 
in  Springfield. 


C.  Williams  '83  is  a  senior  member  of 
the  technical  staff  at  Alcatel  Network  Systems.  His 
wife,  Georgann  Hibbard  Williams  '84,  who 
was  named  a  1991  Outstanding  Young  Woman  of 
America,  is  pursuing  her  Ph.D.  in  education  at  N.C. 
State  University.  They  live  with  their  daughter  in 
Raleigh. 

David  W.  Altman  '84,  who  completed  his  gradu- 
ate training  in  periodontics  in  1990,  is  practicing  and 
living  in  Orlando,  Fla. 


ALL  IN  THE  FAMILY 


The  name  is  famil- 
iar, but  the  poli- 
tics differ.  Ben- 
nettJohnstonIH'81, 
son  of  the  U.S.  Senator 
from  Louisiana  of  the 
same  name,  is  follow- 
ing— in  a  fashion — in 
his  father's  footsteps. 
He's  running  for  Con- 
gress in  California's 
Sixth  District. 

While  his  family  ties 
may  have  provided  him 
with  an  initial  exposure 
to  politics,  Johnston 
says  his  Duke  experi- 
ences intensified  his 
interest  in  policy  mat- 
ters. His  academic  ad- 
viser and  two-time  pro- 
fessor was  political 
science  professor  David 
Price,  who  is  now  a 
North  Carolina  Demo- 
cratic congressman. 
And  he  was  an  under- 
graduate back  when 
"Uncle  Terry" — now 
Senator  Sanford — was 
university  president 
Johnston  was  also  active 
in  community  work 
with  the  Durham  Food 
Co-Op,  North  Carolina 
PIRG,  and  the  United 
Farm  Workers. 

For  the  past  seven 
years,  Johnston  worked 
for  The  Trust  for  Public 
Land,  a  national  non- 
profit environmental 
organization.  As  na- 
tional director  of  land 
conservation,  Johnston 
was  lead  negotiator  and 
legislative  strategist  with 
the  U.S.  Congress  and 
state  and  local  legisla- 
tures. He  was  involved 
in  more  than  fifty  suc- 
cessful campaigns  to 
protect  land  and  natur- 
al resources  in  the  San 
Francisco  Bay  Area 
and  across  the  country. 

Johnston  cut  his 
political  teeth  working 
for  his  father's  high- 
profile  re-election  cam- 
paign against  former 
Ku  Klux  Klansman 
David  Duke.  The  race 
gave  Johnston  a  look  at 
how  contentious  the 
political  game  can  be- 
come. But  Johnston 
thinks  his  own  bid  for 


Johnston:  congressional 
concerns  in  California 

Congress  will  be  less 
charged. 

"This  is  a  highly 
sophisticated  voting 
district — it  includes  San 
Francisco  and  Marin 
counties — and  people 
here  care  about  a  wide 
range  of  national 
issues,"  says  the  Marin 
County  resident.  "And 
that  will  allow  me  as  a 
member  of  Congress  to 
have  an  impact  on  the 
national  agenda." 

Johnston  is  refresh- 
ingly upfront  about  his 
political  views,  a  quality 
that  many  of  his  col- 
leagues work  hard  to 
avoid.  He  supports  the 
family  leave  bill,  greater 
investment  in  educa- 
tion, a  national  health 
insurance  program, 
significant  cuts  in  mili- 
tary spending,  and  "a 
woman's  right  to  choose 
when  and  whether  to 
have  children." 

In  mounting  what  he 
calls  "an  intense  grass- 
roots campaign,"  John- 
ston is  relying  on  an 
extensive  Duke  net- 
work  of  friends  and 
classmates  for  support. 
And  even  though  the 
Democratic  primary 
isn't  until  June,  John- 
ston knows  he  has  his 
work  cut  out  for  him. 

"People  my  age  are 
not  that  active  in  poli- 
tics, and  I  had  some 
initial  skepticism  about 
running,"  he  says.  "But 
given  my  background 
and  experience,  pursu- 
ing a  political  office 
seemed  like  a  natural 
thing  to  do." 


Rachel  Frankel  '84  received  her  master's  in 
architecture  from  Harvard  in  June.  She  lives  in  New 
York  City. 

David  A.  Gedzelman  '84  is  director  of  Hillel  at 
Lee  College  at  the  University  of  Judaism,  Los  Ange- 
les-Pierce College,  and  Los  Angeles- Valley  College. 


Bruce  David  Geltman  '84  is  a  sales  engineer 
with  Siecor  Corp.  He  lives  in  Timonium,  Md. 

Jared  F.  Harris  '84  hosted  a  show  of  the  paint- 
ings of  Jeffrey  W.  Bennett  '84  in  his  home  in 
New  York  City  in  May  1991. 

Kathleen  McConnell  Lohry  BSE.  '84  is  an 
environmental  engineer  with  the  E.P.A.  She  lives  in 
Dallas,  Texas. 

Rosalyn  Borofsky  Ritts  BSE.  84 received 
her  Ph.D.  in  electtical  engineering  at  Stanford  last 
September.  She  is  an  AIP  Congressional  Science 
Fellow. 

J.F.  Sandy  Smith  J.D.  '84,  an  attorney  with  the 
Atlanta  law  firm  Morris,  Manning  &.  Martin,  is  a 
member  of  Stanford  University's  board  of  trustees. 

Mark  S.  Ahnrud  M.B.A.  '85  was  named  a  vice 
president  of  NCNB  in  May  1991.  He  has  been  an 
investment  manager  with  the  bank  since  1985.  He 
and  his  wife,  Vicki,  live  in  Charlotte,  N.C. 

Matthew  D.  Bacchetta  '85  received  his  M.B.A. 
from  the  University  of  Virginia's  Darden  School. 

Christopher  G.  Bauder  '85  is  product  manager, 
new  products,  OTC/seasonal,  for  Schering-Plough 
HealthCare  Products.  He  lives  in  Liberty  Corner,  N.J. 

Neil  G.  Becker  '85  is  an  attorney  with  Berman 
and  Sable  in  Hartford,  Conn.  He  and  his  wife,  Beth, 
live  in  West  Hartford. 

Lawrence  L.  "Lee"  Golunski  MD.  '85  is 

chief  resident  in  the  Department  of  Community  and 
Family  Medicine  at  Duke  Medical  Center. 


W.  Horton  J.D.  '85  is  a  shareholder  in 
the  Birmingham  law  firm  Haskell  Slaughter  Young 
&  Johnston.  He  and  his  wife,  Judilyn,  live  in 
Birmingham. 

Paul  Johnson  '85,  who  graduated  from  the  Uni- 
versity of  Michigan's  law  school  in  May  1990,  is  an 
associate  with  the  patent  law  firm  Pravel,  Gambrell, 
Hewitt,  Kimball  &  Krieger  in  Houston,  Texas. 

Michael  E.  Lyons  '85,  who  received  his  M.B.A. 
from  the  University  of  Texas,  wotks  for  IBM.  He  lives 
with  his  wife,  Joellen  Biefuss  '85,  and  their  son, 
Nicholas,  in  Tampa,  Fla. 

William  E.  Monaghan  II  '85  is  an  assistant  vice 
president  in  the  international  funds  group  of  the 
Boston  Company  Advisors  in  Boston. 

Karen  Sheehan  '85  received  her  M.D.  last  May 
from  Northeastern  Ohio  Universities  College  of 
Medicine.  She  is  a  resident  in  diagnostic  radiology  at 
MetroHealth  Medical  Center  in  Cleveland. 


'85,  who  received  his  M.Ed, 
from  the  University  of  Cincinnati  in  June,  was 
awarded  a  Rockefeller  Fellowship  for  foreign  language 
teachers.  He  will  travel  through  England  to  conduct 
research  on  Roman  Britain.  He  and  his  wife,  Miriam 
Fox '85,  live  in  Ci 


Susan  Long  West  '85  is  a  trust  officer  with 
NCNB.  She  and  her  husband,  Kirk,  live  in  Park  City, 
Utah. 


Sidney  E.  Wood  III  85  is  marketing ; 

international  associates,  with  Mobil  Oil  Corp.  in 
Fairfax,  Va.  He  lives  in  Alexandria,  Va. 

Jon  M.  Allingham  A.M.  '86  is  a  Distinguished 
Member  of  the  Technical  Staff  at  AT&T  Bell  Labora- 
tories in  Whippany,  N.J.  He  and  his  wife,  Baerbel, 
live  in  Randolph,  N.J. 

Catherine  Maynard  Armstrong  '86  is  assis- 
tant brand  manager  with  Advanced  Care  Products  in 
Raritan,  N.J. 

Katherine  M.  Benson  '86  is  a  postdoctoral 

fellow  researching  particle  theory  ,it  the  Institute  for 


Yachtsman's  Caribbean  January  18-25 

Explore  what  National  Geographic  has  called  "some  of  the 
world's  most  beautiful  waters"  on  board  the  Nantucket  Clipper. 
You  will  discover  secluded  bays,  picturesque  coves,  out-of-the- 
way  marinas  and  some  of  the  finest  beaches  in  the  world 
known  only  to  exclusive  private  yachts.  From  St.  Thomas  we 
will  visit  St.  John,  Tortola,  Norman  Island,  Virgin  Gorda, 
Jost  Van  Dyke,  St.  Thomas.  Prices  start  at  just  $1,520  per 
person  with  special  Duke  discount  plus  Clipper  Air  Program. 

India,  Africa  &  The  Seychelles 
January  26-February  10 

Join  fellow  Duke  Alumni  for  the  inaugural  season  of  Royal 
Cruise  Line's  newest  crown  jewel,  the  classic  Royal  Odyssey. 
From  the  wonders  of  Bombay  and  Goa  to  Kenya's  wild  game 
parks  and  the  rapturous  islands  of  the  Indian  Ocean-the 
Maldives,  Seychelles,  Madagascar  and  Zanzibar.  Guests  will 
be  pampered  onboard  with  single-seating  dining  and  award- 
winning  service.  Featuring  an  overnight  on  board  in  Mom- 
basa, plus  optional,  low-cost  land  extensions  in  Delhi  for  the 
Taj  Mahal  and  Nairobi  for  an  African  Safari.  Prices  begin  at 
$4,396  including  air  from  major  cities. 


Pearls  of  the  Orient  February  5-16 

The  Orient,  ancient  and  mystical ,  has  long  captivated  the 
imaginations  of  Westerners  with  its  diversity,  its  size  and 
its  brilliant  contrasts.  It  is  an  area  steeped  in  tradition  and 
religion— a  vast,  seemingly  inexhaustible  source  of  riches  and 
wonder.  Now,  Alumni  Holidays  is  pleased  to  offer  an  extraor- 
dinary opportunity  to  explore  an  intriguing  corner  of  the 
Orient,  offering  a  fascinating  mix  of  cultures,  races,  religions, 
languages  and  ways  of  life.  You'll  travel  first  to  the  bustling 
island  nation  of  Singapore,  the  "Crossroads  of  the  World," 
where  Chinese,  Malay,  Indian  and  Western  cultures  converge. 
From  Singapore,  enjoy  your  four-night  "Tropical  Sea  Roads 
Cruise"  aboard  the  intimate  200  passenger  M/S  Song  of  Flower 
(awarded  a  five-star  rating  by  Fieldings).  Cruise  to  Port 
Kelang,  gateway  to  Kuala  Lumpur;  then  Penang,  Malaysia; 
and  on  to  Phuket,  Thailand.  Enjoy  deluxe  spacious  accom- 
modations and  exquisite  international  cuisine  accompanied 
by  complimentary  wines.  The  Songof  Flower  offers  all  the 
amenities  expected  on  the  finest  luxury  liner— and  more. 
Next,  colorful  Bangkok,  Thailand,  with  its  distinct  temples 
and  monasteries  that  display  a  style  found  nowhere  else  in  the 
world.  Prolong  the  excitement  with  a  post-trip  extension  to 
Hong  Kong  with  its  modern  skyscrapers,  crowded  harbor  and 
distinct  blend  of  East  and  West.  Come,  discover  the  varied 
treasures  of  the  Orient  on  this  once-in-a-lifetime  journey  to 
exotic  Southeast  Asia.  From  approximately  $4,300  per  person 
from  San  Francisco. 


Galapagos  Islands 


March  12-25 

Explore  with  us  one  of  earth's  most  remote  treasures,  the 
Galapagos  Islands.  Walk  in  the  footsteps  of  Charles  Darwin 
among  giant  tortoises,  blue-footed  boobies  and  marine  iguanas. 
Swim  with  penguins  and  frolicking  sea  lion  pups  as  we  cruise 
for  eight  days/seven  nights  on  the  luxurious  privately- 
chartered  yacht  cruiser,  the  m.y.  Fnc.  Ports  of  call  include 
San  Cristobal,  Hood,  Floreana,  Santa  Cruz,  Santa  Fe,  Plaza, 
North  Seymour,  Bartolorne  and  James  Islands.  Also  included 
in  the  itinerary  are  stays  in  Quito,  the  capital  of  Ecuador, 
Cuenca  and  Guayaquil.  Approximately  $4,250  per  person. 

Historic  Cities  and  Hill  Towns  of  Italy      April  6-20 

Join  us  this  spring  for  a  most  comprehensive  yet  leisurely 
itinerary  that  includes  three  of  the  world's  most  historic  and 
unique  cities:  Rome,  the  eternal  city;  Florence,  the  premier  city 
of  the  Italian  renaissance;  and  Venice,  the  gem  of  the  Adriatic 
and  home  of  the  Doges.  Our  route  of  travel  among  these  three 
masterpiece  cities  will  take  us  into  the  countryside. .  .  the 
Umbria  region;  Orvieto,  Todi,  Spoleto,  and  Assisi.  Then 
toward  Florence  with  a  visit  to  the  medieval  city  of  Siena. 
Extensive  sight-seeing  in  city  and  country  with  an  experi- 
enced Italian  guide  will  focus  on  the  an,  architecture,  history 
and  cuisine  of  Italy.  Approximately  $3,700  from  New  York. 


Austria  May  13-22 

Settle  into  a  charming  Tyrolean  hotel  for  eight  nights  in  the 
idyllic  alpine  resort  of  Kitzbuhel,  with  time  to  enjoy  the 
splendid  scenery  and  regional  flavor  and  to  get  to  know  the 
area  well.  Travel  with  the  group  to  Salzburg  for  an  exciting 
day  of  sightseeing.  Enjoy  a  full-day  excursion  on  the  breath- 
taking Grossglockner  Highway.  Visit  the  highlights  of 
Innsbruck  including  a  private  tour  of  Tratzberg  Castle.  Enjoy 
a  festive  Tyrolean  buffet,  a  walking  tour  of  Kitzbuhel,  evening 
concerts  in  the  town  square,  and  nightlife  at  the  local  casino. 


UKE  TRAVEL  1992 

MANY  MORE  EXCITING  ADVENTURES 

"The  world  is  a  great  book,  of  which  they  who  never  stir 
from  home  read  only  a  page." 

St.  Augustine 

We  cordially  invite  you  to  travel  with  us. 


Approximately  $2,200  per  pen 
Washington,  D.C. 


double  occupancy  from 


Western  Mediterranean  Cruise  May  19-June  1 

Cruise  aboard  the  Seabourn  Spirit  including  special  visits  to 
Rome  and  Paris.  We  begin  this  exclusive  itinerary  with  two 
nights  in  Rome  prior  to  boarding  the  elegant,  five-star  plus 
rated  Seabourn  Spirit  for  a  seven  night  cruise,  Rome  to  Nice. 
Travel  and  Leisure  has  designated  the  Seabourn  Spirit  as,  "now 
the  one  to  beat."  From  Nice  we  fly  to  Paris  and  spend  three 
nights  in  the  City  of  Light.  Deluxe  sightseeing  in  Rome  and 
Paris-a  travel  experience  for  the  connoisseur!  Approximately 
$8,000  from  New  York. 

Scandinavia/Russia  Cruise  June  11-25 

Seven  colorful  pons  on  one  deluxe  five-star  cruise-there  is 
no  better  way  to  experience  Scandinavia  and  the  Baltic  port 
of  Leningrad,  U.S.S.R.  Duke  travelers  have  an  added  option 
of  beginning  their  vacation  with  a  three-day  exploration  of 
Copenhagen's  canals  and  castles  before  the  luxurious  Crystal 
Harmony  sets  sail  to  Helsinki,  Finland,  Leningrad,  U.S.S.R., 
Stockholm,  Sweden,  Gdansk,  Poland,  Oslo,  Norway,  and 
Amsterdam,  Holland,  on  a  delightful  13-night  cruise.  The  new 
Crystal  Harmony  was  designed  to  be  the  most  spacious  and 
luxurious  of  all  cruise  vessels.  She  boasts  the  largest  suites  with 
over  50%  of  the  staterooms  having  private  verandas.  Three 
elegant  restaurants  offer  a  variety  of  cuisine  and  ambience. 
Special  cocktail  parties,  an  orchestra  for  dancing  and  nightly 
entertainment  cap  off  days  of  leisurely  discovery.  Whether  it 
be  touring,  shopping  or  posh  nightlife,  this  travel  experience 
is  certain  to  appeal  to  everyone.  Reduced  airfare  from  many 
major  cities  enhances  the  attraction.  The  Scandinavia/Russia 
Cruise  is  priced  from  approximately  $4,585  per  person. 

Cotes  du  Rhone  Passage  June  30-July  13 

Since  Alumni  Holidays  first  introduced  its  pioneering  Cotes 
du  Rhone  Passage  in  1986,  the  Rhone  River  Valley  of  Provence 
has  provided  travelers  one  of  France's  most  colorful  and 
historic  areas.  This  exclusive  land/cruise  program  begins  in 
Cannes,  the  sparkling  jewel  of  the  Mediterranean's  Cote 


dAzur.  Its  famous  palm  tree-lined  boulevard,  Promenade  de  la 
Croisette,  runs  along  the  coast,  separating  luxurious  hotels 
from  sun-drenched,  sandy  beaches  that  ring  the  Bay  of  Napoule. 
From  its  elegant  boutiques  and  side-walk  cafes  to  its  inter- 
national festivals  and  casino,  Cannes  is  truly  among  the  very 
finest  of  European  resorts.  Experience  also  the  beauty  of 
Monaco  and  other  resorts  along  the  French  Riviera  as  well  as 
the  medieval  "Perched  Villages"  in  the  nearby  Maritime  Alps. 
From  Cannes,  travel  to  fascinating  Avignon,  one  of  France's 
most  splendid  medieval  cities,  where  you  will  board  our  exclu- 
sive deluxe  river  cruise  ship,  the  M/SArlene.  Your  eight-day/ 
seven-night  cruise  of  the  Rhone  and  Saone  Rivers  will  bring 
you  face-to-face  with  Roman  Ruins,  ancient  towns  frozen  in 
time  and  a  landscape  which  Vincent  van  Gogh  captured  on 

nvasses.  Journey  from  Macon  in  Burgundy  to  the 
2  city  of  Paris  by  TGV  high-speed  train  for  a 
relaxing  conclusion  to  your  French  experience.  From  the 
Mediterranean  to  the  Ile-de-France,  the  Cotes  du  Rhone  is.  .  . 
magnifu}ue\  From  approximately  $4,400  per  person  from 
Atlanta  and  $4,300  per  person  from  New  York. 

Midnight  Sun  Express  and  Alaska  Passage 
July  17-30 

Begin  with  two  nights  in  the  1902  gold  rush  city  of  Fair- 
banks, Alaska.  Then,  board  your  own  private  cars  of  the 
Midnight  Sun  Express  train  (considered  by  many  to  be  the 
most  luxurious  rail  journey  in  the  United  States)  as  it  winds  for 
450  miles  through  the  rugged,  wild,  last  American  frontier. 
After  the  first  sixty  miles  by  rail,  arrive  at  six-million  acre 
Denali  National  Park  for  a  one-night  visit  and,  perhaps,  catch 
a  glimpse  of  Mount  McKinley,  the  park's  centerpiece.  On  to 
Anchorage  for  a  two-night  stay,  and  then  board  the  Pacific 
Princess,  your  deluxe  home  away  from  home  for  seven  nights, 
and  cruise  Alaska's  Inside  Passage  to  Vancouver.  The  Midnight 
Sun  Express  and  Alaska  Passage  is  an  outstanding  travel  value, 
with  sure  and  certain  appeal.  All  sight-seeing  is  included  in 
Fairbanks,  Denali  National  Park  and  Anchorage.  A  two-night 
Vancouver  option  is  available.  There  is  no  more  luxurious  way 
to  see  Alaska  than  on  this  exclusive  new  land  and  sea  itinerary. 
The  Midnight  Sun  Express  and  Alaska  Passage  is  priced  from 
approximately  $2,599,  per  person,  from  Fairbanks/ Vancouver. 


TO  RECEIVE  DETAILED  BROCHURES,  FILL  OUT  THE  COUPON  AND  RETURN  TO 
BARBARA  DeLAPP  BOOTH  '54,  DUKE  TRAVEL,  614  CHAPEL  DRIVE,  DURHAM,  N.C. 
27706,(919)684-5114 

□    CARIBBEAN 

□    INDIA/SEYCHELLES 

□   THE  ORIENT 

□    GALAPAGOS 

□    ITALY 

□   AUSTRIA 

□   MEDITERRANEAN 

□   SCANDINAVIA/RUSSIA 

□    COTES  du  RHONE 

□    ALASKA 

□   ROGUE  RIVER 

□    CANADIAN  ROCKIES 

□    CHINA 

□    SPAIN 

□    GREEK  ISLES 

□   THE  AMAZON 

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26 


The  Rogue  River- A  Rafting  Trip  July  20-26 

Declared  the  nation's  first  Wild  and  Scenic  river,  the  Rogue 
has  something  for  everyone.  Its  water  is  warm,  its  rapids  are 
exciting  but  safe,  its  wildlife  is  plentiful  (bear,  elk,  bald  eagle, 
deer,  otter,  beaver,  osprey)  and  its  scenery  is  lush  and  delight- 
ful. Rafting  45  miles  in  five  days  provides  ample  time  and 
opportunity  for  side  hikes  to  nearby  waterfalls,  and  swimming 
holes.  The  Rogue  is  gentle  enough  for  the  novice  and  diverse 
enough  for  the  experienced.  In  short,  it's  the  perfect  river 
rafting  trip.  $895  from  Medford,  Oregon. 

Canadian  Rockies  Adventure  August  10-19 

A  nature  spectacular  visiting  the  best  of  the  Canadian 
West. . .  one  night  in  Calgary  at  the  Palliser  Hotel;  two  nights 
in  Glacier  National  Park-one  night  at  Many  Glacier  Hotel, 
then  crossing  the  Continental  Divide  for  one  night  at  Lake 
McDonald  Lodge;  two  nights  at  beautiful  Chateau  Lake  Louise; 
two  nights  at  the  Jasper  Park  Lodge  in  Jasper;  and  two  nights 
in  Banff  at  the  Banff  Springs  Hotel.  Few  wilderness  regions 
of  the  world  can  match  the  beauty  and  grandeur  of  Canada's 
West.  Your  members  will  view  it  in  a  small,  congenial  group. 
All  sightseeing  and  most  meals  are  included  throughout  the 
trip  at  no  additional  charge.  Special  welcome  and  farewell 
cocktail  and  dinner  parties  are  also  included.  The  Canadian 
Rockies  Adventure  is  priced  at  approximately  $2,199,  per 
person,  from  Calgary. 

China  and  Yangtze  River  Cruise 
September  22-October  10 

CHINA!  The  very  word  conjures  up  images  of  mystery, 
adventure  and  spectacular  sights.  By  far  the  most  populated 
country  on  earth,  the  Chinese  culture  and  civilization  have 
endured  longer  than  any  other  in  the  history  of  the  world. 
China's  unique  products-silk,  porcelain,  tea-have  long  been 
coveted  trade  commodities  and  the  fabled  splendors  of  far 
Cathay  have  excited  the  imagination  of  Western  travelers  for 
centuries.  Alumni  Holidays  is  pleased  to  offer  an  exclusive  itin- 
erary which  includes  the  best  of  the  People's  Republic  and  fea- 
tures an  unforgettable  three-night  cruise  down  the  upper 
Yangtze  River  and  the  scenic  splendor  of  the  Three  Gorges, 
often  cited  as  the  world's  most  spectacular  river  scenery.  In 
and  around  Beijing,  you'll  see  the  Great  Wall,  the  Forbidden 
City,  the  Summer  Palace  and  the  Temple  of  Heaven.  You'll 
stop  at  Xi'an  to  view  the  hundreds  of  recently  excavated  terra- 
cotta warriors  guarding  the  tomb  of  the  first  emperor  of  a 
united  China.  You'll  enjoy  the  metropolitan  sights  and  plea- 
sures of  Shanghai,  China's  largest  city.  Also  available  is  an 
optional  two-night  extension  to  exciting  Hong  Kong,  where 
fabulous  shopping  and  sightseeing  exist  side  by  side.  To  ensure 
maximum  participant  enjoyment,  group  size  will  be  limited 
to  40.  From  approximately  $4,895  per  person  from  San 
Francisco. 

Grand  Tour  of  Spain  October  13-26 

This  fall  we  explore  the  old-world  charm  of  Portugal  and 
Spain. .  .  .  countries  rich  in  history  and  traditions.  Our  itiner- 
ary begins  in  Lisbon,  capital  city  of  Portugal  and  continues 
with  visits  to:  Seville,  Cordoba,  Granada  and  cosmopolitan 
Madrid.  Via  secondary  roads  and  quiet,  rural  by-ways  we  experi- 
ence the  countryside  that  reflects  the  character  of  these  proud 
people.  A  special  selection  of  optional  excursions  will  include; 
flamenco  in  Seville,  El  Escorial  and  Valley  of  the  Fallen  and 
Avila  and  Segovia.  Approximately  $3,100  from  New  York. 

Greek  Isles  &  Ancient  Civilizations  November  14-27 

The  ancient  wonders  of  a  lost  civilization  wait  for  you  when 
you  join  fellow  Duke  alumni  and  friends  for  an  Odyssey 
through  time.  Travel  to  the  mysteries  of  Cairo,  Istanbul  and 
Pompeii;  experience  the  cultures  that  formed  world  history  in 
Rome,  Ephesus  and  Athens.  And  in  between,  touch  the  pris- 
tine beauty  of  the  romantic  islands  of  Greece.  . .  Patmos, 
Rhodes  and  Crete.  Your  home  for  this  14  day  air/sea  adven- 
ture will  be  Royal  Cruise  Line'selegant  Golden  Odyssey- long 
a  favorite  of  Duke  alumni.  Prices  begin  at  $2,715  including 


Amazon  River  Cruise  November  16-29 

Seabourn  Cruise  Line's  Amazon  is  different  from  everyone 
else's  Amazon:  Seabourn  takes  you  farther  and  closer!  On  Sea- 
bourn  to  the  Amazon,  the  wonders  never  cease.  Relax  in  your 
elegantly  appointed  outside  suite  and  gaze  through  your  own 
picture  window  at  the  unparalleled  mystery  and  majesty  of 
the  world's  mightiest  river.  Along  the  way  Seabourn's  unique 
shore  excursions  are  a  rare  mix  of  elegance  and  adventure. 
After  the  Amazon  enjoy  some  of  the  Caribbean's  least  visited 
and  most  enchanting  islands.  The  all  inclusive  price  includes 
all  shore  excursions,  gratuities,  and  airfare. 


Advanced  Studies  in  Princeton,  N.J.  Her  husband, 
Michelangelo  Grigni  '86,  is  a  postdoctoral  fel- 
low in  the  computer  science  department  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  British  Columbia  in  Vancouver. 

Susan  Lynne  Callahan  '86  is  an  investment 
officer  at  Mutual  Life  Insurance  in  New  York  City. 
She  is  in  the  M.B.A.  program  at  the  University  of 
Chicago. 

Robert  W.  Caswell  '86,  who  received  his  M.Div. 
from  Gordon-Conwell  Theological  Seminary  in  S. 
Hamilton,  Mass.,  is  pursuing  an  S.T.M.  at  Yale  Divin- 
ity School.  He  lives  with  his  wife,  Pitter,  and  a  son  in 
Ipswich,  Mass. 

Joseph  C.  Cauthen  IV  '86  was  promoted  to  assis- 
tant vice  president  of  the  real  estate  banking  division 
of  NCNB  National  Bank  of  Florida.  Since  he  received 
his  master's  in  real  estate  finance  at  the  University  of 
South  Carolina,  he  has  worked  as  a  credit  analyst  and 
officer  at  NCNB.  He  lives  in  Gainesville,  Fla. 

Julie  Heitzenrater  Duval  '86  became  a  surgi- 
cal resident  at  the  University  of  Georgia  in  July.  She 
completed  an  internship  in  small  animal  medicine  at 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania  last  year.  She  and  her 
husband,  Derek,  live  in  Nicholson,  Ga. 

Susan  Heneson  Moskowitz  '86  was  ordained 
a  rabbi  at  Hebrew  Union  College-Jewish  Institute  of 
Religion,  Cincinnati,  in  June.  She  will  assist  the  rabbi 
at  Temple  Beth  El  in  Great  Neck,  N.Y. 

Debra  Dee  Murray  Stewart  BSE.  '86  is  a 
senior  associate  engineer  at  IBM.  She  and  her  husband, 
Bret,  live  in  Austin,  Texas. 

David  E.  Nahmias  '86  is  a  law  clerk  to  Judge 
Lawrence  Silberman  of  the  D.C.  Circuit  Court  of  Ap- 
peals. He  lives  in  Arlington,  Va. 

Zev  S.  Scherl  '86  works  for  Merck,  Sharp,  and 
Dohme  in  pharmaceutical  marketing.  His  wife, 
Rachel  Braun  Scherl  '87,  is  a  second-year 
M.B.A.  student  at  Stanford.  They  live  in  Atherton, 
Calif. 

Jessica  S.  Serell  '86  is  a  second-year  associate 
practicing  litigation  with  Green,  Kahn,  Piotkowski  & 
Miller  in  Miami  Beach,  Fla.  She  lives  in  N.  Miami 
Beach. 

Scott  M.  Smith  '86  was  deployed  to  the  Middle 
East  in  support  of  Operation  Desert  Storm  while  serv- 
ing at  the  Naval  Air  Station  Oceana  in  Virginia 
Beach,  Va. 

Amy  B.  Solomon  '86,  who  received  her  M.D.  in 
May  from  the  University  of  Texas-San  Antonio,  is  an 
intern  in  internal  medicine  at  Baylor  University  in 
Dallas. 

Timothy  N.  Thoelecke  Jr.  '86  owns  and  oper- 
ates Garden  Concepts,  a  landscape  design  firm  spe- 
cializing in  residential  design.  He  lives  in  Mt. 
Prospect,  111. 

Emily  W.  Wharton  '86,  who  received  her  M.D. 
from  UNC-Chapel  Hill's  medical  school  in  May,  is  a 
resident  in  emergency  medicine  at  Orlando  Regional 
Medical  Hospital  in  Orlando,  Fla. 

Janine  Louise  Wilson  '86,  who  received  her 

M.S.  from  Lehigh  University,  is  a  civil  engineer  with 
Bechtel  Power  Corp.  She  and  her  husband,  Kevin  G. 
Smith,  live  in  Monrovia,  Md. 

Mark  WoltZ  '86  is  in  law  school  at  UNC-Chapel 
Hill.  He  and  his  wife,  Sandra,  live  in  Henderson,  N.C. 

Howard  E.  Woods  '86  was  deployed  to  the 
Middle  East  in  support  of  Operation  Desert  Storm 
while  serving  at  the  Naval  Air  Station  in  Virginia 
Beach,  Va. 

Thomas  F.  Wright  '86  is  a  medical  student  at  the 

University  of  Missouri-Columbia. 


Cynthia  L.  Baker  '87  is  associate  director  of  The 
Campaign  for  Duke  and  is  working  on  her  master's  in 
liberal  studies.  She  had  worked  for  U.S.  Sen.  George 
Mitchell  in  Washington.  She  and  her  husband, 
M.  Zeitler  '87,  live  in  Durham. 


Andrew  D.  Berlin  '87,  who  received  his  M.D.  in 
May  from  the  Medical  College  of  Virginia  in  Rich- 
mond, is  an  intern  at  the  University  of  Pittsburgh.  He 
plans  to  complete  his  residency  in  anesthesiology  at 
Hartford  Hospital  in  Connecticut. 

M.  Claire  Lawton  Birdsong  '87  is  a  family 
medicine  resident  at  Richland  Memorial  Hospital  in 
Columbia,  S.C.  She  and  her  husband,  J.  Layne 
Birdsong  '86,  live  in  Columbia. 

Leslie  Byrd  Koscielniak  '87  is  a  clinical 
social  worker  in  the  pediatric  unit  at  the  University 
of  Virginia  Medical  Center.  Her  husband,  Walter 
T.  Koscielniak  '88,  is  a  fourth-year  medical 
student  at  the  University  of  Virginia.  They  live  in 
Charlottesville. 

Rebecca  Ament  Carr  '87,  J.D.  '90  is  an  attor- 
ney in  the  N.Y.  law  firm  Chadbourne  &  Paske.  She 
and  her  husband,  Simon,  live  in  Brooklyn. 

Gordon  D.  Collins  '87  reported  for  duty  at  the 
Naval  Air  Station  in  Patuxent  River,  Md. 

Lidia  Comini  '87,  who  received  her  M.D.  from  the 
University  of  Pittsburgh's  medical  school,  is  in  a  pedi- 
atric residency  at  Children's  Hospital  of  Pittsburgh. 

Rowena  J.  Dolor  '87,  M.D.  '91  is  an  internal 

medicine  resident  at  Duke  Medical  Center. 

Cindra  Myers  Dowd  '87  received  her  J.D.  degree 
from  the  Dickinson  School  of  Law  in  June.  She  lives 
in  Carlisle,  Pa. 

Lourdes  Maria  Ebra  '87  is  a  financial  analyst  at 
Federal  Express  in  Memphis,  Tenn.,  in  the  corporate 
financial  planning  division,  international  pricing  group. 

Cynthia  J.  Farris  '87,  who  graduated  from  Har- 
vard Law  School  in  June  1990,  is  an  associate  with 
the  law  firm  Baker  6k  Botts  in  Houston. 

Marjorie  Kean  Fradin  '87  is  a  clerk  for  U.S. 
District  Judge  Robert  Warren  in  Wisconsin's  Eastern 
District.  She  and  her  husband,  Gerald,  live  in  the 
Chicago  area. 

Kelly  A.  Gordon  '87  is  pursuing  her  M.B.A.  at 
the  University  of  Michigan's  business  school  in  Ann 
Arbor. 


Herr  '87  received  his  M.B.A.  from  the 
Darden  School  at  the  University  of  Virginia  in  May. 
He  lives  in  Alexandria. 


Kaye  '87  received  her  J.D.  from 
UCLA's  law  school  in  May.  She  and  her  husband, 
Jeffrey,  live  in  West  Chester,  Ohio. 

Wendy  V.  La  Via  '87  is  manager  for  promotion 
planning  and  development  in  the  wines  division  of 
Heublein,  Inc.  She  lives  in  Avon,  Conn. 

Mark  T.  Mishkind  '87,  who  graduated  from  the 
Medical  College  of  Virginia  in  Richmond  in  May, 
began  his  surgery  residency  in  July  at  Carolinas  Medi- 
cal Center  in  Charlotte,  N.C,  where  he  lives  with  his 
wife,  Kimberly  Hannon  '88. 

Neil  S.  Roth  '87,  M.D.  '91  is  an  orthopedic  surgery 
resident  at  Columbia  University.  He  lives  in  New 
York  City. 

Ann  L.  Sharpe  '87,  M.D.  '91  is  an  obstetrics  and 
gynecology  resident  at  Vanderbilt  University  Medical 
Center  in  Nashville,  Tenn. 

Maria  Eleni  Sophocles  '87  received  her  M.D. 
in  June  from  Thomas  Jefferson  University's  medical 
college  in  Philadelphia. 


Carolyn  Ann  Sullivan  '87,  who  graduated  with 
honors  from  the  University  of  Wisconsin's  law  school 
in  May,  is  an  associate  in  the  environmental  law 
department  of  Reinhart,  Boerner,  VanDeuren, 
Norris  &  Rieselback  in  Milwaukee.  She  lives  in  Elm 
Grove,  Wise. 

Jonathan  M.  Zeitler  '87  is  a  second-year  stu- 
dent at  Duke's  law  school.  He  was  a  legislative  aide  to 
U.S.  Rep.  Mike  Andrews  in  Washington  for  three 
years.  He  and  his  wife,  Cynthia  L.  Baker  '87,  live 
in  Durham. 

Beatrice  Maud  Acland  '88  began  law  school  in 
the  fall  at  Northeastern  University  in  Boston,  where 
she  will  study  public  interest  law.  She  lives  in  Jamaica 
Plain,  Mass. 

David  Robert  Barnes  '88  received  his  J. D. 
degree  from  the  Dickinson  School  of  Law  in  June.  He 
lives  in  Holidaysburg,  Pa. 

Ellen  M.  Bublick  '88  graduated  with  honors  from 
Harvard  Law  School,  where  she  was  research  assistant 
to  constitutional  law  scholar  Lawrence  Tribe.  She  is  a 
law  clerk  to  Walter  J .  Cummings  of  the  Seventh  Cir- 
cuit Court  of  Appeals  and  lives  in  Highland  Park,  111. 

Julia  B.  Coff man  '88  has  been  awarded  a  W. 
Taliaferro  Thompson  Scholarship  for  the  1991-92 
school  year.  She  is  a  student  at  the  Union  Theologi- 
cal Seminary  in  Virginia  and  is  a  candidate  for  min- 
istry in  the  St.  Augustine  Presbytery. 

A.  Staige  Davis  '88  has  returned  from  the  Uni- 
versity of  London,  where  she  received  her  master's  in 
Victorian  art  and  architecture.  She  is  the  coordinator 
for  alumni  relations  for  the  University  of  San  Diego. 

Charles  C.  Egerton  '88  reported  for  duty  in  May 
with  Tactical  Electronic  Warfare  Squadron- 129  in 
Oak  Harbor,  Wash.  He  joined  the  Marine  Corps  in 
May  1988. 

Kristen  A.  Fisher  B.S.E.  '88  is  pursuing  an 
M.B.A.  at  the  Owen  Graduate  School  of  Manage- 
ment at  Vanderbilt  University  in  Nashville,  Term. 


is  a  commercial  loan  offi- 
cer at  the  medical  center  branch  of  First  Citizens 
Bank  in  Wilmington,  N.C. 

L.  Nathan  King  '88,  who  joined  the  Navy  in 
1988,  returned  in  May  1991  from  service  aboard  the 
USS  Raleigh  in  support  of  Operation  Desert  Storm. 
He  lives  in  Rescue,  Va. 

Chris  McDermott  B.S.E.  '88  is  working  on  a 
Ph.D.  in  operations  management  at  UNC-Chapel 
Hill.  His  wife,  Peggy  Jones  McDermott 

B.S.E.  '88,  is  a  technical  buyer  for  Alcatel  Network 
Systems  in  Raleigh.  They  live  in  Chapel  Hill. 

Tracey  Fischer  Reimann  B.S.E.  '88  is  an  in- 
structor at  the  Naval  Nuclear  Power  School,  teaching 
chemistry,  materials,  and  radiological  fundamentals  to 
officer  students.  She  and  her  husband,  Thomas,  live 
in  Jacksonville,  Fla. 


Virginia  Finley  Shannon  '88  is  director  of 
special  events  at  Duke  for  the  president's  office. 

Andre  M.  Weinfeld  '88,  who  received  his  J. D. 
from  Columbia  University's  law  school  in  May,  is  an 
associate  with  the  firm  Cravath,  Swaine,  and  Moore, 
in  New  York  City. 


M.  Paul  Whichard  '88,  a  Navy  lieutenant,  served 
as  anti-submarine  warfare  officer  on  the  USS  Banion 
during  a  six-month  deployment  circumnavigating 
South  America. 

Michelle  DeVoir  Appleby  '89  is  a  credit  ana- 
lyst with  Fleet  Bank  of  Connecticut.  She  and  her 
husband,  Mark,  live  in  Manchester,  Conn. 


Ann  Marie  Cowdrey  Bixby  '89  is  in  her  third 
year  at  Southern  Methodist  University's  law  school. 
She  and  her  husband,  William,  live  in  Dallas. 

Jacquelina  Llasa  Borges  '89  is  a  senior  con- 
sultant in  the  software  firm  Oracle  Iberica  in  Madrid, 
Spain. 

Carolyn  J.  Cavanaugh  '89  is  pursuing  her 
Ph.D.  in  clinical  psychology  at  Arizona  State  Univer- 
sity in  Tempe. 

Linda  Spyers  Duran  B.S.E.  '89  is  an  engineer 
with  General  Electric  in  Mebane,  N.C. 

Catherine  L.  Hill  M.E.M.  '89  is  the  assistant 

area  regional  hydrologist  for  Indiana,  Ohio,  and  Ken- 
tucky. She  was  principal  staff  assistant  to  the  U.S. 
Geological  Survey  associate  director,  involved  in 
educational  outreach  and  stewardship  programs  for 
the  U.S.G.S.  and  Department  of  the  Interior.  She 
lives  in  Indianapolis. 

Dana  Alice  Krug  '89  is  assistant  director  of 
advertising  at  the  New  School  For  Social  Research  in 
New  York  City.  She  lives  in  Haworth,  N.J. 

Andrew  J.  Lyons  '89  is  serving  in  the  Peace 
Corps  in  The  Gambia,  West  Africa,  where  he  teaches 
math  and  physics. 

William  R.  Mayes  Jr.  '89,  who  received  his  mas- 
ter's in  English  from  the  University  of  Virginia  in  May, 
is  working  on  his  Ph.D.  He  lives  in  Charlottesville. 

Kimberly  Perzel  '89  is  studying  in  the  design  and 
environmental  analysis  program  at  Cornell  Univer- 
sity. She  lives  in  Ithaca,  N.Y. 

Joel  Phipps  '89  is  an  account  executive  for  Anco 
Insurance  in  Houston,  Texas.  He  is  also  working  on 
an  M.B.A.  at  the  University  of  Houston. 

MARRIAGES:  Grace  C.  Ju  '80  to  Garth  Miller  on 
July  6.  Residence:  Wenham,  Mass.   .  .  .  Christine 
Baird  Mueller  '80  to  John  B.  Dickenson  on  March 
9.  Residence:  N.  Wales,  Pa.  .  .  .  Charles  Joseph 
O'Shea  '80  to  Carole  Ann  Chandler  on  Sept.  22, 
1990.  Residence:  Baldwin,  N.Y.  .  .  .Cynthia 
Jean  Turner  '81,  A.M.  '88  to  Dirk  Andries 
Flentrop  Hon.  '76  on  April  3.  Residence:  Santpoort- 
Zuid,  The  Netherlands.  .  .  Elaine  Lois  Ritter 
B.S.N.  '82  to  Stanley  J.  Shaffer  on  May  26.  Residence: 
Rochester,  NY  Virginia  Turnbull  BSE 

'82  to  Daniel  L.  Gibbs  on  April  13.  Residence:  Peach- 
tree  City,  Ga.     .  .  Abby  Esther  Margolis  '83 
to  Chris  Newman  on  May  1 1 .  Residence:  Stamford, 
Conn.  .  .  .  Leslie  E.  Kirk  B.S.M.E.  '84,  to  Paul 
M.A.  Smith  on  Aug.  3.  Residence:  Cincinatti.  .  . 
Neil  G.  Becker  '85  to  Beth  S.  Lerman  on  June  26. 
Residence:  W.  Hartford,  Conn.  .   .   .  William  W. 
Horton  J.D.  '85  to  Judilyn  Brooks  on  Feb.  24,  1990. 
Residence:  Birmingham,  Ala.  .  .  .  Susan  Carol 
Long  '85  to  Kirk  Terrill  West  on  March  30.  Resi- 
dence: Wichita  Falls,  Texas.  .  .Mark Stephen 
Perry  '85  to  Lonaine  Ficken  on  July  27.  Residence: 
Ramsey,  N.J.  .  .  .  Katherine  M.  Benson  '86  to 
Michelangelo  Grigni  '86  on  June  1.  Residences: 
Princeton,  N.J.,  and  Vancouver,  British  Columbia.  .  . 
J.  Layne  Birdsong  'S6  to  M.  Claire  Lawton 
'87  on  March  9.  Residence:  Columbia,  S.C.  .  .  . 
Mark  Paul  Buranosky  '86  to  Julie  Ann 
Pease  '87.  Residence:  Indianapolis.  .  .  Debra 
Dee  Murray  B.S.E.  '86  to  Bret  Allen  Stewart  on 
May  25.  Residence:  Austin,  Texas.  .     Zev  Stuart 
Scherl  '86  to  Rachel  Lynn  Braun  '87  on  May 
27,  1990.  Residence:  Atherton  Calif.  .  .  .Robert 
Brian  Stef  anowiCZ  '86  to  Mary  Elizabeth  Mor- 
rissey  on  Jan.  6,  1990.  Residence:  Abington,  Pa.  .  .  . 
Catherine  "Ryn"  Wilson  '86  to  Peter  Chu  on 
June  1.  Residence:  Chapel  Hill.  .   .  Janine 
Louise  Wilson  '86  to  Kevin  G.  Smith  on  June  8. 
Residence:  Highspire,  Pa.  .  .  .  Rebecca  Ament 
'87,  J.D.  '90  to  Simon  Patrick  Can  on  May  19,  1990. 
Residence:  Brooklyn.  .  .  Cynthia  L.  Baker  '87 


to  Jonathan  M.  Zeitler  '87  on  June  22.  Resi- 
dence: Durham.  .  .  Rachel  Lynn  Braun  '87  t 
Zev  Stuart  Scherl  '86  on  May  27,  1990.  Resi- 
dence: Atherton,  Calif. . . .  Leslie  Chappelle 
Byrd  '87  to  Walter  T.  Koscielniak  '88  on 
June  29.  Residence:  Charlottesville,  Va.  .  .  . 
Marjorie  Ann  Kean  '87  to  Gerald  E.  Fradin  oi 
May  18.  .  .  Beth  Sharon  Ma 
Raymond  Dahle  '87  on  April  13.  Residence: 
Greenwich,  Conn.  .  .  .  Mark  Trevor  Mishkind 
'87  to  Kimberly  Elizabeth  Hannon  '88  on 
May  19.  Residence:  Charlotte,  N.C.  .  .  .Mark 
Noonan  '87  to  Katherine  A.  Feffer  '89  on 
July  21.  Residence:  Washington,  DC.  .  .  .Cynthia 
D.  Phillips  '87  to  Brian  D.  Ragsdale  on  July  5.  Resi- 
dence: Tulsa,  Okla.  .  .  .  Kathryn  Benenson 
'88  to  Jonathan  A.  Marcus  on  Feb.  16,  1991.  Resi- 
dence: New  York  City.  .  .  James  F.  Carosella 
'88  to  Sandra  L.  Blank  on  July  1 2.  Residence:  St. 
Joseph,  Mo.  .  .  .  David  Demore  '88  to  Jo-D. 
Ann  Patterson  '88  on  July  6.  Residence:  Mahopac, 
N.Y.  .  .  .  Tracey  Ann  Fisher  '88  to  Thomas 
Reimann  on  May  11.  Residence:  Jacksonville,  Fla.  .  .  . 
Susan  GuritZ  M.H.A.  '88  to  Paul  Grier  on  May 
18.  Residence:  Greenville,  S.C.  ... 
Ann  Jones  '88  to  Christopher 
McDermott  '88  on  July  14.  Residence:  Chapel 
Hill.  .    Aida  Madeline  Lebbos  88  to  Ronald 
Lee  Aquila  on  Nov.  25,  1989.  Residence:  Baltimore.  .  . 
Cheryl  Louise  McDaniel  '88  to  James  Duck- 
worth on  June  8.  Residence:  Somerville,  Mass.  .  .  . 
Lauren  Harvard  Salmon  '88  to  Mark  Varah  on 
Aug.  4.  .  .  M.  Paul  Whichard  '88  to  Anita  Creasy 
on  March  30.  Residence:  Mt.  Pleasant,  S.C.  .  .  . 
Suzanne  Marie  Carter  '89  to  Michael  Robert 
Grace  '89  on  Sept.  7.  Residence:  Chicago.  .  . 
Ann  Marie  Cowdrey  '89  to  William  Keeney 
Bixby  III  on  June  29.  Residence:  Dallas.  .  .Michelle 
Suzanne  DeVoir  '89  to  Mark  Appleby  on  Sept. 
22,  1990.  Residence:  Manchester,  Conn.  .  .  .Laura 
Ann  Graham  '89  to  Robert  A.  Hirschfeld 
B.S.E.  '91.  .  .  Laurie  Ann  Jankowski '89  to 
Alexander  G.  Biehn  '90.  Residence:  Chicago.  .  . 
Richard  S.  Schweiker  Jr.  '89  to  Mary  M. 
Taylor  '90  on  July  27.  Residence:  Lynchburg,  Va. 

BIRTHS:  First  child  and  son  to  Lynn  Creamer 
'80  and  Thomas  "Tim" 

Ph.D.  '90  on  June  17.  Named  John 
Creamer.  .  .  Third  child  and  second  daughter  to 

Mark  S.  Calvert  '80,  J.D.  '83  and  Rosemary 

Antonucci  Calvert  '81,  A.M.  '83  on  March  9. 
Named  Emily  Ruth.  .  .  First  child  to  Douglas 
Taft  Davidoff  '80  and  Amy  Davidoff  on  Sept.  26. 
Named  Robert  William.  .  .  Second  child  and  first 
daughter  to  John  Herbert  Gieser  '80  and 
Anita  Gasser  Gieser  '80  on  April  2.  Named 
Caroline  Marie.  .  .  Second  daughter  to  Ann  Zim- 
merman Jessup  '80  and  Harley  Jessup  on  May 
31.  Named  Katherine  Esther.  .   .  Second  child  and 
first  son  to  Pamela  Pearman  Smith  '80,  M.Ed. 
'82,  Ph.D.  '86  and  David  Allen  Smith  '80  on 
April  23.  Named  Michael  David.  .  .  First  child  and 
daughter  to  Clare  Broka w  Speyer  '80  on  Aug. 
2.  Named  Elizabeth  Grace.  .  .  First  child  and  son  to 
Benjamin  Zeltner  '80  and  Nancy  Zeltner  on 
May  22,  1990.  Named  Eric  Oscar.  .  .  Daughter  to 
Thomas  E.  Cole  Jr.  '81  and  Abigail  Wahlig 
Cole  on  Aug.  12, 1990.  Named  Ellen  Anne  Wahlig.  .  . 
Second  daughter  to  Jack  Clifton  Fields  Jr. 
'81  and  Anne  Kearns  Fields  '82  on  April  28. 
Named  Sara  Virginia.  .  .  First  child  and  son  to 
William  Georges  '81  and  Liza  Pi  lie  Georges  on 
June  7.  Named  Alexander  Theodore. .  .  Second  child 
and  first  son  to  James  Gerard  Grant  '81  and 
Laurie  Polhemus  Grant  '81.  Named  James 
Maxfield. . .  First  child  and  daughter  to  Susan  Gold 
Kahn  '81  and  Bobby  Kahn  on  April  17.  Named 
Rebecca  Jean. . .  First  child  and  daughter  to  Thomas 
J.  Maroon  Jr.  '81,  M.D.  '85  and  Pamela  Maroon 
on  May  6.  Named  Georgianne  Linn. .  .  First  child 


and  son  to  Bartholomew  McDade  '81  and 
Martha  Monserrate  McDade  SI  on  June  1. 
Named  Conor  Patrick.  .  .  Daughter  to  Joseph 
Maurice  Meir  '81,  M.B.A.  '84  in  January  1991. 
Named  Marissa.  .  .  First  child  and  daughter  to 
Marilyn  Kurey  Schroeter  '81  and  Thomas 
Anthony  Schroeter  B.S.E.  '82,  M.D.  '86  on 
May  10.  Named  Lauren  Alexandra.  .  .  First  child  to 
Edmund  F.  Tompkins  SI  and  Judith 
Howard  Tompkins  78  on  Feb.  22, 1991.  Named 
Amanda  Claire.  .  .  Second  child  and  first  son  to 
Mart  McManaway  Tucker  SI  and  Donald 
Hugh  Tucker  Jr.  '81  on  April  18.  Named  Donald 
Hugh  111. . .  Daughter  to  William  P.  Wright  '81 
and  Jennifer  P.  Wright  on  June  2 1 .  Named  Caroline 
Ann. . .  First  child  and  son  to  Susan  MacNellis 
Boland  B.S.N.  '82  and  Robert  Boland  on  Aug.  12. 
Named  Richard  David.  .   .  First  child  and  daughter  to 
Lisa  Gallenher  Claiborne  '82  and  William 
Robertson  Claiborne  on  June  20.  Named  Marian 
Taylor.  .  .  First  daughter  and  child  to  Krista  Hall 
Reynolds  '82  and  David  L.  Reynolds  79  on 
June  21.  Named  Mason  English.  .  .  Second  child  to 
Madeline  Krupenie  D'Alessio  '82  and  Steve 
D'Alessio  on  April  30.  Named  Anna  Elizabeth.  .  . 
Second  child  and  first  son  to  Charles  Dyches 
Lutes  BSE   82  and  Jill  Riggs  Lutes  '85  on 
Nov.  1,1990.  Named  Andrew  Charles.  .  .Son  to 
Andrew  McElwaine  '82  and  Barbara  McElwaine 
on  July  21.  Named  Robert  John.  .  .  First  child  and 
son  to  Catherine  McKeithan  Higgins  '82 
and  David  J.  Higgins  on  June  20.  Named  Derrick 
Franklin.  .  .  Daughter  to  Lani  Schweiker 
Shelton  '82  and  William  Nelson  Shelton  on  Sept. 
26,  1990.  Named  Jessica  Claire.  .  .  Second  child  and 
first  daughter  to  Stephanie  Eaton  Niemchak 

'83  and  Mark  Niemchak  on  July  18.  Named  Elizabeth 
Ann.  .  .  Second  child  and  first  son  to  Patti  Gore- 
lick  Goldberger  '83  and  Michael  Goldberger  on 
March  29.  Named  Joseph  Solomon.  .  .  First  child 
and  son  to  Frederick  K.  Park  'S3  and  Melanie 
Marshall-Park  '84  on  April  10.  Named  Craig 
Edward.   .  .  Second  child  and  first  son  to  Susan 
Corazza  Thibodeau  '83  and  Timothy  M.  Thi- 
bodeau  on  Oct.  1,  1990.  Named  Matthew  August.  .  . 
Second  child  and  first  son  to  David  L.  Heyman 
'S3  and  Ellen  Sussna-Heyman  on  May  28.  Named 
Benjamin  Philip.  .  .  A  daughter  to  Jean  Donath 
Franke'83  and  Robert  E.  Franke  'S3  on  July 
29.  Named  Emilie  Donath.   .   .  First  child  and  son  to 
Paula  Litner  Friedman  'S3  and  Howard  Fried- 
man on  April  19.  Named  Daniel  Scott.  .  .First child 
and  son  to  Cheryl  Braunohler  Smith  B.S.E.E. 
'83  and  Miles  Smith  Jr.  on  May  18.  Named  Miles 
III.  .  .  Daughter  to  Lawrence  Calvin  Trotter 
'83  and  Sandra  Martin  Trotter  on  July  5.  Named 
Natalia  Catherine.   .  .  A  son  to  Elizabeth  Hov- 
anec  Donworth  '84  and  Patrick  J.  Donworth  III 
on  Aug.  30,  1990.  Named  Patrick  J.  IV.  .  .  First  child 
and  son  to  Paul  C.  Lohrey  '84  and  Tamara  D. 
Lohrey  on  Aug.  4.  Named  Trevor  Daniel.   .  .  First 
child  and  daughter  to  Mark  Eldridge  Ander- 
son '85  and  Mary  Flanagan  Anderson  '87  on 
Feb.  16.  Named  Matgaret  Elizabeth.  .   .Son  to  V. 
Stuart  Couch  '87  and  Kim  Wilder  Couch  on  Aug. 
9.  Named  Stuart  Wilder.  .  .  First  child  and  son  to 

amilton  Frank  '85  and  Jane  Reny 
'85  on  March  30.  Named  William.  .  .First 
child  and  son  to  Karen  Jones  Fiascone  '85 
and  Matthew  Fiascone  on  May  14.  Named  Austin  Mat- 
thew. .  .  A  daughter  to  Walter  James  Hodges 
Jr.  '85  and  Karen  Hodges  on  April  12.  Named 
Nicola  Christine.  .  .  Third  child  and  second  son  to 
Thomas  Franklin  Blackwell  J.D.  '86,  A.M. 
'86  and  Lisa  Blackwell  on  April  24.  Named  Ezekiel 
Noah.  .  .  First  child  and  son  to  Nancy  Purse 
Winston  '86  and  Richard  Winston  on  July  14. 
Named  Richard  Blake.  .  .  First  child  and  daughter  to 
Robert  Brian  Stefanowicz  '86  and  Mary  Eliz- 
abeth Stefanowicz  on  April  7.  Named  Kelly  Ann.  .   . 
First  child  and  daughtf 


Haynes  M.H.A.  '87  on  May  2.  Named  Kathryn 
Elizabeth.  .  .  Aida  Lebbos  D'Aquila  '88  and 

Ron  D'Aquila  on  Aug.  21,  1990.  Named  Virginia 
Brandice.  .  .  First  child  and  daughter  to  Lynn  Levy 
Jahncke  'S8  and  Robert  Jahncke  on  May  24.  Named 
Caroline  Elizabeth.  .  .  Daughter  to  Kevin  A. 
Welch  '88  and  Karen  D.  Welch  on  Aug.  5.  Named 
Kelly  Marie.   .  .  First  child  and  son  to  Michael 
Armstrong  Jr.  M.D.  '89  and  Ellen  Armstrong  on 
May  17.  .  .  First  child  and  son  to  M.  Ann  Wells 
Dorminy  '89  and  John  H.  Dorminy  IV  '91  on 
April  8.  Named  John  Wilson.  .  .  Second  child  and 
first  daughter  to  James  Lawrence  Ruane  111 
M.B.A.  '89  and  Nancy  Zeigler  Ruane  77  on 
June  4.  Named  Virginia  Isabelle. 


90s 


Evelyn  Davidheiser  Ph.D.  '90  received  a  certifi- 
cate or  achievement  in  June  for  her  participation  as  a 
Mondale  Fellow  at  the  Hubert  H.  Humphrey  Institute 
of  Public  Affairs  at  the  University  of  Mil 


Chris  T.  Pappas  III  '90,  a  second  lieutenant  in 
the  Marine  Corps,  graduated  from  the  Basic  School  ii 
Quantico,  Va.,  in  April  1991.  He  joined  the  Marine 
Corps  in  July  1990. 


I  '90  teaches  world  history  and  geogra- 
phy at  Sandetson  High  School  in  Raleigh,  N.C.  His 


fiTTI 


COLLEGE 


April  10-12, 1992 

R.  David  Thomas  Conference  Center 

Duke  University 


[Ts  and  Their  Readers: 
The  challenges  of  interpretation 


What  is  a  text?  How  do  we  read  one? 

How  "should"  we  read  one? 

Who  gives  a  text  its  authority? 

Which  is  most  important:  the  author's  intention 

in  writing  the  text,  the  environment  in  which  the  text  was 

written,  or  the  reader's  response  to  the  text? 

These  are  only  some  of  the  questions  to  be  explored 

in  this  Alumni  College  weekend,  which  will  involve  you  in 

hands-on  interpretations  of  such  well-known  texts  as 

the  Bible, 

.  and  even 


i§ 


the  Constitution, 
n  the  human  body! 


Please  join  us  for  what  promises  to  be  a  stimulating  intellectual  experience! 

For  information,  contact: 

Deborah  Weiss  Fowlkes  78,  Director 
Alumni  Continuing  Education   614  Chapel  Drive   Durham,  NC  27706 

(919)684-5114        (800)  FOR-DUKE 


wife,  Kathy  Wood  '90,  is  a  first-year  law  student  at 
Duke.  They  live  in  Durham. 

Marsha  L.  Bowden  M.B.A.  '91  is  product  devel- 
opment manager  for  technical  pulp  sales  for  the  Geor- 
gia-Pacific Corp.'s  pulp  and  bleached  board  division. 

Joy  Yu  Chen  '91  is  teaching  eighth  grade  in  Mon- 
terrey, Calif.,  in  a  two-year  assignment  with  Teach- 
For-America.  She  lives  in  Alhambra,  Calif. 


Dorminy  '91  is  a  first-year  law  stu- 
dent at  Emory  University.  He  and  his  wife,  Ann 
Wells  Dorminy  '89,  and  their  son  live  in  Snell- 
ville,  Ga. 

Sutton  Hamilton  '91  is  a  Teacher  Corps  volun- 
teer in  Mississippi. 

Mark  McLaughlin  '91  completed  an  internship 
with  the  Greensboro  News  &  Record  and  is  a 
sportswriter  with  the  Times  News  in  Burlington,  N.C. 

M.  David  Messinger  '91  is  a  computer  graphics/ 
production  artist  at  AT.  Kearney  Inc.,  in  Washing- 
ton, D.C. 

MARRIAGES:  Alexander  G.  Biehn  '90  to 
Laurie  Ann  Jankowski  '89.  Residence: 
Chicago.  .  .V.  ReneeKirby '90  to  Michael  W. 
Rheiner  on  Aug.  14,  1990.  Residence:  Laramie, 
Wyo.  .  .  .  Mary  M.  Taylor '90  to  Richard  S. 
Schweiker  Jr.  '89  on  July  27.  Residence:  Lynch- 
burg, Va.  .  .  .  Katherine  A.  Wood  90  to  Mark 
Schill  '90  on  Aug.  3.  Residence:  Durham.  .  . 
Robert  A.  Hirschfeld  '91  to  Laura  Ann 
Graham  '89.  .  .  Jennifer  G.  Walker  '91  to 
Michael  Charles  McAneny  Jr.  on  June  15.  Residence: 
Newport,  R.I. 

BIRTHS:  First  child  and  son  to  Thomas  "Tim" 
Borstelmann  Ph.D.  '90  and  Lynn  Creamer 

Borstelmann  '80  on  June  17.  Named  John 
Creamer. 


DEATHS 


Etoile  Young  Andrews  '17  of  Durham,  on  July 
22.  She  taught  school  until  her  retirement  in  1963, 
and  was  a  member  of  Durham's  Watts  Street  Baptist 
Church. 

Julia  Parker  Tenney  '20  of  Morehead  City, 

N.C,  on  Sept.  10  of  congestive  heart  failure.  She  is 
survived  by  a  daughter  and  two  granddaughters. 

T.  Alvin  "Al"  Wheeler  '25  of  Durham,  on  Aug.  8. 
He  operated  T.  A.  Wheeler  Realty  Co.  and  was  a  di- 
rector and  appraisal  consultant  for  Security  Federal 
Savings  and  Loan  Association.  He  was  a  former  deacon 
and  trustee  of  Watts  Street  Baptist  Church.  He  is  sur- 
vived by  his  wife,  Ruth;  a  son,  T.  A.  Wheeler  Jr. 
'57,  A.M.  '72;  a  daughter;  a  brother;  five  grandchil- 
dren; and  a  great-granddaughter. 

Mary  Umstead  Kellam  77  of  Nokomis,  Fla., 
on  July  2.  She  is  survived  by  her  husband,  William 
Porter  Kellam  '26,  a  daughter,  four  grandchil- 
dren, and  a  great  grandson. 

Margaret  Lyon  Upchurch  '29  of  Durham, 
N.C,  on  March  4. 

Florence  McDonald  Lee  '30ofLillington, 
N.C,  on  April  29.  She  taught  in  the  Hamett  County 
Schools  for  nearly  three  decades.  The  widow  of 
Milton  Owen  Lee  '31,  she  is  survived  by  a 
nephew,  Arthur  A.  McDonald  Jr.  '42,  L  '50. 

Paul  E.  Price  '30  of  Winston-Salem,  N.C,  on 
Nov.  14, 1990. 

Fred  Harris  Shinn  '30,  B.D.  '37  of  Albemarle, 
N.C,  on  July  12.  A  retired  member  of  the  Western 


North  Carolina  Conference,  he  was  elected  pastor 
emeritus  of  Green  Memorial  Church  last  May.  He  is 
survived  by  his  wife,  Autie,  a  son,  a  granddaughter, 
and  two  sisters. 

Troy  V.  McKinney  '3 1  of  Shelby,  N.C,  on  April 
20,  following  heart  surgery.  He  was  Cleveland  County 
auditor  and  worked  in  financial  management  in  state 
government  in  Raleigh  agencies  of  employment  secu- 
rity, budget  bureau,  department  of  public  instruction, 
and  state  employee  retirement.  He  is  survived  by  his 
wife,  Ethel,  a  son,  and  a  sister,  Mildred  McKin- 
ney Gee  '34. 

Paul  R.  Massengill  '31,  M.D.  '43  of  Greenwood, 
S.C.,  on  May  26.  Following  his  World  War  II  service, 
he  practiced  ophthalmology  in  Greenwood  until  his 
1986  retirement.  He  was  a  longtime  member  and 
onetime  board  chairman  of  Main  Street  United 
Methodist  Church.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Lila 
Wells  Massengill  N  '41;  four  children,  including 
R.  Kemp  Massengill  '63;  and  a  brother. 


G.  Morehead  A.M.  '31  of  Raleigh,  of  a 
heart  attack  on  March  7.  He  retired  from  N.C.  State 
University  in  1974  as  professor  of  counseling  and 
guidance  and  student  personnel  services  and  contin- 
ued work  as  a  practicing  psychologist.  He  was  presi- 
dent of  the  North  Carolina,  Southern  region,  and 
national  associations  for  counselor  supervision  and 
received  the  Outstanding  Leadership  Award  for 
Development  of  the  Guidance  Profession  from  the 
N.C.  Personnel  and  Guidance  Association.  He  is 
survived  by  his  wife,  Jean;  two  sons,  including  Allan 

J.  Morehead  M.B.A.  '87;  and  a  sister,  Sara 
Frances  Morehead  Kamp  A.M.  '31. 

Joseph  M.  Croson  '32  of  New  Smyrna  Beach, 
Fla.,  on  March  16.  He  was  a  president  of  First  Federal 
Savings  and  Loan  and  founder  of  the  Citrus  Open 
golf  tournament,  which  has  evolved  into  the  Nestle 
Invitational.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Virginia,  a 
son,  a  daughter,  two  grandchildren,  and  a  great- 
granddaughter. 

Charles  Claiborne  Hurst  '33  of  Columbia, 
S.C.,  on  Dec.  20, 1990.  He  was  affiliated  with  Shell 
Oil  from  his  graduation  until  his  retirement.  He  is 
survived  by  his  wife,  Ann;  a  daughter,  Ledare 
Hurst  Robinson  '52;  four  grandsons;  and  a  great 
grandson. 

Louis  H.  Asbury  '35  of  Charlotte,  N.C,  on 
March  29.  He  was  an  architect.  He  is  survived  by  his 
wife,  Helen,  a  son,  a  daughter,  and  three  grandsons. 

Robert  Taylor  '35  of  San  Antonio,  Texas,  on 
March  27. 

E.  David  Dodd  Jr.  '36  of  Monroe,  N.C,  on  Jan.  17, 
1991.  He  founded  Carolina  Termite  and  Pest  Control 
in  Monroe  and  was  a  past  president  of  the  N.C.  Pest 
Control  Association.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Mar- 
ian, a  son,  a  daughter,  and  seven  grandchildren. 


Meiklejohn  B.S.C.E.  '36  of  Westfield, 
N.J.,  on  May  20  of  pulmonary  fibrosis.  A  World  War 
II  veteran,  he  was  deputy  director  of  the  Army  Engi- 
neers Corps'  Northeastern  water  supply  project.  He 
retired  in  1978.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Jeanne,  a 
son,  three  daughters,  and  six  grandchildren. 

Cyrus  L.  Gray  Jr.  M.D.  '37  of  High  Point,  N.C. 
A  lifelong  member  of  First  United  Methodist  Church, 
he  established  the  radiology  department  at  High 
Point  Memorial  Hospital  in  1944  and  was  a  radiolo- 
gist there  until  he  retired  in  1984.  He  is  survived  by 
three  daughters,  a  son,  and  nine  grandchildren. 


Watts  A.M.  '38  of  Asheboro,  N.C,  on 
May  30.  She  chaired  the  Randolph  County  Commit- 
tee for  America's  400th  Anniversary,  and  was  a  Sun- 
day School  teacher  and  circle  leader  at  First  Baptist 
Church  of  Burlington.  She  is  survived  by  her  hus- 
band, William,  two  sons,  and  five  grandchildren. 


Robert  Olmsted  McCloud  '41  of  Naples,  Fla., 
on  June  10.  He  was  an  account  executive  with  McCann 
Erickson  before  his  1986  retirement.  He  is  survived  by 
his  wife,  Suzanne  Everly  McCloud  '40;  a  son, 
Robert  O.  McCloud  Jr.  '74;  three  daughters,  a 
brother,  a  sister,  and  ten  grandchildren. 

William  E.  Miller  Jr.  '41  of  Birmingham,  Ala., 
on  April  6. 


P.  Quillian  '41  of  Bradenton,  Fla.,  on 
April  14,  of  congestive  heart  failure.  He  was  chief  of 
staff  at  Manatee  Memorial  Hospital  and  president  of 
the  Manatee  Medical  Society.  He  is  survived  by  his 
wife,  Anne,  a  son,  three  daughters,  a  brother,  and  five 
grandchildren. 

Ellen  Bryant  Vason  '41  of  Mt.  Dora,  Fla.,  on 

May  25,  of  lung  cancer. 


Allen  '43  of  Maplewood,  N.J.,  on  June  8, 
of  a  brain  aneurysm.  He  was  president  of  the  Maple- 
wood  Bank  and  Trust  Co.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Elizabeth,  a  daughter,  and  six  grandchildren. 

Clarence  Eugene  Kefauver  '43  of  Shepherds- 
town,  W.Va.,  on  March  26.  He  was  an  accountant, 
chairman  of  the  board  of  Columbia  First  Savings, 
Washington,  and  a  member  of  the  board  of  directors 
of  Peoples  Bank  of  Charles  Town.  While  at  Duke,  he 
was  a  member  of  Phi  Beta  Kappa  and  of  Pi  Kappa 
Alpha  fraternity.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Dorothy, 
a  daughter,  a  son,  and  three  grandchildren. 

Emory  Henry  Home  Jr.  '44  of  Bristol,  Tenn., 
on  Feb.  19  of  a  heart  attack.  A  Marine  veteran  of 
World  War  II,  he  was  a  member  of  American  Legion 
Hacklerwood  Post  No.  145.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Evelyn,  a  son,  and  a  sister. 

Marjorie  B.  Luxem  R.N.  '44  of  Wheaton,  111., 

on  March  27,  of  lung  cancer.  She  was  a  nursing  super- 
visor at  Central  DuPage  Hospital  in  Winfield.  She 
was  a  volunteer  for  Hospice  of  DuPage,  a  member  of 
the  Joliet  Council  of  Catholic  Nurses,  a  Eucharist 
minister  for  St.  Michael  Catholic  Church,  a  member 
of  Morton  Arboretum,  and  a  first  lieutenant  in  the 
Army  Nurse  Corp.  during  World  War  II.  She  is  sur- 
vived by  a  daughter,  a  son,  a  brother,  a  sister,  two 
grandchildren,  and  a  great-grandchild. 

George  H.  Massey  M.D.  '44  of  Quincy,  Fla.  A 
veteran  of  the  Army  Medical  Corps,  he  practiced 
medicine  in  Quincy  until  his  1984  retirement.  He  is 
survived  by  his  wife,  May,  three  sons,  a  daughter,  a 
brother,  and  six  grandchildren. 

Irvin  C.  Reigner  M.F.  '48  of  Bensalem,  Pa.,  on 
Aug.  16. 

John  Demetrios  Xanthos  LL.B.  '48  of 
Burlington,  N.C,  on  June  8,  of  a  stroke.  A  past  presi- 
dent of  the  Alamance  County  Bar  Association,  he 
had  been  an  attorney  in  Burlington  since  graduation. 
He  was  a  longtime  member  and  past  chairman  of  the 
board  of  the  First  Reformed  Church  of  Christ.  He  is 
survived  by  his  wife,  Leona,  three  children,  four  sib- 
lings, and  six' grandchildren. 

Charles  E.  Rawlings  Jr.  '49  of  Atlanta,  on 
Dec.  7,  1990.  A  regional  controller  of  Atlanta  Dairies, 
he  had  become  a  C.P.A.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Joyce;  a  son,  Charles  E.  Rawlings  III  M.D.  '82; 
and  a  daughter,  Nancy  J.  Rawlings  '85. 

Phyllis  W.  McKee  B.S.N.  '50  on  May  12  in  Spar- 
tanburg, S.C.  She  was  a  registered  nurse  at  Holly  Hill 
Psychiatric  Hospital  in  Raleigh.  She  is  survived  by 
two  daughters,  a  sister,  and  a  grandchild. 

Ralph  Miller  M.Div.  '50  of  Morganton,  N.C,  on 
July  24.  A  retired  chaplain  of  the  West  Carolina  Cen- 
ter, he  served  in  numerous  appointments  as  a  long- 
time member  of  the  Western  North  Carolina  Confer- 
ence. He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 


'  A.M.  '48;  two  sons;  three  daugh- 
ters; and  five  grandchildren. 

Edmund  G.  Ramsaur  Jr.  '51,  A.M.  '53  of 
Newark,  Del.,  on  April  5,  1990,  of  a  heart  attack.  He 
is  survived  by  a  son  and  a  daughter. 

John  Alfred  Barlow  Ph.D.  '52  of  Brooklyn,  N.Y., 
on  Aug.  2.  He  was  a  World  War  II  Army  Air  Corps 
veteran  and  a  Fulhright  lecturer  in  Thailand  in  the 
mid-60s.  A  member  of  the  American  Friends  Service 
Committee,  he  was  the  author  of  Stimulus,  Response, 
and  Contiguity,  published  in  1965.  He  is  survived  by 
his  wife,  Dulcie,  three  sons,  and  a  grandson. 

Benjamin  E.  Britt  M.D.  '55  of  Raleigh,  N.C.,  on 
July  13.  A  veteran  of  the  Army  Medical  Corps,  he  was 
director  of  forensic  psychiatry  at  the  N.C.  Department 
of  Mental  Health  for  many  years  before  opening  a 
private  psychiatric  practice  in  Raleigh.  He  was  a  Life 
Fellow  of  the  American  Psychiatric  Association.  He  is 
survived  by  his  wife,  Joy  Wood  Britt  '54;  a  daugh- 
ter; a  son;  two  brothers;  and  a  sister. 

John  Edward  Allgood  M.Ed.  '57  of  Durham,  on 
April  18.  He  was  a  World  War  II  Army  veteran  and  a 
member  of  Trinity  United  Methodist  Church.  He  is 
survived  by  three  sistets  and  a  brother. 

Roy  David  Schmickel  M.D.  '61  in  Stone  Moun- 
tain, Ga.,  on  April  25,  following  a  traumatic  brain 
injury.  A  leading  geneticist,  he  was  a  professor  and 
chairman  of  human  genetics  at  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania's  medical  school.  He  is  survived  by  his 

wife,  Lota  Leigh  Brian  Schmickel  '59;  two 

daughters;  two  sons;  his  parents;  two  sisters;  and  a 
granddaughter. . 

Lillian  Carr  Wright  '62  of  Alexandria,  Va.,  on 
June  20,  of  cancer.  She  is  survived  by  her  husband, 
John,  and  a  son,  James  "Whit"  Wright  '95. 

Donald  B.  Webber  A.M.  '63  of  Greensboro, 
N.C,  on  July  1.  He  is  survived  by  two  children, 
including  Robert  S.  Webber  '62. 


R.  Peake  III  '65  of  Midlothian,  Va.,  on 
Nov.  23,  1990.  He  was  a  Realtor.  He  is  survived  by  his 
wife,  Bev;  two  sons;  a  daughter;  his  mother;  his  father, 
James  R.  Peake  Jr.  '32;  and  his  sister,  Pris 
Peake  Buckler  '69. 

Bishop  Goodson 

W.  Kenneth  Goodson  D.'37,  Hon.  '60,  retired 
bishop  of  the  United  Methodist  Church,  university 
trustee  emeritus  at  Duke,  and  the  first  clergyman  to 
become  a  member  of  The  Duke  Endowment's  board  of 
trustees,  died  on  September  1 7  in  Winston-Salem, 
North  Carolina.  He  was  78. 

Goodson,  a  native  of  Salisbury,  North  Carolina, 
graduated  from  Catawba  College  and  Duke's  Divinity 
School.  He  had  served  for  twenty-seven  years  as  a 
parish  minister  in  the  Western  North  Carolina  Con- 
ference of  the  United  Methodist  Church  before  being 
elected  to  the  episcopacy  in  1964-  He  also  served  as 
president  of  the  Council  of  Bishops  of  the  United 
Methodist  Church  and  was  the  first  president  of  the 
General  Commission  on  Religion  and  Race. 

In  1978  he  was  named  to  The  Duke  Endowment 
board  of  trustees.  After  retiring  in  1980,  he  became 
bishop-in-residence  at  the  Duke  Divinity  School  and 
a  member  of  Duke  University's  board  of  trustees.  In 
1989  he  became  one  of  a  small  group  of  people  to 
receive  the  prestigious  University  Medal  for  Distin- 
guished Metitotious  Service  at  Duke. 

He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Martha;  three  children, 
including  Ann  G.  Faust  '61;  and  four  grandchil- 
dren, including  W.K.  Goodson  III  '95. 


CLASSIFIEDS 


RESORTS/TRAVEL 


ARROWHEAD  INN,  Durham's  country  bed  and 
breakfast.  Restored  1775  plantation  on  four  rural 
acres.  Written  up  in  USA  Today ,  Food  &  Wine  Mid- 
Atlantic.  106  Mason  Rd.,  27712.  (919)  477-8430. 

ST.  JOHN:  Two  bedtooms,  two  baths,  full  kitchen, 
cable  TV,  pool.  Covered  deck  with  spectacular  view 
of  Caribbean.  Quiet  elegance.  Off-season  rates.  (508) 
668-2078. 

FLORIDA  KEYS,  BIG  PINE  KEY:  Fantastic  open 
water  view,  Key  Deer  Refuge,  National  Bird  Sanctu- 
ary, stilt  house,  3/2,  screened  porches,  fully  furnished, 
stained  glass  windows,  swimming,  diving,  fishing,  boat 
basin.  Non-smokers.  (305)  665-3832. 


THE  OLD  NORTH  DURHAM  INN,  an  intimate 
bed  and  breakfast  less  than  a  mile  from  Duke,  offering 
turn-of-the-century  charm,  comfortable  lodging,  and 
hearty  breakfasts.  922  N.  Mangum  St.,  27701.  (919) 
683-1885. 

PORTHCAWL,  WALES:  Fully  furnished  modern 
two-bedroom,  first-floor  flat,  one  block  to  sea,  small 
town.  Available  immediately  until  April  1992,  then 
available  from  July  1992  on.  Long-term  rental. 
Approximately  $650/month  plus  utilities.  James  B. 
Nicholas  '73,  813  Glenburn  Rd.,  Clarks  Summit,  PA 
18411.(717)586-0374. 

BRITISH  VIRGIN  ISLANDS:  New  luxury  water- 
front house  on  Little  Mountain,  Beef  Island  for  vaca- 
tion rental.  Three  bedrooms,  two  baths,  pool  and 
spectacular  views;  sleeps  six.  Beautiful  beach  for  great 
swimming  and  snorkeling.  John  E.  Krampf '69,  812 
W.  Sedgwick  St.,  Philadelphia,  PA  19119.  (215)  438- 
4430  (home)  or  (215)  963-5501  (office). 


FOR  RENT 


ANGUILLA,  BRITISH  WEST  INDIES:  Three- 
bedroom,  three-bathroom  villa  overlooking  Shoal 
Bay  beach.  Great  beaches,  snorkeling,  restaurants 
nearby.  $18O-$3O0/day.  Molly  Goodnow  '58,  (603) 
352-7568. 

VAIL,  COLORADO:  Luxurious  four-level  town- 
home,  four  bedrooms,  three  baths,  sunroom,  two  sun- 
decks,  beautiful  views,  fireplace,  full  kitchen,  laundry, 
free  bus.  Sleeps  eight.  ( 303)  333-3369. 


BELIZE,  AMBERGRIS  CAYE:  Three  bedrooms  and 
three  baths,  pool,  fully  furnished  residence  with  spec- 
tacular view  of  Caribbean.  Quiet  elegance.  Diving 
and  fishing.  (615)  373-3551  after  7  p.m. 

SOUTHWEST  FLORIDA:  Barrier  Island  Hideway. 
For  brochure,  rates,  availability,  call  (203)  345-8483. 


FOR  SALE 


QUALITY  U.S.  &  FOREIGN  FLAGS 
Special  Flags  &  Banners  made  to  order 
Aluminum  &.  Fiberglas  Flagpoles 
Marian  Zaren,  147  N.  Main  St. 
Yardley,  PA  19067  (215)  493-2134 

Duke  Commemorative  Plates,  1937  Limited  Edition, 
signed,  numbered,  rose  centers  portraying  campus 
landmarks.  Ten  plates,  $1900  or  $200  per  plate.  Betty, 
3941  Cranbrook  Dr.,  Indianapolis,  IN  46240.  (317) 
849-6188. 


MISCELLANEOUS 


TEACHERS/ADMINISTRATORS:  We  provide 
placement  in  independent  schools  nationwide  for 
Fall  1992,  all  subject  areas.  The  Education  Group, 
5952  Royal  Lane,  Suite  203,  Dallas,  TX  75230.  (800) 
369-9102. 


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Duke  history   through  the  pages  of  the 
Alumni  Register 


THE  ROSE  BOWL 
GOES  TO  WAR 


The  transplanted  Rose  Bowl  game, 
moved  across  the  continent  as  one 
of  the   first  effects  ^ 

on  the  world  of  sports  of  | 
the  Pearl  Harbor  attack  % 
and  the  new  war,  is  now  a  t 
matter  of  athletic  re-  | 
cord — but  what  a  record  2 
it  is  and  what  memories  it  = 
will  arouse  in  Duke  alum-  Z 
ni  for  all  time! 

It  will  never  be  forgot- 
ten by  those  who  had  a 
part  in  preparing  for  the 
first  away-from-Pasadena 
performance  of  the  na- 
tion's premier  gridiron 
classic,  and  not  by  the 
56,000  fans  who  took 
every  available  seat  in  the 
Duke  stadium  to  see  the 
thrill-packed,  see-saw 
struggle  finally  go  to 
Oregon  State's  Beavers  by 
a  20  to  16  score. 

December  alternately 
carried  the  Blue  Devils 
and  their  followers  from  the  heights  of  joy 
to  the  depths  of  gloom,  as  Coach  Wade 
and  his  cohorts  first  received  the  Tourna- 
ment of  Roses  football  game  bid  and  then, 
a  week  later,  heard  the  announcement 
from  California  that  the  war  emergency 
would  prohibit  the  staging  of  the  tra- 
ditional game.  Similar  gloom  prevailed  at 
Oregon  State,  but  not  for  long.  Coach 
Wade  and  William  H.  Wannamaker, 
Duke's  dean  and  faculty  chairman  of  ath- 
letics, .  .  .  instituted  triangular  negotia- 
tions by  telephone  and  telegraph  to 
Pasadena  and  Corvallis,  Oregon,  inviting 
the  Beavers  to  play  at  Duke  under  Rose 
Bowl  sponsorship,  making  it  an  official 
tournament  game.  .  .  . 

The  timely  Duke  invitation  was  accepted 
and  immediately  there  began  two  weeks  of 
record-breaking  activity:  Thousands  of  extra 
bleacher  seats  were  installed;  an  avalanche 

32 


of  ticket  orders  was  received  and  filled  till 
the  sell-out  point  was  reached;  .  .  .  and 
plans  were  made  for  the  entertainment  of 
the  visitors  from  the  Pacific  Coast.  All 
Durham,  led  by  the  Chamber  of  Com- 
merce, the  Durham  newspapers  and  radio 
broadcasting  station,  civic  organizations, 
and  other  groups  and  individuals  joined 
wholeheartedly  in  the  Herculean  task.  .  .  . 


Chaves,  Oregon  State  captain,  was  given  a 
certificate  by  Mayor  Carr  designating  him 
acting  mayor  of  the  city  for  a  day. 

Afterwards,  the  entire  Oregon  party, 
along  with  various  newspaper  and  radio 
men,  were  the  guests  of  Duke  University  at 
a  breakfast  at  the  Washington  Duke 
Hotel,  with  Dean  Wannamaker  presiding. 
Then  the  Oregon  party  left  by  bus  for 
Chapel  Hill,  where  they  made  headquar- 
ters at  the  Carolina  Inn  and  held  practices 
on  the  University  of  North 
Carolina  athletic  fields.  .  . 
during  their  stay  there  from 
Christmas  Eve  through 
New  Year's  Day.  .  .  . 


A  SOUTHERN 
CHRISTMAS 


Anxious  bench:  concerns  of  victory,  over  here  and  over  there 


ENTERTAINING 
OREGONIANS 

regon  State's  football  team  and 
the  accompanying  party  arrived 
in  Durham  on  the  morning  of 
December  24-  A  committee  of  Durham 
representatives  had  met  the  Oregonians  in 
Greensboro  and  accompanied  them  [on 
the  train]  to  Durham,  where  a  throng  of 
several  thousand  and  the  Durham  High 
School  band  greeted  them  at  Union  Sta- 
tion. At  a  specially  constructed  stand  at 
the  station,  the  official  greeting  ceremony 
was  broadcast  by  two  networks  to  a  national 
audience.  Coach  Lon  Stiner  of  Oregon  and 
Coach  Wallace  Wade  of  Duke  took  part  in 
this  program,  along  with  Mayor  W.F.  Carr 
and    other    citizens    of   Durham.    Martin 


One  of  the  features 
of  the  entertain- 
ment program  for 
.  the  visitors  was  the  Christ- 
mas Night  party  held  at 
the  West  Campus  Union. 
It  was  on  this  occasion 
that  the  Oregonians  got  a 
close-up  of  Southern  hos- 
pitality in  action. 

Far  from  their  own  fire- 
sides   on    Christmas    Day, 


Meet  the  press:  Coach  Wade  takes  to  the  airwaves 

they  were  guests  at  an  old-fashioned 
Southern  dinner  and  Christmas  tree  party 
and  were  weighted  down  with  gifts  from 
numerous  North  Carolina  firms  and  individ- 
uals: cigarettes  and  smoking  tobacco  from 


the  North  Carolina  tobacco  companies,  R.J. 
Reynolds,  Liggett  and  Myers,  and  Ameri- 
can; flour  from  the  Austin-Heaton  Mills; 
pillowcases  from  Erwin  Mills;  hosiery  from 
the  Golden  Belt  and  the  Durham  hosiery 
mills;  shorts  from  the  P.H.  Hanes  Knitting 
Mills;  .  .  .  mahogany  walking  sticks  espe- 
cially made  for  the  occasion  by  the  Thomas- 
ville  Chair  Company;  and  suspenders  by 
the  Madison  Suspender  Company.  .  .  . 


Early  Devilirium:  stepping  up  the  f>ef> 


COUNTDOWN  TO 
KICKOFF 


B 


y  this  time  local  excitement  over 
the  Rose  Bowl  game  was  reaching  a 
crescendo — more  newspaper  writ- 
ers and  radio  men  were  arriving  by  every 
train,  the  athletic  office  became  a  beehive 
of  activity  [before].  .  .  the  opening  of  the 
gates  on  the  morning  of  the  game,  the  in- 
evitable scramble  for  hotel  accommoda- 
tions ensued — reflecting  the  coast-to-coast 
attention  which  the  famed  Rose  Bowl  clas- 
sic always  commands.  Both  teams  were 
down  to  serious  practice  and  the  sports 
pages  of  hundreds  of  newspapers  were  ban- 
ner-lining every  move  and  statement  com- 
ing out  of  the  two  grid  camps. 

The  last  hours  before  the  game  were 
taken  up  with  putting  the  stadium  facili- 
ties in  final  shape  for  the  kickoff.  Two 
hundred  sportswriters  were  to  be  accom- 
modated in  the  press  boxes,  scores  of  pho- 
tographers and  movie  cameramen  to  be 
provided  for,  and  details  to  be  completed 


Mini-bowl:  Duke  Stadium's  record  .1(1. 000  spectators 


for  the  great  NBC  broadcast  by  Bill  Stern 
to  millions  of  New  Year's  listeners. 

Everyone  had  hoped  for  mild,  dry 
weather,  but  something  else  was  provided, 
so  the  huge  Rose  Bowl  throng,  undaunted, 
had  to  take  its  gridiron  classic  with  a  dash 
of  moisture  and  with  a  mercury  reading 
that  made  car  robes  quite  as  useful  as  were 
rain  capes.  .  .  . 


HONOR  WITHOUT 
VICTORY 


It  was  a  battling  band  of  Blue  Devils — 
one  of  the  greatest  products  of  the 
coaching  genius  of  Wallace  Wade — 
that  went  down  to  defeat,  completely  un- 
abashed and  with  nothing  to  be  ashamed 
of.  Time  and  again  they  came  close  to  the 
precious  points  that  might  have  changed 
the  story — passes  that  skimmed  off  finger 
tips,  runners  that  were  tripped  up  when  the 
way  seemed  open  to  the  Promised  Land. 

And  Don  Durdan,  the  Oregon  State  star, 
had  to  share  his  honors  with  the  magnifi- 
cent Steve  Lach,  Duke's  All-America  half- 
back, who  joins  Ace  Parker,  Eric  Tipton, 
and  George  McAfee  as  one  of  the  Blue 
Devil  backfield  immortals.  .  .  . 

Hospitality  toward  the  visitors,  the  Ore- 
gon party  and  newspaper  folk,  continued 
late  in  the  evening  after  the  game.  The 
two  teams  had  dinner  together  in  the  fash- 
ion of  "winners  without  a  boast  and  losers 
without  an  alibi."  Among  the  numerous 
post-game  affairs  were  the  reception  given 
by  President  and  Mrs.  Flowers  at  their 
home  on  the  campus,  the  dance  at  the 
City  Armory,  and  the  "Open  House"  at 
Four  Acres,  the  University  House.  .  .  . 

Finally,  their  cross-country  tour  for  them 
a  complete  success,  the  Oregonians  left 
Durham  at  12:40  a.m.,  January  2.  Again,  a 
Rose  Bowl  championship  was  to  stay  on 
the  Pacific  Coast. — January  1942 


Best  of  time: 


of  times:  even  North  Carolina's  Governor  Bronghion  and  family  weathered  the  eler 


3UKE  FORUM 


Duke  Magazine  reserves  the  right  to  edit 
letters  for  length  and  clarity.  Please  limit 
letters  to  no  more  than  300  words. 


LOOKING, 
LACKING 


Editors: 

"Learning  to  Look  Inward:  The  Search 
For  Meaning"  in  the  August-September 
issue  was  a  powerful  and  thought-provok- 
ing article.  I  applaud  Professor  Naylor  and 
Dean  Willimon  for  creating  the  course  and 
Daniel  Manatt  for  so  clearly  capturing  its 
essence. 

I  also  applaud  students  who  took  the 
course  for  their  courage  and  determina- 
tion. As  a  current  participant  in  a  failing 
marriage,  a  therapy  group,  a  support  group, 
and  a  mid-life  crisis,  I  wonder  what  differ- 


ent paths  I  might  have  traveled  had  I  had 
the  courage,  and  been  provided  the  guid- 
ance/challenge, to  look  into  myself  twenty 
years  ago.  Even  if  the  course  had  been 
offered  then,  I'm  quite  sure  that  I  would 
have  been  too  busy  studying  "real"  subjects 
to  have  bothered  to  study  the  subject  that 
is  ultimately  of  most  importance  to  me: 
myself.  And  so,  after  years  as  a  "human 
doing,"  only  now  am  I  learning  to  become 
a  "human  being."  I  wish  those  students 
success  in  their  struggles. 

And  I  hope  that  the  seed  planted  by 
Naylor  and  Willimon  flowers  into  a  garden 
to  rival  Duke  Gardens. 

Pete  Steele  '72 
Kennesaw,  Georgia 

Editors: 

Certainly  the  responsibilities  of  dean  of 
the  chapel  do  not  include  the  bullying  of 
young  students  over  their  wishes  to  drop 


out  of  a  class  that  they  find  philosophically 
offensive — even  if  it  is  the  dean's  own  class! 
For  Willimon  to  travel  to  that  student's 
dorm,  and  there  to  use  his  position  of 
authority  as  administrator  and  as  teacher 
along  with  his  considerable  seniority  to 
pronounce  a  judgment  on  the  lad's  mas- 
culinity, is  immature  and  appalling. 

Furthermore,  chapel  deans  who  still  think 
that  testosterone  determines  religious  and 
intellectual  clarity  need  to  be  sharply  re- 
minded that,  to  date,  "male  anatomy"  has 
not  done  much  to  improve  the  world,  if  it 
is  capable  of  such,  nor  apparently  the  job 
of  dean  of  the  chapel.  It  is  this  muddled 
thinking  that  drives  women  from  the 
"organ-ized"  church. 

Tsk,  tsk!  I  remember  back  to  the  more  (fem- 
inine?) nurturing  times  with  Dr.  Cleland. 

Nancy  Boyer  Feindt  '48 
Toledo,  Ohio 


Summer  of  '92  at  Duke 

Blend  the  traditional  fun  of  a  summer  camp  with  the 
intellectual  stimulation  of  a  specialized  learning  program! 


Duke  Young  Writers'  Camp 

(All  students  entering  grades  6-12) 
Session  I:  June  15-26 
Session  II:  July  6-17 
Session  III:  July  20-31 
Residential  and  Day  Campers 

Now  in  its  tenth  year,  Duke  Young  Writers'  Camp  offers  a  rich  variety  of  courses  in 
creative  and  expository  writing.  The  curriculum  focuses  on  the  creative  and  ana- 
lytical aspects  of  writing,  and  is  designed  for  students  who  have  average  or  above- 
average  academic  abilities  and  enthusiasm  for  writing.  The  camp,  which  attracts 
talented  young  people  from  across  the  country  and  abroad,  offers  high  quality 
instruction  with  small  class  sizes,  a  supportive  environment,  and  the  opportunity  for 
all  young  writers  to  develop  confidence  in  their  writing.  Recent  courses  include 
Developing  Characters  in  Fiction,  Argumentative  Writing,  Film  Reviewing,  Poetry 
and  Community,  and  Playwriting.  Residential  campers  live  in  West  Campus  dorm- 
itories and  participate  in  organized  evening  and  weekend  recreational  activities. 


fet  m 


Duke  Action: 

A  Science  Camp  for  Young  Women 

(Young  women  entering  grades  6—8) 
One  Session:  July  5-19 
Residential  and  Day  Campers 


A  unique  summer  enrichment  program,  Duke  Action  is  designed  for  young  women 
who  have  enthusiasm  about  learning  science  through  hands-on  educational  acti- 
vities and  average  to  above-average  academic  abilities.  The  program  enhances 
campers'  basic  science  skills,  develops  understanding  and  appreciation  of  environ- 
mental issues,  increases  confidence  about  learning  science,  promotes  interactions 
with  professional  women  in  science,  and  encourages  connections  with  other  areas  of 
study  and  day-to-day  life.  Campers  investigate  living  creatures  and  their  environments 
in  the  Duke  Forest,  the  Duke  Primate  Center,  and  other  Duke  and  Durham  sites.  The 
session  ends  with  a  three-day  trip  to  coastal  North  Carolina  to  explore  life  in  marine 
environments  and  make  comparisons  of  ocean  and  forest  habitats. 


Registration  begins  in  January.  *  Spaces  in  both  programs  fill  quickly.  *  Call  now  for  information:  684-6259. 


ADDITIONAL  INFORMATION  REQUEST: 

Parent's  Name Child's  Name  . 

City 


1992  Grade  in  School . 


Please  send  me  information  on: Duke  Young  Writers'  Camp 

Return  to:  Summer  and  Residential  Programs,  Office  of  ( 


ke  Action:  A  Science  Camp  for  Young  Women 

;  Education,  Duke  University,  Durham,  NC  27708 


1 


RAPPERS  AND 
PHILOSOPHERS 


Editors: 

If  nothing  else,  "Duke's  Vision"  and  the 
"PC"  debate  have  shown  that  at  least  a  few 
Duke  people  are  disinterested  in  dialogue. 
No  matter  who  raises  the  question  and  in 
what  way,  the  answer  is  always  the  same: 
The  English  department  is  doing  no  more 
than  adding  American  literature  to  the 
curriculum  (as  if  promoting  the  liberal 
agenda  is  an  equivalent).  There  has  been 
no  change  in  the  number  of  students  in 
the  traditional  English  curriculum,  "Duke's 
Vision"  has  been  misunderstood,  and 
admissions  applications  are  higher  than  at 
peer  institutions. 

Whether  the  reaction  comes  from  the 
English  department,  the  president,  or  an 
alumni  spokesperson,  the  words  are  the 
same.  A  novel,  at  least,  could  be  written 
about  this  kind  of  communication. 

In  commercial  institutions,  the  ultimate 
test  of  product  value  is  consumer  reaction, 
but  in  education,  at  any  level,  this  is  hardly 
a  criterion  for  value.  It  is  inconceivable 
that  the  Duke  faculty  believes  that  if  ad- 
missions applications  are  up,  the  curricu- 
lum is  affirmed. 

Thanks  for  the  frequent  features  on 
English  department  activities.  This  helps 
in  trying  to  understand  an  arrogance 
which  is  totally  foreign  to  the  Duke  I 
knew.  From  the  article  on  Gone  Primitive 
[August-September],  Marianna  Torgovnick 
comes  across  at  best  as  a  kind  of  social  sci- 
ence critic.  She  seems  to  be  single-handedly 
searching  for  a  great  truth  and  ignoring  the 
value  of  disciplined  thought.  Perhaps  it  is 
the  lack  of  discipline  that  makes  the  depart- 
ment identify  so  easily  with  the  rappers. 

Joseph  B.  Harris  Ph.D.  '59 
Stevens  Point,  Wisconsin 

Essays  by  Torgovnick,  mentioned  above,  and 
the  English  department's  Jane  Tompkins  were 
among  twenty-two  works  selected  to  appear  in 
the  volume  The  Best  American  Essays  1991. 


SEEING  AND 
IDENTIFYING 


Editors: 

Regarding  the  picture  on  page  34  of  the 
October-November  issue  ["Retrospectives"], 
I  believe  the  girl  in  the  picture  is  Mary 
Louise  Merritt  Whitlock  '45,  my  cousin. 
She  died  tragically  in  an  automobile  acci- 
dent in  Utah  in  1962. 

Her  being  at  Duke  had  a  lot  to  do  with 


my  going  to  Duke  as  a  transfer  in  1947  and 
graduating  in  1948.  She  had  brains,  beauty, 
and  a  lot  of  charm — what  a  combination! 

Nancy  Harris  Roberts  '48 
Greensboro,  North  Carolina 


Joe  College  meets  Betty  Coed,  1942:  Dick  Nelson  and 
Mary  Louise  Merritt 


Editors: 

What  a  surprise  when  I  turned  to  page 
34  of  the  October-November  issue  and 
recognized  the  photo  right  away.  In  fact, 
another  alumnus  had  called  me  the  day 
before,  when  he  received  his  issue,  and 
broke  the  news. 

On  March  24,  1942,  the  photo  appeared 
in  the  Duke  Chronicle.  John  Carr  [B.S.E.E. 
'43],  another  engineer,  was  photographer 
for  the  paper  that  year.  He  needed  a  picture 
to  promote  the  first  annual  Joe  College 
Day  and  Dance.  It  was  held  the  following 
Saturday. 

The  wheelbarrow  race  was  held  between 
East  and  West  campuses  in  relay  style  for 
any  group,  and  many  fraternities  and  clubs, 
including  the  engineers,  entered.  I  am  not 
sure  how  many  started  and  how  few  fin- 
ished. But  on  that  sunny  Carolina  after- 
noon, spectators  lined  the  roadway  giving 
support  to  their  favorite.  The  dance  was 
informal — as  you  can  see  with  the  white 
"bucks." 

The  photo  had  the  title  "Karnival  Ka- 
pers,"  and  the  caption  line  read:  "Betty 
Coed  met  Joe  College  yesterday  afternoon 
and  got  a  lift  out  of  the  proceedings  as 
Southgate  sophomore  Dick  Nelson  and 
Giles  freshman  Mary  Louise  Merritt  started 
practicing  for  Saturday  afternoon's  'tween- 
campus  Wheelbarrow  Race." 

Glad  to  clear  up  the  question — but  even 


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gladder  to  relive  those  good  old  days.  I  enjoy 
my  issue  of  the  magazine  each  time,  and 
appreciate  the  good  job  you  are  doing. 

Richard  E.  Nelson  B.S.E.E.  '43 
Niles,  Michigan 


READING, 
REVIEWING 


Editors: 

Over  the  years,  Duke  Magazine  has 
helped  keep  me  in  touch  with  what's  going 
on  at  Duke  University.  I've  always  appre- 
ciated the  good  production  quality  and 
fine  graphics  of  the  magazine.  However,  a 
few  more  issues  like  your  August-Septem- 
ber 1991  issue  and  it  won't  make  the  cut 
anymore. 

Let  me  tell  you  what  I  expect  from  a 
magazine  such  as  this.  I  expect  the  articles 
to  keep  me  in  touch  with  what  is  happen- 
ing at  Duke  and  be  of  direct  significance  to 
the  university. 

What  I  don't  read  Duke  Magazine  for  is 
to  get  additional  coverage  of  the  war  in 
the  Gulf.  There  has  been  overkill  regard- 
ing the  war  and  the  aftermath  in  Iraq  and 
Kuwait.  It's  all  interesting,  but  I  don't  think 


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Duke 


Duke  Magazine  is  the  correct  forum  for  this 
type  of  information.  Simply  because  the 
story  is  written  by  a  recent  graduate  of  Duke 
who  spent  time  in  the  war  zone  does  not 
seem  to  me  reason  enough  to  print  such  a 
story.  I  read  it,  and  I  didn't  find  one  piece 
of  information  that  I  hadn't  read  several 
times  in  other  publications.  I  didn't  find  a 
new  slant  or  a  special  editorial  hook. 

On  another  quite  different  front,  I  find 
the  story  "Making  an  Absolut  Impact"  to 
be  a  piece  of  trash,  not  worthy  of  inclusion 
in  your  magazine.  Again,  this  is  a  story 
about  a  recent  Duke  graduate.  Very  nice. 
And  I  feel  good  that  Page  Murray  got  a  job 
in  the  advertising  business,  since  being  in 
that  business  myself,  I  realize  how  difficult 
it  is  for  someone  to  break  into.  But  the 
story  simply  isn't  well  written.  Some  facts 
are  incorrect.  Others  are  incorrectly  inter- 
preted. TBWA  is  as  "monolithic"  as  any  of 
the  other  big  agencies,  and  they  are  in  the 
top  2  percent  in  billings  worldwide  and 
certainly  not  a  small  agency — bigger  than 
tens  of  thousands  of  other  agencies.  To 
someone  who's  in  the  business,  that  state- 
ment alone  is  downright  laughable. 

The  article  also  represents  both  TBWA 
and  Page  Murray  as  taking  pride  in  the  fact 
that  the  ads  they  produced  are  "terribly 
expensive."  No  one  should  take  pride  in 
"unlimited  budgets."  Those  campaigns  are 
easy.  It's  the  ones  that  stretch  dollars  that 
are  difficult  and  more  noteworthy. 

I'm  really  not  sure  why  such  an  article 
appears  in  your  publication.  It  doesn't  give 
me  a  better  feel  for  Duke.  And,  if  it  was 
meant  to  salute  a  recent  graduate,  I'm  not 
sure  it  does  a  very  good  job  of  that.  I  guess 
I  was  looking  for  more  than  that. 

Alex  Trent  '73 
Cranbury,  New  Jersey 


GRATEFUL  TO 
GRIFFITHS 

Editors: 

It  has  taken  me  some  time  to  sit  and 
write  this  letter  but  I  do  think  my  son 
Reginaldo  "Reggie"  Ricardo  Howard,  now 
deceased,  would  want  me  to  do  this. 

This  letter  is  about  a  devoted  and  per- 
sonable dean,  Bill  Griffith.  It  started  back 
in  1974  during  my  son's  visit  to  Duke  in 
his  senior  year  of  high  school. 

He  came  for  orientation  along  with 
hundreds  of  other  students  from  all  of  the 
United  States  and  abroad.  Of  all  the  stu- 
dents present,  Dean  Griffith  chose  to  have 
our  son,  Reggie,  stay  at  his  and  Carol's 
home.  Needless  to  say,  this  not  only  im- 
pressed us  but  told  us  something  about  the 


university  and  the  people  who  work  there. 

However,  Dean  Griffith  had  something 
special.  His  smile,  personality,  and  attitude 
were  contagious.  His  words  of  advice 
seemed  to  ring  in  the  ears  of  our  son;  his 
philosophy  of  life  and  his  challenges  were 
ever  so  real  and  not  easy.  Help  was  just  a 
phone  call  away.  Our  son  was  so  impressed 
at  this  first  meeting  that  there  was  no 
doubt  in  his  mind  that  Duke  was  the  uni- 
versity for  him. 

Dean  Griffith,  a  man  who  was  always 
there  for  him,  was  there  for  my  family  also 
in  our  darkest  days.  He  called  several  times 
to  see  how  we  were  doing  and  to  see  what 
he  could  do  for  the  Howard  family,  repre- 
senting Duke  and  himself. 

Much  has  been  said  about  Dean  Griffith, 
but  words  are  inadequate  to  describe  this 
beautiful  human  being.  Maybe  a  movie  of  his 
life  at  Duke  might  also  be  a  fitting  tribute. 

God  bless  you,  Dean  Griffith.  We  love 
you. 

Eldeka  E.  Howard 
Columbia,  South  Carolina 


ALL  EARS  OPEN 
AND  INTACT 


Editors: 

I  read  with  interest  and  some  amuse- 
ment George  Johnson's  letter  in  the  Octo- 
ber-November issue  of  Duke  Magazine  in 
which  he  congratulated  editor  Robert  Bli- 
wise  for  having  the  courage  to  print  a  let- 
ter critical  of  me  and  suggest  that,  as  a 
result,  he  should  worry  that  I  shall  cut  off 
his  ears. 

The  advancement  of  knowledge  through 
the  free  exchange  of  ideas  is  what  a  great 
university  is  about.  One  of  the  reasons 
Duke  Magazine  is  a  first-rate  publication  is 
that,  in  addition  to  writing  about  the  ac- 
tivities and  contributions  to  society  of  Duke 
alumni,  it  accurately  reports  the  issues  of 
the  day  and  the  diversity  of  views  both  at 
the  campus  and  among  Duke  alumni. 

The  magazine  is,  in  short,  as  vibrant  and 
free  to  print  what  the  editor  chooses,  includ- 
ing criticism  of  this  president,  as  the  cam- 
pus is  robust  and  open  to  the  widely  differ- 
ing views  of  our  faculty,  staff,  and  students. 
So  editor  Bliwise  need  not  worry  about  his 
ears  and  alumni  need  not  worry  that  Duke 
or  I  remain  anything  less  than  committed 
to  providing  an  environment  conducive  to 
free  and  open  debate. 

H.  Keith  H.  Brodie,  M.D. 
President,  Duke  University 
Durham,  North  Carolina 


DUKE  DIRECTIONS 


A  famous  writer,  whose 
poetry  is  taught  in 
countless  high  school 
and  college  courses, 
embraced  the  pol- 
itics of  Italian  fas- 
cist premier  Benito 
Mussolini.  An  es- 
teemed U.S.  president  and  author  of  the 
Declaration  of  Independence  was  an  un- 
apologetic  slaveholder.  And  a  quantum 
physicist  whose  theories  changed  the  way 
scientists  view  the  natural  world  looked 
the  other  way  while  the  Nazis  rose  to  power 
in  Germany. 

Do  these  details  about  the  personal  lives 
of  Ezra  Pound,  Thomas  Jefferson,  and 
Werner  Heisenberg  affect  their  public  con- 
tributions? When  is  it  important  or  even 
relevant  to  discuss  less-than-savory  aspects 
of  public  figures  when  their  body  of  work  is 
being  considered?  How  egregious  must  a 
celebrated  person's  actions  be  before  his  or 
her  professional  output  is  repudiated? 

"I  think,  in  principle — and  in  this  way 
I'm  a  little  old-fashioned — ideas  can  always 
be  separated  from  the  thinker,"  says  James 
Rolleston,  chairman  of  Duke's  Germanic 
literature  and  languages  department.  "The 
famous  example  is  [German  philosopher] 
Martin  Heidegger,  who  was  undoubtedly 
involved  with  the  Nazis.  What  he  did  was 
clearly  wrong  and  politically  unenlight- 
ened. But  he's  such  an  important  thinker 
and  he's  influenced  contemporary  thought 
so  much,  it  would  simply  be  absurd  to  ig- 
nore him." 

When  presenting  Heidegger's  work  to  a 
class  of  students  unfamiliar  with  his  back- 
ground, how  do  you  augment  his  written 
text?  Art  historian  Annabel  Wharton, 
who  teaches  Heidegger  to  both  graduate  and 
undergraduate  classes,  urges  her  students 
to  dig  beneath  the  surface  of  his  writing, 
an  activity  that  frames  discussions  of  aes- 
thetics in  quite  political  terms.  Sometimes, 
the  students  need  prodding. 

"Generally,  I  don't  find  that  students 
think  politically  about  their  reading.  They 


HIDDEN  AGENDAS 

BY  BRIDGET  BOOHER 


Questioning  thought 

has  always  been  part  of 

the  academy.  But  as 

scholars  move  away 

from  distinct  separations 

between  disciplines, 

an  idea's  origin  is  often 

as  provocative  as  the 

idea  itself. 


look  at  the  text  from  a  surface  level:  What 
it  says  is  what  it  means.  But  I  find  it  very 
interesting  to  see  what  is  not  said,  or  what 
direction  the  argument  takes,  and  how  that 
reveals  the  politics  of  the  author." 

Such  an  exercise,  Wharton  says,  is  as 
much  a  lesson  in  language  manipulation  as 
it  is  in  political  interpretation.  "It's  impor- 
tant for  students  to  identify  how  they  them- 
selves use  language.  Once  you  recognize 
that  there  are  times  when  you  say  some- 
thing to  get  something  else,  you  under- 
stand meaning  is  not  absolutely,  cohesively 
attached  to  intention.  And  that  under- 
standing helps  you  to  see  [the  agenda]  in 
other  people's  writings." 

In  a  humorous  poem  "Words  to  the 
Wise,"  published  in  The  New  York  Times 
Book  Review,  former  Duke  professor  of  En- 
glish Henry  Louis  Gates  Jr.  pokes  fun  at  the 
relatively  harmless  personal  peccadillos  of 


literary  icons — Emily  Dickinson's  aversion 
to  fun,  Keats'  hubris,  Hawthorne's  gloom — 
and  cautions  that  their  works  could  threaten 
the  well-being  of  young  readers. 

Exposing  such  character  "flaws"  as  these 
is  a  droll  way  of  humanizing  larger-than- 
life  legends.  But  at  what  point  do  a  per- 
son's shortcomings  become  morally  offen- 
sive or  simply  corrupt?  History  professor 
Warren  Lerner  says  questioning  the  ten- 
sion between  accomplishment  and  morality 
is  a  challenging  but  constructive  undertak- 
ing. "I  think  that  we  too  easily  set  up  people 
as  gods  or  heroes,  and  we  tend  to  close  our 
eyes  to  anything  those  people  might  do 
which  would  interrupt  that  ideal.  We  pre- 
tend it  isn't  so  or  blame  the  messenger 
who  brings  the  bad  news.  So  the  question 
is:  Should  a  person  obviously  gifted  in  his 
discipline  be  expected  to  be  more  moral 
than  others?" 

Poet  Ezra  Pound  epitomizes  the  idea  of  a 
respected  but  fallible  thinker.  An  incisive 
social  critic,  Pound  was  also  an  unabashed 
admirer  of  Mussolini,  writing  radio  speeches 
for  the  dictator  and  even  comparing  him 
to  Thomas  Jefferson.  Indicted  by  the  United 
States  for  treason,  Pound  spent  time  in  pris- 
on before  being  declared  unfit  to  stand 
trial.  The  charges  against  him  were  subse- 
quently dismissed. 

"When  you  teach  Ezra  Pound  now,  the 
issue  of  his  collaboration  with  Mussolini 
becomes  important,"  says  Michael  Moses, 
assistant  professor  of  English.  "You  ask  your- 
self what  that  means  when  you're  reading 
his  poetry.  What  is  the  relationship  be- 
tween, say,  The  Cantos,  and  Pound's  fas- 
cism? And  I  think  it  means  we  evaluate 
literature  a  little  differently — in  fact,  quite 
a  bit  differently.  We're  not  solely  concerned 
with  issues  of  formal  excellence.  That 
doesn't  mean  those  issues  are  irrelevant  or 
that  they  couldn't  or  shouldn't  be  asked, 
only  that  they  are  asked  in  addition  to 
other  questions." 

Authorship  and  political  intent  tangle, 
sometimes  hopelessly,  in  literature  and  phi- 
losophy. Separating  the  creative  work  from 


37 


the  creator  in  the  fine  arts,  on  the  other 
hand,  doesn't  initially  appear  problematic. 
An  abstract  painting  or  rousing  musical 
score  can  be  appreciated  on  an  entirely 
emotional  level  without  knowing  much 
about  the  artist's  private  life.  But  such  an 
appreciation  is  essentially  incomplete. 

When  a  work  has  obvious  political  over- 
tones, however,  such  as  Leni  Riefenstahl's 
Nazi-commissioned  documentary  Triumph  of 
the  Will,  analysis  of  film  technique  or  camera 
angle  fades  in  importance  to  actual  con- 
tent. And  yet,  despite  its  chilling  glorifica- 
tion of  Nazism,  the  work  endures,  a  testa- 
ment to  Riefenstahl's  skillful  control  of  the 
medium. 

"In  certain  ways  that  is  an  incredibly 
powerful  and  expertly  made  film,"  says 
the  English  department's  Michael  Moses. 
"It's  also  propaganda.  So  what's  the  con- 
nection between  the  formal  appeal  of  the 
film,  the  quality  of  its  editing,  its  cinema- 
tography, its  use  of  sound  and  music,  and 
its  politics?  These  are  real  and  actively 
debated  questions." 

Associate  professor  of  history  Claudia 
Koonz,  whose  scholarship  focuses  on  Nazi 
Germany  and  the  Holocaust,  says  that  she 
thinks  Riefenstahl  has  essentially  been  "for- 
given" for  her  role  as  a  Nazi  collaborator  in 


Just  as  Nietzsche's 

writings  were 

appropriated  by  the 

Nazis  for  their  own  ends, 

the  ripple  effect  of  a 

scientific  discovery  goes 

in  unpredictable 

directions. 


part  because  of  the  method  she  used. 
"Riefenstahl  could  say,  'I  divorced  my  art 
from  my  thoughts.'  There's  no  paper  trail 
for  her,  and  she  had  no  administrative 
authority.  It's  hard  to  pin  down  the  politics 
of  an  image  or  a  sound.  Words  are  easier  to 
fit  into  right  and  wrong,  and  sometimes 
even  that  can  be  difficult." 

Such  dissociation  occurs  even  in  the 
fields  of  mathematics  and  science.  Equations 
and  formulas  are  either  true  or  false;  if  the 


HE  DARKER  SIDE  OF  BRILLIANCE 


While  admired  for 
their  literary  or 
social  contribu- 
tions, the  people  listed  here 
are  credited  with  some  dubi- 
ous distinctions  as  well.  Can 
you  match  the  great  thinker 
to  his  or  her  less-than-brilliant 
career  move? 


1)  Martin  Heidegger 

2)  Ezra  Pound 

3)  PaulDeMann 

4)  William  Butler  Yeats 

5)  Richard  Wagner 

6)  Leni  Riefenstahl 


a)  Poet  and  dramatist  who 
sympathized  with  Ireland's 
Fascist  Blue  Shirts  group 

b)  Accomplished  cinematog- 
rapher  whose  best-known 
work  glorified  Adolf  Hitler 

c)  Influential  German 
philosopher  who  maintained 
close  ties  to  the  Nazi  Party 

d)  Poet  and  author  who  wrote 
radio  speeches  for  Fascist 
leader  Benito  Mussolini 

e)  Central  contributor  to  the 
Deconstructionist  movement 
and  contributor  to  Nazi  col- 
laborationist publications 

f)  Nineteenth-century  com- 
poser who  wrote  numerous 
anti-Semitic  essays 


(q/9  -m  !E/t-  l3/e  wz  ;3/i  =s»avsuv) 





discipline's  pioneers  are  racist  or  anti- 
Semitic  or  sexist,  it  rarely  comes  to  bear  on 
the  dissemination  of  their  work.  At  least 
that's  conventional  thinking;  but  conven- 
tional thinking  about  science — like  science 
itself — has  been  overturned.  In  her  1980 
book  The  Death  of  Nature,  environmental 
historian  Carolyn  Merchant  took  a  critical 
look  at  the  Scientific  Revolution.  What 
she  found  was  that  the  new  science  sanc- 
tioned the  exploitation  of  nature — and  of 
women.  Francis  Bacon,  the  celebrated 
"father  of  modern  science,"  was  her  chief 
villain.  "Hierarchy  and  patriarchy,  which 
supported  social  inequality  in  actual  seven- 
teenth-century society.  .  .  formed  the  very 
foundation  of  his  ideal  [scientific]  state," 
wrote  Merchant.  Ideas  about  the  subordi- 
nation of  women  that  permeated  Bacon's 
society  "permeated  his  description  of  na- 
ture," according  to  Merchant,  "and  were 
instrumental  in  his  transformation  of  the 
earth.  .  .  into  a  source  of  secrets  to  be  ex- 
tracted for  economic  advance." 

"Unfortunately,  there's  a  big  split  be- 
tween ideas  and  individuals  in  the  teach- 
ing of  science,  which  I  think  is  a  shame," 
says  physics  professor  Richard  Palmer.  "We 
tend  to  keep  educational  and  intellectual 
life  separate.  I  think  it's  important  to  look 
at  the  background  and  social  context  of 
the  person  whose  ideas  you're  teaching." 

This  spring,  Palmer  is  teaching  a  course 
in  the  Master's  in  Liberal  Studies  program 
called  "Albert  Einstein  and  The  World  As 
He  Saw  It,"  which  looks  at  much  more 
than  just  the  theory  of  relativity.  The  class 
also  explores  Einstein's  views  on  politics, 
pacifism,  Zionism,  and  philosophy. 

For  art  historian  Annabel  Wharton, 
that  kind  of  analysis — which  takes  into 
account  the  prevailing  political  or  cultural 
ideology  at  the  scientific  moment — makes 
sense.  "Scientists  tend  to  think  that  what 
they  do  is  true  and  objective  while  what 
people  do  in  the  humanities  is  subjective," 
says  Wharton.  "But  even  though  science  is 
presented  as  ideology-free,  it  is  conditioned 
by  its  political  and  cultural  context." 

Scholars  of  science  Steven  Shapin  and 
Simon  Schaffer  made  much  the  same  point 
in  their  1985  book,  Leviathan  and  the  Air- 
Pump,  which  focused  on  English  science  in 
the  1660s.  Experimental  science  played  to 
the  interests  of  the  English  ruling  class,  ar- 
gued the  authors,  because  the  experimen- 
talists conceptualized  a  community  "where 
dispute  could  occur  safely  and  where  sub- 
versive errors  were  quickly  corrected." 

Just  as  Friedrich  Nietzsche's  writings 
were  appropriated  after  his  death  by  the 
Nazis  for  their  own  ends,  the  ripple  effect  of 
a  scientific  discovery  goes  in  unpredictable 
directions.  Take  Swedish  inventor  Alfred 
Nobel.  When  he  discovered  to  his  horror 
that   his    invention   of  dynamite    caused 


countless  deaths  and  was  used  extensively  in 
warfare,  he  issued  a  retroactive  apology  of 
sorts  by  endowing  the  Nohel  Prize  awards. 
One  could  argue  that  Nohel  should  have 
foreseen  where  his  work  would  lead.  Others 
say  that,  in  general,  you  can't  hold  some- 
one responsible  for  not  seeing  the  poten- 
tial outgrowth  of  his  or  her  research. 

"What  person  holds  Einstein  responsible 
for  nuclear  weapons?"  asks  associate  profes- 
sor of  political  science  Michael  Gillespie. 
"When  he  recognized  the  political  uses  to 
which  his  formulas  would  be  used,  he  lob- 
bied against  them.  Just  as  we  wouldn't  hold 
anyone  legally  responsible  for  not  seeing 
the  consequences  of  their  work,  how  can 
we  hold  them  morally  responsible?" 

Another  illustration  of  why  retrospective 
critiques  must  consider  the  prevailing  social 
context  is  nineteenth-century  German  com- 
poser Richard  Wagner.  In  addition  to  scor- 
ing musical  works,  Wagner  wrote  books  on 
the  role  of  Jews  in  history  and  how  they  dif- 
fered from  Aryans.  But  as  Germanic  studies' 
James  Rolleston  notes,  "In  the  nineteenth 
century,  which  was  a  time  of  great  Jewish 
assimilation,  it  was  something  you  talked  i 
about  in  a  much  more  abstract  political 
way.  So  yes,  Wagner  was  anti-Semitic,  but 
in  the  nineteenth-century  sense  of  the 
phrase,  not  in  the  Holocaust  sense  of  the 
phrase.  There  are  continuities  between  the 
two  concepts,  but  also  great  discontinuities." 

In  the  Fifties,  innuendo  linking  some- 
one to  Communism  was  enough  to  tarnish 
reputations  and  ruin  lives.  Over  time,  fear 
and  paranoia  about  the  Russians  dissipat- 
ed, particularly  once  the  Soviet  Union's 
Communist  Party  collapsed  and  economic 
and  social  turmoil  ensued.  Ties  to  Nazi 
Germany,  however,  continue  to  carry  a  far 
greater  stigma  regardless  of  the  degree  of 
involvement  a  person  had  with  the  move- 
ment. One  explanation  is  that  Hitler's 
dark  ambitions  were  clear  from  the  start. 
Even  if  it  were  impossible  to  predict  the  ex- 
tent of  the  systematic  genocide  he  would 
eventually  orchestrate,  intellectuals  (and 
others)  who  watched  him  rise  to  power 
needed  only  to  read  Mem  Kampf  to  glean 
the  evil  machinations  of  Hitler's  mind. 

When  weighing  judgments  about  apolo- 
gists for  Nazism — or  for  that  matter,  any  i 
dangerous  or  radical  dogma — it's  intriguing 
to  consider  recent  events  in  this  country,  j 
What  explains  the  popularity  of  someone 
like  former  Ku  Klux  Klan  leader  David 
Duke?  The  escalation  of  neo-Nazi  hate 
crimes?  The  appearance  of  a  paid  adver- 
tisement in  The  Chronicle  claiming  that 
"the  Holocaust  story  reads  more  like  the 
success  story  of  a  PR  campaign  than  any- 
thing else"? 

"In  the  twentieth  century,  the  clear  dis- 
tinction between  an  agreed-upon  set  of 
thoughts  and  an  outsiderist,  subversive  set 


Uth 
literature 
scieho 
philosophy 
restate 
oetry 
Shi 


of  thought  has  broken  down,"  says  James 
Rolleston.  "Now,  we  don't  have  a  very 
strongly  established  social  orthodoxy.  And 
it  is  when  the  orthodoxy's  insecure  that  the 
thoughts  that  have  been  on  the  margin  can 
move  to  the  center.  One  of  the  reasons  the 
Nazis  are  such  a  paradigm  of  danger  is  that 
they  were  extremely  marginal  throughout 
the  1920s.  They  were  ridiculed.  But  the 
fact  that  this  marginal  set  of  ideas  could 
move  to  the  center  of  power  and  take 
over,  and  forge  a  completely  new  ortho- 
doxy to  which  everyone  then  had  to  submit, 
makes  it  a  paradigm  for  something  that 
could  happen  in  any  society." 

Questioning  thought,  whether  past  or 
present  day,  has  always  been  part  of  the 
academy.  But  as  scholars  move  away  from 


distinct  separations  between  disciplines — 
literary  scholars  locating  texts  in  a  histori- 
cal or  political  framework,  for  example — 
an  idea's  origin  is  often  as  provocative  as 
the  idea  itself.  And  even  when  that  origin 
is  objectionable,  for  whatever  reason,  if 
the  idea  endures,  it  should  be  taught. 

For  Annabel  Wharton,  connecting  the 
subtle  thteads  that  run  through  an  author's 
work  is  what  makes  intellectual  inquiry 
rewarding.  "I'm  not  saying  what  we  need 
to  do  is  uncover  the  right-wing  politics  of 
the  people  we  study.  What  I'm  saying  is 
that  people's  politics,  whether  left  or  right, 
are  usually  encoded  in  their  work.  There's 
something  about  their  work  that  reveals 
their  politics  and  vice  versa.  And  it  enriches 
one's  understanding  to  see  those  codes."    ■ 

39 


the   clearest   accounts   they  can  possibly 
devise  of  their  years  of  work  and  labor." 

Roderick's  first  video  was  so  successful, 
garnering  the  firm's  biggest  sales  to  date, 
that  he  was  asked  to  follow  it  up  with  a 
more  advanced  lecture  series.  Roderick's 
"Nietzsche  and  the  Postmodern  Condi- 
tion" lecture  appears  in  the  second  series. 


Videology:  philosophy  professor  Roderick  brings  lectures  to  living  rooms 


FREE-RANGING 
RODERICK 

A  Duke  professor  has  transformed  an 
untold  number  of  living  rooms — 
from  those  of  filmmakers  George 
Lucas  and  John  Cleese  to  that  of  Utah  Sen- 
ator Orrin  Hatch —  into  lecture  halls.  The 
same  professor  receives  criticism  and  com- 
mentary on  his  lectures  from  blue-collar 
workers,  housewives,  and  prisoners. 

Through  Tom  Rollins'  Teaching  Com- 
pany, a  two-year-old,  Virginia-based  firm, 
Marshall  "Rick"  Roderick,  assistant  profes- 
sor of  philosophy,  has  brought  his  wry 
Texan  drawl  and  "free-ranging,  irritating, 
and  entertaining"  lecture  style  to  anyone 
who  can  play  an  audio  or  video  cassette. 
Roderick's  lecture,  "The  Philosophy  of 
Human  Values  from  Socrates  to  Sigmund 
Freud,"  was  videotaped  before  an  audience 
of  graduate  students,  lawyers,  and  politi- 
cians at  Georgetown  University  for  inclu- 
sion in  the  Teaching  Company's  first  fif- 


teen-lecture set,  "Super  Star  Teachers: 
Great  College  Course  Lectures  Recorded 
on  Audio  and  Video  Cassettes." 

Roderick  says  he  is  proud  to  be  among 
those  ushering  in  a  new  dimension  to  edu- 
cation. "There  is  a  gap  in  our  culture  be- 
cause rock  stars  are  well-known  and  well- 
rewarded,  as  are  politicians,  comedians, 
and  talk-show  hosts.  Everyone  knows  their 
names,  but  no  one  can  name  those  who 
are  best  at  teaching.  The  idea  was  to  find 
the  very  best  so,  of  course,  I  was  flattered." 

In  his  lecture,  Roderick  probes  such 
"deep  questions"  as,  "What  is  the  best  kind 
of  life  for  human  beings?"  In  response  to 
the  questions,  he  offers  "a  series  of  provi- 
sional, fallible,  possible  answers." 

The  newfound  opportunity  to  bring  these 
question-and-answer  offerings  to  a  wider 
public  forum  comes  to  Roderick  as  a  long 
overdue  natural  extension  of  his  teaching 
mission.  "I  don't  believe  that  what  we  do 
in  our  classrooms  is  so  special  and  esoteric 
that  we  should  feel  like  we  can't  share  it 
with  our  society,"  he  says.  "In  fact,  it's  the 
social  responsibility  of  intellectuals  to  share 


With  colleges  and  universities 
across  the  country  attempting 
to  deal  with  national  economic 
changes  that  are  leaving  them  with  in- 
creased costs  and  slower  growth  in  reve- 
nues, Duke  faces  its  tightest  budget  in  a 
decade,  says  provost  Thomas  Langford  '54, 
Ph.D.  '58. 

During  a  fall  meeting  of  the  Academic 
Council,  Duke's  faculty  senate,  Langford 
said  the  potential  deficit  mainly  reflects 
economic  factors  beyond  the  university's 
control.  He  estimated  the  shortfall  at 
about  $2  million  in  the  current  fiscal  year. 

"The  problems  are  systemic  from  public 
to  private  universities  everywhere,"  says 
Langford.  "They  are  not  just  related  to  the 
national  economy,  but  to  changes  in  gov- 
ernment funding,  overhead  cost  recovery, 
worker's  compensation  and  other  fringe 
benefits,  and  less  than  expected  increases 
in  fund  raising."  For  example,  he  noted 
that  the  insurance  industry  recently  asked 
for  an  unexpected  41-8  percent  increase  in 
worker's  compensation  premiums. 

The  long-term  financial  forecast  is 
brighter,  he  said,  because  effective  plan- 
ning and  budgetary  measures,  such  as  a 
new  budget  formula  for  the  university,  can 
help  Duke  adjust  to  tough  times.  But  he 
said  the  current  situation  requires  the  uni- 
versity to  choose  carefully  its  priorities  and 
to  harness  its  resources  to  allow  growth  in 
areas  of  priority. 

"We  are  in  somewhat  happier  circum- 
stances than  other  institutions,"  Langford 
says.  "Our  support  services  are  arranged  for 
our  primary  educational  goals.  Our  first 
task  is  to  become  increasingly  clear  about 
our  academic  priorities.  These  priorities 
must  become  the  driving  force  for  any  re- 
arrangements. The  deans  should  reempha- 


40 


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size  their  most  primary  goals  and  restruc- 
ture what  we  do  toward  achieving  those 
goals. 

"At  its  last  meeting,  the  board  of  trustees 
was  quite  clear  that  they  will  not  support 
increases  in  funding  programs  unless  we 
show  we  are  responsible  in  making  hard 
choices  in  our  resources." 


FIRESTORM  OVER 
HOLOCAUST  AD 


A  paid  advertisement  in  the  student 
Chronicle  denying  the  existence  of 
the  Holocaust  has  sparked  highly 
charged  campus  debate  on  such  issues  as 
First  Amendment  rights,  editorial  respon- 
sibility, and  the  veiled  promotion  of  anti- 
Semitic  sentiment  under  the  guise  of  his- 
torical revisionism. 

Written  by  businessman  Bradley  R.  Smith 
and  representing  the  views  of  a  California 
group  called  "The  Committee  For  Open 
Debate  on  the  Holocaust,"  the  ad  argued 
that  the  "facts"  of  the  Holocaust,  such  as 
Hitler's  policy  of  exterminating  Jewish 
people  and  the  use  of  gas  chambers  for  mass 
murder  in  German  concentration  camps, 
had  been  fabricated  by  "establishment  his- 
torians" attempting  to  rewrite  the  history 


of  Nazi  Germany  for 
political  gain.  Smith 
pointed  to  two  groups 
in  the  "conspiracy": 
self-promoting  Zionists 
and  campus  "Thought 
Police"  who  bully  their 
intellectual  opponents 
into  silence. 

The  ad  ran  in  con- 
junction with  a  col- 
umn by  Chronicle 
editor  Ann  Heim- 
berger  '92,  in  which 
she  defended  the 
paper's  decision  to 
run  the  ad  in  spite  of 
its    inevitably    offensive 


1 

\imT£P 
fSVSL 
WISH 


Stormy  weather:  hun- 
dreds gathered  on  the 
Chapel  steps  to  protest 
Chronicle's  t 
decision 


fr£ 


"The 


Chronicle  is  not  running  the  ad  because  it 
agrees  with  Holocaust  revisionism  nor 
because  it  wants  to  foster  open  debate  on 
the  subject,  but  because  each  individual  is 
guaranteed  the  right  to  free  speech  by  the 
Constitution  of  the  United  States." 

The  response  to  Smith's  ad  and  Heim- 
berger's  column  was  predictably  immediate 
and  passionate.  Jewish  and  non-Jewish 
groups  alike  condemned  the  ad  and  its 
publisher  for  dispensing  irresponsible  fabrica- 
tions that  resurrected  old  anti-Semitic 
claims  of  an  insidious  international  Jewish 
conspiracy.  In  addition  to  a  campus  vigil 
that  included  charged  speeches  from  facul- 


ty and  students,  a 
barrage  of  letters 
on  the  subject 
filled  The  Chroni- 
cle's pages. 

One  letter  from 
a  group  of  students 
faulted  the  paper's 
§  editorial  staff  for 
failing  to  see  where 
its  constitutional  high  road  would  lead. 
The  letter  said  that  disseminating  anti- 
Semitic  propaganda  as  "Holocaust  revi- 
sionism" could  not  be  justified  on  First 
Amendment  grounds.  That  would  be  the 
equivalent,  said  the  letter,  of  defending  an 
advertisement  "revising"  American  history 
by  denying  the  existence  of  slavery.  Politi- 
cal science  chair  Allan  Kornberg  dismissed 
the  First  Amendment  defense  categorical- 
ly: "The  First  Amendment  is  not  a  license 
to  print  lies." 

President  H.  Keith  H.  Brodie  responded 
to  the  conflict  with  a  statement  denounc- 
ing the  "lies"  but  defending  the  license.  He 
defended  the  right  of  a  student-run  inde- 


pendent  paper  like  The  Chronicle  to  act  upon 
its  own  discretion,  and  allowed  for  the  pro- 
priety of  its  decision  as  well.  "[T]o  have  sup- 
pressed these  outrageous  claims,  offensive 
as  they  were,"  said  Brodie,  "would  have 
violated  our  commitment  to  free  speech 
and  contradicted  Duke's  long  tradition  of 
supporting  First  Amendment  rights." 

Brodie  went  on  to  challenge  the  univer- 
sity to  engage  in  deeper  study  of  the  histor- 
ical facts  of  the  Holocaust.  The  history 
department  responded  to  Brodie's  chal- 
lenge with  a  unanimously  approved  state- 
ment, run  as  a  paid  Chronicle  ad.  The 
statement  denounced  the  claims  of  the 
"Holocaust  Revisionists"  as  the  willful  fab- 
rications of  non-historians:  "Nothing  in 
the  ad  except  the  layout  and  language  sug- 
gests that  these  false  assertions  deserve  the 
name  'scholarship.'"  While  agreeing  that 
"historical  revision"  is  a  constant  and 
ongoing  process,  the  history  department 
refuted  the  ad's  "case  for  open  debate": 
"There  is  no  debate  among  historians 
about  the  actuality  of  the  Holocaust."  For 
being  duped  by  those  who  would  pretend 
such  a  debate  exists,  the  history  depart- 
ment condemned  The  Chronicle  editors  for 
confusing  "Holocaust  deniers  with  histori- 
cal revisionists." 

In  a  follow-up  meeting,  The  Chronicle's 


board  found  itself  as  divided  over  the  deci- 
sion to  print  the  ad  as  the  campus  itself. 
While  the  editors'  choice  met  with  6-4-1 
approval,  the  controversy  sparked  a  re- 
evaluation  of  the  paper's  advertising  policy 
and  also  sparked  resignations.  Two  dissent- 
ing board  members,  third-year  law  student 
Steven  Marks  and  professor  of  English 
Marianna  Torgovnick,  resigned  in  the 
aftermath  of  the  decision. 


HONORS  AND 
DONORS 


The  Duke  Endowment  honored  Duke 
trustee  emerita  Mary  D.B.T.  Semans 
'39  and  her  husband,  James  M. 
Semans,  with  a  $5-million  grant  to  the  uni- 
versity in  October.  The  gift  will  endow  five 
separate  initiatives:  a  full  professorship  in 
music  composition  and  in  drama,  an  en- 
dowed chair  for  a  distinguished  interna- 
tional visiting  scholar  or  ambassador,  a  travel 
fund  for  international  exchange  of  faculty 
and  students,  and  a  permanent  endow- 
ment for  the  directorship  of  the  Duke  Art 
Museum. 

Semans,  who  has  chaired  The  Duke  En- 


ess  is  Beff 


Duke  University  Did 
and  Fitness  Center  for 
a  weight  loss  plan 
that  works. 
The  DFC  is  a  medically 
supervised , 


Behavioral  counselling, 
nutrition  education,  and 
exercise  programs  are 
personalized  tor  you. 
Stays  of  various  lengths 
are  available. 


thousands  of  lives. 
For  16  years,  we  hav 
been  helping  people 


healthier.  Learn  to  eat 


us  now  at  (919)684-6331 

Or  write  to  the 

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Duke  University  Diet  &  Fitness  Center 

It's  more  than  just  a  weight-loss  program. 

It's  a  healthful  way  of  lite! 


dowment  since  1982,  is  the  great-grand- 
daughter of  Trinity  College  benefactor 
Benjamin  N.  Duke,  son  of  Washington 
Duke  and  brother  of  Duke  University 
founder  James  Buchanan  Duke.  James 
Semans  is  emeritus  professor  of  urology  at 
Duke  Medical  Center. 

Emeritus  trustee  Milledge  A.  Hart  III  has 
donated  $1  million  to  Duke's  Institute  of 
Policy  Sciences  and  Public  Affairs.  His  gift 
will  fund  the  nation's  first  endowed  pro- 
gram in  leadership  at  a  major  university. 

Hart  has  been  a  member  of  the  institute's 
board  of  visitors  since  1981,  and  helped 
create  its  leadership  program.  Public  policy 
chair  Bruce  Kuniholm  says  the  leadership 
program  will  be  named  in  Hart's  honor,  as 
a  reflection  of  his  longtime  support. 

A  founder  and  one-time  president  of 
Electronic  Data  Systems  Corporation,  Hart 
retired  in  1977.  He  was  a  member  of  Duke's 
board  of  trustees  from  1983  to  1991. 


ACCUSING 
ADMISSIONS 


In  a  complaint  filed  with  the  U.S.  De- 
partment of  Education,  a  seventeen- 
year-old  Alabama  resident  has  charged 
Duke  with  denying  her  admission  because 
of  racially  biased  admissions  practices. 

Elizabeth  Elkins  of  Jacksonville,  Alabama, 
who  is  white,  maintains  that  her  applica- 
tion for  admission  to  Duke's  Class  of  1995 
was  refused,  and  that  a  black  high  school 
classmate  she  considers  less  qualified  than 
herself  was  admitted. 

Duke's  acting  director  of  undergraduate 
admissions,  Harold  Wingood,  told  newspa- 
pers that  had  carried  Elkins'  story,  "Duke 
University  does  not  use  a  quota  system  of 
any  kind  in  its  admissions  criteria  or  in  its 
admissions  judgments. 

"With  nearly  14,300  applications  for  some 
1,565  spaces  in  this  year's  entering  class, 
admissions  decisions  at  a  highly  selective 
university  such  as  Duke  are  based  on  a 
number  of  academic  criteria,  including 
grade-point  average,  class  rank,  and  perfor- 
mance on  standardized  tests." 

Duke's  applications  for  admission  out- 
number its  available  spaces  by  nearly  five 
to  one,  Wingood  says,  so  a  high  degree  of 
selectivity  is  unavoidable.  With  such  highly 
qualified  students  applying,  the  admissions 
committee  employs  criteria  less  quantifi- 
able than  test  scores  and  grade  point  aver- 
ages to  make  its  judgments. 

Says  Wingood,  "In  the  final  analysis, 
from  a  pool  of  many  more  qualified  people 
than  we  have  space  to  admit,  we  select 
those  who,  in  the  judgment  of  the  admis- 
sions committee,  will  contribute  most  to  the 


campus  and  take  fullest  advantage  of  the 
exceptional  academic  tesources  we  provide." 
The  University  Counsel's  office  said  be- 
cause the  case  is  currently  in  litigation,  it 
could  not  comment. 


SPECTRUM 
ANALYSIS 


inority  student  groups  at  Duke 
have  forged  a  new  alliance  to 
"stamp  out"  prejudice  on  cam- 
pus and  enhance  multicultural  awareness 
and  unity  among  students  of  color. 

The  coalition,  named  Spectrum,  in- 
cludes members  of  the  Black  Student 
Alliance  (BSA),  Asian  Student  Associa- 
tion (ASA),  Native  American  Student 
Association  (NASA),  Duke  India  Associ- 
ation (DIA),  and  Spanish  American/Latino 
Student  Association  (SALSA). 

Spectrum  is  the  first  coalition  of  its  type 
at  an  American  university,  according  to 
Mary  Lou  Williams  Cultural  Center  director 
Edward  Hill,  who  advises  the  group.  "Mi- 
nority students  often  go  through  a  univer- 
sity experience  without  ever  having  the 
opportunity  to  formulate  bonds  and  affilia- 
tions with  other  students  of  color,"  Hill 
says.  "But  this  group  has  produced  a  great 
deal  of  harmonious  interaction.  These  stu- 
dents see  themselves  as  having  a  need  to 
understand  more  about  one  another  in 
ways  they  never  felt." 

Spectrum  chair  Larry  Chavis,  a  senior, 
says  the  new  group  will  plan  activities  to 
raise  issues  of  cultural  awareness.  On  next 
spring's  agenda  is  a  conference  on  minority 
issues  with  students  from  similar  groups  at 
other  Southeastern  universities.  Spectrum 
will  host  and  sponsor  the  event. 


SPLICE  OF 
LIFE 


A$3-million  grant  from  the  W.M. 
Keck  Foundation  will  encourage  a 
partnership  of  Duke  scientists  who 
will  use  gene  splicing,  computers,  X-rays, 
and  magnetic  fields  to  deduce  the  intricate 
machinery  of  life. 

The  16,600-square-foot  W.M.  Keck  Cen- 
ter will  be  part  of  Duke's  $77.5-million 
interdisciplinary  Science  Research  Center 
(SRC),  according  to  Chancellor  for 
Health  Affairs  Ralph  Snyderman.  "We  are 
on  the  threshold  of  an  exciting  new  era," 
says  Snyderman.  "A  key  to  this  revolution 
will  be  close  collaboration  by  a  range  of 
scientists.  And  the  establishment  of  ad- 


vanced laboratories  such  as  the  Keck  Cen- 
ter will  be  a  center  of  gravity  for  interdisci- 
plinary research  programs  and  will  prove 
absolutely  critical  to  fostering  these  scien- 
tific partnerships." 

Partnerships  will  include  researchers 
from  two  broad-based  medical  center  re- 
search units:  the  department  of  pharma- 
cology, headed  by  Anthony  R.  Means,  and 
the  section  on  cell-growth  regulation,  led 
by  Robert  M.  Bell.  Applying  a  range  of 
biological  and  genetic  techniques,  the  sci- 
entists hope  eventually  to  design  and  con- 
struct new  drugs  to  correct  disease-causing 
malfunctions  within  cells  and  tissues. 


REFUND  TO 
FEDS 


Duke  returned  $16,366  of  misappro- 
priated funds  to  the  federal  gov- 
ernment, officials  announced  in 
October.  The  move  followed  a  U.S.  De- 
partment of  Health  and  Human  Services 
audit  of  selected  indirect  cost  pools  as- 
sessed against  $61  million  in  federally 
sponsored  research  at  Duke  in  1990-91. 
The  university  also  agreed  "with  reluc- 


tance" to  a  federal  request  to  make  the 
1990-91  adjustment  retroactive  to  include 
the  equivalent  of  five  annual  payments  of 
$16,366  for  the  period  1987-88  through 
1991-92  as  a  final  settlement  with  the  gov- 
ernment. The  audit  negotiations  followed 
a  U.S.  House  Subcommittee  on  General 
Oversight  and  Investigation  report  last 
May  that  indicated  Duke  had  overcharged 
the  government  by  $900,000. 

According  to  senior  vice  president  for 
public  affairs  John  F.  Burness,  the  $16,366 
figure  emerged  from  an  investigation  of 
accounting  errors  that  revealed  misappro- 
priations significantly  smaller  than  the  orig- 
inal estimate.  "We  regret  that  coding  er- 
rors in  our  accounting  system  led  to  these 
mistaken  charges,"  Burness  says,  "but  we 
are  grateful  that  federal  auditors  have  con- 
firmed the  position  we  stated  last  spring — 
that  the  unallowable  items  in  the  general 
administrative  cost  component  of  our  indi- 
rect cost  rate  allocated  to  federally  spon- 
sored research  in  1990-91  would  total  ap- 
proximately $16,000." 

The  charges  coded  indirectly  as  refund- 
able research  overhead  included  support 
for  Duke's  art  museum,  the  annual  faculty 
dinner,  and  a  dinner  to  honor  scholarship 
finalists,  as  well  as  some  fund-raising  and 
alumni  activities.  According  to  regulations 


published  by  the  Office  of  Management  and 
Budget,  such  activities  cannot  be  coded 
and  reimbursed  as  indirect  costs  of  federally 
sponsored  research. 


JOINING 
THE  TEAM 


A  Duke  senior  has  walked  from  one 
"Dream  Team"  onto  another. 
Ronald  Burt,  a  fourth-year  engi- 
neering student,  former  intramural  basket- 
ball standout,  and  in  all  other  ways  civilian, 
has  added  his  name  to  the  roster  of  the 
1991-92  defending  NCAA 
champion  Duke  men's  bas- 
ketball team. 

With  two  positions  on  the 
squad  vacated  by  transfers 
Billy  McCaffrey  and  Craw- 
ford Palmer,  Duke  coach 
Mike  Krzyzewski  opted  to 
offer  one  spot  to  a  non- 
recruit,  and  opened  tryouts 
for  the  walk-on  position  on 
October  15,  also  the  first  day 
of  official  pre-season  prac- 
tice. Thirty-seven  candidates 
showed  up  to  compete  for  the 
spot.  Through  a  series  of 
scrimmages,  they  played  with 
varying  degrees  of  distinction, 
from  those  with  legitimate 
chances  to  those  who  had  no 
shot  at  making  the  team  but 
wanted  "a  story  I  could  tell 
my  children." 

Eventually,  the  pool  dissi- 
pated to  twelve,  and  then, 
two  hours  after  tryouts,  to 
one,  as  Coach  K  issued  Burt 
a  formal  invitation  to  the 
next  day's  team  practice.  A 
six-foot-one  point  guard, 
Burt  will  face,  in  everyday 
practice,  the  estimable  task 
of  guarding  junior  Bobby 
Hurley,  arguably  the  most 
fearsome  playmaker  in  Duke 
history.  "First,  it  was  a  lot  of 
excitement,"  Burt  told  The 
Chronicle.  "You  made  the  na- 
tional championship  team.  It's 
like,  'Wow,  I  get  to  play  with 
these  guys.'  Then  you  think,  'Can  I  play 
with  these  guys?  Am  I  good  enough?'  " 

If  Burt's  past  career  in  Duke  intramural 
basketball  is  any  indication,  he  has  as  good 
a  shot  as  anyone.  Burt  spent  the  last  two 
years  quarterbacking  the  "Dream  Team,"  a 
legendary  intramural  squad  that  won  back- 
to-back  titles.  Fans  hope  he  can  help  his 
new  team  do  the  same. 


ADDRESSING 
GRADUATES 


The  "101st  senator  on  children's  is- 
sues" will  become  Duke's  140th  com- 
mencement speaker  when  Marian 
Wright  Edelman  addresses  the  Class  of 
1992  in  May. 

The  founder  and  president  of  the  Chil- 
dren's Defense  Fund,  Edelman  was  the  first 
black  woman  admitted  to  the  Mississippi 
bar,  where  she  made  her  mark  as  a  civil 
rights  advocate.  With  a  $1.5-million  grant, 
she  established  the  Child  Development 
Group  of  Mississippi.  In  1968  she  was  one 
of  two  who  organized  the  Washington  Re- 


Education  at  Harvard  University.  Among 
her  many  awards,  Edelman  most  recently 
received  the  Jackie  Robinson  Foundation's 
1991  Robie  Award  for  Humanitarianism. 


GUARDED  OPTIMISM 
FROM  GEPHARDT 


Walk-on  Burt:  worked  his  way  up  from 


rals  to  try-outs  to  the  big  time 


search  Project  to  address  issues  of  poverty 
and  disenfranchisement,  particularly  as  they 
affect  children.  The  organization  became 
the  Children's  Defense  Fund  in  1973. 

For  several  years  Edelman  served  as  a 
staff  attorney  for  the  NAACP  in  Mississippi, 
where  she  helped  establish  a  state  branch 
for  the  Head  Start  program.  In  the  early 
1970s,  she  directed  the  Center  of  Law  and 


House  majority  leader  Richard 
Gephardt  of  Missouri  spoke  in 
November  on  America's  sagging 
economic  fortunes  and  the  difficulties  of 
balancing  international  trade  with  Japan's 
closed  market. 

In  his   Duke   talk,   Gep- 
g     hardt   professed   his   condi- 
1     tional  optimism  for  Ameri- 
'i     ca's    economic    future:    "I 
§     believe   that   the   future  of 
our  country  can  be  bright." 
He  challenged  his  audience 
to    struggle    to   create    that 
outcome.  "It  all  depends  on 
the   intent  and  desire  that 
we   find   within   ourselves," 
Gephardt  said. 

Gephardt  emphasized  edu- 
cation, and  particularly  vo- 
cational training,  as  essen- 
tial components  of  a  new 
domestic  agenda.  He  iden- 
tified national  mandatory 
standardized  testing  as  a  way 
to  make  sure  all  students 
reach  a  certain  level  of  edu- 
cation. He  also  suggested 
ways  to  improve  the  work 
force,  including  a  vocational 
corps.  "We  need  a  training 
regime  that  really  works," 
he  said. 

As  he  lamented  the  inter- 
national complications  cre- 
ated by  Japan's  "kiretsu"  sys- 
tem, which  refuses  American 
companies  admission  to  the 
MBfr  Japanese  market,  Gephardt 

"^TBtai  explained  that  such  prob- 
lems would  not  eventually 
take  care  of  themselves,  as 
Americans  had  traditionally 
assumed. 

"For  forty  years,"  he  said, 
"we  have  been  operating 
under  the  illusion  that  we  can  change  these 
countries,  that  they  will  be  more  like  us. 
[But]  you  hit  reality  and  it's  not  that  way." 
Gephardt  insisted  on  a  policy  of  equal 
give-and-take  with  the  Japanese.  "Trade  is 
synergistic.  If  everyone  plays  on  a  level 
field,  everyone's  pie  gets  bigger." 


44 


DUKE  RESEARCH 


FOR  A  NEW 


CENTURY 


George  Marsh  has  a 
building  in  his  head. 
It's  a  mammoth,  in- 
tricate construc- 
tion— shaped  from 
the  visions  of  Duke 
faculty  and  admin- 
istrators— that  his 
mind's  eye  delights  in  exploring. 

The  young  Boston  architect  imagines 
Duke  scientists  puzzling  out  a  new  theory 
while  perched  in  one  of  the  building's 
glass-walled  tower  rooms  or  over  lunch  in 
the  cafeteria.  He  sees  the  university's  re- 
searchers in  specially  tailored  laboratories 
using  "fluorescence-activated  cell-sorters" 
and  "laser  confocal  microscopes."  He  envi- 
sions Duke  students  streaming  into  teach- 
ing laboratories  or  holding  classes  outdoors 
in  the  broad,  landscaped  courtyards. 

The  building  is  Duke's  Science  Research 
Center,  or  SRC,  and  its  simple  name  con- 
ceals a  complexity  of  purpose  unequalled 
in  the  university's  history. 

Stretching  almost  the  length  of  three 
football  fields,  the  three-story  building — 
scheduled  for  1994  completion — will  join 
under  one  roof  researchers  from  Trinity 
College  of  Arts  and  Sciences,  the  medical 
center,  the  new  School  of  the  Environ- 
ment, and  the  School  of  Engineering.  At 
$77.5  million,  the  175,000-square-foot 
building  is  the  most  ambitious  construction 
project  in  the  university's  history.  And 
SRC  is  Duke's  concept  of  its  future  as  a 
research  university.  In  SRC,  Duke  has 
declared  that  it  will  continue  to  strengthen 
its  role  as  a  leader  in  producing  scientific 
discoveries  and  in  aggressively  recruiting 
the  best  scientific  talent. 

SRC  also  signals  Duke's  support  for 
interdisciplinary  research — as  President  H. 
Keith  H.  Brodie  terms  it,  a  mission  "to 
nurture  and  encourage  the  free-ranging 
human  mind."  Such  a  signal  is  critical  to 
the  health  of  interdisciplinary  science,  say 
researchers.  Launching  an  interdisciplinary 
research  project  has  historically  been  risky 
for  scientists.  Such  researchers  have  often 


THE  SRC  STORY 

BY  DENNIS  MEREDITH 


At  $77.5  million  and 
175,000  square  feet, 
the  Science  Research 
Center  is  a  huge,  even 
daring,  interdisciplinary 
experiment.  It's  a  key 

both  to  new 
collaborations  and  to 
more  efficient  science. 


encountered  an  aversion  to  interdisci- 
plinary research  among  tenure  committees, 
funding  agency  officials,  and  peer  reviewers 
at  scientific  journals. 

SRC  also  resonates  with  internal  signifi- 
cance for  Duke.  For  example,  it  represents 
the  movement  of  medical  center  researchers 
from  their  traditional  centers  across  Re- 
search Drive:  "For  the  first  time,  medicine 
and  arts  and  sciences  will  be  under  the 
same  roof,"  says  Brodie.  "The  gauze  curtain 
will  be  parted  and  the  medical  center  will 
bring  the  expertise  that  will  allow  arts  and 
sciences  to  compete  aggressively  for  grants 
and  contracts  that  would  not  occur  if  these 
people  were  not  part  of  the  building." 

The  project  promises  to  free  up  space  in 
campus  departments,  allowing  renovation 
of  such  outdated  buildings  as  the  biological 


science  building.  There,  scientists  must  deal 
with  wheezing  utilities  and  equipment- 
stuffed  hallways.  Finally,  SRC  is  an  in- 
your-face  challenge  to  a  country  whose 
government  has  all  but  abandoned  support 
of  new  university  laboratories  and  whose 
corporations  neglect  long-range  basic  re- 
search for  the  fiscal  allure  of  quarterly  profit. 

SRC's  payoff  to  science  and  education  is 
potentially  immense,  say  the  project's  ad- 
vocates. From  SRC's  intellectual  melting 
pot  will  arise  such  advances  as  treatments 
for  cancer,  heart  disease,  and  genetic  disor- 
ders, policies  to  thwart  environmental  deg- 
radation, and  faster  computer  systems,  they 
predict.  They  foresee  SRC-fostered  partner- 
ships yielding  unexpected  basic  knowledge 
that  will  reverberate  through  history,  just 
as  arcane  studies  of  bacterial  genetics  in 
the  1920s  enabled  today's  genetic  engi- 
neering revolution.  And  just  as  important, 
say  the  faculty  and  administrators  who  con- 
ceived SRC,  students  dutifully  attending 
classes  and  labs  in  the  building  will  be 
lured  by  the  gleam  of  high-tech  research 
machines  into  scientific  careers. 

To  Marsh  and  his  design  team  at  archi- 
tects Payette  Associates,  the  building  often 
seems  to  have  grown  like  some  immense 
crystal,  organizing  itself  from  the  myriad 
requirements  of  science,  education,  policy, 
and  economics.  To  collect  those  exigencies, 
Marsh  and  his  colleagues  spent  two  years 
roving  the  campus,  exploring  the  depths  of 
laboratories,  and  holding  marathon  meet- 
ings with  Duke's  administrators  and  the 
building's  future  tenants.  The  challenge: 
to  fit  into  one  carefully  organized  structure 
medical  researchers,  biologists,  botanists, 
chemists,  computer  scientists,  economists, 
engineers,  mathematicians,  zoologists,  and 
all  their  students,  technicians,  administra- 
tors, and  clerical  help. 

Marsh  also  faced  the  exquisite  complexity 
of  accommodating  the  elaborate  parapher- 
nalia of  modern  science — lasers,  protein 
analyzers,  DNA  sequencers,  cell  growth 
chambers,  chromatographs,  parallel  pn 'Les- 
sors,   computer    work    stations,    electron 


45 


microscopes,  soil  collections,  and  hordes  of 
sea  urchins,  clams,  white  rats,  mice,  and 
genetically  altered  microbes.  "The  fact  that 
we  had  so  many  research  groups  to  design 
for  made  this  a  huge  job,"  says  Marsh,  whose 
firm  has  designed  numerous  university  labo- 
ratories. "It  took  500  drawings  for  this  build- 
ing, versus  200  for  the  usual  facility  this 
size."  The  ebullient  architect  also  encoun- 
tered a  multitude  of  little  surprises:  "We've 
done  a  lot  of  labs,  but  I've  never  run  into  a 
guy  that  has  sea  urchins  or  a  guy  that  has 
catfish,  or  a  guy  who  sorts  through  soils." 

The  SRC  story  began  long  before 
George  Marsh  encountered  his  first  sea 
urchin.  A  1987  campus  development  plan 
by  consultants  Dober  &  Associates,  Inc., 
postulated  not  a  single  large  edifice,  but  a 
number  of  smaller  wings  on  existing  engi- 
neering, chemistry,  and  biology  buildings. 
The  plan  proposed  that  Duke  build  a  large 
"Technology  Center"  separate  from  the  new 
wings,  on  Erwin  Road.  The  center  would 
house  a  distinct  cadre  of  applied  scientists 
and  engineers,  as  well  as  industrial  partners. 

The  chairs  of  the  affected  departments 
supported  the  Dober  plan,  but  Duke  ad- 
ministrators saw  greater  opportunity  in  a 
single,  large,  shared  facility.  Shaping  this 
intellectual  vision  of  SRC  as  an  interdisci- 
plinary facility  was  even  more  complex  and 
subtle  than  figuring  out  the  structure  of  the 
building  itself.  "The  vision  for  creating  a 
central  locus — and  the  energy  to  turn  that 
vision  into  a  practical  solution  we  could 
fight  for — developed  along  several  path- 
ways," says  Brodie. 

Then-provost  Phillip  Griffiths  was  par- 
ticularly frustrated  over  "the  lack  of  inter- 
face between  medical  and  nonmedical  re- 
search," Brodie  says.  "Griffiths  was  also 
committed  to  the  view  that  major  break- 
throughs in  science  would  occur  at  the  in- 
terfaces between  disciplines  and  not  at  their 
cores."  And,  Brodie  adds,  Charles  Putman, 
then  vice  president  for  research  and  devel- 
opment, "was  struggling  daily  with  the  real 
costs  of  research  and  our  lack  of  laboratory 
space  for  the  kind  of  science  he  knew  our 
society  needed  and  our  faculty  could  do." 
Putman  formed  a  special  advisory  commit- 
tee on  research  funding  that  was  "key  in 
turning  an  idea  about  how  to  do  twenty- 
first-century  science  into  a  plan  for  bricks- 
and-mortar  reality,"  in  Brodie's  words. 

Putman — now  executive  vice  president 
for  administration — became  persuaded  that 
the  breadth  of  the  scientific  problems  fac- 
ing society,  in  fact,  compelled  Duke  to 
move  toward  an  interdisciplinary  facility. 
"Over  the  last  decade,  society  has  become 
faced  with  major  medical  and  environmen- 
tal and  engineering  problems  that  every- 
body can  identify,"  says  Putman.  "But  there's 
not  a  single  discipline  capable  of  address- 
ing them  at  all.  We  did  refocus  our  curricu- 

46 


lum  on  such  interdisciplinary  problems,  but 
we  needed  to  recruit  the  people  to  match 
those  aims.  Then  we  were  faced  with  the 
fact  that,  even  if  we  began  to  recruit  inter- 
disciplinary people,  we  didn't  have  a  place 
to  put  them." 

The  Technology  Center  concept  didn't 
meet  such  needs,  according  to  Putman.  "We 
believed  that  there  was  too  much  emphasis 
on  applied  research  for  our  culture  to  ac- 
cept, and  the  center  wasn't  linked  to  the 
core  curriculum.  There  were  some  who 
were  concerned  that  Duke  would  become 
another  MIT." 

With  their  vision  of  a  project  that  could 
create  intellectual  lightning  where  disci- 
plines meet,  Brodie,  Griffiths,  Putman,  and 
their  colleagues  joined  to  proselytize  for  a 
single  building.  They  pushed  for  a  struc- 
ture that  would  not  only  house  a  variety  of 
researchers,  but  would  be  centrally  located 
to  allow  students  to  experience  the  daily 
life  of  research.  Faculty  review  and  over- 
sight was  essential  to  refining  the  SRC 
idea  and  creating  support  for  it,  says 
Brodie.  Putman  enlisted  cell  biology  pro- 
fessor Melvyn  Lieberman  as  point  man  for 
the  faculty;  and  political  science  professor 
Allan  Kornberg,  then  chair  of  the  Aca- 
demic Council,  brought  the  project  before 
the  Council  a  half-dozen  times  in  two 
years.  Kornberg  organized  meetings  with 
department  heads  to  discuss  the  concept 
and  how  it  could  be  made  to  work. 

Such  a  large  single  space  would  be 
cheaper  to  build  than  many  smaller  ones,  as 
the  administration  saw  it.  And,  they  pointed 
out,  scientists  could  share  the  increasingly 
expensive  instruments  of  modern  science. 
Chancellor  for  Health  Affairs  Ralph  Snyder- 
man  committed  the  medical  center,  and  as 
the  new  School  of  the  Environment  and 
the  computer  science  department  joined 
the  mix,  it  became  clear,  says  Brodie,  that 


Form  follows  function:  a  modem  building  that  "learns" 
not  only  from  Duke's  traditional  architecture  but  also 
from  the  people  who  will  use  it 

a  unique  facility  was  being  born.  "The 
genius  of  bringing  in  the  School  of  the 
Environment  is  that,  by  its  very  nature,  it 
is  interdisciplinary.  And  the  computer  sci- 
ence department  has  the  most  common 
appeal  among  the  arts  and  sciences  depart- 
ments. Add  the  molecular  biologists  and 
the  medical  center  people,  and  it's  a  won- 
derful amalgam." 

The   persuasion  of  the   administration 
and  key  faculty  finally  led  to  the  adoption 


: 

,<i>, 
f"'-^^ 

*^P_ 

■  V'-l^™1    '■twFi    'Ft 

i 

Winging  it:  detail  of  arcade  and  tower  for  computer  science  department 


of  SRC,  and  Putman  hired  Payette  Associ- 
ates to  translate  the  vision  into  concrete  and 
steel.  To  Marsh,  designated  chief  architect 
for  SRC,  the  building  behaved  like  a  kind 
of  architectural  lodestone:  "As  we  inter- 
viewed user  groups,  we  realized  that  there 
were  certain  poles,  sort  of  magnetic 
poles — Perkins  Library,  Seeley  Mudd  Med- 
ical Library,  the  chemistry  building,  the 
medical  center,  biology,  engineering — that 
should  affect  the  site.  Suddenly,  the  build- 
ing evolved  to  a  site  that  would  tie  those 
in.  So  the  building  grew  as  an  extension  to 
these  poles;  that's  why  it's  such  a  long 
building.  To  use  an  old  TV  jingle,  it  reach- 
es out  to  touch  these  groups." 

SRC  covers  the  engineering  school's 
parking  lot,  stretching  750  feet  to  the  east 
from  Research  Drive  near  medical  center 
labs  and  computer  science's  North  Build- 
ing. SRC  does,  indeed  "reach  out"  to  the 
facilities  around  it.  For  example,  with  only 
modest  extension,  the  School  of  Engineer- 
ing could  tie  into  the  structure. 

Marsh  also  allowed  the  building's  exterior 
to  evolve  in  harmony  with  its  purpose  and 
surroundings.  "We  wanted  this  building  to 
say  'science',"  he  says.  "But  we  didn't  want 
people  to  look  at  that  building  and  say  'My 
God,  it's  science  a  la  Pompidou,'  "  he  adds, 
referring  to  the  aggressively  modernistic 
Pompidou  Center  in  Paris,  infamous  for  the 
plumbing  festooning  its  exterior. 

To  say  "science,"  the  building  acquired  a 
textured  concrete  exterior,  "learning"  from 
the  medical  center  and  engineering  build- 


To  the  architectural 

firm's  design  team, 

the  building  grew  like 

some  immense  crystal, 

organizing  itself  around 

the  requirements  of 

science,  education, 

policy,  and  economics. 


ings,  says  Marsh.  "We  wanted  SRC  to 
have  some  strong  anchoring  sense,  and 
using  concrete  does  that  because  it  says 
that  it's  not  a  dorm.  It  says  that  it's  some- 
thing stronger."  Marsh  also  had  the  build- 
ing say  "science"  in  such  subtle  details  as 
how  he  placed  windows  and  the  interior 
lights  that  would  illuminate  them  at  night. 
"There  are  a  lot  of  windows  in  a  very 
rhythmic  manner.  And  we  very  carefully 
organized  the  way  light  fixtures  worked 
with  those  windows,  so  when  you  stand  on 
the  outside,  you'll  see  uniform  lighting. 
There's  a  rhythmic,  repetitive  sense  that 
says  there's  work  going  on  in  there." 

The  SRC  design  also  emphatically  says 
"Duke,"  says  Marsh,  as  the  building  learned 


much  from  the  university's  traditional 
architecture.  From  the  Duke  Chapel  came 
the  idea  for  an  open  arcade  along  the 
building's  side;  from  the  Gothic  core  of 
West  Campus  came  the  idea  tor  modern 
versions  of  the  corner  towers;  and  from  the 
Sarah  Duke  Gardens  pergola  came  the 
concept  of  using  a  graceful  steel  framework 
for  the  long  arcade. 

"We  learned  from  those  buildings,  but 
we  didn't  mimic  them,"  Marsh  says.  "We 
didn't  just  want  to  take  Duke  stone  and 
build  another  Gothic  structure.  This  is  a 
modern  building."  Besides  housing  the 
stairwells,  some  of  the  corner  towers  will 
be  topped  by  modern  glass-walled  confer- 
ence rooms,  which  Marsh  says  will  act  as 
"little  beacons"  at  night.  "They'll  float  sep- 
arately from  the  stairs.  They'll  be  loft 
rooms  where  people  can  have  breaks  or 
crash  overnight  if  they're  working." 

The  floating  conference  rooms  are  only 
one  example  of  how  SRC's  interior 
learned  from  the  people  who  would  use  it. 
The  stairwells  are  another.  Even  the  shape 
of  a  stairway  can  affect  the  flow  of  science, 
says  the  medical  center's  Snyderman.  "An 
individual  is  much  more  likely  to  walk  up 
and  down  an  open  staircase  than  one  in 
which  you  have  to  open  a  door,  which  is 
hard  to  do  with  something  in  your  hands. 
Open  staircases  invite  people  to  move  up 
and  down  very  freely.  So,  I've  insisted  that 
we  don't  allow  these  barriers  in  any  of  the 
new  medical  center  and  SRC  buildings." 

Even  more  unusual,  Marsh  transformed 


47 


the  stairway  landings  into  400-square-foot 
lounges,  where  researchers  could  pause  be- 
tween floors  to  ponder  a  radical  new  can- 
cer therapy  or  a  plan  to  save  the  rainforest. 
"It's  all  part  of  the  staircase  experience,"  he 
says.  Such  feedback  confirmed  Marsh's  con- 
viction that  SRC  should  not  only  have  open 
stairways,  but  be  only  three  stories  high. 

It  may  seem  a  peculiar  notion  that  shap- 
ing stairs  or  arranging  rooms  can  sculpt 
human  relationships,  especially  in  such  a 
cerebral  vocation  as  science.  But  scientists 
are  sure  of  it.  Says  Snyderman:  "I  think  the 
physical  environment  has  a  great  impact  on 
the  intellectual  environment.  Informal  dis- 
cussions among  scientists  are  what  are  gen- 
erally most  productive." 

At  scientific  meetings,  for  example,  most 
new  science  is  spawned  in  hallways  and  at 
dinner  tables,  and  not  in  lecture  rooms,  says 
Snyderman.  "Scientists  really  view  science 
as  more  than  a  profession;  it  is  part  of  our- 
selves, and  when  we  get  together,  you  can 
believe  me  it's  generally  what  we  talk  about." 

To  Snyderman,  SRC's  provision  for 
sharing  the  increasingly  expensive  research 
machines  of  modern  science  is  a  key  both 
to  new  collaborations  and  to  more  effi- 
cient science.  "The  biotechnology  revolu- 
tion means  that  it's  less  common  for  a  sin- 
gle investigator  to  work  alone  in  a  small 
laboratory  using  fairly  straightforward, 
inexpensive  equipment  and  to  be  on  the 
cutting  edge  of  research.  It's  more  likely 
that  the  investigator  is  collaborating  with 
colleagues  who  have  different  skills  in  dif- 
ferent areas,  using  powerful,  shared  tech- 
nologies. Research  is  becoming  more  inter- 
active, more  collaborative." 

Balancing  its  interdisciplinary  purpose, 
SRC  also  had  to  assure  the  individual 
groups  that  their  own  identities  would  not 
be  submerged.  The  balance  was  delicate: 
Uniting  the  groups  is  a  central,  three-story 
"Hall  of  Science"  from  which  visitors  can 
readily  move  into  the  individual  research 
units.  This  formal  entryway  also  leads  to 
meeting  rooms  and  the  300-seat  auditori- 
um. Other  public  areas,  including  the 
courtyards  and  the  200-seat  cafeteria,  also 
promote  SRC's  communal  aims. 

On  the  other  hand,  Marsh  also  planned 
a  distinctive  outside  entrance  for  each 
planned  tenant.  The  Payette  architects 
delved  into  not  only  the  purpose  of  each 
unit,  but  also  the  psychology  of  its  inhabi- 
tants. "For  the  School  of  the  Environment, 
we  used  glass  skylights  at  the  entrance,  so 
when  you  walked  up  the  stairs,  you  were  in 
a  greenhouse,  a  forest  room,"  says  Marsh. 
"But  the  computer  scientists  are  a  little  more 
private,  their  work  perhaps  more  like  a  puz- 
zle. So,  as  you  go  into  their  space,  you  don't 
understand  it  at  first.  Only  after  you  go  up 
the  stairs  and  explore  do  you  come  to  under- 
stand it.  It's  like  computers:  You  have  to 


"We  realized  that  there 
were  certain  magnetic 
poles — Perkins  library, 
Mudd  medical  library, 
the  chemistry  building, 

the  medical  center, 
biology,  engineering — 

that  should  affect 
the  site." 

GEORGE  MARSH 
Architect,  Payette  Associates 


learn  how  to  flip  on  the  machines  first." 

Marsh  and  his  team  also  carefully  tai- 
lored the  private  spaces — laboratories  and 
offices — for  the  known  users:  The  electric- 
power-hungry  computer  scientists  will  have 
twenty-four  sockets  per  room  in  their  of- 
fices. And  the  growers  of  sea  urchins,  cat- 
fish, and  other  exotic  animals  will  have 
special  rooms  for  those  tasks.  But  not  all 
SRC's  tenants  have  been  settled  on,  and 
those  already  committed  will  change  over 
the  years.  So,  Marsh  found  himself  design- 
ing for  science-yet-to-be.  One  result  is  an 
"interdisciplinary  lab  bench"  that  can  be 
fitted  with  a  multitude  of  shelves  and  cub- 
byholes, or  none  at  all.  "That  was  tough," 
he  says.  "Some  researchers  wanted  flat  tops 
to  sort  soils  on;  some  wanted  high  shelves; 
some  wanted  low  shelves.  So,  we  designed 
this  skeletal  frame  onto  which  compo- 
nents can  fit,  so  they  can  mix  and  match 
what  they  want." 

Luring  students  into  scientific  careers  was 
a  prime  reason  for  including  classrooms 
and  student  laboratories,  and  for  siting 
SRC  within  walking  distance  of  the  dorms. 
Duke  faculty  and  administrators  are  acutely 
aware  that  students  are  deserting  science 
and  engineering  in  droves.  They  are  also 
acutely  aware  that  some  of  this  desertion  is 
their  doing,  as  they  isolated  students  from 
the  excitement  of  real  research.  Says 
Brodie:  "What  I'll  love  to  see  in  this  build- 
ing— because  we'll  have  students  not  only 
in  the  labs,  but  taking  courses  there  in  class- 
rooms— is  that  they'll  see  science  on  dis- 
play. They'll  be  able  to  walk  down  a  corridor 
I  and  see  some  exciting  things  going  on  that 
!  will,  we  hope,  entice  them  to  open  a  door 
or  to  enter  a  lab  or  maybe  to  talk  to  a  re- 
searcher. We  hope  we  can  rekindle  the  prior 
interest  they  had  when  they  came  here." 


Finally,  SRC  will  also  reach  out  to 
industry.  The  planners  have  set  aside  space 
for  industrial  partners  next  to  the  build- 
ing's circular  drive,  making  working  at 
Duke  "freeway  accessible"  for  corporations. 

Clearly,  SRC  is  a  huge,  even  daring, 
experiment.  Ironically,  though,  interdisci- 
plinary research  is  not  new;  in  fact,  in 
many  ways  SRC  represents  a  return  to  the 
early  days  of  science.  As  Duke  science  his- 
torian Seymour  Mauskopf  points  out,  sci- 
entific disciplines  are  only  recent  inven- 
tions. "They  arose  only  in  the  nineteenth 
century,  as  a  reaction  to  the  technological 
explosion  and  the  professionalization  of 
science,"  he  says.  And  disciplines  such  as 
chemistry,  which  separated  from  physics 
then,  readily  gave  rise  to  "interdisciplines" 
such  as  physical  chemistry  and  biochemistry. 

To  Mauskopf,  one  mark  of  SRC's  suc- 
cess will  be  its  effects  on  the  overall  orga- 
nization of  disciplines.  "Does  any  new 
discipline  come  out  of  this,  or  any  new 
'interdisciplinary  discipline?'"  he  asks. 
"Does  Duke  emerge  as  a  national  or  world 
center  in  some  cutting-edge  area?" 

So  far,  SRC  has  been  very  much  a  story 
of  people,  not  just  of  blueprints,  open  stair- 
ways, and  custom  lab  benches.  There  were 
SRC's  originators — including  Brodie,  Grif- 
fiths, Putman,  and  Snyderman.  There  were 
faculty  leaders  Lieberman  and  Kornberg. 
And  there  were  the  architects,  Marsh  and 
his  team.  There  were  also  key  donors,  such 
as  former .  board  chairman  Fitzgerald  S. 
Hudson  B.S.C.E.  '46,  whose  early  $1 -mil- 
lion gift  launched  the  fund-raising  effort; 
entrepreneur  Leon  Levine,  CEO  of  Family 
Dollar  Stores,  Inc.,  whose  $10-million  gift 
last  September  firmly  set  the  project's  sails; 
and  the  W.  M.  Keck  Foundation,  whose  $3- 
million  gift  for  the  W.  M.  Keck  Center  for 
Integrative  Biomedical  Research  gave  wel- 
come affirmation  of  SRC's  goals.  The 
Keck  Center  will  house  researchers  from 
both  of  the  medical  center  units  designat- 
ed for  SRC:  the  department  of  pharmacol- 
ogy and  the  section  on  cell-growth  regula- 
tion and  oncogenesis.  (Even  with  early 
signs  of  support,  SRC  remains  Duke's 
biggest  single-project  fund-raising  chal- 
lenge ever.) 

SRC's  success  certainly  depends  on  its 
function  as  an  arena  for  new  science,  but 
to  Mauskopf,  human  equations,  rather  than 
scientific  ones,  will  govern.  "My  feeling  is 
that  the  story  ultimately  depends  on  peo- 
ple— the  intelligence  and  compatibility  of 
people.  A  professional  collaboration  really 
is  like  getting  married:  to  be  compatible  in 
a  very  deep  and  multifaceted  way,  both 
intellectually  and  personally,  with  your 
colleague."  I 


Meredith  is  director  of  Duke's  Office  of  Research 
Communicatioris. 


RIPPING  OFF  RESEARCH 

Continued  from  page  1 1 

pher  who  drew  accusations  of  plagiarism 
last  year  for  a  hook  he  wrote  a  decade  and 
a  half  ago.  While  not  necessarily  attesting 
to  the  character  or  credentials  of  the 
scholar  in  question,  Franklin  aligned  him- 
self with  the  defense.  He  felt  the  accusing 
parties  failed  to  appreciate  the  narrowness 
of  the  field  from  which  the  biographer  had 
gleaned  an  honorable,  if  not  particularly  dis- 
tinctive, work.  There  are  only  so  many  ways 
to  say  Mary  Lincoln  got  sick,  especially 
when  the  documents  are  limited.  "Every- 
body's used  the  same  sources,"  Franklin 
explains.  It  is  purely  coincidental,  if  not 
surprising,  that  "you  meet  them  at  the 
well — the  same  people,  the  same  little 
crumbs." 

Accusations  do  emerge,  and  however 
unfair  they  may  be,  their  frequency  pro- 
vides an  accurate  reflection  of  the  narrow 
line  that  divides  original  work  from  stolen 
words.  "It's  a  very,  very  difficult  path  to 
tread,"  Franklin  says.  The  obstacles  to 
originality  increase  proportionally  with  the 
amount  that  scholars  work  a  particular 
field.  With  so  many  words  already  used  up 
on  a  subject,  "you're  so  fearful  that  you 
might  be  caught  up  in  something,  that  you 
don't  write  as  well  because  you  want  to  say 
it  in  a  way  that  somebody  else  didn't." 

However  nerve-wracking  the  process 
might  be,  it  is  a  time-honored  endeavor, 
the  practice  of  bringing  original  twists  to 
time-worn  subjects.  George  Gopen  wrote 
his  law  school  thesis  on  the  topic  of  intel- 
lectual property,  and  discovered  in  the 
course  of  his  research  that  it  was  a  relative- 
ly new  concept.  Erasmus  reflected  on  the 
character  of  scholarly  writing  in  the  Mid- 
dle Ages  in  De  Copia,  says  Gopen,  by 
exploring  the  popular  practice  of  imagina- 
tive variation  on  commonly-known  work. 
Gopen  calls  the  modern  concept  of  intel- 
lectual property — ideas  privately  owned 
and  individually  profited  from — an  inven- 
tion of  "super-capitalist  thugs."  That  ap- 
proach stands  in  stark  contrast  to  the  once 
prevalent  concept  of  shared,  accumulated 
knowledge,  which,  in  Gopen's  words,  al- 
lows that  "every  idea  you  have  is  contextu- 
alized  by  all  you  know  and  things  you 
don't  even  know  you've  been  influenced 
by.  It's  hard  to  see  where  your  new  idea 
starts  and  all  the  ideas  generated  leave 
off." 

The  difficulty  of  making  that  distinction 
varies  with  the  confines  of  the  field  in- 
volved. "It's  a  scale,  morally  and  ethically," 
David  Garrow  adds,  "in  terms  of  conscious- 
ness vs.  sloppiness."  A  leading  King  biog- 
rapher, Garrow  locates  King  the  disserta- 
tion-writer at  the  far  extreme  of  calculated 
plagiarism.  He  places  Stephen  Oates,  the 


"Everybody's  used  the 

same  sources.  You  meet 

them  at  the  well — the 

same  people,  the  same 

little  crumbs." 

JOHN  HOPE  FRANKLIN 
Duke  Histon-  Professor  Emeritus 


accused  Lincoln  biographer,  at  the  other 
end  for  the  sloppiness  of  his  well-intended 
research  and  the  unoriginality  of  his  lan- 
guage. In  Oates'  case,  Garrow  suggests, 
"the  offense  was  accidental."  King  cannot 
be  similarly  excused. 

The  upcoming  publication  of  King's 
papers  annotates  and  documents  the  ex- 
tended passages  he  copied  from  the  original 
work  of  his  subject,  theologian  Paul  Tillich, 
and  the  dissertation  of  another  Boston  Uni- 
versity student.  In  conjunction  with  King's 
other  student  papers,  an  unignorable  pat- 
tern of  unacknowledged  mosaic  appropria- 
tion emerges.  The  progression  reveals  King 
as  an  accomplished  and  seasoned  plagiarist 
by  the  time  he  added  the  "Dr."  to  his  title 
in  1955. 

John  Hope  Franklin,  who  served  on  the 
advisory  board  of  the  King  papers  project, 
affirms  without  question  the  committee's 
findings.  Responses  from  the  King  faithful 
have  run  the  predictable  gamut  from  denial 
to  disillusionment.  Some  have  rationalized 
this  way  or  that  to  excuse  King's  actions, 


while  others  have  speculated  as  to  whether 
King's  legacy,  regardless  of  his  later  dis- 
tinctions, can  weather  yet  another  tarnish- 
ing stain  on  his  record.  Franklin,  in  a  man- 
ner not  unlike  Gopen's  approach,  seeks 
instead  a  context  for  King's  actions,  which 
will  neither  excuse  nor  condemn  them, 
but  rather  shed  greater  light  on  King's 
ambitions  at  the  time.  Many  commenta- 
tors have  suggested  that  King  was  essen- 
tially a  preacher  in  a  scholar's  training 
ground,  who  simply  played  the  role  of  an 
intellectual  for  a  few  years  while  he 
secured  a  showpiece  degree  that  would  en- 
hance his  status  in  Atlanta's  middle-class, 
black  baptisteries.  King,  then,  only  broke 
the  rules  of  a  game  he  didn't  want  to  play. 
Garrow  agrees  that  King  was  "only  acting 
out  becoming  a  scholar,"  but  says  that 
King's  professional  aim  "still  doesn't  begin 
to  justify  his  offense." 

Franklin  sees  the  idea  of  King's  drive  to 
be  a  preacher  and  not  a  scholar  as  a  way  to 
understand  King  in  the  fullest  context.  "The 
question  that  is  on  my  mind  is  whether 
there  was  a  tradition  of  borrowing  from  one 
preacher  to  another."  King  certainly  exhib- 
ited the  ability  throughout  his  career  to 
rattle  off  any  text — regardless  of  the 
author — with  immeasurable  ease,  as  David 
Garrow  attests.  "King's  ability  to  memorize 
sermons  he  had  read  elsewhere,  his  ability 
to  recycle  notes  with  very  direct  echoes,  is  a 
reflection  of  a  remarkable  verbal  memory." 

So  King  was  certainly  prepared  to  add 
his  voice  to  at  least  one  of  the  traditions 
he  was  trained  to  enter.  Franklin  takes  the 
question  a  step  further  into  the  synthesis 
of  preacher  and  scholar  that  King,  and  pre- 
sumably  a  number  of  his  colleagues  at 
graduate  school,  were  trying  to  forge.  "I've 
been  around  black  ministers  all  of  my  life," 
says  Franklin,  "and  I  know  that  expropria- 
tion at  that  level  of  the  pastorate  is  com- 
mon. What  I  don't  know  is  whether  it  was 
common  at  the  theological  seminary  or 
graduate  school  among  people  studying  in 
this  field.  So  when  King  borrows  from  one 
of  the  greats,  Neihbur  or  Tillich,  is  that 
cricket?  If  it  isn't,  then  it  is  amazing  that 
the  whistle  wasn't  blown  on  him  by  one  of 
his  professors — because  he  was  not  hiding." 

Franklin's  analysis  bodes  well  fur  the 
future  of  King  studies:  It  uses  these  revela- 
tions of  the  civil  rights  leader's  early  pla- 
giarism not  to  shut  the  door  or  pull  the 
shades  on  his  legacy,  but  rather  to  open  a 
new  window  on  it.  "I'm  not  trying  to 
excuse  King,"  he  contends.  "I'm  trying  to 
learn  the  culture  of  the  ministerial  profes- 
sion, what  is  acceptable,  and  what  is  off 
limits.  And  I'm  just  not  sure." 

What  makes  it  most  difficult  to  draw  con- 
clusions about  the  circumstances  of  King's 
plagiarism  is  that  the  response  of  his  pro- 
fessors was   at  best   insubstantial   and   at 


4" 


worst  negligent.  The  fact  that  ranking 
experts  in  King's  own  field  failed  to  identi- 
fy echoes  of  the  most  obvious  authorities  is 
disappointing.  It  raises  speculation  as  to 
how  much  cheating  goes  unnoticed  in  aca- 
demic spheres,  and  how  far  one  has  to  go, 
from  outright  confession  to  a  Nobel  Peace 
Prize,  simply  to  merit  forthright  critical 
judgment. 

Duke's  Holley  attributes  such  failings  to 
an  epidemic  of  diminished  energy  that 
seems  to  have  swept  much  of  the  professo- 
riate, and  may  have  run  its  course  in 
King's  time  as  well.  "Whatever  the  cause, 
either  slackness  or  laziness  or  hardship,  or 
that  you  have  to  work  so  hard  to  get 
tenure,  it  goes  back  to  the  failure  to  read 
student  papers  closely,  to  annotate  them." 

Franklin  agrees  that  particularly  in  the 
scholarly  world,  far  more  plagiarism  goes  on 
than  receives  adequate  scrutiny,  and  part 
of  the  problem  is  the  failure  of  the  plagia- 
rists' colleagues  to  read  closely.  "I  think  it's 
maybe  because  we're  not  as  well  read  as  we 
ought  to  be,  or  don't  read  as  critically  as 
we  should,"  he  says.  So-called  speed-read- 
ers in  particular  lose  their  edge.  "You  give 


Martin  Luther  King  Jr. 

was  "only  acting  out 

becoming  a  scholar,"  but 

his  professional  aim 

"still  doesn't  begin  to 

justify  his  offense." 


DAVID].  GARROW 
King  biographer 


I  up  a  certain  critical  kind  of  reading  for  a 
certain  coverage.  Therefore,  you  don't 
read  and  reflect,  or  read  and  criticize.  You 
read  to  comprehend  in  a  very  superficial 
manner." 

Perhaps  it  goes  back  to  David  Garrow's 
observation  that  when  plagiarism  appears, 
"the  only  person  who  can  complain  is  the 


victim."  Such  a  restriction  assumes  there  is 
only  one  victim — the  author  of  the  plagia- 
rized text.  "The  crime  against  the  reader  is 
almost  as  great  as  the  one  committed 
against  the  victim,"  says  Garrow.  To  deny 
that  is  to  misunderstand  the  purpose  of 
written  work  because  it  excludes  the  read- 
er from  the  dialogue.  It  also  isolates  the 
alleged  plagiarist  by  denying  the  way  his 
work  can  damage  the  field  beyond  the  vio- 
lation of  the  suppressed  source. 

Does  the  crime  only  injure  the  victim,  or 
more  universally,  as  Garrow  postulates,  the 
reading  public  as  well?  And  does  the  way  a 
text  is  appropriated  say  more  about  the 
academic  circumstance  than  about  the 
severity  of  the  impropriety?  Is  one  perpe- 
trator any  less  guilty  than  another  depend- 
ing on  the  degree  to  which  he  was  con- 
scious of  his  actions?  "I  don't  know," 
laughs  John  Hope  Franklin,  rolling  back 
from  his  desk.  "But  I  don't  want  to  be 
guilty  of  any  of  it."  ■ 


Nathans'  previous  article  for  the  magazine  was  on 
the  trials  and  tribulations  of  getting  a  graduate 
school  degree,  a  pursuit  he  will  soon  begin. 


ANCIENT  MYSTERIES 

Continued  from  page  1 6 

Brownlee  was  among  the  first  to  specu- 
late about  a  scholarly  mystery  that  continues 
to  this  day — the  identity  of  the  sect  that 
produced  the  scrolls.  He  cited  "numerous 
parallels"  between  the  as  yet  unpublished 
scrolls  labeled  the  Manual  of  Discipline  and 
the  beliefs  and  practices  of  the  Essenes. 
That  theory,  Brownlee  noted,  "seemed 
somewhat  radical  to  many  scholars"  until 
the  excavation  of  the  ancient  Essene  com- 
munity center  of  Qumran  near  the  first 
scroll  cave. 

In  1950,  Brownlee,  then  at  Duke,  called 
upon  his  friendship  with  Samuel,  the  Syrian 
Archbishop,  and  arranged  for  him  to  visit 
the  United  States  with  the  scrolls.  Duke 
would  be  one  stop  for  the  scrolls;  the  few 
other  locations  were  the  Library  of  Con- 
gress, the  Walter  Gallery  of  Baltimore,  and  j 
the  Oriental  Institute  of  the  University  of 
Chicago.  Displayed  under  armed  guard  on 
the  chancel  steps  of  the  Duke  Chapel,  the 
three  scrolls — called  at  the  time  "the  most 
remarkable  of  some  eight  scrolls.  .  .  which 
were  discovered  by  accident" — had  a  five-  j 
day  stay  at  Duke  in  February  of  1950.  The 
display  attracted  about  30,000  visitors. 

The  Syrian  Archbishop  was  more  than 
enamored  with  Duke;  he  was  eager  to  sell 
the  scrolls  in  his  possession,  and  approached 
Duke  with  an  offer — reportedly,  demanding 
a  million  dollars.  Duke  officials  turned  him 
down.  "They  were  dubious  about  how  early 
the  scrolls  were,"  says  the  Princeton  Theo- 


logical Seminary's  James  Charlesworth. 
"Subsequently,  of  course,  the  verdict  of  the 
first  scholars  was  confirmed  that  these 
were  among  the  earliest  and  most  precious 
manuscripts  ever  found."  The  Archbishop 
went  on  to  advertise  the  scrolls  for  sale  in 
The  Wall  Street  journal.  An  Israeli  archae- 
ologist saw  the  ad  and,  through  an  inter- 
mediary, arranged  the  purchase,  for  about 
a  quarter  of  the  original  asking  price. 

As  unfortunate  as  Duke's  turndown  may 
seem,  at  least  in  historical  perspective,  de- 
cades later,  Duke  would  have  a  second  lost 
opportunity.  Charlesworth  had  come  close 
to  persuading  Betty  Bechtel  to  use  Duke  as 
a  storage  site  for  the  photographic  plates  of 
the  scrolls — the  same  plates  that  would 
end  up  in  the  Huntington.  "She  visited 
Duke  on  numerous  occasions,"  Charles- 
worth says.  "She  had  a  longstanding  inter- 
est in  my  work,  and  early  in  my  career  had 
funded  my  publication  of  manuscripts  found 
in  the  Sinai  Desert.  And  she  was  also  very 
much  attracted  to  Duke  because  of  its  his- 
torical connections  with  the  scrolls."  In 
Brownlee's  day,  for  example,  Duke  became 
the  first  university  to  offer  a  Hebrew  course 
based  on  the  scrolls.  Bechtel,  then,  "began 
to  think  about  the  possibility  of  building  a 
special  vault  at  Duke  identical  to  the  one 
she  had  built  in  California.  She  thought 
this  might  be  the  ideal  way  to  have  the 
photos  preserved — siting  duplicate  sets  on 
the  West  Coast  and  the  East  Coast." 

An  architect  drew  up  preliminary  plans. 
The  plans  called  for  renovating  a  portion 
of  the  basement  of  the  Gray  Building,  home 


of  the  religion  department,  for  a  secure 
storage  vault.  But  a  murky  series  of  person- 
ality and  policy  disputes  delayed,  and  even- 
tually quashed,  the  project.  Charlesworth 
simply  says,  "She  died  before  she  could  com- 
plete the  dteam  at  Duke.  And  the  photos 
that  she  was  thinking  about  giving  to 
Duke  remained  at  the  Huntington,  which 
was,  after  all,  in  her  neighborhood  and 
where  she  was  already  a  benefactor." 

Every  book  of  the  Old  Testament  was 
included  in  the  eight-year  series  of  finds, 
either  complete,  as  with  Isaiah,  or  in  frag- 
ments. The  one  exception  was  thought  to 
be  the  Book  of  Esther;  but  according  to 
Duke's  Eric  Meyers,  scholars  think  they 
may  have  landed  on  fragments  of  Esther  in 
the  tecently-opened  archives.  For  Old  Tes- 
tament studies,  says  Meyers,  scroll  research 
"has  vindicated  some  of  the  ancient  ver- 
sions of  the  Hebrew  Bible,  especially  the 
ancient  Greek  version,  in  dramatic  and 
unexpected  ways.  The  Book  of  Jeremiah, 
for  example,  has  come  to  us  in  a  version 
that  was  previously  known  only  vaguely 
through  ancient  Greek  texts."  From  the 
scrolls  record,  scholars  have  developed 
what  Meyers  calls  a  "more  nuanced"  view 
of  Judaism:  "A  generation  ago,  the  reigning 
theory  was  that  by  this  time,  a  unified  form 
of  Judaism  had  emerged  out  of  a  variety  of 
options.  The  evolution  wasn't  so  simple, 
though.  Judaism  emerged  over  a  long  period, 
and  diversity  within  Judaism  continued 
long  into  the  early  Christian  period." 

The  scrolls  have  also  provided  a  rich 
"noncanonical"    literature,    through    their 


50 


commentary  on  biblical  passages.  "Descrip- 
tions in  the  documents,"  Meyers  says,  "ex- 
pand on  biblical  descriptions,  even  to  the 
point  of  going  on  about  the  beauty  of 
Sarah  in  absolute  exquisite  and  sometimes 
embarrassing  detail."  And  the  scrolls  shed 
light  on  religious  life  in  early  Palestine, 
when  numerous  sects  were  vying  for  influ- 
ence. Most  current-day  scholars,  like 
Brownlee  decades  earlier,  believe  that  the 
scrolls  were  largely  written  by  one  such 
sect,  the  Essenes.  A  group  of  Essenes — first 
estimates  pegged  the  population  at  150, 
and  more  recent  estimates  range  from  300 
to  400 — gathered  to  form  a  monastic  and 
farming  community  that  flourished  at 
Qumran  for  two  centuries,  ending  about  68 
A.D.,  when  it  was  overrun  by  the  Roman 
army.  The  documents  include  descriptions 
of  "how  new  initiates  were  to  affiliate,  the 
regimen  of  day-to-day  life  that  they  were 
to  adhere  to,  the  order  of  purity  they  were 
to  maintain,"  says  Meyers. 

Says  Duke  Arts  and  Sciences  Professor 
and  New  Testament  scholar  E.P.  Sanders: 
"The  Dead  Sea  was  a  very  extreme  place 
to  live,  and  these  people — having  separated 
themselves  from  the  mainline  establish- 
ment on  religious  lines — were  extreme  in 
their  religious  opinions.  There  was  a  long 
tradition  in  Israel  of  dissidents  fleeing  to 
the  desert.  There  were  lots  of  chances  to 
escape  there,  lots  of  good  hiding  places  in 
the  hills  around  the  Dead  Sea." 

Despite  their  desert  isolation,  says 
Sanders,  the  Essenes  were  thoroughly  Jew- 
ish in  character.  "The  things  that  they 
debated  were  the  things  that  Jews  com- 
monly thought  were  important,  including 
the  legitimacy  of  religious  authorities.  They 
preserved  the  Jewish  Sabbath  and  they 
showed  the  importance  that  Jews  placed 
on  purity,  though  from  their  own  point  of 
view.   They  were   keen   on  studying   the 


Bible  and  their  own  secret  books.  There 
are  all  kinds  of  references  to  gathering  to- 
gether for  studying."  And  according  to  his- 
torical and  literary  tradition,  the  Essenes' 
religious  zealotry  inspired  personal  cour- 
age, Sanders  says.  "The  historian  Josephus 
says  that  the  Essenes — we  don't  know  if  it's 
the  group  from  the  shores  of  the  Dead  Sea — 
showed  themselves  to  be  very  devoted  even 
under  torture.  It  appears  to  have  been  a 
favorite  theme  for  conquerors  to  try  to  make 
their  Jewish  captives  eat  pork  or  curse  their 
God  or  make  some  act  of  veneration  toward 
another  god.  But  the  Essenes  refused  to  do 
anything  that  their  religion  forbade." 

Why  did  the  Essenes  pack  some  of  their 
literary  output  into  earthenware  and  hide 
it  away  in  caves?  Sanders  says  the  debate  is 
between  two  theories.  "One  possibility  is 
that  they  hid  away  their  prized  possessions 
as  the  Roman  army  approached — a  simple 
matter  of  safe-keeping.  The  other  possibili- 
ty is  that  these  were  scrolls  that  were  being 
put  into  dead  storage,  that  they  were  too 
holy  to  destroy  but  too  damaged  to  be 
used.  This  is  a  practice  that  we  know  was 
followed  by  other  Jews.  Documents  with 
the  name  God,  for  example,  cannot  be 
destroyed." 

The  scrolls  provide  some  tantalizing  il- 
lustrations of  the  intersection  between 
Judaism  and  early  Christianity.  They  ex- 
press the  conviction  that  the  arrival  of  a 
messiah  was  imminent,  and  portray  an 
apocalyptic  end-of-time  battle  between 
the  forces  of  light  and  darkness.  According 
to  Eric  Meyers,  "The  sectarian  writings 
depict  the  life  of  a  monastic  communal 
group  that  professed  a  lifestyle  that  in 
Christian  eyes  seemed  remarkably  similar 
to  the  monastic  communities  that  evolved 
with  Christianity.  The  nature  of  ritual 
purity  practiced  at  Qumran  has  tremendous 
similarities  to  of  the  ritual  practice  of  bap- 


tism that  was  to  emerge  in  Christian  society. 
And  the  style  of  biblical  exegesis  shown  in 
the  scrolls — the  ability  of  sectarian  docu- 
ments to  comment  on  old  authoritative 
texts — is  a  very  similar  phenomenon  to 
what  goes  on  in  much  of  the  New  Testa- 
ment, like  the  Gospel  of  John." 

Sanders  believes  that  no  profound 
scholarly  surprises  are  in  sight  with  the 
freeing-up  of  scroll  material.  "Most  of  what 
has  not  been  published  are  fragments,  and 
it  is  an  enormous  task  to  match  and  put 
together  the  fragments.  So  it's  not  as  if  the 
people  who  have  been  sitting  on  this 
material  have  had  a  very  easy  task.  The 
point  is,  however,  that  when  you  are  faced 
with  a  task  that  difficult,  the  thing  to  do  is 
to  enlist  as  many  people  in  the  effort  as 
possible." 

The  closed-group  handling  of  the  scrolls 
represents  to  Sanders  "an  opportunity  for 
scholarly  fame  and  glory  that  unfortunately 
sometimes  tempts  people.  It's  unfortunate 
for  two  reasons.  One  is  that  it  won't  work. 
Other  scholars  will  always  find  something 
to  say.  The  second  is  that  it  delays  the 
assimilation  of  knowledge.  The  right  thing 
to  have  done  would  have  been  to  do  what 
is  now  being  done — that  is,  to  publish  pho- 
tographs of  the  scrolls,  so  that  keen  and 
tresh-eyed  younger  scholars  and  graduate 
students  could  have  a  go  at  the  material." 

And  observes  the  British-history  spe- 
cialist who  freed  the  Dead  Sea  Scrolls,  the 
Huntington  Library's  William  Moffett: 
"There's  a  lot  of  shoddy  scholarship  in  my 
field,  but  no  one  is  intimidated.  It's  true 
that  there  will  be  shoddy  scholarship 
introduced  around  the  scrolls.  But  no  field 
that  I  know  about  allows  people  in  only 
after  they've  proven  that  they're  anointed. 
The  idea  is  that  if  people  are  good,  they'll 
rise  to  the  top.  If  they're  not  good,  they'll 
get  smushed  in  a  hurry."  I 


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DUKE  BOOKS 


The  Fireman's  Fair 

B;y  Josephine  Humphreys   '67.   New  York: 
Viking,  1991.  263  pp.  $19.95  cloth. 


illiam  Black- 
burn's writ- 
ing classes, 
which  en- 
couraged un- 
dergraduate 
writers  like 
Reynolds 


w 

Price,  James  Applewhite,  and  Fred  Chap- 
pell,  have  long  been  legendary  at  Duke. 
But  Blackburn  also  did  much  to  advance 
the  cause  of  Duke  writers  in  a  couple  of 
anthologies  he  edited,  Under  Twenty-Five: 
Duke  Narrative  and  Verse,  1 945- 1962 
(1963)  and  A  Duke  Miscellany:  Narrative 
and  Verse  of  the  Sixties  (1970),  both  pub- 
lished by  Duke  University  Press. 

Some  of  the  names  in  these  books  aren't 
familiar  any  more,  but  a  surprising  number 
of  them  are.  The  first  anthology  opens 
with  William  Styron  '47  and  closes  with 
Price  '55,  and  includes  stories  or  poems  by 
Mac  Hyman  '47;  Wallace  Kaufman  '61; 
Applewhite  '58,  A.M.  '60,  Ph.D.  '69; 
Chappell  '61,  A.M.  '64;  and  Anne  Tyler 
'61 — one  of  the  most  popular  and  prolific 
Duke  writers  of  all.  But  for  the  second 
anthology,  the  lead-off  contributor  is  a 
woman  who  wouldn't  publish  her  first 
book  until  seventeen  years  after  graduating 
summa  cum  laude  from  Duke. 

That  woman  is  Josephine  Humphreys. 
William  Blackburn's  faith  in  her  talents, 
which  led  him  to  place  her  in  the  crucial 
initial  position  in  a  A  Duke  Miscellany,  was 
completely  justified.  She  wrote  a  terrific 
first  novel,  Dreams  of  Sleep,  which  won  all 
kinds  of  awards  and  praise;  she  wrote  an 
even  stronger  novel,  Rich  in  Love;  and  now 
she  has  written  a  third  novel,  The  Fire- 
man's Fair,  that  should  confirm  her  posi- 
tion as  one  of  the  finest  Duke,  or  South- 
ern, or  American  writers  we  have. 

All  of  Humphreys'  novels  are  Charleston 
novels,  set  in  and  around  the  city  where 
she  lives.  The  Fireman's  Fair  opens  with  per- 
haps the  biggest  event  in  that  city's  social 
calendar  during  the  past  century  or  so: 
Hurricane  Hugo,  that  violent  tourist  who 
left  Charleston  in  ruins. 


He  was  struck  by  a  certain  beauty  in 
the  scene,  the  beauty  that  comes  in 


any  aftermath  and  is  difficult  to  pin 
down.  Was  it  really  there,  in  the 
objects  themselves?  The  houses,  pink 
and  cream  and  gold,  looked  brighter 
than  normal,  sparkling  in  the  swept 
air.  The  bricks  of  St.  Mark's  had  dark- 
ened with  moisture,  to  a  deep  rust, 
and  the  tree  trunks  to  black.  The  har- 
bor glistened.  Or  was  all  that  shine  and 
tone  in  the  eyes  of  the  beholder? .  .  . 

The  beholder,  in  this  dazzled  and  daz- 
zling passage,  is  Rob  Wyatt,  the  book's 
central  figure,  a  man  whose  "specific  ruin" 
coincides  with  the  "general  ruin"  of  Hugo. 
In  the  storm's  aftermath,  he  resolves  to 
change  his  life,  to  become  a  new  man;  and 
so  he  quits  his  job  as  a  divorce  lawyer.  But 
what  feels  like  freedom  to  Rob,  a  new 
world  glistening  with  possibilities,  looks 
like  more  downward  mobility  to  his  par- 
ents and  friends,  who  have  seen  him  trade 
in  his  Alfa  for  a  Toyota  and  move  from  his 
expensive  condo  downtown  to  a  shabby 
beach  bungalow  on  the  Isle  of  Palms. 
True,  Rob  has  never  been  "a  money  man": 
He  prefers  watching  birds  and  collecting 
shells  and  walking  in  the  woods  and  read- 
ing and  thinking,  finding  beauty  where  no 
one  else  can  see  it.  But  even  so,  his  newly- 
reduced  situation  seems  critical.  As  Rob 
muses,  "Maybe  a  ruined  man  is  the  only 
free  man." 

Into  Rob's  "personal  chaos"  comes  Billie 
Poe,  a  direct  and  unaffected  young  woman 
who  asks  Rob  for  legal  advice  and  some- 
how ends  up  staying  at  his  place.  They 
make  a  very  odd  couple — the  "wacky  teen- 
age girl,"  the  "failed  attorney,"  both  of  them 
basically  sad  and  lonely  misfits — but  they 
work  well  together,  turn  out  to  be  good  for 
each  other.  And  Billie  is  especially  good 
for  Rob,  the  bachelor  who  has  always  had 
problems  with  women: 

Meeting  a  new  woman,  he  saw  more 
than  the  woman.  He  saw  a  whole  pos- 
sible life — into  which  he  entered, 
imaginatively,  on  the  spot.  Up  close  he 
took  a  glance  at  Billie,  her  clean  and 
healthy  eyes  over  the  glass  she  sipped 
from,  her  small  nervous  hands,  the 
strand  of  hair  across  her  cheek;  and 
he  was  hers.  They  would  eat  good 
food  together  and  drink  beers  in  a 
boat,  hike  the  Swamp  Fox  Trail  and 
have  some  children  and  send  them  to 


well-integrated  parochial  schools 
(Billie  would  have  a  benign  religious 
streak)  and  he  would  teach  her  the 
birds  and  they  would  make  love  in  the 
National  Forest.  .  .  . 

Once  Rob  gets  past  this  initial  fantasy 
about  Billie,  and  comes  to  know  and  love 
her,  he  sees  that  his  talent  for  imagining 
women  is  in  fact  a  curse,  a  lifelong  side- 
stepping of  more  complex  truths  about 
women  and  himself.  "Cast  away  imagina- 
tion," he  finally  instructs  himself:  "take  on 
the  habits  of  scrutiny  (an  eye  on  the  here 
and  now)  and  endeavor  (a  foot  in  the  here 
and  now).  Time  to  make  up  for  lost  time." 
Ironically,  by  the  time  Rob  reaches  this 
level  of  resolve,  his  past  imaginings  catch 
up  with  him,  threatening  to  snatch  him 
back  from  "the  brink  of  a  right  and  good 
life"  with  Billie.  And  so,  as  the  signs  of 
storm  damage  disappear  all  around  him,  he 
must  deal  with  the  internal  damage  and 
aftermath,  the  possibility  of  a  more  radi- 
cally changed  life  than  he  expected. 

The  Fireman's  Fair  is  about  change  on 
many  levels:  personal,  social,  municipal, 
regional.  All  around  Rob  and  his  loved 
ones,  all  around  Charleston  and  the  South, 
things  are  changing  fast;  and  Josephine 
Humphreys  beholds  the  certain  aftermath 
of  it  all,  "a  certain  beauty  in  the  scene." 
And  what  makes  her  so  good  is  not  just  that 
she  can  see  the  beauty  shining  through 
such  change,  and  express  it  in  gorgeous 
prose;  it's  that  she  possesses  a  kind  of  wis- 
dom about  it  all. 

Throughout  The  Fireman's  Fair,  there  are 
moments  of  remarkable  focus  and  perspec- 
tive, never  too  insistently  blinding  or  too 
subtly  dim,  passages  that  give  the  book  a 
steady  unforced  depth.  Midbook,  for  exam- 
ple, there's  a  sentence  whose  language  and 
meaning  quietly  recapitulate  and  antici- 
pate the  entire  novel.  "Midlife,"  writes 
Humphreys,  "there  is  a  little  death,  and  we 
inherit  ourselves  as  we  have  made  them." 
— Michael  McFee 


McFee  published  his  third  and  fourth  books  of  poetry 
this  fall:  Sad  Girl  Sitting  on  a  Running  Board 
(Gnomon  Press)  and  To  See,  a  collaboration  with 
photographer  Elizabeth  Matheson  (North  Carolina 
Wesleyan  College  Press).  He  is  book  editor  for 
Spectator  magazine  and  book  reviewer  for  Nation- 
al Public  Radio  station  WVNC-FM. 


Duke  Alumni  Association 

Distinguished  Alumni  Award 

The  Distinguished  Alumni  Award  is  the  highest  award  presented  by  the  Duke  Alumni  Association.  It  shall 
be  awarded  with  great  care  to  alumni  who  have  distinguished  themselves  by  contributions  that  they  have  made 
in  their  own  particular  fields  of  work,  or  in  service  to  Duke  University,  or  in  the  betterment  of  humanity.  All 
alumni,  other  than  current  Duke  employees,  are  eligible  for  consideration. 

All  nominations  should  be  addressed  to  the  Awards  and  Recognition  Committee,  Alumni  House,  614  Chapel 
Drive,  Durham,  NC  27706.  Nominations  received  by  August  31  will  be  considered  by  the  Committee.  All 
background  information  on  the  candidates  must  be  compiled  by  the  individual  submitting  the  nomination. 

NOMINEE: Class: 

ADDRESS: 


FIELD  OF  ACHIEVEMENT: 


DESCRIPTION  OF  ACCOMPLISHMENTS 

(Please  attach  curriculum  vitae,  letters  of  recommendation,  and  other  supporting  documents): 


Submitted  by: Phone: 

(Day) 

Address:  


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PRESIDENTS,  SCHOOL 
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chairman;  Frederick  F.  Andrews 
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MARCH- 
APRIL  1992 


VOLUME  78 
NUMBER  3 


Cover:  As  director  of  the  Na- 
tional Humanities  Center  at  Re- 
search Triangle  Park,  W.  Robert 
Connor  provides  a  fresh  angle 
on  scholarly  pursuit  and  a  haven 
tor  faculty  endeavors.  Photo  by 
Jim  Wallace 


FEATURES 


SCHOLARS  UNDER  GLASS  by  Robert].  Bliwise  2 

The  National  Humanities  Center,  which  annually  invites  a  group  of  academics  to  work  on 
individual  projects,  calls  itself  "the  only  major  independent  institute  in  the  United  States 
dedicated  to  advanced  study  in  the  humanities" 

TAKING  ON  THE  WORLD  by  Bridget  Booher  8 

Past  recipients  of  the  four  most  widely  renowned  academic  awards — the  Rhodes,  Fulhright, 
Marshall,  and  Luce  scholarships — reveal  how  the  distinction  changed  their  lives 

IT'S  NOT  THAT  EASY  BEING  GREEN  byLisaHazirjian  14 

With  cars  crowding  campus  lots  and  trash  bins  overflowing,  the  campus  can  seem  like  an 
environmental  disaster;  but  a  new  consciousness  may  be  taking  hold 

MAN  OF  THE  MIDWAY  byJohnManuel  37 

James  E.  Strates  manages  a  small  city  on  the  move:  a  multi-million-dollar  enterprise  with  nearly 
300  employees,  seventy-five  carnival  rides,  100  concessions,  and  the  heavy  equipment  needed 
to  move  it  up  and  down  the  East  Coast 

PERCEPTION  VERSUS  REALITY  by  Stephen  Nathans  46 

The  results  are  in:  According  to  an  alumni  survey,  two-thirds  think  Duke  has  changed  tor  the 
better  since  their  own  graduation.  Does  pride,  though,  translate  into  understanding? 

DEPARTMENTS 

RETROSPECTIVES  32 

First  medical  students  graduate,  first  January  freshmen  arrive,  last  Dope  Shop  shake  shook 


FORUM 

Advertising  errors,  "Duke"  dilemmas,  fraternity  "exclusions" 


GAZETTE 

Brodie  stepping  down,  Columbus  stepping  out,  tuition  stepping  ahead 


BOOKS 

Bevington's  Bo  Tree,  black  aristocracy's  roots 


34 
^•2 


DUKE  PERSPECTIVES 


SCHOLARS 
UNDER 


BY  ROBERT  J.  BLI WISE 


THE  NATIONAL  HUMANITIES  CENTER: 


A  COMMUNITY  FOR  THOUGHT 


"The  greenhouse  is  not  an  entirely  bad  symbol,"  says 
the  center's  director,  W.  Robert  Connor,  "because 
what  we  provide  is  a  somewhat  protected  environ- 
ment  for  certain  kinds  of  inquiry  that  might  other- 
wise have  a  hard  time  of  it." 


Several  years  ago  Alice  Kaplan 
asked  herself  a  tough  question: 
Why  would  anyone  take  up  the 
study  of  a  language?  It  was  actually 
a  tougher,  and  more  personal,  question 
than  that:  Why  did  Kaplan  herself  choose 
to  become  a  scholar  and  teacher  of  French? 
That  self-probing  led  to  what  Kaplan, 
associate  professor  of  Romance  studies  at 
Duke,  calls  her  "memoir  about  learning 
French."  She  found  herself  explaining  the 
leap  into  languages  as  "much  more  than 
the  desire  to  communicate.  There's  the 
equally  powerful  desire  to  escape,  to  lead  a 
kind  of  double-agent  existence  in  strad- 
dling two  cultures."  And  she  found  still- 
vivid  impressions  from  her  childhood  taking 
on  new  significance,  like  her  fascination 
with  Jacqueline  Kennedy's  French-lan- 
guage conversing  with  Charles  de  Gaulle. 
If  every  little  girl  wanted  to  grow  up  to  be 
Jackie,  wouldn't  every  little  girl  want  to 
grow  up  cultured — French-cultured,  in 
particular? 


The  memoir  challenged  her,  she  writes  in 
an  essay  about  the  project,  "to  say  what  hap- 
pened to  my  identity  when  my  language 
changed  from  English  to  French,  to  say  what 
it  has  meant  to  me  to  take  on  the  attri- 
butes of  French  culture,  as  a  student,  then 
as  a  professor,  to  imagine  what  my  second 
identity  has  to  do  with  myself  and  my  fam- 
ily, how  new  selves,  new  families  emerge 
in  a  second  language....  Above  all,  writing 
about  learning  French  has  challenged  me 
to  write  out  of  my  own  love  and  my  expe- 
rience— rather  than  as  a  distant  expert." 

In  the  1989-90  academic  year,  Kaplan 
got  the  chance  to  give  her  intensely  per- 
sonal intellectual  history — with  the  work- 
ing title  "Confessions  of  a  Francophile" — 
shape  and  substance.  She  was  one  of  thirty- 
five  scholars  accepted  for  a  fellowship  that 
year  at  the  National  Humanities  Center. 
There  she  spent  time  reading  French  novels 
of  the  Eighties  and  studies  of  second-lan- 
guage acquisition,  explored  genres  previ- 
ously unknown  to  her,  like  the  language 


Connor: 
cultivating 
bright  ideas 


..!.;...■"■  ,■  '■     -v-"  ■•■:■■  " 


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memoir,  and  reacquainted  herself  with  the 
French  texts  she  had  used  in  her  elemen- 
tary-school days.  Prodded  by  her  fellow 
scholars-in-residence,  she  discovered  works 
that  were  seemingly  inconsequential  or  ir- 
relevant— including  an  autobiographical 
treatment  of  sports  as  a  dominant  meta- 
phor in  life — but  that  ultimately  helped 
shape  the  direction  of  her  thinking  and  her 
writing. 

And  she  found  unexpected  connections 
with  other  projects- in-progress  at  the  cen- 
ter. Her  interest  in  the  art  of  conversation, 
for  example,  overlapped  with  a  philoso- 
pher's interest  in  the  dialogue  form;  and 
together,  she  and  the  philosopher  read 
through  Plato's  Meno. 

A  building  that  resembles  nothing  so 
much  as  a  sprawling,  sharply-angled  green- 
house— an  image  that  gives  new  literalness 
to  the  idea  of  "scholarly  growth" — the 
National  Humanities  Center  is  across  from 
the  pharmaceutical  giant  Glaxo  in  North 
Carolina's  Research  Triangle  Park.  Indi- 
vidual offices  for  the  scholars  surround  the 
large  glass-enclosed  common  area.  It's  an 
architectural  arrangement,  as  Kaplan  puts 
it,  that  allows  easy  transitions  between 
"solitude  and  companionship,"  both  states 
of  being  presumably  vital  to  the  enterprise 
of  scholarship. 

The  center  was  established  in  1978  under 
the  auspices  of  the  American  Academy  of 


Arts  and  Sciences.  Each  year  it  assembles  a 
group  of  scholars,  including  a  few  from 
other  countries,  who  represent  a  range  of 
disciplines,  ages,  and  home  institutions. 
Most  of  them  are  faculty  members  on 
leave,  who — after  a  competitive  process — 
have  been  invited  to  work  there  on  indi- 
vidual projects,  usually  book  manuscripts. 

Not  part  of  the  National  Endowment 
for  the  Humanities  or  any  other  govern- 
ment agency,  the  center  calls  itself  "the 
only  major  independent  institute  in  the 
United  States  dedicated  to  advanced  study 
in  all  fields  of  the  humanities."  (The  center 
does  get  some  funding  from  the  National 
Endowment,  through  the  usual  grant- 
application  process.  Its  other  main  sources 
of  support  are  earnings  from  its  own  endow- 
ment, foundation  and  corporate  grants,  and 
institutional  and  individual  donations. 
Most  of  its  scholars-in-residence  contribute 
something  toward  their  stay  with  outside 
grant  money.)  It  is  also  one  of  the  most 
conspicuous  joint  involvements  of  the  Tri- 
angle universities:  the  University  of  North 
Carolina  at  Chapel  Hill,  North  Carolina 
State  University,  and  Duke,  which  are  co- 
founders  and  continuing  contributors.  The 
Triangle  Universities  Center  for  Advanced 
Studies,  Inc.  (TUCASI)  owns  the  land  in- 
habited by  the  National  Humanities  Cen- 
ter, and  by  the  North  Carolina  Biotech- 
nology Center  that's  just  down  the  road. 


Says  the  center's  development  officer, 
Robert  E.  Wright  77,  Ph.D.  '86:  "The 
Research  Triangle  Park  was  one  of  seven- 
teen places  around  the  country  that  the 
center's  founders  looked  at  seriously  as  a 
possible  location.  One  of  the  reasons  they 
brought  it  here  was  because  of  the  cooper- 
ation of  the  three  universities.  They  also 
found  it  attractive  that  the  center  would 
not  be  absorbed  into  a  single  university, 
that  it  would  maintain  its  own  identity  but 
still  have  a  strong  relationship  with  the 
academic  community." 

Since  the  fall  of  1989,  W.  Robert  Connor 
has  been  director  of  the  center;  a  classicist 
who  taught  at  Princeton,  Connor  now  has 
an  appointment  in  the  classics  department 
at  Duke.  What  the  National  Humanities 
Center  can  do  for  scholars,  he  says,  is  what 
even  nationally-ranked  research  universities 
can't  do,  at  least  readily — break  down  de- 
partmental boundaries.  "Scholars  here  can 
talk  to  and  learn  from  their  colleagues  in  a 
way  that  is  very  difficult  on  their  individual 
campuses.  Basically,  universities  function 
through  departmental  structures.  Those 
structures  aren't  accidental — they  work,  and 
they  produce  very  substantial  benefits.  But 
like  any  structure,  they  have  their  limits. 
The  frame  of  conversation  in  most  depart- 
ments is  too  narrow  to  be  sufficient.  It's  not 
sufficient  to  formulate  the  kinds  of  ques- 
tions that  need  to  be  thought  about  both  in 


tiiAiiif.i'^^^'^^^ivi^tJtv.'j.'Jii^';^ 


Forethought.  At  Governors  Club,  every  aspect  of  our  exceptional 
community  reflects  careful  planning  and  a  deep  commitment  tc 
quality.  Already,  our  1 8  hole  championship  lack  Nicklaus  designed  golf 
course  has  been  nominated  as  one  of  the  best  new  private  courses  in  America 
for  1991  in  Golf  Digest1.  And  at  Governors  Club,  each  of  our  distinctive  homesites 
portrays  our  "view"  on  excellence,  as  well  Many  directly  overlook  our  spectacula: 


«■        course  Others  are  nestled  within  our  lush  woodlands,  or  are  perfectly 

f     sited  beside  one  of  our  peaceful  lakes.  Still  more  are  tucked  beautifully 

along  the  picturesque  inclines  of  Edwards  Mountain.  Additionally,  each  of 

our  stately  custom  homes,  created  by  some  of  the  Triangle's  finest  home  builders, 

is  master-crafted  to  meet  the  most  exacting  standards. 

Add  our  24-hour  attended  gatehouse  entry,  private  Swim  &  Tennis  Club, 


Obtain  Itie  Property  Report  required  by  federal  I: 


it  belore  signing  ar  '.:  :-j^.  j:;r.:,  "^  udged  the  merits  o 


/.  ot  this  property.  This  is  not  an  offer  where  registration  is  reguired  prior  to  any  offer  being  made 


the  curriculum  and  in  serious  scholarship." 
The  center  has  drawn  almost  500  schol- 
ars-in-residence  since  1978,  about  a  third 
of  them  defined  as  "younger  scholars"  no 
more  than  ten  years  beyond  the  Ph.D.  His- 
tory is  the  dominant  field  represented,  fol- 
lowed by  English  and  American  literature, 
and  then  philosophy;  there  have  also  been 
scholars  from  biochemistry,  journalism, 
semiotics,  and  medical  anthropology,  along 
with  a  single  professor  of  engineering — 
Duke's  Henry  Petroski,  who  used  his  time 
at  the  center  to  write  his  anecdotal  history 
ot  the  pencil.  For  its  younger  candidates, 
says  associate  director  Kent  Mullikin,  the 
center  looks  to  the  academic  "who  is  serv- 
ing on  three  or  four  committees,  who  has  a 
heavy  teaching  load,  and  who  needs  time 
to  write  the  definitive  book  in  a  scholar's 
career — which  is  often  the  second  book, 
the  point  when  he  breaks  free  from  his 
graduate  supervisor  and  really  tries  some- 
thing more  independent." 

For  the  coming  academic  year,  the  cen- 
ter attracted  565  applications.  Two  weeks 
after  the  mid-October  deadline,  Mullikin 
sent  each  application  to  three  specialists 
among  a  group  of  some  300  volunteer  "first 
readers."  The  narrowed  list  of  100  to  150 
goes  to  a  selection  committee  that  meets 
during  a  February  weekend  at  the  center. 
"You  know  that  each  year  you're  going  to 
get  the  majority  of  your  applications  from 


National  Humanities  Center:  southern  exposure  for  humanists 


the  research  universities,"  Mullikin  says, 
but  the  center  also  draws  from  "the  smaller 
and  relatively  unknown  places."  Duke  has 
had  about  three  dozen  center-based  schol- 
ars. Mullikin  attributes  that  representation 
not  to  any  home-town  advantage,  but  to 
the  center's  reputation  within  its  own 
"neighborhood." 

Mullikin  echoes  Connor's  theme  of 
scholarly  community,  and  also  talks  about 
scholarly  serendipity.  "Some  people  come 


here  and  say,  well,  I  really  just  want  to  con- 
centrate on  my  own  work  for  my  year  off. 
And  in  many  cases,  the  revelation  is  that 
there  are  so  many  interesting  things  to  be 
learned  from  people  in  other  fields.  It  hap- 
pens almost  every  day — sometimes  over 
the  lunch  table. 

"This  year  an  art  historian  was  interested 
in  Renaissance  paintings,  including  the 
portrayal  of  landscape.  And  there  was  a 
young  Medieval  literary  scholar  interested 


plans  for  a  magnificent  Clubhouse,  and  exceptional  location  on  1600  rolling 
acres  just  5  miles  from  charming  downtown  Chapel  Hill  —  and  you'll  discov- 
er that  the  essence  of  quality  has  truly  been  brought  to  the  forefront  at 
Governors  Club 

For  more  information,  call  1-800-925-0085  toll-free.  Locally,  dial 
(919)  968-8500  Or  simply  return  our  coupon 


Address 
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PO  Box26l5»Dept  DM  •  Chapel  Hill  NC  27515-2615 


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e  merits  or  value  ol  Ihe  protect  Obtain  ana  read  Ihe  N  J  Public  (Meting  Stalemenl  before  signing  anything 


*   a 


m 


a 


**:» 


•0mW: 


Light  on  learning:  an  architectural  an 

in  conceptions  of  geography  of  the  Middle 
Ages,  what  people  imagined  the  world  to 
look  like  in  the  thirteenth  and  fourteenth 
centuries  and  what  they  envisioned  when 
they  looked  at  maps.  There  are  a  couple  of 
agricultural  historians,  one  who  works  on 
eighteenth-century  America  and  another 
who  works  on  twentieth-century  Ethiopia, 
and  there's  another  interested  in  the  history  I 
of  native  Americans  from  1500  to  1800.  All  j 
of  these  people — and  they're  a  very  diverse  | 
group — discovered  that  they  had  in  com- 
mon an  interest  in  the  way  people  relate  to 
the  land.  So  together  they've  been  looking 
at  everything  from  Medieval  maps,  to 
Christopher  Columbus'  journal  with  an  eye 
to  what  it  said  about  the  concept  of  geog- 
raphy in  1492,  to  works  about  farming  in 
eighteenth-century  America." 

The  National  Humanities  Center  extends 
its  reach  beyond  college  and  university 
faculty:  Since  1984,  it  has  organized  theme- 
centered  summer  programs  for  high  school 
teachers.  In  1991,  the  center  involved 
twenty  teachers  in  its  three-week  institute, 
"The  Colonial  Experience:  A  Framework  for 
Teaching  Non- Western  History."  Applica- 
tions came  from  about  200  teachers  from 
across  the  country.  This  summer,  it  will  re- 
peat that  theme,  along  with  a  new  institute 
meant  to  help  English  teachers  integrate 
biographies  of  authors  into  their  teaching. 


-mm 


:  that  allows  easy  transitions  between  solitude  and  companionship 


The  institutes  are  led  by  the  center's  past 
scholars. 

Despite  the  advertised  tie-in  to  teaching 
strategies,  the  institutes  involve  extensive 
and  intensive  reading  and  discussion. 
They're  patterned  more  on  graduate  semi- 
nars than  on  curriculum-development  ses- 
sions. "We  think  it  is  important  for  people 
who  are  teaching  in  any  subject  to  know  a 
good  deal  about  what  they  are  teaching," 
says  Richard  Schramm,  the  center's  execu- 
tive associate.  "Now  that  sounds  pretty 
self-evident,  but  that's  not  necessarily  a 
universally  accepted  idea  in  secondary 
education.  People  think  that  once  they've 
gotten  out  of  college,  they've  gotten  all  of 
their  education,  and  they  don't  need  to 
stay  abreast  of  what  they're  doing  in  their 
discipline.  The  teaching  profession  defines 
professional  knowledge  pretty  much  in 
terms  of  pedagogy — classroom  manage- 
ment, that  sort  of  thing.  The  profession 
really  does  not  make  any  provisions  to 
address  the  intellectual  needs  of  teachers. 
We  feel  we  can  help  address  those  needs, 
because  we  have  access  to  some  outstand- 
ing scholars.  This  is  the  only  institute  for 
advanced  research  that  I  know  of  that 
makes  a  direct  connection  between  schol- 
arship and  teaching." 

The  summer  programs  aim  to  duplicate 
the  character  of  the  scholars-in-residence 


program,  says  Schramm.  "When  the  schol- 
ars come  here,  the  academy  hierarchy  is 
leveled.  You  don't  have  to  worry  about 
politics:  Nobody's  going  to  vote  on  any- 
body's tenure.  Once  the  teachers  come 
and  see  that  this  place  is  not  some  big,  pre- 
tentious, puffy  academic  institution,  then 
they  relax  very  quickly.  They're  wandering 
around  exchanging  ideas,  talking  to  each 
other,  talking  to  the  faculty." 

Schramm  admits  that  the  intellectually 
energizing  summer  atmosphere  may  pro- 
duce a  tough  period  of  decompression  back 
at  the  home  high  school.  But  ultimately, 
he  says,  the  experience  provides  a  route  to 
professional  self-renewal.  "The  first  year, 
after  we  sent  the  teachers  home,  I  thought, 
God,  they're  all  euphoric  now;  what  are 
they  going  to  be  like  in  a  few  months?  We 
brought  them  back  the  following  spring  for 
a  weekend  evaluation.  They  were  still 
euphoric.  The  experience  they  had  here 
generally  makes  them  feel  much  better 
about  the  teaching  profession.  It  really 
charges  them  up  and  gives  them  the 
strength  to  go  on.  We've  had  a  number  of 
teachers  tell  us  that  this  program  staved  off 
the  burnout  that  was  driving  them  out  of 
the  profession." 

Not  everyone,  though,  is  saved  for  the 
profession.  James  Blitch  '87  went  through 
the  1988  summer  history  institute,  just  a 


year  after  graduating  from  Duke.  He  taught 
at  a  Pittsburgh  private  school  for  three 
years,  earned  a  master's  in  Southern  history 
at  the  University  of  Virginia,  began  teach- 
ing English-language  skills  to  business 
leaders  and  other  professionals  in  Czech- 
oslovakia this  winter,  and  now  is  applying 
to  law  school. 

The  youngest  invited  to  the  1988  insti- 
tute, Blitch  was  one  of  twenty  who  steeped 
themselves  in  "The  Idea  of  the  Republic," 
from  ancient  Greece,  to  the  Italian  Renais- 
sance, and  then  to  early  America.  In 
Czechoslovakia,  he  says  "I'm  looking  at  the 
idea  of  a  republic  all  over  again.  I'm  expe- 
riencing a  country  that  is  in  some  respects 
just  two  years  old,  with  communism  being 
dismantled  right  in  front  of  my  eyes." 

An  intellectually  substantive  summer 
encounter  is  "absolutely  necessary  for  older 
teachers  who  may  have  fallen  into  the  dan- 
gerous routine  of  teaching  the  same  thing 
year  in  and  year  out,"  says  Blitch.  "This  is  a 
chance  for  them  to  discover  again  the  joy 
of  learning  for  the  sake  of  learning."  And 
for  the  novice,  "This  was  an  excellent  op- 
portunity to  listen  to  seasoned  teachers  talk 
about  how  to  manage  the  classroom,  how 
they  can  take  these  intellectual  ideas  and 
distill  them  so  that  high  school  students 
will  find  them  interesting." 

The  center  is  extending  the  summer 
institute  idea  into  a  secondary  school  part- 
nership. Later  this  year,  it  will  work  with 
history  and  English  teachers  at  an  area 
public  high  school — a  "laboratory"  school 
that  will  serve  as  a  model  for  later  ven- 
tures— to  shape  an  in-school  seminar. 

"The  faculty  determines  their  own  intel- 
lectual needs,"  says  Schramm.  "They  don't 
have  an  expert  coming  in  and  saying,  well, 
you've  got  to  know  this.  It  starts  with 
them.  They  get  together  and  they  say,  we 
want  to  learn  more  about  the  American 
identity,  or  we  want  to  learn  more  about 
how  the  media  work,  or  we  want  to  learn 
more  about  the  nature  of  being  Southern. 
And  then  we  proceed  from  that  interest, 
defined  by  them,  to  broker  the  intellectual 
resources  to  help  them  address  it.  This 
isn't  a  curriculum  development  program. 
This  is  a  project  for  teachers  to  meet  their 
intellectual  interests.  Nobody's  ever  said 
that  to  teachers  before." 

Publications  from  the  center  advertise  it 
as  providing  "a  national  focus"  for  the 
humanities;  and  there's  more  than  a  bit  of 
the  humanistic  proselytizer  in  director 
Connor.  The  place  of  the  humanities  in 
American  society  may  be  increasingly 
murky,  but  it's  increasingly  important,  he 
says.  If  America's  Soviet  experts  were  slow 
to  perceive  the  breakup  of  the  Soviet 
empire,  that's  in  part,  he  says,  because  of 
their  tendency  to  devalue  the  humanities. 

"In  the  Kremlinologists,  you  had  people 


"This  is  the  only  institute 

for  advanced  research 

that  I  know  of  that 

makes  a  direct 

connection  between 

scholarship  and 

teaching." 


who  thought  that  the  United  States  ought 
to  shape  its  foreign  policy  by  observation  of 
the  power  structure  of  the  Soviet  Union. 
This  is  not  a  humanistic  approach;  and  it 
turned  out  to  be  totally  bankrupt.  Its 
bankruptcy  was  a  function  of  the  bank- 
ruptcy of  the  people  who  were  running  the 
Kremlin.  People  with  deeply  humanistic 
concerns — people  who  understood  Russian 
history,  who  understood  the  ethics  of  that 
society,  who  understood  how  social  values 
and  economic  policy  interact — simply  had 
no  voice  in  formulating  policy.  They  were 
marginalized  in  the  United  States,  just  as 
their  counterparts  were  marginalized  in 
the  Soviet  Union." 

Connor  says  he  doesn't  feel  pessimistic 
about  the  humanities  in  American  life, 
though  he's  sensitive  to  the  familiar  sign- 
posts of  cultural  drift — the  shrinking  of  the 
national  attention  span,  a  lackluster  na- 
tional leadership,  declining  educational 
standards.  In  the  sphere  of  American  stud- 
ies, "We  can  say  the  old  model  has  crum- 
bled— a  very  white,  male,  New  England- 
oriented  model.  It's  not  clear  what  will 
grow  out  of  the  present  fragmentation."  At 
the  center's  fall  conference  on  "The  Idea 
of  a  Civil  Society,"  visitors  and  scholars- 
in-residence  from  Eastern  Europe  "were 
looking  to  America's  so-called  founding 
fathers,"  Connor  says.  "They  were  think- 
ing about  the  American  Constitution, 
about  ideas  like  government  by  the  con- 
sent of  the  governed" — themes  that  didn't 
produce  the  same  passion  from  the  Ameri- 
can participants. 

Reflecting  on  a  trip  to  Russia  last  year, 
Connor  sees  warning  signs  for  an  Ameri- 
can society  with  little  left  to  hold  it 
together.  "What  I  picked  up  on  was  how 
pernicious,  how  destructive,  how  danger- 
ous it  could  be  when  a  well-established 
ideology  fragments,  and  where  there's 
nothing  very  adequate  to  replace  it.  Rus- 
sians whom  I  met  were  saying  that  they 
feared  being  sucked  into  that  vacuum. 
Hence,  nationalism,  anti-Semitism,  belief 
in  visits  from  space,  every  kind  of  crazy 


notion  that  you  could  possibly  imagine, 
gets  drawn  in.  There  were  some  cases  in 
Athenian  civilization  when  that  happened. 
These  are  dangerous  periods,  but  depending 
on  what  forms  of  reintegration  take  place, 
they  can  be  very  creative." 

In  a  February  Chronicle  of  Higher  Educa- 
tion essay,  Connor  observes:  "The  longest 
queue  that  I  saw  was  not  in  front  of  a  food 
or  clothing  store  but  before  the  splendid 
new  Tretiakof  gallery,  where  a  display  of 
Russian  icons  had  been  arranged  to  coin- 
cide with  the  opening  of  the  Byzantine 
Congress."  He  writes  of  encountering  deep 
"concern  about  humanistic  education  in 
Russia  and  the  other  Republics....  This 
coincides  with  the  recognition  that  some 
of  the  country's  basic  problems  arise  from 
long-standing  attitudes  and  social  values 
that  must  be  changed  if  the  economy  is  to 
flourish.  Intellectuals  pointed  to  the  need  to 
cultivate  the  acceptance  of  personal  re- 
sponsibility and  initiative,  the  idea  of  ex- 
ceptional rewards  for  exceptional  perfor- 
mance, the  understanding  of  what  an 
independent  judicial  system  means,  the 
value  of  mutual  assistance,  and  the  toler- 
ance of  ethnic  and  religious  minorities." 

Despite  concerns  about  American  soci- 
ety's slowness  to  embrace  the  humanities, 
Connor  sees  humanistic  scholarship  as 
proceeding  energetically.  "There's  more  of 
it  than  ever.  You  could  say  there  are  more 
purely  technical  monographs  being  written 
on  narrowly  conceived  subjects.  But  the 
broad-gauged,  thoughtful  work  of  scholar- 
ship that  engages  real  human  concerns  has 
always  been  an  endangered  species,  for  all 
sorts  of  reasons — the  structures  of  advance- 
ment in  the  university,  publication  pat- 
terns, the  fact  that  we  all  find  it  a  lot  easier 
to  do  a  specific  piece  of  work  where  we're 
more  likely  to  get  it  right." 

In  its  selection  process,  Connor  says,  the 
National  Humanities  Center  tries  to  seek 
out  "the  work  that  really  has  the  interesting 
reverberations.  The  greenhouse  is  not  an 
entirely  bad  symbol,  because  what  we  pro- 
vide is  a  somewhat  protected  environment 
for  certain  kinds  of  inquiry  that  might  oth- 
erwise have  a  hard  time  of  it." 

The  scholarship  of  the  center  travels 
beyond  that  protected  environment 
through  its  weekly  radio  show,  Soundings. 
Highlighting  the  work  of  the  center's  resi- 
dential scholars  and  visitors,  the  show  is 
heard  nationwide,  mostly  on  National  Pub- 
lic Radio  stations.  Its  host  and  producer 
through  more  than  600  broadcasts,  Wayne 
Pond,  sees  Soundings  as  a  forum  for  drawing 
out  scholars  on  their  work  and  ideas.  This 
winter,  Duke's  Thomas  Lahusen,  associate 
professor  of  Slavic  languages  and  litera- 
tures, joined  a  discussion  on  "Soviet  Cul- 
ture in  Transition,"  which  looked  at  the 
Continued  on  page  40 


DUKE-  PERSPEC  1 1  VES 


TAKING 


on 
be. 


THE  SMART  SET  ABROAD: 


INTELLECTUAL  AWARDS  AND  REWARDS 

BY  BRIDGET  BOOHER 

What  qualities  must  a  person  possess 
to  win  a  prestigious  academic 
scholarship?  Does  being  named 
a  Fulbright  or  Rhodes  scholar  guarantee  success 
in  life?  Is  receiving  a  Luce  award  or  Marshall 
scholarship  the  sign  of  true  genius?  What  are  the 
drawbacks,  if  any,  to  being  identified  as  having 
the  intellectual  potential  to  excel? 


In  the  highly  competitive  climate  for  na- 
tional graduate  scholarships,  Duke  students 
have  fared  quite  well.  We  asked  recipients 
of  the  four  most  widely  renowned  academic 
awards  how  the  distinction  changed  their 
lives. 

RHODES 

When  he  was  five  years  old,  Byron 
Trauger  sat  on  his  grandfather's  lap  and 
listened  while  the  older  man  told  the  boy 
how  wonderful  it  would  be  if  the  child  one 
day  became  a  Rhodes  Scholar.  Although 
Trauger  '71  had  no  inkling  at  the  time 
what  a  Rhodes  Scholar  was  or  did,  he 
knew  that  if  his  grandfather  thought  it  was 
important,  so  did  he. 

"My  grandfather  only  attended  one  year 
of  college  before  dropping  out  to  serve  in 
World  War  II,"  says  Trauger.  "But  he  had 
a  lifelong  love  of  learning,  and  could  recite 
stanzas  and  stanzas  of  poetry.  When  he 
found  out  I'd  won,  he  beamed.  He  was 
very  pleased." 


A  history  major  at  Duke,  Trauger  was  in 
his  first  year  at  Yale  Law  School  when  he 
learned  he'd  won  the  chance  to  study  at 
Oxford.  He  seized  the  opportunity  to  pur- 
sue Latin  American  studies,  an  interest 
sparked  while  spending  time  in  Peru  as  an 
undergraduate,  but  one  that  he  hadn't 
planned  to  explore  professionally.  Trauger's 
three  years  at  Oxford,  he  says,  "deepened 
my  sense  of  gratitude  and  responsibility  to 
make  a  difference.  Cecil  Rhodes  saw  it  as  a 
way  for  young  men  and  women  'to  carry 
on  the  world's  fight.'  That  may  be  a 
pompous  way  of  saying  it,  but  it's  true." 

Now  a  general  practice  lawyer  and  part- 
ner for  a  Nashville,  Tennessee,  firm,  Trauger 
has  kept  in  touch  with  a  number  of  fellow 
Rhodes  scholars,  including  Democratic 
presidential  candidate  Bill  Clinton.  "Al- 
though we  weren't  Rhodes  scholars  at  the 
same  time,  we  were  in  law  school  together 
and  he  recommended  I  attend  University 
College,  where  he'd  studied.  We've  been 
friends  ever  since." 


While  Trauger  was  aware  of  the  Rhodes' 
cachet  from  an  early  age,  other  eventual 
winners  came  to  the  program  much  later. 
At  the  last  minute,  and  without  much 
confidence  that  he  would  be  chosen,  John 
Bowers  '71  filled  out  an  application  the 
year  after  graduation.  That  year,  Bowers 
was  one  of  three  Duke  students  to  win  the 
esteemed  prize,  an  experience  that  shaped 
his  personal  and  professional  life. 

As  a  Program  II  undergraduate — he 
designed  his  own  interdisciplinary  major — 
Bowers  studied  linguistics,  languages, 
music,  and  literature,  with  an  emphasis  on 
James  Joyce.  At  Oxford,  Bowers  says  he 
found  himself  in  the  midst  of  "a  wonderful 
array  of  medieval  scholars,"  and  switched  his 
academic  focus  accordingly.  He  now  teaches 
in  the  English  department  at  the  Universi- 
ty of  Nevada,  Las  Vegas. 

In  retrospect,  the  Rhodes  seems  to  have 
influenced  Bowers  at  several  points  in  his 
career.  A  graduate  school  professor  and 
former  Rhodes  Scholar  was  the  first  to  urge 
Bowers  to  try  for  the  scholarship.  After 
completing  his  studies  at  Oxford,  Bowers 
was  hired  by  Princeton's  English  depart- 
ment chair,  also  a  Rhodes  man.  And  dur- 
ing a  recent  interview,  the  one  item  the 
commentator  singled  out  on  Bowers'  three- 
page  curriculum  vitae  was  his  Oxford  honor. 

"Many  people  considered  Marshall  win- 
ners to  be  more  directed,"  he  says.  "But  the 
Rhodes  had  greater  public  renown."  Part  of 
that  visibility  may  be  tied  to  the  Rhodes' 
requirement  that  its  applicants  have  inter- 
ests outside  the  classroom,  including  a  profi- 
ciency at  sports.  Bowers'  contemporaries  in- 
cluded former  basketball  player  and  U.S. 
Congressman  Tom  McMillen,  the  Los  An- 
geles Rams'  Pat  Hayden,  and  Olympic  fig- 
ure skater  John  Misha  Petkevitch. 

"I  wasn't  much  of  an  athlete,"  Bowers 
admits.  "But  after  winning  the  Rhodes  I 
felt  [self-imposed]  pressure  to  become  more 
athletic.  I  became  an  avid  squash  player, 
earned  a  brown  belt  in  karate,  and  took  up 
long-distance  running." 

But  non-jock  Bowers  was  in  good  com- 
pany. One  of  his  Oxford  peers,  a  woman 
everyone  called  "Pinky,"  went  on  to  make 
a  name  for  herself  on  political  rather  than 


WORLD 


recreational  playing  fields:  former  Pak- 
istani prime  minister  Benazir  Bhutto. 

Once  they  arrive  at  Oxford,  students  are 
encouraged  to  continue  developing  the 
broad  range  of  interests  that  helped  land 
them  the  scholarships  in  the  first  place. 
While  his  stateside  colleagues  were  toiling 
away  single-mindedly  at  their  medical 
school  studies,  Clifton  R.  Cleaveland  '58 
took  in  plays  and  concerts,  discussed  cur- 
rent events  with  peers  and  non-med  stu- 
dents alike,  and  found  a  place  on  a  college 
crew  team. 

"Unlike  the  monastic  experience  of 
American  medical  students,  Oxford  medics 
could  participate  fully  in  the  life  of  that 
wonderful  university,"  says  Cleaveland,  an 
internal-medicine  physician  now  living  in 
Chattanooga,  Tennessee.  After  Oxford's 
tutorial  system,  which  featured  twice- 
weekly,  one-on-one  exchanges  with  tutors 
on  specific  subjects,  Cleaveland  says  the 
remainder  of  his  American  training  came 
as  a  shock. 

"I  felt  that  I  had  been  exiled  to  Siberia," 
he  says  of  his  final  med  school  years  at 
Johns  Hopkins.  "My  English  experience 
showed  me  that  medical  students  can  be 
treated  as  people  and  can  indeed  benefit 
from  experiencing  the  humanities,  as  well 
as  sports,  as  their  studies  continue."  A  first- 
hand look  at  the  British  National  Health 
Service  was  also  valuable,  Cleaveland  says, 
particularly  now  that  "our  own  country 
lurches  toward  some  sort  of  national  health 
system." 

Although  Cleaveland  admits  he  felt 
weighted  down  "by  the  tremendous  obliga- 
tions" of  the  scholarship,  his  recollections  of 
Oxford  are  auspicious.  "My  favorite  memory 
is  of  Monday  evening  physiology  tutorials, 
which  occurred  after  dinner  in  a  cold  room 
before  an  open  fire  with  a  glass  of  port  in  my 
hand.  I  have  never  felt  sleepier  in  my  life." 

Although  he  is  less  expansive  about  the 
Rhodes'  influence  on  his  life,  Guy  Daven- 
port has  claim  to  academic  and  literary 
achievements  that  testify  to  his  talents. 
Once,  Davenport  '48  summarized  his  life's 
story  in  this  way:  "South  Carolina;  Duke; 
Merton  College,  Oxford;  the  Army's  18th 
Airborne;  Harvard,  and  then  teaching." 


On  the  Rhodes: 
Winning  the 
scholarship 
"deepened  my  sense  of 
gratitude  and  responsi- 
bility to  make  a  differ- 
ence," says  Byron 
Trauger,  now  a  Nash- 
ville attorney,  inset. 


Study  break:  On 
leave  from  Ox- 
ford during 
Christmas,  Clifton 
Cleaveland  hitch-hiked 
around  Europe.  Shown 
outside  Grenoble  in 
1958,  left,  Cleaveland 
now  practices  internal 
medicine. 


In  truth,  the  writer's  life  is  replete  with  a 
wealth  of  supplementary  detail:  nine  books 
of  fiction,  several  of  which  were  translated 
into  French,  Spanish,  Japanese,  and  Ruma- 
nian; four  books  of  poetry,  two  of  essays, 
three  of  criticism,  and  five  translations 
from  Greek  poetry  and  drama;  an  Ameri- 
can Academy  prize  for  fiction,  a  McArthur 
fellowship,  a  distinguished  professorship  at 
the  University  of  Kentucky. 

Davenport  won  a  Rhodes  in  1948  and 
earned  a  B.Litt.  degree  two  years  later  with 
a  thesis  on  James  Joyce  (the  first  at 
Oxford).  But  the  now-retired  English  pro- 
fessor is  cryptically  succinct  about  the 
scholarship.  "Did  the  Rhodes  open  doors 
that  might  otherwise  have  been  shut?  Prob- 
ably; I  have  no  way  of  knowing.  Did  the 
recognition  have  any  drawbacks  or  impose 
particular  pressures  to  succeed?  No." 

FULBRIGHT 

In  a  way,  winning  a  Fulbright  was  the 
ideal  wedding  present  for  Greg  Cox  '77 
and  his  wife,  Laura  Thiel  '77.  Married  two 
weeks  after  graduation,  the  couple  traveled 
to  Gottingen,  Germany,  that  fall  and  lived 
first  with  a  local  family  before  moving  into 
a  250-year-old  farmhouse. 

Without  the  usual  newlywed  financial 
concerns,  says  Cox,  he  and  Thiel  reveled 
in  the  invigorating  cultural  and  academic 
surroundings,  taking  courses  and  adapting 
to  a  European  way  of  life.  It  was  an  apt  set- 
ting for  Cox's  scholarly  pursuit.  For  three 
years,  he  had  worked  in  Duke's  Rare  Book 
Room,  surrounded  by  historical  volumes  re- 
flecting the  birth  and  evolution  of  the 
United  States.  Inspired  by  the  American  bi- 
centennial commemoration,  he  decided  to 
look  at  European  attitudes  toward  Ameri- 
cans in  the  first  one  hundred  years  follow- 
ing independence  from  England. 

"I  started  out  with  the  wide-eyed,  college 
student  notion  that  Europeans  are  sophis- 
ticated and  we  as  a  nation  are  brash  and 
immature,"  says  Cox.  "By  the  time  I  spent  a 
year  in  Germany,  I  realized  not  all  of  that 
was  true."  Even  though  he's  "quit  making 
sevens  the  way  Europeans  do,"  Cox,  a  self- 
employed  writer  living  in  Cary,  North  Caro- 
lina, continues  to  admire  certain  charac- 
teristics of  his  friends  across  the  Atlantic. 

"Politically,  I  was  exposed  to  a  wider 
range  of  ideas  in  Europe  in  general  and  in 
Germany  specifically,"  he  says.  "It  shocked 
me  to  see  people  standing  on  the  street 
yelling  their  political  convictions.  A  friend 
of  mine  from  Canada  recently  remarked, 
and  I  had  to  agree,  that  it  seems  Americans 
are  afraid  to  talk  about  politics,  their  own 
or  those  of  another  country.  We're  so  afraid 
we're  going  to  offend  someone  we  can't 
come  right  out  and  say  what  we  believe." 

As  for  comments  from  acquaintances 
about   his   Fulbright,   Cox   says   it   rarely 


Weekly  tutorials,  recalls 

one  Rhodes  Scholar, 

"occurred  after  dinner  in 

a  cold  room  before  an 

open  fire  with  a  glass 

of  port  in  my  hand. 

I  have  never  felt  sleepier 

in  my  life." 


comes  up  in  casual  conversation.  "Gener- 
ally, I  don't  mention  it.  When  people  hear 
that  I  was  in  Germany  for  a  year,  they 
assume  I  was  in  the  military." 

Attorney  Patrick  Fazzone  J.D.  '81  was  a 
two-time  Fulbright  winner.  The  first  was 
through  the  Graduate  Center  for  Interna- 
tional Studies  in  Geneva,  Switzerland.  It 
was  there  that  he  met  his  wife,  Jocelyn 
Eddy,  a  Rotary  Scholar  from  Sydney,  Aus- 
tralia, who  played  principal  flute  in  one  of 
Geneva's  major  orchestras.  The  encounter 
led  to  Fazzone's  interest  in  Australia  and, 
as  a  consequence,  international  trade  and 
business  law.  They  married  and  moved  to 
Sydney,  where  Fazzone  completed  his  sec- 
ond Fulbright  in  international  law  while 
on  the  faculty  at  the  University  of  Sydney, 
where  he  still  teaches.  He  established  a 
branch  office  for  the  Washington,  D.C.- 
based  law  firm  Collier,  Shannon  &  Scott, 
and  is  now  working  on  an  international 
trade  law  and  international  business  trans- 
action textbook. 

Like  Fazzone,  Leslie  Thiele  J.D.  '80, 
LL.M.  '80  was  drawn  to  international  law 
after  her  Fulbright  experience  in  Kiel, 
Germany.  Now  an  attorney  in  upstate 
New  York,  she  says  the  impact  of  the  Ful- 
bright permeates  her  law  practice. 

"From  the  books  on  my  shelves  to  my 
client  files,  my  daily  routine  as  a  lawyer  is 
different  because  of  my  time  in  Kiel,"  says 
Thiele.  "How  much  easier  it  is  to  under- 
stand the  tenacity  of  non-tariff  trade  barriers 
when  you  have  seen  first-hand  the  impor- 
tance of  the  beer  purity  law  to  the  Ger- 
mans. The  role  of  agricultural  subsidies  in 
the  EEC  looks  different  when  a  close 
friend's  father  is  a  French  farmer  on  the 
edge  of  financial  disaster." 

Thiele  represents  small  and  medium- 
sized  foreign  companies  investing  in  or  trad- 
ing with  the  United  States,  U.S.  compa- 
nies trading  overseas,  and  U.S.  companies 
that  are  transferring  managers,  executives, 
and  technical  personnel  from  overseas. 


Away  from  the  office,  says  Thiele,  her 
years  in  Germany  are  also  evident.  "I  read 
my  beloved  detective  novels  in  German, 
because  that  way  they  last  two  nights  in- 
stead of  one.  My  curtains  are  German  eye- 
let, my  pictures  on  the  wall  are  scenes  from 
Schleswig-Holstein,  and  my  winter  coat  is 
red  loden.  I  make  a  mean  red  cabbage,  and 
cold  nights  here  call  for  'Pharisaer,'  a  cocoa- 
and-rum  concoction  brewed  by  the  Ger- 
mans of  the  North  Sea  Coast.  I  ride  horses 
again,  because  of  the  encouragement  of  my 
German  friends  who  ride,  and  my  favorite 
riding  breeches  are  the  byproduct  of  a  busi- 
ness trip  to  Hamburg." 

In  short,  says  Thiele,  "My  Fulbright  years 
in  Germany  are  largely  responsible  for  what 
I  do  today." 

While  waiting  to  hear  from  the  Ful- 
bright committee,  Julie  Blume  Nye  '74 
decided  to  devise  an  alternative  plan  in 
case  the  scholarship  fell  through.  By  the 
time  she  got  what  should  have  been  good 
news,  Nye  had  applied  to  and  been  accept- 
ed by  the  distinguished  library  sciences  pro- 
gram at  the  University  of  Chicago. 

When  offered  the  full-tuition  fellowship 
at  Chicago,  Nye  asked  for  a  two-week  ex- 
tension while  awaiting  the  Fulbright  deci- 
sion. "They  were  unimpressed  with  the  fact 
that  I  was  a  finalist,"  she  says.  "And  I  de- 
cided if  they  were  that  snobbish,  I  definitely 
wanted  to  be  a  part  of  their  club." 

Similarly,  winning  the  Fulbright  forced 
Robert  Penn  '74  to  revise  earlier  aspira- 
tions. Now  working  in  the  private  sector  in 
Dallas,  Penn  says  he  rarely  uses  his  Span- 
ish or  Latin  American  studies  degree  but  is 
convinced  that  his  scholarship  experience 
was  richly  rewarding. 

After  earning  a  master's  from  Johns  Hop- 
kins, Penn  and  his  wife,  Katherine  Baker  '74, 
spent  a  year  in  Bogota,  Colombia.  Travel- 
ing extensively  throughout  the  country, 
Penn  conducted  field  research  for  his  studies 
of  a  rural  health  program.  He  came  into 
contact  with  scores  of  Colombian  citizens, 
particularly  mid-level  government  bureau- 
crats who  had  never  met  a  U.S.  citizen. 

"These  people  were  buffeted  with  cul- 
tural stimuli  from  the  U.S.,  much  of  which 
created  incorrect  and  less-than-positive 
stereotypes,"  says  Penn.  "I  know  that  I 
altered  some  people's  views  of  what  an 
American  citizen  is  like,  while  at  the  same 
time  I  was  many  people's  only  contact 
with  a  U.S. -trained  social  scientist.  I  was 
always  surprised  at  how  interested  my 
Colombian  cohorts  were  in  the  methodol- 
ogy used  to  examine  a  policy  question  or 
to  evaluate  a  problem." 

Having  left  Johns  Hopkins  with  every  in- 
tention of  returning  to  work  in  Washington 
for  a  government  or  multinational  agency, 
Penn  realized  while  in  Bogota  that  neither 
the  occupation  nor  the  lifestyle  appealed 


10 


to  him  or  his  wife.  "For  a  relatively  small 
expense — about  $374  per  month — the  U.S. 
government  afforded  us  an  opportunity  to 
discover  that  we  did  not  want  to  live  as  ex- 
patriates permanently  or  to  work  as  public- 
sector  employees  in  international  bureau- 
cracies. I've  always  been  glad  that  I  sorted 
this  out  with  a  finite,  low-cost  commit- 
ment as  opposed  to  having  taken  a  job  at  a 
much  higher  salary  and  discovering  the 
mismatch  after  being  relocated  at  consider- 
able expense  and  turmoil  to  a  Third  World 
capital." 

While  Penn's  decision  to  abandon  pre- 
vious plans  followed  careful  deliberation, 
Kathryn  Reiss'  transition  to  a  new  vocation 
came  about  under  more  serendipitous  cir- 
cumstances. Holed  up  in  a  drafty  house  in 
Bonn  with  minimal  plumbing  and  a  rickety 
balcony  that  would  later  fall  off  the  build- 
ing, Reiss  '80  decided  to  take  a  breather 
from  her  course  reading.  Immersed  in 
Goethe's  works  for  a  narrative  theory  sem- 
inar at  the  Wilhelm-Friederich  Universitat- 
Bonn,  Reiss  craved  a  quick  fix  of  something 
non-academic,  preferably  in  her  native 
tongue. 

But  Reiss  had  already  read  all  the  English 
language  novels  in  the  house,  and  torrents 
of  rain  prevented  her  from  venturing  out 
to  a  bookstore.  Instead,  she  grabbed  a  pad 
of  paper  and  a  pen  and  began  concocting  a 
tale  of  time  travel  and  suspense.  "When 
the  rain  stopped,  I  was  still  engaged  in  my 
new  story  and  I  kept  on  writing  far  into 
the  night,"  she  says.  The  story  eventually 
turned  into  a  book,  Time  Windows,  a  young- 
adult  mystery  novel  published  last  year 
by  Harcourt-Brace-Jovanovich.  A  second 
book,  The  Glass  House  People,  is  due  out 
this  spring. 

Still  fluent  in  German,  Reiss  maintains 
close  ties  to  the  families  and  friends  she 
met  during  her  1980-81  scholarship  year. 
She  has  taught  German  and  English  as  a 
second  language  and  is  a  lecturer  at  Mills 
College  in  Oakland,  California.  The  rainy- 
day  exercise  in  creative  writing  has  blos- 
somed into  a  full-time  career — she  earned 
her  M.F.A.  from  the  University  of  Michi- 
gan-Ann Arbor  before  joining  Mills — and 
the  year  in  Bonn  has  found  a  place  in  her 
fiction.  In  fact,  Reiss'  thesis  was  a  novel  set 
in  the  architecturally  precarious  house 
where  she  sat  down  to  write  that  rainy 
afternoon. 

While  Reiss'  visits  to  Germany  are  now 
conducted  mostly  through  fiction,  Timothy 
Wengert  Ph.D.  '84  and  his  family  returned 
to  the  country  just  last  year.  As  an  assistant 
professor  at  Lutheran  Theological  Semi- 
nary in  Philadelphia,  Wengert  made  his  re- 
turn to  the  Herzog  August  Bibliothek  in 
Wolfenbiittel,  where  he  had  conducted  re- 
search. The  trip  could  be  viewed  as  a  purely 
professional  excursion.  But  it  had  a  per- 


Innocence  abroad: 
When  he  first  trav- 
eled to  Germany, 
far  right,  Greg  Cox, 
had  "the  wide-eyed 
college  student  notion' 
that  Europeans  were 
much  more  cultivated 
than  Americans. 


Academic  boost: 
Timothy  Wen- 
gert's  Fulbright 
led  him  to  uncover 
scholarship  surrounding 
two  of  Martin  Luther's 
sixteenth-century  ser- 
mons. The  discovery, 
he  says,  "has  opened 
many  doors." 


QUIZES  AND  PROCESSES 


Bi 


,ack  in  1917,  Charles 
.Rutherford  Bagley  '14, 
'A.M.  '15  became  Duke's 
first  Rhodes  Scholar.  Since 
then,  nearly  two  dozen  stu- 
dents have  been  selected  to 
study  at  Oxford,  including 
author  and  James  B.  Duke 
Professor  of  English  Reynolds 
Price  '55. 

Named  for  Englishman  Cecil 
J.  Rhodes,  these  grants  allow 
students  to  enroll  in  a  degree 
program  at  the  University  of 
Oxford.  Among  the  criteria 
for  selection  are  "quality  of 
both  character  and  intellect," 
"instincts  to  lead  and  to  take 
an  interest  in  one's  contempo- 
raries," and  "physical  vigor." 
Thirty-two  grants  are 
awarded  each  year. 

Marshall  scholarships,  estab- 
lished by  the  British  Parlia- 
ment in  gratitude  for  the  Mar- 
shall Plan,  are  even  more 
exclusive.  Only  thirty  are 
awarded  each  year,  for  two 
years  of  study  in  a  degree  pro- 
gram at  any  British  university. 
To  apply  for  a  Marshall  schol- 
arship, students  need  a  mini- 
mum grade  point  average  of 


3.7  after  their  first  year.  Can- 
didates are  asked  to  explain 
their  reasons  for  choosing  a 
particular  university  and  pro- 
gram. 

Eighteen  potential  American 
leaders  are  tapped  each  year 
to  receive  Luce  scholarships, 
which  finance  a  year  of  study, 
work,  and  travel  in  East  Asia. 
To  be  eligible,  the  candidates 
should  not  be  (nor  plan  to  be- 
come) specialists  in  interna- 
tional or  Asian  studies.  Be- 
cause they  should  not  be 
enrolled  in  any  academic 
institution  during  the  year  of 
work,  Luce  scholars  do  not 
receive  any  type  of  academic 
credit.  Instead,  the  opportu- 
nity allows  them  "a  concen- 
trated exposure  to  a  specific 
Asian  environment  within  the 
context  of  their  professional 
interest  and  abilities."  The 
award  is  named  for  editor  and 
publisher  Henry  Robinson 
Luce. 

Fulbright  scholarships  pro- 
vide one  year  of  graduate 
study  in  approximately  fifty 
countries  each  year.  Candi- 
dates must  have  "study  plans 


or  projects  in  their  major 
fields  that  can  be  completed 
in  only  one  country  and  in 
one  academic  year.  Selection 
is  made  on  the  basis  of  the 
applicant's  academic  or  pro- 
fessional record,  language 
preparation  if  relevant,  feasi- 
bility of  the  proposed  study 
project,  and  personal  qualifi- 
cations." These  scholarships 
are  named  for  former  senator 
J.  William  Fulbright. 

Duke  helps  students  apply 
for  several  other  programs  as 
well,  including  the  Winston 
Churchill  Foundation  scholar- 
ships in  engineering,  mathe- 
matics, and  science  at  Cam- 
bridge University;  the 
Bundeskanzler  scholarship 
for  Germany,  to  identify 
prospective  leaders  in  Ameri- 
can academic,  business,  or 
political  circles  who  will 
strengthen  transatlantic  ties; 
St.  Andrews  Society  scholar- 
ships for  study  at  a  Scottish 
university;  and  Rotary  schol- 
arships for  one-year  awards  at 
foreign  universities. 


sonal  facet  as  well:  They  visited  the  family 
who  helped  tutor  Wengert's  wife  in  German 
during  his  Fulbright  stint,  and  the  families' 
daughters,  who  met  as  two-year-olds,  are 
now  pen  pals.  (To  persuade  his  wife  to  live 
in  a  country  where  she  didn't  know  the 
language  well,  Wengert  took  her  to  a  per- 
formance by  the  world-famous  Stuttgart 
Ballet  on  her  birthday.) 

At  the  Institute  for  the  Late  Middle  Ages 
and  Reformation  of  the  University  of  Tu- 
bingen, Wengert  came  across  student  notes 
on  two  sermons  Martin  Luther  delivered 
in  1520,  a  discovery  that  led  to  extensive 
professional  recognition  when  he  subse- 
quently edited  and  published  them.  "Being 
the  only  American  scholar  to  have  con- 
tributed to  the  critical  edition  of  Luther's 
works  has  opened  many  doors,"  says  Wen- 
gert. "My  research  afforded  me  contacts 
with  European  scholars,  immeasurably 
sharpened  my  work,  and  resulted  finally  in 
the  publication  of  my  dissertation  by  Li- 
brairie  Droz  publishing  house  of  Geneva, 
Switzerland." 

LUCE 

Before  landing  a  Luce  scholarship,  Ned 
Stoughton  M.D.  76  planned  to  specialize  in 
family  medicine.  A  random  assignment  to  a 
leprosarium  in  the  Philippines  altered  that. 

"It  changed  my  whole  life,"  says  Stough- 
ton, now  a  dermatologist  in  Hawaii.  "For 
one  thing,  I  met  my  wife,  who  was  a  col- 


lege student  there.  After  coming  back  to 
Duke  to  finish  my  medical  degree,  my  wife 
and  I  lived  in  the  Philippines  for  six  years, 
and  she  is  my  office  manager  now." 
Stoughton's  exposure  to  leprosy  patients 
piqued  his  professional  curiosity,  and  he 
still  treats  about  a  dozen  lepers  in  his  pri- 
vate practice.  "The  disease  itself  is  rarely 
fatal,  but  it  can  be  very  debilitating.  We 
treat  it  with  antibiotics — it  is  curable — but 
it  involves  a  long  treatment  program." 

Ophthalmologist  Reginald  Ishman  stud- 
ied tropical  medicine  in  the  Philippine 
jungles  and,  like  fellow  Luce  Scholar 
Stoughton,  found  life  on  the  East  Asian 
island  culturally  and  medically  exhilarat- 
ing. "There  was  a  tremendous  lack  of  re- 
sources," says  Ishman.  "Most  of  the  places 
I  lived  had  no  electricity  or  running  water. 
It  wasn't  a  matter  of  providing  advanced 
medical  care;  they  needed  basic  sanitation, 
antibiotics,  and  environmental  [specific] 
medicine.  There  was  a  tremendous  array  of 
diseases  and  surgical  problems." 

Because  of  the  informal  structure  of  the 
Luce,  Ishman  was  able  to  "disappear"  into 
the  countryside  for  several  months,  teaching 
barefoot  Filipino  doctors  how  to  conduct 
essential  medical  procedures.  "When  I  re- 
turned, I  went  through  my  mail  and  there 
was  a  blurb  in  the  Luce  newsletter  asking  if 
anyone  had  heard  from  me.  I  wrote  back 
explaining  what  I'd  been  doing.  That's  the 
nice  thing  about  the  Luce.  They  are  very 


laissez-faire,  and  will  give  you  as  much  or 
as  little  help  as  you  want." 

Ishman's  education  in  the  Philippines  ex- 
tended beyond  medicine.  Inevitably,  talk 
turned  to  the  country's  political  woes,  and 
Ishman  found  himself  caught  up  in  con- 
versations about  politics,  religion,  and  cus- 
toms. Before  his  trip  to  the  Philippines, 
Ishman  says  he  had  no  expectations  about 
what  he  would  find,  and  that  striving  to 
maintain  an  unbiased  attitude  continues 
to  serve  him  well. 

"The  most  important  lesson  I  learned  is 
that  people  don't  function  like  you  do  all 
the  time.  Just  because  you  do  something  one 
way  doesn't  mean  I  have  to  do  it  that  way. 
We  should  all  try  to  be  more  open-minded." 

Another  Luce  Scholar,  Kimberly  Till  J.D. 
'80,  also  points  to  the  relatively  unstruc- 
tured design  of  the  scholarship  as  an  added 
bonus  for  young  adults  already  on  a  career 
path.  "It's  a  tremendous  opportunity  to  con- 
nect with  other  young  people  in  your 
field,"  she  says.  "Since  it's  a  working  fel- 
lowship instead  of  an  academic  one,  you're 
actually  practicing"  book  knowledge. 

Till,  who  studied  corporate  and  trade 
law  at  Duke,  saw  first-hand  the  style  of 
Japanese  management  practices  that  were 
then  just  beginning  to  gain  attention  in 
the  United  States.  Now  that  U.S. -Japanese 
interaction  has  become  a  high-profile  polit- 
ical subject,  Till  believes  she  "has  a  leg  up 
on  how  it  works." 

MARSHALL 

Winning  a  coveted  award  was  not 
Richard  Heck's  motivation  for  applying  for 
a  Marshall.  Rather,  it  was  a  way  to  gain 
access  to  Michael  Dummett,  Oxford  Uni- 
versity's Wykeham  Professor  of  Logic. 
Having  encountered  Dummett 's  work  while 
a  junior  majoring  in  math,  Heck  '85  knew 
the  only  way  to  study  with  him  at  Oxford 
was  to  win  some  sort  of  scholarship.  For  the 
last  six  years,  Heck's  research  has  focused 
on  matters  he  and  Dummett  discussed  dur- 
ing their  meetings,  and  he  is  now  editing 
and  contributing  to  a  book  of  essays  in 
Dummett's  honor. 

Heck  is  quick  to  point  out  that  a  Mar- 
shall scholarship  should  not  be  trivialized  by 
"presenting  it  as  a  stepping-stone  or  a  me- 
dallion." Instead,  he  emphasizes  that  such 
cultural  exchange  programs  imbue  their 
participants  with  a  deeper  appreciation  of 
their  own  and  other  cultures.  "Living  in 
England  helped  broaden  my  understanding 
of  the  world  in  ways  I  do  not  think  would 
otherwise  have  been  possible.  One  is  much 
more  aware,  for  example,  of  the  influence  of 
class  on  one's  chances,  and  an  awareness 
of  class  differences  can  only  help  one  better 
to  understand  social  and  political  events  in 
this  country  where  class  is,  as  one  author 
said,  our  'dirty  little  secret.'  " 


12 


While  some  Americans  abroad  might 
react  defensively  to  criticisms  of  U.S.  do- 
mestic and  foreign  policy,  Heck  says  such 
critiques  helped  him  appreciate  the  global 
repercussions  of  our  political  system.  Simi- 
larly, living  under  a  different  form  of  gov- 
ernment heightened  his  awareness  of  the 
attitudes  we  often  take  for  granted.  "That  is 
not  to  say  one  becomes  complacent.  Quite 
the  contrary:  An  awareness  of  the  impor- 
tance of  such  rights,  of  the  importance  of 
racial  and  sexual  equality,  serves  to  make 
me  all  the  more  certain  of  the  need  to 
defend  the  progress  made  in  these  areas." 

The  Marshall  instilled  Rakesh  "Raj" 
Bhala  '84  with  a  sense  of  intellectual  dili- 
gence as  well,  he  says,  but  non-academic 
episodes  stand  out  just  as  vividly.  One  cold 
October  night  in  1985,  he  was  in  his  dorm 
room  at  Oxford's  Trinity  College.  A  young 
woman  from  Malaysia,  pursuing  her  master's 
in  management,  invited  him  to  join  a  group 
of  graduate  students  for  a  beer  at  a  local  pub. 
Bhala,  intent  on  his  studies,  declined. 

"Fortunately,  she  dismissed  my  'nerdish' 
reply  and  came  back  a  few  hours  later  and 
convinced  me  to  join  the  gang,"  says 
Bhala.  After  finishing  at  Oxford,  Bhala 
returned  to  the  States  to  study  law,  and  the 
woman,  Kara  Tan,  went  to  work  in  Singa- 
pore. They  stayed  in  touch,  visiting  each 
other  over  the  next  few  years.  Eventually, 
her  company  transferred  her  to  New  York, 
and  in  November  of  1989,  they  married  in 
the  United  Nations  Chapel. 

An  attorney  at  the  Federal  Reserve  Bank 
in  New  York,  Bhala  says  the  Marshall 
scholarship  experience  affected  his  life  in 
two  other  significant  ways.  At  Oxford,  a 
master's  candidate  must  pass  a  rigorous  set 
of  exams  in  order  to  earn  his  or  her  degree. 
Bhala's  parents,  who  grew  up  in  India  under 
the  British  colonial  system,  were  empa- 
thetic,  but  Bhala  knew  he  alone  had  to 
face  the  final  exams. 

"Confronting  the  'Judgment  Day,'  on 
which  my  entire  degree  rested,  was  one  of 
the  most  personally  maturing  experiences  I 
have  ever  had,"  he  says.  "After  enduring 
the  stressful  exam  system,  I  feel  more  con- 
fident when  new  challenges  emerge  in  my 
career.  If  I  had  any  doubts  about  the  exis- 
tence of  a  Supreme  Being  before  taking 
the  British  exams,  I  certainly  didn't  after  I 
received  the  results." 

Winning  the  Marshall  also  impressed 
upon  him  the  responsibility  of  educated  in- 
quiry. "In  my  career  as  a  lawyer,  I  have 
devoted  time  to  publishing  and  other  in- 
tellectual endeavors,  and  learned  to  balance 
my  moments  as  a  'zealous  advocate'  for  the 
Federal  Reserve  with  moments  of  even- 
handed  study  of  legal  issues,"  says  Bhala.  "I 
try  to  read  broadly  and  learn  about  new 
fields.  I  try  not  to  forget  about  the  virtue  of 
knowledge  for  its  own  sake."  ■ 


lasting  attrac- 
tion: Working 
Lin  the  Philip- 
pines, Ned  Stoughton 
met  and  married  his 
wife,  Noemi,  top,  during 
his  year  as  a  Luce  Fel- 
low. He  returns  there 
regularly  to  provide 
medical  assistance 
through  the  Aloha 
Medical  Mission,  left. 


Tea  time:  On  a 
recent  return  trip 
to  Japan,  Kimberly 
Till,  center,  renewed 
acquaintances  and  took 
part  in  traditional  cus- 
toms she'd  first  experi- 
enced as  a  Luce 
Scholar. 


MARSHALL 


arshall  mem- 
ories: Rakesh 
I  "Raj"  Bhala 
at  first  declined  Kara 
Tan's  invitation  to  join 
her  and  other  graduate 
students  at  a  local 
English  pub.  She  per- 
sisted, he  relented,  and 
they  married  four  years 
later.  Shown  here  with 
their  nephew,  the  cou- 
ple lives  in  New  York 
City,  where  Bhala 
works  for  the  Federal 
Reserve  Bank. 


DUKE  PERSPECTIVES 

r 

TE 

rsi 

'EA 

r 

i 

MNG  GREET 

BY  LISA  HAZIRJIAN 

j 

ENVIRONMENTAL  AWARENESS: 

Collision  course: 

Is  the  wave  of  the 

future  a  return 

to  the  past? 

FROM  BICYCLING  TO  RECYCLING 

With  cars  competing  for  spaces  and  trash  bins  over- 
flowing, the  campus  can  look  like  an  ecological  dis- 
aster. But  a  new  consciousness  may  be  taking  hold. 

|H  rom  the  outside  it  seemed  like  every 
^Z  other  off-campus  student  house:  a 
^^^^  few  undergraduates  sitting  out  on  the 
1       porch  enjoying  an  unusually  cool 
August    evening,    swapping    summertime 
stories  while  their  housemates  moved  boxes 
and  hooked  up  stereo  equipment  in  prepara- 
tion for  the  coming  year.  Yet  inside,  things 
were  unmistakably  different. 

Carrying  their  wares  from  the  front  door 
to  their  bedrooms,  residents  had  to  be  care- 
ful not  to  trip  over  the  insulation  wrappers 
that  cluttered  the  living  room  floor.  Rather 
than  throw  away  their  empty  cardboard 
boxes  or  relegate  them  to  the  recycling 
heap,  they  set  them  aside  for  future  use.  As 
one  woman  emerged  from  her  bedroom 
with  books  about  global  warming  and  de- 
forestation to  add  to  the  house  library, 
others  sat  in  the  university-furnished  living 
room   and   discussed   semester-long   plans 
and    last-minute    concerns.    Some    talked 
about  what  vegetables  to  grow  in  their  new 
garden  and  how  to  organize  bulk  shopping, 
while  others  debated  which  route  would 
provide  the  quickest,  safest  way  to  bike  to 
a  nine  o'clock  class  on  West. 

Meanwhile,   out  on  the  porch  of  the 

Green  House,  the  new  off-campus  residence 
with  an  ecological  accent,  residents  talked 
about  the  state  of  the  environment  at  Duke. 
"When  I  came  to  Duke,  I  was  just  getting 
interested  in  the  environment,"  says  Trinity 
junior  Joey  Jann,  "and  I  was  appalled  by 
Duke  life."  Living  in  Trent  dormitory  during 
her  first  year,  Jann  saw  aluminum  cans  and 
unused  paper  thrown  into  garbage  bins  and 
windows  kept  open  in  mid-January  to  com- 
bat the  blasting  heat  of  outdated  radiators. 
The  level  of  waste  was  astonishing,  and  to 
environmentally-committed  students  like 
Jann,  so  were  most  people's  attitudes.  "Peo- 
ple just  weren't  thinking  about  the  way  they 
were  living." 

Jann's  frustrations  fueled  her  initial  inter- 
est in  learning  more  about  ecological  issues 
and  inspired  her  to  become  involved  with 
campus  environmental  groups.  While  taking 
a  house  course  on  the  environment  during 
the  spring  of  1989,  Jann  and  Green  House- 
mate Jessica  Barnhill  began  to  work  with 
course  instructor  Lee  Altenberg  and  others 
to  establish  an  alternative  to  traditional 
campus  housing.  Based  on  the  model  of  the 
cooperative  living  groups  at  Berkeley  and 
Stanford,  where  Altenberg  had  been  a  stu- 

F 


dent,  the  Green  House  aimed  for  coopera- 
tive, ecologically-sustainable  living. 

At  least  from  outward  appearances,  the 
greater  Duke  community  could  stand  to 
learn  from  the  Green  House  way  of  life. 
With  so  many  cars  crowding  campus  lots 
that  the  parking  office  hardly  knows  what 
to  do  with  them,  and  so  much  food  taken 
out  of  the  Cambridge  Inn  on  sunny  days 
that  trash  from  overflowing  bins  pollutes 
the  main  quad,  Duke  can  seem  like  an 
environmental  disaster. 

While  a  glance  across  the  quad  quickly 
confirms  Joey  Jann's  first-year  dorm  obser- 
vations, a  closer  examination  of  what  is 
happening  around  campus  reveals  that  eco- 
logical awareness  is  taking  root  at  Duke. 
Take,  for  example,  Duke  Recycles  and  the 
Material  Support  Department,  where  what 
began  as  a  small  student  volunteer  effort 
and  a  handful  of  concerned  employees  has 
grown  into  an  institutionalized,  organized 
commitment  to  reduce  Duke's  material 
consumption. 

As  recently  as  the  late  Eighties,  coordi- 
nated recycling  at  Duke  was  left  to  a  splinter 
group  of  volunteers  from  the  Environmen- 
tally Concerned  Organization  of  Students 
(ECOS).  Despite  its  efforts  to  attend  to  the 
few  aluminum  recycling  bins  it  had  placed 
on  campus,  ECOS  found  that  recycling 
needs  could  not  be  handled  by  undergradu- 
ate volunteers  stomping  on  empty  cans  be- 
hind the  East  Campus  Center.  A  group  of 
students  and  staff  joined  forces  in  the  fall 
of  1988  to  develop  a  proposal  for  waste 
reduction  at  Duke,  and  by  August  of  1990 
Duke  Recycles  was  approved  and  funded. 

With  a  full-time  coordinator, 
a  dozen  part-time  students,  and 
occasional  volunteers,  Duke  Re- 
cycles has  taken  the  campus  by 
storm.  Recycling  bins  are  near- 
ly everywhere,  from  academic 
buildings  to  dining  facilities  to 
dormitories.  And  they  are  filled 
to  the  brim.  In  the  last  academic 
year,  Duke  Recycles  collected 
nearly  400  tons  of  paper,  alu- 
minum, and  glass,  up  from 
eighty-four  tons  the  year  before.  And  at 
Duke  Medical  Center,  the  environmental 
services  staff  recycled  nearly  200  tons  of 
paper. 

Stephanie  Finn,  coordinator  of  Duke  Re- 
cycles, says  she's  pleased  with  the  organiza- 
tion's success  but  warns  that  while  recy- 
cling is  integral  to  waste  reduction,  the 
university  committee  needs  to  do  more.  "It's 
easy  to  recycle;  it's  hard  to  think  about 
how  not  to  use  resources  to  begin  with." 
And  her  co-workers  in  the  purchasing  divi- 
sion of  Material  Support,  Finn  reports, 
have  been  extremely  devoted  to  that  cause. 

"Every  time  something  comes  up,  I  look 
to  see  if  we  can  offer  a  recycled  option," 


16 


Duke  Recycles  collected 

nearly  400  tons  of  paper, 

aluminum,  and  glass,  up 

from  84  tons  the  year 

before. 


says  Evelyn  Hicks,  the  university's  buyer 
responsible  for  all  centralized  janitorial  and 
office  supply  purchasing.  Often  working  in 
consultation  with  Duke  Recycles,  Hicks 
has  introduced  recycled  products  through- 
out the  Duke  inventory.  "As  the  cost  has 
come  down,  we  find  that  more  people  are 
using  it,"  she  says.  Many  people 
were  hesitant  about  switching  to 
recycled  paper,  she  says,  until 
they  saw  that  today's  recycled 
products  are  virtually  indistin- 
guishable from  virgin  paper. 
Hicks'  initiative  is  beginning  to 
make  its  mark  throughout  Duke: 
The  entire  campus  now  uses  re- 
cycled paper  towels,  Academic 
Computing  re-inks  its  laser  jet 
cartridges  eight  or  nine  times 
before  disposing  of  them,  and  Reprographic 
Services  is  considering  converting  to  all 
recycled  copy  paper. 

Similar  efforts  are  under  way  at  university 
dining  services,  which  has  stopped  purchas- 
ing Styrofoam  cups,  has  switched 
to  biodegradable  paper  products, 
and  has  begun  to  replace  the 
paper  napkins  and  tablecloths  in 
the  Oak  Room  and  the  Faculty 
Commons  with  cloth.  Food  Sal- 
vaging Program  volunteers  like 
Jessica  Barnhill  bring  leftovers  to 
the  Durham  Community  Kitch- 
en. Options  for  vegetarians  are 
available  in  dining  halls  and 
through  Plan  V,  the  student  co- 
operative vegetarian  eating  club. 

Dining  Services  still  uses  disposable 
plates,  cups,  and  utensils  in  many  eating 
locations,  despite  a  desire  to  cut  back  on 
them.  "We  see  the  incredible  waste  of 
paper  cups  and  paper  goods.  Every  single 
food  service  person  would  be  delighted  to 
go  back  to  china,  silverware,  and  glass- 
ware," says  Dining  Services'  general  man- 
ager Glenn  Gossett.  But  every  year  his 
department  incurs  approximately  $65,000 
in  losses  related  to  broken,  lost,  and  stolen 
permanent  ware;  a  small  fraction  of  this  is 
recouped  in  May  when  the  housekeeping 
staff  returns  two  to  three  truckloads  of 
dishes  and  utensils  from  dormitories  and 


campus  apartments.  When  Dining  Services 
tried  to  comply  with  a  Bryan  Center  guide- 
line mandating  use  of  permanent  ware  in 
the  Rathskeller,  they  lost  more  than  300 
espresso  cups  and  500  stainless  steel  forks 
in  just  one  week.  Thousands  of  plastic 
sandwich  baskets  wound  up  in  the  trash, 
presumably  because  students  did  not  real- 
ize they  were  meant  to  be  re-used. 

Although  he  would  prefer  to  phase  out 
the  use  of  disposables,  Gossett  knows  that  it 
is  not  economically  feasible  unless  behavior 
changes  first.  "With  current  community 
attitudes,  we  cannot  manage  to  provide  per- 
manent ware." 

People's  attitudes  also  lie  at  the  heart  of 
Duke's  perpetual  parking  problems.  In  an 
attempt  to  keep  up  with  constantly  rising 
demand  for  more  on-campus  parking,  the 
university  built  a  new  228-space  parking  lot 
this  summer  at  a  cost  of  about  $1,800  per 
^^^^m  space;  in  mid-September,  the 
Medical  Center  broke  ground  for 
a  1,700-space  parking  garage, 
scheduled  to  be  completed  in 
late  1992  at  a  projected  cost  of 
■  $12  million. 
*8$  In  the  heart  of  the  campus, 
1  where  more  than  7,400  cars  were 
registered  last  year,  neither  en- 
vironmental nor  financial  con- 
cerns seem  to  dissuade  people 
from  using  their  cars.  -"Conve- 
nience is  rated  far  more  important  than 
costs  in  our  surveys,"  parking  administration 
manager  Chuck  Landis  says.  Indeed,  seventy- 
five  drivers  have  placed  their  names  on  the 
waiting  list  for  spaces  in  two  premium  lots 
on  West  Campus,  where  decals  cost  $225 
annually.  Parking  is  a  break-even  operation, 
Landis  says,  but  attitudes  are  so  strong  that 
turning  it  into  a  for-profit  venture  probably 
wouldn't  deter  people  from  bringing  their 
cars  to  campus. 

"It's  just  hard  in  this  area  to  get  people 
to  give  up  their  cars,"  says  Harry  Gentry, 
manager  of  transportation,  parking,  and 
facilities  at  Duke  Medical  Center.  "It's  like 
their  pacifier."  Eight  years  ago  his  depart- 
ment bought  four  vans  and  hired  a  full- 
time  ride-sharing  coordinator  in  order  to 
promote  group  commuting.  It  even  created 
a  special  premium  parking  area  specifically 
for  car  pools,  but  only  one  group  used  it. 
The  van  pools,  Gentry  says,  were  equally 
unsuccessful. 

Part  of  the  transportation  problem  is  a 
lack  of  attractive  options,  according  to  In- 
ternal Audit  director  Richard  Siemer,  who 
has  worked  for  the  past  five  years  as  an  ad- 
viser with  both  Duke's  Bicycling  Task  Force 
and  the  Energy  Conservation  Advisory 
Committee.  "A  switch  to  bicycling  won't 
come  until  you  put  in  the  infrastructure,"  he 
says.  "Some  people  will  use  bikes  no  matter 
Continued  on  page  4 1 


COLLEGE 


w 


d 


Edith  Sprw 


\  \ 
t  Toms  '62 


th  col- 
lege on 
the  hor- 
izon, anxiety  levels 
— among  prospec- 
tive students  and 
their  parents  alike — 
escalate  as  the  search 
begins.  But  where  to 
begin?  The  offices  of 
Alumni  Affairs  and 
Admissions  are  offer- 
ing the  third  annual 
Alumni  Admissions  Forum  in  June  to  help 
alumni  and  their  children  get  a  handle  on 
the  situation. 

The  forum  "attempts  to  demystify  the 
admissions  process,"  says  Edith  Sprunt  Toms 
'62,  Alumni  Affairs'  assistant  director  for 
alumni  admissions.  "Most  of  the  program 
will  deal  with  generic  admissions  issues, 
with  specific  advice  on  test  taking,  essays, 
questions  to  ask  of  colleges,  as  well  as  what 
schools  are  looking  for  in  their  applicants." 

Faculty  members  will  again  include  Carl 
Bewig,  college  counseling  director  at  Phil- 
lips Andover  Academy;  Jane  Koten,  col- 
lege counseling  director  at  Illinois'  Glen- 
brook  South  High  School;  and  admissions 
consultant  Sarah  McGinty.  Alumni  known 
to  have  children  born  in  1975  and  1976 
are  being  invited. 

All  alumni  are  encouraged  to  submit  the 
names  and  birth  dates  of  their  children  to 
get  on  the  mailing  list  for  future  forums. 
Notify  Alumni  Records,  614  Chapel  Drive 
Annex,  Durham,  N.C.  27706. 


SUMMER  SCHOOL 
FOR  SPORTS 


Is  your  son  or  daughter  (or  grandson  or 
daughter)  looking  for  summer  stimula- 
tion or  healthy  activity  on  the  most 
exciting  campus  in  America? 

Consider  one  of  Duke's  many  summer 


sports  camps  for  young  men  and  women: 
basketball,  golf,  tennis,  field  hockey,  foot- 
ball, soccer,  volleyball,  lacrosse,  and  base- 
ball. 

For  information,  write  to  the  particular 
camp  in  care  of  Duke  Athletics,  Cameron 
Indoor  Stadium,  Durham,  N.C.  27705. 


LINKING  ALUMNI 
TO  JOBS 


There's  the  old  school  tie  and  the  old 
boy/girl  network,  but  now  there's 
something  new  for  Duke  graduates: 
SkillSearch.  Sponsored  by  the  Duke 
Alumni  Association  and  Duke's  Career 
Development  Center,  this  new  program  is 
designed  to  assist  alumni  with  career  "net- 
working" and  job  searches. 

After  paying  a  $49  fee,  the  job-seeker 
fills  out  a  comprehensive  application,  in- 
cluding expertise,  achievements,  salary  re- 
quirements, and  geographic  preferences. 
SkillSearch  turns  this  information  into  a 
detailed  resume  and  profile  for  its  data- 
base. Meanwhile,  participating  companies 
access  the  SkillSearch  database  to  identify 
resumes  that  fit  their  needs  and  then  con- 
tact the  person  directly  for  an  interview. 
SkillSearch  assures  confidentiality;  partici- 
pants can  restrict 
their  current  em- 
ployer and  other 
companies,  if  they  , 
choose,  from  access-  "  ** 

ing  their  profile.  ^  v 

The  Nashville, 
Tennessee-based 
company,  says 
Jonathan  Baer  '89, 
"has  set  up  a  power- 
ful, new  recruiting  jonfldlflnB*r\ 
system  that  will  link 

alumni  to  corporate  America."  Baer,  who 
joined  Duke's  alumni  office  in  October  as 
assistant  director  for  alumni  benefits  and 
services,  has  been  working  with  Alumni 
Affairs  director  M.  Laney  Funderburk  Jr. 
'60  to  encourage  other  peer  institutions  to 
sign   up.   "So   far,   nearly   a  dozen   other 


schools  are  in  the  network  and  contracts 
are  pending  with  about  fifteen  others,"  says 
Baer.  This  broader  base  will  make  the  pro- 
gram more  attractive  to  employers,  he  says. 
"We're  also  working  to  bring  many  of  the 
companies  that  currently  recruit  on  campus 
into  the  network.  We're  convinced  that 
the  Duke  Alumni  Association's  partner- 
ship with  SkillSearch  will  provide  alumni 
with  improved  opportunities  for  career 
development  and  advancement." 

For  more  information,  contact  Skill- 
Search  directly  at  1-800-ALUMNI-l  (1- 
800-258-6641). 


COMMUNITY 
CONSCIOUS 


Julia  W.  Palmer  '85 


Duke  clubs 
throughout 
the  country 
are  increasing  their 
focus  on  communi- 
ty service  projects. 
Through  such  vol- 
untarism, alumni 
have  the  chance  to 
make  an  impact  on 
the  lives  of  those  in 
need  and  interact 
with  one  another 
at  the  same  time. 

In  January,  Duke  Club  of  Boston  leaders 
met  with  community  service  coordinators 
from  alumni  clubs  of  other  universities  in  a 
"networking"  conference  sponsored  by  the 
University  of  Notre  Dame.  The  alumni  rep- 
resentatives discussed  their  various  Boston- 
area  projects.  The  Duke  club's  community 
service  leader,  Lillian  Habeich  '87,  and 
treasurer,  Willis  Brown  '74,  recapped  the 
club's  monthly  excursions  to  the  Boston 
Food  Bank  where  volunteers  sort  through 
as  much  as  20,000  pounds  of  slightly  dam- 
aged food  stuffs  and  salvage  about  half  of 
that  for  distribution  to  Boston  shelters.  The 
conference  concluded  by  forming  a  steering 
committee  to  coordinate  a  collaboration  on 
specific  projects. 

Leaders  from  these  same  schools  may  be 


17 


meeting  in  other  major  cities  during  1992. 

Duke's  Boston  club,  whose  president  is 
Jeff  Davis  '80,  also  participates  in  a  variety 
of  other  service  projects.  Future  events  in- 
clude a  charity  ball  to  benefit  an  under- 
privileged children's  summer  camp,  a  sum- 
mer beach  clean-up  with  the  Sierra  Club, 
and  "urban  Peace  Corps"  work  for  City 
Year,  a  Boston  youth  service  organization 
developed  in  1988.  Young  adults  from 
varying  backgrounds  pledge  nine  months  of 
full-time  community  service  to  the  city  of 
Boston  in  return  for  $5,000  college  schol- 
arships and  weekly  stipends. 

Monthly  soup  kitchen  forays  are  also  a 
major  part  of  community  service  efforts  of 
the  New  York-based  Duke  University  Metro- 
politan Alumni  Association  (DUMAA). 
For  the  past  year  and  a  half,  club  volun- 
teers have  been  spending  one  Saturday  per 
month  at  the  University  Soup  Kitchen. 
Maria  Mayer  '89  has  spearheaded  this  proj- 
ect, which  mainly  benefits  homeless  young 
men.  This  soup  kitchen  doesn't  shuttle  the 
homeless  through  a  cafeteria-style  food 
line;  the  hungry,  approximately  500,  are 
seated  and  served  each  Saturday  as  if  they 
are  in  a  fine  restaurant.  And  volunteers  can 
mingle  with  the  homeless  in  a  more  com- 
fortable and  non-threatening  environment. 

Cuyler  Christianson  76  has  led  DUMAA 


Duke 

University 

Golf  Schools 

1992 

for  boys  and  girls 
ages  11-17 


June  13  -  June  18 boys  only 

June  20  -  June  25 co-ed 

695.00  per  week 

2  week  sessions  not  available 


For  applications,  write  to:  Rod  Myers, 

Golf  Director,  Duke  University 

Golf  Club,  Durham,  NC  27706 

(919)681-2494 


volunteers  in  monthly  visits  to  another 
soup  kitchen  at  the  largest  cathedral  in 
North  America,  St.  John  the  Divine.  They 
join  volunteers  from  other  organizations  on 
Sunday  afternoons  to  feed  approximately 
375  poor  or  homeless  people.  DUMAA  has 
also  taken  part  in  a  Riverside  Park  clean- 
up and  with  the  East  Harlem  Tutorial, 
helping  students  and  supervising  social 
events  four  times  a  year. 

In  January,  Duke  Club  of  Chicago  mem- 
bers, under  the  leadership  of  Scott  Dickes 
'91  and  club  president  Alex  Geier  '85, 
watched  the  Duke-Florida  State  basketball 
game,  bowled,  and  shot  pool  at  their  bowl-a- 
thon  fund-raiser.  Proceeds  were  donated  to 
the  Golden  Apple  Foundation,  a  nonprofit 
group  that  encourages  Chicago  students  to 
stay  in  school,  and  that  recognizes  and 
recruits  outstanding  teachers  for  Chicago 
public  schools. 

The  Chicago  club's  goal  to  sponsor  four 
or  more  projects  for  the  community  per 
year  means  members  get  to  work  with 
other  organizations  and  with  Chicagoans 
from  other  universities'  alumni  clubs.  J. P. 
Puckett  '84  recently  organized  volunteers 
from  Duke,  Notre  Dame,  and  Georgetown, 
under  the  sponsorship  of  Neighborhood 
Housing  Services  of  Chicago,  to  help  plant 
a  vegetable  and  flower  garden  for  a  senior 
citizens'  community.  This  spring,  Duke 
volunteers  will  work  again  with  Light  Up 
Chicago  One  to  One,  painting  and  refur- 
bishing apartments  in  a  downtown  hous- 
ing facility. 

In  February,  Duke  Club  of  Washington 
(DCW)  members  convened  at  the  SOME 
(So  Others  May  Eat)  soup  kitchen,  where 
they  volunteer  monthly.  DCWs  Karen 
Frisch  Finigan  '75  is  the  driving  force  be- 
hind this  project.  Michele  Farquhar  '79 
and  other  DCW  volunteers  continue  work- 
ing on  the  Partnership  in  Education  (PIE) 
at  Ludlow-Taylor  Elementary  School. 
Tutoring,  storytelling,  fund  raising,  garden- 
ing, and  leading  field  trips  are  just  a  few  of 
their  undertakings. 

An  adopt-a-school  program  like  PIE  is 
being  planned  by  the  Duke  Club  of 
Atlanta.  Under  Amy  Valentine  Forrestal 
'87,  Dan  Forrestal  '87,  and  club  president 
Nancy  Jordan  Ham  '82,  the  Atlanta  club 
will  be  working  with  the  Junior  League  and 
IBM  in  adopting  an  Atlanta  middle  school. 
Kelly  Ryan  '85  recently  organized  an  all- 
ACC  softball  tournament.  Proceeds  bene- 
fited the  Big  Brother,  Big  Sister  program  of 
Atlanta.  This  was  a  departure  from  the 
Atlanta  volleyball  tournaments  held  in 
past  years  for  the  March  of  Dimes. 

The  elderly  and  handicapped  will  re- 
ceive quite  a  gift  when  Duke  clubs  bring 
them  "Christmas  in  April."  The  one-day 
project  will  renovate  houses  needing  at- 
tention so  that  residents  won't  have  to 


leave  their  homes.  For  the  Duke  Club  of 
Charlotte,  Alumni  Affairs'  former  clubs 
coordinator  Jeanine  Poore  Geraffo  '84  and 
former  Philadelphia  club  president  Shep 
McKinley  '87  are  coordinators.  Six  houses 
on  one  Charlotte  street  have  been  adopted 
by  volunteers  from  Duke,  Notre  Dame, 
UNC-Charlotte's  athletic  department, 
Charlotte's  chamber  of  commerce,  the 
Charlotte  Hornets,  NationsBank  (formerly 
NCNB),  and  Duke  Power  Company.  Local 
contractors,  architects,  painters,  and  labor- 
ers are  pitching  in  to  lead  teams  of  "hands- 
on"  volunteers  in  renovation.  Other  vol- 
unteers are  soliciting  building  supplies  and 
donations. 

"Christmas  in  April"  has  come  to  the 
West  Coast,  too,  coordinated  by  Leslie 
Vickers  Oberhelman  '83  of  the  Duke  Club 
of  Northern  California.  She  is  setting  up  a 
network  of  Bay  Area  volunteers.  For 
December's  Christmas,  the  club  worked 
with  the  Christmas  Bureau  of  Contra  Costa 
County  and  spent  an  evening  receiving, 
sorting,  and  wrapping  gifts  that  were  distrib- 
uted to  local  families.  A  Saturday  morning 
was  devoted  to  children  at  the  Family  Liv- 
ing Center  of  Santa  Clara  County;  club 
members  helped  children  make  holiday 
decorations  for  their  rooms  and  for  the 
Center. 

Back  in  North  Carolina,  mem- 
bers of  the  Duke  Club  of  Catawba 
Valley  will  be  helping  the  Special 
Olympics  in  May  with  Olympic 
track  and  field  events.  And  even 
closer  to  Duke,  Durham's  Carolyn 
Ketner  Penny  '57  and  Duke  Club  of 
Durham-Orange  president  Lawrence 
Campbell  '76  have  arranged  an 
April  half-day  service  project:  Vol- 
unteers will  meet  at  Duke  Forest's 
Rhododendron  Bluff  to  restore  an 
area  of  the  forest,  stabilize  erosion, 
and  clean  up  around  a  creek.  Jud- 
son  Edeburn  M.F.  '72,  Duke  Forest 
resource  manager,  will  speak  to  the 
participants  about  environmental 
issues  and  the  impact  of  recreational  use 
on  the  forest. 

— Julia  W.  Palmer  '85,  Clubs  Coordinator 


HUMANITARIAN 
AWARD 


Duke  Divinity  School  professor  Fred- 
erick Herzog  received  this  year's 
Humanitarian  Service  Award,  given 
annually  by  Duke's  Campus  Ministry,  dur- 
ing the  Founders'  Day  Convocation  in 
Duke  Chapel.  The  award  is  given  each 
year  to  an  individual  whose  life  represents 
"a  long-term  commitment  to  direct  service 


to  others  and  simplicity 
of  lifestyle."  The  award 
was  conceived  by  a 
group  of  Duke  faculty, 
students,  and  campus 
ministers  who  felt  such 
a  life  might  serve  as 
a  "challenging"  role 
model  for  Duke  stu- 
dents as  they  consider 
the  "moral  implica- 
tions of  their  chosen 
vocations  and  life- 
styles." The  award  was 
first  presented  in  1985. 
Herzog,  a  long-time 
Duke  faculty  member 
who  teaches  system- 


Boc/c  to  school:  returning  for  fall  fe: 
ties ,  alumni  reunion  classes  broke 
numerous  attendance  and  giving  records 


atic  theology,  came 
to  Duke  in  1960 
from  the  faculty 
of  Mission  House 
Theological  Semi- 
nary in  Plymouth, 
Wisconsin. 

Born  in  Ashley, 
North  Dakota,  and 
educated  at  Bonn 
and  Basel  universi- 
ties, Herzog  holds 
a  Th.M.  and  a  Th.D.  from  Princeton  Theo- 
logical Seminary.  He  received  an  honorary 
doctor  of  theology  degree  from  Bonn  Uni- 
versity in  1986. 

He  is  the  author  of  several  books,  in- 
cluding Liberation  Theology  (1972)  and  God- 


the  Methodist  Sem- 
inary and  the  Uni- 
versidad  Catolica  in 
Lima,  Peru. 


REUNION 
RECORDS 

lumni  re- 
turned to 
campus  last 
fall  in  record  num- 
bers, and  the  Class 
of  1941  set  a 
benchmark  for  fu- 
ture fifty-year  re- 
union class  gifts: 
$341,653.  Total  giv- 
ing was  $1,545,617 
from  4,069  reunion 


Walk:  Liberation  Shaping  Dogmatics  (1988). 
He  has  frequently  been  a  visiting  professor 
at  the  University  of  Bonn  and  in  1978  ini- 
tiated the  Duke-Bonn  exchange  program, 
which  he  directed  until  1988.  In  recent 
years  he  developed  exchange  programs  with 


class  members. 

Attendance  record-breakers 
were:  Class  of  1951,  fortieth 
reunion  record  at  243;  Class  of 
1961,  thirtieth  reunion  record 
at  208;  Class  of  1981,  tenth  re- 
union record  at  417;  and  Class 
of  1986,  fifth  reunion  record 
at  411. 

Planning  committees  for 
1992  reunions  have  been  meet- 
ing at  Alumni  House  for  the 
following  classes:  1942,  1947, 
1952,  1957,  1962,  1967,  1972, 
1977,  1982,  1987,  and  the 
Half  Century  Club.  Members 
of  these  classes  will  be  receiv- 
ing complete  information  in 
August. 

For  the  past  set  of  reunions, 
class  gifts  were  led  by  the  Class 
of  1941's  record  $341,653. 
Other  gifts  were:  Class  of  1946,  $75,298; 
Class  of  1951,  $149,881;  Class  of  1956, 
$143,688;  Class  of  1961,  $212,909;  Class 
of  1966,  $219,257;  Class  of  1971, 
$120,032;  Class  of  1976,  $104,681;  Class 
of  1981,  $129,755;  and  the  Class  of  1986, 
$48,463. 


19 


CLASS 
NOTES 


WRITE:  Class  Notes  Editor,  Duke  Magazine, 
614  Chapel  Drive,  Durham,  N.C.  27706 


CHANGE  OF  ADDRESS:  Alumni  1 

614  Chapel  Drive  Annex,  Durham,  N.C.  27706. 

Please  include  mailing  label  and  allow  six  weeks. 


NOTICE: 

class  note  material  we  receive  and  the 
long  lead  time  required  for  typesetting, 
design,  and  printing,  your  submission 
may  not  appear  for  three  to  four  issues. 
Alumni  are  urged  to  include  spouses' 
names  in  marriage  and  birth  announce- 
ments. We  do  not  record  engagements. 


30s  &  40s 


Henry  Miot  Cox  A.M.  '31  received  the  Sons  of 
the  American  Revolution's  Medal  for  Meritorious 
Service  when  he  retired  as  the  SAR's  secretary  last 
February.  He  is  executive  director  of  the  High  School 
Math  Association  of  America.  He  and  his  wife,  Claire, 
live  in  Lincoln,  Neb. 


Harris  Ligon  '3 1  was  named  a  Melvin 
Jones  Fellow  by  the  Lions  Clubs  International  Founda- 
tion. He  lives  in  Wrightsville  Beach,  N.C. 


Marguerite  Neel  Williams  '38  received  an 
International  Humanitarian  Award  from  CARE, 
the  world's  largest  private  relief  and  development 
organization.  She  and  her  husband,  Thomas,  live  in 
Thomasville,  Ga. 


S.  Marks  '42  has  retired  after  41  years  of 
medical  practice  in  Greensboro,  N.C.  He  and  his 
wife,  Anne  Marie,  live  in  Greensboro. 

James  Edwin  Rogers  8.D.  '42  received  an 

alumni  achievement  award  from  Barton  College  in 
Wilson,  N.C,  in  October.  A  retired  Methodist  minis- 
ter and  Army  chaplain,  he  and  his  wife,  Mildred,  live 
in  Edgefield,  S.C 

Annie  Ruth  Smith  Kelley  B.S.N.  46  was 

elected  to  the  local  board  of  Wachovia  Bank  of  North 
Carolina  in  Albemarle,  N.C.  She  is  a  trustee  and  past 
board  chairman  of  Stanley  Community  College. 

Wayne  Pennington  '46  has  closed  his  public 
relations  firm,  Pennington  Associates,  Inc.,  and 
retired.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Duke  Eye  Center's 
advisory  board.  He  lives  in  Raleigh. 

Richard  C.  Cook  M.F.  '49  received  the  EDI 
(electronic  data  interchange)  pioneer  award  for  his 
implementation  of  EDI  in  the  health  care  industry. 
He  lives  in  Cape  May  Point,  N.J. 

Ervin  Jackson  Jr.  '49  has  been  appointed  to  the 
Asa  Wright  Nature  Centre's  management  board.  He 
lives  in  Charlotte. 


THANK  YOU,  PROFESSOR! 


Ideas  may  come  and  go,  but  some  things  at  Duke  stay  with  you  forever. 

Honor  that  unforgettable  teacher  who  made  such  a  difference  in  your  life, 
through  visible  recognition  in  the  Library  —  the  crossroads  of  the  University.  Place 
a  bronze  plaque  on  a  carrel  door  to  commemorate  that  special  faculty  member  in 
perpetuity.  Your  $3,000  tax-deductible  gift  will  form  part  of  a  distinctive  library 
endowment.  (Call  91 9-684-2034  or  91 9-681  -8690  for  further  information.) 
Return  the  form  below  to  220  Perkins  Library,  Duke  University,  Durham,  NC  27706. 


Prof.'s  name 
Your  name  _ 
City 


Prof.'s  Dept. 

Address 

State 


Zip 


LJ     Enclosed  is  my  check  for  $3,000.  (Make  check  payable  to  Duke  University.) 
□     I  will  pay  in  three  annual  installments.  Enclosed  is  my  check  for  $1 ,000. 

I~l     I  will  pay  by  credit  card   Card  number exp.  date 

Signature 


50s 


Jr.  M.F.  '50,  chair- 
man of  T  &.  S  Hardwoods  Inc.,  was  reappointed  to  the 
Southern  Timber  Purchasers  Council  steering  com- 
mittee in  October.  He  lives  in  Milledgeville,  Ga. 


ick"  Squires  M.Div.  '51  is  national 
chaplain  of  the  American  Legion.  He  lives  in  Fair- 
mont, W.Va. 

Herbert  S.  Savitt  '52,  J.D.  '57  represented  Duke 
at  the  inauguration  of  the  president  of  the  University 
of  New  Haven.  He  lives  in  Ansonia,  Conn. 

J.  Roger  Shull  '52,  LL.B.  '54  is  chairman  of  the 
board  of  directors  of  United  Methodist  Homes  of 
Connecticut.  He  lives  in  Stratford,  Conn. 

David  E.  Hurst  '53,  a  retired  high  school  football 
coach,  was  named  to  the  Ohio  High  School  Football 
Coaches'  Association  Hall  of  Fame  in  Canton,  Ohio, 
last  July.  He  was  inducted  into  Middlesboro  (Ky.) 
High  School's  Hall  of  Fame  in  November.  He  and  his 
wife,  Colleen,  live  in  Speedwell,  Tenn. 


H.  Grigg  '54,  LL.B.  '58  is  vice  chairman 
of  Duke  Power  Co.'s  board  of  directors.  He  and  his  wife, 
Margaret,  and  their  three  children  live  in  Charlotte. 


C.  Mason  '54,  M.Div.  '57  was  honored 
with  an  endowed  research  fund  in  his  name  for  his 
25  years  as  director  of  the  Center  for  Religion  and 
Psychotherapy  at  the  center's  silver  anniversary  cele- 
bration last  March.  He  and  his  wife,  Margaret,  and 
their  five  children  live  in  Chicago. 


A.  Oakley  '54  received  Quincy  Col- 
lege's first  Christian  Borstadt  Award  for  his  distin- 
guished service  as  a  non-alumnus.  He  is  president  of 
Quincy  Newspapers,  Inc.,  and  publisher  of  the  Quincy 
Herald-Whig.  He  and  his  wife,  Anne  McDonald 
Oakley  '54,  live  in  Quincy,  111. 


'55  wrote  the  feature  article 
"Elevations:  Surviving  a  Lawsuit"  in  the  July/August 
1991  issue  of  North  Carolina  Architecture.  He  delivered 
a  speech  on  "Unauthorized  Practice  of  Law"  at  the 
N.C.  Paralegal  Association's  Practical  Skills  Mid- 
Year  Seminar  in  Asheville  in  September.  A  partner 
in  the  firm  Petree  Stockton  Si  Robinson,  he  lives  in 
Winston-Salem. 

Arthur  G.  Raynes  '56  received  the  1991  Justice 
Musmanno  Award,  presented  by  the  Philadelphia 
Trial  Lawyers  Association  in  October.  He  is  a  mem- 
ber of  Duke's  law  school  board  of  visitors  and  lives  in 
Philadelphia. 


Hall  Hutton  '57  was  named  interim 
dean  of  students  at  Emory  &  Henry  College.  She  and 
her  husband,  Thomas,  live  in  Abingdon,  Va. 

Thaddeus  Alvin  "Al"  Wheeler  Jr.  '57,  A.M. 
'72,  a  former  assistant  director  of  alumni  affairs  at 
Duke,  was  named  vice  president  of  Lenoir-Rhyne 
College  in  Hickory,  N.C,  in  October.  He  lives  in  W. 
Jefferson,  N.C. 


'58,  M.D.  '62  is  chair  of  ophthalmol- 
ogy at  Baylor  College  of  Medicine  in  Houston,  Texas. 

J.C.  Gilland  M.Div.  '59  was  awarded  the  doctor  of 
ministry  degree  by  Drew  University  in  October.  He 
lives  in  Charlotte. 

John  Tate  Lanning  Jr.  B.S.C.E.  '59  received 
the  Professional  Engineers  of  North  Carolina's  1990 


Distinguished  Sen-ice  Award.  He  and  his  wife, 
Michael  May  Lanning  '60,  and  their  three 
daughters  live  in  Raleigh,  N.C. 

MARRIAGES:  Fred  Smith  Gachet  '53  to  Shirley 
Ann  Fox  on  Sept.  14.  Residence:  Hickory,  N.C. 


60s 


Donald  K.  Hanks  B.D.  '60  is  the  author  of  Selec- 
tive Incapacitation:  Preventive  Detention  o/the  Violent 
Offender,  published  by  Vantage  Press  of  New  York.  He 
is  an  associate  professor  of  philosophy  at  the  Univer- 
sity of  New  Orleans. 

H.  Keith  Brunnemer  '61  is  partner  in  charge  of 
municipal  finance  for  First  Charlotte  Corp.  and  J.C. 


Bradford  &  Co.  He  1 


I  Charlotte. 


Roger  T.  Gregory  M.D.  '61  is  chief  of  surgery  at 
Sentara  Health  Systems.  He  and  his  wife,  Liz,  live  in 
Virginia  Beach,  Va. 

David  R.  Bryant  Ph.D.  '62  will  receive  the  1992 
American  Chemistry  Society  Award  in  Industrial 
Chemistry  in  April.  He  is  a  senior  corporate  fellow  at 
Union  Carbide's  S.  Charleston,  W.Va.,  Technical 
Center.  He  lives  in  Charleston. 

J.  Patrick  Clayton  '62  received  the  University 
of  South  Carolina  College  of  Business  Administra- 
tion's Distinguished  Alumni  Award  in  October.  A 
retired  partner-in-charge  of  tax  practices  for  Arthur 
Andersen  &  Co.,  he  lives  in  Miami,  Fla. 

John  C.  Bolton  M.D.  '63  is  vice  president  of  Cali- 
fornia's first  chapter  of  the  American  Academy  of 
Pediatrics.  He  is  assistant  clinical  professor  of  pedi- 
atrics at  the  University  of  California,  San  Francisco. 

Douglas  M.  Lawson  Ph.D.  '63  is  the  author  of 
Give  To  Live:  Hou<  Giving  Can  Change  Your  Life,  pub- 
lished by  ALT1.  He  lives  in  New  York  City. 

Gaillard  F.  Ravenel  II  '63,  chief  of  design  and 

installation  at  the  National  Gallery  of  Art,  received 
UNC-Chapel  Hill's  Distinguished  Alumnus  Award  in 
October.  He  lives  in  Washington,  D.C. 

Sara  Rice  "Sally"  Talbert  '63  writes  that  she 
beat  10-to-l  odds  to  survive  pneumonia  last  year.  She 
lives  in  Charlotte. 

L.  Jackson  Newell  Jr.  A.M.  '64,  dean  of  lib- 
eral education  at  the  University  of  Utah,  is  the  state's 
1 99 1  Professor  of  the  Year.  He  lives  in  Salt  Lake  City. 

Mary  Willis  Walker  '64  has  written  her  first 
book,  Zero  at  the  Bone,  a  mystery  novel  published  by 
St.  Martin's  Press  in  December.  She  and  her  husband, 
Edward,  live  in  Austin,  Texas. 

Kenneth  A.  Podger  Jr.  '65  practices  general 
dentistry  in  Durham,  N.C.  He  and  his  wife,  Jacqueline, 
live  in  Durham. 


Dowda  B.D.  '66,  Ph.D.  72  is  president 
of  the  Alabama  Independent  School  Headmasters' 
Association  for  the  1991-1992  school  year.  He  is  the 
headmaster  of  Tuscaloosa  Academy. 

Katherine  C.  Norris  B.S.M.E.  '66  is  on  the 
board  of  directors  of  the  Society  of  Women  Engineers. 
She  is  an  advisory  engineer  with  IBM  and  lives  in 
Milton,  Vt. 


PROVOST  IN  PLACE 


C.  Brooks  Jr.  '67  is  president  and  chief 
operating  officer  of  the  Associated  Doctors  Health  & 
Life  Insurance  Co.  in  Atlanta. 

Anne  W.  "Jan"  White  '67  is  practicing  domestic 
and  personal  injury  law  with  the  firm  Pasternak, 
Thompson  &  Fidis,  P.A.  in  Bethesda,  Md.  Her  part- 


Langford:  persistence  in  the  provostship 


When  then- 
provost 
Phillip  Grif- 
fiths  was  on  sabbatical 
leave  a  few  years  ago, 
Thomas  A.  Langford 
B.D.  '54,  Ph.D.  '58 
stepped  in  as  acting 
provost  Last  summer, 
while  the  university 
conducted  a  nation- 
wide search  for  Grif- 
fiths' replacement, 
Langford  seemed  the 
practical  choice  to 
serve  in  the  interim. 
Although  Langford  had 
no  ambitions  for  the 
permanent  post,  the 
board  of  trustees  felt 


"[President]  Keith 
Brodie  is  a  very  persua- 
sive leader,"  says  Lang- 
ford. "As  much  as  I 
love  Duke,  when  he 
discussed  the  possibil- 
ity of  my  taking  the 
provostship  on  a  per- 
manent basis,  I  urged 
him  to  look  more 
broadly." 

But  with  the  enthu- 
siastic support  of  the 
trustees,  Langford 
accepted  the  appoint- 
ment A  North  Caro- 
lina native,  Langford 
has  been  immersed  in 
university  matters 
since  joining  the  reli- 
gion department's  fac- 
ulty in  1956.  He  was 
dean  of  the  divinity 
school  from  1971 
through  1981  and 
served  as  vice  provost 
for  academic  affairs. 
The  William  KeUon 
Quick  Professor  of 


Theology  and 
Methodist  Studies, 
Langford  was  the  first 
recipient  of  the  Out- 
standing Undergradu- 
ate Teacher  award, 
presented  by  the  stu- 
dent government  in 
1965.  He  also  received 
the  divinity  school's 
Distinguished  Alum- 
nus Award  in  1979. 

A  minister  in  the 
Western  North  Caro- 
lina Theological  Con- 
ference of  the  United 
Methodist  Church, 
Langford  is  an  author- 
ity on  systematic  theol- 
ogy, philosophical  the- 
ology, and  British 
theology.  Although 
matters  spiritual  per- 
vade his  public  and  pri- 
vate life,  Langford  says 
his  scholarly  prepara- 
tion didn't  really  have 
a  direct  impact  on  his 
administrative  style. 

"1  don't  think  my 
academic  training  nec- 
essarily made  much  of 
a  difference.  But  my 
personality  was  shaped 
by  those  interests  and 
commitments,  and  so  I 
would  say  that  has 
affected  my  personal 
rather  than  profes- 
sional outlook." 

As  provost,  Langford 
plans  to  continue  fur- 
thering "the  interna- 
tionalization of  the  uni- 
versity." Last  year, 
Langford  chaired  a 
committee  that  exam- 
ined ways  for  Duke  to 
expand  its  involvement 
in  world  matters. 


net  is  Marcia  Coleman  Fidis  '67.  She  lives 
with  her  two  daughters  in  Chevy  Chase,  Md. 

Bruce  D.  Alexander  J. D.  '68,  senior  vice  president 
for  the  Rouse  Co.,  chairs  Goucher  College's  board  of 
trustees  in  Baltimore.  He  lives  in  Columbia,  Md. 

Anne  McCoy  Bramlette  '68  is  managing  edi- 
tor at  Columbia  University  Press.  She  lives  in  New 
York  City. 

Robert  A.  Roth  '68  has  received  a  $300,000  Tox- 
icology Scholar  Award  from  the  Burroughs  Wellcome 
Fund.  He  is  a  professor  o(  pharmacology  and  toxicology 
at  Michigan  State  University  in  East  Lansing,  Mich. 

Charles  T.  Clotfelter  '69,  Duke  professor  of 
public  policy  studies  and  economics,  was  installed  as 
president  of  the  Southern  Economic  Association  in 
November.  He  is  the  fifth  Duke  professor  to  receive 
the  honor.  He  lives  in  Durham. 

Agnes  Thompson  Manning  '69  is  an  estate 
and  trust  specialist  in  Atlanta.  Her  husband,  Donald 
E.  Manning  '68,  is  director  of  the  Emory  Univer- 
sity Center  for  Geriatrics  and  medical  director  of 
Wesley  Woods  Geriatric  Center.  They  live  with  their 
daughter,  Jennifer  Manning  '94,  in  Atlanta. 

MARRIAGES:  Meredith  Brenizer  Cox  '64  to 

Emest  John  Sabol  Jr.  on  Oct.  12.  Residence:  Norfolk, 
Va. . . .  David  L.  Burke  '65  to  Mildred  A.  Lee  on 
Oct.  12.  Residence:  Chelsea,  Mass. 


70s 


John  R.  Sanders  '70  is  serving  naval  duty  aboard 
the  aircraft  carrier  USS  Saratoga,  whose  home  port  is 
Mayport,  Fla. 

Ward  M.  Cates  71,  Ed.D.  '79  is  an  associate  pro- 
fessor at  Lehigh  University.  He  and  his  wife,  Anne, 
and  their  daughter  live  in  Bethlehem,  Pa. 

W.  Bertram  Hitchcock  Ph.D.  71  is  the  author 

of  De  Remnant  Truth:  The  Tales  of)ake  Mitchell  and 
Robert  Wilton  Burton,  published  by  the  University  of 
Alabama  Press.  He  is  an  English  professor  at  Auburn 
University  in  Alabama. 

James  L.  Stuart  B.S.E.  71  works  in  the  Raleigh 
office  of  the  McNair  law  firm. 

C.  Maxine  "Maxie"  Temp  let  on  71  was 

selected  Naval  Reserve  Sailor  of  the  Quarter  for  July- 
September  1991.  He  serves  at  the  Naval  Control  of 
Shipping  office  in  Houston. 

Lydia  Eure  Barker  72  earned  her  J.D.  from 
Georgia  State  last  year  and  practices  law  with  Wilson, 
Strickland  &  Benson  in  Atlanta.  Her  husband, 
Steven  R.  Barker  72,  completed  an  obstetrics 
and  gynecology  residency  at  Emory  University  in  1988. 
They  live  with  their  two  children  in  Marietta,  Ga. 

Anne  Johnson  East  72  was  named  president 
and  CEO  of  Biltmore  Investors  Bank  in  Lake  Forest, 
111.,  just  prior  to  the  bank's  opening  last  July.  She  lives 
in  Hinsdale. 

N.  Allison  Haltom  72  was  named  to  the  Durham 
board  of  NCNB  (now  NationsBank).  She  is  univer- 
sity secretary  at  Duke.  She  and  her  husband,  David  R. 
McClay  Jr.,  and  their  two  children  live  in  Durham. 

Stephen  Happel  A.M.  72,  Ph.D.  76,  who  teaches 

business  at  Arizona  State  University,  is  Arizona's 
1991  Professor  of  the  Year. 

Sara  Cushing  Smith  72  saw  her  first  book,  You, 
Too.  Can  Write,  published  in  the  fall  of  1990.  She  is 
the  liaison/ambassador  between  Piedmont  Technical 
College  and  Lander  College,  and  teaches  English  at 


ACCENT  ON  ABILITY 


A  call  from 
Esquire  maga- 
zine to  Richard 
Salem's  law  office  in 
1984  was  initially 
thought  to  be  a  sub- 
scription solicitation. 
But  the  caller  persisted 
and  eventually  was  put 
through  to  Salem  J.D. 
'72,  president  of  Salem, 
Saxon  &  Nielsen.  As  it 
turned  out,  the  maga- 
zine was  conducting  a 
preliminary  search  for 
its  "Best  of  a  Genera- 
tion" feature.  Salem 
was  eventually  selected 
for  inclusion  in  the 
magazine's  pages, 
which  highlighted  the 
contributions  of  men 
and  women  under  the 
age  of  forty  "who 
embody  the  best  of 
America." 

Salem  appears  to  put 
public  praise  aside  for 
more  meaningful,  tan- 
gible accomplishments. 
His  volunteer  and  com- 
munity service  work 
consumes  much  of  his 


time  away  from  his  suc- 
cessful business  law 
practice,  which  he 
established  at  the  age 
of  thirty-four. 

Late  last  year,  Salem 
was  tapped  to  head  the 
International  Bar  Asso- 
ciation's newly-orga- 
nized standing  commit- 
tee on  lawyers  with  dis- 
abilities. It's  a  cause 
that  hits  close  to  home: 
He  lost  his  sight  at  the 
age  of  sixteen  from  a 
degenerative  disease. 

"There  are  two  pri- 
mary barriers  I've 
encountered  as  a  per- 
son with  a  disability: 
attitudinal  and  physi- 
cal," he  says.  But  while 
physical  obstacles, 
such  as  finding  texts  in 
Braille  or  on  tape,  have 
become  less  of  a  prob- 
lem, Salem  says  chang- 
ing the  way  people 
think  about  disabilities 
takes  longer.  "I  think 
there  are  preconceived 
notions  on  the  part  of 
many  able-bodied  peo- 


Attomey  Salem: 
breaking  dmtm  barriers 

pie  that  a  disability  pre- 
cludes you  from  certain 
functions  or  activities, 
as  opposed  to  an  appre- 
ciation for  the  fact  that 
you  do  them  in  a  dif- 
ferent way — which  is 
how  most  disabled  peo- 
ple approach  life  in 
general." 

The  Tampa  resident 
is  also  active  in  the 
Lighthouse  for  the 
Blind  organization,  the 
Tampa  Chamber  of 
Commerce,  the  Florida 
School  for  the  Deaf  and 
Blind,  St.  Jude's  Chil- 
dren's  Hospital,  Boy 


Scouts  of  America,  and 
the  state's  foreign  in- 
vestment and  trade 
council. 

The  most  fulfilling 
part  of  his  life,  he  says, 
is  his  family.  A  former 
assistant  in  his  law  firm, 
Eileen  Monley,  offered 
sympathy  when  Salem 
was  recovering  from  a 
dislocated  shoulder 
sustained  in  a  surfing 
accident.  They  married 
and  had  two  daughters: 
Susan,  who  is  five  and 
a  half,  and  Elizabeth, 
now  almost  a  year  old. 

Because  of  his  dis- 
ability, Salem  says  he 
took  the  challenge  of 
marriage  and  raising 
children  "very  seri- 
ously. But  if  I  knew 
then  what  I  know  now, 
we  would  have  a  whole 
house  full  of  children. 
My  daughter  Susan  has 
accepted  that  her  father 
can't  see.  She  says,  'My 
daddy  sees  through  my 
eyes.'  And  I  really  do." 


both.  She  and  her  husband,  Bertram,  live  in  Green- 
wood, S.C. 

Charles  I.  Bunn  Jr.  73  attended  the  second 
annual  convention  of  the  National  Association  of 
Certified  Fraud  Examiners  in  Orlando,  Fla.  He  is  a 
certified  public  accountant  and  fraud  t 
Smithfield,  N.C. 


K.  Evans  '73  is  the  author  of  Unusual 
and  Most  Popular  Baby  Names,  published  by  Consumer's 
Guide  and  Signet.  He  is  an  associate  professor  of  psy- 
chology at  Bellevue  College.  A  member  of  the  national 
executive  board  of  Presbyterians  for  Lesbian  and  Gay 
Concerns,  he  lives  in  Omaha,  Neb. 

Gene  Ferreri  73  is  an  attorney  with  the  benefits 
consulting  firm  Findley,  Davies  and  Co.  His  wife, 
Lyn  Barlow  Ferreri  73,  teaches  accounting  at 
UNC-Charlotte.  They  live  in  Charlotte. 

A.  John  Roche  Ph.D.  73,  director  of  Rhode 
Island  College's  Writing  Center,  is  Rhode  Island's 
1991  Professor  of  the  Year. 

Carol  R.  Williams  73  is  the  evening  news 
anchor  at  WCPO-TV  in  Cincinnati.  She  and  her 
husband,  Jim  Mahon,  live  in  Cincinnati. 

Catherine  J.  Barrie  74  is  director  of  services 
for  the  Missouri  Bar.  She  and  her  husband,  Thomas 
R.  Schwarz  Jr.,  and  their  two  sons  live  in  Jefferson 
City,  Mo. 

David  C.  Crago  74,  who  earned  his  J.D.  degree 
from  the  University  of  Michigan,  is  assistant  law  pro- 
fessor at  Ohio  Northern  University. 

Larry  J.  Reynolds  Ph.D.  74  is  the  co-editor  of 
"These  Sad  But  Glorious  Days":  Dispatches  From  Europe, 
1846-1 950,  a  compendium  of  Margaret  Fuller's  letters 
published  by  Yale  University  Press.  He  is  a  professor 
of  English  at  Texas  A&M  University. 


Stanley  G.  Brading  Jr.  75,  who  earned  his  J.D. 
degree  from  Washington  6k  Lee  University,  is  a  part- 
ner in  the  firm  Swift,  Currie,  McGhee  &  Hiers  in 
Atlanta.  He  is  a  board  member  of  the  Duke  Alumni 
Association. 

Richard  T.  Howerton  M.H.A.  75  has  been 
elected  vice  chair  of  Appalachian  State  University's 
board  of  trustees.  He  is  executive  vice  president  of 
Presbyterian  Hospital  in  Charlotte,  N.C. 


C.  Lowe  75  is  a  marketing  manager 
with  Kuczmarski  &  Associates  in  Chicago. 

Bruce  I.  Howell  Ph.D.  76,  president  of  Wake 
Technical  Community  College  in  Raleigh,  was  elected 
president  of  the  N.C.  Association  of  Colleges  and 
Universities  in  November. 


Janet  Jacobs  McLamb  A.M.  76  is  i 
director  of  the  N.C.  Commission  of  Indian  Affairs.  A 
member  of  the  Lumbee  tribe,  she  lives  in  Raleigh. 

Richard  Reinhart  76  was  elected  president  of 
the  Marshfield  Medical  Research  Foundation's  board 
of  directors.  He  lives  in  Marshfield,  Wis. 

Nancy  M.  Schlichting  76  was  one  of  12  recog- 
nized by  Modern  Healthcare  as  an  "Up  and  Comer." 
She  is  chief  operating  officer  at  Riverside  Methodist 
Hospitals  and  lives  in  Worthington,  Ohio. 

Stephen  W.  linger  M.D.  76  was  a  distinguished 
delegate  and  program  secretary  at  the  Sino-American 
endoscopic  surgery  conference  in  China  last  September. 


M.  White  76  has  opened  a  law  firm, 
Tron  &  White,  in  Pasadena,  Calif. 

John  A.  CommitO  Ph.D.  77,  who  teaches  biol- 
ogy at  Hood  College,  is  Maryland's  1991  Professor  of 
the  Year. 

Craig  D.  Everhart  77  works  at  the  U.S.  Mission 
to  the  United  Nations  in  Geneva,  Switzerland,  where 
he  and  his  wife,  Suzanne,  live. 


Alicia  "Chix"  Gonzalez  B.S.N.  77,  a  clinical 
nurse  specialist  in  adult  psychiatry  at  Duke,  presented 
a  poster  session  on  ineffective  denial  at  a  nursing 
diagnosis  conference  in  Williamsburg,  Va.,  last  June. 
She  and  her  husband,  Irvin  Eisen,  and  their  two  chil- 
dren live  in  Durham. 

Peter  Anthony  Levinson  77  is  vice  president 
of  the  private  client  group  of  Wheat,  First  Securities. 
He  and  his  wife,  Cynthia,  live  in  Charlotte,  N.C. 

Katherine  A.  Braun  78  is  a  physical  therapist 
and  owner  of  Sports  Therapy  and  Rehabilitation  in 
Washington,  D.C.  Her  husband,  Steven  E.  King 

78,  is  a  senior  research  physicist  at  the  U.S.  Naval 
Research  Laboratory  in  Washington.  They  live  in 
Springfield,  Va. 


Jeffrey  E.  Friedman  78  is  director  of  edu 
for  Newton  Medical  Group  in  San  Francisco.  He  and 
his  wife,  Katherine,  and  daughter  live  in  El  Cerrito, 
Calif. 

Janice  K.  Church  79,  who  earned  her  Ph.D.  in 
clinical  psychology  from  the  University  of  Louisville 
in  May,  is  a  psychologist  and  assistant  professor  of 
pediatrics  at  the  University  of  Arkansas  for  Medical 
Sciences. 

Ellen  Erway  Evans  79  is  an  actuary  with 
USAA  Insurance.  She  and  her  husband,  James,  live 
in  San  Antonio,  Texas. 


C.  Farquhar  79  is  senior  legal  adviser 
to  the  Federal  Communications  Commission.  Last 
May  she  received  the  1990-91  Federal  Communica- 
tions Bar  Association  Distinguished  Service  Award. 
She  lives  in  Bethesda,  Md. 

William  C.  Nordlund  J.D.  79  is  vice  president, 
secretary,  and  general  counsel  for  Oxford  Energy  Co. 
in  Dearborn,  Mich. 

Robert  E.  Zom  79  is  chairman  of  Russell-Zorn 
Computing  Corp.  He  lives  in  Dallas. 

MARRIAGES:  Sarah  Elizabeth  Cushing  72 

to  Bertram  Smith  on  May  18,  1991.  Residence: 
Greenwood,  S.C...  Sandra  Zillah  Rainwater 
75  to  Frederick  Field  Brott  on  Oct.  26.  Residence: 
Arlington,  Va....  Steven  E.  King  76,  Ph.D.  '83 
to  Katherine  A.  Braun  78  on  Feb.  9, 1991. 
Residence:  Springfield,  Va....  Peter  Anthony 
Levinson  77  to  Cynthia  Susan  Sims  on  Oct.  5. 
Residence:  Charlotte,  N.C...  Ellen  Ruth  Erway 
79  to  James  G.  Evans  on  March  28,  1991.  Residence: 
San  Antonio. 

BIRTHS:  Fourth  child  and  son  to  John  Howell 
72,  J.D.  75  and  Gina  Howell  on  Sept.  10.  Named 
Stephen  Daniel. . .  First  child  and  daughter  to  Carol 
R.  Williams  73  and  Jim  Mahon  on  Aug.  8.  Named 
Katherine. . .  Second  child  and  first  son  to  Lee  S. 
Dennison  75  and  Lisa  Dennison  on  Nov.  1.  Named 
Stephen  Lee...  Son  to  Amy  M.  Davis  76and 
J.  Philip  Saul  78,  M.D.  '82  on  Sept.  5.  Named 
Andrew  Davis  Saul. . .  Daughter  to  Doug  S. 
Doores  B.S.E.  77  and  Amy  E.  Doores  on  June  15. 
Named  Jessica  Violet. . .  Second  child  and  son  to 
Craig  D.  Everhart  77  and  Suzanne  B.  Everhart 
on  Aug.  13.  Named  Ian  Robert. . .  Third  child  and  son 
to  Charles  Wesley  Lallier  77  and  Rebecca 
Ragsdale  Lallier  77  on  Aug.  28.  Named  Scott 
Wesley. . .  Second  child  and  first  daughte 
Shields  Putnam  77,  M.D.  '81  and 
Bean  Putnam  78,  M.B.A.  '83  on  Aug.  23. 
Named  Alexandta  Carol. . .  Second  son  to  Lori  E. 
Terens  77,  J.D.  '80  and  Eric  J.  Holshouser 
J.D.  '80  on  Feb.  3,  1991.  Named  Andrew  Todd... 
Third  child  and  daughter  to  Emily  Busse  Bragg 
78  and  Steve  Bragg  on  Feb.  28,  1991.  Named  Alison 
Hillary...  A  daughter  to  Jeffrey  Friedman  78 
and  Katherine  Lee  on  Nov.  26,  1990.  Named  Kelly 
Anna. . .  Second  child  and  daughter  to  Peter  V. 
Rogers  78  and  Valerie  L.  Crotty  '80  on  Dec. 


14,  1990.  Named  Caroline  Crotty. . .  First  child  and 
son  to  William  A.  Stokes  Jr.  '78,  M.B.A.  '84 
and  Lucy  Gardner  Stokes  on  June  4.  Named  William 
Avis  III...  Second  child  and  daughter  to  Richard 
W.  Tauscher  78  and  Victoria  Johnston 
Tauscher  M.E.M.  '80  on  July  16.  Named  Lauren 
Meredith. . .  Second  child  and  first  son  to  John  H. 
Wygal  78  and  Deborah  Morelli  Wygal  81  on 
April  25,  1991.  Named  William  Lee  Horsley...  Sec- 
ond child  and  son  to  Jeanne  Marie  Erickson 
B.S.N.  '79  and  Jonathon  Dean  Truwit  BSE. 
79  on  Sept.  25.  Named  Matthew  Eric. .  Third  child 
and  first  daughter  to  Lynne  L.  Marshall  '79  and 
Michael  H.  Truscott  on  Aug.  12.  Named  Karen 
Lyle...  Daughter  to  Steven  D.  Wasserman  J.D. 
79  and  Sandra  Kronish  Wasserman  J.D.  '81 
on  Oct.  9.  Named  Allison  Rachel. 


80s 


Margo  Brinkley  A.M.  '80  is  assistant  director  of 
the  Research  Triangle  Institute  Center  for  Survey 
Research. 

Robert  Stancell  Howell  '80  was  appointed 

dean  of  enrollment  at  Muskingum  College  in  New 
Concord,  Ohio. 

Stephen  Michael  Hunt  B.S.E.  '80  is  serving  in 
the  Mediterranean  as  administrative  department  head 
for  Naval  Fighter  Squadron  3 1 . 

Jeffrey  R.  Kennedy  '80  practices  general  den- 
tistry in  Chapel  Hill.  His  wife,  Rebecca  Smith 

Kennedy  '80,  is  a  radiologist  practicing  in  Greens- 
boro, N.C.  They  live  with  their  son  in  Carrboro. 


Edward  R.  Laskowski  '80  is  a  senior  associate 
consultant  in  the  physical  medicine  and  rehabilita- 
tion department  at  the  Mayo  Clinic  in  Rochester, 
Minn.  He  is  a  medical  representative  to  the  U.S. 
Olympic  Committee  on  Sports  for  the  Disabled.  His 
wife,  Linda  Chiovari  Laskowski  '80,  is  a  sci- 
ence teacher  currently  on  a  leave  of  absence.  They 
live  in  Rochester,  Minn. 

James  R.  Ricciuti  '80,  A.M.  '84,  Ph.D.  '84  is 
executive  director  of  the  Washington  office  of  Merck 
6k  Co.,  Inc. 

M.  Dwayne  Smith  Ph.D.  '80  was  named  sociol- 
ogy chair  at  Tulane  University  in  New  Orleans. 

Sandy  Clingan  Smith  "80,  M.B.A.  '83  has 
joined  the  marketing  department  ot  Hardees'  Food 
Systems  in  Rocky  Mount,  N.C.  She  is  a  member  of 
the  Duke  Alumni  Association's  board  of  directors. 
She  and  her  husband,  Smitty,  live  in  Raleigh. 

Jody  Laursen  Sperduto  '80  earned  her  Ph.D. 
in  clinical  psychology  at  Washington  University.  Her 
husband,  Paul  W.  Sperduto  '80,  A.M.  '84,  M.D. 
'84,  has  completed  his  fellowship  at  the  National 
Cancer  Institute  and  is  assistant  professor  of  radiation 
oncology  and  stereotactic  radiosurgery  director  at  the 
University  of  Minnesota.  They  live  with  their  two 
children  in  Minneapolis. 

Kent  "Casey"  Brokenshire  '81  has  been  U.S. 
vice  consul  to  Haiti  since  joining  the  foreign  service 


Joel  W.  Burdick  '81  was  selected  a  1991  Presi- 
dential Young  Investigator  by  the  National  Science 
Foundation.  He  is  an  assistant  professor  of  mechanical 
engineering  at  California  Institute  of  Technology  in 
Pasadena. 


well  and  exercise  sensibly 
to  achieve  lasting  results. 

""T^^'Vo  nun^ldu^atl 

and  fitness  Center  far  exBrthe  pro„rams  are 

owelghtloss  plan  personalize! for  you. 

that  works.  Sfays  of  various  iengt„s 

the  DFC  is  a  medically  a 
supervised  program 


of  lives. 
For  16  years,  we  have 


lose  weight  and  become 
healthier.  Learn  to  eat 


us  now  at  (9 1 9/684-633 1 

Or  write  to  the 

Duke  University  Diet  &  Fitness  Center 

DUMCBox2914-L 

Durham,  NC  27710. 


Duke  University  Diet  &  Fitness  Center 
It's  more  than  just  a  weight-loss 

It's  a  healthful  way  of  life! 


For  The  Best 
In  Retirement  Living 

Gracious  Living 

Cottages,  apartments,  many 
appealing  features  in  community 
designed  for  residents  age  65  and  over. 
Lovely  dining  and  club  rooms,  indoor 
pool,  transportation,  and  much  more. 
Entry  fee  plus  monthly  service  fee. 

Excellent  Location 

Our  42-acre  site  has  walking  trails, 
historic  bam,  yet  is  close  to  mall, 
shops,  and  Duke  campus. 

The  Life  Care  Advantage  - 

Ends  worries  about  nursing  care 
costs  and  availability.  Care  will  be 
provided  on-site,  in  affiliation  with 
Duke  University  Medical  Center. 

Please  call  or  write  for  details: 


3600-C  University  Drive 

Durham,  North  Carolina  27707 

(919)490-8000 


BEST  FACE  FORWARD 


It  wasn't  as  if  Tina  S. 
Alster  '81  set  out  to 
become  a  high* 
profile  physician.  But 
as  one  of  five  specially 
trained  laser  surgeons 
in  North  America — 
and  the  only  one  in  the 
Washington,  D.C., 
metropolitan  area — she 
finds  her  patient  case 
load  continually 
expanding. 

Alster's  expertise  lies 
in  treating  benign  vas- 
cular lesions,  which  are 
disfiguring  port-wine 
stains.  Although  they 
are  usually  not  life- 
threatening,  the  pur- 
plish-red birthmarks — 
like  the  one  on  the 
forehead  of  former 
Soviet  president 
Mikhail  Gorbachev — 
can  be  devastating  for 
the  people  who  have 
them.  But  until  recent 
developments  in  laser 
technology  made  it 
possible  to  eliminate 
these  marks,  patients 
had  few  options. 

"We  all  have  our 
little  flaws  that  we're 
self-conscious  about," 
Alster  says.  "But  it's 
nothing  compared  to 
what  these  people  go 
through.  One  woman 
who  came  to  see  me 
had  such  severe  discol- 
oration that  she  had  to 
use  heavy  makeup  to 
cover  it  up.  Her  hus- 
band and  son  had  never 
seen  her  face  without 
heavy  makeup.  There 
are  some  adults  who 
have  literally  lived 


Alster:  erasing  traces  ofimperfec 


their  lives  as  hermits." 

Using  a  pulsed  dye 
laser,  Alster  can  treat 
the  affected  skin  with- 
out harming  the  sur- 
rounding healthy  skin. 
The  laser  destroys  the 
enlarged  blood  vessels 
that  cause  the  pigmen- 
tation. Treatment  nor- 
mally involves  six  to 
eight  office  visits  and  is 
performed  without 
anesthesia.  Alster  com- 
pares the  procedure's 
minimal  discomfort  to 
being  "snapped"  with  a 
rubber  band.  With 
young  children,  she 
uses  a  topical  numbing 
cream. 

"Half  my  patient 
load  is  children,"  says 
Alster.  "They  don't 
appreciate  what  I  do  as 
much  as  adults  who 
have  had  to  live 


through  a  lifetime  of 
ridicule.  That's  why  I 
love  treating  children, 
because  it  prevents 
them  from  having  to 
live  with  the  psycho- 
social impact  caused  by 
such  a  noticeable  dis- 
figurement." 

After  graduation 
from  Duke,  Alster 
studied  internal  medi- 
cine at  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania  and 
completed  her  post- 
graduate residency  at 
Yale.  That's  when  she 
became  interested  in 
treating  vascular 
lesions.  She  was 
accepted  into  a  one- 
year  clinical  and 
research  program  in 
Boston,  where  she 
learned  laser  surgery. 

Alster  estimates  she 
now  sees  about  a  hun- 


dred patients  a  month 
because  the  demand 
for  her  specialty  is  so 
high.  Through  George- 
town University,  where 
she  is  a  member  of  the 
pediatrics  department, 
Alster  is  teaching  other 
physicians  how  to  use 
the  pulsed  dye  laser. 

"I've  been  inundated 
with  patients  from 
around  the  world," 
says  Alster.  "Many  are 
referred  by  word-of- 
mouth.  Some  adults, 
for  example,  who  long 
ago  stopped  asking  if 
anything  could  be 
done,  will  see  someone 
[in  the  process  of  hav- 
ing the  marks  removed] 
and  ask  for  my  name." 
This  procedure,  she 
adds,  "is  as  close  to 
magic  as  we  get  in 
medicine." 


Mary  Callahan  Clark  '81  is  director  of  alloca- 
tion for  Marshall's  Inc.  of  Andover,  Mass.  She  and 
her  husband,  Barry,  and  their  son  live  in  Tewksbury, 
Mass. 


Russell  M.  Robinson  III  81  ii 

with  the  law  firm  Schell,  Bray,  Aycock,  Abel  and 
Livingston.  He  and  his  wife,  Ann,  and  their  two  sons 
live  in  Greensboro,  N.C. 

Brent  Clarke  Birely  '82  is  completing  chief 
residency  in  general  surgery  at  Union  Memorial  Hos- 
pital in  Baltimore. 

Tia  L.  Cottey  '82,  J.D.  '85  is  associate  counsel  and 
assistant  vice  president  at  NCNB  National  Bank  of 
Florida  in  Tampa. 

Kerry  E.  Hannon  '82  is  a  staff  writer  at  Money 
magazine  in  New  York. 

Monica  Donath  Kohnen  '82  is  a  partner  with 
the  law  firm  Graydon,  Head  &  Ritchey  in  Cincinnati. 

Dipak  D.  Nadkarni  '82,  who  joined  the  Naval 
Reserve  in  1991,  has  completed  the  officer  indoctri- 
nation school  at  the  Naval  Education  and  Training 
Center  in  Newport,  R.l. 


Peter  J.  Rea  '82  teaches  English  literature  and 
geography  at  the  Resalest  Educational  Center,  a  pri- 
vate high  school  in  Quezon  City,  the  Philippines.  He 
and  his  wife,  Alicia,  live  in  Quezon  City. 

Michael  Redmond  '82  is  pursuing  a  Ph.D.  and 
teaching  computer  science  at  Rutgers  University.  He 
and  his  wife,  Susan,  live  in  Maple  Shade,  N.J. 

Lawrence  A.  Reid  '82  is  co-author,  with  Philadel- 
phia Eagles'  "Minister  of  Defense"  Reggie  White,  of 
The  Reggie  White  Touch  Football  Playbook:  Winning 
Plays,  Rules,  and  Safety  Tips,  published  by  Warrenton 
Press.  He  lives  in  Arlington,  Va. 


F.  Wyatt  III  J.D.  '82  practices  criminal 
trial  law  in  Charlotte,  N.C. 


Lynette  Remen  Zinberg  J.D.  '82  works  in  real 
estate  law  in  the  N.Y.  office  of  McDermott,  Will  &. 
Emery. 


G.  Almquist  '83  is  associate  counsel  in 
the  legal  affairs  division  of  Electronic  Data  Systems 
Corp.  in  Dallas. 


Phillip  E.  Barber  M.B.A.  '83  works  in  Atlantic 
Richfield  Co.'s  acquisitions,  divestitures,  and  business 
development  group  in  Long  Beach,  Calif.  He  and  his 
wife,  Susan,  and  their  two  children  live  in  Santa 
Monica. 

Harvey  M.  Chimoff  '83  has  been  promoted  to 
brand  manager  for  specialty  teas  at  Thomas  J. 
Lipton  Co.  in  Englewood  Cliffs,  N.J.  He  lives  in 
Edgewater,  N.J. 

Daniel  F.  Goulash  J.D.  '83  is  secretary  of  the 
young  lawyers  division  of  the  American  Bar  Associa- 
tion. He  works  with  Porter,  Wright,  Morris  &  Arthur 
in  Cleveland,  Ohio. 

Nancy  E.  Duckies  '84  is  a  resident  in  anesthesi- 
ology at  the  University  of  Virginia.  She  and  her  hus- 
band, Cameron  J.  Sears,  live  in  Charlottesville. 

Edward  L.  "Ned"  Etris  '84,  who  received  his 
Ph.D.  in  geology  from  the  University  of  South  Car- 
olina in  February  1991,  works  in  Canada  as  a  research 
geologist  for  the  Hunter  Petroleum  Co.  He  and  his 
wife,  Patricia,  live  in  Calgary,  Alberta. 

Deborah  Bober  Hamilton  '84  is  a  senior  agri- 
business analyst  for  CF  Industries.  She  and  her  hus- 
band, James,  and  their  daughter  live  in  Deerfield,  111. 

Matthew  A.  McQueen  '84,  a  Navy  lieutenant 
commissioned  in  1989,  is  a  flight  surgeon  in  Iwakuni, 
Japan,  where  he  and  his  wife,  Mary  Ann,  and  their 
two  sons  live. 


Arthur  G. 

consultant  with  Kuczmarski 


is  a  marketing 
Associates  in  Chicago. 


Brett  L.  Wilson  '84,  M.D.  '88,  who  completed  his 
pediatric  residency  in  June  at  Vanderbilt  University 
Hospital  in  Nashville,  Term.,  has  joined  a  pediatrics 
private  practice  group  in  Cary,  N.C. 

John  Michael  Campbell  '85,  a  1990  graduate 
of  the  University  of  South  Carolina's  law  school,  is 
an  associate  attorney  with  the  Richter  firm  in 
Charleston,  S.C. 


H.  Golwyn  Jr.  '85  is  a  radiology  resident 
at  Vanderbilt  University  Medical  Center.  He  lives  in 
Nashville,  Tenn. 


Feigin  Harris  '85  is  associate  attorney  at 
Vinson  &  Elkins.  She  and  her  husband,  Jonathon, 
and  daughter  live  in  Houston. 


'85,  M.S.E.  '87  is  pursu- 
ing his  Ph.D.  in  plant  molecular  biology  at  Duke.  His 

wife,  Susan  Dabney  Hollandsworth  Heifetz 

'87,  is  a  second-year  medical  student  at  Wake  Forest 
University's  Bowman  Gray  School  of  Medicine  in 
Winston-Salem.  They  live  in  Hillsborough. 

Warren  Scott  Hilton  B.S.E.  '85,  a  graduate  stu- 
dent at  George  Mason  University,  is  a  systems  engi- 
neer with  the  MITRE  Corp.  in  McLean,  Va.  He  and 
his  wife,  Judith,  live  in  Reston,  Va. 

Alisa  R.  Lepselter  '85  is  an  associate  film  editor 
on  This  is  My  Life,  a  Fox  production  directed  by  Nora 
Ephron  and  starring  Julie  Kavner,  Dan  Aykroyd,  and 
Carrie  Fisher.  Her  husband,  Charles  D.  Roos  '85, 
They  live  in  Manhattan. 


Neil  D.  McFeeley  J.D.  '85  was  elected  to  the 
American  Judicare  Society's  board  of  directors  at  its 
annual  meeting  in  Atlanta.  He  is  an  attorney  with 
the  law  firm  Eberle,  Berlin,  Kading,  Turnbow  6k 
McKlveen  in  Boise,  Idaho. 

Karen  S.  Sheehan  '85  earned  her  M.D.  from 
Northeastern  Ohio  Universities  College  of  Medicine 
last  May.  She  is  a  diagnostic  radiology  resident  at 


24 


MecroHeakh  Medical  Center  in  Cleveland  and  1 
in  Hudson,  Ohio. 


dd  Wiehe  '85  is  a  senior  financial  ana- 
lyst with  GE  Capital  Retailer  Financial  Services  in 
London,  England.  She  and  her  husband,  Steven,  live 
in  nearby  Maidenhead. 

Melissa  Perry  Winchester  '85  is  a  computer 
programmer  with  LogicWorks,  Inc.  She  and  her  hus- 
band, Andy,  live  in  W.  Palm  Beach,  Fla. 

Jeffrey  B.  Coopersmith  '86,  an  Emory  law 
school  graduate,  is  an  associate  at  Covington  &  Burling 
in  Washington,  D.C.  He  and  his  wife,  Stephanie 
H.  Snow  '87,  live  in  Arlington,  Va. 

Vincent  F.  Crump  '86  graduated  from  the  Evening 
Executive  M.B.A.  program  at  Duke's  Fuqua  School  of 
Business  in  October.  He  lives  in  Durham. 


J.  Flaherty  '86,  who  earned  his  mas- 
ter's from  Westminster  Theological  Seminary  in 
Philadelphia,  works  in  alcohol  and  drug  rehabilitation 
at  Teen  Challenge  Philadelphia  Men's  Home. 


C.  Helm  '86  earned  a  master's  with  dis- 
tinction in  management  from  the  J.L.  Kellogg  Gradu- 
ate School  of  Management  at  Northwestern  Univer- 
sity. She  works  in  strategic  planning  and  new  product 
development  at  Benefit  Life  Trust  Co.  in  Lake  Forest, 
111.,  and  lives  in  nearby  Winnetka. 

Carol  Ann  Huff  '86,  a  medical  student  at  the 
Baylor  College  of  Medicine  in  Houston,  was  elected 
to  the  college's  Alpha  Omega  Alpha  honor  society. 


L.  Marsh  '86  received  a  1990  Rotary 
Foundation  scholarship  to  do  a  year  of  post-graduate 
study  at  the  University  of  Cape  Town  in  South  Africa. 
She  now  lives  in  Indialantic,  Fla. 


)  is  pursuing  a  Ph.D.  in  French  liter- 
ature at  the  University  of  California  at  Berkeley. 

Cynthia  Karfias  Rigsby  '86  is  a  radiology  resi- 
dent at  the  Mallinckrodt  Institute  at  the  Washington 
University  Medical  Center  in  St.  Louis.  Her  husband, 
Michael  L.  Rigsby  Jr.  B.S.E.  '86,  is  a  sales  engi- 
neer with  Telecommunications  Techniques  Industry. 
They  live  in  Clayton,  Mo. 

D.  Stewart  Yonker  '86,  who  joined  the  foreign 
service  in  1987,  serves  in  Bogota,  Colombia. 


W.  Davidson  '87  is  a  staff  analyst  at 
Texaco  in  Brussels,  Belgium. 

Gregory  F.  Filling  '87  illustrated  Take  Me  to  Your 
Liter,  a  children's  science  and  math  joke  book,  com- 
piled by  Charles  Keller  for  Pippin  Press.  He  was  only 
16  when  his  illustrations  appeared  in  Keller's  Alexan- 
der the  Grape,  followed  by  Swine  Lake.  A  native  of 
Westport,  Conn.,  he  is  traveling  in  the  Far  East, 
where  he  is  working  on  a  sketchbook. 

Anna  E.  Holsinger-Bampton  BSE.  '87, a 
graduate  student  in  electrical  engineering  at  Duke,  is 
a  finalist  for  the  Young  Investigator  Award  of  the 
Society  of  Magnetic  Resonance  in  Medicine.  She  is 
performing  her  dissertation  work  at  the  Mayo  Clinic. 


B.  Leiser  '87  will  complete  five  years  with 
the  Navy  as  a  nuclear  propulsion  engineer  in  May 
1992.  He  was  deployed  to  the  Persian  Gulf  for  six 
months  following  Operation  Desert  Storm. 

Eileen  Sharon  Margolies  '87  was  awarded  an 
otologic  fellowship  by  the  Deafness  Research  Founda- 
tion. She  is  a  third-year  medical  student  at  UNC- 
Chapel  Hill's  medical  school. 


..S.E.  '87  earned  a  Ph.D.  in  neuro- 
science  from  Baylor  College  of  Medicine  in  Houston, 
Texas.  He  is  currently  pursuing  his  M.D.  at  Baylor. 


Philip  R.  Miller '87,  who  earned  his  J. D.  from 
Northwestern  in  1991,  joined  the  New  York  law  firm 
Milbank,  Tweed,  Hadley  &  McCoy  in  October.  He 
and  his  wife,  Lisa,  live  in  New  York  City. 

Stuart  G.  Nash  '87,  who  graduated  from  Harvard's 
law  school  in  May,  works  in  Morganton,  N.C.,  as  law 
clerk  for  Fourth  Circuit  Appellate  Justice  Sam  ].  Ervin. 

Sharolyn  Rhees  '87  graduated  from  the  Medical 
College  of  Ohio  in  June.  She  is  a  resident  in  emer- 
gency medicine  at  the  University  of  Illinois  Affiliated 
Hospitals  in  Chicago. 

Terry  Talley  '87,  M.B.A.  '89  is  the  chief  of  the 

cargo  documentation  section  of  the  U.S.  Army,  sta- 
tioned at  the  Port  of  Damman  in  Saudi  Arabia. 

Julie  Furr  Youngman  '87,  an  Army  captain, 
returned  from  four  years  of  service  in  Germany.  She  is 
at  Duke  pursuing  a  joint  degree  with  the  law  school 
and  the  School  of  the  Environment. 

Kristen  Clements  '88  is  pursuing  a  master's  in 
public  policy  at  Harvard  University's  Kennedy  School 
of  Government  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

John  Diamond  '88  was  one  of  six  members  of  the 
United  States  II  bridge  team  to  win  gold  medals  in  the 
World  Junior  Team  Championship  at  the  University 
of  Michigan  in  Ann  Arbor.  He  lives  in  New  Carroll- 
ton,  Md. 

Sean  P.  Gleeson  '88  is  pursuing  his  M.D./M.B.A. 
at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  Medical  School  and 
the  Wharton  School  of  Business.  His  wife,  Audrey 
Rinker  Gleeson  '88,  who  earned  her  master's  in 
audiology  at  Temple  University  in  December,  began 
her  clinical  fellowship  year  in  January.  They  live  in 
Philadelphia. 


is  a  Navy  lieutenant  serv- 
ing with  Patrol  Squadron  5  in  Jacksonville,  Fla. 

Angela  C.  Newman  '88,  a  special  agent  in  the 
U.S.  Secret  Service,  traveled  to  Moscow  with  Presi- 
dent Bush.  She  investigates  credit  card  and  bank 
fraud  and  lives  in  Arlington,  Va.. 

Christopher  M.  Olson  '88  is  a  Navy  lieutenant 
serving  aboard  the  guided  missile  destroyer  USS 
Mahan,  whose  home  port  is  Charleston,  S.C. 

Leslie  M.  Terry  Ph.D.  '88  is  an  assistant  professo 
in  Florida  Atlantic  University's  College  of  Liberal 
Arts.  She  lives  in  Fort  Lauderdale. 

Chris  Atteberry  '89  has  finished  training  in  the 
B-l  pilot  program  and  was  promoted  to  first  lieutenant 
U.S.  Air  Force.  He  and  his  wife,  Kimherly,  live  in 
Wichita,  Kan. 

Elizabeth  A.  Bumpas  '89  is  pursuing  a  master's 
in  architecture  at  the  University  of  Virginia  at 

(.  'harlnttesville. 


Gary  R.  Denning  c 

Chase  Manhattan  Bank.  He  works  in  the  marketing 
department  of  the  domestic  private  banking  unit.  He 
lives  with  Brian  Deppen  '89  in  Hoboken,  N  J. 

David  M.  Fenner  '89  and  Jason  R.  Karp 

B.S.E.  '89  are  playing  in  Grilled  Soul,  a  rock/funk  band 
in  the  New  York  City  area. 

Christopher  M.  Kribs  B.S.E.  '89  teaches 
math  and  physics  to  Native  American  children  in 
Santa  Fe,  N.M. 

Carolyn  "Morey"  Osteen  '89,  a  second-year 
law  student  at  American  University's  Washington 
College  of  Law,  spent  a  year  teaching  English  and 
history  at  a  private,  non-racial  school  in  Johannes- 
burg, South  Africa.  Her  husband,  J.  Alex  Ward 


DUKE  UNIVERSITY 

Summer  Session  1992 

Term  I:  May  21  -  July  2  Term  II:  July  6  -  August  1 5 


COURSES  IN  DURHAM 

art  •  biological  anthropology  and  anatomy  •  biology  ■  chemistry  •  classical  studies  •  cultural 
anthropology  •  dance  •  drama  •  economics  •  education  •  engineering  •  english  •  film  •  foreign 
languages  •  geology  •  history  •  literature  •  management  sciences  •  mathematics  •  music  • 
philosophy  •  physics  •  political  science  •  psychology  •  religion  •  sociology 

STUDY  ABROAD 

Belgium/Netherlands  (Art/Art  History)  •  Canada  (Language/Culture)  •  England 
(Drama  ■  Medical  Ethics/Health  Care  History  •  Media/Politics  •  Religion/Fiction)  • 
France  (French  Literature/Culture)  •  Germany  (German/Culture)  •  Greece 
(Archaeology)  •  India  (Media/History)  •  Israel  (Religion/Public  Policy/Archaeology)  •  Italy 
(Art  History/History)  •  Russia  (Russian/Culture)  •  Spain  (Spanish/Culture) 

EVENING  COURSES 

Term  I:    film  •  management  sciences  •  political  science  •  psychology  •  religion  •  writing 
Term  II:    film  •  literature  •  management  sciences 

SPECIAL  PROGRAMS 

Summer  Festival  of  Creative  Arts  •  Business:  A  Liberal  Arts  Perspective  • 
Residential  Japanese  Language  Program  •  English  As  a  Second  Language 

For  more  information,  a  brochure  and  an  application  •  CALL  (919)  684-2621  FAX  (919)  684-3083 
OR  CONTACT:  Summer  Session  Office.  121  Allen  Building,  Durham.  NC  27706 


DUKE  UNIVERSITY  ALUMNI  COLLEGES 


Texts  and  Their  Readers:  The  Challenges  of  Interpretation 

April  10-12,  1992 

R.  David  Thomas  Center,  Duke  University 

Reading  is  an  engaging  act  that  is  as  simple  as  a-b-c,  but  interpreting  is  a  different  story! 
Now  more  than  ever  we  realize  how  many  questions  there  are  to  consider  about  the  analysis 
of  texts.  This  seminar  will  involve  participants  directly  in  hands-on  interpretations  of  such 
familiar  texts  as  the  Bible,  the  Constitution,  and  even  the  human  body. 

Faculty  will  consist  of  Duke  professors  Miriam  Cooke,  Stanley  Fish,  Stanley  Hauerwas,  Frank 
Neelon,  and  William  Van  Alstyne  (see  advertisement  in  this  issue). 


The  Arts  of  the  Southwest 
July  21-26,  1992 
Santa  Fe,  New  Mexico 

This  study/travel  program  explores  the  arts,  architecture  and  cultural  geography  of  the  Santa 
Fe  area.  Participants  will  visit  museums,  galleries,  artists'  studios,  archaeological  sites,  attend 
a  performance  of  the  Santa  Fe  Opera  and  be  present  for  the  Traditional  Spanish  Market 
weekend. 

Guest  faculty  will  be  Dick  Lang,  Archaeologist,  former  director  of  the  Wheelwright  Museum; 
David  Bell,  Art  Critic,  former  art  editor  for  Viking  Press  and  current  writer  for  Art  in  America 
and  Southwest  Art;  and  Rae  Taylor,  Poet,  Artist,  and  Archaeologist. 


The  Search  For  Meaning 
October  15-18,  1992 
Colonial  Williamsburg,  Virginia 

"The  search  is  what  anyone  would  undertake  if  he  were  not  sunk  in  the  everydayness  in  his 
own  life.  To  become  aware  of  the  possibility  of  the  search  is  to  be  onto  something.  Not  to 
be  onto  something  is  to  be  in  despair."  (Walker  Percy,  The  Moviegoer)  A  strong  sense  of 
meaning  is  what  motivates  us  to  get  out  of  bed  each  morning  and  confront  yet  another  day 
of  life  with  all  of  its  uncertainties.  This  Alumni  College  will  deal  with  the  issue  of  what  it 
means  to  be  a  human  being  who  lives,  loves,  works,  plays,  suffers,  and  dies. 

Duke  faculty  will  be  Thomas  Naylor,  Professor  of  Economics,  and  William  Willimon,  Dean  of 
the  Chapel.  Guest  faculty  are  Magdalena  Naylor,  Psychiatrist,  and  William  Sachs,  Senior 
Assistant  Rector,  St.  Stephen's  Episcopal  Church,  Richmond,  Virginia. 

These  programs  are  sponsored  by  the  Office  of  Alumni  Affairs.  For  further  information 
contact: 

Deborah  Fowlkes,  Director,  Alumni  Continuing  Education 

614  Chapel  Drive 

Durham,  North  Carolina   27706 

(919)  684-51 14  or  800-367-3853 


'89,  is  a  third-year  law  student  at  Georgetown  Unive 
sity.  They  live  in  Arlington,  Va. 

Scott  H.  Rosenblum  '89  is  a  third-year  dental 
student  at  The  Medical  College  of  Virginia.  He  and 
his  wife,  Ellen,  live  in  Norfolk. 


is  assistant  director  of 
government  affairs  for  the  Health  Industry  Distribu- 
tors Association.  A  member  of  the  Duke  Alumni 
Association's  board  of  directors,  she  lives  in  Arling- 
ton, Va. 

Richard  Turk  '89  is  pursuing  an  M.B.A.  at  the 
University  of  Texas  at  Austin. 


S.  Williams  '89  completed  coursework  for 
his  master's  in  history  at  the  College  of  William  and 
Mar^'  and  >s  employed  with  Chadwyck-Healey  Inc.  He 
and  his  wife,  Christine,  live  in  Alexandria,  Va. 

MARRIAGES:  Joan  Leslie  Kistler  B.S.N.  '80 
to  Carl  Samuel  Royer.  Residence:  Durham. . .  Elise 
M.  Walker  '80  to  Lawrence  Rotundo  in  October 
1990.  Residence:  New  York...  Mary  E.  Callahan 
'81  to  Barry  E.  Clark  on  July  7.  Residence:  Tewksbury, 
Mass....  Brent  Clarke  Birely  '82  to  Susan  Fer- 
nandez on  Sept.  21.  Residence:  Baltimore...  Peter 
J.  Rea  '82  to  Alicia  G.  Garcia  on  Aug.  10.  Resi- 
dence: Quezon  City,  the  Philippines...  M.  Dabney 
Benjamin  '83  to  James  Scott  Williamson  on  Sept. 
7.  Residence:  Seattle...  Nancy  E.  Duckies  '83  to 
Cameron  Johnson  Sears  on  May  4,  1991.  Residence: 
Charlottesville,  Va....  Wiley  Jackson  "Jason" 
Williams  '84  to  Junko  Iseku  on  Aug.  1 1 .  Residence: 
Austin, Texas...  Peter  Bernard  Heifetz  '85, 
M.S.E.  '87  to  Susan  Dabney  Hollandsworth 
'87  on  May  5,  1990.  Residence:  Hillsborough,  N.C.... 
Warren  Scott  Hilton  B.S.E.  '85  to  Judith  Ken- 
ney  in  June  1989.  Residence:  Reston,  Va....  Sara  J. 
Marver  '85  to  Richard  Berman  on  Oct.  5.  Residence: 

Cincinnati...  Melissa  Perry  Winchester  '85 

to  Andrew  S.  Winer  on  April  21,  1991.  Residence: 
W.  Palm  Beach,  Fla....  Cynthia  Susan  Karfias 
'86,  M.D.  '90  to  Michael  Lewis  Rigsby  Jr. 
B.S.E.  '86.  Residence:  St.  Louis...  Thomas  Hoyne 
Lister  '86  to  Amanda  Jane  Davis  '87.  Resi- 
dence: New  York  City...  Alexandra  Mars  Bad- 
ger '87  to  Andrew  Towne  Carey  '87  on  May 
25.  Residence:  San  Francisco...  Philip  Roger 
Miller  '87  to  Lisa  Friedman  on  Aug.  4-  Residence: 
New  York  City. . .  Sean  Patrick  Gleeson  '88  to 
Audrey  Lynn  Rinker  '88  on  Sept.  7.  Residence: 
Philadelphia...  Paul  Franklin  Ridgeway 
B.S.E.  '88  to  Krista  Buhr  B.S.E.  '89  on  Sept.  1. 
Residence:  Newton,  Mass....  Chris  Atteberry  '89 
to  Kimberly  Faught  on  May  25.  Residence:  Wichita. . . 
Belkis  Beatriz  Cuenca  '89  to  Edward  Barberio 
on  Aug.  2.  Residence:  Miami  Beach...  Lauren  Pia 
Foreman  '89  to  Adam  S.  Gold  on  Sept.  1.  Resi- 
dence: Silver  Spring,  Md.. . .  Tina  Marie  Mancini 
B.S.E.  '89  to  Giraldo  Jose  Gutierrez  B.S.E.  '89 
on  Aug.  10.  Residence:  Glen  Gardner,  N.J....  Car- 
olyn "Morey"  Osteen  '89  to  Joseph 
Alexander  Ward  '89  on  Sept.  21.  Residence: 
Arlington,  Va...  Scott  Howard  Rosenblum 
'89  to  Ellen  Peck  on  Sept.  1.  Residence:  Norfolk,  Va. 

BIRTHS:  Second  child  and  daughter  to  Valerie  L. 
Crotty  '80  and  Peter  V.  Rogers  '78  on  Dec.  14, 
1990.  Named  Caroline  Crotty...  Second  son  to  Eric 
J.  Holshouser  J.D.  '80  and  Lori  E.  Terens 
'77,  J.D.  '80  on  Feb.  3,  1991 .  Named  Andrew  Todd. . . 
First  child  and  son  to  Jeffrey  Reynolds 
Kennedy  80  and  Rebecca  Smith  Kennedy 
'80  on  July  23.  Named  Spencer  Ross. . .  First  child  and 
daughter  to  Benjamin  S.  King  '80  and  Loretto 
Gertrude  "Trudy"  Minnear  '82  on  Nov.  14. 
Named  Loretto  Gertrude. . .  First  child  and  daughter 
to  Edward  R.  Laskowski  '80  and  Linda 
Chiovari  Laskowski  '80  on  Sept.  6.  Named 
Elizabeth  Anne...  Son  to  Mack  T.  Ruff  in  IV 


B.S.E.  '80  and  Kathy  E.  Carter  on  Sept.  30.  Named 
Sean  Carter. . .  First  daughter  to  Jody  Laursen 
Sperduto  '80  and  Paul  W.  Sperduto  80, 
A.M.  '84,  M.D.  '84,  on  Aug.  12.  Named  Christina 
Maria...  Second  child  and  daughter  to  Victoria 
Johnston  Tauscher  MEM.  '80  and  Richard 
W.  Tauscher  '78  on  July  16.  Named  Lauren 
Meredith. . .  Second  child  and  first  son  to  Kenneth 
A.  Vogel  '80  and  Randi  S.  Vogel  on  Sept.  13. 
Named  Evan  Alexander. . .  First  sons  and  twins  to 
Stephen  C.  Yang  '80  and  Maria  V.  Yang  on  June 
4-  Named  Andrew  Harold  and  Alexander  Joseph... 
First  child  and  son  to  Mary  Callahan  Clark  'SI 
and  Barry  Clark  on  July  2 1 .  Named  Jesse  Cameron. . . 
Daughter  to  Sharon  Kronish  Wasserman 
J.D.  '81  and  Steven  D.  Wasserman  J.D.  '79  on 
Oct.  9.  Named  Allison  Rachel. . .  Second  child  and 
first  son  to  Deborah  Morelli  Wygal  '81  and 
John  H.  Wygal  '78  on  April  25,  1991.  Named 
William  Lee  Horsley...  Second  son  to  Heidi 
Scheirer  McGrew  '82  and  Allen  McGrew  on 
Aug.  11.  Named  William  Francis...  First  child  and 
daughter  to  Shawn  McQueen  Smith  '82  and 
Bradford  Smith  on  June  7.  Named  Margaret  Holt... 
Second  child  and  first  son  to  Philip  E.  Barber 
M.B.A.  '83  and  Susan  Barber  on  Sept.  23.  Named 
Stewart  Phillip...  Second  son  to  Marcella  McKee 
Bria  B.S.N.  '83  and  Patrick  Bria  on  Oct.  28.  Named 
Lawrence  Stephen. . .  Second  child  and  first  son  to 
Susan  Stowell  Chapman  '83  and  Peter  Chap- 
man on  Feb.  8,  1991.  Named  William  Lansing... 
Daughter  to  Jean  Donath  Franke  '83  and 
Robert  E.  Franke  '83  on  July  29.  Named  Emilie 
Donath. . .  First  child  and  son  to  Elizabeth  Field 
"Betsy"  McGuffog  '83  and  Neil  McGuffog  on 
July  15.  Named  Brian  Clancy...  Second  child  and 
first  daughtet  to  Anne  Fowley  Adams  B.S.E. 
'84  and  N.  Terry  Adams  on  June  8.  Named  Megan 
Kathryn...  Twins,  second  son  and  first  daughter  to 
Cathy  Carney  Benn  B.S.N.  '84  and  David 
Randall  Benn  '84,  J.D.  '87  on  July  11.  Named 
Daniel  Alexander  and  Melissa  Carolyn. . .  Son  to 

Claire  Hochmuth  Lohmann  '84  and  Jorg 

Lohmann  on  July  4-  Named  Alexander  Patrick. . . 
Second  child  and  first  daughter  to  Steven  McGraw 
M.H.A.  '84  and  Sharon  McGraw  on  April  20.  Named 
Melanie  Brooke. . .  Second  child  and  son  to  Matthew 
A.  McQueen  '84  and  Mary  Ann  McQueen  on 
Aug.  14.  Named  Jonathon  Graham...  First  child  and 
daughter  to  Russell  D.  Owen  '84,  Ph.D.  '89  and 
Elizabeth  Harris  Owen  '85  on  Aug.  13.  Named 
Lucy  Magnolia...  First  child  and  son  to  Joe  Burt 
Bennett  '85  and  Megan  Wheeler  Bennett 
'87  on  Oct.  11.  Named  Jay  Wheeler. . .  A  daughter 
to  Susan  Feigin  Harris  '85  and  Jonathon  M. 
Harris  on  Feb.  14,  1991.  Named  Rebecca  Jean... 
Daughter  to  Alan  R.  Baklor  '86  and  Daniele  Bak- 
lor  on  Sept.  20.  Named  Yael  Shoshanah. . .  Second 
child  and  daughter  to  George  W.  Brumley 
M.B.A.  '86  and  Julia  Brumley  on  Aug.  23.  Named 
Jordan  McNeill...  Son  to  Dawn  Smith  Nobles 
B.S.E.  '86  and  Edgar  Nobles  on  July  15.  Named 
Matthew  Duke. . .  First  child  and  son  to  Catherine 
Morgan  Sherry  Mariakakis  '87  and  Johnny  T. 

Mariakakis  on  Aug.  12.  Named  Alexander  Timothy. 


90s 


Ashley  Bowman  '90,  a  Navy  ensign,  has  returned 
from  deployment  to  the  Middle  East  in  support  of 
Operation  Desert  Storm.  He  served  aboard  the  oiler 
USS  Platte,  whose  home  port  is  Norfolk,  Va. 

Christine  L.  Cragin  B.S.E.  '90  is  a  management 
trainee  in  biomedical  engineering  at  the  Veterans 
Administration  Medical  Center  in  Milwaukee,  Wis. 


Craig  M.  Dorrans  B.S.E.  '90,  who  joined  the 
Navy  in  May  1990,  was  designated  a  naval  flight  offi- 
cer upon  completing  a  23 -week  navigator  training 
course  at  Mather  Air  Force  Base  in  Sacramento,  Calif. 

Robert  W.  Ganowski  B.S.E.  '90,  a  Navy  ensign, 
graduated  with  distinction  from  the  Basic  Civil  Engi- 
neer Corps  Officer  School  in  Port  Hueneme,  Calif. 

John  C.  Oeltjen  '90  is  a  first-year  Presidential 
Scholar  at  Baylor  College  of  Medicine  in  Houston, 
Texas. 

Lawrence  A.  Coble  B.S.E.  '91  was  commis- 
sioned as  Navy  ensign  upon  graduation  from  Officer 
Candidate  School. 


Jeffrey  L.  Quillen  J.D.  '91  joined  the  national 
law  firm  McDermott,  Will  &.  Emory.  He  practices  in 
the  corporate  department  of  the  firm's  Washington, 
D.C.,  office. 

Elaine  Sanders  '91  works  at  the  William  Morris 
Agency  in  Beverly  Hills.  She  lives  in  Hermosa  Beach, 
Calif. 

Tanya  L.  Shoenfelt  B.S.E.  '91,  a  Navy  ensign, 
graduated  from  the  Basic  Civil  Engineer  Corps  Officer 
School  in  Port  Hueneme,  Calif. 


Danielle  Teresa  Stevens  '91  is  a  first-year 
medical  student  at  Indiana  University  School  of 
Medicine  in  Indianapolis. 

David  L.  Tett  '9 1  is  a  first-year  graduate  student  i 
Rice  University  in  Houston,  Texas,  pursuing  his  mas 
ter's  in  geophysics. 


DEATHS 


Lucy  Rogers  Richardson  '18  of  Sarasota,  Fla.. 
on  Aug.  8.  She  was  a  member  of  Miami's  Rader 
Memorial  United  Methodist  Church.  She  is  survived 
by  two  daughters,  three  grandchildren,  and  three 
great-grandchildren. 

Sally  May  Tuttle  Woodall  19  of  Washington, 
N.C.,  on  Aug.  1 1 .  She  is  survived  by  two  daughters, 
Erin  Woodall  Tayloe  45,  and  Ann  Woodall 

Davant  '51,  as  well  as  eight  grandchildren  and  1 1 
great-grandchildren. 

R.  Frank  Brower  '20  of  Pompano  Beach,  Fla.,  on 
April  28,  1991. 

Ivey  F.  Rogers  '22  of  Tabor  City,  N.C.,  on  July 
28,  1990. 

Clarence  O'Dell  '24  of  Dowagiac,  Mich.,  on  July  4. 


Frost  Donner  '25  of  Black  Mountain, 
N.C.,onJunel9. 

William  S.  Dosher  '25  of  Charleston,  S.C.,  on 
May  8.  One  of  Wilmington,  N.C.'s  leading  obstetri- 
cians, he  spent  most  of  his  cateer  on  the  Veterans 
Administration's  medical  staff.  He  is  survived  by  a 
daughter,  a  sister,  fout  grandchildren,  and  four  great- 
gr.indchildren. 

Laura  Trout  Herr  '28  of  Front  Royal,  Va„  on 
May  22. 

Thelma  Laws  78  of Wilkesboro.  N.C 

Lester  B.  Orfield  A.M.  '28  of  Winter  Park,  Fla., 
on  July  1  3,  1989.  A  legal  scholar  and  teacher,  he  had 
been  on  the  law  faculties  of  the  University  of 
Nebraska,  Temple  University,  and  the  University  of 
Indiana.  Beginning  in  1968,  he  published  a  series  of 
articles  on  criminal  procedure  commissioned  by  the 
U.S.  Supreme  Court.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Olyve,  four  brothers,  and  a  sister. 


of  Beaufort,  N.C.,  on  Feb. 
8,  1991.  He  is  survived  by  two  daughters  and  several 
grandchildren  and  great-grandchildren. 

C.  Bryan  Aycock  '29  of  Goldsboro,  N.C.,  on 
Feb.  22,  1991.  He  was  Wayne  County's  accountant 
for  17  years  and  a  past  president  of  the  N.C.  Associa- 
tion of  County  Accountants.  He  is  survived  by  a  son, 
five  grandchildren,  and  three  great-grandchildren. 


Ralph  C.  Smith  29ofKii 


,  N.C,  on  July 


Lila  McLin  Bell  M.Ed.  '30  of  Durham,  on  Aug. 
2 1 .  She  was  a  retired  professor  of  education  at  Mere- 
dith College  in  Raleigh. 


e  Lane  '31  of  Durham,  on  Sept.  28. 
She  was  a  teacher  and  librarian  in  the  Durham  County 
schools  until  her  1975  retirement.  She  is  survived  by  a 
sister,  Naldi  Poe  Klein  '46;  a  brother;  a  daughter; 
and  two  grandchildren. 

Mary  Walker  Pyne  '31  of  Durham,  on  July  21. 
She  was  a  member  of  Phi  Beta  Kappa.  She  is  survived 
by  her  husband,  George,  a  daughter,  a  son,  and  a 
nephew,  Fielding  L.  Walker  IV  64 


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Robert  W.  Safrit  Jr.  '31  of  Beaufort,  N.C,  on 
July  28.  He  is  survived  by  a  daughter,  sons  Robert 
W.  Safrit  III  56  and  Henry  Safrit  '58,  M.D.  '63, 
a  sister,  several  grandchildren,  and  one  great-grand- 


A.M.'31ofMt.Airy,N.C.,of 
cancer  in  August  1989.  She  is  survived  by  two  broth- 
ers and  two  nieces,  Deborah  Williams  Line- 
heart  76,  M.H.A.  78  and  Elizabeth  Williams 

B.S.N.  '80. 


Pierce  Oliver  "Kidd"  Brewer  '32  of  Raleigh, 
on  Nov.  25.  A  12-letter  athlete  at  Duke,  he  was  an 
All-American  football  captain  who  went  on  to  coach 
Appalachian  State's  1937  gridiron  squad  to  a  perfect 
season — undefeated  and  unscored  upon.  After  serving 
as  a  vice  admiral's  special  aide  in  World  War  II,  he 
became  administrative  assistant  to  U.S.  Sen.  Josiah 
W.  Bailey.  He  returned  to  North  Carolina  in  the 
1950s  to  build  his  legendary  1 15-acre  estate  overlook- 
ing farmland  he  later  helped  develop  into  Raleigh's 
Crabtree  Valley  Mall.  He  ran  unsuccessfully  for  lieu- 
tenant governor  in  1962  and  governor  in  1964.  He  is 
survived  by  his  wife,  Nell,  two  daughters,  a  sister,  and 
four  great-grandchildren. 

Joanna  Crim  Cornwall  '32  of  Winston-Salem, 

on  Sept.  2 1 .  She  was  a  retired  teacher's  aide  from 
Vienna  Elementary  School  and  a  Sunday  school 
teacher  at  Winston-Salem's  First  Baptist  Church.  She 
is  survived  by  a  daughter,  two  grandchildren,  and  a 

Frank  Harris  Johnson  A.M.  '32  of  Princeton, 

N.J.,  of  complications  following  a  stroke  on  Sept.  22, 
1990.  He  was  professor  emeritus  of  biology  at  Princeton. 
He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Mary  McGhee  John- 
son '33,  three  daughters,  and  four  grandchildren. 

Donald  R.  Mann  A.M.'  32  of  West  Point,  Va.,  of 
heart  ailments,  on  Aug.  16.  He  was  a  retired  editor 
with  the  U.S.  Information  Agency.  He  is  survived  by 
his  wife,  Angelina. 

Harry  L.  Dein  '33,  M.D.  '37  of  San  Antonio, 
Texas,  on  July  17.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife  and  two 
brothers,  Morris  Dein  '35  and  Irving  Dein  '36. 

Annie  Lee  Cutchin  Neville  '33  of  Whitakers, 
N.C,  on  Oct.  25,  1990.  At  Duke,  she  was  a  member 
of  Zeta  Tau  Zeta.  She  is  survived  by  her  husband, 
Ben,  three  children,  and  five  grandchildren. 

Fletcher  E.  Strowd  '33  of  Chapel  Hill,  of  cancer 
on  Feb.  12,  1991.  He  worked  for  Johnson-Strowd- 
Ward  Furniture  6k  Appliance  Co.  until  his  1979 
retirement.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Irene 
Harrison  Strowd  '32. 


Walter  H.  Delaplane  Ph.D.  '34  of  Alexandria, 
Va.,  on  Dec.  23,  1990,  of  heart  disease.  A  professor  of 
economics  at  Duke  from  1934-43,  he  was,  from  1937- 
43,  assistant  to  the  dean  of  Duke's  graduate  school. 
Shortly  before  his  1974  retirement,  he  was  vice  presi- 
dent for  academic  affairs  at  the  University  of  Arizona. 
He  is  survived  by  his  sons. 

Clarence  J.  Guinan  Jr.  '34  of  N.  Fort  Myers, 
Fla.,  on  Sept.  4,  1990. 


lirll'35ofTroy,NC.,of 
cancer  on  Aug.  3.  Commissioned  as  second  1 
in  the  Army  Medical  Corps  Reserve  in  1942,  he  was  a 
medical  official  at  Edgewood  Arsenal  when  he  retired. 
He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Claudia,  four  daughters,  a 
son,  and  five  grandchildren. 


L.  Hamnett  '35  of  Raleigh  on  March 
18,  1991.  He  was  retired  curator  of  the  N.C.  Museum 
of  Natural  History.  He  is  survived  by  a  son,  a  daugh- 
ter, and  five  grandchildren. 

Mary  Nash  Slaughter  '35  of  Daytona  Beach, 
Fla.,  on  Aug.  21.  At  Duke,  she  was  a  member  of  Zeta 
Tau  Alpha  sorority.  She  was  a  long-time  volunteer  at 


Volusia  County's  Cornelia  Young  Library.  She  is  sur- 
vived by  a  stepson,  two  grandchildren,  and  two  great- 
grandchildren. 

Marvin  W.  Topping  '35  of  Chesapeake,  Va.,  on 
May  7.  He  spent  many  years  as  a  university  adminis- 
trator in  Virginia  and  the  DC.  area  before  he  became 
a  congressional  aide  in  1975.  He  retired  in  1985  after 
10  years  as  minority  counsel  of  the  House  Small  Busi- 
ness Committee.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Louise,  a 
sister,  a  brother,  two  children,  and  two  grandchildren. 


I.  White  M.D.  '35  of  Sarasota,  Fla.,  on 
June  6.  The  first  medical  examiner  to  practice  in  a 
number  of  Florida  counties,  he  was  chief  of  pathology 
and  later  chief  of  staff  at  Sarasota  Memorial  Hospital. 
He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Florence,  three  daughters, 
four  sons,  a  sister,  a  brother,  15  grandchildren,  and  1 1 
great-grandchildren. 

John  Arnold  Edmunds  B.S.E.E.  '36  of  Pomona, 
Calif.,  on  Aug.  4.  He  was  chief  electrical  engineer  at 
the  Austin  Co.  for  35  years.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Lee,  three  sons,  three  daughters,  a  sister,  five  grand- 
children, and  two  great-grandchildren. 

Adelyn  Ingram  Ogburn  '36  of  Atlantic  Beach, 
Fla.,  on  April  25,  1991.  She  is  survived  by  a  sister,  a 
son,  and  a  grandson. 

Ella  V.  Ross  A.M.  '36  of  Johnston  City,  Tenn.,  on 
June  14.  She  was  dean  of  students  at  East  Tennessee 
State  University  when  she  retired  in  1972.  She  was 
also  a  member  and  Sunday  school  teacher  at  Central 
Baptist  Church.  She  is  survived  by  a  sister. 

Richard  F.  Weil  '36  of  Amherst,  N.Y.,  on  Sept. 
13.  He  was  a  retired  New  York  state  sales-tax  official. 
He  was  a  life-time  member  and  two-time  council 
president  of  Parkside  Lutheran  Church.  He  is  sur- 
vived by  his  wife,  Jean,  a  son,  and  a  daughter. 

Faye  J.  Espenschied  '37  of  St.  Petersburg,  Fla., 
on  Sept.  9,  1990. 

Seymour  B.  Gostin  '37  of  Dallas,  Texas,  on 
Dec.  27,  1990,  of  heart  failure.  A  former  chief  of  oph- 
thalmology at  Dallas'  Veterans  Administration  Medi- 
cal Center,  he  also  taught  at  the  University  of  Texas 
Southwestern  Medical  School.  He  is  survived  by  his 
wife,  Gladys,  two  daughters,  a  brother,  and  six  grand- 
children. 

Cyrus  Leighton  Gray  M.D.  '37  of  Tampa,  Fla., 
on  June  1.  Following  his  1943  residency  at  Duke,  he 
began  private  radiology  practice  in  High  Point,  N.C., 
that  lasted  until  his  1977  retirement.  While  at  Duke, 
he  was  a  tenor  soloist  in  the  Chapel  Choir.  He  is  sur- 
vived by  a  son,  Cyrus  Leighton  Gray  III  M.D. 
'62;  three  daughters;  and  nine  grandchildren. 


John  H.  Hallowed  A.M.  '37  of  Amherst,  N.H., 
on  Aug.  6.  He  was  a  James  B.  Duke  Professor  Emeritus 
of  Political  Science.  The  former  chairman  of  Duke's 
political  science  department,  he  was  a  past  editor  of 
the  Journal  of  Politics  and  president  of  the  Southern 
Political  Science  Association.  Former  Duke  students 
have  endowed  a  graduate  student  political  science 
scholarship  in  his  name.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Sarah;  a  son,  John  Hallowell  Jr.  '67;  two  daugh- 
ters; four  grandchildren;  and  two  great-grandchildren. 

John  A.  Kneipp  '37,  M.D.  '43  of  Washington, 
D.C.,  on  Dec.  27,  1990.  A  boxing  and  track  captain  at 
Duke,  he  served  in  the  Army  and  with  the  Office  of 
Special  Services  following  graduation.  He  practiced 
and  taught  psychiatry  in  a  number  of  Boston  and  DC 
clinics  and  institutions.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Anne,  three  daughters,  and  two  sons. 

Virginia  Newcomb  McCann  37  of  Hilton,  NY, 
on  Sept.  6.  She  is  survived  by  her  husband,  Frank 
B.  McCann  B.S.C.E.  '38;  two  sons,  a  daughter,  and 
two  grandchildren. 


L.  Reed  M.D.  '37  of  Hockessin,  Del.,  on 
April  2,  1991,  of  cancer. 

James  A.  Anderton  '38  of  Media,  Pa.,  on  July 
19.  He  was  a  salesman  with  B.C.  Remedy  Co.  He  is 
survived  by  his  wife,  Helen,  a  son,  two  daughters,  a 
brother,  four  sisters,  12  grandchildren,  and  one  great- 
grandchild. 

Gordon  Belding  '38  of  Summit,  N.J.,  of  cancer, 
on  March  16,  1991.  An  Army  staff  sergeant  in  World 
War  II,  he  went  on  to  careers  as  a  gold  prospector, 
professional  photographer,  teacher,  investor,  sales- 
man, and  s 


E.  Anne  Hollmeyer  Boeker  '38  of  Cambridge, 
N.Y.,  on  Aug.  12.  She  graduated  Phi  Beta  Kappa  from 
Duke  and  was  a  member  of  Kappa  Kappa  Gamma  soror- 
ity. She  is  survived  by  a  sister,  Ruth  Hollmeyer 

'47;  four  daughters;  and  nine  grandchildren. 

i  L.  Fisher  '38  of  State  College,  Pa.,  of  can- 
,  May  17. 


E.S.  Flory  A.M.  '38,  Ph.D.  '41  of  Wood- 
bridge,  Va.,  of  cancer  on  April  27,  1991.  After  30 
years  in  the  State  Department  and  the  Department  of 
the  Interior,  he  joined  the  business  administration 
faculty  at  American  University  in  1969,  where  he 
taught  until  his  1974  retirement.  He  is  survived  by  a 
son,  a  daughter,  and  two  grandsons. 


April  10-12, 1992 
R.  David  Thomas  Conference  Center 


ns  and  Their  readers: 
The  challenges  of  interpretation 

What  is  a  text?  How  do  we  read  one? 

How  "should"  we  read  one? 

Who  gives  a  text  its  authority? 

Which  is  more  important:  the  author's  intention 

in  writing  the  text,  the  environment  in  which  the  text  was 

written,  or  the  reader's  response  to  the  text? 

These  are  only  some  of  the  questions  to  be  explored 

in  this  Alumni  College  weekend,  which  will  involve  you  in 

hands-on  interpretations  of  such  well-known  texts  as 

the  Bible,  the  Constitution, 

...  and  even  the  human  body! 


Duke  faculty 


will  make 
this  a  truly 


program. 


Stanley  Hauerwas,  Me  Divinity  Schoc 
Frank  Neelon,  Me  Scho< 
William  Van  Alstyne,  Me  5i 


m¥ 


Please  join  us  for  what  promises  to  be  a  stimulating  intellectual  experience! 


For  information,  contact: 

Deborah  Weiss  Fowlkes  78,  Director 
Alumni  Continuing  Education   614  Chapel  Drive   Durham,  NC  27706 

(919)684-5114        (800)367-3853 


Mary  Bell  Kline  '38  of  Chickasaw  Point,  S.C.,  on 
Aug.  19.  She  was  founder  and  editor  emeritus  of  the 
Chickasaw  Point  News.  She  is  survived  by  three  daugh- 
ters, including  Melissa  Trainor  Radecki  '64;  a 
stepson;  a  stepdaughter;  a  brother;  two  sisters;  and 
nine  grandchildren. 

George  B.  Long  '38  of  Springfield,  Mass.,  on 
May  29.  A  Navy  veteran  of  World  War  II,  he  worked 
in  sales  promotion  and  advertising  for  29  years  until 
his  1984  retirement.  While  at  Duke,  he  was  a  Sigma 
Chi.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Patience,  two  sons, 
two  daughters,  and  seven  grandchildren. 

Frances  B.  Wright  '38  of  Thomaston,  Ga.,  of 
cancer  on  Dec.  15,  1989.  She  had  retired  as  librarian 
for  the  Mitchell  County  schools.  She  is  survived  by 
two  sons,  a  brother,  and  five  grandchildren. 

Arthur  C.  Brown  '39  of  Charlotte,  on  June  7.  At 
Duke,  he  was  a  Lambda  Chi  Alpha  and  head  drum 
major  of  the  school  band.  He  served  in  World  War  II 
as  an  Army  captain,  and  wrote  M>  Longest  Week 
about  his  experience  as  a  prisoner  of  war.  He  was  sec- 
retary-treasurer for  Pneumafil  Corp.  He  is  survived  by 
a  son,  three  daughters,  and  two  grandchildren. 

George  H.  Crowell  '39  of  Ponte  Verda  Beach, 
Fla.,  on  June  12.  He  worked  in  the  automotive  busi- 
ness until  his  1983  retirement.  He  is  survived  by  his 
wife,  Margaret  Courtney  Crowell  '41;  two 
sons,  including  George  H.  Crowell  III  B.S.E. 
'67;  and  six  grandchildren. 

W.  Clark  "Skipper"  Ellzey  B.D.  '39  of  Perry- 
ton,  Texas,  on  Feb.  22,  1991.  He  was  a  professor  of 
home  and  family  life  at  Texas  Tech. 

Cecil  B.  Jackson  '39  of  Orange  Park,  Fla.,  on 
June  23.  He  practiced  medicine  in  Ann  Arbor,  Mich., 
and  was  president  of  DOCARE  International.  He  is 
survived  by  his  wife,  Elizabeth,  two  daughters,  a  son, 
two  grandsons,  and  two  brothers,  including  I 


Pace  Marshall  '39,  J.D.  '41  of  Myrtle 
Beach,  S.C.,  on  June  20.  She  is  survived  by  her  hus- 
band, Archibald,  two  daughters,  and  two  grandchildren. 


T.  Ross  M.D.  '39  of  McMinnville,  Ore., 
on  Aug.  1 1 .  After  graduation,  he  served  five  years  as  a 
flight  surgeon  in  the  Army  Air  Corps  before  returning 
to  Oregon  to  found  Physicians  Medical  Center  and 
begin  a  career  in  medical  practice  and  hospital  admin- 
istration. He  is  survived  by  a  son,  a  daughter,  and  two 
grandchildren. 

Charles  Dorsey  Spurgin  '39  of  Annapolis, 
Md.,  on  May  22.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Betty. 


M.  Eagles  '40,  M.D.  '44  of  Richmond, 
Va.,  on  Sept.  1 1.  He  was  an  Army  Medical  Corps 
captain  stationed  in  Japan  in  World  War  II.  He  later 
taught  at  the  Medical  College  of  Virginia  and  was  a 
consultant  and  practitioner  at  a  number  of  Virginia 
hospitals.  Following  his  1980  retirement,  he  was 
active  in  organ  transfer  organizations.  He  is  survived 
by  his  wife,  Doris,  two  sisters,  and  a  brother. 

Helen  A.  Falknor  '40  of  Daytona  Beach,  Fla.,  on 
Feb.  8,  1991.  She  is  survived  by  her  husband,  Sedgley 
Thornbury,  and  a  sister. 

Forrest  L.  "Jerry"  Jerome  '40  of  Miami,  on 
Feb.  3,  1991.  A  member  of  Alpha  Tau  Omega,  he  was 
also  active  in  Duke's  band  and  orchestra  before  leav- 
ing school  to  join  the  Air  Force.  He  is  survived  by  his 
wife,  H.  Jo  Collins  Jerome  B.S.N.  '42;  and  a 
son,  Forrest  L.  Jerome  III  '65. 

Robert  De Forest  Park  Ph.D.  '41  of  Quilcene, 
Wash.,  of  a  heart  attack,  on  April  17,  1991.  He  was  a 
retired  aerospace  physicist.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Ruth. 


'42ofRoanoke,Va.,on 
June  16. 

John  M.  Lofton  Jr.  J.D.  '42  of  Grantville,  Kan., 
on  Feb.  16,  1990.  He  was  a  retired  editorial  writer  for 
The  St.  Louis  Post  Dispatch.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Joanne. 

William  C.  Mickelberry  '42  of  Vero  Beach, 
Fla.,  on  Aug.  2. 

Raymond  G.  Wilson  M.Ed.  '42  of  Jackson,  Tenn., 
of  heart  disease  on  Dec.  15,  1990.  He  was  executive 
secretary  for  the  Southern  Association  of  Colleges 
and  Schools. 


I.  Allen  '43  of  Maplewood,  N.J.,  on  June  8. 
After  graduating,  he  served  two  years  as  an  ambulance 
driver  for  the  American  Field  Service  in  World  War  II. 
He  was  president  of  Maplewood  Bank  and  Trust  when 
he  retired  in  1983.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Elizabeth, 
two  daughters,  a  sister,  and  six  grandchildren. 

G.  Robert  Hillier  '43  of  Manhattan  Beach,  Calif., 
on  Aug.  6. 

Anne  Lindsay  Seay  '43  of  Chattanooga,  Tenn., 
on  June  24-  She  worked  as  a  library  cataloger  for  40 
years.  She  is  survived  by  her  husband,  Hugh,  two 
children,  and  a  grandson. 

William  P.  Ulrich  '43  of  Audubon,  N.J.,  on  April 

9, 1990. 


R.  Kirsnis  '44  of  Palos  Verdes  Peninsula, 
Calif.,  on  Feb.  26,  1990.  He  was  manager  of  services 
and  radar  systems  at  Hughes  Aircraft  in  Los  Angeles. 

Joseph  F.  Waters  '45  of  Woodbridge,  Conn., 
on  May  3 1 ,  after  a  long  illness.  After  graduation,  he 
served  in  the  Navy  during  World  War  II  and  in  the 
Korean  War.  He  retired  in  1984  as  comptroller  and 
vice  president  of  Bridgeport  Brass  Co.  He  is  survived 
by  his  wife,  Priscilla,  two  daughters,  a  sister,  and  three 
grandchildren. 

Joseph  L.  Goldstein  Hon.  '46  of  Louisville, 
Ky.,  on  July  24,  1989. 

Willard  E.  Kerr  M.Ed.  '47  of  Carlisle,  Pa.,  on  June 
7.  He  was  dean  of  the  graduate  school  at  Shippens- 
burg  University  when  he  retired  in  1980.  He  is  sur- 
vived by  two  sisters. 


Tinsley  Lawson  '48  of  Spruce  Pine, 
N.C.,  following  a  heart  attack  on  Aug.  31,  1990.  He 
flew  65  missions  over  Germany  during  World  War  II. 
He  retired  in  1977  as  president  and  CEO  of  Lawson 
United  Feldspar  and  Mining  Co.  He  is  survived  by  his 
wife,  Winifred  Lawson  G  '47,  five  children,  and 
seven  grandchildren. 


H.  Lyon  Jr.  '48  of  Creedmoor,  N.C.,  on 
Dec.  13,  1990.  Before  retiring,  he  was  office  manager 
in  the  Durham  field  office  of  the  N.C.  Department  of 
Revenue.  In  1979-80,  he  served  as  president  of  the 
N.C.  Employees  Association.  He  is  survived  by  his 
wife,  Mary,  a  son,  a  daughter,  and  three  grandchildren. 

Fletcher  H.  Wall  Jr.  '48  of  Lexington,  N.C,  on 
July  17.  He  was  retired  president  of  Pat  Brown  Lum- 
ber Co.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Jeanne,  a  daughter, 
and  two  grandchildren. 

Neal  Van  Steenberg  Carroll  B.S.N.  '49  of 
Clearwater,  Fla.,  on  Jan.  9,  1991.  She  is  survived  by  a 
son,  a  daughter,  and  a  grandson. 

John  Lyle  Croft  '49  of  Marianna,  Ark.,  on  Jan.  1, 
1991.  At  Duke,  he  was  a  member  of  Alpha  Tau 
Omega  fraternity.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Helen, 
two  daughters,  two  sisters,  and  several  grandchildren. 

Benjamin  S.  Nispel  M.Ed.  '49ofShippensburg, 
Pa.,  on  July  31.  He  taught  political  science  at  Ship- 
pensburg  University  until  1968;  he  retired  as  dean  of 
arts  and  sciences  in  1989.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Elizabeth,  a  son,  a  daughter,  and  a  sister. 


Howard  M.  Pegram  A.M.  '49  of  Gaffney,  S.C., 
of  heart  failure  on  June  29.  After  serving  in  the  Navy 
during  World  War  II,  he  taught  mathematics  at  Wof- 
ford  College  for  18  years  until  his  1973  retirement.  He 
was  a  frequent  contributor  of  cartoons  to  The  Gaffney 
Ledger.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Lucille,  and  his 
daughter,  Ann. 

Robert  E.  Shepherd  B.S.C.E.  '49  of  Waverly, 
Ohio,  on  July  23.  He  served  in  the  Air  Force  in  World 
War  II.  He  had  retired  as  a  construction  engineer  with 
Goodyear  Atomic  Corp.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Jacquelyn,  a  son,  a  daughter,  and  five  grandchildren. 

Mary  A.  Sutherland  B.S.N.  '50  of  Johnson  City, 
N.C,  on  June  14.  A  registered  nurse,  she  last  worked 
at  Northside  Hospital.  She  is  survived  by  three  sons,  a 
daughter,  and  two  grandchildren. 

George  H.  Lamed  LL.B.  '51  ofRidgewood.N.J., 
on  June  6.  He  was  a  World  War  II  veteran.  Before  his 
1991  retirement,  he  was  an  attorney  with  Dewey, 
Ballantine,  in  New  York  City  for  35  years.  He  is  sur- 
vived by  his  wife,  Jeanne,  two  daughters,  and  two 
brothers. 

Wayne  McLaurin  A.M.  '51  of  Jonesboro,  Ark., 
on  July  7.  An  Air  Force  veteran  of  World  War  II,  he 
was  assistant  professor  emeritus  of  English  at  Arkansas 
State  University.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Virginia. 

Paul  G.  Waner  Jr.  B.S.M.E.  '51  of  Terrell,  Texas, 
on  Jan.  23,  1989.  For  28  years  he  was  an  aeronautical 
engineer  for  General  Dynamics  in  Fort  Worth,  Texas. 

LeRoy  E.  Blackwell  Jr.  B.S.E.E.  '52  of  Hous- 
ton, Texas,  on  July  9.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Ruth, 
two  sons,  four  daughters,  five  granddaughters,  and  a 
sister,  Virginia  D.  Harrell  '49. 

John  L.  Farmer  '52,  M.D.  '55  of  Raleigh,  on  Sept. 
14.  He  had  practiced  dermatology  in  Raleigh  since 
1962.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Linda,  a  daughter, 
and  two  sons. 

George  A.  Hannin  III  '52  of  Fort  Wayne,  Ind., 
on  June  21,  of  cancer.  He  was  a  partner  in  the  insur- 
ance firm  O'Rourke,  Andrews  &  Maroney,  and  a 
Korean  War  veteran.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Alice,  his  mother,  and  two  brothers. 


M.D.'52ofChapelHill,on 
Sept.  28.  Before  he  came  to  Duke,  he  was  a  U.S. 
Naval  Air  Corps  pilot  in  World  War  II.  He  practiced 
ophthalmology  in  Durham  and  Chapel  Hill  for  3 1 
years.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Euva,  a  son,  a  daugh- 
ter, and  three  grandchildren. 

Gwendolyn  Doby  N  '53  of  Dothan,  Ala.,  on  May 
29.  She  was  a  nurse  at  Southeast  Alabama  Medical 
Center  before  retiring  in  1989.  She  is  survived  by  a 
son  and  two  daughters. 

Harold  W.  Carroll  '54  of  Clearwater,  Fla.,  on  July 
2 1 ,  1 989.  A  member  of  Phi  Beta  Kappa  at  Duke,  he 
was  a  World  War  II  and  Korean  War  veteran.  He  was 
a  professor  at  St.  Petersburg  Junior  College.  He  is 
survived  by  a  daughter,  a  son,  and  seven  siblings. 


E.  Britt  M.D.  '55  of  Raleigh,  N.C,  on 
July  13.  He  had  been  a  staff  psychiatrist  atN.C 
Memorial,  Duke,  and  Dorothea  Dix  hospitals.  He  is 
survived  by  his  wife,  Joy  Wood  Britt  '54,  a  daugh- 
ter, two  brothers,  a  sister,  and  a  granddaughter. 


G.  Gibson  Jr.  M.D.  '57  of  Gibson, 
N.C,  of  a  heart  attack  on  Jan.  13,  1991.  For  the  last 
25  years  he  was  a  farmer  and  physician  in  Gibson.  He 
is  survived  by  his  wife,  Rubie,  a  son,  three  daughters, 
and  four  grandchildren. 

James  E.  Hall  B.S.E.E.  '61,  M.S.  '67  of  Carrboro, 
N.C,  on  April  17,  1991.  An  associate  engineer  with 
IBM,  he  had  lived  in  the  Triangle  area  since  1957.  He 
is  survived  by  his  wife,  Iris,  a  son,  three  daughters,  his 
mother,  and  two  sisters. 


Richard  S.  Murlless  '65  of  Savannah,  Ga.,  on 
Feb.  16,  1991.  He  was  director  of  Wilderness  South- 
east, Inc.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Joyce  B. 
'67. 


Larry  R.  Strong  A.M.  '67  ofLogansport,  Ind.,  in 
March  1991. 

Eugene  Shoulders  Ph.D.  '73  of  Alexandria, 
Va.,  on  March  24,  1991.  He  worked  for  40  years  with 
the  U.S.  Forestry  Service  in  Pineville,  Va.  He  is  sur- 
vived by  his  wife,  Betty,  a  son,  and  three  siblings. 

ad"  Taylor  M.H.A.  '73  of  Burling- 
N.C.onJuly  16.  He  was  vice  president  of  admin- 
for  the  mid-Atlantic  region  of  Roche  Bio 
Medical  Laboratories  Inc.  An  Army  veteran,  he 
served  in  Vietnam.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Mar- 
garet, a  son,  a  brother,  and  his  mother. 

Curtis  W.  Caine  Jr.  '75  of  Jackson,  Miss.,  on 
April  16,  1991. 

Patrick  David  Cecil  '75  of  Sunal,  Calif.,  on 
June  22,  of  cancer. 


G.  Lawrence  A.M.  '77,  Ph.D.  '83  of 
Birmingham,  Ala.,  on  May  15  after  a  long  illness.  He 
was  the  founding  director  of  Sloss  Furnaces  National 
Historic  Landmark,  which  won  the  1983  National 
Honor  Award  for  Historic  Preservation.  He  is  sur- 
vived by  his  parents  and  two  siblings. 

Frank  F.  Fiduccia  B.S.E.  '79  of  Cupertino, 
Calif.,  on  June  2,  of  a  heart  attack.  He  is  survived  by 
his  wife,  Julie  Wu. 

Paul  B.  Sherman  M.E.M.  '81  of  Honolulu, 
Hawaii,  on  Aug.  24,  of  AIDS.  In  1989,  he  received 
his  Ph.D.  in  economics  from  the  University  of 
Hawaii.  He  was  the  author  or  co-author  of  several 
books  and  articles  on  economics  and  the  environ- 
ment. He  is  survived  by  his  mother. 

Wassim  Habre  M.B.A.  '86  of  New  York  City,  in 
September  1990. 


I.  Pickens 

Marshall  Ivey  Pickens  '25,  A.M.  '26,  one-time  Duke 
trustee,  long-time  guide  of  The  Duke  Endowment, 
civic  leader,  and  philanthropist,  died  on  November 
26  at  his  home,  Southminster,  in  Charlotte,  North 
Carolina.  He  was  87. 

Following  his  graduation  from  Duke  in  1926, 
Pickens  became  principal  of  the  Methodist  Orphan- 
age in  Raleigh.  In  1928,  he  joined  The  Duke  Endow- 
ment as  a  field  secretary  and  soon  became  the  director 
of  the  Endowment's  child  care  and  hospital  divisions. 
He  was  named  trustee  of  the  Endowment  in  1951  and 
served  as  assistant  secretary,  secretary,  and  vice  chair- 
man of  the  board.  In  1973,  he  was  named  chairman; 
in  1975,  he  was  named  honorary  chairman. 

While  a  graduate  student  at  the  newly-named  Duke 
University,  he  served  as  a  pallbearer  at  the  funeral  of 
James  B.  Duke.  He  received  the  Doctor  of  Laws 
degree  from  Davidson  College  in  1962.  From  1963- 
74,  Pickens  served  on  Duke's  board  of  trustees. 

Duke's  on-campus  health  clinic  was  named  for 
Pickens  at  its  1969  dedication.  In  1991 ,  the  Marshall 
1.  Pickens  Endowment  Fund  was  established  at  Duke's 
Divinity  School. 

Pickens  received  the  University  Medal  for  Distin- 
guished Meritorious  Achievement  at  Duke  on 
December  6,  shortly  after  his  death. 

He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Sarah,  son  Marshall  I. 
Pickens  Jr.  '66,  two  daughters,  six  grandchildren, 
including  Mary  R.  Pickens  '93  and  Sarah  W. 
Pickens  '95,  and  three  great-grandchildren. 

Louise  Jones  Brown 

Longtime  Duke  supporter  Louise  Jones  Brown  '38, 
in  whose  honor  an  art  gallery  in  the  Bryan  Center 
was  named  in  1982,  died  November  27  at  her  home 
in  Charlotte,  North  Carolina.  She  was  74- 


CLASSIFIEDS 


RESORTS/TRAVEL 


ARROWHEAD  INN,  Durham's  country  bed  and 
breakfast.  Restored  1775  plantation  on  four  rural 
acres.  Written  up  in  USA  Today,  Food  &  Wine,  Mid- 
Atlantic.  106  Mason  Rd.,  27712.  (919)  477-8430. 

LONDON.  My  delightful  studio  apartment  near 
Marble  Arch  is  available  for  short  or  long-term  rental. 
Elisabeth  J.  Fox,  M.D.,  901  Greenwood  Rd„  Chapel 
Hill,  NC  27514.  (919)  929-3194. 

ST.  JOHN:  Two  bedrooms,  two  baths,  full  kitchen, 
cable  TV,  pool.  Covered  deck  with  spectacular  view 
of  Caribbean.  Quiet  elegance.  Off-season  rates.  (508) 
668-2078. 

FLORIDA  KEYS,  BIG  PINE  KEY:  Fantastic  open 
water  view,  Key  Deer  Refuge,  National  Bird  Sanctu- 
ary, stilt  house,  3/2,  screened  porches,  fully  furnished, 
stained  glass  windows,  swimming,  diving,  fishing,  boat 
basin.  Non-smokers.  (305)  665-3832. 


THE  OLD  NORTH  DURHAM  INN,  an  intimate 
bed  and  breakfast  less  than  a  mile  from  Duke,  offering 
turn-of-the-century  charm,  comfortable  lodging,  and 
hearty  breakfasts.  922  N.  Mangum  St.,  27701.  (919) 
683-1885. 


FOR  RENT 


SOUTHWEST  FLORIDA:  Barrier  Island  Hideway. 
For  brochure,  rates,  availability,  call  (203)  345-8483. 

BALD  HEAD  ISLAND,  NC.  Unspoiled  island  acces- 
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screened  porch  and  deck  overlooking  marsh/nature 
preserve.  Weekly/weekend/off-season  rates.  (919) 
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KITTY  HAWK,  NC.  Townhouse  sleeps  eight,  fine 


view  100  yards  from  beach,  AC,  cable,  VCR,  full 
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MISCELLANEOUS 


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New!  TEEN  VOICES  magazine — for  teenage,  young 
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The  Charlotte  native,  who  also  attended  Char- 
lotte's Queens  College  and  Traphagen  Art  School  in 
New  York  City,  was  the  daughter  of  former  Duke 
trustee  Edwin  L.  Jones  12  and  Annabel 
Lambeth  Jones  12.  Her  husband,  W.  Franklin 
Brown '37,  died  in  1983. 

At  the  time  of  her  death,  she  was  serving  on  the 
board  of  Amethyst  Charlotte  and  The  Amethyst 
Foundation,  and  as  treasurer  of  the  800  Cherokee 
Association.  She  was  a  member  of  Liberty  Hall  chap- 


ter of  the  Daughters  of  the  American  Revolution,  the 
honorary  alumni  association  and  board  of  visitors  ot 
the  Charlotte  Country  Day  School,  the  Washington 
Duke  Club,  the  Founders  Society,  and  Iron  Dukes. 
She  is  survived  by  her  son,  Walter  F.  Brown  Jr.; 
daughters  Louise  "Beth"  B.  Boyd  '67  and 
Mary  Jane  B.  Pishko  73;  son-in-law  David 
C.  PishkO  '72,  J.D.  77;  seven  grandchildren;  and 
a  brother,  Duke  trustee  emeritus  Edwin  L.  Jones 
B.S.C.E.  '48. 


31 


ROSPEC 


Duke  history  through  the  pages  of  the  Alumni  $1 
Register 


MEDICAL 
MILESTONE 


Eighteen  students  will  comprise  the 
first  graduating  class  of  the  Duke  Uni- 
versity School  of  Medicine,  according 
to  an  announcement...  by  Dean  Wilburt 
C.  Davison.  These  members  will  receive 
their  M.D.  certificates  at  the  1932  com- 
mencement exercises.. . . 

It  is  interesting  to  note  that  Miss  Eliza- 
beth Noel  Walker  of  Charlotte,  North  Caro- 
lina, is  the  only  woman  member  of  the 
class  and  will  hold  the  distinction  of  being 
the  first  woman  member  to  graduate  from 
the  Duke  School  of  Medicine.  In  the  [next] 
first-year  class,  however,  there  are  three 
women  students,  while  there  are  two  in  the 
second,  and  one  in  the  third-year  class,  so 
that  the  distinction  of  being  the  only 
woman  graduate  will  probably  not  last  very 
long.... 

Students  receive  the  M.D.  certificate  on 
completion  of  four  years  of  work  in  the 
School  of  Medicine.  The  degree  of  M.D.  is 
conferred  upon  completion  of  two  years  of 
intern  work  in  an  approved  hospital  or 
laboratory. — March  1932 


THE  WAR  AND 
WALLACE  WADE 


Wallace  Wade,  since  1931  director 
of  athletics  and  head  football 
coach  at  Duke  University,  has 
been  notified  of  his  appointment  as  a  major 
in  the  Army  of  the  United  States  by  the  Ad- 
jutant  General....  Edmund  M.  Cameron, 
who  has  been  backfield  coach  of  football 
and  head  basketball  coach  during  the  time 
Coach  Wade  has  been  at  Duke,  has  been 
named  acting  director  of  physical  educa- 
tion and  acting  head  coach  of  football  in 
his  absence. 

A  captain  in  the  First  World  War,  Wade 
made  known  the  fact  that  he  had  tendered 
his  services  to  the  government  in  a  state- 
ment issued  some  weeks  ago.  He  requested 
that  he  be  assigned  to  combat  duty. 

3~2 


|  all  fashions:  With 
I  the  threat  of  the 
atom  bomb — 
then  the  hydrogen 
bomb — during  the  Fif- 
ties and  Sixties  (re- 
member "Duck  and 
Cover"  films  in  gram- 
mar school?),  Duke's 
Fallout  Preparedness 
Committee  held  a 
series  of  lectures  and 
panel  discussions  "to 
inform  the  public  of 
the  plans  the  univer- 
sity is  formulating  to 


provide  protection... 
in  the  event  of  a 
nuclear  attack." 

Duke's  radiological 
safety  officer,  Conrad 
M.  Knight,  right, 
devised  this  homemade 
fallout  suit — plastic 
raincoat,  plastic  food 
bag,  rubber  gloves, 
cloth  mask,  and  paper 
bags  over  the  feet — 
modeled  here  by  a  stu- 
dent at  one  of  the  cam- 
pus lectures  in  1962. 


Speaking  for  the  university,  W.H.  Wan- 
namaker,  vice  president  and  dean,  ex- 
pressed regret  that  Duke  would  be  without 
the  services  of  the  eminent  coach  for  the 
duration  of  the  war.  As  athletics  director, 
Wade  was  a  member  of  the  faculty.  "Natu- 
rally, we  regret  to  lose  a  man  who  has 
meant  so  much  to  our  institution,"  Wan- 
namaker  said.  "But  it  has  been  the  policy 
of  Duke  University  to  cooperate  in  every 
way  possible  with  the  government  in  the 
matter  of  releasing  faculty  members  for  the 
armed  forces  when  they  are  needed. 

"In  a  crisis  such  as  confronts  our  country 
today,  the  needs  of  the  government  are  of 
first  importance.  Thus  it  is  that  we  cheer- 
fully release  Mr.  Wade  and  look  forward  to 
his  return  to  his  position  here  after  the 

I  war-time  emergency  has  passed." — March 

I  1942 


HALF-CENTURY 
QUARTERLY 


The  Duke  University  Press  is  currently 
celebrating  the  fiftieth  anniversary 
of  one  of  its  ancestors  that  is  still 
vigorously  alive:  the  second  oldest  literary 
quarterly  in  the  country. 

The  South  Atlantic  Quarterly  first  ap- 
peared early  in  1902.  President  Kilgo  intro- 
duced it  to  the  board  of  trustees  as  "another 
effort  of  Trinity  College  to  develop  in  the 
South  a  literary  spirit  and  to  secure  a  medi- 
um through  which  there  may  be  an  honest 
and  free  discussion  of  serious  questions  by 
serious  men." 

The  South  Atlantic  almost  immediately 
brought  national  distinction  to  Trinity  for 
its  outrageous  liberalism,  and  especially 
through  the  Bassett  affair,  in  which  a  great 
victory  was  won  for  academic  liberty  and 
freedom  of  expression  in  the  United  States. 
Furthermore,  within  the  college,  it  thrust 
upon  the  faculty  responsibilities  and  op- 
portunities for  scholarly  research  and  writ- 
ing that  had  a  large  share  in  making  the 
administrators  and  teachers  of  the  college 
able  to  launch  a  university  in  the  1920s 
without  really  shifting  gears.. . . 

To  signalize  the  magazine's  golden  an- 
niversary, the  Duke  Press  has  made  the 
January  issue. . .  a  special  number,  and  it  has 
published  an  anthology,  Fifty  Years  of  the 
South  Atlantic  Quarterly. — March  1952 


THE  RIGHT 
STAFF 


The  Alumni  Lectures,  designed  for  the 
particular  appetite  of  alumni  on  cam- 
pus for  class  reunions  or  commence- 
ment, have  since  their  inception  in  1959 
proved  altogether  successful.  Perhaps,  since 
a  dozen  of  the  university's  most  distin- 
guished and  well-informed  men  have  deliv- 
ered these  lectures,  success  should  have  been 
taken  for  granted. 

The  1962  series  promises  as  much  or 
more  than  the  lectures  of  previous  years. 
More,  because  this  year,  with  the  lectures 
being  delivered  in  sequence,  it  will  be  pos- 
sible to  hear  what  each  of  the  lecturers  has 
to  say.  As  much,  because  the  panel  is  again 


this  year  composed  of  some  of  Duke  Uni- 
versity's most  respected  men. 

The  theme  for  this  year's  series?  Where- 
as, in  previous  years,  much  animated  dis- 
cussion and  weighing  of  pros  and  cons  pre- 
ceded selection  of  the  lecture  topics,  this 
year  the  topic  simply  stood  up  and 
announced  itself.  Not  to  have  devoted  the 
1962  lectures  to  the  subject  of  space  explo- 
ration would  have  been  something  like 
ignoring  Columbus  in  1492. 

"The  Year  of  the  Astronaut — A.D. 
1962"  is  the  working  title  for  this  year's 
series.  The  participants  are  all  vigorous, 
articulate  men  with  a  great  deal  to  say  on 
the  implications  of  space  exploration.  With- 
out a  doubt,  each  one  could  speak  interest- 
ingly all  by  himself  for  the  two  hours 
which  is  allotted  for  the  entire  discussion. 

From  the  natural  sciences  will  come 
Paul  J.  Kramer,  James  B.  Duke  Professor  of 
Botany,  and  from  the  physical  sciences, 
Walter  Gordy,  James  B.  Duke  Professor  of 
Physics.  Arthur  Larson,  professor  of  law 
and  director  of  the  World  Rule  of  Law 
Center,  and  James  T.  Cleland,  James  B. 
Duke  Professor  of  Preaching  and  dean  of 
the  Chapel,  complete  the  panel.  Moderat- 
ing will  be  Professor  Richard  L.  Watson  Jr., 
chairman  of  the  department  of  history  and 
an  accomplished  moderator. — March  J  962 


FRESHER 
FROSH 


Eighty  new  freshmen  joined 
the  student  body  in  January 
when,  for  the  first  time,  the 
university  admitted  first-year 
students  at  the  middle  of  the  aca- 
demic year.  Previously,  all  Duke 
freshmen  began  their  college  ca- 
reers in  September. 

The  newcomers,  about  evenly 
split  between  men  and  women, 
include  a  number  entering  Duke 
directly  from  the  middle  of  their 
senior  years  in  high  school. 
Under  the  revised  admissions 
policy  adopted  last  year,  Duke 
may  waive  the  requirement  of  a 
high  school  diploma  in  cases  of 
students  who  pursue  accelerated 
course  programs  in  high  school 
and  have  completed  the  courses 


Final  floor:  workers  ripped  up  Cameron 
Indoor  Stadium' s  oak  floors  in  1977  as 
part  of  a  $13. 5  -million  endowment  cam- 
paign to  renovate  athletics  facilities.  The 
first  game  played  on  the  junked  floor,  laid 
in  1940,  was  Duke  over  Princeton,  46- 
37;  the  last  game  was  against  Carolina 
(Duke  lost  84-71). 


required  for  admission  to  the  university. 

The  advanced  students  are  one  of  three 
groups  which  the  new  policy  was  designed 
to  reach.  The  other  two  are:  students  who 
wished  to  delay  entering  college  in  order 
to  work,  travel,  or  follow  a  special  study  of 
their  own;  or  students  qualified  for  admis- 
sion in  the  fall  who  would  have  been 
admitted  had  space  been  available. 

According  to  admissions  director  Robert 
Ballantyne,  some  of  the  new  freshmen  spent 
the  fall  semester  at  other  colleges,  taking 
courses  of  special  interest  to  themselves 
which  they  would  not  be  able  to  take  at 
Duke.  Ballantyne  stated  that  the  mid-year 
admission  policy  definitely  would  be  con- 
tinued, though  the  number  of  incoming 
freshmen  will  remain  limited  to  between 
100  and  150. 

Three  of  the  new  students  are  freshmen 
in  the  Engineering  School,  the  remainder 
in  Trinity  and  the  Woman's  College.  They 
come  predominantly  from  the  East  Coast, 
as  [does]  the  student  body  generally,  with  a 
few  from  other  sections  of  the  country. — 
April  1972 


DOPE  ON  THE 
ROPES 


One  of  Ruthie  Monks'  West  Campus 
Dope  Shop  fountain  customers  got 
a  kiss  every  morning,  along  with 
his  sausage  biscuit  and  coffee.  "I'm  really 
going  to  miss  that  sugar,"  he  says,  thinking 
of  the   day   when   one    of  Duke's    most 


beloved  institutions  served  its  last  special. 

"I  guess  I'm  his  favorite...  I  have  my 
regular  customers.  Some  of  my  students 
even  call  me  'Mama  Ruthie,'  "  Monks  says, 
her  familiar  smile  as  soothing  as  an  old- 
fashioned  Dope  Shop  chocolate  milkshake 
after  a  flunked  calculus  exam. 

"I  understand  that  because  of  the  nature 
of  the  Bryan  Center  there's  no  way  we  can 
duplicate  the  Dope  Shop.  There's  no  way 
we  can  get  the  same  kind  of  feeling,"  says 
Lowell  Adkins,  assistant  director  of  Duke 
University  Food  Services  (DUFS).  Ac- 
cording to  Adkins,  a  new  snack  bar  will 
serve  most  Dope  Shop  favorites,  including 
the  daily  lunch  specials  and  "other  assort- 
ed additions." 

The  Dope  Shop  fountain  was  run  by 
Duke  University  Stores,  but  the  Bryan 
University  Center's  fast  food  service  will 
be  run  by  DUFS.  A  union  space  allocation 
committee  is  currently  deciding  what  will 
be  done  with  the  space  vacated  by  the 
Dope  Shop. 

"We  all  have  to  move  on  to  bigger  and 
better  things.  Nothing  stays  the  same. 
After  we've  been  here  for  a  little  while,  it 
will  be  better  for  everyone,"  says  Royce 
Naillon,  head  cashier  at  the  Duke  Book- 
store. After  twenty-nine  years  behind  the 
Dope  Shop  fountain,  Naillon  moved  to 
the  Bryan  University  Center,  along  with 
the  pots  in  which  she  made  her  vegetable 
soup  for  Thursdays'  specials. 

"Royce's  home-made  soup  is  my  favorite," 
says  Harry  Rainey,  Duke  Stores  director.  "I 
told  her  not  to  throw  the  pots  out." — 
March- April  1982 


STUDENT 

ERROR' 


Editors: 

It  is  extremely  unfortunate  that  Duke 
University  is  linked  with  ignorant  denial 
of  the  reality  of  the  Holocaust  [through 
The  Chronicle's  publication  of  an  advertise- 
ment calling  for  "Holocaust  revisionism"]. 
Few  who  read  about  that  recognized  it  to 
be  a  student  error. 

Those  who  did  so  wonder  why  students — 
there  to  learn  and  be  guided — are  left 
without  help  in  making  a  decision  which  re- 
quires maturity  and  experience  to  tackle. 

Of  course  students  should  not  be  denied 
the  right  of  free  speech,  but  they  should 
have  been  informed  that  a  publication  has 
no  obligation  to  grant  advertising  space  for 
the  telling  of  lies. 

Duke  is  considered  a  great  university 
and  I  am  eager  that  it  be  worthy  of  that 
classification. 

For  anyone  or  any  group  there  to  seem 
to  support  falsehood  is  a  strain  even  on  my 
life-long  and  inherited  faith  in  an  institu- 
tion which  I  hope  will  never  believe  it  has 
outgrown  its  wholesome  religious  roots. 

Courtney  Sharpe  Ward  '3 1 
Lumberton,  North  Carolina 


GROSS 
ERROR 


Editors: 

Are  you  sure  your  writer  has  quoted  Pro- 
fessor Durden  correctly  on  page  18  ["Fall 
Call  to  Order"]  of  the  January-February 
1992  issue? 

After  thirty  to  forty  years  my  recollection 
may  be  faulty,  but  I  thought  it  was  Gross 
who  wanted  Duke  to  become  a  national 
university  and  Edens  who  was  the  advocate 
of  a  regional  institution.  Also,  Gross  was 
not  then  merely  a  "chemistry  professor"  but 
was  the  Number  Two  executive  in  the  uni- 
versity. His  title  I  have  forgotten. 

In  any  event,  the  national  university 
faction  seems  to  have  won  the  battle  and 
I'm  sure  all  alumni  are  grateful  for  that. 

Charles  Markham  '45 
Durham,  North  Carolina 


You  are  correct,  and  thank  you  for  pointing 
out  our  mistaken  identities.  Paul  M.  Gross  was 
vice  president  in  the  division  of  education,  a 
title  analogous  to  today's  provost. 


DUKE,  NOT 
DUKKKE 


Editors: 

Recently,  in  a  local  gym,  I  began  to  feel 
antagonistic  eyes  on  me.  I  was  baffled,  since 
I  have  been  exercising  there  regularly  for 
months  without  incident,  and  yet  I  was  pos- 
itive that  several  of  the  other  people  there 
had  a  hostile  attitude  toward  me.  Finally  I 
asked  someone  if  there  was  a  problem. 

He  was  a  large  black  man  with  a  fine, 
well-toned  body,  and  at  my  inquiry  he 
glared  at  me  with  a  fearsome  stone  face. 
His  eyes  traveled  down  to  my  chest  and 
back  up  to  meet  mine.  Again,  I  was  baf- 
fled, but  I  looked  down. 

I  realized  that  I  was  wearing  a  Duke  T- 
shirt,  one  that  says  simply  "DUKE"  without 
any  other  embellishments.  I  quickly  real- 
ized that  I  was  mistakenly  thought  to  be 
supporting  the  campaign  of  David  Duke.  I 
explained  and  all  in  the  room  were  re- 
lieved. Another  man  came  and  laughed 
about  the  mistake  and  warned  me  that  my 
truck  parked  outside  had  two  stickers,  both 
reading  "DUKE." 

It  sounds  funny  in  one  way,  but  I  won- 
der what  would  have  been  the  result  if  I 
had  not  confronted  the  man?  I  wonder 
how  many  automobiles  have  been  behind 
me  drawing  similar  conclusions? 

It  is  sad  to  think  that  Duke  University 
could  ever  be  mistaken  for  something  that 
casts  such  a  shadow  of  hostility  over  good 
men's  faces. 

EdM.Verner'87 
Plant  City,  Florida 

Senior  Vice  President  for  Public  Affairs  ]ohn 
F.  Burness  responds:  "A  number  of  alumni 
and  friends  of  Duke  have  contacted  the  univer- 
sity to  express  concern  about  ways  in  which 
David  Duke  seems  to  have  appropriated  'Duke 
blue'  and  Duke  lettering.  There  have  also 
been  a  number  of  political  cartoons  in  news- 
papers across  the  country  which  have  implied 
a  relationship  between  Duke  University  and 
David  Duke.  After  consulting  widely  on  possi- 


ble steps  the  university  might  take  formally  to 
distance  itself  in  the  public  mind  from  David 
Duke,  there  is  a  very  strong  consensus  that 
whatever  efforts  we  might  make  to  publicly 
disavow  such  a  relationship  or  to  condemn 
those  who  would  try  to  establish  the  perception 
of  a  relationship  would  likely  only  call  atten- 
tion to  David  Duke  and  be  counterproductive. 
The  general  sense  is  that  by  this  spring  David 
Duke  may  well  be  off  the  political  map  and  that 
the  university  should  do  nothing  institutionally 
between  now  and  then  to  give  him  or  his  nox- 
ious views  increased  visibility.  There  are  times 
when  doing  nothing  is  the  best  course,  and  this 
appears  to  be  one  of  them." 


LINGUIST'S 
LESSON 


Editors: 

My  Duke  Magazine  for  January-February 
1992  arrived  yesterday.  As  always,  it  was  a 
fine  production.  However,  it  was  marred 
by  a  gross  error  (in  addition  to  some  odd 
capitalization)  in  the  ad  on  the  back  cover 
for  a  framed  Duke  emblem:  the  expression 
"an  alumni."  Every  national  advertisement 
ought  to  be  proofread  by  a  linguist  before 
being  released.  But  it  also  ill  behooves  a 
college  of  the  stature  of  Duke  to  let  some- 
thing like  this  get  by  the  editors. 

Donald  D.  Hook 
Farmington,  Connecticut 

Every  alumnus  and  alumna — not  every  alum- 
ni— should  know  that  editors  are  obliged  to 
leave  the  crafting  of  ad  copy  to  the  advertisers. 


NOTEWORTHY 
NOSTALGIA 


Editors: 

Your  item  about  the  Campus  Sings 
("Amateur  Night,"  page  34,  October- 
November  1991  issue)  has  given  me  a  ter- 
rible case  of  nostalgia. 

May  I  add  a  historical  footnote?  The 
summer  Sunday  Evening  Sings  of  the  late 
Thirties  and  early  Forties  were  held  on  West 
(not  East)  campus,  on  the  lawn  leading 
from  the  clock  tower  toward  Chapel  Drive. 


As  pianist  for  many  of  these  Sings,  I 
now  recall  with  amazement  that  the  most 
frequently  requested  song  was  "The  Sink- 
ing of  the  Titanic."  With  much  enthusi- 
asm and  a  macabre  sort  of  glee,  the  group 
intoned  the  words  about  how  sad  it  was 
when  that  great  ship  went  down  ("hus- 
bands and  wives,  little  children  lost  their 
lives...") 

How  were  we  to  know  that  Pearl  Harbor 
would  soon  change  our  flippant  attitude 
toward  sunken  ships,  and  would  send  many 
of  us  to  recruiting  offices  of  the  Army, 
Navy,  or  Marines? 

Janis  M.  Viser  G  '42 
Richmond,  Virginia 

Campus  Sings  were  sponsored  by  the  Women's 
Student  Government  Association  and  were 
originally  held  on  East  Campus.  There  were 
some  summer-session  sings  held  on  West. 


COVERT 
AGENDA? 


Editors: 

I  am  writing  in  reference  to  Lars  Lucier's 
[January-February]  piece  "A  Room  with  a 


View."  I  must  compliment  Mr.  Lucier  on 
this  interesting  photo  essay  exploring  the 
inventive  and  novel  approaches  students 
take  in  decorating  and  furnishing  their 
rooms  during  their  stay  at  Duke  University. 

Yet,  as  usual,  fraternity  living  groups 
were  excluded  from  Mr.  Lucier's  piece,  as 
if  to  say  that  they  are  not  concerned  with 
the    living    environment 
around  them.  Out  of  a  ten- 
picture  spread,  all  of  the 
photos  came  from  non- 
Greek  housing.  I  would 
venture   to  say   that   at 
least  one  photo  of  a  fra- 
ternity living  group  may 
have  been  in  order. 

It  always  seems  that 
the  university  operates 
with  a  covert  agenda, 
trying  to  exclude  Duke 
students    who    enjoy 
participating  in  frater- 
nity   life,    relegating 
them  to  a  lower  eche- 
lon of  campus  life. 
This  blatant  form  of 
discrimination  is  unfair  and 
uncalled  for,  especially  when  Greek  life 
thrives  at  Duke.  Whether  the  university 
likes  it  or  not,  fraternities  and  sororities 
play  a  legitimate  role  in  campus  life  at 


Duke.  Hence,  publications  like  the  alumni 
magazine  should  attempt  to  accurately  por- 
tray their  significance,  rather  than  "sweep- 
ing them  under  the  carpet." 

Brian  C.McCotter '91 
Dix  Hills,  New  York 

Subjects  for  Lucier's  photo  essay  were  volun- 
teers: We  ran  an  ad  in  The  Chronicle  asking 
students  if  they  would  like  their 
rooms  photographed  for 
the  magazine .  What  you 
saw  was  what  we  got.  It 
f  would  be  very  difficult  to 
realize  a  complete  student 
representation  in  this  or 
any  single  issue. 


tfCE 


Wm 


Correction  and  clarifica- 
tion: Following  the  mis- 
taken lead  of  The  New 
I    York  Times'  visual  treat- 
|     ment,  the  January-February 
|    story  on  the  Dead  Sea 
Scrolls  ("An  Ancient  Mys- 
tery Unravels")  ran  a  small 
photo  of  the  Isaiah  Scroll  up- 
^^^W    side  down.  In  the  same  issue, 
the  alumna  mini-profile  "Ex- 
ploring Arctic  Art"  should  have  included 
the  full  name  of  Judith  Varney  Burch  '58. 


THE  LAW  FIRM  OF 

Harlow,  Stark,  Hultquist,  Evans  X  London 

IS  PLEASED  TO  ANNOUNCE  THAT 

Rita  M.  K.  Purut 

MEMBER.  BOARD  OF  EDITORS 
DUKE  LAW  JOURNAL  (1990-1991) 


Amy  Shaw  McEntee 

MEMBER,  BOARD  OF  EDITORS 
DUKE  LAW  JOURNAL  (1990-1991) 

HAVE  BECOME  ASSOCIATED  WITH  THE  FIRM 

THE  FIRM  CONCENTRATES  ITS  PRACTICE  IN 

THE  AREAS  OF  LITIGATION.  CONSTRUCTION  LAW. 

PATENTS.  TRADEMARKS  AND  COPYRIGHTS, 

AND  CORPORATE  AND  COMMERCIAL  MATTERS 


IOOO  PARK  FORTY  PLAZA 

P.  O.  DRAWER  13.4*8 

RESEARCH  TRIANGLE  PARK.  NC  27709 

TELEPHONE   (919)    544-5555 

FACSIMILE   (919)    544-4122 


"GREEN  DEAN" 

SEARCH 

The  Duke  University  Community 
Service  Center  is  seeking  a  new 
director.  The  Center  is  the  focal  point 
of  the  many  volunteer  and  community 
service  programs  available  to  students, 
faculty,  and  employees  at  Duke.  Its 
mission  is  to  promote  and  initiate  creative 
partnerships  between  Duke  and  the  wider 
community  in  order  to  address  pressing  social 
problems. 

The  duties  of  the  "GREEN  DEAN"  include: 

•  advising  student-run  service  programs; 

•  creating  and  maintaining  relations  with 
faculty,  administrators,  and  community 
constituencies  (service  agencies,  teachers,  parents, 
and  students  at  local  public  schools); 

•  supporting  the  Center's  board  of  directors 
and  a  large  volunteer  staff  (including  some  fund 
raising); 

The  successful  applicant  will  most  likely  be  a 
recent  college  graduate  with  experience  in 
community  service  and  leadership  development. 
Position  is  for  two  or  three  years,  beginning  July 
1992;  salary  $23,000,  with  benefits. 

Requests  for  applications  should  be  sent  to: 
Community  Service  Center,  101-5  Bryan  Center, 
Duke  University,  Durham,  N.C.  27706;  or  call 
(919)  684-4377.  Applications  must  be  postmarked 
by  March  27,  1992. 


Historic  Cities  and  Hill  Towns  of Italy      April  6-20 

Join  us  this  spring  for  a  most  comprehensive  yet  leisurely 
itinerary  that  includes  three  of  the  world's  most  historic  and 
unique  cities:  Rome,  the  eternal  city;  Florence,  the  premier  city 
of  the  Italian  renaissance;  and  Venice,  the  gem  of  the  Adriatic 
and  home  of  the  Doges.  Our  route  of  travel  among  these  three 
masterpiece  cities  will  take  us  into  the  countryside. . .  the 
Umbria  region;  Orvieto,  Todi,  Spoleto,  and  Assisi.  Then 
toward  Florence  with  a  visit  to  the  medieval  city  of  Siena. 
Extensive  sight-seeing  in  city  and  country  with  an  experi- 
enced Italian  guide  will  focus  on  the  an,  architecture,  history 
and  cuisine  of  Italy.  Approximately  $3,700  from  New  York. 

Austria  May  13-22 

Settle  into  a  charming  Tyrolean  hotel  for  eight  nights  in  the 
idyllic  alpine  resort  of  Kitzbuhel,  with  time  to  enjoy  the 
splendid  scenery  and  regional  flavor  and  to  get  to  know  the 
area  well.  Travel  with  the  group  to  Salzburg  for  an  exciting 
day  of  sightseeing.  Enjoy  a  full-day  excursion  on  the  breath- 
taking Grossglockner  Highway.  Visit  the  highlights  of 
Innsbruck  including  a  private  tour  of  Tratzberg  Castle.  Enjoy 
a  festive  Tyrolean  buffet,  a  walking  tour  of  Kitzbuhel,  evening 
concerts  in  the  town  square,  and  nightlife  at  the  local  casino. 
Approximately  $2,200  per  person  double  occupancy  from 
Washington,  D.C. 

Western  Mediterranean  Cruise  May  19-June  1 

Cruise  aboard  the  Seaboum  Spirit  including  special  visits  to 
Rome  and  Paris.  We  begin  this  exclusive  itinerary  with  two 
nights  in  Rome  prior  to  boarding  the  elegant,  five-star  plus 
rated  Seaboum  Spirit  for  a  seven  night  cruise,  Rome  to  Nice. 
Travel  and  Leisure  has  designated  the  Seaboum  Spirit  as,  "now 
the  one  to  beat."  From  Nice  we  fly  to  Paris  and  spend  three 
nights  in  the  City  of  Light.  Deluxe  sightseeing  in  Rome  and 
Paris-a  travel  experience  for  the  connoisseur!  Approximately 
$8,000  from  New  York. 

Scandinavia/Russia  Cruise  June  11-25 

Seven  colorful  ports  on  one  deluxe  five-star  cruise— there  is 
no  better  way  to  experience  Scandinavia  and  the  Baltic  port  of 
Leningrad,  U.S.S.R.  Duke  travelers  have  an  added  option  of 
beginning  their  vacation  with  a  three-day  exploration  of 
Copenhagen's  canals  and  castles  before  the  luxurious  Crystal 
Harmony  sets  sail  to  Helsinki,  Finland,  Leningrad,  U.S.S.R., 
Stockholm,  Sweden,  Gdansk,  Poland,  Oslo,  Norway,  and 
Amsterdam,  Holland,  on  a  delightful  13-night  cruise.  The  new 
Crystal  Harmony  was  designed  to  be  the  most  spacious  and 
luxurious  of  all  cruise  vessels.  She  boasts  the  largest  suites  with 
over  50%  of  the  staterooms  having  private  verandas.  Three 
elegant  restaurants  offer  a  variety  of  cuisine  and  ambience. 
Special  cocktail  parties,  an  orchestra  for  dancing  and  nightly 
entertainment  cap  off  days  of  leisurely  discovery.  Reduced 
airfare  from  many  major  cities  enhances  the  attraction.  The 
Scandinavia/Russia  Cruise  is  priced  from  approximately 
$4,585  per  person. 

Cotes  du  Rhone  Passage  June  30-July  13 

This  exclusive  land/cruise  program  begins  in  Cannes,  the 
sparkling  jewel  of  the  Mediterranean's  Cote  d'Azur.  Its  famous 
palm  tree-lined  boulevard,  Promenade  de  la  Croisette,  runs 
along  the  coast,  separating  luxurious  hotels  from  sun-drenched, 
sandy  beaches  that  ring  the  Bay  of  Napoule.  Experience  also 
the  beauty  of  Monaco  and  other  resorts  along  the  French 
Riviera  as  well  as  the  medieval  "Perched  Villages"  in  the 
nearby  Maritime  Alps.  From  Cannes,  travel  to  fascinating 
Avignon,  one  of  France's  most  splendid  medieval  cities,  where 
you  will  board  our  exclusive  deluxe  river  cruise  ship,  the  M/S 
Arlene.  Your  eight-day/  seven-night  cruise  of  the  Rhone  and 
Saone  Rivers  will  bring  you  face-to-face  with  Roman  Ruins, 
ancient  towns  frozen  in  time  and  a  landscape  which  Vincent 
van  Gogh  captured  on  numerous  canvasses.  Journey  from 
Macon  in  Burgundy  to  the  incomparable  city  of  Paris  by 
TGV  high-speed  train  for  a  relaxing  conclusion  to  your  French 
experience-  From  approximately  $4,400  per  person  from 
Atlanta  and  $4,300  per  person  from  New  York. 

Midnight  Sun  Express  and  Alaska  Passage 
July  17-30 

Begin  with  two  nights  in  the  1902  gold  rush  city  of  Fair- 
banks, Alaska.  Then,  board  your  own  private  cars  of  the 
Midnight  Sun  Express  train  as  it  winds  for  450  miles  through 
the  rugged,  wild,  last  American  frontier.  After  the  first  sixty 
miles  by  rail,  arrive  at  six-million-acre  Denali  National  Park 
for  a  one-night  visit  and,  perhaps,  catch  a  glimpse  of  Mount 
McKinley,  the  park's  centerpiece.  On  to  Anchorage  for  a  two- 
night  stay,  and  then  board  the  Pacific  Princess,  for  a  seven  night 
cruise  of  Alaska's  Inside  Passage  to  Vancouver.  All  sight-seeing 

36 


CfiUKE  TRAVEL  1992 

ZZS  MANY  MORE  EXCITING  ADVENTURES 

"The  world  is  a  great  book,  of  which  they  who  never  stir 
from  home  read  only  a  page." 

St.  Augustine 

We  cordially  invite  you  to  travel  with  us. 


is  included  in  Fairbanks,  Denali  National  Park  and  Anchorage. 
A  two-night  Vancouver  option  is  available.  The  Midnight 
Sun  Express  and  Alaska  Passage  is  priced  from  approximately 
$2,599,  per  person,  from  Fairbanks/Vancouver. 

The  Rogue  River-A  Rafting  Trip  July  20-26 

Declared  the  nation's  first  Wild  and  Scenic  river,  the  Rogue 
has  something  for  everyone.  Its  water  is  warm,  its  rapids  are 
exciting  but  safe,  its  wildlife  is  plentiful  (bear,  elk,  bald  eagle, 
deer,  otter,  beaver,  osprey)  and  its  scenery  is  lush  and  delight- 
ful. Rafting  45  miles  in  five  days  provides  ample  time  and 
opportunity  for  side  hikes  to  nearby  waterfalls,  and  swimming 
holes.  The  Rogue  is  gentle  enough  for  the  novice  and  diverse 
enough  for  the  experienced.  In  short,  it's  the  perfect  river 
rafting  trip.  $895  from  Medford,  Oregon. 

Canadian  Rockies  Adventure  August  10-19 

A  nature  spectacular  visiting  the  best  of  the  Canadian 
West:  one  night  in  Calgary  at  the  Palliser  Hotel;  two  nights 
in  Glacier  National  Park;  one  night  at  Many  Glacier  Hotel, 
then  crossing  the  Continental  Divide  for  one  night  at  Lake 
McDonald  Lodge;  two  nights  at  beautiful  Chateau  Lake  Louise; 
two  nights  at  the  Jasper  Park  Lodge  in  Jasper;  and  two  nights 
in  Banff  at  the  Banff  Springs  Hotel.  Your  members  will  view 
it  in  a  small,  congenial  group.  All  sightseeing  and  most  meals " 
are  included  throughout  the  trip  at  no  additional  charge.  Spe- 
cial welcome  and  farewell  cocktail  and  dinner  parties  are  also 
included.  The  Canadian  Rockies  Adventure  is  priced  at 
approximately  $2,199,  per  person,  from  Calgary. 

China  and  Yangtze  River  Cruise 
September  22-Octoher  10 

An  exclusive  itinerary  which  includes  the  best  of  the 
People's  Republic  and  features  an  unforgettable  three-night 
cruise  down  the  upper  Yangtze  River  and  the  scenic  splendor 
of  the  Three  Gorges,  often  cited  as  the  world's  most  spectac- 
ular river  scenery.  In  and  around  Beijing,  you'll  see  the  Great 
Wall,  the  Forbidden  City,  the  Summer  Palace  and  the  Temple 
of  Heaven.  You'll  stop  at  Xi'an  to  view  the  hundreds  of 
recently  excavated  terra-cotta  warriors  guarding  the  tomb  of 
the  first  emperor  of  a  united  China.  You'll  enjoy  the  metro- 


politan sights  and  pleasures  of  Shanghai,  China's  largest  city. 
Also  available  is  an  optional  two-night  extension  to  exciting 
Hong  Kong,  where  fabulous  shopping  and  sightseeing  exist 
side  by  side.  To  ensure  maximum  participant  enjoyment, 
group  size  will  be  limited  to  40.  From  approximately  $4,895 
per  person  from  San  Francisco. 

Grand  Tour  of  Spain  October  13-26 

This  fall  we  explore  the  old-world  charm  of  Portugal  and 
Spain countries  rich  in  history  and  traditions.  Our  itiner- 
ary begins  in  Lisbon,  capital  city  of  Portugal  and  continues 
with  visits  tec  Seville,  Cordoba,  Granada  and  cosmopolitan 
Madrid.  Via  secondary  roads  and  quiet,  rural  by-ways  we  experi- 
ence the  countryside  that  reflects  the  character  of  these  proud 
people.  A  special  selection  of  optional  excursions  will  include; 
flamenco  in  Seville,  El  Escorial  and  Valley  of  the  Fallen  and 
Avila  and  Segovia.  Approximately  $3,100  from  New  York. 

Greek  Isles  &  Ancient  Civilizations 
November  14-27 

The  ancient  wonders  of  a  lost  civilization  wait  for  you  when 
you  join  fellow  Duke  alumni  and  friends  for  an  odyssey 
through  time.  Travel  to  the  mysteries  of  Cairo,  Istanbul  and 
Pompeii;  experience  the  cultures  that  formed  world  history 
in  Rome,  Ephesus  and  Athens.  And  in  between,  touch  the 
pristine  beauty  of  the  romantic  islands  of  Greece;  Patmos, 
Rhodes  and  Crete.  Your  home  for  this  14-day  air/sea  adven- 
ture will  be  Royal  Cruise  Line's  elegant  Golden  Odyssey— long 
a  favorite  of  Duke  alumni.  Prices  begin  at  $2,715  including 
free  air  from  major  cities. 

Amazon  River  Cruise  November  16-29 

Seaboum  Cruise  Line's  Amazon  is  different  from  everyone 
else's  Amazon:  Seabourn  takes  you  farther  and  closer!  Relax 
in  your  elegantly  appointed  outside  suite  and  gaze  through 
your  own  picture  window  at  the  unparalleled  mystery  and 
majesty  of  the  world's  mightiest  river.  Along  the  way 
Seabourn's  unique  shore  excursions  are  a  rare  mix  of  elegance 
and  adventure.  After  the  Amazon  enjoy  some  of  the 
Caribbean's  least  visited  and  most  enchanting  islands.  The  all 
inclusive  price  includes  all  shore  excursions,  gratuities,  and 


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DUKE  PROFILE 


OF  THE 


October  19,  8:00  a.m. 
A  cool  breeze  blows 
across  the  North 
Carolina  State  Fair- 
grounds in  Raleigh. 
It  flutters  the  pen- 
nants atop  the  roller 
coasters  and  jostles 
the  giant,  inflated  crayons  at  the  conces- 
sion stands.  The  sky  is  clear — a  good  day 
for  the  fair.  Lone  figures  crisscross  the 
open  ground  between  the  rides.  They  duck 
into  tents  or  trailers  to  find  a  wrench,  a 
roll  of  tape,  a  cup  of  coffee. 

In  the  center  of  this  250-acre  complex, 
three  white  metal  trailers  form  a  courtyard 
with  the  open  end  facing  the  fairway.  The 
middle  trailer  carries  the  hand-painted 
image  of  a  steam  engine  bearing  down  on 
the  viewer  with  a  load  of  cars  arching 
behind.  The  lettering  beside  it  reads  "James 
E.  Strates  Shows." 

A  big  man  in  a  dark  blue  windbreaker 
strides  into  the  courtyard  and  knocks  on 
one  of  the  trailer  doors.  Inside,  James  E. 
"Jimmy"  Strates  '82  looks  up  from  his  desk. 
"There's  some  guys  here  from  the  Depart- 
ment of  Labor,"  the  man  says.  "They  want 
to  talk  to  you  about  handicapped  access." 

"We've  got  handicapped  access,"  replies 
Strates  evenly.  "What's  the  problem?" 

"I  don't  know.  They  want  to  know  if  all 
the  rides  are  handicapped  access.  Some- 
thin'  like  that.  They  want  to  talk  to  you." 

Outside,  Strates  greets  the  men  with  a 
handshake.  One  is  a  ride  inspector  from 
the  U.S.  Department  of  Labor,  the  other  a 
representative  of  a  handicapped-rights  asso- 
ciation. A  discussion  ensues  about  a  newly- 
passed  federal  law  dealing  with  access  for 
the  handicapped.  The  law  requires  that 
businesses  make  "reasonable  accommoda- 
tion" for  the  handicapped.  The  man  from 
the  handicapped-rights  association  inter- 
prets that  to  mean  that  every  ride  at  the 
fair  should  be  accessible  to  all  of  his  con- 
stituents. Strates  tries  to  persuade  the  man 
that,  law  or  no  law,  all  rides  are  not  suited 
to  all  people. 


JAMES  E.  STRATES 

BY  JOHN  MANUEL 


Strates  manages  a 

small  city  on  the  move: 

a  multi-million  dollar 

enterprise  with  300 

employees  and  their 

families,  seventy-five 

carnival  rides,  100 

concessions,  and  the 

heavy  equipment  needed 

to  move  it  all  up  and 

down  the  East  Coast. 


"Take  the  'Sky  Diver'  over  here,"  he 
says.  "You've  got  to  use  your  arm  and  leg 
muscles  to  stay  in  that  thing.  We're  not 
going  to  let  a  paraplegic  on  a  ride  like  that." 

"Well,  then  it  needs  to  be  modified," 
the  man  says. 

"Sir,  I  can't  even  imagine  how  it  would 
be  possible  to  make  all  of  our  rides  safe  for 
all  of  your  constituents."  The  man  persists, 
but  Strates  holds  his  ground. 

"Listen,  we've  already  discussed  our  ride 
policy  with  your  people  and  they've  ap- 
proved it,"  Strates  explains  to  the  ride  in- 
spector. "We've  got  a  list  of  which  rides 
are  accessible  to  which  kinds  of  people.  I'll 
be  happy  to  provide  you  with  one.  That's 
the  best  I  can  do." 

The  ride  inspector  glances  over  to  the 
handicapped  advocate.  Sensing  he  has 
heard  the  bottom  line,  the  latter  reneges. 
"Okay.  We'll  check  over  the  list."  Strates 
looks  each  of  them  in  the  eye,  then  offers 
his  hand.  Back  in  the  trailer,  he  offers  just 
the  hint  of  a  smile. 

"No,  I  wouldn't  say  my  undergraduate 
education  exactly  prepared  me  for  this,"  he 
says.  "I  was  an  accounting  and  political  sci- 
ence major  at  Duke.  Political  science 
helped  me  understand  organizational  struc- 
tures in  government.  That's  useful  because 
we  have  to  deal  with  different  government 
agencies  in  each  state  we  work  in.  And 
accounting  has  been  very  helpful.  Other 
than  that,  I've  had  to  learn  pretty  much 
everything  on  the  job." 

At  a  relatively  young  age,  Jim  Strates 
has  become  manager  of  what  amounts  to  a 
small  city  on  the  move.  The  James  E. 
Strates  Shows,  Inc.  is  a  multi-million  dol- 
lar enterprise  consisting  of  approximately 
300  full-time  employees  and  their  families, 
seventy-five  carnival  rides,  100  concessions, 
and  assorted  heavy  equipment  including 
tractor  trailers,  house  trailers,  generators, 
and  boom  cranes.  The  entire  operation  is 
self-contained,  traveling  on  fifty-nine 
orange,  white,  and  blue  railroad  cars,  each 
one  bearing  the  company  name. 

Strates    Shows    is    based    in    Orlando, 


37 


Florida,  but  for  six  months  a  year  starting 
in  May,  employees  and  their  families  live 
together  on  the  train  or  in  the  trailers,  log- 
ging 6,500  miles  up  and  down  the  East 
Coast.  They  play  sixteen  state  and  country 
fairs  from  Hallandale,  Florida,  to  Syracuse, 
New  York. 

For  North  Carolina,  the  state  fair  is  the 
biggest  entertainment  event  of  the  year. 
As  many  as  700,000  people  pass  through 
the  gates  during  the  two-week  fair  period. 
They  come  to  see  the  pigs,  the  grandstand 
shows,  and  the  exhibitions.  But  more  than 
anything  else,  they  come  for  the  rides  and 
games  on  the  midway. 

That  is  Jim  Strates'  specialty.  For  two 
bucks,  he  will  put  you  in  a  three-foot  wide 
container  and  spin  you  upside  down  in  a 
sixty-foot  diameter  loop,  reaching  speeds 
up  to  50  miles  per  hour.  Or  you  can  pay  a 
dollar  to  pick  a  rubber  duck  out  of  a  mov- 
ing stream  on  the  odd  chance  of  winning  a 
stuffed  bear.  Strates  can  light  up  the  night 
sky  with  100,000  colored  lights,  and  fill  it 
with  the  sounds  of  controlled  madness. 

For  nearly  forty  years,  Strates  Shows,  Inc. 
has  won  the  right  to  provide  the  rides  and 
midway  at  the  North  Carolina  State  Fair. 
Because  of  its  size,  North  Carolina  is  con- 
sidered one  of  the  plums  in  the  fair  busi- 
ness. Gross  revenues  over  the  two-week 
run  can  be  well  over  $2  million,  given  de- 
cent weather.  Bad  weather,  always  a  threat 
during  this  time  of  year,  can  kill  them. 

Because  of  their  long  standing  at  the 
North  Carolina  State  Fair,  the  Strates  fam- 
ily is  well-known  to  fair  officials  and  people 
such  as  Agriculture  Commissioner  Jim 
Graham  and  Governor  Jim  Martin.  By  all 
accounts,  they  are  thought  of  highly.  "The 
Strates  Shows  are  the  tops  in  the  indus- 
try," says  Sam  Rand,  manager  of  the  fair. 
"Commissioner  Graham  and  I  travel  across 
the  country  every  year  looking  at  other 
state  fairs,  and  we  haven't  found  a  better 
operation  yet." 

James  E.  Strates  Shows,  Inc.  was  founded 
in  1923  when  Jim's  grandfather,  James  E. 
Strates,  bought  a  chairplane  and  a  merry- 
go-round  and  took  them  on  the  road.  Be- 
fore that,  he  had  been  a  sideshow  wrestler, 
taking  on  anyone  in  town  for  a  dollar.  In 
1959,  James  E.  died  on  the  road,  leaving 
the  company  in  the  hands  of  Jim's  father, 
E.  James.  Now  Jim  is  being  groomed  to 
take  over  the  reins  one  day.  With  the  ex- 
ception of  his  undergraduate  years  at  Duke 
and  a  stint  in  the  Marine  Corps,  the  "show" 
is  the  only  life  he  has  known. 

"We  didn't  even  own  a  home  until  I  was 
three,"  Strates  says.  "I  traveled  full-time 
with  the  show  until  I  was  six.  After  that,  I 
started  school  in  Florida,  but  I  still  traveled 
with  the  show  in  the  summer.  It  was  great." 
Now  married,  Strates  lives  with  his  wife, 
Cynthia,  and  two  children,  ages  three  and 


For  two  bucks,  Strates 
will  put  you  in  a  three- 
foot- wide  container  and 
spin  you  upside  down  in 
a  sixty-foot-diameter 
loop,  reaching  speeds 
up  to  50  miles  per  hour. 


two,  in  a  sixteen-foot  by  fifty-foot  trailer. 
The  trailer  is  typically  parked  behind  the 
office  complex,  so  that  work  is  never  far 
away. 

9:00  a.m.  The  gates  open  and  the  first 
of  some  50,000  fair-goers  stream  onto  the 
grounds.  There  are  packs  of  teenagers  in 
their  high  school  colors  heading  for  the  big 
rides  at  the  far  end  of  the  fairway.  There  are 
doe-eyed  families  from  the  rural  corners  of 
the  state,  here  to  spend  a  week's  pay  on  cot- 
ton candy,  Ferris  wheels,  and  the  chance 
to  hear  the  Charlie  Daniels  Band  duel  fid- 
dles with  the  devil.  There  are  busloads  of 
handicapped  people,  shepherded  through 
the  madness  by  adult  caretakers.  They  all- 
swirl  around  the  trailers  in  an  ever-thicken- 
ing stream,  pumped  up  by  the  bells,  sirens, 
and  rap  music  booming  from  their  rides.  It's 
all  background  noise  to  Jim  Strates. 

After  graduating  from  Duke  in  1982, 
Strates  spent  seven-and-a-half  years  in  the 
Marine  Corps.  "I  flew  jets  in  Hawaii,  then 
went  through  the  Naval  Weapons  [Top 
Gun]  Fighter  School.  I  miss  a  lot  of  things 
about  that.  I  miss  being  with  a  group  of 
guys  the  same  age.  I  miss  the  competition. 
I  miss  the  excitement.  These  rides  are  fun, 
but  they're  hardly  like  a  jet.  Part  of  the 
excitement  of  flying  a  jet  is  knowing  you 
can  get  hurt." 

The  phone  rings  and  Strates  answers.  It 
is  his  father,  E.  James.  A  generator  on  one 
of  the  big  rides  (known  as  "spectaculars") 
is  malfunctioning  and  he  needs  Jim  to  buy 
a  new  one.  Gregory  Poole  Contractors 
across  Hillsborough  Street  has  provided 
them  with  equipment  in  the  past.  E.  James 
tells  his  son  to  look  there. 

Several  hours  later,  Jim  returns  to  the 
trailer,  unsuccessful  in  his  hunt  for  a  new 
generator.  He  is  not  looking  forward  to 
breaking  the  news  to  his  father — a  man 
not  known  for  his  patience.  Jim's  comeup- 
pance is  not  long  in  coming.  E.  James 
Strates  strides  into  the  courtyard  with  a 
cigar  in  his  mouth  and  a  walkie-talkie  in 
his  hand.  He  has  the  same  erect  military 
bearing  as  his  son,  a  product  of  his  own 


stint  in  the  Marine  Corps.  But  where  Jim's 
gaze  is  uncertain,  his  father's  eyes  are  filled 
with  fire. 

"So  what's  the  story?"  he  asks  his  son. 

"They  didn't  have  one,"  Jim  says.  "He 
said  they  don't  make  them  anymore." 

"Oh,  bull!  Who  told  you  that?" 

Jim  tells  his  father  the  name  of  the 
salesman  and  adds  that  he  was  very  pointed 
about  it. 

"Look,"  E.  James  counters.  "He's  like 
the  favorite  dog  that  bites  your  leg.  You 
hate  the  bite,  but  you  love  the  dog.  You 
tell  him  you  don't  care  if  they  don't  make 
it  anymore.  You  gotta  find  one.  Tell  him 
you  don't  care  if  it's  in  the  rental  fleet  sit- 
ting on  some  guy's  floor  and  he's  never 
sold  it.  Just  don't  take  'no'  for  an  answer." 

E.  James  pops  the  cigar  back  in  his  mouth 
and  stares  at  his  son  until  he  detects  a  nod. 
The  half-dozen  other  employees  in  the 
courtyard  look  down  at  their  feet.  It's  a 
scene  reminiscent  of  The  Great  Santini — 
Robert  Duvall,  as  Marine  Corps  pilot  Bull 
Meacham,  dressing  down  his  son  on  the 
basketball  court  for  not  playing  hardball 
with  the  opposition.  With  his  high  fore- 
head and  straight  mouth,  E.  James  even 
looks  like  Duvall. 

Jim  returns  to  Gregory  Poole  with  re- 
newed conviction.  Phone  calls  are  made,  a 
generator  is  located.  It's  in  another  state 
and  will  cost  $18,000,  but  it  will  be  here 
tomorrow.  Another  lesson  learned. 

"Working  for  my  father  is  the  best  job 
and  the  worst  job  you'll  ever  have,"  Jim 
says.  "No  one  can  teach  you  like  my 
father.  There's  no  one  who  does  it  better. 
But  he's  tough  to  work  with  sometimes. 
When  my  dad  came  out  of  the  Marine 
Corps,  he  had  little  tolerance  for  mistakes. 
He  used  to  chase  people  down  the  road  if 
they  crossed  him.  But  he's  gotten  better. 
He  was  never  as  bad  as  Bull  Meacham.  He 
never  bounced  a  basketball  off  my  head." 

E.  James  Strates  was  only  twenty-nine 
when  he  took  over  the  company  after  his 
father's  death.  At  that  time,  the  company 
was  in  poor  financial  condition.  There 
were  several  years  when  he  was  unable  to 
pay  his  debts.  But  through  sheer  determi- 
nation, the  dedication  of  his  employees, 
and  the  marketing  genius  of  Bob  Eastman, 
a  developer  of  Cypress  Gardens  and  Sea 
World,  E.  James  was  able  to  pull  the  busi- 
ness out  of  debt  and  turn  it  into  one  of  the 
most  profitable  carnival  operations  in  the 
country.  E.  James  brought  in  professional 
managers  and  instituted  dress  codes  and 
rules  for  all  the  employees,  down  to  the  ride 
operators.  He  made  marketing  a  central 
part  of  the  operation,  and  instituted  a 
scheduled  replacement  program  for  equip- 
ment like  trucks  and  generators.  He  invested 
in  bigger  and  better  rides,  mostly  of  Euro- 
pean design. 


Fair  heir  apparent:  Snares,  center,  whose  grandfather  founded  the  business,  is  being  groomed  to  take  over  the  reins 


And  as  the  profits  have  mounted,  he  has 
expanded  into  related  businesses.  Today, 
Strates  Enterprises  includes  sixteen  corpo- 
rations, ranging  from  an  electrical  supply 
business  to  a  permanent  fairground  in 
Anderson,  South  Carolina. 

According  to  Ben  Braunstein,  public  rela- 
tions manager  with  the  company  since  the 
1940s,  E.  James  commands  tremendous  loy- 
alty from  his  employees.  Many  of  the  man- 
agers have  left  the  company  at  one  time  or 
another  to  work  for  other  shows,  only  to  re- 
turn to  work  for  Strates.  And  one  by  one, 
E.  James'  children  have  also  climbed  on 
board — Susan,  thirty-four,  in  administra- 
tion; Cybil,  twenty-eight,  in  marketing;  and 
Jim  in  management.  Jim  insists  that  none  of 
them  was  pressured  to  join  the  business. 

"I  always  planned  on  doing  it,"  he  says. 
"I  can't  think  of  another  business  where 
you  get  to  do  such  a  variety  of  things.  You 
may  be  dealing  with  a  personnel  problem 
one  minute  and  doing  long-term  planning 
the  next.  And  we  do  everything  as  a  family. 
We  all  communicate  really  well  with  each 
other. 

"I've  learned  a  lot  about  life  in  this 
business.  As  Dad  says,  'It  doesn't  have  to 
be  right,  it  doesn't  have  to  be  fair:  Some- 
times you  just  have  to  bite  your  tongue  and 
do  it.'  For  example,  the  state  of  Florida  ini- 
tially said  we  have  to  put  even'  ride 
through  non-destructive  testing.  Every  ride 
has  to  be  tested  either  with  an  X-ray  or  a 
magna-flux  to  see  if  there  are  any  cracks  or 
weaknesses.  That's  ridiculous,  but  what  can 


you  do?  We  finally  persuaded  them  that 
things  like  the  Pony  Ride,  which  are  made 
out  of  plastic,  cannot  be  magna  fluxed. 
Now,  they've  modified  their  stance  to  take 
those  kinds  of  things  into  account. 

"I  also  learned  the  most  important  part  of 
the  job  is  follow-up.  In  the  Marine  Corps,  if 
you  tell  someone  to  do  something,  they  do 
it.  Out  here,  people  nod  their  heads  and 
say,  'yes,  we'll  do  it,'  but  you  have  to  fol- 
low up  to  make  sure.  We've  had  a  lot  of 
trouble  with  railroad  regulations.  The  Feds 
told  us  we  have  to  load  the  cranes  on  the 
flatcars  with  the  boom  trailing.  That's  so  if 
the  boom  comes  loose,  it  doesn't  swing  out 
and  hit  anything.  Our  people  have  always 
loaded  the  cranes  nose  to  nose,  but  I  told 
them  how  it  had  to  be  done.  They  said, 
'Yeah,  no  problem.'  Sure  enough,  on  the 
way  to  Syracuse,  we  saw  the  cranes  mount- 
ed nose-to-nose." 

6.00  p.m.  The  typical  office  worker  is 
through  for  the  day.  Time  to  relax  and 
have  a  beer.  Jim  Strates  is  ready  to  get  some 
dinner  back  at  the  trailer  when  the  phones 
ring  again.  The  woman  on  the  line  is  dis- 
traught. She  claims  that  while  at  the  fair 
earlier  in  the  day,  her  husband  was  cheat- 
ed at  one  of  the  midway  games.  The  game, 
owned  by  an  independent  operator  that 
Strates  hired  locally,  requires  contestants 
to  climb  a  wobbly  rope  ladder  and  hit  a 
buzzer.  According  to  this  woman,  her  hus- 
band made  it  up  the  rope  and  hit  the 
buzzer,  but  the  buzzer  never  went  off. 
Strates  assures  her  he  will  check  it  out. 


Strates  rides  off  down  the  midway  and 
confronts  the  operator.  "Oh,  no,"  the  man 
says.  "The  buzzer's  workin'.  The  guy  just 
didn't  hit  it  hard  enough."  As  the  two  men 
talk,  another  contestant  scales  the  ladder 
and  hits  the  buzzer.  Again  there  is  no 
sound.  "Jeez,  the  thing  must  be  broken," 
the  man  says.  "I'll  have  to  get  it  fixed." 

Strates  gives  the  man  a  Marine  Corps 
stare.  "I  want  you  packed  up  and  out 
of  here  by  tomorrow,"  he  says.  End  ot 
discussion. 

Midnight.  The  fair  finally  closes  for  the 
day.  The  last  of  the  teenagers  are  ushered 
out  the  gate.  Ride  operators  converge  on 
the  administrative  trailer  with  ticket  boxes 
in  hand.  The  boxes  are  checked  in  and 
weighed  to  estimate  the  number  of  tickets 
they  hold.  Strates  and  his  staff  evaluate 
how  well  each  ride  has  done.  Last-minute 
problems  are  attended  to  and  plans  are 
made  for  the  next  day. 

2:00  a.m.  Strates  retires  to  his  house 
trailer.  Cynthia  is  still  up,  waiting  to  tell 
him  about  her  and  the  kids'  day.  "Jimmy 
was  up  until  midnight  waiting  lor  you,"  she 
says.  "I  think  he's  gone  to  sleep." 

Strates  nods  wearily,  searching  the  re- 
frigerator for  something  to  eat,  then  heads 
off  with  Cynthia  to  the  bedroom.  On  the 
way,  he  stops  and  opens  the  door  to  E. 
James'  room.  His  son  lays  sprawled  out  on 
the  floor,  asleep  in  the  middle  of  his  toys. 
Another  rough  day.  ■ 


Manuel  is  a  free-lance  writer  living  in  Durham. 


SCHOLARS  UNDER  GLASS 

Continued  from  page  7 

interplay  between  Russian  literature  and 
political  totalitarianism;  three  weeks  later, 
religion  professor  Eric  Meyers  discussed 
the  meaning  of  the  Dead  Sea  Scrolls  and 
the  ethics  of  scholarship  in  "Scrolls  and 
Scriptures."  Pond's  recent  roster  of  guests 
also  includes  a  Columbia  University  music 
historian,  Mark  Tucker,  talking  about  the 
early  Duke  Ellington,  and  Polish  parliamen- 
tarian Bronislaw  Geremek  and  Librarian  of 
Congress  James  Billington  on  "The  Civil 
Society." 

But  to  Pond,  the  greater  role  of  the 
show  is  in  educating  the  public  about  the 
general  ways  of  scholarship.  What  he  tries 
to  get  his  scholar-subjects  to  do,  he  says,  is 
"not  only  to  explain  the  value  and  worthi- 
ness of  what  they're  doing,  but  also  how 
they  go  about  it,  the  way  they  use  evi- 
dence, the  way  they  research  conclusions, 
the  way  they  debate  between  themselves." 
Part  of  his  radio  mission,  he  says,  is  to  "de- 
mystify" scholarship.  "There  is  this  sense 
out  there  of  the  ivory  tower  and  the  isolat- 
ed scholarly  world.  That's  nonsense.  These 
people  are  deeply  engaged  in  what  hap- 
pens in  the  world  and  they  have  strong 
opinions  about  it." 

Pond  has  strong  opinions  about  the 
media's  acceptance  of  intellectually  provoc- 
ative programming,  and  he  is  not  at  all 
sanguine.  Even  with  300  stations  airing 
the  program,  Soundings  is  not  a  staple  of 
the  major  media  markets.  Radio  station 
executives  treat  Soundings  "in  much  the 
same  way  as  much  of  the  general  culture 
treats  education.  They  think  that  it  is  bor- 
ing and  dry  and  difficult."  After  all,  he  says, 
the  most  popular  program  on  National  Pub- 
lic Radio  is  not  the  in-depth  news  broad- 
casts Morning  Edition  or  All  Things  Consid- 
ered, but  Car  Talk,  the  automotive  advice 
show  driven  by  humor.  "So  you  find  your- 
self in  this  awful  conundrum:  How  much 
seriousness  will  the  popular  culture  bear? 

"As  they  play  the  ratings  game,  radio 
people  are  oriented  not  to  ideas  but  to 
events;  they  get  impatient  with  people 
who  want  to  explain  the  ideas  behind  the 
events.  And  that's  what  scholars  do.  Jour- 
nalists will  give  you  the  events  surround- 
ing the  so-called  fall  of  communism  and 
all  the  overtly  political  and  military  re- 
sults. What  they  don't  report  about  are  the 
conditions  that  created  the  events.  The 
whole  idea  behind  journalism  is  to  simplify 
the  complex.  You  can  only  take  that 
approach  so  far,  and  you  begin  not  just  to 
oversimplify;  you  begin  to  distort." 

To  National  Humanities  Center  director 
W.  Robert  Connor,  the  Big  Questions  at 
century's  end — questions  of  culture,  reli- 
gion,   ethnicity,    independence — are    all 


CTICE  AND  THEORY  IN  PRINCETON 


Then  it  comes  to  in- 
dependent research 
institutes  in  the 
United  States,  the  National 
Humanities  Center  doesn't 
stand  alone — quite.  There  are 
three  similar  institutes:  the 
Center  for  Behavioral 
Research  in  Palo  Alto,  Cali- 
fornia; the  Carnegie  Institute, 
which  is  based  largely  in 
Washington,  D.C.;  and  the 
Institute  for  Advanced  Study 
in  Princeton,  New  Jersey. 

Almost  every  prominent 
mathematician  and  theoreti- 
cal physicist  in  the  world  has 
spent  some  time  at  the  Insti- 
tute for  Advanced  Study. 
Albert  Einstein  came  in  1933, 
three  years  after  the  institute's 
founding,  and  remained  until 
his  death  in  1955.  The  insti- 
tute's director  beginning  with 
this  academic  year  is  Phillip 
Griffiths;  a  mathematician 
and  member  of  the  National 
Academy  of  Sciences,  Grif- 
fiths had  been  Duke's  provost 
since  1983. 

If  it's  popularly  thought  of 
as  a  think  tank  of  theoretical 
science,  the  Institute  for  Ad- 


vanced Study  has  an  impres- 
sive record  as  well  in  the 
humanities  and  social 
sciences.  It  has  a  permanent 
faculty  of  about  160,  making 
it  both  a  larger  and  more 
steady-state  group  than  the 
National  Humanities  Center; 
but  like  the  National  Human- 
ities Center,  it  renews  itself 
with  visiting  scholars.  Among 
the  recent  residents  were 
Duke  English  professor  Lee 
Patterson,  a  widely-published 
Medievalist,  and  Duke  histo- 
rian of  science  Monica  Green. 
Free-standing  institutes  are 
especially  important  at  a  time 
when  grants  are  increasingly 
directed  to  researchers  with 
"proven  track  records"  and  to 
research  that  is  "fairly  pre- 
dictable," Griffiths  says.  "All 
the  pressures  are  in  the  direc- 
tion of  more  short-term,  more 
practical,  more  policy-oriented 
kinds  of  scholarship.  If  you're 
a  scholar  interested  in  per- 
forming speculative  research, 
risky  research,  you're  more 
likely  to  find  support  through 
one  of  the  institutes  than  any- 
where else." 


The  American  research  uni- 
versity is  itself  a  fairly  recent 
creation,  essentially  sparked 
by  World  War  II.  It  was  only 
then  that  the  idea  of  free- 
standing institutes  took  hold 
to  ensure  "freedom  from  di- 
versions" for  fundamental 
scholarship,  Griffiths  says. 
"After  the  Second  World  War, 
a  lot  of  emphasis  was  put  on 
research  in  the  universities. 
Much  of  that  trend  was 
driven  by  federal  funding  in 
the  sciences. 

But  that  trend  is  now  shift- 
ing. Beginning  with  the  Eight- 
ies and  accelerating  with  the 
Nineties,  there's  been  a  call 
for  universities  to  strike  a 
better  balance  between  their 
teaching  and  scholarly  roles." 
What  that  means,  he  suggests, 
is  that  campuses  will  become 
increasingly  focused  on  teach- 
ing, and  researchers  will  look 
increasingly  to  the  institutes. 

In  the  meantime,  the  Insti- 
tute for  Advanced  Study,  the 
National  Humanities  Center, 
and  the  other  institutes  are 
working  to  identify  areas  for 
cooperation.  One  of  their 
shared  interests  is  helping 
scholars  from  Eastern  Europe 
and  the  former  Soviet  Union — 
where  the  Academy  of  Sci- 
ences and  the  university  sys- 
tem are  ripe  for  a  radical  over- 
haul— in  "rebuilding  the 
infrastructure  of  scholarship," 
Griffiths  says.  There  are  al- 
ready fledgling  institutes  fol- 
lowing the  American  model 
in  Bucharest  and  Prague. 

"The  easy  part  is  bringing 
scholars  here.  The  hard  part  is 
multiplying  the  effect,  send- 
ing them  back  with  the 
wherewithal  to  create  their 
own  scholarly  institutes." 


deeply  humanistic.  And  his  hope  is  that 
American  society,  like  the  societies  of  East- 
ern Europe,  will  turn  toward  its  humanists. 
"Remarkable  people  with  remarkable  talents 
exist  in  this  society,  as  they  exist  in  Vaclev 
Havel's  Czechoslovakia,"  he  says,  "but  we 
don't  seem  ready  to  draw  on  them." 

Connor  made  perhaps  his  most  conspic- 
uous mark  on  the  center  with  the  "Civil 
Society"  conference  in  November,  a  three- 
day  affair  that  brought  together  scholars 
and  statesmen  from  Russia  and  Eastern 
Europe,  China,  Argentina,  Ireland,  the 
United  States,  and  elsewhere.  The  focus,  as 
he  described  it,  was  to  explore  "the  space 
in  which  free  exchanges  of  goods  and  ideas, 
free  expression,  free  exercise  of  religion, 
free  associations  through  unions,  clubs,  and 
interest  groups,  can  exist."  Connor  re- 
minded the  audience  of  Aristotle's  dictum 


that  "Man  is  by  nature  a  political  being." 
In  Aristotle's  view,  he  said,  "creatures 
have  to  be  understood  in  their  natural  set- 
ting, and  for  human  beings  that  setting  is  a 
place  where  they  can  be  free  individuals 
who  can  argue  and  join  together  in  deci- 
sion-making about  their  society."  Aristotle 
envisioned  "autonomous  individuals,"  he 
added,  "who  don't  let  themselves  get  pushed 
around  by  authorities,  and  relatively  equal 
individuals  who  deal  with  each  other  as 
citizens." 

Connor's  interpretation  of  Aristotle's  idea 
sounds  strikingly  like  the  idea  behind  the 
National  Humanities  Center — the  idea  of 
unencumbered  discussion  and  scholarship. 
And  it  may  be  that  in  this  small  communi- 
ty of  scholars,  he  is  shaping  his  own  version 
of  a  "civil  society"  that,  in  time,  will  have 
something  to  say  to  the  larger  society.       ■ 


BEING  GREEN 

Continued  from  page  1 6 

what,  hut  many  will  not  until  there  is  ade- 
quate parking,  pathways,  and  security." 

The  students,  faculty,  staff,  and  adminis- 
trators on  the  Bicycling  Task  Force  have 
developed  plans  for  just  such  an  infrastruc- 
ture: a  designated  hikeway  connecting  East 
and  West  campuses  (with  eventual  exten- 
sions reaching  to  Science  Drive  and  nearby 
Durham  communities  heavily  populated  by 
Duke  employees  and  students)  and  adequate 
bicycle  storage  at  each  end  of  campus.  The 
plan  also  calls  for  a  bicycle  registration  pro- 
gram aimed  at  increasing  awareness  of  bike 
regulations,  decreasing  bike 
theft,  and  measuring  the 
level  of  hike  use.  Registra- 
tion fees  will  be  nominal, 
and  registrants  will  receive 
waterproof  cycle  covers 
featuring  the  Duke  logo. 

"We  are  going  to  have 
a  Duke  bikeway,"  Siemer 
says.  "There's  no  question 
about  that.  It's  just  a  ques- 
tion of  how."  Questions 
about  the  placement  of 
the  pathway  and  funding 
for  the  project — estimated 
at  $100,000  for  a  thousand 
new  racks  and  just  under 
$250,000  for  the  East- 
West  path — remain  unre- 
solved, but  $50,000  appro- 
priated last  summer  is  al- 
ready being  used  to  install 
the  first  batch  of  new  bike 
racks. 

As  members  of  the  Bicycling  Task  Force 
were  cranking  out  their  final  proposal  this 
fall,  Siemer  was  working  with  the  Energy 
Conservation  Advisory  Committee  to  exam- 
ine broader  questions  about  campus  energy 
consumption.  Launching  a  five-year  energy 
audit  of  all  Duke  buildings,  the  committee 
wants  to  measure  Duke's  efficiency  and 
determine  how  improvements  can  be  made 
to  increase  energy  conservation,  as  well  as  to 
decrease  the  university's  annual  $12-mil- 
lion  power,  $5.5-million  steam,  and  $1.8- 
million  water  bills. 

Despite  his  belief  in  institutionalized 
change,  Siemer  concedes  that  goals  like 
energy  conservation  cannot  be  achieved 
through  infrastructure  alone.  "It  has  to  be 
a  cultural  change,  a  mindset.  At  the  same 
time  you're  making  infrastructure  changes, 
you  have  to  be  making  the  change  of 
attitude." 

Siemer  says  that  there  should  be  a  perma- 
nent place  at  Duke  for  something  like  the 
Energy  Conservation  Advisory  Committee, 
and  someone  who  acts  as  a  sort  of  "Energy 
Czar."  "We  need  someplace  and  someone 


to  constantly  chum  out  dialogue,"  Siemer 
says,  "someone  like  Norm  Christensen." 

Christensen  is  a  fitting  spokesperson  tor 
the  environment.  He  is  the  first  dean  of 
the  School  of  the  Environment;  and  the 
new  school  he  oversees  is  a  natural  habitat 
for  campus  environmental  activities.  The 
School  of  the  Environment  has  combined 
the  former  school  of  Forestry  and  Environ- 
mental Studies  and  the  Duke  Marine  Lab.  It 
has  developed  an  interdisciplinary  structure 
to  draw  upon  the  talents  of  not  just  natural 
scientists,  but  also  social  scientists,  engi- 
neers, and  what  Christensen  calls  "clini- 
cians"— the  forest  and  environmental  man- 
agers who  do  hands-on  work  outside  the 


heeb:  bicycling  needs  include'  parking,  pathways,  and  sec 


lab.  "Environmental  issues  don't  fall  into 
tidy  disciplines,"  says  Christensen,  and  a 
comprehensive  approach  is  often  needed 
in  order  to  address  them. 

But  what  kind  of  impact  can  the  new 
school  have  upon  campus  attitudes?  Duke's 
commitment  to  environmental  education 
can  make  a  profound  difference,  Chris- 
tensen says.  He  recalls  Earth  Day  1970,  the 
turning  point  that  marked  the  last  surge  in 
campus  environmentalism.  "At  that  time, 
people  associated  environmental  problems 
with  certain  political  contexts.  That  there 
was  a  major  problem,  one  of  global  propor- 
tions, wasn't  something  people  thought 
about.  They  focused  more  on  single  issues. 
What  the  last  twenty  years  demonstrates  is 
that  our  worst  fears  are  true.  For  instance, 
we  now  know  that  chlorofluorocarbons  are 
harmful." 

Greater  scientific  knowledge  along  with 
heightened  media  interest  in  environmen- 
tal issues  have  contributed  to  the  current 
consciousness.  "It's  not  simply  a  political 
agenda  being  played  out.  The  general  level 
of  concern  is  much  better  informed  today. 


It's  that  fact  that  is  likely  to  sustain  aware- 
ness at  the  university  and  is  likely  to  bring 
about  a  strong  base  of  students  and  faculty 
to  make  changes  in  years  to  come." 

Duke  is  particularly  well-suited  to  foster- 
ing that  growth.  With  an  increase  in  under- 
graduate course  offerings  on  environmen- 
tal topics  in  fields  ranging  from  geology  to 
history,  a  new  environmental  policy  in- 
ternship track  at  the  Institute  for  Policy 
Sciences  and  Public  Affairs,  research  cen- 
ters like  the  Center  for  Tropical  Conserva- 
tion and  the  Center  for  Resource  and  Envi- 
ronmental Policy  Research,  and  the  vast 
resources  of  the  School  of  the  Environment, 
an  environmentally-aware  observer  like  Trin- 
ity junior  Rob  Alexan- 
der says,  "Academically, 
we're  lucky." 

Co-founder  of  the 
Green  Earth  Gang,  an 
environmental-educa- 
tion program  in  Durham 
elementary  schools,  Al- 
exander has  worked  with 
a  host  of  student  envi- 
ronmental groups  to 
deepen  campus  aware- 
ness of  ecological  prob- 
lems. He  has  participat- 
ed in  the  annual  Beach 
Sweep  at  Beaufort, 
North  Carolina,  and  in 
one-time  events  like 
Oil-aholics  Anonymous 
Day  through  ECOS.  Last 
summer  he  volunteered 
at  the  national  office  of 
[TJ.  the  Student  Environ- 

mental Action  Coali- 
tion, which  sponsors  national  and  regional 
conferences  and  serves  as  a  resource  for  stu- 
dents with  ecological  concerns.  With  more 
than  150  people  expressing  an  interest  this 
year  in  the  new  Environmental  Alliance, 
an  umbrella  organization  encompassing  a 
dozen  campus  environmental  groups,  Alex- 
ander says  he's  confident  that  environmen- 
talism is  nourishing  at  Duke. 

Back  at  the  Green  House,  residents  work 
to  change  campus  and  community  attitudes 
through  consciousness-raising.  By  leading 
dorm  talks  and  teaching  a  spring  house 
course,  acting  as  a  resource  for  environmen- 
tal information,  and  hosting  twice-weekly 
vegetarian  dinners  for  members  of  the  Duke 
community,  they  will  try  to  show  people- 
that  their  decisions  about  how  to  live  can 
either  destroy  or  preserve  the  environment. 
"We  need  to  do  more  than  just  recycle," 
Jessica  Barnhill  says.  "We  need  to  think 
about  our  entire  lifestyles."  ■ 


Hazirjian  '90  is  a  free-lance  writer  living  in 
Durham.  She  will  begin  graduate  school  in  history 
next  (all. 


DUKEGAZET 


BRODIE  TO  LEAVE 
PRESIDENCY 


H.  Keith  H.Brodie 


Duke  President 
H.  Keith  H. 
Brodie  has 
said  he  plans  to  re- 
turn full-time  to  his 
faculty  responsibili- 
ties as  James  B.  Duke 
Professor  of  Psychia- 
try and  Law  on  July 
1,  1993.  Brodie  made 
the  announcement 
at  the  meeting  of  the 
board  of  trustees  in 
late  February. 

"I  appreciate  the  opportunity  to  serve  as 
president  of  this  marvelous  university  yet 
one  more  year,"  Brodie  said.  "But  July  of 
1993  will  be  the  right  time  for  me  to 
return  to  research  and  to  my  first  love, 
teaching." 

Brodie  completed  a  five-year  term  as 
president  in  1990  and  was  reappointed  by 
the  board  of  trustees.  He  said  at  that  time 
that  he  did  not  intend  to  remain  in  office 
for  another  five  years.  After  he  leaves  the 
presidency,  he  plans  to  take  a  one-year 
sabbatical  leave,  during  which  he  expects 
to  write  about  the  college  presidency  and 
to  update  his  textbook  on  psychiatry. 

"Duke  University  has  experienced  re- 
markable growth  and  achievement  during 
Keith  Brodie's  presidency,"  said  trustee 
chairman  P.J.  Baugh  '54-  "By  every 
index — academic,  financial,  quality  of  stu- 
dents and  faculty,  research  productivity, 
and  growth  of  the  endowment — Duke  is  a 
stronger  place  today  that  it  was  when  he 
assumed  the  presidency  in  1985." 

Brodie  joined  the  Duke  faculty  in  1974, 
serving  as  chair  of  the  psychiatry  depart- 
ment and  of  the  psychiatry  service.  In 
1981  he  was  named  James  B.  Duke  Profes- 
sor of  Psychiatry  and  Law,  and  the  follow- 
ing year  he  became  university  chancellor. 
He  also  held  the  job  of  acting  provost  for  a 
year,  and  he  continued  to  serve  as  chan- 
cellor until  he  succeeded  Terry  Sanford  as 
president  in  1985. 

Brodie  told  the  trustees  that  "the  pur- 
pose of  announcing  my  plans  at  this  early 
point  is  to  allow  a  national  search  to  take 
place  in  an  orderly  manner  to  identify  my 
successor."  John  Wesley   Chandler   B.D. 


'52,  Ph.D.  '54,  vice  chair  of  the  board  and 
former  president  of  Williams  College,  will 
head  the  search  committee  to  seek  a  suc- 
cessor. Chandler  said  the  committee  will 
conduct  a  comprehensive  national  search 
that  will  include  soliciting  nominations 
from  Duke  faculty  and  alumni. 

The  search  committee  will  consist  of  six 
trustees,  including  the  board's  chair  as  an 
ex  officio  member;  six  faculty  members,  in- 
cluding the  chair  of  the  Academic  Council 
as  an  ex  officio  member;  a  representative 
of  the  undergraduate  student  government; 
a  representative  of  the  Graduate  and  Pro- 
fessional Student  Council;  two  representa- 
tives from  the  Duke  Alumni  Association; 
a  non-faculty  representative  of  the  univer- 
sity community;  and  a  representative  from 
the  Durham  community. 


PRIZED 
PROFESSORS 

Four  Duke  professors  have  earned  rec- 
ognition for  their  contributions  to 
literary  studies. 
In  late  January,  English  professor  Kenny 
J.  Williams  won  Senate  confirmation  to 
the  National  Council  on  the  Humanities. 
The  council  is  the  advisory  board  of  the 
National  Endowment  for  the  Humanities. 
Williams  was  chosen  after  President  Bush's 
first  nominee,  New  York  University  profes- 
sor Carol  Iannone,  was  rejected  by  a  Sen- 
ate committee.  According  to  The  Chronicle 
of  Higher  Education,  "Several  academic  as- 
sociations had  questioned  Ms.  Iannone's 
qualifications  to  sit  on  the  board,  but  her 
defenders  charged  that  the  groups  did  not 
like  Ms.  Iannone's  [conservative]  politics. 
Those  academic  associations  did  not  chal- 
lenge the  nomination  of  Ms.  Williams,  al- 
though she  shares  some  of  Ms.  Iannone's 
views  on  literature." 

In  an  editorial  after  her  nomination, 
Williams  drew  praise  from  The  New  York 
Times:  "Her  work  is  solid  and  interestingly 

offbeat She  has  published  a  wide  array 

of  articles  and  books  on  diverse  subjects, 
including  a  literary  history  of  Chicago  and 
studies  of  the  writer  Sherwood  Anderson 
and  of  African- American  writers  from  the 
late  eighteenth  to  the  early  twentieth  cen- 
tury.... Here's  hoping  the  Williams  nomi- 


nation signals  a  new  intent  by  Mr.  Bush  to 
take  the  council  seriously." 

Comparative  literature  professor  Frederic 
R.  Jameson's  Postmodernism,  or,  The  Cul- 
tural Logic  of  Late  Capitalism  received  the 
Modern  Language  Association's  twenty- 
second  James  Russell  Lowell  Prize.  Award- 
ed annually  at  the  MLA's  national  confer- 
ence, the  Lowell  Prize  recognizes  a  literary 
or  linguistic  study,  a  critical  edition  of  an 
important  work,  or  a  critical  biography  writ- 
ten by  a  member  of  the  association.  Jame- 
son's book  was  published  by  Duke  Univer- 
sity Press. 

The  MLA's  prize  selection  committee 
awarded  honorable  mention  in  the  Lowell 
Prize  competition  to  English  professor  Eve 
Kosossky  Sedgwick  for  her  book  Epistemol- 
ogy  of  the  Closet.  The  book  was  published 
by  the  University  of  California  Press. 

At  a  December  meeting  of  the  Milton 
Society,  Stanley  Fish,  professor  of  English 
and  law,  was  recognized  for  his  career  con- 
tribution to  the  study  of  English  poet  John 
Milton  and  inducted  into  the  society  as  an 
Honored  Scholar.  Declaring  Fish's  works 
as  a  Miltonist  "extraordinary,"  Milton  Soci- 
ety secretary  Albert  Labriola  said  many 
scholars  and  critics  consider  Fish's  1967 
book,  Surprised  by  Sin:  The  Reader  in  Par- 
adise Lost,  as  the  "most  important  book  in 
Milton  studies  published  in  the  last  twenty- 
five  years." 


TUITION  SET, 
AID  NEEDS  MET 


The  executive  committee  of  Duke's 
board  of  trustees  at  its  January  meet- 
ing approved  a  6.8  percent  tuition 
increase  for  undergraduate  students.  For 
the  1992-93  academic  year,  tuition  will  be 
$15,700  for  Trinity  College  students,  and 
$16,725  for  students  in  the  School  of  Engi- 
neering. University  officials  said  that  even 
with  the  increase  of  roughly  $  1 ,000,  Duke 
will  continue  to  stand  at  the  low  end  of 
the  tuition  scale  of  major  independent 
institutions  across  the  country. 

In  December,  the  board  had  asked  for  a 
reevaluation  of  a  proposed  5  percent  in- 
crease in  undergraduate  tuition.  Board 
members  had  expressed  concern  that  the 
proposed  increase  would  not  provide  suffi- 


42 


cient  financial  aid  to  sustain  Duke's  need- 
blind  admissions  policy,  its  commitment 
to  tecruit  a  diverse  student  body,  and 
its  merit  scholarship  programs.  At 
that  meeting  the  hoard  also  re- 
solved to  reaffirm  the  impor- 
tance of  need-blind  admis- 
sions at  Duke,  a  policy 
under  which  students  are 
admitted  without  regard 
to  their  or  their  fami- 
lies' financial  status. 

Provost  Thomas  A. 
Langford  B.D.  '54, 
Ph.D.  '58  says  the  6.8 
percent  tuition  in- 
crease will  allow  the 
university  to  increase 
undergraduate 
financial  aid  by  15 
percent  and  to  con- 
tinue its  policy  of 
helping  meet  the 
demonstrated  finan- 
cial aid  needs  of  all 
undergraduates.  He 
added  that  Duke's  ad- 
ministration shares  the 
trustees'  commitment  to 
maintain  the  financial 
aid  programs,  particularly 
in  the  current  economic  cli- 
mate. "During  the  1980s,  the 
federal  government  significant- 
ly cut  back  on  available  grant 
money  for  students  from  middle- 
and  lower-income  families,"  Langford 
says.  "With  Duke's  commitment  to  remain 
accessible  to  a  diverse  range  of  students,  the 
university  has  been  forced  to  draw  on  our 
general  purpose  budget  to  fill  the  gap 
caused  by  reduced  government  support." 

Since  the  1984-85  academic  year,  the 
percentage  of  undergraduates  on  financial 
aid  at  Duke  has  increased  from  about  29 
percent  to  40  percent.  Over  the  past  three 
years,  Duke's  unrestricted  financial  aid  has 
expanded  an  average  of  18  percent  per  year, 
while  undergraduate  tuition  has  increased 
an  average  of  10  percent  per  year. 


words  will  come  from  my  own  culture,  but 
American   audiences  won't  see   it   as 
being  something  far  away." 


STRESS 
STUDIES 


DRAMATIC 
EVENTS 


Two  new  plays,  one  directed  by  a  uni- 
versity alumnus  and  poised  for  na- 
tional tour,  and  another  Broadway- 
bound  and  written  by  a  visiting  professor, 
premiered  in  February  and  March. 

Christopher  Bishop's  musical  1492,  di- 
rected and  choreographed  by  Charles  Ran- 
dolph-Wright '78,  was  unveiled  in  Febru- 
ary. The  Durham  debut  launched  a  national 


center  of 


tour  marking  the  500th  anniversary  year  of 
Christopher  Columbus'  now  controversial 
"discovery"  of  the  New  World.  It  featured 
a  cast  of  actors,  singers,  and  dancers  drawn 
from  the  student  body  as  well  as  from  the 
ranks  of  New  York  and  North  Carolina 
theater  professionals.  The  play  focuses  on 
Columbus'  personal  musings  and  the  period 
before  he  actually  lands  in  1492. 

Chilean  author  Ariel  Dorfman,  a  visit- 
ing research  professor  in  Duke's  Center  for 
International  Studies,  wrote  Death  and  the 
Maiden.  Featuring  Tony  Award-winning 
actress  Glenn  Close,  the  play  opened  in 
March  in  New  York.  Academy  Award- 
winners  Richard  Dreyfuss  and  Gene  Hack- 
man  also  have  starring  roles.  Mike 
Nichols,  winner  of  five  Tony  awards  and 
an  Academy  Award,  directs. 

The  play  touches  on  the  experiences  of 
Dorfman's  home  country  of  Chile  as  it 
emerges  from  almost  two  decades  of  au- 
thoritarian rule  and  attempts  a  transition 
to  democracy.  "The  play  involves  sub- 
merged voices  speaking  out,"  says  Dorf- 
man. "When  those  actors,  whose  voices 
are  not  submerged,  begin  to  speak,  those 


he  town  of 
Hamlet,  North 
Carolina, 
research  on  post- 
traumatic stress  dis- 
order led  by  Duke 
experts  may  help 
the  survivors  of  a 
tragic  industrial  fire 
at  the  same  time 
that  it  provides 
medical  data. 

Post-traumatic 
stress  disorder 
(PTSD)  became 
part  of  the  nation's 
vocabulary  as  soldiers 
returned  home  from 
Vietnam.  Since  then, 
PTSD  has  been  used  to 
describe  collections  of 
psychopathological  symp- 
toms following  traumatic 
events  such  as  child  abuse, 
rape,  and  kidnapping. 
n  Hamlet,  where  twenty-five 
people  were  killed  and  fifty-six  injured 
in  a  plant  fire  in  early  September,  the  in- 
vestigators are  designing  a  cross-genera- 
tional and  long-term  study  of  PTSD,  while 
also  helping  the  community  cope  with  the 
aftermath  of  the  disaster. 

Researchers  from  Duke,  UNC-Chapel 
Hill,  and  the  Research  Triangle  Institute 
have  spent  time  in  the  6,200-person  com- 
munity training  health  clinicians  and 
school  staff  to  deal  with  grief,  anger,  and 
other  effects  of  the  sudden  deaths  and 
injuries  of  parents,  children,  siblings,  and 
friends.  Principal  investigator  Susan  Roth, 
a  Duke  psychology  professor,  says  of  the 
first  stage  of  the  study,  "We're  trying  to 
provide  something  useful  while  we  think 
about  how  to  organize  our  researcb  efforts. 
We  want  people  to  understand  who  we  are 
and  what  we  do." 

Survivors  must  also  cope  with  the  after- 
math of  the  September  chicken-processing 
plant  fire,  during  which  the  fire  exit  doors 
at  the  plant  were  locked,  allegedly  to  pre- 
vent employee  stealing.  In  eleven  years  of 
operation,  the  plant  had  never  been  in- 
spected by  state  officials.  Federal  inspectors 
had  noted  but  not  acted  on  the  locked  exit 
doors.  Never  in  the  plant's  history  had  the 
company  staged  a  fire  drill  for  its  employees. 

4i 


The  PTSD  research  on  the  sur- 
vivors at  Hamlet  creates  an  "ex- 
citing collaborative  effort  with 
most  of  the  trauma  experts  in  the 
area,"  says  Roth.  "We  are  bring- 
ing a  lot  of  different  resources  to 
bear  which  will  enable  us  to  study 
the  effects  of  the  disaster  on 
adults  and  children,  and  in  some 
cases,  the  effects  on  the  children 
of  the  effects  on  the  adults." 

In  addition  to  Roth,  Duke 
members  of  the  research  team 
are  psychiatry  director  Jonathan  Davidson, 
psychology  chair  Philip  Costanzo,  and 
psychiatry  professors  John  March,  Norman 
Anderson,  and  Redford  Williams. 


SOUND 
ADMISSIONS 


Following  a  three-month  investigation, 
the  Office  of  Civil  Rights  of  the  U.S. 
Department  of  Education  rejected  the 
claim  of  an  Alabama  high  school  student 
who  argued  that  because  of  alleged  racial 
bias  in  its  admissions  policies  and  practices, 
Duke  denied  her  application  for  admission. 

Elizabeth  M.  Elkins  of  Jacksonville,  Ala- 
bama, complained  in  published  letters  that 
a  black  high  school  classmate  had  been  ad- 
mitted to  Duke  with  lower  academic  stand- 
ing and  lower  test  scores  solely  because  of 
her  race.  Admissions  officials  had  denied 
her  charge  and  the  accuracy  of  her  data. 

The  Office  of  Civil  Rights  investigation 
supported  Duke's  position  that  no  racial 
bias  had  been  shown  and  that  the  univer- 
sity "provided  legitimate,  nondiscriminato- 
ry reasons  for  its  admission  decision,"  said 
Archie  Meyer,  the  office's  acting  director, 
in  a  letter  to  Duke  president  H.  Keith  H. 
Brodie.  Meyer  continued:  "OCR's  review 
of  the  application  files  of  both  students 
confirmed  the  university's  assessment  that 
[Elkins'  classmate]  had  the  higher  qualifi- 
cation relative  to  the  university's  admis- 
sions criteria"  and  "was  accepted  because 
she  had  a  stronger  application. . .  based  on 
test  scores,  academic  achievement,  person- 
al qualities,  and  recommendations." 

The  OCR  investigation  noted  that  the 
acceptance  of  a  black  applicant  adds  to  the 
racial  diversity  of  the  university,  which  is 
one  of  Duke's  stated  goals.  Currently,  8  per- 
cent of  the  6,008  undergraduates  enrolled 
are  black. 

Duke's  acting  director  of  undergraduate 
admissions,  Harold  Wingood,  told  The 
Chronicle  of  Higher  Education  that  Duke 
does  not  accept  students  just  because  they 
are  black.  "We  only  invite  those  who  are 
qualified,"  he  said.  When  making  admis- 


antipathy  toward  white  people,  quipping, 
"Some  of  my  best  friends  are  white." 

Public  Enemy  lead  singer  Chuck  D  spoke 
more  directly  to  the  intentions  of  the 
group's  music.  He  addressed  the  controver- 
sy surrounding  the  group's  1992  single,  "By 
the  Time  I  Get  to  Arizona,"  which  refers 
to  that  state's  refusal  to  approve  a  holiday 


Word  Up:  Public  EnemVs 
Harry  Allen,  above ,  and  Chuck 
D,  right,  on  hip-hop  music,  black 
businesses,  and  white  attitudes 


sions  decisions,  he  added, 
the  university  does  take 
race — among  numerous 
other  factors — into  con- 
sideration. "Universties 
are  a  microcosm  of  the 
nation,  and  we  try  to  be 

representative  of  the  pop-      

ulation.  Minority  students      S^^*^ 
and    disadvantaged    stu- 
dents are  a  minority  on 
this  campus.  Students  of  color  contribute 
to  campus  life." 


DISSING 
RACISM 


A  capacity  crowd  at  Page  Auditori- 
um in  January  heard  observations 
on  "Racism  and  Music"  by  Harry 
Allen  and  Chuck  D,  both  members  of 
America's  highly  acclaimed  and  contro- 
versial hip-hop  group,  Public  Enemy. 

Self-labeled  "director  of  enemy  relations," 
writer  Harry  Allen,  a  hip-hop  activist  and 
spokesman  for  the  group,  said  his  role  as  a 
"media  assassin"  is  to  "reveal  the  truth" 
about  racism  and  white  supremacy,  and 
consequently,  to  "produce  justice."  He  pre- 
ceded his  remarks  with  a  disclaimer: 
"Everything  I  say  might  be  and  probably  is 
wrong.  Truth  exists  and  is  in  the  process  of 
revealing  itself,  so  the  errors  are  my  own." 

Allen  addressed  many  of  his  remarks  to 
the  black  students  in  the  audience,  calling 
them  victims  of  400  years  of  racism  and 
white  supremacy  in  America.  "When  you 
leave  this  school,"  he  told  the  students, 
"make  sure  that  if  you  understand  nothing 
else,  understand  racism."  In  a  society  where 
the  power  rests  with  whites,  said  Allen, 
there  is  no  racism  except  white-on-black; 
"reverse  racism,"  he  said,  is  an  impossibili- 
ty— "like  a  backwards  waterfall."  Allen' 
denied  that  any  of  his  statements  suggested 


marking  the  birthday  of  Martin  Luther  King 
Jr.  The  video  accompanying  the  song  por- 
trays members  of  the  group  and  its  en- 
tourage assassinating  a  "David  Duke-type" 
Arizona  politician,  according  to  Chuck  D. 
Responding  to  critics  who  have  called  the 
video  racist,  Chuck  D  replied  that  the 
video  was  meant  to  convey  the  frustrations 
of  a  black  nation  that  has  systematically 
had  its  leaders  "taken  out  of  the  way." 

While  describing  rap  music  as  "a  network 
for  voices  not  otherwise  allowed  to  come 
through,"  Chuck  D  said  that  in  terms  of  mass 
communications,  music  is  not  enough.  The 
thirty-one-year-old  New  York  native  de- 
scribed how  images  on  "white  TV"  shaped 
his  perspective  of  America.  When  he 
transferred  from  a  mostly  black  to  a  pre- 
dominantly white  school,  for  example,  his 
new  classmates  marveled  that  he  "wasn't 
like  J.J.  on  Good  Times."  The  episode,  he 
said,  serves  as  a  good  example  of  how  our 
ideas  of  other  cultures  and  races — as  well 
as  our  own — are  formed  by  messages  dis- 
seminated through  the  mass  media. 

He  argued  that  blacks  need  "24-7" — 
twenty-four  hours,  seven  days  a  week — of 
black-owned,  black-operated  network  tele- 
vision. This  access  would  allow  blacks  "to 
get  the  same  perspective  of  us,  from  us,  for 
us,  everywhere  at  the  same  time." 

Chuck  D  also  elaborated  on  his  belief 
that  the  black  community  can  be  strength- 
ened by  increasing  the  number  of  black- 
owned  businesses  and  the  accompanying 
services  needed  to  run  them.  "You  can  start 
a  black  newspaper  and  hire  black  writers 


44 


and  editors,  but  where  are  you  going  to  buy 
the  paper  and  the  ink?  When  it's  time  to 
distribute  it,  where  do  you  go  to  buy  the 
trucks?...  Today's  business  world  is  still 
slavery  until  you  own  your  own." 

Tickets  for  the  free  lecture  "sold  out" 
within  an  hour-and-a-half  of  being  made 
available.  Sponsored  by  the  University 
Union's  Major  Speakers  Committee,  the 
nearly  three-hour  event  included  a  spirited 
question-and-answer  session. 


PHYSICIAN 
HIV-POSITIVE 


Duke  Medical  Center  officials  noti- 
fied 1,481  patients  in  February  that 
a  Duke  ophthalmic  surgeon  who 
had  treated  them  had  tested  positive  for 
the  human  immunodeficiency  virus  (HIV) 
in  1986.  HIV  is  the  virus  that  causes 
AIDS.  Although  medical  experts  at  Duke 
and  elsewhere  are  convinced  that  there 
should  be  no  risk  of  HIV  infection  for  the 
ophthalmologist's  patients,  the  medical 
center  wrote  each  patient  to  offer  free 
counseling  and  HIV  testing  if  requested. 

In  the  letter  to  patients,  chancellor  for 
health  affairs  Ralph  D.  Snyderman  wrote: 
"We  believe  that  no  action  on  your  part  is 
needed  now  and  that  blood  testing  is  not 
necessary.  Even  so,  we  appreciate  that  given 
public  concern  about  the  transmission  of 
HIV,  you  may  have  some  questions." 

Snyderman  said  that  surgical  procedures 
specifically  designed  to  prevent  transmis- 
sion of  the  virus  eliminated  the  danger  of 
transmission  of  the  virus.  "HIV  is  trans- 
mitted when  blood  or  body  fluids  from  an 
infected  person  is  introduced  into  another 
person's  body,"  Snyderman  told  the 
patients.  "In  eye  surgery... the  absence  of 
bleeding  and  the  type  of  instruments  used 
mean  that  blood  and/or  body  fluids  are  not 
transferred  from  the  doctor  to  the  patient." 

The  ophthalmic  surgeon  voluntarily  dis- 
closed his  HIV-positive  condition  on  Jan- 
uary 17.  In  December  he  had  filed  a  law- 
suit— not  involving  the  university —  against 
a  private  practice  physician  from  whom  the 
ophthalmologist  had  received  medical  care. 
His  HIV  status  is  an  issue  in  that  dispute. 

According  to  the  federal  Centers  for  Dis- 
ease Control,  other  than  one  highly  publi- 
cized case  involving  a  dentist  in  Florida, 
there  are  no  known  cases  in  the  United 
States  in  which  it  is  suspected  that  a  health 
care  worker  may  have  transmitted  HIV  to  a 
patient,  Snyderman  wrote.  "There  are  cer- 
tainly no  cases  reported  involving  an  oph- 
thalmologist.... Because  of  the  low  risk  of 
transference  of  HIV  by  ophthalmologists, 
many  medical  centers  allow  HIV-positive 


ophthalmologists  to  continue  with  their 
surgical  practice.  This  is  reassuring  to  us, 
and  I  hope  it  will  be  reassuring  to  you." 


DUKE'S 
CHOICE 


Duke's  sixth  annual  Founders'  Day 
Convocation,  held  in  December, 
featured  a  keynote  address  by  nov- 
elist William  Styron  '47  and  the  presenta- 
tion of  awards  to  alumni  and  faculty. 

Styron  reflected  on  the  contributions  of 
his  writing  mentor  at  Duke,  English 
professor  William  Blackburn.  "The  key  to 
Blackburn's  greatness  as  a  teacher  was  his 
passion,"  said  Styron.  "In  his  course  in 
Elizabethan  poetry,  his  love  for  that  an- 
tique but  vibrant  language  was  so  apparent 
that  it  spilled  over  among  his  students,  at 
least  to  the  susceptible  ones,  like  a  benign 
contagion." 

He  also  looked  back  on  reactions  to  his 
Pulitzer  Prize-winning  book  about  an  1831 
slave  revolt  in  Virginia,  The  Confessions  of 
Nat  Turner.  The  book  inspired  "rage"  from 
some  black  intellectuals,  he  said,  because 
"as  a  white  man  I  had  trespassed  on  black 


territory,  where  I  did  not  belong."  A  sense 
of  separatism,  he  added,  "is  likely  to  pro- 
duce impoverishment,  since  the  message 
'you  will  never  understand  me'  effectively 
translates  into  'I  do  not  want  to  under- 
stand you,'  and  thus  blocks  off  the  flower- 
ing of  the  imagination.  It  blocks  off,  for 
example,  the  important  and  delightful  pos- 
sibility of  a  black  writer  exploring  the  psy- 
che of  David  Duke." 

William  K.  Boyd  Professor  of  History 
Anne  Firor  Scott  was  awarded  the  Univer- 
sity Medal  for  Distinguished  Meritorious 
Service  to  the  university.  A  one-time  his- 
tory department  and  Academic  Council 
chair  at  Duke,  she  is  a  pioneer  in  the 
scholarship  of  American  women's  history. 
Her  influential  contributions  in  the  field 
include  The  Southern  Lady  and  Making  the 
Invisible  Woman  Visible. 

Marshall  Ivey  Pickens  75,  A.M.  '26, 
civic  leader,  philanthropist,  and  long-time 
guide  of  The  Duke  Endowment,  was 
awarded  the  University  Medal  posthu- 
mously. Brodie  praised  him  for  providing 
direction  and  support  to  the  university 
over  a  long  period.  "During  a  time  of  phe- 
nomenal growth  and  change  in  American 
higher  education,"  said  Brodie,  "he  helped 
to  shape  the  work  and  influence  the  direc- 
tion of  great  philanthropy." 


XJKE  DIRECTIONS 


VERSUS 


REALITY 


During  an  intense  half- 
century  of  expansion 
and  development, 
Duke  has  progressed 
from  regional  respect- 
ability to  national,  top- 
tier  contention.  And 
its  graduates  carry 
strong  images  of  its  past.  But  what  of  their 
images  of  its  current  reality — a  reality 
that's  dazzlingly,  and  perhaps  disturbingly, 
different  from  their  university  of  choice 
years,  or  decades,  ago? 

During  the  1989-90  academic  year,  the 
Duke  Alumni  Association's  board  of  direc- 
tors began  turning  that  big  question  into  a 
series  of  smaller  questions:  Do  alumni  really 
know  what  Duke  is  today,  and  in  what  de- 
tail? If  they  do  believe  that  Duke  has 
changed,  what  knowledge  informs  that  be- 
lief? What  are  the  gaps  between  perceptions 
of  Duke  and  the  corresponding  realities? 

By  the  spring  of  1990,  the  project  had  a 
coordinator,  Nancy  Jo  Kimmerle  '64,  and 
the  questions  were  committed  to  a  "pre-test" 
survey  mailed  to  400  alumni.  Kimmerle 
was  encouraged  by  the  response  the  pre- 
test received,  especially  when  she  contacted 
those  recipients  who  did  not  fill  it  out:  They 
were  dissuaded  not  by  too  many  questions 
or  too  little  interest,  but  by  concerns  that 
they  didn't  "know  enough  to  answer."  In  a 
marketing-wise  way,  Kimmerle  proceeded 
to  add  "don't  know/no  opinion"  options  to 
the  final  survey. 

To  be  mailed  out  to  a  sampling  of  2,800 
"active"  alumni  and  subsequently  analyzed 
within  myriad  demographic  breakdowns, 
the  project  would  provide  information  to 
put  Duke  alumni  communications  "on  the 
leading  edge  of  every  other  university,"  says 
Kimmerle.  Surveying  and  response  analysis 
are  common  in  the  business  world,  but  for 
all  but  a  few  universities  it  remains  an  un- 
charted frontier.  According  to  Kimmerle, 
the  closest  Duke  has  come  to  any  endeavor 
of  this  type  before  was  a  1983  Fuqua  School 
of  Business-assisted  survey  sent  to  197  alum- 
ni and  evaluated  without  the  benefit  of 


ALUMNI  SURVEY 

BY  STEPHEN  NATHANS 


The  results  are  in. 
According  to  a  sampling 
of  opinion  and  attitudes, 
two-thirds  think  Duke 
has  changed  for  the 
better  since  their  own 
graduation.  But  pride 
doesn't  necessarily  trans- 
late into  understanding. 


breakdowns  by  graduating  year,  geography, 
or  experience. 

The  "unprecedented"  response  rate  the 
questionnaire's  final  August  edition  re- 
ceived— 48  percent  of  the  2,800  alumni 
surveyed — gave  Kimmerle  and  company 
plenty  of  material.  Questions  addressed  the 
alumni  body's  knowledge  and  impressions 
of  a  range  of  themes  related  to  Duke,  from 
the  quality  of  the  faculty  and  the  medical 
center,  to  the  abilities  and  proclivities  of 
the  student  body,  to  voluntarism  and  parti- 
cipation in  alumni  affairs.  The  analysis  paid 
particular  attention  to  class  year  and  dis- 
tance from  Duke,  to  test  the  hypothesis  that 
older  alumni  and  those  living  farther  away 
might  have  greater  knowledge  "gaps."  To 
find  out  what  shaped  the  knowledge — or 
the  gaps — the  survey  asked  about  the  in- 
fluence of  media  sources,  from  within 
Duke  and  beyond. 

Sparked  by  the  survey,  a  communications 
committee,  chaired  by  Senior  Vice  Presi- 
dent for  Public  Affairs  John  F.  Burness,  is 
considering  whether  Duke  might  better 
focus  its  communications  efforts. 


The  findings  confirmed  one  impression 
of  the  survey-shapers:  Knowledge  about 
Duke  was  linked  with  involvement  with 
Duke.  Knowledgeable  alumni  were  far  more 
likely  to  volunteer,  or  to  show  interest  in 
being  asked  to  volunteer,  for  alumni  activi- 
ties. They  also  showed  a  greater  inclination 
to  donate  to  Duke,  contributing  on  average 
nearly  twice  as  much  as  their  counterparts 
and  ranking  interest  in  Duke  higher  than  for 
other  charities. 

Overwhelmingly,  the  survey  group  gave 
Duke  high  marks  for  the  quality  of  its  med- 
ical center,  its  overall  reputation,  and  aca- 
demic standing.  Faculty  excellence  and  the 
perceived  "value  of  a  Duke  degree"  ranked 
nearly  as  high.  Two-thirds  found  Duke,  on 
the  most  general  terms,  to  have  changed  for 
the  better  since  their  own  graduation.  The 
classes  of  1956-65  rated  Duke  the  highest, 
while  graduates  from  the  most  recent  decade 
surveyed,  1976-85,  were  somewhat  more  re- 
strained. Most  pointed  to  the  national 
media  as  the  primary  source  of  their  im- 
pressions, and  then  to  Duke  Magazine — a 
finding  that,  Burness  says,  underscores  the 
importance  of  devoting  more  resources  to 
securing  national  press  coverage  for  Duke. 

But  perceptions  often  proved  sketchy — 
even  on  the  size  of  Duke's  undergraduate 
enrollment.  Surveyed  alumni  saw  Duke  as 
competitive  with  a  largely  predictable  and 
prestigious  group  of  universities — particu- 
larly Stanford  and  Princeton,  with  Har- 
vard and  Yale  just  behind,  followed  by  the 
rest  of  the  Ivies,  Vanderbilt,  and  the  Uni- 
versity of  Virginia.  Still,  in  terms  of  admis- 
sions standards,  the  perceived  chief  "com- 
petitors"— Harvard,  Yale,  Princeton,  and 
Stanford — were  generally  thought  to  be 
more  selective  and  attracting  a  higher  cal- 
iber of  student  than  Duke.  In  fact,  Duke's 
admissions  profile  closely  mirrors  that  of  the 
Ivies.  Duke's  acting  director  of  undergrad- 
uate admissions,  Harold  Wingood,  points 
out  that  Duke's  student  body  has  changed 
over  time — a  phenomenon  that  may  stir 
confusion  about  the  university's  admissions 
standards  among  its  own  graduates. 


46 


Wingood  calls  recent  admissions  develop- 
ments "a  function  of  the  wider  net  we've 
been  throwing.  The  Sixties  was  a  time  of  ex- 
clusivity. The  kind  of  students  going  into 
elite  institutions  had  yet  to  show  the  racial 
and  socio-economic  diversity  they  would 
later.  Upper-level  education  was  the  private 
domain  of  the  wealthy."  Duke  is  now  a  more 
diverse  place  than  ever — and  its  appeal  is 
not  just  regional,  hut  reflects  a  national  rep- 
utation that  "really  exploded  in  the  Seven- 
ties and  Eighties,"  according  to  Wingood. 
That  widening  perspective  is  borne  out  by 
the  volume  of  applications  received,  which 
has  reached  15,000  in  recent  years,  a  figure 
twice  as  large  as  any  reached  in  the  1960s 
and  1970s.  "That  changes  our  selectivity 
quotient  significantly,"  says  Wingood. 

Still,  Duke  has  not  turned  away  from  its 
roots.  And  in  recent  years,  it  has  targeted 
in-state  students  through  recruiting  and 
financial-aid  programs.  But  preserving  the 
North  Carolina  base,  officials  admit,  isn't 
easy  in  the  face  of  tuition  disparities  be- 
tween Duke  and  the  well-regarded  Univer- 
sity of  North  Carolina  system,  especially  in 
the  current  economic  climate. 

Duke  has  also  not  turned  away  from 
favoring  children  of  alumni  in  the  applica- 
tion process.  Nearly  two-thirds  of  alumni  re- 

THE  PRICE  OF  EDUCATION: 

ESTIMATED  STUDENT  EXPENSES, 

1991-1992 


sponding  to  the  survey  said  they  would  like 
to  see  their  children  attend  Duke;  among 
those  particularly  active  in  the  alumni  asso- 
ciation through  volunteering,  donations,  re- 
unions, or  clubs,  that  figure  is  even  higher. 
Seventy-five  percent,  though,  expect  that 
their  children  would  have  little  or  no 
chance  of  acceptance,  and  the  majority  of 
those  believe  that  preferential  treatment 
for  alumni  offspring  does  not  exist. 

The  reality  is  that  children  of  alumni  do 
receive  preferential  treatment  in  admissions 
decisions.  Says  Wingood:  "Alumni  children 
have  the  highest  rate  of  acceptance  of  any 
sub-group  by  far.  All  other  things  being 
equal,  we  will  always  take  an  alumni  child." 


Duke  accepts  roughly  45  percent  of  its  "lega- 
cy" applicants;  only  a  quarter  of  those  in  the 
general  applicant  pool  gain  admission. 

Wingood  says  communicating  the  special- 
consideration  policy  to  alumni  "is  not  some- 
thing the  university  has  done  very  well." 
Among  other  institutions  comparable  in 
stature  but  older  than  Duke,  these  matters 
are  simply  understood.  "Typically,"  Win- 
good says,  "New  England  private  colleges 
and  universities  have  very  long  traditions 
ot  legacies  attending.  That  tradition  is  well 
established  there,  but  not  so  well  here 
because" — as  a  university — "we're  so  young." 

Alumni  misconceptions  of  admissions, 
Wingood  says,  are  part  and  parcel  of  the 
"change  for  the  better"  that  alumni  so 
proudly  attribute  to  Duke.  Looking  histori- 
cally at  admissions  standards  at  his  own  alma 
mater,  Bowdoin,  Wingood  sees  "roughly 
the  same  selectivity  in  '62  as  in  '92.  Duke," 
he  continues,  "has  progressed  very  differ- 
ently. The  '92  caliber  of  student  is  general- 
ly much  higher.  Duke  has  obviously  always 
attracted  some  brilliant  individuals.  That 
strength  is  now  reflected  across  the  entire 
class  rather  than  here  or  there." 

Another  difference  over  the  decades  is 
the  tuition  "price"  of  a  Duke  education — a 
price  that  many  in  the  survey  group  over- 
stated relative  to  peer  universities.  While 
generally  considering  Duke's  primary  "com- 
petition" to  be  other  private  research  uni- 
versities, a  large  portion  of  alumni  living 
in  states  such  as  North  Carolina  and  Vir- 
ginia, with  outstanding  flagship  state  uni- 
versities, perceive  Duke  as  "not  much  dif- 
ferent but  much  more  expensive,"  according 
to  Wingood.  He  says  such  comparisons  dis- 
regard Duke's  "much  greater  emphasis  on 
undergraduate  instruction"  and  fail  to  con- 
sider what  goes  into  a  Duke  education  as 
opposed  to  what  is  paid  for  it. 

"Families  tend  to  have  a  lack  of  informa- 
tion," says  vice  provost  for  academic  services 
Paula  Burger  '67,  A.M.  '74,  "as  to  what  con- 
tributes to  the  true  cost  of  education.  We 
aren't  given  any  credit  for  keeping  costs 
down — we're  not  perceived  as  giving  a  'bar- 
gain.' "  Not  only  did  the  surveyed  alumni 
over-estimate  what  a  student  pays  to  at- 
tend Duke  at  an  average  of  $2,000  higher 
than  the  actual  figure  (at  the  time  of  the 
survey)  of  $19,350;  a  surprising  number  in- 
correctly thought  that  Duke's  tuition  and 
fees  were  higher  than  the  charges  at  other 
prestigious  private  schools.  At  $21,590  as  of 
July  1991,  Duke's  price  per  student  re- 
mains about  $2,000  less  than  at  comparable 
private  schools — a  fact  that  three-quarters 
of  the  survey's  respondents  did  not  know. 

Burger  says  Duke  consistently  ranks 
among  the  lowest  of  similar  universities  in 
price — twenty-first  out  of  twenty-five  com- 
pared last  year.  Those  comparisons  don't 
explain  the  careful  management  involved, 


she  adds,  in  restraining  tuition  charges 
while  maintaining  a  first-rate  faculty  and 
academic  program,  and  doing  all  that  with 
a  relatively  low  endowment  base.  "The 
public  fails  to  discern  the  cost  from  the 
price"  that  a  student  pays;  it  fails  to  discern 
that  every  university  subsidizes  even  its  full 
tuition-paying  students  through  endowment 
earnings,  gifts,  and  grants. 

While  the  price  of  most  state-supported 
universities  is  merely  a  fraction  of  the  price 
paid  for  private  education,  the  costs  of  the 
services  provided  are  virtually  the  same — 
the  difference  is  in  the  part  of  the  cost  ab- 
sorbed by  state  subsidy  in  public  institutions. 

THE  FINANCIAL  BASE  OF 

EDUCATION:  ESTIMATED  MARKET 

VALUES  OF  ENDOWMENTS 

June  30,1991  (in  $  billions) 


HARVARD 

PRINCETON 

STANFORD 

COLUMBIA           '-S3 

I 

.95 

Source:  Chronicle  of  Hight-r  lihuutwu/  N.monal  Association 
of  College  anJ  University  Business  Officers 

Tuition  constitutes  only  one  stream  of 
revenue,  and  tuition  hikes  help  compen- 
sate for  other  shortfalls.  With  the  current 
economy  stymying  revenue  growth  else- 
where— including  returns  on  endowment, 
annual  giving,  and  federal  commitments  to 
funding  research-related  costs — tuition  makes 
up  the  difference.  And  tuition  hikes  aren't 
directly  tied  to  cost-of-living  increases,  since 
cost-of-living  estimates  reflect  consumer 
needs  more  than  they  reflect  academic 
needs.  Burger  jokes  that  rising  peanut  but- 
ter prices  have  little  relationship  to  the  goods 
and  services  that  drive  up  academic  costs 
— supporting  top  quality  faculty  and  aca- 
demic programs,  as  well  as  funding  finan- 
cial aid  and  deferred  building  maintenance. 

Yale,  according  to  The  Chronicle  of  Higher 
Education,  will  face  at  least  $1  billion  in 
deterred  maintenance  costs  over  the  next 
few  years;  it  has  already  incurred  an  $8.8- 
million  deficit  for  1991,  because  its  revenue 
sources  have  not  kept  pace  with  salary  de- 
mands, financial  aid  commitments,  and 
health-care  costs.  Columbia  faces  not  only 
a  $30-million  deficit  but  the  next  stage  of 
deterioration:  a  10  percent  cutback  of  its 

47 


PERCEPTION  VS.  REALITY:  WHERE  DUKE  GETS  ITS  REVENUE 


Source:  Duke  Alumni  Survey.    *  "Other  source 
foundations,  religious  organizations,  and  federal  s 


include  corporate  and  private  (non-alumni)  giving,  support  fron 


arts  and  sciences  departments,  leaving  its 
faculty  profile  the  leanest  in  twenty  years. 
Harvard  closed  its  fiscal  year  with  a  $41-9- 
million  shortfall,  its  largest  deficit  ever  and 
its  first  since  1974- 

Such  misfortunes  are  the  most  visible  early 
casualties  of  the  economy's  assault  on  pri- 
vate education  following  years  of  declining 
federal  support  for  financial  aid  and  facili- 
ties. Among  the  eight  schools  identified  by 
alumni  as  "most  comparable"  to  Duke,  Duke's 
endowment  ranks  seventh,  valued  at  about 
$527  million.  That  figure  constitutes  just  a 
fraction  of  Harvard's  $4-5  billion  or  Yale's 
$2.3-billion  estimate.  Duke  must  support 


its  academic  programs  and  compete  for  the 
best  faculty  and  students  with  only  one- 
eighth  the  resources  per  faculty  member 
and  per  student  that  Harvard  can  spend, 
and  one-quarter  as  much  as  Yale  can  offer. 
Although  Duke  has  seen  a  huge  endow- 
ment infusion  from  the  just-completed  cap- 
ital campaign,  which  funded  areas  ranging 
from  professorships  to  student  financial  aid, 
it  still  is  considerably  undercapitalized  rela- 
tive to  the  schools  with  which  it  now  com- 
petes, according  to  Senior  Vice  President 
Burness.  "Another  problem,"  Burness  says, 
"is  that  most  people — alumni  included — 
don't  understand  that  an  endowment  is  not 


PERCEPTION  VS.  REALITY:  A  DECADE-BY-DECADE  BREAKDOWN 
OF  HOW  ALUMNI  GAUGE  DUKE'S  ADMISSIONS  SELECTIVITY 


'36-'45         '46-'55 

Source:  Duke  Alumni  Survey 


'56'65        '66'75        '76'85 


Reality 


like  a  savings  account.  The  principal  can- 
not be  used,  and  generally  only  a  percentage 
of  the  annual  interest  income  earned  from 
the  endowment  can  be  spent  in  support  of 
university  programs." 

In  a  January  address  at  the  annual  meet- 
ing of  the  faculty,  President  H.  Keith  H. 
Brodie  said  that  despite  the  university's  rel- 
atively low  endowment,  careful  manage- 
ment has  made  it  unlikely  that  Duke  will 
be  retrenching:  "While  we  are  entering  a 
period  of  moderate  budget  restrictions,  we 
will  be  going  ahead  with  the  process  of 
renewal,  adjustment,  and  growth  that  char- 
acterizes a  vital  university " 

Brodie  has  questioned  the  wisdom  of 
ever- increasing  tuition  to  compensate  for 
budgetary  restrictions.  And  to  Burger,  one 
practical  problem  with  raising  tuition  to 
the  level  of  comparable  schools  is  that  "it 
pulls  more  students  into  the  aid  pool."  After 
considerable  wrangling,  the  trustees  upped 
Duke's  tuition  for  next  year  by  6.8  percent — 
and  also  added  financial-aid  assurances. 

Studies  show  that  students  choose  col- 
leges more  and  more  on  the  basis  of  aid 
packages.  Some  high-quality  liberal  arts 
colleges,  including  Smith  and  Wesleyan, 
are  preparing  to  deny  certain  applicants  be- 
cause the  schools  can't  afford  to  meet  the 
applicants'  demonstrated  financial  needs. 
Amid  such  urgencies  and  retreats,  it  is  not 
surprising  that  a  survey  question  regarding 
the  extent  of  Duke's  financial  aid  program 
got  more  "Don't  know"  responses  than  any- 
thing else.  In  fact,  director  of  financial  aid 
James  A.  Belvin  says  just  over  40  percent 
of  students  receive  aid.  As  for  the  wide- 
spread perception  that  Duke  boasts  the 
nation's  wealthiest  student  body,  he  adds: 
"There's  no  evidence  that  that's  true." 

Reflecting  efforts  to  increase  Duke's 
socio-economic  diversity,  the  aid  pool  has 
expanded  in  recent  years.  More  students 
than  ever  are  finding  their  financial  needs 
met  through  work,  loans,  grants,  and  merit 
scholarships.  And,  Belvin  says,  "A  fairly 
good  number  of  the  students  not  getting  aid 
are  making,  along  with  their  families,  sub- 
stantial sacrifices  to  come  here.  We  have  a 
reasonable  representation  of  economic  stra- 
ta." He  says  Duke  admits  students  absolute- 
ly need-blind  and,  based  on  family  ability 
to  pay,  establishes  and  meets  100  percent  of 
demonstrated  need.  As  part  of  their  tuition 
decision,  the  trustees  unanimously  passed  a 
resolution  reaffirming  the  university's  need- 
blind  admissions  policy  in  December. 

The  survey  points  to  one  reason  for  over- 
ly optimistic  estimates  of  Duke's  financial 
strength:  confusion  over  the  ties  between 
Duke  University  and  The  Duke  Endow- 
ment. "The  Duke  Endowment,"  according 
to  its  director  of  communications,  Elizabeth 
Hughes  Locke  '64,  Ph.D.  '72,  "is  a  separate 
and  private  foundation,  like  the  Ford  or 


Rockefeller  foundations."  A  multi-faceted 
philanthropic  body,  The  Duke  Endowment 
donates  to  Duke  as  "only  one  grant  recipi- 
ent in  one  area."  Beyond  the  university, 
The  Endowment  supports  Davidson  Col- 
lege, the  United  Methodist  Church,  and  a 
number  of  health-care  and  child-care  in- 
terests in  North  and  South  Carolina.  "We 
don't  ever  want  anyone  to  think  that  The 
Duke  Endowment  belongs  to  Duke  Univer- 
sity," Locke  says.  "First,  it's  not  true  and  se- 
cond, that  gives  people  the  idea  that  Duke 
doesn't  need  to  raise  a  lot  of  money." 

Beginning  in  1924,  when  James  B.  Duke 
made  Trinity  College  the  main  beneficiary 
of  his  fortune,  Duke  University  was  essen- 
tially funded  by  The  Duke  Endowment. 
"The  university  didn't  do  much  fund  rais- 
ing," Locke  says,  "until  the  late  Fifties  and 
early  Sixties,  when  they  realized  that  they 
wouldn't  have  enough  money  to  grow  at 
the  rate  they  were.  Nothing  much  happened 
in  development  before  that." 

Today,  no  more  than  2  percent  of  Duke's 
annual  operating  budget  comes  from  The 
Duke  Endowment.  "It's  not  that  we're  giv- 
ing less  money — we're  giving  more  than 
we  ever  have — it  just  doesn't  keep  up  with 
the  growth  of  the  budget,"  says  Locke. 

As  the  role  of  The  Duke  Endowment 
has  changed,  so  then  has  the  real  need,  if 
not  the  perceived  need,  for  private  giving. 
"The  idea  that  Duke  doesn't  need  money 
is  partly  Duke's  fault,"  says  Locke,  "because 


they  started  fund  raising  so  late.  In  the 
Thirties,  it  was  mostly  a  new  school,  mostly 
a  North  Carolina  school,  and  most  of  the 
earliest  graduates  went  out  into  war  or  into 
the  Depression.  Unlike  other  schools,  we 
didn't  have  five  generations  of  loyal  gradu- 
ates to  build  support.  It  was  only  after  the 
war,  in  the  Fifties" — as  Duke's  ambitions 
as  a  research  university  with  competitive 
academic  programs  began  to  expand — 
"that  they  said,  'We're  going  to  have  to 
have  more  money  if  this  place  will  grow.'  " 

And  Duke  is  going  to  have  to  communi- 
cate better  if  it  wants  to  draw  in  more 
alumni,  says  alumni  affairs  director  M. 
Laney  Funderburk  Jr.  '60.  For  Funderburk, 
the  most  alarming  survey  revelation  was 
how  many  could  not  identify  a  single 
alumni  program.  "We  have  begun  to  look 
at  promotion  and  sponsorship  more  care- 
fully," he  says.  "So  few  alumni  really  know 
what  we  do."  Funderburk  considers  the 
participation  rates  in  Duke's  clubs  events 
and  reunions  unsurpassed  by  other  univer- 
sities. Still,  he  says  the  fact  that  so  many 
have  overlooked  the  entire  program  means 
"we  haven't  been  nearly  creative  enough 
in  finding  ways  to  accommodate  potential 
volunteers." 

Even  among  those  who  have  never  given 
money  to  Duke  or  participated  in  alumni 
activities,  the  interest  in  becoming  more 
involved  was  encouraging,  he  says.  And 
they  don't  appear  to  be  stingy:  Most  in  the 


survey  showed  some  involvement  with 
charitable  or  nonprofit  organizations.  "It's 
just  that  in  their  view,"  says  Funderburk, 
"Duke  has  not  made  a  strong  enough  case." 

Funderburk  says  he  was  most  encour- 
aged by  the  85  percent  who  said  they've 
made  visits  to  campus  since  graduation. 
He  finds  that  type  of  dedication  "especially 
admirable,  considering  our  broad  geograph- 
ic diversity — we  probably  have  as  dispersed 
an  alumni  body  as  any  in  the  country." 
And  he's  heartened  by  areas  of  involve- 
ment that  have  attracted  volunteers  in 
droves — and  that  work  to  close  the  "per- 
ception gaps"  on  Duke.  "We  have  3,000 
admissions  volunteers  across  the  nation, 
and  they  certainly  develop  both  enthusi- 
asm for  the  campus  and  an  informed  per- 
spective on  the  admissions  process." 

As  the  purveyor  of  the  alumni  survey, 
Nancy  Jo  Kimmerle  makes  all  sorts  of  con- 
nections among  such  statistics:  "The  more 
you  knew,  the  more  you  appreciated  the 
caliber  of  the  current  student,  the  more 
you  understood  the  competitiveness  with 
the  Ivies  and  other  top-tier  private  institu- 
tions, the  more  inclined  you  were  to  give" — 
time  and  money,  as  the  survey  data  bear 
out — "and  give  much  more." 

Among  2,800  alumni  surveyed,  to  know 
something  of  "what  Duke  is  and  what 
Duke  needs,"  apparently,  is  to  want  to 
know  more.  "People  like  to  associate  with 
a  winner."  ■ 


WHEN  YOU'RE  NAMED  FOR 
DURHAM'S  MOST  FAMOUS  FAV\ILY, 
YOU'RE  EXPECTED  TO  BE  SPECIAL 

Since  the  late  1800s,  the  Duke  family  name 
has  been  closely  associated  with  excellence 
and  achievement.  Today  the  tradition  con- 
tinues at  the  Washington  Duke  Inn  &  Golf 
Club.  Situated  at  the  edge  of  Duke  Univer- 
sity's campus,  Durham's  first  deluxe  hotel 
offers  171  luxurious  guest  rooms  and  suites. 
Play  a  round  of  golf  on  a  championship 
course  designed  by  Robert  Trent  Jones. 
Enjoy  international  fine  dining  at  the 
Fairview  Restaurant.  Relax  with  a  drink 
and  good  conversation  at  the  Bull  Durham 
Bar.  Whether  you're  visiting  the  university 
or  planning  a  getaway  you'll  feel  like  a 
special  guest  in  a  gracious  Southern  hi  im< 
Call  us  at  (919)  490-0999  or  (800)  443-  585  5 


Washington  I  hike 
Inn&GdfChjb 

SOOl  I  ,im<p  >n  Brnilrvord»Durhd 

(919)  490-0999  •  Fax  (919)  688-0105 


hi  it. 


DUKE  BOOKS 


The  World  and  the  Bo  Tree. 

By  Helen  Bevington.  Durham:  Duke  Univer- 
sity Press,  1991.  214  pp.  $15.95,  paper. 

Somewhere  between  the  rich- 
ness of  the  Englishman 
Samuel  Pepys'  seventeenth- 
century  diary  and  the  pro- 
saic, even  boring,  candor  of 
American  pop  artist  Andy 
Warhol's  lies  a  vast  territory 
of  personal  record-keeping; 
journals  produced  by  millions  who  have 
lived  less  public  or  less  publicized  lives.  Who 
knows  how  much  scribbling  in  notebooks, 
speaking  into  microphones  (Warhol's  tape 
recordings  were  transcribed  after  his  death), 
or  talking  to  video  cameras  is  going  on  right 
this  minute?  V^  \i  A  <  »Tv  ?N 
For  decades  now,  Helen  Bevington,  a  pro- 
fessor emerita  of  English  at  Duke,  has  been 
keeping  a  journal  the  old-fashioned  way — 
she's  written  it.  So  far,  several  volumes 
have  been  published.  With  The  World  and 
the  Bo  Tree,  its  latest  installment,  she  shares 
her  recollections  of  some  of  the  high  and 
!  low  points,  both  public  and  private,  of  the 
go-go  1980s.  :_' 

Bevington  was  born  in  Worcester,  a  little  j 
community  in  upstate  New  York  "beyond  | 
the  Catskills."  It  was  and  pretty  much  still  | 
is   one   of  those   classic   American  small 
towns  of  clean,  white  picket  fences,  the 
hunky-dory  stuff  that  commercials  for  soft 
drinks  and  politicians  are  made  of.  Beving- 
ton left  Worcester  when  she  was  still  a 
child.  That  formative  split  came  after  an 
event  of  major  impact  in  her  young  life: 
her  mother's  divorce  from  her  father,   a 
Methodist  preacher. 

Bevington  weathered  that  "scandal,"  as 
she  wryly  refers  to  it  today,  and  went  on  to 
write  about  it  impressively  as  an  adult  in 
Charley  Smith's  Girl  (1965).  The  book  be- 
came a  runner-up  for  a  Pulitzer  Prize;  it  also 
made  Bevington  permanently  unwelcome 
in  her  own  hometown.  "H.L.  Mencken 
used  to  be  banned  in  Boston,"  she  notes  in 
The  World  and  The  Bo  Tree.  "I  am  banned 
in  Worcester,  N.Y." 

That  kind  of  bemused  matter-of-factness 
typifies  the  new  book's  amiable  tone.  Be- 
tween the  lines,  with  more  gentle  humor 
than  heavy  soul-searching,  it  sums  up  a  life, 
not  simply  a  decade.  It  also  sums  up  an  atti- 
tude about  living,  an  outlook  that  Beving- 
ton has  acquired,  she  suggests,  after  more 


50 


than  five  decades  in  Durham  and  an  associ- 
ation with  Duke  that  began  in  1943  when 
she  joined  its  faculty.  During  this  time,  she 
has  enjoyed  a  teaching  and  writing  career 
marked  by  the  publication  of  several  well- 
received  volumes  of  light-verse — Nineteen 
Million  Elephants  (1950),  When  Found,  Make 
a  Verse  Of  (1961) — and  has  emerged  as  a 
figure  on  North  Carolina's  literary  scene. 
She  has  also  outlived  her  late  husband, 
Merle,  an  English  professor  who  also 
taught  at  Duke,    io'    V*"\  Av^Y XT  \jC^} 

Bevington  is  at  once  inquisitive  and 
neighborly;  she  comes  across  in  her  journal 
as  someone  who  has  been  willing  to  roll 
with  the  punches  over  the  years.  That  atti- 
tude has  been  shaped  in  part  by  travel. 
Surrendering  early  to  wanderlust,  she 
headed  off  during  the  past  decade  to  such 
destinations  as  Brazil,  Sicily,  Spain,  Singa- 
pore, China- — -and  even  back  to  Worces- 
ter, New  York.  That  1983  return  trip  to  a 
fotsaken  but  not  forgotten  place  in  her 
past  was,  she  writes,  "a  journey  [I'd]  been 
meaning  to  take...  [SJponer  or  later  I  had 
to."  What  did  she  discover  there?  As  a  bet- 
ter-known North  Carolinian  noted  earlier 
in  this  change-shattered  century,  Beving- 
ton learned,  in  her  own  way,  that  you 
can't  go  home  again.       ■»  ^}^  J0^'t\> 

At  least  on  the  surface,  she  recalls, 
Worcester  appeared  not  to  have  changed 
very  much.  But  after  stopping  by  its  ceme- 
tery, she  realized  that  she  had  become,  if 
anything,  a  kind  of  survivor  of  a  distant, 
though  in  her  heart  and  mind,  still  vivid 
part  of  her  past.  To  this  graveyard,  she 
writes,  "the  town  I  knew  had  moved  its 
location — and  my  childhood  with  it." 
Still,  "It's  all  right  now...  I  went  searching 
for  something,  and  found,  with  consider- 
able relief,  I  had  in  fact  invented  a  version 
of  the  thing."  jfia^flM* 

Bevington's  description  of  her  car  trip 
back  to  her  hometown  (she  traveled  there 
with  a  childhood  friend  who  had  also 
come  from  Worcester)  comes  early  in  the 
book,  revealing  all  too  briefly  the  deeper 
complexion  of  the  author's  soul.  Here,  she 
is  poetic  without  being  sentimental,  and 
funny  without  being  forced. 

Generally,  though,  no  matter  how  topi- 
cal the  subjects  that  catch  her  eye  at  home 
and  abroad — terrorist  bombings  in  Peru, 
the  1980  murder  of  John  Lennon  in  New 
York  City,  or  the  1982  war  over  the  "tiny 
Falkland   Islands" — Bevington   remains   a 


deliberate,  not  an  accidental  tourist.  "I  like 
guided  tours,  staying  in  comfortable  hotels, 
going  first  class,"  she  admits.  "I  like  eating 
well,  having  arrangements  made  for  me, 
being  personally  conducted."  Often,  one 
wishes  that  she  had  stepped  off  the  bus — 
alone — or  looked  beyond  the  headlines 
and  volunteered  her  own  deeper  analysis 
to  the  remarks  of  the  many  literary  artists 
whom  she  admires  and  quotes  liberally 
throughout,  including  Wallace  Stevens, 
William  Thackeray,  Archibald  MacLeish, 
and  Michel  de  Montaigne,  the  sixteenth- 
century  French  essayist  who  is  her  special 
favorite*-  i^jj. 

As  a  snapshot  of  one  woman's  life,  de- 
scribing her  journey  through  another  de- 
cade, The  World  and  the  Bo  Tree  offers  a 
folksy  mix  of  anecdotes,  souvenirs,  and 
good-natured  chuckles.  It's  the  next  best 
thing,  perhaps,  to  hearing  from  the  peri- 
patetic herself,  as  her  Durham  neighbors 
might  on  a  balmy  summer  evening;  over 
tall  glasses  of  lemonade,  gathered"  around 
her  on  the  back  porch. 

Then  Bevington  would  no  doubt  return 
to  her  study  to  record  the  events  of  anoth- 
er day.  For,  as  she  explains,  "I  still  keep  a 
journal... for  the  same  reason  that  a  day 
unrecalled  denies  it  ever  happened,  when 
the  blur  sets  in."  And  like  legions  of  duti- 
ful journal-keepers  around  the  world, 
Helen  Bevington  is  determined  to  get  the 
better  of  the  blur. 

— Edward  M.  Gomez 


Former  Time  reporter  Gomez  '79  is  a  senior  editor 
at  Metropolitan  Home  magazine. 


Aristocrats  of  Color:  The  Black 
Elite,  1880-1920. 

B?  Willard  B.  Gatewood  Ph.D.  '57.  Bloom- 
ington  and  Indianapolis:  Indiana  University 
Press,  1990.  480 pp.  $39.95. 


In  1960,  a  second-generation  ar- 
chitect from  the  Northeast  visited 
Duke  to  see  some  of  the  buildings 
that  his  father  had  designed.  He 
explained  to  officials  on  the  segre- 
gated campus  that  Julian  F.  Abele 
of  Pennsylvania,  the  architect  of 
Duke  Chapel  and  Cameron  Indoor 
Stadium,  had  been  a  black  man.  But  it 
took  several  decades  before  the  university 
responded    actively    to    this    information. 


Since  1989,  a  portrait  of  Abele  has  hung 
in  Allen  Building,  one  of  the  structures  he 
designed,  and  Duke's  Black  Graduate  Stu- 
dent and  Professional  Organization  bestows 
an  annual  award  in  his  honor. 

Three  years  before  Abele's  son  visited 
the  campus,  Willard  B.  Gatewood  earned 
his  doctorate  in  American  history,  the 
result  of  a  fascination  with  the  Theodore 
Roosevelt  era.  Gatewood,  now  a  distin- 
guished professor  at  the  University  of 
Arkansas,  focused  increasingly  on  the 
experience  of  African  Americans  during 
the  contradictory  period  between  the 
hopeful  political  activism  of  Reconstruc- 
tion and  the  black  artistic  renaissance  of 
the  1920s.  In  Black  Americans  and  the  White 
Man's  Burden,  1898-1903  (1975)  and  an 
earlier  volume  of  letters  from  Negro  soldiers 
deployed  in  the  Spanish-American  War, 
he  examined  the  impact  of  U.S.  imperialism 
on  African  Americans.  Now  he  has  turned 
his  attention  to  the  complex  and  signifi- 
cant world  of  that  era's  light-skinned  elite, 
the  group  described  by  W.E.B.  DuBois  as 
the  "Talented  Tenth." 

Denied  anything  more  than  token  in- 
clusion by  whites,  members  of  this  "col- 
ored aristocracy"  reinforced  their  local  cir- 
cles through  schools,  churches,  literary 
clubs,  and  mutual  aid  societies.  In  city 
after  city,  as  self-consciousness  grew,  they 
took  increasing  pride  in  recovering  and 
preserving  the  African  American  past. 
Philadelphia  created  the  American  Negro 
Historical  Society  in  1897;  New  York,  with 
Arthur  Schomburg,  organized  the  Negro 
Society  for  Historical  Research  in  1911; 
and  Washington,  led  by  Carter  G.  Wood- 
son, started  the  Association  for  the  Study 
of  Negro  Life  and  History  in  1915. 

Like  earlier  American  elites,  these  aris- 
tocrats of  color  consolidated  their  position, 
from  Boston  to  New  York  and  from  Wash- 
ington to  San  Francisco,  through  an  intri- 
cate web  of  interregional  marriages  and 
national  organizations.  "These  social  circles 
are  connected  throughout  the  country," 
wrote  James  Weldon  Johnson,  a  prominent 
graduate  of  Atlanta  University,  "and  a  per- 
son in  good  standing  in  one  city  is  readily 
accepted  in  another."  Often  acceptance 
hinged  in  part  upon  physical  appearance. 
Pauli  Murray,  who  grew  up  in  Durham, 
recalled,  "The  sliding  scale  of  color  bedev- 
iled everyone,  irrespective  of  where  one 
stood  on  the  color  chart." 

Gatewood  describes  subtle  variations 
among  segregated  aristocrats  from  different 
regions  and  cities.  He  then  explores  in 
detail  half  a  dozen  unifying  topics:  the 
color  factor  and  the  rituals  of  genteel  per- 
formance, the  centrality  of  club  life,  and  the 
pervasive  impact  of  Jim  Crow.  For  all  these 
themes,  the  foundation  had  been  laid  dur- 
ing the  era  of  slavery,  with  its  covert  "mis- 


ARISTOCRAT  OF  ARCHITECTURE 


Though  architect  Julian 
Abele's  case  is  not  men- 
tioned in  Aristocrats  of 
Color,  he  typifies  Gatewood's 
aristocracy.  His  mother's 
ancestry  traced  back  to  Absa- 
lom Jones,  a  founder  of 
Philadelphia's  Free  African 
Society  in  1787  and  of  St. 
Thomas  African  Episcopal 
Church  in  1794.  (In  1899 
DuBois  commented  that  St. 
Thomas  "still  represents  the 
most  cultured  and  wealthiest 
of  the  Negro  population.") 

Born  in  1881,  the  youngest 
of  eight  children,  Julian  at- 
tended the  Institute  for  Col- 
ored Youth,  a  rigorous  local 
academy  founded  by  Quakers 
and  staffed  by  highly  educated 
African  Americans  denied 
work  at  white  institutions. 

Abele  earned  a  B.S.  degree 
in  architecture  at  the  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania  in  1902; 


he  then  spent  three  years  i 
Paris  at  l'Ecole  des  Beaux 
Arts,  where  he  earned  a 
diploma  in  architecture. 
(There  he  married  a  French 
pianist  who  was  a  student  of 
the  famous  Nadia  Boulanger, 
for  whom  they  named  then- 
only  daughter.) 

Meanwhile,  Abele's  older 
brother  Robert,  an  aspiring 
doctor,  had  earned  the  highest 
grade  on  the  Pennsylvania 
state  medical  examination 
and  become  one  of  the  first 
members  of  Boule,  founded 
in  Philadelphia  in  1904. 

Julian  Abele  went  on  to 
design  the  Duke  Chapel  and 
Philadelphia  Museum  of 
Art — its  architecture  made 
famous  by  the  movie 
Rocky — while  others  of  his 
generation  scaled  similar 


Abele:  designed  Duke  Chapel, 
Cameron  Indoor  Stadium,  and 
Allen  Building 


cegenation"  (a  word  coined  by  race-baiters 
in  the  stormy  election  of  1864)  and  its 
anomalous  free  black  communities.  In  The 
House  Behind  the  Cedars  (based  upon  his 
early  life  in  Fayetteville,  North  Carolina), 
light-skinned  novelist  Charles  W.  Ches- 
nutt  explained  candidly  that  his  free  ante- 
bellum ancestors  were  numerous  enough 
"to  have  their  own  'society'  and  human 
enough  to  despise  those  who  did  not  pos- 
sess advantages  equal  to  their  own." 

Not  surprisingly,  therefore,  when  Homiare 
Plessy  and  other  well-to-do  Creoles  of  color 
in  New  Orleans  organized  to  challenge  a 
state  law  of  1892  segregating  railroad  cars, 
they  argued  in  part  that,  "owing  to  the 
intermingling  of  the  races,  it  is  frequently  a 
difficult  matter  to  determine — from  the 
standpoint  of  color — the  white  from  the 
Negro."  Besides,  asked  one  of  their  group, 
was  it  fair  to  Louisiana's  "Cultured  and 
wealthy  colored  people"  to  "relegate  this 
class  to  a  coach  occupied  by  those  much 
inferior  to  them  in  life,  and  by  so  doing, 
humiliate  a  people  accustomed  to  better 
surroundings?  It  would  be  forcing  them  to 
associate  with  the  worst  class  of  the  Negro 
element  and  be  an  unmitigated  rebuke 
upon  the  colored  man  of  finer  sensibilities." 

The  author  does  not  excuse  or  ignore 
such  turn-of-the-century  class  bias,  but  he 
does  not  exaggerate  it  either.  It  would  be 
easy  to  follow  earlier  writers,  both  black 
and  white,  in  mocking  the  pretensions  of 
this  aristocracy  of  color.  After  all,  they 
hosted  select  cotillions,  created  exclusive 
clubs  (such  as  the  Society  of  the  Descen- 
dants of  Early  New  England  Negroes),  and 
"married  light"  wherever  possible.  Yet  at 


the  same  time  these  elites  created  ties — 
ambivalent  but  enduring — with  those  below 
them  to  whom  they  remained  linked  by  the 
racialist  mores  of  the  dominant  culture.  At 
its  formation  in  1896,  the  National  Associ- 
ation of  Colored  Women  (NACW)  took 
as  its  motto,  "lifting  as  we  climb." 

Gatewood  treats  this  select  group  with 
subtlety  and  depth.  He  portrays  a  restricted 
but  challenging  world  peopled  with  deter- 
mined and  reflective  individuals.  The  sons 
and  daughters  of  caterers,  barbers,  and 
undertakers — through  a  combination  of 
family  earnings,  church  discipline,  inherited 
talent,  arduous  study,  selective  marriage, 
and  practiced  demeanor — became  doctors, 
lawyers,  and  professors.  They  often  held 
degrees  from  Howard,  Spelman,  or  an  Ivy 
League  school,  and  they  aspired  to  join  the 
Cosmos  Club,  the  NACW,  or  Sigma  Pi 
Phi  (known  as  Boule).  Gatewood's  chap- 
ters provide  the  context  for  the  formative 
years  of  such  leaders  as  educator  John 
Hope  in  Augusta,  writer  James  Weldon 
Johnson  in  Jackson,  activist  Walter  White 
in  Atlanta,  organizer  Mary  Church  Terrell 
in  Washington,  composer  William  Grant 
Still  in  Little  Rock,  and  architect  Julian 
Abele  in  Philadelphia. 

Gatewood's  book  replaces  vague  stereo- 
types of  this  varied  and  influential  group 
with  a  rich  and  balanced  portrait. 

—Peter  Wood 


Wood  has  directed  Duke's  graduate  history  program 
and  chaired  the  Academic  (  ounc&'s  (  '■ommittee  on 
Black  Faculty.  He  is  now  on  sabbatical  leave, 
preparing  an  undergraduate  survey  course  on  Indian 
history  in  North  America. 


51 


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i  you  over  the  phone  and  1 


It's  not 

THE  DESIRE 
TO  SUCCEED 
THATASSUR] 
SUCCESS . . . 

It's  the 
discipline 

to  prepare 
1  yourself 

;  FORLT. 


Executive  Education  at  Duke  prepares  you  for  success. 

Due  to  the  competitive  nature  of  today's  global  environment,  executive  development  will  strongly  influence 
your  future  and  that  of  your  organization.  The  Fuqua  School  offers  a  wide  range  of  programs,  including: 

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For  further  information  on  continuing  executive  education  programs, 
please  call  the  registration  coordinator  at  919-660-6340. 


A  MAGAZINE 
FOR  ALUMNI 


AND  FRIENDS 


MAY-JUNE  1992 


BASKETBALL:  THE  SWEET  REPEAT 


REDEFINING  FEMINISM 


MATH  MADE  MANAGEABLE 


BUTTERFLIES:  DESIGNER  WINGS 


THE  SECOND  TIME  AROUND: 

CHAMPIONSHIP  FACTS 


DISTINCTIONS  EARNED  BY 
1991-92  TEAM: 

Wire-to-Wire  No.  1  National  Ranking 

ACC  Regular  Season  Champions 

ACC  Tournament  Champions 

East  Regional  Champions 

NCAA  Tournament  Champions 

First  repeat  national  champions  since  1973 

First  ACC  team  to  repeat  as  national  champions 

Naismith  Award  as  men's  college  basketball  coach 

of  the  year  to  Mike  Krzyzewski 


NUMBER  OF  STUDENT  FANS  WHO 
PACKED  CAMERON  INDOOR 
STADIUM  FOR  CHAMPIONSHIP 
GAME: 

6,000  (estimate  of  Tom  DArmi, 
director  of  games  operations  and 
facilities  for  the  athletics  depart- 
ment) 
4,500  (Durham  Herald-Sun  esti- 

7,000  (Raleigh  News  &  Observer 
estimate) 


BEST  PRINTED  POST-GAME 
COMMENT  FROM  STUDENT  FAN: 

"To  sin  is  human,  but  to  win  is  divine." — first-year 
divinity  student  Duane  Williams,  in  The  Chronicle 


NUMBER  OF  STUDENTS  WHO 
SHOWED  UP  "THE  DAY  AFTER" 
FOR  A  TYPICAL  9  A.M.  CLASS: 

Sociology  225D,  "Careers  and  Labor  Markets," 
went  0-for-7,  approximating  Christian  Laettner's 
performance  in  the  first  half  of  Monday's  game,  for 
attendance  Tuesday  morning.  Other  professors 
took  pre-emptive  action  and  canceled  morning 
classes  outright. 


NUMBER  OF  EXTRA  COPIES  OF 
THE  "FINAL  FOUR"  ISSUE 
SPORTS  ILLUSTRATED' S 
DISTRIBUTORS  PROVIDED  FOR 
DURHAM  AREA: 

S.I.  wouldn't  say;  but  one  favorite  local  supplier, 
Sam's  Quik  Shop,  reported  receiving  more  than  a 
hundred  copies  beyond  the  usual  quantity  for  sale. 


STRANGEST  TRIBUTE  AT  THE 
WHITE  HOUSE  RECEPTION  FOR 
TEAM: 

"Players  like  Bobby  Hurley  allow  Coach  K  to  do  to 
opponents  on  the  basketball  court  what  Schwarz- 
kopf did  on  the  field  of  battle." — President  Bush 


SIZE  OF  TELEVISION 
SCREEN  IMPORTED 
TO  CAMERON  FOR 
FINAL  FOUR 
VIEWING: 

17  feet  by  22  feet 

NUMBER  OF 
PATRONS  WHO  USED 
PERKINS  LIBRARY 
DURING  GAME: 

Zero  (The  library  posted  notices 
that  it  would  close  at  9  p.m.  in 
honor  of  the  occasion.) 


END-OF-SEASON 
HONORS  TO 
CHRISTIAN  LAETTNER: 

Consensus  First  Team  All- ACC 
Consensus  ACC  Player  of  the 
Year 

ACC  Tournament  MVP 
Consensus  First  Team  All- 
America 

Most  Outstanding  Player,  NCAA 
East  Regional 

All-NCAA  Tournament  Team 
Consensus  National  Player  of  the 
Year  (Adolph  Rupp  Award,  AP 
Player  of  the  Year;  Wooden 
Award;  Eastman  Award;  Nai- 
smith Award) 
Duke  jersey  #32  retired 


MOST  FRUSTRATED 
LOCAL  FANS: 

Durham  firefighters:  According  to  the  Herald-Sun, 
firefighters  from  several  stations  missed  the  entire 
game  while  they  spent  hours  battling  an  apart- 
ment-complex fire.  "I  did  not  get  to  see  my  Devils 
play  and  I  was  upset,"  lamented  one. 


MOST  FRUSTRATED  LOCAL 
VENDORS: 

Durham  area  pizza  delivery  services,  who — along 
with  other  auto  traffic — were  prohibited  from 
driving  onto  West  Campus  for  the  semi-final  and 


NUMBER  OF  SECURITY  GUARDS 
BROUGHT  IN  FOR  CHAMPION- 
SHIP GAME: 

150,  according  to  The  Chronicle;  but  even  with 
such  a  strong  police  presence,  the  newspaper  re- 
ported three  students  singed  in  bonfire  incidents, 
and  six  struck  by  flying  bottles. 


Shot:  Duke  beats  Kentucky  for  the  Final  i 

Photo  fry  Chuck  Liddy/Herald-Sun 


EARLIEST  SALES  OF 
CHAMPIONSHIP  T-SHIRTS: 

8:30  a.m.  on  "the  day  after,"  at  the  University 
Stores — which  almost  immediately  had  in  stock 
31,000  championship  T-shirts  and  "other  para- 
phernalia," and  in  short  order  was  offering  30  dif- 
ferent T-shirt  styles. 

MOST  CLEVER  MESSAGES  ON 
CHAMPIONSHIP  DUKEWEAR: 

"It's  sweet  to  repeat" 

"You  can  talk  the  game  but  can  you  play  the  game?" 

"Duke  Invitational"  (with  Final  Four  field  listed) 

STRANGEST  PRODUCT  TIE-IN  TO 
CHAMPIONSHIP: 

$3.49  six-packs  of  "True  Blue  II/Back-to-Back 
Championships"  soda — that's  blue-tinted  soda — 
with  the  season's  win-loss  record  imprinted  on 
each  can. 


The  Chronicle, 
modest  25." 


NUMBER  OF  PIECES 
OF  FAN  MAIL 
RECEIVED  BY  TEAM 
MEMBERS: 

Laettner  averaged  "close  to  100  a 
week,"  Brian  Davis  told 
vhile  others  received  "a  more 


DUKE  PLAYER  WHO  NEVER 
MISSED  A  CHAMPIONSHIP 


Junior  Bobby  Hurley,  who  played  four  champi- 
onship games  in  high  school  followed  by  three 
championship  appearances  at  Duke. 

THE  CAPSULIZING  COMMENT 
FROM  COACH  K: 

"The  greatest  year  ever  for  me  in  coaching" 
— Mike  Krzyzewski's  post-victory  assessment 


— Compiled  by  Robert].  Bliwise  and  Stephen  Nathans 


Duke  Magazine  is 
printed  on  recycled 


® 


EDITOR: 

RobertJ.BliwiseA.M.'88 
ASSOCIATE  EDITOR: 
Sam  Hull 

FEATURES  EDITOR: 
Bridget  Booher  '82 
SCIENCE  EDITOR: 
Dennis  Meredith 
EDITORIAL  ASSISTANT: 
Stephen  Nathans 
STUDENT  INTERNS: 
Karyn  Wheat '92,  Jennifer 
Papenfus'92 

DESIGN  CONSULTANT: 
West  Side  Studio,  Inc. 
PUBLISHER:  M.  Laney 
Funderburk  Jr.  '60 

OFFICERS,  DUKE  ALUMNI 
ASSOCIATION: 
James  R.  Ladd  '64,  president; 
Edward  M.  Hanson  Jr.  73, 
A.M. '77,  J.D.  77,  president- 
elect; M.  Laney  Funderburk  Jr. 
'60,  secretary-treasurer. 

PRESIDENTS,  SCHOOL 
AND  COLLEGE  ALUMNI 
ASSOCIATIONS: 
Margaret  Turbyfill  M.Div.  76, 
Dr,  mir,  .V //:. '.  'I:  1  l.irold  L.  Yoh 
III  B.S.M.E.  '83,  School  of  Engi- 
neering; Robert  R.  Lane  M.B.A. 
'81,  Fuaua  School  of  Business; 
Richard  G.  Heintzelman,  M.F. 
'69,  School  of  the  Environment; 
Sue  Gourly  Brody  M.H.A.  '82, 
Department  of  Health  Adminis- 
tration; Dara  L.  DeHavenJ.D. 
'80,  School  of  Law;  Robert  K. 
Yowell  M.D.  '67,  School  of 
Medicine;  Jo  Ann  Baughan 
Dalton,  B.S.N.  '57,  M.S.N.  '60, 
School  of  Nursing;  Marie  Koval 
Nardone  M.S.  79,  A.H.C.  79, 
Graduate  Program  in  Physical 
Therapy;  Lovest  T.  Alexander 
Jr.  B.S.H.  78,  Physicians'  Assis- 
Lim  Pih;i am;  Julian  C.  Lentzjr. 
'38,M.D.'42,Hai/-Century 
Cluh. 

EDITORIAL  ADVISORY 
BOARD:  Clay  Felker '51, 
chairman;  Frederick  F.  Andrews 
'60;  Sarah  Hardesty  Bray  72; 
Holly  B.  Brubach  75;  Nancy  L. 
Cardwell  '69;  Dana  L.  Fields  78; 
Jerrold  K.  Footlick;  Elizabeth  H. 
Locke  '64,  Ph.D.  72;  Thomas 
P.  Losee  Jr.  '63;  Peter  Maas  '49; 
HuL'h  ?.  S;Je\;  Richard  Austin 
Smith  '35;  Susan  Tifff  73; 
Robert  J.  Bliwise  A.M.  '88, 
secretary. 

Composition  by  Liberated 
Types.  Ltd.;  printing  by  PBM 
Graphics  Inc.;  printed  on  War- 
ren Recovery  Matte  White  and 

Cn>~  P.nnteSyc 

Tan 


e  Offset 


©1992  Duke  University 
Published  bimonthly  by  the 
Office  of  Alumni  Affairs;  vo 
untary  subscriptions  $20  pet 
year:  Dulte  Magazine,  Alumr 
House,  614  Chapel  Drive, 
Durham,  N.C.  27706; 
(919)684-5114. 


MAY- 
JUNE  1992 


VOLUME  78 
NUMBER  4 


Cover:  Zoologist  Fred  Nijhout 
and  his  sometimes  flitting, 
sometimes  clinging,  research 
subjects,  whose  wing  patterns 
are  yielding  scientific  sectets. 
Photo  by  Chris  Hildreth 


FEATURES 


A  UNIVERSE  IN  A  BUTTERFLY  WING  by  Dennis  Meredith  2 

Butterflies  quite  literally  wear  their  evolution  on  their  sleeves,  making  it  easy  to  use  their  color 
patterns  to  unravel  some  of  the  exotic  mysteries  of  life 

EQUATING  MATH  WITH  RELEVANCE  by  Tom  Burroughs  8 

"Enthusiasm"  and  "calculus"  are  not  words  typically  linked;  but  in  Project  CALC,  the  hide- 
bound mathematics  of  change  is  itself  undergoing  fundamental  change 

THE  NEW  FACE  OF  FEMINISM  by  Bridget  Booher  14 

Rather  than  declaring  the  failure  of  the  women's  movement,  observers  say  the  important  thing 
is  to  recognize  the  strength  of  disparate  voices 

THE  PAST  AND  THE  PLAYWRIGHT  byjoanOleck  37 

Ariel  Dorfman's  Death  and  the  Maiden  "is  not  about  torture;  it's  about  human  beings  caught  in 
the  middle  of  an  impossible  situation  trying  to  make  the  best  of  it" 

LEARNING  ON  THEIR  FEET  by  Barbara  Baker  42 

Young  teachers  face  the  challenge  of  finding  ways  to  motivate  students  who  do  not  know  how 
and,  in  many  cases,  do  not  want  to  learn 


AMERICAN  DREAMING  by  Jody  McAuliffe 

1492:  the  shaping  of  a  play — and  a  controversy 
DEPARTMENTS 


SPORTS  SPECIAL  by  Debra  Blum  and  Stephen  Nathans 

The  march  to  Minneapolis:  that  repeat  championship  season 


17 
^3 


RETROSPECTIVES 

Investigating  psychic  phenomena,  competing  in  Carnegie  Hall,  enlarging  admissions 
opportunities 

FORUM  by  Thomas  and  Magdalena  Naylor  3  5 

Where  is  the  spiritual  glue?  Reflections  from  a  tour  through  Eastern  Europe 

GAZETTE  46 

Pressing  the  presidential  press,  questioning  a  fast-food  addition,  wrangling  over  early- 
morning  writing 


BOOKS 

Recreating  reality  and  recreating  childhood:  a  casebook  of  cyberpunk  and  a  story  of 
violent  disjunctures 


51 


DUKE  PERSPECTIVES  | 

A 

1 

J1VE& 
JTTEF 
WING 

BY  DENNIS  MEREDITH 

£1N 
IFIY 

x  ^^S     UNLOCKING  THE  EXOTIC: 

Pupal  instructions: 

in  its  pre-emergent 

stage,  a  Zebra 

Heliconius,  like  the 

one  here  on  the 

fingertip  of  senior 

lab  technician 

Laura  Gunert, 

is  injected  with 

tracer  elements  to 

determine  the 

molecular  basis  of 

color  production 

LEPIDOPTERISTS  IN  THE  LAB 

The  mystery  of  the  butterfly  is  a  paradigm  for  a  central 
mystery  in  all  of  life.  The  creatures  quite  literally  wear 
their  evolution  on  their  sleeves,  making  it  easy  for 
researchers  to  use  their  color  patterns  to  explore  basic 
biological  principles. 

■  red  Nijhout  parts  the  curtain  and 
C ducks  into  the  plastic  greenhouse 
^^^  where  he  breeds  his  experimental 
1      animals.  He's  greeted  by  the  gentle 
fluttering  of  a  profusion  of  wings  in  the 
warm,  humid  air.  The  scores  of  tropical 
Zebra  Heliconius  butterflies  largely  ignore 
him,  tending  to  their  lepidopteran  busi- 
ness: Some  search  among  the  potted  pas- 
sion flowers  for  a  meal  of  pollen.  A  few 
females  sit  quietly,  laying  mounds  of  tiny 
opalescent  yellow  eggs.  Here  and  there,  a 
male  jealously  guards  the  homely  brown 
husk  of  a  female  pupa,  waiting  to  mate  with 
the  emerging  female — determined,  in  effect, 
to  rob  the  cradle. 

Some  of  the  creatures  confidently  light 
on  visitors.  Even  in  the  formidable  presence 
of  humans,  these  butterflies  are  fearless,  be- 
cause their  disgusting  taste  protects  them 
from  predators  in  the  wild.  So,  Nijhout  can 
easily  reach  out  to  delicately  pick  one  off  a 
nearby  plant,  carefully  spreading  its  wings 
to  reveal  the  spare  pattern  of  striped  black 

and  yellow.  When  released,  the  butterfly 
indifferently  flits  away. 

Nijhout  is  a  rarity  among  the  swarms  of 
lepidopterists  who  collect  and  study  the  in- 
sects for  their  elaborate  patterns.  The  Duke 
professor  and  chairman  of  zoology  is  one  of 
only  a  half-dozen  or  so  scientists  world- 
wide who  have  plunged  into  the  daunting 
business  of  understanding  how  butterflies 
evolved  their  patterns  and  how  they  execute 
them   cell-by-cell,    molecule-by-molecule. 
Using  radioactive  tracers,  hair-thin  surgical 
probes,  and  computers,  he  is  helping  to  re- 
veal the  biological  secrets  of  one  of  nature's 
most  elegant  creatures. 

In  the  end,  though,  the  butterfly  is  only 
an  extremely  convenient  animal  model  for 
Nijhout.  The  creatures  quite  literally  wear 
their  evolution  on  their  sleeves,  making  it 
easy  for  Nijhout  to  use  their  color  patterns 
to  explore  basic  biological  principles.  "My 
main  interest,"  he  explains,  "is  really  to  try 
to  work  out  how  patterning  as  a  system 
evolved — not  only  how  a  specific  pattern 

\ 


* 


evolved,  but  how  you  get  a  system  that  is 
so  flexible,  developmentally  and  evolution- 
ary, that  butterflies  have  become  among 
the  most  diverse  species  on  earth.  I  think 
it's  one  of  the  best  puzzles  around. 

"You're  given  a  finite  number  of  pieces 
and  the  knowledge  that  there  is  a  solu- 
tion— butterflies  did  get  here  somehow.  And 
then  you're  left  to  your  own  intelligence 
and  logic  to  try  and  put  those  pieces  to- 
gether in  the  only  one  way  that  it  could 
have  happened." 

The  mystery  of  the  butterfly  is  a  paradigm 
for  a  central  mystery  in  all  of  life,  says 
Nijhout.  "That  is  one  of  the  main  questions 
in  biology:  How  did  you  get  all  these  differ- 


ent species  of  animals?  Evolution  in  its 
whole  diversity — not  only  the  causes  of 
evolution,  but  also  its  consequences — are 
questions  that  drive  virtually  all  of  biology." 
Last  winter,  Nijhout  published  what  is 
considered  the  definitive  scientific  work 
on  the  subject,  his  book  The  Development 
and  Evolution  of  Butterfly  Wing  Patterns  by 
Smithsonian  Institution  Press.  The  book 
reveals  that,  as  beautiful  and  exotic  as  but- 
terflies seem  to  the  casual  observer,  the 
closer  they  are  studied,  the  more  amazing 
they  become.  Above  all,  they  are  nature's 
most  accomplished  visual  artists.  Each  but- 
terfly executes  not  one,  but  at  least  two 
wing  designs.  "On  the  bottom,  or  ventral 


We're  Giving' 

Your 

Championship 

The  Weight 

It  Deserves. 


To  commemorate  Duke 
University's  1991  NCAA, 
1992  NCAA  Basketball 
Championship,  this  dis- 
tinctive Baccarat  crystal 
paperweight  has  been 
commissioned.  Ideally 
sized  for  desk  or  home  at 
3%"  ht.  $150  each. 

You  may  call  toll  free 
1-800-633-4616.  We 
accept  MasterCard, 
Visa,  and  personal 
checks. 


$Bromberg's 

123  North  Twentieth  Street  Birmingham,  AL  35203 
Fine  Jewelers  Since  1836 


surface,  you'll  find  fine,  frilly  patterns," 
explains  Nijhout.  Those  patterns  give  the 
butterfly  maximum  camouflage  when  it  rests 
with  its  wings  folded  up.  That  camouflage 
can  be  masterful.  Some  butterflies  mimic 
dead  leaves  so  closely  that  their  pattern 
even  includes  fake  fungus  spots. 

Butterflies  also  use  their  wings  to  go 
BOO!,  at  least  visually.  The  hind  wings  of  a 
butterfly  at  rest  cover  all  but  the  tip  of  the 
forewing.  That  protruding  tip  has  evolved 
to  match  the  pattern  of  the  hindwing,  to 
achieve  seamless  camouflage.  But  the  rest 
of  the  hidden  forewing  often  evolves  to  a 
drastically  different  pattern  or  color.  So, 
when  a  predator  swoops  toward  the  butter- 
fly with  lunch  on  its  mind,  the  butterfly 
may  reveal  its  forewing  in  a  flash,  startling 
the  predator  long  enough  to  give  the  butter- 
fly an  extra  split-second  for  escape. 

If  the  creature's  visually  complex  ventral 
wing  is  a  Renaissance  style,  the  upper,  or 
dorsal,  side  is  pure  French  Impressionist — 
rendered  with  splendid,  broad  strokes  of 
brilliant  colors.  The  butterfly  flaunts  its 
spectacular  dorsal  wings,  with  their  wide 
stripes  and  large  spots,  to  signal  prospective 
mates  or  warn  predators  of  its  foul  taste. 
The  dorsal  pattern  must  be  gaudy,  Nijhout 
points  out,  to  be  recognized  by  the  simple 
visual  systems  of  other  butterflies  or  swift- 
moving  insect-eaters. 

Butterfly  patterns  can  also  vary  by  sex 
and  even  season.  Males  and  females  can 
differ  sharply  in  pattern.  And  the  same 
species  that  hatches  on  warm  summer  days 
into  a  golden-hued  creature  to  blend  with 
summer  foliage  might  emerge  in  the  cool 
fall  dressed  in  subtle  browns.  In  fact,  says 
Nijhout,  some  seasonal  pattern  differences 
can  be  so  sharp  that  even  butterfly  experts 
have  been  fooled  into  believing  them  to 
be  two  separate  species. 

All  these  variations  mean  that  the  15,000 
or  so  butterfly  species  generate  up  to 
50,000  different  patterns.  At  first  glance, 
this  multitude  of  designs  might  appear  to 
reflect  nature  at  its  most  randomly  boister- 
ous. But  Nijhout  and  his  colleagues  have 
found  that  the  butterfly-artist  hews  to  a 
strict  design  discipline,  which  the  scien- 
tists call  the  "nymphalid  ground  plan." 
Systematists'  intense  scrutiny  of  thousands 
of  species  has  revealed  that  certain  stripes 
and  spots  always  appear  at  characteristic 
places  on  the  wing — although  each  butter- 
fly species  may  evolve  them  to  be  big,  small, 
shifted,  warped,  merged,  or  nonexistent. 
And  some  sets  of  stripes,  if  they  appear, 
always  occur  in  mirror- image  symmetries. 

"The  butterflies  started  with  a  set  of  sym- 
metry systems,  but  each  species  evolved 
from  there  to  acquire  its  own  characteris- 
tics," says  Nijhout.  For  example,  the  "central 
symmetry  system"  is  a  set  of  mirror- image 
stripes  that  may  appear  in  the  middle  of 


each  wing.  And  the  "border  ocelli"  are  the 
characteristic  eyespots  that  may  run  down 
the  outside  of  the  wing. 

But  to  achieve  its  stunning  diversity,  the 
butterfly-artist  has  a  brilliant  biological  trick 
up  its  wing.  Each  wing  is  actually  composed 
of  a  multitude  of  independent  areas,  called 
cells,  whose  boundaries  are  demarcated  by 
the  wing  veins.  Each  wing  cell 
develops  almost  totally  without 
reference  to  the  others,  so 
each  wing  cell's  stripe  or 
spot  can  be  an  indepen- 
dent variation  on 
the  basic  ground 
plan.  (Unfortunately 
for  non-lepidopterists, 
butterfly  scientists'  prac 
tice  of  calling  the 
wing  areas  "cells" 
can  baffle  readers, 
who  confuse  them 
with  the  biological 
cells  that  make  up 
all  living  creatures.) 

"What  we  seem 
to  have  in  butterflies 
is  a  system  that  is 
almost  without 
constraint,"  says 
Nijhout.  Thus,  the 
butterfly  is  unlike, 
say,  an  antelope, 
in  which  a  change 
in  horn  shape  affects 
all  sorts  of  other 
survival  factors. 
"In    the    butterfly 

wing,  you  have  a  compartmentalized 
developmental  system  with  a  bunch  of 
units  that  seem  to  be  physically  linked  on 
the  wing,  but  are  apparently  developmen- 
tal^ independent,  that  have  enabled  the 
butterfly  to  produce  a  tremendous  mor- 
phological radiation." 

Zoom  in  closer  on  the  butterfly  wing 
and  even  more  marvels  appear.  Microscopic 
study  reveals  how  the  living  cells  on  the 
wings  generate  the  elaborate  mosaic  of 
color.  First,  each  cell  may  manufacture  a 
specific  pigment  to  color  a  tiny  fingernail- 
like scale  that  it  extrudes.  Or,  the  cell  may 
simply  commandeer  a  substance  that  the 
caterpillar  had  eaten  before  it  became  a  but- 
terfly. While  the  reds,  yellows,  and  browns 
are  made  in-butterfly,  some  whites  and 
pale  yellows  come  from  plants. 

Even  more  exotic,  the  iridescent  blues 
and  greens  that  grace  some  butterflies  are 
not  pigments  at  all,  but  arise  from  the 
prism-like  refraction  of  sunlight  from  the 
labyrinthine  scales.  Butterflies  are  not  just 
master  painters;  they  are  also  master  sculp- 
tors. "A  butterfly's  scales  are  the  single  most 
complex  structures  made  by  a  cell  in  any 
animal,"  says  Nijhout.  "Their  tremendously 


Their  camouflage  can 

be  masterful.  Some 

butterflies  mimic  dead 

leaves  so  closely  that 

their  pattern  even 

includes  fake  fungus  spots 


heavily  sculptured  scales  cause  an  optical  in- 
terference that  produce  what  we  call  'struc- 
tural colors,'  typically  blues  and  greens.  We 
simply  do  not  know  how  a  cell  can  secrete 
a  structure  that  is  so  regular  and  so  mor- 
phologically complex  as  a  scale." 

In  technique,  butterfly-artists  are  pointil- 
lists.  Like  the  nineteenth-century  French 
artist  Georges  Seurat,  they  blend 
even  their  "solid"  colors  from 
mosaic.  Seurat  used  tiny 
dabs  of  paint  to  create  his 
masterpieces;  butter- 
flies use  individual  cells 
that  have  biochemical- 
ly "decided"  to  be  one 
color  or  another.  A  cen- 
tral mystery  for  Nijhout  is 
how  these  cells  signal 
one  another  to  turn 
on  their  appropriate 
colors.  To  simplify 
his  task  of  under- 
standing the  biologi- 
cal color  switches,  he 
works  with  the  Zebra 
Heliconius,  the  plain 
janes  of  the  butterfly 
world.  These  two- 
colored  butterflies 
are  ideally  simple 
because  their  living 
cells  need  de-cide 
only  whether  to  be 
black  or  yellow.  To 
trace  how  the  cells 
make  such  molecular 
decisions,  Nijhout 
injects  faintly  radioactive  tracer  molecules 
into  Heliconius  pupae  and  uses  chemi- 
cal analyses  to  deduce  the  biochemical 
machinery  of  color  production. 

Nijhout's  most  dramatic  experiments 
have  used  the  pupae  of  Buckeye  butter- 
flies. Periodically,  Nijhout  harvests  eggs 
from  a  cageful  of  the  modest  brown-and- 
tan  creatures.  He  hatches  the  eggs  to  cater- 
pillars in  small  plastic  boxes,  which  he 
keeps  supplied  with  lumps  of  "caterpillar 
chow"  of  his  own  invention:  an  undistin- 
guishable  tan  gunk  that's  a  mix  of  wheat 
germ,  vitamins,  and  agar,  with  a  smattering 
of  ground  leaves  for  taste.  The  chow,  which 
finally  allowed  caterpillars  to  be  grown  in 
captivity,  was  a  major  breakthrough  in 
butterfly  research,  made  by  Nijhout  in  the 
late  Seventies. 

When  the  Buckeye  caterpillars  spin  them- 
selves into  pupae,  Nijhout's  experiments 
begin.  First,  he  intercepts  a  pupa  at  just 
the  right  stage  of  development,  which  some- 
times means  sitting  down  to  his  lab  bench 


Variations  on  a  theme:  border  ocelli,  the  characteristic 
eyespots  of  the  African  Charaxes,  top,  the  Fritilkiry, 
center,  and  the  American  Painted  Lady,  bottom 


bleary-eyed  at  6:00  a.m.  Working  under  a 
binocular  microscope,  he  carefully  inserts  a 
hair-thin  tungsten  wire  into  a  forming  pupal 
wing  and  kills  a  few  cells  with  a  tiny  surge  of 
electricity.  Depending  on  the  location  of  the 
killed  cells,  the  butterfly  emerges  with  an  al- 
tered pattern.  A  stripe  may  be  displaced  or 
warped,  or  if  Nijhout  hits  the  center  cells 
of  an  eyespot,  the 
spot  may  disappear 
altogether.  The 
experiments  have 
shown  that  the 
impetus  for  an  eye- 
spot  begins  with  the 
center  cells,  and  a 
biochemical  signal 
radiates  outward  to 
instruct  the  outlying 
cells. 

Nijhout  also 
transplants  cells 
from  one  part  of 
a  pupal  wing  to 
another,  using  a  tiny 
shard  of  razor  blade. 
In  one  groundbreak- 
ing  experiment,   he 

transplanted  cells  from  the  center  of  a 
forming  eyespot,  making  it  vanish  from  its 
normal    place    on    the    adult    to    appear 


Butterfly-artists  are 

pointillists.  Like  the 

nineteenth-century 

French  artist  Georges 

Seurat,  they  blend  even 

their  "solid"  colors 

from  a  mosaic. 


around  the  trans- 
plant target.  Such 
success  with  the 
pupae  comes  only 
after  tedious  trial- 
and-error,  says 
[ijhout.  "It's  like  doing  surgery 
a  water-filled  balloon.  The  pupae 
are  very  thin-skinned.  They  have  open 
circulatory  systems,  so  they're  basically  a 
of  water.  You  can  only  make  very 
small  incisions  in  them,  just  enough  to  get 
your  instruments  through."  Even  worse, 
operating  on  the  hindwing  is  totally  hit-or- 
miss,  since  the  pupal  forewing  is  wrapped 
around  its  hindwing.  "You  usually  go  in 
blind  through  the  forewing,  nick  at  some- 
thing, and  wait  for  the  animal  to  develop 
to  see  what  you've  done.  You  do  a  lot  of 
those  experiments,  and  then  let  the  ani- 
mals after  they  emerge  as  adults  tell  you 
whether  you've  hit 
the  spot."  He  says  it 
takes  hundreds  of 
operations  to  pro- 
duce a  few  dozen 
butterflies  whose 
wing  patterns  offer 
new  information. 

From  these  exper- 
iments  come    theo- 
ries    that     Nijhout 
tests  further  using  a 
computer.    In    his 
computer    models, 
he  first  postulates 
the    rules    govern- 
ing   how    a    wave- 
ke  chemical  sig- 
might      move 
through    the    wing 
during  development.  Then,  he  instructs  the 
computer  to  "develop"  a  pattern  based  on 
those  rules.  After  an  hour  of  calculat- 


ing, the  computer 
screen  reveals,  in 
stripe  or  spot,  whether 
the  theoretical  rules 
are  valid. 

Nijhout  and  his  col- 
leagues     have       had 
much  success,  but  the 
mysteries  of  the  but- 
terfly   are    still    pro- 
found.   For    example, 
scientists  do  not  know 
what    kind    of   signal 
sweeps  across  a  wing 
to  coordinate  the  liv- 
ing cells   to   erupt   in 
the  right  colors.  Also, 
butterfly      researchers 
argue  endlessly  about 
how  to  trace  modern 
butterfly  patterns  back 
in  evolution  to  their 
ancient  predecessors.  "Systematic  biology  is 
a  most  acrimonious  field  at  the  moment," 
Nijhout  says.  "There's  a  lot  of  difference  of 
opinion  about  what  the  most  suitable  meth- 
ods are.  But  it's  also  one  of  the  most  intel- 
lectually  alive    areas    in   biology,   because 
you're  presented  with  a  really  interesting 
puzzle  of  a  whole  array  of  modern  species 
that  you  know  have  a  common  ancestry  by 


Mosaics:  iridescent  blue  of  the  Morpho  is  not  pigment 
but  light  refraction  from  its  labyrinthine  scales, 
lower  left;  the  pointillism  of  the  Palamedes  Swallowtail, 
upper  left;  things  that  go  BOO.'  on  the  Florida  Buckeye, 
above;  the  golden  hues  of  the  Fritillary,  right 


some  pattern.  There  could  only  he  one 
ancient  pattern;  they  only  did  it  one  way. 
But  each  modern  butterfly  has  a  different 
combination  of  primitive  and  derived 
characters  out  of  which,  by  some  process  of 
logic,  one  ought  to  be  able  to  reconstruct 
what  that  unique  branching  sequence  was 
that  gave  rise  to  that  particular  cluster  of 
groups." 

So,  the  next  time  you  encounter  one  of 
these  graceful  visual  poems  of  summer — 
perhaps  a  Great  Spangled  Fritillary,  a 
Painted  Lady,  or  a  Tiger  Swallowtail — 
remember  that  on  their  little  wings  rides  a 
universe  of  science.  And  just  as  each 
colored  butterfly  cell  adds  to  those 
wings'  intricate  mosaic,  knowl- 

of  butterfly    biology 
contributes     to     the 
broad     mosaic     of 
scientific  under 
standing. 


While  the  reds,  yellows, 
and  browns  are  made 

in-butterfly,  some  whites 

and  pale  yellows  come 

from  plants. 


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Our  42-acre  site  has  walking  trails, 
historic  bam,  yet  is  close  to  mall, 
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Ends  worries  about  nursing  care 
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|  DUKE  PERSPECTIVES  | 

1 

& 

RE 

)UATI> 
THW1 
LEV\N 

BY  TOM  BURROUGHS 

«3 
TE 

CE 

I 

PROJECT  CALG: 

Manual  math: 
CALC's  co- 
director  "Lang" 
Moore,  right, 
involves  students  in 
hands-on  problem 
solving  in  place  of 
the  usual  "plug 
and  chug"  of 
lecture-driven 
calculus  courses 

GRASPING  THE  'WHY'  OF  CALCULUS 

"Enthusiasm"  and  "calculus"  are  not  words  typically 
linked.  But  in  Project  CALC,  the  hide-bound  math- 
ematics of  change  is  itself  undergoing  fundamental 
change. 

■  t  is  a  calm  autumn  day  in  southeast 
H  Iowa  at  the  Ottumwa  air  traffic  con- 
H  trol  radar  installation.  Only  two  air- 
H  craft  are  in  the  vicinity:  American 
Flight   1003   from  Minneapolis  to  New 
Orleans    is   approaching   from   the   north 
northwest  and  United  Flight  366  from  Los 
Angeles  to  New  York  is  approaching  from 
the  west  southwest.  Both  are  on  flight  paths 
that  will  take  them  directly  over  the  tower, 
but  there  is  plenty  of  time  for  the  con- 
trollers to  adjust  the  paths  to  insure  a  safe 
distance  between  aircraft. 

Suddenly   the   tower   is   rocked  by   an 
earthquake.   Conventional   power   is   lost 
and  the  auxiliary  generator  fails  to  start.  In 
desperation  a  mechanic  rushes  outside  and 
kicks  the  generator;  it  sputters  to  life.  As 
the  radar  screen  flickers  on,  the  controllers 
find  that  both  aircraft  are  still  closing  in. 
The  American  flight  is  thirty-six  nautical 
miles  from  the  tower  and  approaching  on  a 
heading  of  171  degrees  at  a  rate  of  410 
knots.  The  United  flight  is  forty-one  nau- 
tical miles  from  the  tower,  approaching  on 
a  heading  of  81  degrees  at  a  rate  of  455 

knots. 

•  How  fast  is  the  distance  between  the 
planes  decreasing? 

•  How  close  will  the  planes  come  to 
each  other? 

•  Will  they  violate  the  FAA's  minimum 
separation   requirement    of  five    nautical 
miles? 

•  How  many  minutes  do  the  controllers 
have  before  the  time  of  closest  approach? 

•  Should  the  controllers  run  away  from 
the  tower  as  fast  as  possible? 

Faced  with  this  potential  disaster,  several 
young  but  scrappy  teams  swing  into  action, 
trading  ideas,  calculating,  struggling  to 
find  the  best  way  to  answer  the  pressing 
questions.  They  soon  realize  that  the  air- 
craft are  approaching  each  other  along  the 
legs  of  a  right  triangle,  and  thus  the  dis- 
tance between  them  is  equal  to  the  trian- 
gle's hypotenuse. 

"What  luck!"  one  team  would  later 
report.  "It  was  as  if  this  problem  had  been 
found  in  a  calculus  book  and  was  being 
acted  out  in  mid-air!  Anyway,  after  a  short 
celebration,  we  quickly  got  to  work  setting 

up  an  equation  for  dh/dt,  the  rate  at  which 
the  two  planes  were  approaching  each 
other." 

The  airplanes  are  finally  deemed  to  be 
in  no  immediate  jeopardy.  But  the  heroes 
have  a  parting  word  of  advice:  "It  might 
behoove  the  controllers  to  evacuate  the 
tower  since  it  was  just  hit  by  a  very  brutal, 
punishing,  and  tyrannic  earthquake.  This 
is  Project  CALC  headquarters  signing  off. 
See  you  Thursday,  same  time,  same  place." 

The  "same  time,  same  place"  is  a  Project 
CALC  course  at  Duke,  in  which  the  con- 
ventional methods  of  teaching  calculus  are 
being  roundly  overturned.  Evidence  of  the 
difference  shines  through  in  the  enthusi- 
asm that  many  Project  CALC  students 
bring  to  solving  the  steady  stream  of  prob- 
lems sent  their  way — "enthusiasm"  and 
"calculus"  not  being  words  typically 
linked.  In  Project  CALC,  the  hide-bound 
mathematics  of  change  is  itself  undergoing 
fundamental  change. 

Starting  next  year,  all  Duke  students 
who  sign  up  for  calculus,  starting  with  Cal- 
culus I,  will  take  at  least  a  modified  version 
of  Project  CALC.  Getting  to  this  point 
hasn't  been  simple — and  there  are  still 
challenges  to  be  met.  But  at  Duke  and  else- 
where, the  next  several  years  should  see  cal- 
culus taking  on  a  strikingly  different  look. 

And  none  too  soon.  "Calculus  is  widely 
considered  to  be  a  keystone  course,"  says 
David  Smith,  co-director  of  Project  CALC 
and  associate  professor  of  mathematics.  "It 
is  the  culmination  of  math  courses  that 
came  before,  and  a  cornerstone  for  the 
coming  college  curriculum."  Calculus  is  a 
required  subject  for  most  majors  in  the  sci- 
ences, engineering,  and,  of  course,  mathe- 
matics. It  is  a  prerequisite  for  admission  to 
many  graduate  and  professional  schools.  It 
is  the  one  branch  of  higher  math  that  stu- 
dents pursuing  non-technical  majors  are 
likely  to  sample. 

Nationwide,  more  than  half  a  million 
college  students  take  calculus  each  year; 
more  than  1,000  take  calculus  at  Duke.  "Yet 
despite  its  importance,  and  despite  how 
many  students  are  involved,  almost  every- 
one— students,  teachers,  and  administrators 
alike — agrees  that  calculus  is  by  and  large 
a  terrible  course,"  says  Lawrence  "Lang" 
Moore,  the  other  co-director  of  Project 
CALC  and  associate  professor  of  mathe- 
matics. "Clearly,  things  couldn't — or 
shouldn't — go  on  this  way." 

Though  considered  one  of  the  great 
achievements  of  the  human  mind,  calculus 
in  most  classrooms  is  transformed  into 
drudge  work.  The  professor  lectures  on  how 
to  find  derivatives  or  calculate  integrals, 
stopping  only  to  write  a  list  of  specific 
mathematical  rules  on  the  chalkboard, 
which  prompts  the  students  to  perk  up 
momentarily  and  copy  the  offerings.  A  typ- 


Traditional  courses 

emphasize  pencil-and- 

paper  calculations,  often 

without  revealing  how 

they  are  used  to  solve 

real  problems. 


Weekly  interactive  computer  labs:  "It's  here,"  says 
CALC  co-director  David  Smith,  top,  "that  students 
most  vividly  see  calculus  come  to  life" 

ical  homework  assignment  is  to  work  a 
dozen  or  so  problems,  most  varying  only 
slightly  from  examples  in  the  text.  "Plug 
and  chug,"  in  student  vernacular. 

Come  exams,  students  again  see  varia- 
tions of  the  examples,  with  a  few  harder 
ones  included  as  a  challenge.  The  reward 
goes  to  those  who  can  best  memorize  the 
techniques.  "Rules  replace  concepts,  and 
rote  learning  replaces  real  understanding," 
Moore  says.  "Students  seldom  grasp  the 
'why'  of  calculus — how  it  can  be  applied 
meaningfully  in  the  real  world,  let  alone 
what  we  see  as  its  intrinsic  beauty."  Despite, 
or  perhaps  because  of  this  cookbook  ap- 
proach, roughly  half  of  all  students  nation- 
wide fail  to  earn  a  "C"  or  better.  Duke  stu- 
dents fare  better  than  the  national 
average,  but  Moore  cautions  that  "this  pri- 
marily means  they  have  better  memoriza- 
tion and  test-taking  skills,  not  that  they 
have  necessarily  learned  'more'  calculus." 

Calculus,  say  Smith  and  Moore,  de- 
serves better.  Students  deserve  better.  And 
practically,    the   need   for   reform   is   also 


being  driven  by  what  many  leaders  in  gov- 
ernment, universities,  and  industry  see  as  a 
growing  U.S.  demand  for  more  scientists, 
mathematicians,  and  engineers.  "The  argu- 
ment is  that  more  of  these  people  will  be 
required  to  maintain,  and  hopefully  im- 
prove, the  nation's  economic  competitive- 
ness," says  John  Bradley,  associate  executive 
director  of  the  American  Mathematical 
Association.  "Calculus,  however,  has  be- 
come a  'filter'  that  impedes  the  flow  of  stu- 
dents into  these  areas.  It  turns  off  many 
students  who  come  to  college  interested  in 
pursuing  science  as  a  career,  and  certainly 
discourages  many  other  undecided  students 
from  ever  considering  such  a  path." 

This  filtering  action  may  prove  especially 
troublesome  as  universities  increasingly  try 
to  interest  a  more  diverse  clientele  in  sci- 
ence, mathematics,  and  engineering.  "There 
is  a  widespread  feeling  that  the  nation  can- 
not meet  its  technical  needs  by  drawing  on 
the  same  pool,  primarily  white  males,  that 
we  traditionally  have,"  Bradley  says.  "We 
need  to  take  advantage  of  the  talents  of 
groups  heretofore  largely  excluded,  includ- 
ing women  and  minorities."  Conventional 
calculus  courses  may  be  an  even  higher 
hurdle  for  these  students,  he  adds,  since 
their  early  educational  experiences  often 
gave  short  shrift  to  mathematics. 

Though  some  math  professors  have  long 
struggled  with  the  problem,  the  plight  of 
calculus  education  began  to  gain  national 
attention  in  the  mid-1980s.  Reform  efforts 
of  varying  size  are  now  under  way  at  per- 
haps 100  institutions  across  the  country, 
including  the  University  of  Illinois,  Har- 
vard, Purdue,  New  Mexico  State,  St.  Olaf 
College,  and  a  consortium  in  Mas- 
sachusetts called  Five  Colleges.  Many  are 
funded  by  the  National  Science  Founda- 
tion (NSF).  Duke's  Project  CALC  is  one  of 
the  largest  projects,  and  perhaps  the  most 
radical  in  that  it  uses  a  greater  variety  of 
new  teaching  techniques  than  the  others. 

Project  CALC  is  a  three-semester  pro- 
gram, highlighted  by  several  distinctive 
features.  One  of  the  most  important  is  re- 
vealed by  the  acronym  in  the  project's 
name:  "CALC"  stands  for  Calculus  As  a 
Laboratory  Course.  In  addition  to  the 
usual  three  hours  in  the  classroom,  stu- 
dents participate  in  a  two-hour  interactive 
computer  laboratory  each  week.  "Our  lab 
is  essential  to  the  learning  experience,  not 
just  a  peripheral  add-on,"  says  Smith.  "It's 
here  that  students  most  vividly  see  calcu- 
lus come  to  life." 

In  the  lab,  students  learn  by  discovery, 
using  a  variety  of  software  tools  to  carry 
out  numerical  and  graphical  "experiments" 
on  real-world  problems.  The  problems  are 
in  essence  prototypes  from  other  disci- 
plines that  calculus  serves — physics,  biology, 
chemistry,  economics — and  they  lead  to 


10 


dealing  with  such  matters  as  global  popula- 
tion trends,  the  spread  of  epidemics,  interest 
rates  and  price  dynamics,  electrical  circuits, 
and  the  motion  of  objects  in  a  gravita- 
tional field.  "Most  students  recognize  these 
problems  as  being  important,  at  least  for 
someone,  if  not  personally  for  themselves," 
says  Moore.  "It's  this  feeling  of  at  last 
being  asked  to  handle  problems  that  might 
make  a  difference  that  helps  hook  student 
interest.  Using  real-world  problems  as  up- 
front motivators,  not  as  afterthoughts,  is 
especially  important  in  reaching  students 
who  have  (or  think  they  have)  no  interest 
in  mathematics  for  its  own  sake,  which  on 
most  campuses  may  be  more  than  95  per- 
cent of  all  beginning  calculus  students." 

Traditional  courses  emphasize  pencil- 
and-paper  calculations,  often  without  re- 
vealing how  they  are  used  to  solve  real 
problems,  Smith  and  Moore  note  in  an 
overview  of  Project  CALC.  The  calcula- 
tions take  on  a  life  of  their  own  and  are 
performed  mindlessly.  But  technology  has 
moved  the  world — and  students  in  the 
computer  lab — beyond  this  point.  "Com- 
puters empower  us  to  solve  problems 
involving  'messy'  data  and  large  numbers 
of  computations,  exactly  the  kind  of  prob- 
lems we  find  in  the  real  world,"  they  say. 
"We  can  also  use  these  tools  to  experiment 
with  different  ways  of  attacking  problems 
and  thereby  obtain  the  intuition  that 
comes  from  experience." 

The  laboratory  experience  carries  over 
to  the  classroom  as  well.  Indeed,  conven- 
tional lecturing  is  kept  to  a  bare  minimum: 
brief  introductions  to  new  topics  and  re- 
sponses to  student  demands  for  more  infor- 
mation. Using  an  in-class  computer,  the 
instructor  can  carry  out  group  experi- 
ments, whether  planned  in  advance  or  in 
response  to  student  questions.  "We  try  to 
avoid  'show-and-tell'  demonstrations,  which 
may  be  entertaining,  but  usually  have  little 
lasting  impact,"  Moore  and  Smith  say  in 
their  project  overview.  "Rather,  our  demon- 
strations require  active  involvement  of  the 
students,  for  example,  in  selecting  parame- 
ters or  examples  and  in  guiding  the  course 
of  the  exploration." 

Students  also  conduct  non-computer 
experiments.  They  measure  the  period  of  a 
pendulum  (a  doorknob  on  a  string),  the 
height  of  a  bouncing  ball  and  the  time 
until  it  stops  bouncing  (to  illustrate  geo- 
metric series),  the  lengths  of  their  arms 
and  of  the  blackboards  (for  studies  of  the 
normal  distribution),  and  the  balance 
points  of  plane  figures  (by  standing  ply- 
wood cut-outs  on  the  end  of  a  pencil). 
"They  take  great  interest  in  these  activi- 
ties," Moore  and  Smith  say,  "and  their 
theoretical  calculations  become  more 
meaningful  when  they  can  compare  them 
with  data  they  know  are  real." 


Pondering  partners:  "Learning  is  greatly  enhanced  hy  the  dynamics  of  the  t 
analyzing  the  results,  and  writing  it  up" 


deckling  what  to  do,  tryingit. 


Another  distinguishing  feature  of  Project 
CALC  is  that  it  is  a  writing  course.  In 
mathematics?  To  Moore  and  Smith,  think- 
ing and  writing  are  intimately  related; 
thought  and  the  expression  of  that  thought 
cannot  be  separated.  "We  want  to  solve 
problems;  solving  problems  requires  decid- 
ing what  should  be  done,  executing  the 
calculations,  and  interpreting  the  results," 
they  say.  "Until  you  can  describe  what  you 
have  done,  why  you  did  it,  and  what  it 
means,  you  have  not  solved  the  problem." 

By  this  definition,  most  calculus  students 
cannot  solve  problems.  "It  is  a  common 
experience  among  calculus  instructors, 
who  have  posed  an  exam  question  requir- 
ing a  verbal  (as  opposed  to  computational) 
answer,  to  find  that  students  cannot  state 
assumptions  or  make  definitions,  do  not 
distinguish  between  hypothesis  and  con- 
clusion, and  do  not  seem  to  believe  it  is 
important  to  express  an  answer  coherently 
or  even  in  full  sentences,"  says  William 
Pardon,  professor  and  chair  of  Duke's  math- 
ematics department.  This  may  be  due  in 
part  to  a  preconceived  notion  that  the  lan- 
guage of  math  is  entirely  symbolic.  "But 
mostly  it  is  simply  that  there  is  no  real 
understanding  of  the  concepts,"  he  con- 
cludes. "What  all  teachers  know  is  that  the 
true  test  of  the  understanding  of  an  idea  is 
whether  one  can  explain  it  to  someone 
else." 

Students  must  write  up  their  laboratory 
experiments  as  well  as  their  in-class  and 
take-home  projects.  Some  reports  are  only 
a  paragraph,  but  five  or  six  each  semester 
are  more  substantial.  In  addition,  the  "full- 
scale"  reports  are  critiqued  by  the  instructor 
and  returned  to  be  rewritten,  with  the  stu- 
dent's grade  being  based  on  the  end  prod- 
uct.  (The   emphasis  on   writing  dovetails 


with  Duke's  University  Writing  Program,  in 
which  all  first-semester  students  must  par- 
ticipate. UWP's  director,  George  Gopen, 
collaborated  with  Smith  and  Moore  in 
developing  this  aspect  of  Project  CALC.) 

What  instructors  look  for  above  all  else 
is  clarity  of  thought.  "We  grade  students 
on  their  ability  to  make  sensible  arguments 
that  support  whatever  conclusions  they 
have  drawn  in  the  process  of  solving  prob- 
lems," say  Smith  and  Moore.  Their  strategy 
regarding  such  technical  details  as  gram- 
mar, spelling,  and  punctuation  is  to  tell 
students  that  they  shouldn't  want  to  appear 
"ignorant"  to  anyone  who  will  read  their 
writing,  now  or  in  their  future  careers.  "As  a 
'free  service,'  we  point  out  technical  errors 
and  expect  that  they  will  be  corrected,  but 
we  don't  correct  them,  and  we  don't  grade 
on  them,"  they  note.  "If  grammar  or  spell- 
ing or  punctuation  is  so  bad  that  it  inter- 
feres with  our  understanding  of  what  they 
are  trying  to  say,  then  of  course  they  are 
thwarting  our  expectations,  and  we  say  so." 

Project  CALC  also  stands  apart  in  its 
emphasis  on  teamwork.  In  the  computer  lab, 
two  (occasionally  three)  students  join 
forces  to  tackle  problems  and  write  reports. 
In  the  classroom,  four  or  five  students  may 
form  a  team.  "We  believe,"  say  the  co- 
directors,  "that  learning  is  greatly  en- 
hanced by  the  dynamics  of  the  team  decid- 
ing what  to  do,  trying  it,  analyzing  the 
results,  and  writing  it  up." 

Students  are  assigned  to  teams  by  the 
instructor,  and  groupings  typically  change 
several  times  during  the  semester.  "We 
want  the  students  to  get  used  to  working 
with  a  range  of  other  students,"  they  say. 
"Also,  mixing  teams  evens  out  the  advan- 
tage of  working  with  a  strong  partner  and 
the  disadvantage  of  working  with  a  weak 


11 


one."  Teamwork  is  frequently  a  new — and 
threatening — concept  to  many  students, 
whose  normal  mode  is  competition.  But 
Smith  and  Moore  point  out  that  working 
in  teams  is  the  way  most  problems  get 
solved  in  the  work  place,  "so  a  little  expe- 
rience with  this  approach  should  pay  off  in 
the  long  run." 

Project  CALC  traces  its  roots  in  several 
directions.  An  important  precursor  was 
David  Smith's  work  during  1984-86  at 
Benedict  College  during  a  leave  of  absence 
supported  by  the  United  Negro  College 
Fund  and  the  National  Institutes  of  Health's 
Minority  Access  to  Research  Careers  pro- 
gram. He  experimented  with  having  math 
students  at  all  levels  write  papers  instead 
of  taking  the  usual  tests,  required  students 
to  work  in  teams,  and  set  up  a  microcom- 
puter lab  in  which  they  could  do  open- 
ended  experiments  and  learn  by  discovery. 
Upon  returning  to  Duke,  he  started  apply- 
ing what  he  learned  in  several  calculus 
courses. 

About  this  time,  the  National  Science 
Foundation  launched  its  major  funding  pro- 
gram to  reform  calculus  education.  Phillip 
Griffiths,  a  mathematician  and  then  Duke's 
provost,  learned  of  the  new  program  and 
suggested  to  Michael  Reed,  then  chair  of 
the  math  department,  that  someone  at 
Duke  should  get  involved.  He  thought 
immediately  of  Smith  and  Moore.  "They 
were  perfect,"  Reed  says.  "David  had  been 
thinking  about  calculus  reform  for  a  long 
time,  and  I  knew  that  Lang  was  both  an 
excellent  teacher  and  had  exceptional  or- 
ganizational skills.  I  saw  this  as  an  oppor- 
tunity for  Duke  and  an  opportunity  for 
them  personally — but  mostly  I  wanted  to 
see  the  job  get  done,  to  see  the  course 
change  into  something  much  better." 

Smith  and  Moore  accepted  the  chal- 
lenge. They  forged  a  link  with  the  North 
Carolina  School  of  Science  and  Mathe- 
matics— a  locally  based  residential  high 
school  for  outstanding  students,  which  had 
been  experimenting  with  an  innovative 
precalculus  course — and  in  early  1988 
pitched  a  proposal  to  NSF  for  a  major  cur- 
riculum development  grant.  NSF  respond- 
ed with  a  small  planning  grant  for  the 
1988-89  academic  year. 

They  used  the  year  to  develop  roughly 
one-fourth  of  the  laboratory  materials 
needed  for  the  first  two  semesters  of  calcu- 
lus, and  recruited  student  volunteers  to 
work  through  the  labs  in  return  for  credit 
that  Duke  calls  "small-group  learning  ex- 
perience." The  team  reapplied  to  NSF  in 
1989,  asking  for  a  four-year  curriculum 
development  grant,  and  got  nearly  all  they 
requested.  NSF  also  approved  an  additional 
grant  to  help  equip  the  computer  labs,  and 
more  recently  has  awarded  a  grant  to  cover 
dissemination  of  the  materials  developed 


Teamwork  is  frequently 

a  new — and 

threatening — concept  to 

many  students,  whose 

normal  mode  is 

competition. 


in  Project  CALC.  All  told,  NSF  will  pro- 
vide approximately  $900,000  through  1993. 
Additional  support  has  come  from  the  uni- 
versity and  the  math  department,  as  well 
as  from  general  grants  to  Duke  from  the 
Howard  Hughes  Medical  Institute  and  the 
Novell  Corporation. 

Following  a  hectic  period  of  prepara- 
tion, Moore  and  Smith  taught  the  first  two 
semesters  of  Project  CALC  in  the  1989-90 
academic  year,  with  forty-two  students 
enrolled  during  the  fall  and  thirty-three  in 
the  spring.  The  students  were  selected  at 
random  among  those  signed  up  for  the 
standard  course,  but  transfers  out  and  in 
were  allowed.  "The  students  found  the  first 
few  weeks  of  the  course  stressful,"  they  re- 
call. "Predictably,  they  were  especially  ner- 
vous about  working  in  teams  and  about 
writing  reports."  By  the  time  students  eval- 
uated the  course  at  the  end  of  the 
semester,  the  consensus  was  that  they  had 
worked  hard  but  felt  well-rewarded  for 
their  work. 

Consider  Mike  Harrison.  Now  a  junior 
majoring  in  biomedical  engineering,  he  re- 
members "learning  what  I  needed  to  learn, 
and  having  a  good  time  doing  it."  From 
high  school,  he  thought  of  calculus  as 
being  dry  and  without  much  practical 
value.  "Since  I  wanted  to  be  an  engineer,  I 
was  interested  in  applying  knowledge  to 
practical  problems,  and  that's  what  Project 
CALC  offered  me,"  he  says.  "All  the  proj- 
ects made  for  a  heavy  workload,  but  when- 
ever I'd  hear  my  roommate  talking  about 
how  boring  his  regular  calculus  course  was, 
I'd  be  glad  to  be  in  CALC." 

In  the  1990-91  academic  year,  Project 
CALC  expanded  to  include  seven  sections 
(167  students)  of  Calculus  I  in  the  fall  and 
five  sections  of  Calculus  II  (ninety-four 
students)  in  the  spring,  again  randomly 
assigned.  The  courses  were  taught  by  a 
cross-section  of  senior  faculty,  instructors, 
and  graduate  students.  "With  this  effort  to 
move  Project  CALC  into  'mass  produc- 
tion,' problems  began  to  emerge,"  says  Jack 
Bookman,  a  lecturer  in  the  mathematics 
department  who  is  evaluating  the  program 
for  the  NSF. 


Moore  and  Smith  agree.  "We  began  to 
realize  that  we  were  asking  students  to  do 
far  too  much  work,  especially  writing.  The 
course  was  even  too  much  work  for  some 
of  the  faculty,  who  had  to  spend  much 
more  time  preparing  for  the  labs  and  grad- 
ing written  projects." 

Some  student  critics  went  much  further. 
In  course  evaluations  following  the  first 
semester,  students  complained  that  they 
couldn't  understand  the  new  textbook, 
were  forced  to  work  with  peers  who  weren't 
pulling  their  own  weight,  and  were  graded 
arbitrarily  on  too  much  "English."  Some 
also  claimed  they  weren't  learning  enough 
"real"  calculus,  and  wanted  more  emphasis 
placed  on  practicing  computational  skills. 

"I  hated  it,"  says  Erik  Nelson,  now  a 
sophomore  majoring  in  history  and  politi- 
cal science.  "After  that,  I  decided  never  to 
take  another  math  course  at  Duke."  Nelson 
maintains  that  no  matter  how  much  work 
he  did,  he  could  never  quite  grasp  what  was 
going  on,  and  got  little  help  from  his  in- 
structor or  lab  assistants.  "Being  in  a  group, 
that's  how  I  got  by,"  he  says.  "I  went  to 
every  meeting  but  usually  couldn't  con- 
tribute much.  Some  of  the  students  in  my 
groups  were  great;  they  could  tell  I  was 
having  problems  and  were  understanding. 
Others  weren't  so  understanding,  but  I  felt 
like  there  was  nothing  more  I  could  do." 
The  experience  even  made  him  question 
whether  he  could  make  it  at  Duke.  "I  be- 
came insecure  about  my  intelligence," 
Nelson  says.  "But  I've  earned  a  3.5  grade 
average  in  all  my  other  courses,  so  I'm  now 
pretty  convinced  that  the  biggest  problem 
was  with  the  course." 

But  the  course  didn't  lack  student  sup- 
porters. "A  substantial  proportion  of  Proj- 
ect CALC  students  reported  that  they 
found  the  course  interesting  and  stimulat- 
ing, a  claim  rarely  made  by  students  taking 
traditional  calculus,"  says  department  chair 
Pardon.  "This  is,  I  think,  testimony  to  the 
lively,  thought-provoking  nature  of  the  lab 
and  text  materials,  as  well  as  to  the  confi- 
dence students  acquire  through  the  writing 
assignments." 

For  Megan  Bishop,  a  sophomore  in  elec- 
trical engineering,  Project  CALC  "provided 
lots  of  hands-on  computer  experience  in 
solving  the  kinds  of  problems  I'll  be  seeing 
in  my  eventual  job."  She  admits  the  work- 
load was  rough — "a  lot  more  writing,  a  lot 
more  time  spent  in  the  computer  lab" — 
but  believes  the  extra  effort  was  worth  it. 
("Well,  maybe  not  quite  so  much  extra 
effort.")  She  says  the  emphasis  on  writing 
is  already  paying  off  "in  my  engineering 
lab  write-ups,  where  you  have  to  be  able  to 
explain  things  scientifically  and  clearly." 

Faculty  members  involved  with  Project 
CALC  were  generally  supportive.  But  in 
addition  to  the  matter  of  requiring  much 


12 


Circuit  city:  "Computers  empower  u 


more  time  and  effort,  some  had  concerns 
similar  to  those  of  the  students.  They  said 
there  was  too  much  emphasis  on  writing, 
which  was  difficult  to  grade  fairly.  Students 
who  seemed  to  learn  very  little  were  able  to 
get  C's,  and  sometimes  B's.  And  some 
thought  more  lecturing  would  be  appropri- 
ate, especially  to  connect  and  put  closure 
on  the  ideas  developed  by  the  students 
while  working  in  groups. 

Associate  Professor  David  Kraines,  for 
example,  likes  some  of  the  concepts  be- 
hind Project  CALC — such  as  discovery- 
based  learning  and  the  fact  that  students 
get  actively  involved  in  exploring  practical 
problems  using  computers — but  he  has 
some  serious  reservations.  "My  primary 
concern  is  whether  Project  CALC  stu- 
dents are  learning  as  much  of  the  funda- 
mentals of  calculus  as  regular  students  do," 
he  says.  "1  feel  that  the  average  student 
who  is  drilled  on  the  techniques  is  better 
off  than  those  who  are  not  drilled." 

Kraines  willingly  acknowledges  that  con- 
ventional calculus  courses  focus  too  much 
on  specialized  techniques,  and  that  Project 
CALC  represents  an  attempt  to  cut  away 
some  of  the  unnecessary  material.  But  in 
his  view,  it  has  gone  too  far.  "Students  in 


involving  'messy'  daia  and  large  computations,  exactly  the  kind  of  problems  uv  find  in  the  real  world" 


regular  calculus  know  how  to  integrate  and 
perform  other  basic  calculations.  Yes,  the 
regular  students  may  not  really  know  what 
they  are  doing,  but  many  Project  CALC 
students  can't  even  get  that  far.  I  just  feel  a 
certain  basic  level  of  techniques  is  neces- 
sary." Project  CALC  may  eventually  evolve 
into  a  strong  course,  he  concludes,  but  it  is 
not  there  yet. 

In  response  to  such  student  and  faculty 
concerns,  Project  CALC  saw  a  fair  amount 
of  modification  for  the  second  semester  of 
1990-91,  and  more  for  the  current  aca- 
demic year.  For  example,  instructors  assign 
fewer  writing  projects  and  have  replaced 
some  of  the  long  lab  reports  with  "fill  in  a 
paragraph"  forms.  They  give  weekly  home- 
work. And  to  meet  the  demand  for  more 
computational  accountability  in  Calculus 
I,  instructors  schedule  two  mid-term  exams 
rather  than  one,  which  include  a  small 
number  of  differentiation  and  integration 
problems. 

Student  attitudes  reflect  the  improve- 
ments. In  the  course  evaluations  completed 
during  the  spring  1991  semester,  Bookman 
saw  some  remarkable  shifts.  Indeed,  Proj- 
ect CALC  fared  generally  better  than  tra- 
ditional courses.  "The  modifications  put  in 


place  certainly  played  a  role,"  Bookman 
says.  "But  other  factors  probably  helped, 
too.  For  one  thing,  the  second  semester  of 
regular  calculus  is  more  difficult  than  the 
first,  so  Project  CALC  may  have  gained  by 
comparison.  In  addition,  it  takes  at  least  a 
semester,  and  probably  longer,  to  signifi- 
cantly change  some  of  the  students'  deeply 
ingrained  attitudes  about  mathematics.  So 
more  of  the  students  started  to  'get  it,'  to 
really  see  what  Project  CALC  is  supposed 
to  do." 

This  year's  students  also  seem  impressed. 
Many  are  like  Will  Breeden.  A  freshman 
who  hadn't  taken  calculus  in  high  school, 
he  is  now  in  the  second  semester  of  Project 
CALC.  "Once  1  got  used  to  it,  I  found  it  a 
lot  better  than  regurgitating  a  lot  of  techni- 
cal stuff,"  he  says.  "I  feel  like  I'm  learning 
calculus  better  by  learning  why  something 
happened,  not  just  that  it  happened."  The 
amount  of  writing  required  was  a  surprise, 
he  says,  but  hasn't  proved  overwhelming. 
"In  fact,  I  think  that  having  to  explain 
why  something  worked  the  way  it  did  has 
really  helped  me  understand  the  underly- 
ing principles." 

Some  students  still  complain  that  grad- 
Continued  on  page  40 


13 


FEMINISM 


BY  BRIDGET  BOOHER 


R: 
; 


osemary  Dempsey  wept  as  she  ad- 
dressed her  audience.  With  moist 
eyes,  the  National  Organization 
for  Women's  vice  president  talked 
about  NOWs  evolution,  from  its  begin- 
nings as  a  fledgling  outfit  in  the  mid-Six- 
ties to  its  present,  transitional  state.  She 
spoke  of  unfinished  business  and  fights  not 
yet  won.  Though  her  speech  was  passion- 
ate, Dempsey 's  tears  were  caused  not  by 
overwhelming 
emotion,  but  by 
a  poorly  fitting 
contact  lens.  A 
cosmetic  distrac- 
tion, unfortu- 
nately, had  sub- 
verted her 
message. 

Unintention- 
ally,     Dempsey, 
whose    spring 
Duke         visit 
was     part     of 
her   nationwide 
university      lec- 
ture-circuit tour, 
underscored     an 
ongoing  tension 
in  what  is  col- 
lectively   known    as    tne      womens 
movement."  Despite  continued  con- 
cerns   about    affordable    child    care, 
economic  equality,  and  political  rep- 
resentation,  advocates   for   women's 
issues  are  judged  not  on  the  strength  of 
their  argument  but  on  how  it's  delivered. 

14 


(While  this  perception  is  not  peculiar  to 
women — just  ask  any  candidate  for  public 
office — those  in  the  spotlight  seem  particu- 
larly subject  to  scrutiny;  witness  the  media 
treatment  NOW  president  Patricia  Ireland 
has  endured,  from  speculation  about  her 
alleged  bisexuality  to  why  she  prefers  flat 
shoes.)  For  mainstream  audiences,  the 
cool-headed  commentary  of  writers  like 
The  Boston  Globes  Ellen  Goodman  or  The 
New  York  Times' 


THE  WOMEN'S  MOVEMENT; 


A  REVOLUTION  EVOLVES 


Rather  Mian  saying  the 
women's  movement  failed 
is  no  one 


speaks  for  all  women,  the 

important  thing  is  to 

recognize  the  strength  of 

those  disparate  voices. 


the 


Anna  Quindlen 
resonates  more 
resoundingly 
than  do  fiery  dia- 
tribes or  senti- 
mental outpour- 
ings  —  even 
when,  as  in 
Dempsey's  case, 
they  are  acciden- 
tal. 

As  if  to  over- 
compensate  for 
the  anger  that 
fueled  the  early- 
Seventies  drive 
for  parity,  femi- 
nism's formerly 
brassy  tone  has 
become  muted.  Editorials  and  news 
stories  assert  that  feminism  is  dead,  or 
at  least  dormant.  In  her  best-selling 
book  Backlash,  Pulitzer  Prize-winning 
journalist  Susan  Faludi  chronicles  how 
this  attitude  came  to  prevail.  Examining 
political  manipulation  and  the  power  of 


popular  culture,  she  paints  a  bleak  picture 
of  a  society  that  subtly  (and,  at  times,  not- 
so-subtly)  impedes  progress  for  women, 
whether  it's  an  ambitious  executive  con- 
fronting the  "glass  ceiling"  or  an  unmarried 
middle-aged  woman  who's  judged  first  by 
her  marital  status  rather  than  by  her  career 
accomplishments. 

Faludi's  book  comes  at  an  interesting 
time.  According  to  a  Time/CNN  poll  this 
spring,  63  percent  of  women  surveyed  did  not 
consider  themselves  feminists.  What's  more, 
54  percent  thought  the  women's  move- 
ment had  no  effect  on  improving  their 
lives.  While  Backlash  attempts  to  demystify 
the  dynamics  fueling  this  antifeminist  wave, 
larger  questions  remain.  Has  the  women's 
movement  truly  lost  momentum  14  and,  if 
so,  what  can  be  done  to  revitalize  it? 

To  begin  with,  there's  confusion  sur- 
rounding the  basic  terminology.  In  an  odd 
twist  that's  likely  to  make  veterans  of  the 
struggle  for  equality  shudder,  the  word  "fem- 
inist" has  assumed  unfavorable  connota- 
tions. Women  proudly  claiming  to  be  femi- 
nists are  assumed  to  be  "radical"  or,  at  the 
very  least,  devoid  of  humor.  (Q:  How  many 
feminists  does  it  take  to  screw  in  a  light  bulb? 
A:  That's  not  funny.)  Why  does  the  term 
frighten?  Why  are  women,  particularly 
younger  women,  uneasy  about  proclaiming 
themselves  as  feminists? 

Elizabeth  "Lizzie"  Weiss  '92,  a  Duke 
sociology  major  earning  her  certificate  in 
women's  studies,  says  she  believes  the 
word  is  "loaded"  because  there  is  no  agree- 
ment anymore  on  what  constitutes  feminist 


thought  or  action.  "If  you  asked  some  of  my 
classmates  whether  they  consider  them- 
selves feminists,  they  would  say  no  because 
of  the  negative  stereotype... which  is  rigid, 
finding  things  that  aren't  really  there,  hit- 
ter, sort  of  pissed-off,  chip  on  your  shoul- 
der. The  kind  of  attitude  that  makes  peo- 
ple say,  'Oh,  she'll  get  over  it.'  " 

Weiss,  who  attended  an  all-female  prep 
school  in  Los  Angeles,  was  surprised  as  a 
freshman  to  find  herself  tagged  as  the  resi- 
dent authority  on  distaff  rights  and  inter- 
ests. "I  was  just  being  myself  and  I  sudden- 
ly got  this  reputation  in  my  hall — not  in  a 
bad  way,  but  in  a  very  pointed  way — as  the 
feminist.  People  asked  me  questions  as  if  I 
were  some  kind  of  expert.  And  I  thought, 
this  is  so  weird.  I  was  just  being  me.  But 
it's  stuck  to  this  day." 

What  made  Weiss  so  uncomfortable  is 
precisely  what  many  see  as  the  central  chal- 
lenge facing  advocates  of  women's  issues — 
namely,  that  there  is  no  agreed-upon 
"female"  point  of  view.  But  is  the  absence 
of  uniformity  a  cause  for  alarm? 

"I  think  there  are  some  problems  with 
the  'women's  movement,'  but  I  don't  nec- 
essarily see  that  as  a  weakness,"  says  Ruth 
Ziegler  '82.  "There  are  so  many  subsets 
within  the  diversity  of  women's  experi- 
ences that  it's  almost  impossible  to  say  one 
organization    can 

Si  address  all  their  con- 
1  cerns.  The  important 
i  thing  is  to  recognize 
I  the  strength  of  those 
1  [disparate]  voices, 
1  rather  than  saying 
I  the  women's  move- 
'  ment  failed  because 
there  is  no  one  lead- 
er or  group  that  speaks  for  all  women." 

As  the  executive  director  for  North  Caro- 
lina's National  Abortion  Rights  Action 
League  (NARAL),  Ziegler  considers  her- 
self first  and  foremost  a  political  strategist. 
NARAL,  she  says,  is  a  good  example  of  a 
grass-roots  lobbying  group  that  devotes  all 
its  energy  to  a  specific  issue. 

"We're  not  about  changing  people's 
minds;  that's  not  our  goal,"  says  Ziegler. 
"We  want  to  strengthen  the  political  muscle 
of  the  pro-choice  community.  I  think  most 
of  us  who  work  on  reproductive  rights  is- 
sues very  much  see  ourselves  as  part  of  the 
women's  movement,  but  we  don't  talk 
about  this  as  strictly  a  women's  issue.  Our 
mission  is  to  develop  an  effective  pro- 
choice  political  constituency." 

Fragmentation  has  also  occurred  in  the 
academy,  where  many  of  the  former  front- 
line student  activists  of  the  late  Sixties 
and  early  Seventies  now  teach.  These 
scholars,  who  have  watched  women's  stud- 
ies gain  credibility  and  momentum  within 
the  standard  curriculum,  note  that  other 


intellectual  and  political  trends  have  influ- 
enced how  such  programs  take  shape. 

Wendy  Luttrell,  who  has  a  joint  appoint- 
ment in  Duke's  sociology  and  cultural  an- 
thropology departments,  says  women's 
studies  initially  "sought  to  place  women's 
experiences  and  voices  at  the  center  of 
study.  But  as  feminist  politics  and  theories 
have  evolved,  the  notion  that  women 
have  a  unified  voice  or  that  there  even  is  a 
center  or  core  within  women's  studies  has 
been  called  into  question.  Post-structural- 
ist theories,  which  break  down  the  con- 
cept of  the  essential  or  unified  woman, 
have  had  an  obvious  impact  on  women's 
studies,  reminding  us  that  women  are  both 
tied  to  and  divided  from  one  another.  This 
makes  the  project  of  women's  studies  and 
its  political  and  pedagogical  agenda  all  the 
more  challenging. 

"Moreover,  there  are  tremendous  con- 
straints for  women  [in  the  academy]  to 
legitimate  feminist  work,  and  that  means 
certain  trade-offs."  The  challenge  now  is  to 
reforge  the  connection  between  women 
scholars  and  policymakers.  Maintaining 
strong  ties  between  theoretical  discussion 
and  practical  application  is  important,  says 
Luttrell,  because  it's  in  keeping  with  one  of 
feminism's  earliest  goals:  "using  knowledge 
in  the  service  of  changing  people's  lives,  as 
opposed  to  knowledge  just  for  the  sake  of 
knowledge." 

In  her  own  classes,  Luttrell  urges  her 
students  to  think  about  gender  from  a  vari- 


ety of  perspectives,  ranging  from  the  tradi- 
tional (political,  historical)  to  the  more 
subjective  (ethical,  personal).  How  do  we 
form  our  ideas  about  sexuality?  What  is 
acceptable  behavior  and  what  is  taboo?  By 
struggling  to  answer  questions  like  these, 
students  are  compelled  to  recognize  the 
power  and  effectiveness  of  social  cues  in 
shaping  who  they  are. 

Often,  the  exercise  increases  people's 
awareness  of  how  often  prescribed  roles  are 
reinforced — through  the  media,  in  the  class- 
room, or  in  the  workplace.  Sometimes,  such 
an  exercise  shakes  the  very  foundation  of  a 
person's  identity. 

When  Playboy  magazine  came  to  Duke 
two  years  ago,  Krisanta  Lasko  '92  was 
selected  to  appear  in  its  "Women  of  the 
ACC"  feature.  Lasko,  who  never  consid- 
ered posing  nude,  wore  jeans  and  a  T-shirt 
for  her  shoot.  As  a  teenager,  Lasko  had 
done  some  modeling  in  high  school  and 
pursued  the  Playboy  opportunity  "for  the 
glorification  and  attention.  It  was  definite- 
ly an  ego  thing:  I  wanted  the  prestige  of 
being  selected  and  being  good-looking 
enough  to  be  in  this  nationally  renowned 
magazine." 

But  in  the  resulting  controversy  surround- 
ing Playboy's  campus  recruiting,  Lasko's 
pride  soon  was  replaced  by  misgivings.  At 
a  university  forum,  Lasko  sat  in  the  audi- 
ence unnoticed  and  listened  to  impas- 
sioned arguments  about  the  implications 
of  soft-porn  publications  like  Playboy. 


WOMEN  SHARE  THE  WEALTH 


Anyone  who  thinks  the 
women's  movement  is 
idle  should  take  a  look 
at  Duke's  Women's  Studies 
program.  At  the  completion  of 
its  recent  endowment  cam- 
paign drive,  the  almost  ten- 
year-old  program  raised  more 
than  $1  million,  making  it  the 
largest  women's  studies  en- 
dowment effort  ever  in  the 
country. 

Women's  Studies  director 
Jean  O'Barr  says  the  success  of 
the  campaign  mirrors  a  new 
trend  nationwide.  Whether  it's 
for  political  candidates  or  edu- 
cational purposes,  women 
donors  are  snowing  financial 
support  for  the  people  and  pro- 
grams that  can  directly  affect 
their  lives.  At  the  same  time, 
they're  investing  in  posterity. 
"While  many  of  our  women 
donors  have  a  profound  at- 
tachment to  Duke,  they  feel  it 
wasn't  as  good  as  it  could  or 
should  have  been,  and  they 
want  to  fund  change  for 
future  generations,"  says 


O'Barr.  "Women  want  to  sup- 
port circumstances  that  will 
enhance  and  help  people  in 
the  future,  whereas  men  are 
more  likely  to  say  their  col- 
lege experience  was  great,  and 
that's  why  they'll  keep  giving." 

O'Barr  points  to  a  Washing- 
ton, D.C.-based  organization, 
called  EMILY's  List,  as  another 
example  of  how  women  are 
putting  their  money  where 
their  interests  are.  Founded  in 
1985  by  Ellen  Malcolm, 
EMILY's  List  has  become  the 
nation's  most  powerful  donor 
network  and  political  resource 
for  pro-choice  Democratic 
women  candidates.  Its  accom- 
plishments include  raising 
$1.5  million  in  1990  to  help 
elect  Texas  governor  Ann 
Richards  and  Oregon  gover- 
nor Barbara  Roberts. 

With  the  completion  of  the 
endowment  campaign,  O'Barr 
says  the  program  is  at  an  in- 
teresting juncture.  Women's 
Studies  and  the  psychology 
department  have  made  their 


first  joint  appointment,  bring- 
ing in  a  women's  health  policy 
expert.  An  upcoming  internal 
review  will  evaluate  curricu- 
lum and  course  content  to 
ensure  that  Duke's  program 
remains  at  the  forefront  of 
women's  studies  nationally. 
And  to  celebrate  its  first  de- 
cade, a  planned  colloquium 
will  explore  the  relationships 
in  women's  public  and  private 
lives. 

Strengthening  ties  among 
women  is  an  important  aspect 
of  the  Women's  Studies  pro- 
gram, says  O'Barr.  And  the 
outcome  of  the  fund-raising 
campaign  is  proof  that  an 
active  women's  network,  one 
that  includes  all  ages  and  in- 
terests, can  flourish.  As  noted 
in  the  final  report,  "Perhaps 
the  most  exciting  part  of  this 
campaign  was  the  discovery 
and  cultivation  of  a  new  con- 
stituency for  | the  university ]... 
a  seemingly  diverse  audience 
[with]  more  commonality  than 
could  have  been  imagined." 


"It  was  the  first  time  I  was  confronted 
with  the  intellectual  argument  against 
pornography,"  she  recalls.  "And  it  scared 
me  to  death.  I  just  crumbled  in  the  face  of 
these  feminists.  But  the  clincher  was  a  film 
we  saw  in  [Wendy  Luttrell's]  'Sexuality  and 
Society'  class  called  Not  A  Love  Story.  It's  a 
documentary  that  explores  the  social  reper- 
cussions of  pornography,  how  the  whole 
industry  treats  and  exploits  women.  And  it 
really  hit  me  in  the  stomach.  I  was  physi- 
cally ill  from  seeing  that  film." 

Lasko's  personal  revelation  about  self- 
image,  while  unusual,  speaks  to  an  extreme- 
ly common  obsession  among  women:  how 
they  look.  Media  images  contain  powerful 
signals  about  what  constitutes  femininity 
and  beauty.  For  every  Nike  ad  campaign 
celebrating  women's  individuality,  strength, 
and  personal  achievements,  there  are  a 
dozen  impossibly  perfect  models  depicting 
glamorous  worlds  where  intelligence  is 
irrelevant. 

Tweaking  expectations  about  physical 
beauty  was  one  of  Erik  Torkells'  motives 
for  posting  a  series  of  flyers  around  campus. 
In  them,  supermodel  Naomi  Campbell 
flaunts  her  perfect  figure,  but  alongside  the 
visual  come-ons  are  such  challenging 
statements  as,  "Naomi  Say:  What  Are  You 
Looking  At?  Honey,  You'll  Never  Have 
Enough  Money."  In  a  playful  but  pointed 
turnabout,  Torkells  '92  has  taken  the  his- 
torical depiction  of  women  as  passive  ob- 
jects to  be  admired  and  transformed  them 


While  Torkells'  guerrilla  art  project  pokes 
fun  at  American  obsessions  with  beauty 
and  desirability,  his  intent  is  serious.  "Peo- 
ple need  to  look  hard  at  the  messages 
advertising  is  sending  and  recognize  when 
it's  ridiculous." 

But  as  Krisanta  Lasko  discovered,  one's 
personal  identity  is  inevitably,  inextricably 
shaped  by  outside  signs.  Raised  in  Hawaii, 
where  the  beachfront  way  of  life  (and  dress) 
emphasized  the  physical,  Lasko  learned  at 
an  early  age  "that  if  you  were  found  beauti- 
ful or  attractive,  if  guys  gawked  at  you,  then 
you  were  okay  as  a  woman.  Male  approval 
equaled  validation.  And  I've  talked  to  men 
who  recognize  this  as  well.  [It's]  the  idea 
that  men  look  at  women,  but  women  look  at 
men  looking  at  women.  When  I  posed  for 
Playboy,  I  was  still  very  much  seduced  by 
that  attention,  which  is  exactly  what  society 
has  conditioned  us  to  believe  women 
should  want:  to  be  validated  as  beautiful 
beings  and  sex  objects.  I've  since  realized 
that  that's  not  the  primary  way  I  want  to 
be  valued." 

As  difficult  as  it's  been  for  Lasko  to 
come  to  terms  with  the  curious,  complex 
balance  of  one's  physical  and  intellectual 
worth,  her  predicament  is  not  unusual. 
Any  woman  who's  ever  walked  past  an  all- 
male  construction  crew  or  been  the  lone 
female  in  a  board  meeting  knows  how 
quickly  confidence  can  give  way  to  uneasi- 
ness. Even  if  nothing  is  said,  a  self-con- 
scious awareness  of  one's  physical  presence 


Student  Lasko  and  sociologist  Lutcrell.  classroom  exercises  explore  ideas  about  gender,  ranging  from  the 
traditional  (political,  historical)  to  the  more  subjective  (ethical,  personal) 


into  independent,  unattainable  individuals. 
The  power  is  shifted  from  the  (presumed 
male)  viewer  to  the  woman;  she  can't  be 
owned  or  possessed  because  she's  in  control. 
"I  wanted  to  provoke  people,  to  make 
them  think,"  says  Torkells,  an  English  major 
who   plans   to   pursue   magazine   editing. 


can  make  for  an  uncomfortable  situation. 
But  as  the  Anita  Hill-Clarence  Thomas 
Senate  hearings  illustrated,  tension — par- 
ticularly in  the  workplace — is  often  busi- 
ness as  usual. 

Regardless  of  who  was  "telling  the  truth" 
in  that  most  publicized  of  sexual  harass- 


ment episodes,  it  prompted  far-reaching 
debates  about  what  constitutes  proper  be- 
havior between  men  and  women.  And  it 
goes  back  to  a  very  basic  tenet  of  feminism: 
respect  for  the  individual.  In  the  wake  of 
the  hearings,  people — from  secretaries  to 
surgeons — came  forward  with  their  own 
tales  of  humiliation. 

For  Duke  law  professor  Katherine  Bart- 
lett,  the  Hill-Thomas  incident  was  a  partic- 
ularly remarkable  indication  of  an  every- 
day problem.  "Sexual  harassment  is  just 
one  manifestation  of  the  double  standard 
that  women  are  sexual  objects  rather  than 
peers,"  she  says.  "So  while  being  mistaken 
for  a  secretary,  or  being  referred  to  by  your 
first  name  when  men  are  addressed  with 
titles,  does  not  fit  the  legal  definition  of 
sexual  harassment,  it  overlaps  with  a  gen- 
eral attitude  that  women  are  less  serious 
than  other  members  of  the  workforce." 

Although  such  attitudes  are  deeply  in- 
grained, Bartlett  sees  the  Hill-Thomas 
hearings  as  an  example  of  an  issue  that  has 
galvanized  diverse  groups  of  women.  "To 
the  extent  that  this  reinforced  rather  than 
uncovered  misconceptions  about  women, 
women's  groups  have  an  interest"  in  keep- 
ing this  issue  alive.  Perhaps  the  most  dan- 
gerous message  perpetuated  by  the  Hill- 
Thomas  hearings,  says  Bartlett,  is  that 
"because  there  are  sexual  harassment  laws, 
women  have  remedies.  But  then  if  you  make 
a  fuss,  everyone  will  know  who  you  are, 
and  they'll  be  trying  to  attack  your  credi- 
bility and  your  character." 

Sexual  intimidation  is  not  the  exclusive 
domain  of  the  workplace,  either.  This 
spring,  the  American  Association  of  Uni- 
versity Women  (AAUW)  released  a  report 
about  patterns  of  sex  discrimination  in  the 
classroom.  The  AAUW  found  that  boys 
were  more  likely  than  girls  to  be  called  on, 
more  likely  to  be  challenged  on  their  an- 
swers, more  likely  to  be  directed  toward 
math  and  science.  The  results  confirmed 
what  many  people  already  suspected.  As 
professor  Wendy  Luttrell  notes,  "We've 
known  about  this  since  the  Seventies  but 
no  one  really  paid  any  attention  to  it.  This 
[AAUW]  documentation  supports  the  fact 
that  a  lot  of  things  haven't  really  changed 
for  women  in  education,  despite  lots  of 
talk." 

Senior  Lizzie  Weiss  ran  into  this  predica- 
ment in  a  course  she  was  taking  on  Latin 
American  literature.  During  class  discus- 
sion, she  noticed  that  a  core  group  of  men 
dominated  the  dialogue.  It  was  so  obvious, 
she  says,  that  the  teacher's  assistant  stopped 
the  conversation  to  inquire  why  none  of 
the  women  was  talking.  Several  gave  self- 
deprecating  replies  ("I  just  don't  feel  I  have 
much  to  contribute"),  but  Weiss  argued 
that  the  imbalance  went  much  deeper. 

Continued  on  page  49 


16 


DUKE 


THE  PRESS  FOR 
SUCCESS 


BY  DEBRA  BLUM 


Brian  Davis  and  Christian 
Laettner  are  pictured 
dressed  in  tuxedos  and 
white  formal  gloves.  They 
stand  center  court  in 
Cameron  Indoor  Stadium, 
holding  the  championship 
plaque  from  last  year's 
tournament  and  wearing  championship 
grins.  They  are,  as  the  caption  on  the  cover 
of  Duke  University's  men's  basketball 
1991  postseason  media  guide  says,  "Goin' 
To  The  Dance  Again." 

Indeed,  Davis,  Laettner,  and  the  rest  of 
the  Blue  Devils  team  had  danced  through 
the  entire  1991-92  season  as  No.  1  in  the 
country,  and  they  were 
ready  for  the  big  cotil- 
lion, the  show  of  shows, 
the  Final  Four  in  Min- 
neapolis. They  had 
cha-cha-ed  through  the 
Atlantic  Coast  Con- 
ference tournament, 
waltzed  through  the 
early  rounds  of  this 
year's  National  Colle- 
giate Athletic  Associa- 
tion tournament,  and 
shimmied  their  way 
into  the  Final  Four  with 
a  breathtaking  last  sec- 
ond win  against  the 
University  of  Kentucky.  Duke  shwalkers:  sophm 
They  were  about  to  dunking  a  deuce,  above; 
jitterbug  past  Indiana  right,  goes  for  a  goal 
University  in  the  semi- 
finals, and  then  two-step— with  a  bit  of 
a  gimpy  performance  from  the  injured 
Davis — beyond  the  University  of  Michi- 
gan Wolverines  to  take  home  the  gold. 
They  would  promenade  back  to  Durham 
with  their  second  consecutive  national 
championship — a  feat  last  accomplished  on 
the  Division  I  dance  floor  by  UCLA,  al- 
most twenty  years  ago. 

All  season  long,  and  maybe  for  as  long 
|  as  the  last  decade  of  seasons,  Duke's  men's 


basketball    team    has 
been  the  darling  of  the 
national    media.    USA 
Today  has  hailed  them 
as  having  "The  Perfect 
Program,"  local  pa 
pers  have  applauded 
their  class  and  win- 
ning   ways,    and 
countless    columns 
have  been  devoted 
to  the  team's  personali- 
ties— from  Coach  K  as 
nothing  short   of  a   minor 
deity    in   college    hoops    to   his 
players  as  teenage  idols.  The  Blue 
Devils  have  been  interviewed,  pro- 
filed, photographed,  and  featured 
like  few  other  college  teams  ever 
have. 

And     though     its     outstanding 
teamwork  is  clearly  at  the  heart 
of  Duke's   winning 

I  game,  one  player, 
\  Christian  Laettner, 
|  has  stood  head  and 
•shoulders  above 
|  his   teammates    in 

I I  h  e  amount  of  atten- 
|  tion — good  and  bad — 

that  has  been  lavished 
on  him.   The   Player  of 
the   Year   has   been   fea- 
tured in  Sports  Illustrated 
and      People      magazine, 
which    included    him    in 
their  "50  Most  Beautiful 
People"  issue.  One  of  his 
first       post-championship 
commitments  was  on  syn- 
dicated TV   talk-show 
host    Arsenio    Hall's 
interview  chair.  He  is 
scheduled  to  appear  in  October  on  the 
cover  of  GQ,  which  had  asked  him  to 
keep  a  diary  during  the  season.  And 
Vogue,  according  to  some   reports, 
has  called. 

But  Laettner,  like  his  teammates, 
has  learned  how  to  handle  the  press 
off   the    court    as    well    as    Coach    Mike 
Krzyzewski  had  taught  them  to  handle  a 
press  on  the  court. 

"We   have   loved   the   attention,"   said 


nore  Grant  Hill 
senior  Brian  Davis 


Davis,   who   had   deftly   swept 
aside  a  box  of  celebratory  bub- 
blegum  from  a  table  in  the 
middle    of    the    locker 
room  so  that  he  could 
sit    down    and    hold 
court     of    his     own 
among  the  reporters 
who  had  swamped 
the    dressing    area 
after    the    champi- 
onship game.   "We 
realized     there'd 
be  distractions  and 
that  has  helped  us 
to  focus." 

Distractions     is 
surely  a  euphemism 
for  the  kind  of  hype 
and    hyperbole    sur- 
rounding   the    Duke 
team.  And  it  is  noth- 
ing short  of  a  gross 
understatement     for 
the    kind   of  media 
circus  that  attended 
the     month-long 
NCAA       men's 
Division    I    bas- 
ketball    tourna- 
ment. The  cul- 
m  i  n  a  t  i  n  g 
event,  the  Final 
Four,  which  this 
year  was  held  in 
M  inneapol  is' 
Metrodome 
April    4    and    6, 
rivals  the  World 
Series      and      the 
Super    Bowl    as    big- 
time   sports   king  of  the 
hill.  Its  significance  and  pop- 
ularity among  fans  is  not  lost 
^  on  the  media,  either. 

fjk  *  This    year,    the   NCAA 

T^  handed  out  no  fewer  than 

yt^  1.000   press   credentials 

^^  to    newspaper,    radio, 

^^p.       and  television  reporters 
from  around  the  country. 
Reporters     were     shuttled 
around   the  city,   and  fed   most  of  their 
meals  at  banquets,   in  hospitality  suites, 


17 


and  from  tables  set  up  outside  the  Metro- 
dome's  press  room.  With  their  brightly- 
colored  passes  dangling  from  their  necks, 
members  of  the  press  were  allowed  through 
special  doors  into  the  arena,  into  designated 
courtside  seats,  and  into  press  conferences 
and  locker  rooms.  A  flash  of  the  impressive 
oversized  pass  even  got  wearers  into  over- 
crowded hotel-lobby  parties  where  harassed 
doormen  were  restricting  entrance. 

With  that  kind  of  treatment  for  them, 
the  reporters  gave  the  players  and  teams  the 
full  treatment,  too.  Multiple  stories  in  many 
local  and  national  newspapers  focused  on 
the  antics  of  Indiana  University's  Coach 
Bobby  Knight,  harped  on  the  junior-college 
transfers  who  were  part  of  the  University  of 
Cincinnati's  surprise  dream  team,  celebrated 
the  accomplishments  of  five  fabulous  fresh- 
men who  started  for  Michigan,  and  made 
prediction  after  prediction  as  to  whether 
the  Blue  Devils  could  put  together  history- 
making,  back-to-back  championships. 

But  it  seemed  that  the  championship 
tournament  this  year  could  have  been 
called  the  Final  Three  and  Duke.  The  Blue 
Devils  were  clearly  in  the  spotlight,  despite 
such  dazzling  would-be  headline  grabbers  as 
Michigan's  manchild  center  Chris  Weber 
and  Indiana's  soap-opera  script  season.  And 
it's  not  hard  to  see  why.  Duke's  team  is 
considered  the  ideal  for  big-time  sports: 
They  play  great  ball,  they  win  tournaments, 
they  graduate  players,  and  they  accomplish 
all  those  things,   according  to  laudatory 


"We  realized  there'd 

be  distractions,"  said 

Brian  Davis,  "and  that 

has  helped  us  to  focus." 


record  is  Coach  K's  refusal  to  hang  the 
1990    Final    Four    banner    in    Cameron 
Indoor  Stadium   until   all  of  the   team's 
seniors  have  earned  their  college 
degrees.  Coach  K's  insistence 
subsuming  basketball  glory  to 
academic  achievement  is 
tantamount — at     least 
in  the  minds  of  colum- 
nists and  sports-cast- 
ers who  continually 
evoke   it — to  god- 
liness in  college 
sports. 

Other    intangibles 
that  have  put  Duke  on 
the  media's  favorite- 
list  are  the  so-called 
"matinee-idol' 
good    looks    of 
star    center 
Laettner, 
the   all- 


Overtime  aftermath:  victory  over  Kentucky,  104-103,  with  no  seconds  to  spare,  above;  clockwise,  Junior 
Thomas  Hill,  Final  Four  Most  Outstanding  Player  Bobby  Hurley,  and  sophomore  Antonio  Lang 


writers  and  broadcasters,  without  bending 
a  rule.  In  a  season — maybe  a  whole  history 
of  college  hoops — littered  with  point- 
shaving  scandals,  recruiting  violations,  and 
athletes'  police  records,  the  Blue  Devils  were 
true  angels. 

The     anecdote     underscoring     Duke's 


American  childhood  story  of  point  guard 
Bobby  Hurley,  and  the  family-of-winners 
story  of  Grant  Hill  and  his  father  Calvin, 
who  was  a  superlative  National  Football 
League  running  back.  Thomas  Hill  and 
Brian  Davis  have  added  their  touches  of 
grace  and  style  to  the  ledger,  too. 


Journalists,  who  have  spent  a  lot  of  ink 
covering  the  transgressions  of  college  sports 
teams,  had  been  able  to  find  nothing  worse 
to  hang  on  the  angelic  Blue  Devils  than 
Hurley's  sour  face  after  referees'  calls  and  in 
the  time-out  huddles,  and  Laettner's  often 
scolding  words  for  his  teammates.  But  even 
those  minor  offenses,  duly  reported,  were 
transformed  into  Brownie  points  this  sea- 
son when  reporters  and  commentators  noted 
that  Hurley's  court  demeanor  had  im- 
proved and  that  Hurley  and  other  team 
members  had  confronted  Laettner,  asking 
him  to  soften  his  stance. 

It  has  only  been  recently 
that  the  immaculate  finish  the 
press  has  given  the  Blue  Dev- 
has  been  served  a  few 
nicks.  Rumors  that  had  been 
mere  whispers  on  Duke's 
campus  for  years — that  the 
team's  record-breaking 
center  Laettner  is  gay — 
reached  stunning  pro- 
portions just  before 
tournament  time. 
A  Sports  Illus- 
trated 
article 
that 
loaded 
kudos 
upon 
Laettner 
addressed  the 
issue,  too.  De- 
spite a  press 
conference  the 
week  before  the  Final  Four  when  the  play- 
er denied  the  rumor  he  was  gay,  the  issue 
continued  to  surface  in  articles  about  him 
and  in  the  everyday  sports-fan  chit-chat 
usually  reserved  for  discussing  game  strate- 
gies and  making  draft  predictions.  Even  in 
Minneapolis,  where  basketball  was  king  for 
four  days  running,  some  fans  of  opposing 
teams  wore  T-shirts  that  called  into  ques- 
tion Laettner's  sexual  preference. 

The  scuttlebutt  on  Laettner's  personal 
life  was  not  the  only  issue  to  blemish  the 
team's  media-appointed  luster.  The  big  man 
who  played  a  near  flawless  game  against 
Kentucky  in  the  Eastern  Regionals  was 
hounded  after  the  game  for  having  stepped 
on  the  chest  of  a  fallen  Kentucky  defender, 
apparently  on  purpose.  The  referees  called 
a  technical  foul,  but  many  others  cried  foul 
all  week  and  throughout  the  finals.  Some 
said  it  endeared  him  to  professional  teams 
who  saw  it  as  a  test  of  his  mettle.  Nastiness, 
they  said,  is  what  gets  big  white  guys  who 
went  to  exclusive  prep  schools  in  to  the  big 
leagues.  Other  observers — and  there  was 
no  shortage  of  them — said  that  Laettner 
was  too  cocky  for  his  own  good,  a  loose 
cannon  who  has  been  given  too  much  lee- 


18 


■  way  to  tell 
other  players 
to  back  off. 

As  for 

Laettner, 

|    he   said 

that 


he  didn't 
mind 
that    his 
nasty    side 
had  become 
the    part    of 
his  game  most 
focused  on  dur- 
ing   his    fourth 
straight      Final 
Four.  "I'd  rather  be 
very      competitive 
than    docile    on    the 
(  ||VA  court,"  he  told  reporters. 

'^^^^Tb  "My     teammates     have 

learned  to  enjoy  it  and 
Coach  K  demands  it." 

Attention  from  the 
media  is  all  part  of  the 
game,  especially  for  win- 
ners of  the  game,  the  coach 
has    said,    but    that    doesn't 
mean  his  team  ought  to  get  caught 
up  in  it.  At  the  beginning  of  the  season, 
Coach  K  announced  that  using  the  phrase 
"defending   national    champions,"    which 
was  a  favorite  way  for  the  press  to  describe 
the  Blue  Devils,  was  off-limits  for  his  team. 
(He  reasoned,  according  to  a  New  York 
Times  article  written  by  John  Feinstein 
77,  that  the  1992  team  was  different  and 
therefore  not  defending  anything.) 

And  while  always  accessible  to  the  media, 
Coach  K  has  displayed  time  and  again  his 
insistence  on  not  lending  too  much  weight 
to  what  kind  of  coverage  his  team  gets. 
Most  recently  during  a  press  conference  in 
Minneapolis  before  the  Indiana  game,  for 
example,  Coach  K  shrugged  off  questions 
from  reporters  about  how  Laettner  was 
being  portrayed  by  the  media.  He  said,  "I 
don't  know  all  the  stuff  that's  been  writ- 
ten. I've  been  watching  Indiana  tapes." 

His  answer  didn't  seem  to  surprise  the 
rows  of  reporters  in  the  press  room.  Focus, 
many  of  the  very  same  writers  had  written, 
is  how  the  Blue  Devils  had  managed  to  win 
basketball  games  amid  constant  press  prob- 
ing and  the  hoopla  created  by  adoring  fans. 
During  the  Final  Four,  the  players  stayed 
in  a  hotel  near  the  airport,  twenty  minutes 


from    downtown    Minneapolis,    so    they 
could  escape  the  flurry  of  the  weekend, 
which  included  festivities  for  the  50,000- 
plus  fans  who  held  tickets  for  the  games 
and  the  thousands  of  others  in  the  city 
interested  either  in  basketball  or  partying, 
or  both.  There  were  slam-dunk  contests, 
Dick  Vitale  sound-alike  contests,  tent  par- 
ties with  food,  music,  and  video  games, 
specials  at  many  neighborhood  bars,  pep 
rallies,    and    celebrity    watching    in 
hotel  lobbies.  But  when  the  Blue 
Devils   left  their  hotel  rooms, 
they  probably  headed  to  one 
of  two  places — the  Metro- 
dome,    were    they    ran 
practices  that  were  at- 
tended  by   thousands 
of  spectators,  or  The 
Original  Pancake 
House,  a  modest 
restaurant   in   a 
Minneapolis 
suburb  where,  accord- 
ing to  an  assistant  coach,  they  were  able  to 
relax  and  escape  the  star  treatment  that 
had  become  common.  ("Blue  Devil  wor- 
shipers follow  the  stars,"  proclaimed  one 
headline;  "Duke's  appeal  has  rock  star  pro- 
portions" shouted  another.) 

In  the  end,  the  star  treatment  didn't 
deflect  the  Devils  from  their  mission. 
The  day  before  his  team's  semi-final 
match-up  with  Indiana,  Laettner  told       is 
one  newspaper  that  it  was  perhaps 
good  to  reshape  Duke's  pretty-boy 
image.   "Probably   a   lot  of  people 
think  Duke  is  soft  and  not  as  physical 
as  the  Big  Ten,  all  that  junk.  But  if  I 
remember  correctly,  we've  won  a  lot  of 
games,  so  we  must  be  doing  something 
right." 


Blum  '87  is  an  assistant  editor 
with  The  Chronicle  of  Higher 
Education,  for  which  she  covered  the  Final  F< 
Minneapolis. 


A  SEASON 
UNSURPASSED 


BY  STEPHEN  NATHANS 

You  want  to  know  if  there's 
life  after  this  game?"  asked 
Trinity  freshman  Zach 
Miller,  shaking  his  head.  "For  the 
team?  For  this  campus?  Tell  me 
this:  Is  there  death  after  this 
game?" 

Immortality.  That  was 
the  message  transmitted 
as     the     bonfires — 


planned  and  unplanned — sent  smoke 
signals  spelling  out  "We're  Number  One — 
Twice"  into  the  April  midnight  sky.  Back- 
to-back  champions.  Wire-to-wire  top  rank- 
ings. An  East  Regional  Final  victory  called 
the  most  dramatic  in  NCAA  tournament 
history.  As  the  Duke  men's  basketball  team 
marched  into  Minneapolis  and  wrote  itself 
another  chapter  in  college  basketball  lore, 
the  significance  of  a  season  unsurpassed 
was  not  lost  on  the  team's  classmates  who 
kept  the  home  fires  burning  in  Durham. 

But  if  Monday  night  at  Duke  was  about 
immortality,  history  made,  and  achieve- 
ments without  parallel,  the  preceding  weeks, 
like  much  of  the  season,  had  been  fraught 
with  comparisons — and  not  all  of  them 
favorable.  The  prerogative  to  find  fault  with 
twenty-point  wins  and  criticize  victory  bon- 
fires is  a  luxury  that  comes  when  a  team 
defends  its  national  title  with  dominant 
play.  All  year,  media  critics  had  been  look- 
ing for  hubris  in  this  team:  the  unflinching 
cockiness,  the  self-satisfaction,  the  UNLV- 
style  black  shoes.  Back  in  Durham,  the 
coach  had  criticized  the  team  and  its  fans 
on  the  same  terms.  "We  need  to  be  a  lot 
hungrier,  both  as  a  team  and  a  university," 
he  told  the  press  after  an  embarrassingly 
narrow  victory  in  Cameron  over  Mary- 
land. "Success  like  this  doesn't  come  with- 
out hard  work.  Tonight  we  played  a  little 
spoiled  and  we  cheered  a  little  bit  spoiled." 
The  claim  that  Duke  basketball  had  lost 
its  urgency  was  not  without  its  merits.  The 
team's  victory  over  Indiana — observed  with 
home-game  like  frenzy  on  an  enormous 
television  in  a  packed  Ca- 
meron Indoor  Stadium — 
saw  its  freneticism  fizzle 
with  the  mellowest  post- 
game  bonfire  in  recent 
memory.  Students 
complained  bitterly 
that  the  bonfire, 
built  and  orches- 
trated by  admini- 
strative authority, 
lost  its  appeal 
without  sponta- 
neity. As  En- 
g  i  n  e  e  r  i  n  g 
sophomore 
Kevin  Hilton 
commented, 
"contrived  and 
fun  just  don't 
go  together." 


Students  were  equally  reflective  if  a  bit 
more  optimistic  in  the  tense  moments  pre- 
ceding Monday's  championship  game.  Many 
students  were  worried  that  the  drama  of  a 
national  championship  might  be  lost  on  the 
campus,  since  they  had  seen  it  all  before — 
in  five  straight  Final  Fours,  a  feat  un- 
equalled since  the  NCAA  Tournament  ex- 
panded to  a  sixty-four  team  field  in  1985. 

Assembled  in  Cameron  for  the  semifinals 
against  Indiana  was  a  crowd  well  aware  of  its 
past.  Before  the  game  began,  Billy  Packer's 
comment  on  the  1991  Final  Four  ran  across 
the  scoreboard:  "Greg  Koubek  is  the  first 
player  to  participate  in  four  Final  Fours — 
and  I  dare  say  he'll  be  the  last."  Following 
a  dramatic  pause,  three  huge  letters  beamed 
from  the  board:  "NOT!"  A  T-shirt  cele- 
brating Duke's  victory  in  the  East  Regional 
captured  the  phenomenon  of  Duke's  annu- 
al Final  Four  berth  best,  referring  to  the 
Big  Dance  as  "The  Duke  Invitational." 

"The  championship  does  seem  more  like 
'business  as  usual'  this  year,"  said  junior 
Conrad  Hall,  "but  there  is  also  the  sense 
that  we're  making  history,  and  that  adds  to 
the  excitement."  And  there  was  excitement 
in  Krzyzewskiville,  as  anyone  watching  the 
championship  game  on  CBS  could  tell.  The 
first  image  of  the  game  coverage,  which 


Duke  vs.  Kentucky  for 
the  Final  Four  (minutes) 


4:00 
3:42 


Kentucky's  Pelphrey  hits  a 
3-pointer  from  the  top  of  the  key 


Pelphrey  and  Brian  Davis, 

both  with  4  fouls,  collide;  charge. 

Davis  is  gone 


With  offensive  rebound  from 
Grant  Hill,  Hurley  makes  3-pointer 
seconds  after  missing  one 


2:17 
1:53 


Pelphrey  drives,  scores  in  traffic 


Laettner  draws  Mashbun 
foul,  hits  free  throws 


Kentucky's  Woods  shoots  over 
Hurley,  misses;  Laettner  rebounds 


54.5 
31.5 


Laettner  shoots  over  Mashbum, 
barely  beating  45-second  clock 


Mashbum  hits  driving  layup,  101-100 

fouled  by  Lang,  hits  free  throw 


19.6 
14.1 


Mashbum  fouls  out;  101-102 

Laettner  again  hits  both  free  throws 


Woods  banks  in  foul-line 
jumper  over  Laettner 


After  catching  Grant  Hill's  103-104 

80-foot  pass,  Laettner  dribbles, 
fakes,  scores  with  a  17-footer 


Source:  The  blew  York  Times 


Fire  and  reign:  fanning  victories  flames  on  campus,  above;  legendary  Chr, 
Everything,  below 


Laettner,  Most  Valuable 


began  shortly  before  the  9:22  EST  tipoff, 
showed  Duke's  Cameron  Crazies  in  full 
flower,  assembled  to  stand  up  and  scream 
for  their  team  as  if  the  game  were 
being  played  in  Durham. 

Showing  the  game  on  a 
giant  seventeen-by-twenty- 
two  foot  screen,  the  ath- 
letics  department    invited 
the  entire  student  body — 
and  only  a  select  few  oth- 
ers— to  add  to  both  Final 
Four  spectacles  the  magical  at- 
mosphere  of  a   Duke   home 
game.   The  Cameron  scene 
had  an  aura  of  "virtual  reali- 
ty." The  students  revived 
their  chanting  and  heck- 
ling routines  as  if  the  big 
screen  not  only  brought      \ 
the  game  to  them,   but 
transported  them  to  Mi- 
nneapolis as  well.  Fresh- 
man and  sophomore  mem- 
bers of  Duke's  pep  band 
completed     the     picture 
with    spirited    renditions 
of  "Devil  with  the  Blue 
Dress"  during  timeouts. 

As  the  championship 
game  drew  to  a  close 
with  victory  assured, 
Devilirium  gave  way  to 
pure  delirium:  Cameron 
was  bedlam.  The  mixture 
of  exultation  and  confu- 
sion carried  over  into  the 
"planned"   bonfire,   pre- 
pared and  monitored  by 
Duke  Public  Safety.  Some 
students  chose  to  augment 
the  flames  with  a  metal 
grandstand  from  the  ten- 
nis courts   (inspiring  the 
chant  "Metal  doesn't  bum!"). 


The  celebration  gradually  rolled  on  to  a 
fire  no  one  could  snub,  a  spontaneous,  un- 
authorized, clock-tower  quad  bonfire  that 
raged  into  the  night  with  the  sacrifice 
of  bench    after   bench.    After    the 
papered    trees,    the    fire 
walkers,   and  the  media 
hounds  crowding  around 
local  news  cameras  for 
one  last  chance  to  meet 
the  press,  students  were 
left  with  the  knowledge 
that  they  had  been  part 
of  something,  as  senior 
co-captain  Brian  Davis 
would  remark  at  the 
team's  Tuesday  home- 
coming, that  in  the 
realm  of  ordinary 
experience  "just 
doesn't  happen." 
Many  of  the 
Cameron 
Crazies  found 
themselves  in  a 
strange  state  for 
a  group  known 
so    widely — and 
justifiably — for 
its  articulateness 
and  wit:  satisfied 
and  speechless. 
Staring   into   the 
face  of  destiny,  dy- 
nasty, and  immor- 
tality, junior  Dan 
Dressier  put  it  this 
way:  "I  wish  I  could 
think  of  something  in- 
credible  to  say — but 
this  is  too  incredible 
already." 


GETTING  GRADED 
BY  GRADUATES 


Graduates  of  the  Class  of  1991  issued 
the  lowest  grades  since  the  Duke 
Alumni  Association  first  circulated 
the  Duke  Experience  Survey  in  1985.  None- 
theless, 93.5  percent,  the  highest  percent- 
age since  1987,  said  they  would  attend 
Duke  again. 

The  survey  drew  responses  from  548  fresh 
Trinity  and  Engineering  graduates  on  topics 
related  to  academic  and  residential  life  and 
a  variety  of  the  services  and  facilities  Duke 
provides.  They  rated  their  "overall  Duke 
experience"  an  average  of  7.84  on  a  10-point 
scale,  down  from  8.24  last  year.  The  decrease 
marked  Duke's  fourth  consecutive  drop  in 
the  opinion  of  its  newest  graduates. 

The  survey  results  also  continued  a  four- 
year  downswing  in  perceived  academic  pres- 
sure at  Duke.  Like  other  classes,  the  Class 
of  '91  imposed  more  academic  pressure  on 
itself  than  it  felt  from  other  directions,  such 
as  peers,  parents,  and  faculty.  Most  respon- 
dents indicated  a  very  manageable  work- 
load, rating  it  at  6.85,  about  the  same  as 
preceding  classes,  and  estimated  their  study 
time  between  eleven  and  thirty  hours  per 
week. 

Forty-four  percent  of  the  surveyed  group 
managed  to  devote  eleven  to  twenty  hours 
each  week  to  extracurricular  activities.  More 
students  than  ever  gave  time  to  community 
service  and  volunteer  work,  about  two- 
thirds  through  Duke  organizations  and  the 
rest  on  their  own  initiatives. 

Some  remaining  hours  were  spent  par- 
ticipating in  club  sports  and  Duke's  Greek 
system,  although  both  those  activities  drew 
their  lowest  ratings  in  years.  Duke's  social 
atmosphere  also  registered  an  all-time  low; 
at  the  same  time,  the  survey  registered  a 
decline  in  alcohol  and  drug  use — along 
with  considerable  discontent  over  Duke's 
more  stringent  noise  and  alcohol  policies. 
Student  government  (ASDU)  did  not  seem 
to  offer  much  comfort  there;  as  a  reflection 
of  student  opinion  and  an  influence  on  ad- 
ministrative policy,  the  organization  con- 
tinued a  pattern  of  decline  now  several 
years  old. 


Results  of  the  "Duke  experience' 
rated  by  Class  of  1991 

(On  scale  of  1  to  10) 


CAREER  PREPARATION 

'                                  i 

s 

ABILITY  TO  THINK 

KNOWLEDGE  OF  SELF 

1 

i::':::i;  :::::::,:>  i;ttshhhhhhi 

Overall  "Duke  experience" 
rated  by  last  seven  classes 

(On  scale  of  l  to  10) 


Other  aspects  of  student  life  taking  across- 
the-board  plunges  were  cultural  events  of- 
fered at  Duke.  The  most  popular  remain 
Freewater  Films,  Quad  Flix,  Springfest,  and 
the  Major  Speakers  series.  Living  arrange- 
ment ratings  may  at  best  be  said  to  be  bot- 
toming out;  only  senior  housing  escaped  its 
harshest  assessment  to  date.  Freshman  hous- 
ing rated  a  low  5.43  out  of  10.  House  inter- 
action scored  5.28,  also  an  all-time  low. 
Living  group  activities  held  in  relatively 
high  regard  include  intramurals,  house 
courses,  and  organized  study  breaks. 


Among  Duke's  various  dining  facilities, 
as  in  previous  years,  the  Oak  Room,  Mag- 
nolia Room,  and  Pub  ranked  highest  for 
food  quality  and  service.  The  U-Room  and 
the  Blue  and  White  Room  also  sustained 
their  long-time  popularity,  much  as  the 
Boyd-Pishko  Cafe  and  Pizza  Devil  delivery 
service  held  onto  their  perennial  cellar- 
dwelling  status.  Pizza  Devil,  which  scored 
3.5  out  of  10  this  year,  has  rated  progres- 
sively lower  with  each  class  surveyed. 

The  major  innovation  of  this  year's  Duke 
Experience  Survey  is  its  expanded  section 

U 


on  career  guidance.  Seventy-five  percent 
said  they  looked  to  the  Career  Develop- 
ment Center  for  career  information  and  ad- 
vice and  job  hunting  skills.  The  center  did 
not,  though,  rank  among  the  handiest 
sources  of  career  advice.  Most  helpful  were 
"parents/relatives/friends,"  a  category  that 
scored  6.58  out  of  10;  summer  jobs  and 
internships,  along  with  faculty  advisers, 
rated  nearly  as  high. 

While  Duke's  role  in  preparing  students 
for  specific  careers  drew  a  score  of  only  4-35 
out  of  10,  "ability  to  think"  ranked  7.48;  and 
making  the  graduate  "a  more  informed,  ac- 
tive, and  responsible  person"  ranked  7.05. 
All  of  those  scores  were  marginally  lower 
than  in  past  surveys.  Duke's  newest  gradu- 
ates rated  the  final  component  of  their  un- 
dergraduate experience,  earning  their  di- 
ploma, at  6.67  as  a  necessary  stepping- 
stone  to  "social  advancement  and  possible 
employment." 


CULTURED 
CLUBS 


From  Shakespeare  plays  in  Georgia 
to  Etruscan  art  in  Tennessee,  cultural 
events  continue  to  be  popular 
with  Duke  club  members.  Theatrical 
premieres,  dance  performances,  special 
museum  exhibitions,  and  even  wine- 
tastings  cause  alumni  around  the  coun- 
try to  congregate. 

Last  June,  fifty  Atlanta  alumni  gath- 
ered at  the  Georgia  Shakespeare  Festi- 
val for  a  performance  of  The  Three 
Musketeers.  During  their  picnic  din- 
ners, guests  were  treated  to  strolling 
minstrels  before  viewing  the  play  safe 
from  the  rain  inside  a  circus  tent.  This 
June,  nearly  200  alumni  from  Atlantic 
Coast  Conference  schools,  including 
Duke,  will  gather  under  the  Big  Top 
for  Love's  Labor  Lost. 

The  touring  company  of  The  Phantom  of 
the  Opera  is  still  a  big  draw  for  club-related 
events.  Duke  in  Atlanta's  Nancy  Jordan 
Ham  '82  helped  orchestrate  a  Phantom  gala 
attended  by  300  last  October.  Lucky  ticket 
holders  indulged  in  a  pre-curtain  buffet  and 
a  post-curtain  reception  attended  by  the 
Phantom  himself,  Duke's  Kevin  Gray  '80. 

The  Phantom  scored  again  in  Denver, 
when  nearly  150  alumni  joined  Duke  Club 
of  Denver  president  Mark  Kaplan  '79  for  a 
performance.  Dave  Simon  '88  and  Duke 
Club  of  Philadelphia  president  Amanda 
Blumenthal  '87  organized  an  evening  for 
200  to  see  Gray's  interpretation  in  the  City 
of  Brotherly  Love;  a  pre-theater  buffet  was 
held  in  a  nearby  restaurant.  Duke  Club  of 
Boston  president  Jeff  Davis  '80  and  Peter 


Johns  '76  have  planned  a  Phantom  extrava- 
ganza for  next  October,  a  black-tie  affair 
and  dinner  at  Boston's  Stage  Deli. 

The  play  was  again  the  thing  when  Duke 
author  and  professor  Reynolds  Price  '55 
attended  the  Southeastern  premiere  of  his 
play  Full  Moon  Rising  at  Atlanta's  Horizon 
Theater  in  February.  The  special  perfor- 
mance was  for  Atlanta  alumni  only  and 
was  arranged  by  Jessica  Richards  Linden 
'62,  who  serves  on  the  Horizon's  board. 

In  New  York,  Price  and  Pulitzer  Prize- 
winning  author  William  Styron  '47  joined 
area  alumni  last  November  at  an  exclusive 
performance  of  Price's  play  Night  Dance. 
Duke  University  Metropolitan  Alumni 
Association  (DUMAA)  provided  post-per- 
formance refreshments  at  a  wine-and-cheese 
reception.  Earlier  that  month,  DUMAA 
members  had  been  entertained  by  The  Real 
Brady  Bunch,  a  stage  re-creation  of 
episodes  from  the  long-running  TV  sit- 
com; Louise  Harri- 

son  Ward  '87  made        ^^^^^^^^^^m 

the   arrangements. 

For   the   holidays, 

DUMAA  members 

Kimberly  Carlson 

'87    and    Lynne 

Cohen  Wolitzer  '87 

arranged  tickets  for 


flMANS 


members  to  see  the 
Vienna  Boys  Choir 
at  Carnegie  Hall 
and  The  Nutcracker  at  Lincoln  Center  in 
December. 

This  spring,  DUMAA's  Louis  Harrison 
Ward  '87,  working  with  DUMAA  presi- 
dent Patricia  Dempsey  '80,  will  have  club 
members  Broadway  bound  with  blocks  of 
tickets  for  The  Secret  Garden  and  A  Street- 
car Named  Desire.  Alumni  will  also  get  the 
chance  to  see  the  work  of  Duke  professor 
and  playwright  Ariel  Dorfman:  Death  and 
the  Maiden,  starring  Glenn  Close,  Richard 
Dreyfuss,  and  Gene  Hackman,  and  direct- 
ed by  Mike  Nichols.  Following  the  perfor- 
mance, Dorfman  will  discuss  the  play  over 
dessert  and  coffee  at  Sardi's. 

Pilobolus,  the  dance  company  that  breaks 
attendance  records  each  summer  at  The 
American  Dance  Festival  on  Duke's  cam- 
pus, sold  out  an  Atlanta  performance  spon- 


sored by  Dancer's  Collective,  Inc.,  whose 
director  is  Joanne  McGhee  '48.  Nancy 
Harrington  White  '84  and  Nancy  Jordan 
Ham  '82  coordinated  tickets  for  the  fifty 
Duke  Club  of  Atlanta  members  attending. 
Duke  Club  of  St.  Louis  president  Carol 
Robert  Armstrong  '63,  Harold  Flowers  '38, 
and  Carol  Dyer  Carlson  '60  invited  club 
members  to  attend  The  Sleep  of  Reason  and 
to  join  them  for  dessert.  Another  evening 
of  theater  will  be  offered  when  Harvey  hits 
the  boards. 

Even  an  evening  of  opera  is  made  avail- 
able to  club  participants,  thanks  to  Michael 
Ching  '80,  assistant  to  the  Virginia  Opera's 
director.  The  Duke  Club  of  Richmond  cele- 
brated an  evening  of  operatic  ghost  stories 
at  a  performance  of  Ching's  Cue  67  and 
Menotti's  The  Medium.  Club  president 
Nate  Ferguson  '67,  Sarah  Wendt  '72,  and 
Nancy  Leathers  '79  organized  the  event. 
Gallery  tours  are  more  specialized  events 
that  sometimes  offer 
club  members  an  ex- 
clusive first  look.  Duke 
Club  of  Memphis 
members  joined  Van- 
derbilt  alumni  at  the 
Memphis  Pink  Palace 
Museum  to  view  an 
Etruscan  exhibit  and, 
less  than  two  weeks 
later,  an  Ottoman  Em- 
pire exhibit,  presented 
by  the  city  of  Mem- 
phis and  the  Republic 
of  Turkey.  Bryan  Sim- 
mons '72  arranged  the 
two  evenings  of  history 
and  art,  followed  by 
alumni  receptions. 

The  Duke  Club  of 
Boston  sponsored  a 
lecture  and  guided 
tour  of  the  Museum  of  Fine  Arts'  exhibit 
of  Matisse,  Picasso,  and  Impressionist  mas- 
ters from  the  Cone  Collection.  Amanda 
Calder  '83  arranged  the  tour  and  recep- 
tion. Duke  Club  of  Kansas  City  president 
Dawn  Taylor  '89  and  Jeff  Brick  '66  set  up  a 
walkabout  at  the  Johnson  County  Com- 
munity College's  gallery,  well  known  for 
its  contemporary  American  art. 

Refining  one's  taste  for  the  grape  is  an 
art  in  itself,  and  Duke  clubs  are  doing  their 
part  with  wine-tastings.  Marcy  Mann  Mar- 
tin '84  and  Duke  Club  of  Dallas  president 
Michelle  Neuhoff  Thomas  '87  arranged  an 
evening  of  wines,  cheeses,  fruits,  breads, 
and  pates  for  educating  the  palette.  And  a 
sampling  from  California  and  Washington 
vineyards  was  made  available  to  members 
of  the  Duke  Club  of  Tampa/St.  Petersburg. 
Club  president  Barry  Schneirov  '85  was 
host  for  an  event  that  included  salmon, 
tarts,  fruits,  and  cheeses. 


CLASS 
NOTES 


WRITE:  Class  Notes  Editor,  Duke  Magazine, 
614  Chapel  Drive,  Durham,  N.C.  27706 


CHANCE  OF  ADDRESS:  Alumni  Records, 
614  Chapel  Drive  Annex,  Durham,  N.C.  27706. 
Please  include  mailing  label  and  allow  six  weeks. 


NOTICE:  Because  of  the  volume  of 
class  note  material  we  receive  and  the 
long  lead  time  required  for  typesetting, 
design,  and  printing,  your  submission 
may  not  appear  for  three  to  four  issues. 
Alumni  are  urged  to  include  spouses' 
names  in  marriage  and  birth  announce- 
ments. We  do  not  record  engagements. 


30s,  40s  &  50s 


Lionel  W.  McKenzie  '39  was  awarded  an  hon- 
orary law  degree  from  the  University  of  Chicago  at  its 
centennial  celebration  in  October.  He  studied  at 
Chicago  from  1950  to  1951,  taught  economics  at  Duke 
from  1948  to  1957,  and  is  the  Wilson  Professor  of 
Economics  emeritus  at  the  University  of  Rochester. 

James  A.  Gerrow  M.Ed.  '40  was  re-elected  to 
his  third  term  as  mayor  of  Burlington,  N.C. 

Mary  Deshon  Berg  '42  retired  on  Dec.  31  as 
executive  director  after  20  years  at  Senior  Citizens 
Services  Inc.  She,  her  husband,  Mervin,  and  her  two 
daughters  live  in  Mobile,  Ala. 


C.  Shivers  '42,  A.M.  '43,  Ph.D.  '47,  a 
33-year  researcher  in  DuPont  Pioneering  Laborato- 
ries, was  mentioned  in  a  Sports  Illustrated  article  as 
the  inventor  of  Lycta  Spandex.  He  and  his  wife, 
Margaret  Warren  Shivers  '44,  A.M.  '45,  are 
retired  and  live  in  West  Chester,  Pa. 


Townsend  '42  received  an 
honorary  doctorate  from  Dowling  College  in  Oakdale, 
Long  Island,  N.Y.  She  is  secretary  of  the  college's 
board  of  trustees  and  the  publisher  of  Long  Island  Busi- 
ness News.  She  and  her  husband,  Paul,  live  in  Floral 
Park,  N.Y. 

Edgar  S.  Marks  '43  retired  last  September  after 
43  years  of  medical  practice  in  Greensboro,  N.C, 
where  he  and  his  wife,  Annemarie,  live. 


Jack  H.  Quaritius  '48  was  elected  to  Koger 
Equity,  Inc.'s  board  of  directors.  He  is  the  retired  pres- 
ident and  CEO  of  McM  Corp.,  and  former  dean  of  the 
college  of  business  at  Jacksonville  University  in  Horida. 
He  lives  in  Orange  Park,  Fla. 

A.  Hampton  Frady  Jr.  '50  represented  Duke  in 
April  at  the  installation  of  the  chancellor  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  North  Carolina  at  Asheville. 

Frances  Adams  "Parkie"  Blaylock  '53  was 

a  featured  artist  at  The  Gift  of  Art  studio  in  Potomac, 
Md.,  in  November  and  December. 

James  F.  Glenn  M.D.  '53  was  elected  president 
of  the  International  Society  of  Urology.  He  chairs 
New  York's  Council  for  Tobacco  Research,  is  execu- 
tive director  of  the  Markey  Cancer  Center  at  the 
University  of  Kentucky  in  Lexington,  and  is  professor 
of  surgery  at  the  university's  college  of  medicine. 

Fred  White  M.F.  '53  was  elected  to  a  three-year 
term  on  N.C.  Forestry's  board  of  directors.  A  former 
professor  at  Duke,  he  lives  in  Durham. 


OUTLOOK  ON  LATVIA 


Ingrid  Zarins 
Muiznieks  didn't  fit 
the  profile  of  a  typi- 
cal first-year  student 
when  she  came  to  cam- 
pus. By  the  time  she 
arrived  in  Durham, 
Muiznieks  '56  had  al- 
ready fled  her  native 
country  and  spent  time 
in  a  German  post-war 
displaced  person's  camp. 
But  the  Latvian  immi- 
grant soon  adapted  to 
the  American  under- 
graduate lifestyle,  join- 
ing Delta  Delta  Gamma 
sorority,  meeting  such 
renowned  visiting  artists 
as  e.e.  cummings,  and 
immersing  herself  in 
humanities  courses. 

"1  was  overwhelmed," 
remembers  Muiznieks 
(pronounced  MUSE- 
NIX).  "Most  of  my 
friends  had  gone  to 
school  in  New  York 
City,  where  you  attend 
class  and  then  leave 
afterward.  At  Duke, 
you  live  in  dorms  and 
really  feel  what  college 
life  is  all  about.  I  made 
friends  right  away." 

Muiznieks  switched 
from  a  languages  major 
to  art  history  upon 
learning  that  employees 
of  the  United  Nations 
(where  she  wanted  to 
work  as  an  interpreter) 
had  to  have  been  U.S. 
citizens  for  at  least  ten 
years.  Later,  the  Phi 
Beta  Kappa  alumna 
would  plan  her  Euro- 
pean travels  based  on  a 
city's  medieval  architec- 
ture offerings,  report- 
ing back  to  her  Duke 
professors  what  she 
had  seen. 

During  her  master's 
work  at  the  New  York 
Institute  of  Fine  Arts, 


she  met  a  young  medi- 
cal student  and  fel- 
low Latvian,  Ansis 
Muiznieks.  The  couple 
married  and  had  three 
children.  As  the  Cold 
War  thawed,  political 
developments  in  Latvia 
increased  opportunities 
for  the  family  to  re- 
establish roots  in  their 
homeland.  During  the 
Baltic  republic's  strug- 
gle for  independence, 
the  couple's  California 
home  became  a  haven 
for  fellow  Latvians. 

"My  house  has  be- 
come something  of  a 
hotel,"  says  Muiznieks. 
"The  first  visitors  to 
come  were  actors, 
musicians,  and  direc- 
tors. So  now  when  I  go 
to  Latvia,  I  get  tickets  to 
theater  receptions,  and 
there's  always  coffee  or 
cognac  backstage  for 
me.  Everyone  wants  to 
repay  us.  We  have  also 


entertained  government 
representatives — the 
Minister  of  Culture  will 
be  here  next  month — 
and  taken  in  many 
Latvian  doctors." 

Muiznieks'  involve- 
ment extends  beyond 
mere  hospitality.  She 
helped  launch  the  Lat- 
vian American  Eye 
Association,  which 
sends  medical  supplies 


All  quiet  on  the  eastern  fron 
and  family 


Muiznieks,  right, 


and  equipment  and 
coordinates  training 
opportunities  between 
American  and  Latvian 
ophthalmologists.  And 
through  the  Cultural 
Foundation  in  Latvia, 
Muiznieks  collects 
books  and  arts  supplies 
to  send  abroad. 

Last  year,  as  the  re- 
public agitated  to  free 
itself  from  the  Soviet 
Union,  Muiznieks'  son, 
Nils,  interviewed  the 
leaders  of  the  move- 
ment for  his  disserta- 
tion. "He  would  bring 
home  tapes  of  their  con- 
versations about  how 
the  Soviet  Union  was 
falling  apart  and  how 
the  Latvian  popular 
front  movement  began. 
And  they  were  saying, 
'My  God,  no  one  has 
ever  asked  us  these 
questions.'  " 

Coincidentally, 
Muiznieks  left  Latvia 
five  days  before  the 
failed  coup  against 
Gorbachev;  Nils  left 
the  day  before  it  oc- 
curred. Since  then, 
says  Muiznieks,  "I 
have  never  been  busier 
in  my  life." 


P.J.  "Jack"  Baugh  '54,  chair  of  Duke's  board  of 
trustees,  was  named  an  honorary  member  of  the 
Golden  Key  National  Honor  Society  in  October. 

Gary  S.  Stein  '54,  J.D.  '56  was  nominated  by  Gov. 
Jim  Florio  for  a  tenured  seat  on  New  Jersey's  highest 
court.  He  wrote  the  N.J.  Supreme  Court's  majority 
opinion  in  the  death  penalty  case  of  Robert  Marshall, 
which  was  turned  into  the  best  seller  Blind  Faith  and 
was  the  subject  of  a  made-for-television  movie.  He, 
his  wife,  Et,  and  their  five  children  live  in  Upper  Sad- 
dle River,  N.J. 


B.S.N.  '57  is  the  attorney 
adviser  and  research  specialist  for  the  Federal  Avia- 
tion Administration  in  Washington,  D.C  She  is  also 


a  member  of  the  Lawyers  Pilot  Bar  Association  and 
the  National  Aviation  Association. 


M.F.  '57,  assistant  director  of  the 
U.S.  Forestry  Service,  Southeastern  Forest  Experi- 
ment Station  in  Asheville,  N.C,  retired  in  January 
after  33  years.  He  researches  economics  and  policy  in 
natural  resource  management. 

D.  Moody  Smith  B.D.  '57,  George  Washington 
Ivey  Professor  at  Duke's  Divinity  School,  is  the  author 
of  First,  Second,  and  Third  John,  published  by  WJK 
Press.  The  book  is  the  latest  volume  in  the  series 


Interpretari 
Preaching, 


:  A  Bible  Commentary  (or  Teaching  and 


James  E.  Moore  '58,  J.D.  '61  became  a  justice  of 
South  Carolina's  Supreme  Court  through  succession 
in  December,  after  15  years  as  a  circuit  judge. 

George  Jackson  Ratcliffe  Jr.  '58  is  chairman 
of  the  board,  president,  and  CEO  of  Hubbell,  Inc.,  of 
Orange,  Conn. 

Harold  L.  "Spike"  Yoh  Jr.  B.S.M.E.  '58  re 
ceived  the  1992  William  Penn  Award  from  the  Greater 
Philadelphia  Chamber  of  Commerce.  A  Duke  trustee, 
he  is  chairman  of  the  board,  president,  and  CEO  of 
Day  &  Zimmermann,  Inc. 

MARRIAGES:  John  F.  Anderson  '43  to  Judith 
Meade  Ruffin  Simpson  in  June.  Residence:  Win- 
chester, Va....  Fred  Smith  Gachet  '53  to 
Shirley  Ann  Fox  on  Sept.  14.  Residence:  Hickory, 
N.C....  Patricia  Page  Adcock  '57  to  John 
Leslie  on  Dec.  22.  Residence:  Clearwater,  Fla. 


60s 


Claudine  Fields  Carlton  '60  received  a  Teacher 
of  Excellence  award  from  Wooster  College  in  Novem- 
ber. She  has  taught  chemistry  and  physics  for  22  years 
at  Oberlin  High  School  in  Oberlin,  Ohio. 

Fred  R.  Erisman  A.M.  '60  received  a  1991 
Burlington  Northern  Faculty  Achievement  Award. 
He  is  Lorraine  Sherley  Professor  of  Literature  at  Texas 
Christian  University. 

William  E.  Miller  II  '60  purchased  Placticard 
Products  with  a  business  associate  in  Arden,  N.C. 
They  formed  a  research  and  development  subsidiary 
to  develop  new  mini-computer  entry  technology. 

O.  Whitfield  Broome  Jr.  '62  was  appointed  the 
Frank  S.  Kaulback  Jr.  Professor  of  Commerce  at  the 
University  of  Virginia.  A  member  of  the  accounting 
faculty  since  1967,  he  is  also  director  of  graduate 
studie 


Jones  Ph.D.  '62,  a  professor  at  Eastern 
Michigan  University,  received  second  prize  in  the  1991 
Roon  Foundation  Awards  competition,  sponsored  by 
the  Coating  Industry  Education  Fund.  He  was  recog- 
nized as  co-author  of  the  paper  "Possible  Reaction 
Pathways  for  Self-Condensation  of  Melamine  Resins; 
Reversibility  of  Methyline  Bridge  Formation." 


W.  Barker  French  '63,  a  past  president  of  the  Duke 
Alumni  Association,  represented  Duke  in  February  at 
the  inauguration  of  the  president  of  the  University  of 
Pittsburgh. 

Stanley  M.  Gentry  '63  has  been  named  agency 
manager  of  the  Equitable  Life  Insurance  Society  in 
Raleigh,  N.C. 

Joseph  W.  MOSS  '63  has  become  a  fellow  of  the 
American  College  of  Trial  Lawyers.  He  is  a  partner  in 
the  Greensboro  law  firm  Adams  Kleemeier  Hagan 
Hannah  &  Fouts,  specializing  in  civil  litigation. 

J.  Neiland  Pennington  '63  was  a  judge  of  the 

International  Magnesium  Student  Design  Contest. 
He  is  the  senior  editor  of  Modem  Metals  Magazine  in 
Chicago. 

Mary  Willis  Walker  '64  is  the  author  of  Zero  At 
The  Bone,  her  first  mystery  novel,  published  by  St. 
Martin's  Press  in  December.  She  and  her  husband, 
Edward,  have  two  daughters  and  live  in  Austin,  Texas. 

Larry  R.  Brannock  '65  is  vice  president  for 

materials  management  and  an  executive  committee 
member  at  Sandoz  Chemicals  Co.  He  will  oversee  the 
firm's  purchasing,  production  and  inventory  planning, 
customer  service,  warehousing,  and  transportation 
functions.  He  lives  in  Gastonia,  N.C. 


Raymond  A.  McGeary  LL.B.  '65  is  director  of 
development  at  the  Dickinson  School  of  Law  in 
Carlisle,  Pa. 

John  O.  Woods  Jr.  M.S.  '66  attended  a  White 
House  ceremony  commemorating  the  Vietnam  Veter- 
ans Memorial  Fund's  efforts.  He  is  on  the  board  of 
directors  for  the  Vietnam  Veterans  Memorial  Fund 
and  is  vice-president/treasurer  of  Professional  Struc- 
tural Engineer  in  Alexandria,  Va. 

John  Hannon  '67  was  named  president  of  Pruden- 
tial Affiliated  Investors.  He  is  a  member  of  the  North- 
em  New  Jersey  development  council  for  Duke  and 
lives  in  Roseland,  N.J. 

Caroline  John  '67  was  promoted  to  group  vice 
president  of  Atlanta's  Cox  Newspapers,  overseeing 
11  of  Cox's  17  daily  newspapers.  She  worked  for  the 
Duke  Alumni  Register  before  joining  Cox  in  1974  as 
marketing  manager  for  Trie  Atlanta  Journal  and  Trie 
Atlanta  Constitution. 

Marsha  P.  Anderson  '68  joined  the  state  of 

Hawaii's  Department  of  Business,  Economic  Develop- 
ment, and  Tourism  as  communications  director, 
heading  the  communications  and  publications  office 
in  Honolulu. 

Pender  M.  Carter  '68,  manager  of  public  rela- 
tions for  the  Institute  of  Electrical  and  Electronics 
Engineers  in  Washington,  D.C.,  received  a  Golden 
Award  for  Excellence  from  the  International  Public 
Relations  Association. 

Charles  Clotfelter  '69  is  the  author  of  Economic 
Challenges  in  Higher  Education,  published  in  January. 
He  is  a  professor  of  public  policy  studies  and 
economics  at  Duke. 

W.  James  Foland  '69  was  elected  president  of 
the  Missouri  Organization  of  Defense  Lawyers  for  the 
1991-92  year.  He  is  the  author  of  "Product  Liability," 
published  in  the  second  edition  of  Missouri  Tort  Law. 

Bert  E.  Park  '69  is  the  author  of  Catastrophic  Illness 
and  the  Family,  published  by  The  Christopher  Publish- 
ing House.  He  is  a  practicing  neurosurgeon  and  chairs 
the  neurology-neurosurgery  section  at  a  Springfield, 
Mo.,  hospital. 

Margaret  Lieb  Zalon  B.S.N.  '69  received  a  grant 
from  the  American  Nurses  Foundation  and  was  named 
the  1991  Wallerstein  Foundation  for  Geriatric  Support 
Scholar  for  a  research  study  "Pain  in  Frail,  Elderly 
Women  After  Surgery."  She  was  also  named  the  direc- 
tot  of  the  RN-BSN  track  at  the  University  of  Scranton 
in  Pennsylvania,  where  she  is  an  assistant  professor. 


MARRIAGES:  Agnes  Ellis  Barton  '63  to  Edgar 
Danciger  on  Dec.  27.  Residence:  Jacksonville,  Fla. 


70s 


John  A.  Diffey  '70  is  president  of  Kendal  Corp., 
a  nonprofit  retirement  care  organization  in  Kennet 
Square,  Pa. 

L.  Andrew  Koman  '70,  M.D.  '74  was  named 
editor  of  the  Journal  of  the  Southern  Orthopedic  Associa- 
tion. He  is  a  professor  of  orthopedic  surgery  at  Wake 
Forest  University's  Bowman  Gray  School  of  Medicine. 

He  and  his  wife,  Leigh  Emerson  Koman  71, 

have  two  children  and  live  in  Winston-Salem. 

John  Bowers  '71,  a  professor  of  English  at  the 
University  of  Nevada,  Las  Vegas,  has  had  his  second 
book,  The  Canterbury  Tales:  I5th-Century  Continua- 
tions and  Additions,  published. 

Martha  A.  Crunkleton  '71  is  vice  president  for 
academic  affairs  at  Bates  College  in  Lewiston,  Maine. 
She  is  also  a  Kellogg  Foundation  Fellow. 


Lydia  Eure  Barker  '72  earned  her  J.D.  from 
Georgia  State  University  last  year.  She  practices  law 
with  Wilson,  Strickland  6k  Benson  in  Atlanta.  Her 
husband,  Steven  R.  Barker  '72,  earned  his  M.D. 
in  1976  from  St.  Louis  University's  medical  school 
and  completed  residencies  in  family  practice  and 
obstetrics  and  gynecology.  They  have  two  children 
and  live  in  Marietta,  Ga. 

Robert  S.  West  '72  was  promoted  to  senior  vice 
president  in  fixed  income  sales  at  Kidder  Peabody  and 
Co.,  Inc.,  in  Chicago.  He  and  his  wife,  Yael,  have  two 
children  and  live  in  Northbrook,  111. 

Frances  Johnson  Wright  '72  is  a  senior  attor- 
ney at  Page  6k  Addison  in  Dallas.  Het  article  "Judicial 
Caesarism  Revisited"  appeared  in  Texas  Lawyer. 

John  S.  Black  J.D.  '73  is  president-elect  of  the 
Missouri  Bar.  He  is  a  partnet  with  Swanson,  Midgley, 
Gangwere,  Clarke  6k  Kitchin,  in  Kansas  City,  practic- 
ing business  law,  sports  law,  and  civil  litigation. 

Donald  H.  Brobst  J.D.  '73,  a  partner  at  Rosenn, 
Jenkins,  6k  Greenwald  in  Wilkes-Barre,  Pa.,  addressed 
the  Speech  Communication  Association's  annual 
meeting  in  Atlanta.  He  also  presented  a  paper  at  the 
First  Amendment  Forum  on  the  "political  correct- 
ness" movement  on  the  nation's  college  campuses. 

Gene  Ferreri  '73  is  an  attorney  with  the  benefits 
consulting  firm  of  Findley,  Davies,  and  Co.  His  wife, 
Lyn  Barlow  Ferreri  '73,  teaches  in  the 
ing  department  at  UNC-Chatlotte.  They  live  in 
Charlotte. 


'73  is  a  National  Endowment 
for  the  Humanities  fellow,  researching  business  regu- 
lation and  the  Constitution.  He  is  an  associate  profes- 
sor of  political  science  and  public  policy  at  Rutgers 
University.  He  lives  in  Voorhees,  N.J. 

Dan  Kincaid  M.F.  73  was  a  1991  Fellow  of  the 
Society  of  American  Foresters.  He  lives  in  Paducah,  Ky. 

J.  Blaine  Kollar  Ed.D.  73  retired  in  January  as 
superintendent  of  education  for  the  S.C.  Department 
of  Youth  Services  school  district.  He  and  his  wife,  Jan, 
and  their  two  children  live  in  Lexington,  S.C. 

George  Lucaci  73  is  senior  vice  president  with 
Nomura  Securities  International  in  New  York.  He 
and  his  wife,  Barbara,  have  two  children  and  live  in 
Summit,  N.J. 

David  L.  Buhrmann  J.D.  74  represented  Duke 
in  February  at  the  inauguration  of  the  president  of 
Abilene  Christian  University  in  Abilene,  Texas. 

Peggy  Deuel  Harper  74  is  the  administrator 
of  Hirsch,  Glover,  Robinson  6k  Sheiness,  P.C.,  an 
insurance  defense  law  firm  in  Houston.  She  and  her 
husband,  Stephen,  and  their  two  sons  live  in  Sugar 
Land,  Texas. 

Katherine  Lamb  Higgins  74  represented 
Duke  in  Aptil  at  the  inauguration  of  the  president  of 
Saint  Joseph  College  in  W.  Hartford,  Conn. 

F.  Steven  Horsley  74  has  formed  a  public 
accounting  and  management  consulting  firm  in 
Charlotte,  N.C. 

Martin  M.  Klapheke  75  is  director  of  both  the 
Karl  Menninger  School  of  Psychiatry  and  the  Men- 
ninger  Medical  Student  Program.  Winner  of  the  1990 
William  C.  Menninger  Teacher  of  the  Year  Award, 
he  is  a  staff  psychiatrist  at  the  Menninger  clinic  and 
instructor  at  the  Topeka  Institute  for  Psychoanalysis. 
He  and  his  wife,  Kathleen  Carew  Klapheke 
76,  and  their  four  children  live  in  Topeka,  Kan. 

John  W.  Welch  J.D.  75  is  editor  of  BYU  Studies, 
Brigham  Young  University's  quarterly  journal.  He  is  a 
religious  scholar  and  law  professor  at  BYU. 

Ann  Lewis  Bracken  B.S.E.  76  is  the  owner  of 
Coal  Bank  Hollow,  a  mail  order  business  selling  hand- 


painted  calendars.  She  and  her  husband,  Wes,  and 
their  three  children  live  in  Blacksburg,  Va. 

Bruce  I.  Howell  D.Ed.  76,  president  of  Wake 

Technical  Community  College,  is  president-elect  of 
the  N.C.  Association  of  Colleges  and  Universities. 
He  and  his  wife,  Mahle,  live  in  Cary,  N.C. 

Donald  McWilliams  Kessler  M.H.A.  76  was 
recognized  in  the  Philadelphia  Business  Journal  for  his 
work  as  executive  director  of  Wills  Eye  Hospital  in 
Pennsylvania.  He  and  his  wife,  Elizabeth  Davis,  live 
in  Wynnewood,  Pa. 

Ian  Methven  Ph.D.76  is  dean  of  the  University  of 
New  Brunswick's  department  of  forestry. 

Scott  Brister  77  is  serving  his  third  year  as  judge 
of  the  234th  District  Court  in  Houston,  Texas.  He  and 
his  wife,  Julie,  and  their  daughter  live  in  Houston. 

Kent  Hoover  77  is  the  editor  of  Orlando  Business 
Journal,  a  weekly  newspaper  in  Orlando,  Fla. 

Neil  T.  Rimsky  77  J.D.  practices  elder  law  with 
Cuddy  &  Feder  in  White  Plains,  N.Y. 

S.  Dallas  Simmons  Ph.D.  77,  the  president  of 
Virginia  Union  University,  was  elected  to  the  board 
of  directors  of  Dominion  Resources,  Inc.  He  and  his 
wife,  Yvonne,  live  in  Richmond,  Va. 


F.  Smith  77  was  awarded  the  Chartered 
Financial  Analyst  (CFA)  designation  by  the  trustees  of 
the  Institute  of  CFA.  He  lives  in  Brooklyn,  N.Y. 


Phillip  M.  Tate  M.Ed.  77  is  an  instructor  of  cur- 
riculum and  teaching  at  Boston  University's  School  of 
Education.  He  is  pursuing  a  doctorate  in  social  sci- 
ences at  the  University  of  Chicago. 

Fern  E.  Gunn  78,  J.D.  '82  has  begun  a  three-year 
term  on  Duke's  Trinity  College  Board  of  Visitors.  She 
chairs  the  Access  to  Justice  campaign  for  the  N.C. 
state  bar  and  lives  in  Durham. 

Katherine  Fortino  Johnston  78  represented 
Duke  in  April  at  the  inauguration  of  the  president  of 
Saint  Rosemont  College.  She  lives  in  Ambler,  Pa. 

Kenneth  A.  Barfield  79  is  director  of  develop- 
ment for  SCAN  (Suspected  Child  Abuse  and  Neglect) 
Volunteer  Service,  Inc.,  in  Little  Rock,  Ark. 

Ellen  Erway  Evans  79  is  an  actuary  at  USAA 
Insurance  in  Texas.  She  and  her  husband,  James,  live 
in  San  Antonio. 

Sharon  S.  Grimes  A.M.  79,  Ph.D.  '86,  a  history 
professor  at  Duke,  was  named  an  honorary  member  of 
the  Golden  Key  National  Honor  Society  in  October. 

J.  Scott  Harward  79  is  the  consumer  goods  in- 
dustry national  sales  manager  for  Sales  Technologies, 
a  subsidiary  of  Dun  and  Bradstreet.  He  and  his  wife, 
Ellen  Bowyer  Harward  '82,  and  their  three 
sons  live  in  Marietta,  Ga. 


Linn  79  is  a  senior  pastor  at  English  Road 
Alliance  Church  in  Rochester,  N.Y.  He  and  his  wife, 
Barbara  Powell  Linn  78,  and  their  two  sons 
live  in  Rochester. 

Timothy  A.  Reese  79  is  senior  vice  president  for 
JAK  Construction,  Inc.,  in  Falls  Church,  Va.  He  com- 
pleted advanced  studies  at  N.C.  State  and  George 
Washington  universities. 

MARRIAGES:  Margaret  "Peggy"  Deuel  74 

to  Stephen  F.  Harper  on  May  20,  1989.  Residence: 
Sugar  Land,  Texas...  Sandra  Zillah  Rainwater 
75  to  Frederick  Brott  on  Oct.  26.  Residence: 
McLean,  Va. . . .  William  S.  Rodie  77  to  Rebecca 
D.  Broderick  on  Nov.  30.  Residence:  Phoenix... 
Ellen  Erway  79  to  James  G.  Evans  on  Feb.  28. 
Residence:  San  Antonio. 

BIRTHS:  Second  child  and  daughter  to  Glen  M. 
Gallagher  B.S.E.E.  71  and  Catherine  Hanes 


ANTIQUE  INVESTMENTS 

Late  in  the  semester,  ^^^_         "^j 

when  most  stu- 
dents escape  the 
pressure  of  studies  by 
playing  golf  or  taking  a 
day  trip  to  the  beach, 
David  P.  Lindquist  A.M. 
'72  would  go  antiques 
shopping.  "My  interest 
began  as  an  undergrad- 
uate," Lindquist  ex- 
plains. "But  I  became 
compulsive  about  it 
while  at  Duke." 

Abandoning  plans  to 
earn  his  Ph.D.  ("About 
halfway  through  my  dis- 
sertation, the  antiques 
business  really  took 
off"),  Lindquist  opened    c       ^  ^  u^ 
an  antiques  store  in 
Durham  and  began 
writing,  lecturing,  and 
(of  course)  collecting. 
But  in  the  back  of  his 
mind,  Lindquist  says 
he  harbored  a  secret 


restored  a  landmark  as  a  home  for  art  and  antiques 


dence  for  less  than  five 
years,  the  house  was 
sold  and  became  a 


Pieces  of  the  past:  elements  from  the  George  Watts 
and  Benjamin  Dufce  mansions  were  incorporated 
into  the  design 


desire  to  do  something 
on  a  grand  scale.  While 
dining  at  Chapel  Hill's 
Villa  Teo  restaurant, 
he  knew  he'd  found 
what  he  was  looking 
for. 

"1  don't  think  my 
[antiques]  shop  had 
been  open  a  year  when 

I  went  to  Villa  Teo  for      pher  Allen,  worked  to 
dinner,"  says  Lindquist    recreate  its  original 
"And  when  I  first  saw      luster.  In  February, 
the  building  I  thought 
to  myself,  'Someday  I 


will  have  a  shop  here.' " 
Built  in  1962  by  artist 
Gerard  Tempest,  the 
8,500-square-foot 
structure  incorporated 
elements  from  the 
George  Watts  and  Ben- 
jamin Duke  families' 
mansions,  which  were 


then  being  demolished,    ing  the  store,  Lindquist    potential  long-term 
After  serving  as  a  resi-      offers  an  appraisal  ser-      value  of  antiques.  They 
vice,  lectures  exten-         want  to  live  with  them 
sively,  and  participates     and  enjoy  them  right 
in  antiques  shows.  He      now." 
is  also  a  frequent  con-  That  theme  continues 

tributor  to  a  number  of    in  Lindquist's  advice  to 
magazines  and  edits  novice  collectors.  "Buy 

The  Official  Identified-    only  that  which  you 
rum  and  Price  Quide        like.  Never  buy  for  any 
to  Antiques  and  Col-        other  reason  than  your 
own  personal  taste.  At 
first,  spend  a  lot  of  time 
in  antiques  stores  get- 
ting to  know  dealers 
personally  and  asking  a 
lot  of  questions.  Once 
you  have  gained  confi- 
dence in  judging  qual- 
ity and  originality,  then 
you  may  wander  into 
other  areas,  like  estate 
sales  or  auctions.  Those 
are  not  good  for  begin- 
ners, who  are  likely  to 
get  stung,  because  it's 
strictly  'buyer  beware.' 
"Good  shops  guaran- 
tee the  authenticity  of 
what  they  sell.  Nothing 
ruins  the  joy  of  collect- 
ing faster  than  finding 
out  you've  been 
cheated." 

Does  that  mean  that 
Lindquist  himself  has 
been  burned  a  few 
times.'  "Oh,  sure,  every- 
one makes  mistakes. 
And  after  a  while,  it's 
okay.  But  you  don't 
want  to  have  to  leam 
the  hard  way  the  first 
few  times.  I  keep  my 
mistakes;  they  serve  as 
wonderful  reminders." 


restaurant,  which  closed 
in  1985.  Lindquist 
bought  it  as  soon  as  it 
was  put  on  the  market. 

Although  the  villa 
was  overgrown  with 
foliage  and  cluttered 
with  debris,  Lindquist 


lectibles,  an  antiques 
"best-seller"  published 
by  Random  House. 

Despite  the  breadth 
of  Lindquist's  knowl- 
edge of  the  historical 


and  his  partners,  Maggie   and  financial  worth  of 
Lindquist  and  Christo-     objects,  he  is  clearly 

enthusiastic  about  aes- 
thetics. "When  some- 
one asks  me  if  a  partic- 
ular antique  is  a  good 
way  to  invest  in  their 
immediate  lifestyle,  I 
say,  no,  it's  not  liquid. 
It  may  be  a  good  way 
to  invest  in  their  chil- 
dren's future  or  for 


Whitehall  at  the  Villa 
opened  its  doors.  The 
shop  specializes  in 
eighteenth-  and  nine- 
teenth-century Ameri- 
can, English,  and  conti- 
nental furniture  and 

fine  art,  as  well  as  some    something  else  down 
early  twentieth-century    the  road.  But  most 
artwork.  people  we  work  with 

In  addition  to  mind-      aren't  interested  in  the 


Gallagher  on  Oct.  1 .  Named  Caitlin  Sue. . .  Third 
child  and  first  daughter  to  Laurie  Earnheart 
Williamson  7 1  and  Richard  Williamson  on  Nov. 
19.  Named  Susannah  Leigh...  Second  child  and  first 
daughter  to  George  Lucaci  73  and  Barbara 
Spicuzza  Lucaci  on  Jan.  21.  Named  Emma  Warren... 


Second  child  and  son  to  Margaret  "Peggy" 
Deuel  Harper  74  and  Stephen  F.  Harper  on  Oct. 
25.  Named  Nathaniel  Price. . .  Daughter  to  Charles 
L.  "Chuck"  Jarik  75  and  Andrea  Jarik  on  Dec. 
8.  Named  Jacquelin  Jenna...  Third  child  and  second 
son  to  Ann  Lewis  Bracken  B.S.E.  76  and  Wes 


BEHIND  THE  CAMERA 


On  the  cutting  edge :  Lepselter  helps  make  the  film 
pieces  fit 


Alisa  Lepselter  '85 
is  an  avowed 
film  buff,  but 
you  may  not  want  to 
sit  next  to  her  in  the 
theater.  It's  not  because 
she  talks  out  loud  or 
gives  away  the  ending. 
Lepselter  is  a  first  assis- 
tant film  editor  in  New 
York,  a  job  that  makes 
it  difficult  for  her  not 
to  examine  how  a  pic 
ture  is  structured. 

"It  takes  a  fantastic 
movie  to  make  me  sit 
back  and  not  think 
about  what's  going 


on,"  she  says.  "Because 
of  what  I  do,  because  I 
am  so  totally  involved 
in  the  business,  I  can't 
help  but  analyze  what 
I  see.  My  friends  hate 
to  go  to  the  movies 
with  me." 

In  the  complex  hier- 
archy of  film  produc- 
tion, a  first  assistant  film 
editor  works  closely 
with  the  film's  editor 
or  associate  editor  in  a 
technical  capacity: 
keeping  track  of  film 
supplies,  maintaining 
the  "library,"  doing"    • 


everything  other  than 
making  the  creative 
decisions  involved  in 
cutting  film  for  the 
screen.  Lepselter  plans 
to  move  into  the  more 
creative  editing  position 
in  the  future,  but  for 
now,  the  former  art 
history  major  is  learning 
all  she  can  on  the  job. 

And  she's  been 
lucky  to  land  projects 
with  some  of  the  indus- 
try's biggest  guns.  She 
worked  with  director 
Francis  Ford  Coppola 
on  Neu>  York  Stories 
and  with  editor  Robert 
Reitano  on  the  Steve 
Martin  vehicle  My 
Blue  Heaven.  During 
that  stint,  she  met  Nora 
Ephron,  who  had  done 
the  screenplay  for 
Heaven,  and  when 
Ephron  retained  Rei- 
tano for  This  Is  My 
Life,  he  in  turn  hired 
Lepselter.  Based  on 
Ephron's  similarly 
tided  novel,  This  Is 
Mj  Life  marks  the 
writer's  directorial 
debut,  and  stars  Julie 
Kavner,  Dan  Akroydj^*'' 
&nd  Carrie  Fisherv*C"  i 

"So  few  people  know 
what  editing  really  is, 
and  it's  one  of  the  most 
exciting  parts  of  film- 
making," says  Lepselter. 
"While  a  movie  is  being 
shot,  editors  assemble 


it  scene  by  scene  and, 
because  shooting  is  out 
of  sequence,  you  could 
be  editing  the  end  of  the 
movie  before  the  begin- 
ning. For  me,  editing  is 
how  a  film  comes  to- 
gether, when  it  really 
comes  alive." 

Lepselter's  husband, 
Charles  Roos  '85,  is 
also  in  the  biz;  he's  a 
screenwriter  who  will 
enter  film  school  in  the 
fall  to  hone  his  skills. 
Although  Lepselter  says 
she'd  like  to  collabo- 
rate wit 

project  some  day, 
now  she's  staying  busy 
mastering  what  goes  < 
behind  the  camera. 

"My  next  project  is*; 
The  Age  of  Innocence 
based  on  the  novel  by 
Edith  Wharton  and 
directed  by  Martin 
Scorcese,"  she  says.  "It 
stars  Daniel  Day  Lewjj 
Michelle  Pfeiffer,  Mid 
Winona  Ryder.  Lewis 
plays  a  man  from  the 
upper  class  of  New 
York's  nineteenth- 
century  society  who 
marries  Winona,  who  is 
from  the  same  class.  He's 
in  love  with  Michelle 
Pfeiffer,  who  has  more 
of  a  bohemian  side  to 
her.  Basically,  their 
love  is  doomed." 


labo- 
lafilm 
y,  for 

wis, 


Bracken  on  April  1 1 ,  1 99 1 .  Named  William  Moore . . . 
Fourth  child  and  third  son  to  Kathleen  Carew 
Klapheke  76  and  Martin  M.  Klapheke  75 
on  Sept.  1 .  Named  Thomas  Stephen. ..  Third  child 
and  second  daughter  to  Ronald  P.  Manley  A.M. 
76  and  Linda  Ruth  Halperin  77  on  Jan.  8. 
Named  Melissa  Halperin  Manley. . .  Third  child  to 
Kenneth  McNeill  Taylor  76  and  Susanne 
Reney  Taylor  on  Oct.  1.  Named  Kenneth  McNeill 
Jr. . . .  First  child  and  daughter  to  Dorothy  Hay 
Barrus  Wilson  B.S.N.  76  and  Samuel  Mayhew 
Wilson  on  Nov.  2.  Named  Elisabeth  Hay. . .  Second 
daughter  to  Scott  Brister  77  and  Julie  Brister  on 
Jan.  13.  Named  Susannah  Catherine...  Second  child 
and  son  to  Rose  Ann  Smiley  77  and  David 
Raderman  on  March  18,  1991 .  Named  Nathan 
Grant. . .  Third  child  and  second  son  to  Andrew 
Beamer  78  and  Patricia  M.  Beamer  on  Feb.  6. 
Named  Jeffrey  Michael. . .  Third  child  and  first  daugh- 
ter to  Benner  B.  Crigler  Jr.  78  and  Carol  F. 
Crigler  on  Dec.  28.  Named  Hannah  Fielding. . .  Third 
child  and  first  son  to  Kenneth  G.  Haydn  78  and 
Susan  Haydn  on  Sept.  20.  Named  Westin  Aaron. . . 
Son  to  Michael  J.  Underwood  78  and  Man-la 
Underwood  on  April  30,  1991 .  Named  Keith 
Richard. . .  Third  child  and  second  daughter  to  Stacy 
Rogers  Golding  79  and  Robert  Matthew  Gold- 
ing  on  Nov.  4.  Named  Catherine  Blair. . .  Third  son  to 
J.  Scott  Harward  79  and  Ellen  Bowyer 
"  '82  on  July  30.  Named  Phillip  Scott... 


Second  child  and  first  daughter  to  David  C.  Hill  79 

and  Sarah  Hill  on  Dec.  14.  Named  Morgan  Darkes. . . 
First  child  and  son  to  Andrew  Jacobson  79  and 

Debra  Jacobson  on  Aug.  1 6.  Named  Julian  Howard. 


80s 


A.  Graves  '80  is  vice  president  at  First 
Boston  Corp.  in  New  York  City.  She  and  her  hus- 
band, John  T.  Fucigna,  live  in  Darien,  Conn. 

Edward  R.  Laskowski  '80  is  a  sei 

consultant  in  the  physical  medicine  and  rehabilita- 
tion department  at  the  Mayo  Clinic,  working  in 
sports  medicine  and  fitness  for  the  disabled.  His  wife, 
Linda  Chiovari  Laskowski  '80,  is  on  a  leave 
of  absence  from  teaching  science.  They  live  in 
Rochester,  Minn. 

Stephen  C.  McGonegal  '80  is  a  research  analyst 
for  Heiden  Associates,  a  Washington,  D.C.,  consult- 
ing firm.  He  and  his  wife,  Kim,  live  in  Greenbelt,  Md. 


R.  Stewart  '80  is  a  partner  with  the 
Association  of  Alexandria  Radiologists,  P.C.,  in 
Alexandria,  Va.  She  joined  the  practice  following  an 
imaging  fellowship  at  Duke.  She  and  her  husband, 
George,  and  their  two  children  live  in  Arlington,  Va. 


John  S.  Talbott  III  '80  is  a  shareholder  in  the 
law  firm  Kincaid,  Wilson,  Schaeffer,  Hembree,  Van 
Inwegen,  and  Kinser.  He  and  his  wife,  Deidre,  live  in 
Lexington,  Ky. 

Ron  Wilson  M.B.A.  '80  is  executive  director  for 
marketing  operations  of  Burroughs  Wellcome  Co.  in 
Research  Triangle  Park.  He  lives  in  Chapel  Hill. 

Jonathan  Christenbury  MD.  '81  performs 
delicate  laser  tear  duct  surgery,  intranasal  endoscopic 
laser  DCR  (dacryocystorhinstomy),  to  restore  normal 
tear  drainage  in  individuals  suffering  from  either 
trauma  or  chronic  infection.  He  has  an  ophthalmic 
surgery  practice  in  Charlotte,  N.C. 

Kenneth  V.  Gouwens  '81  received  a  joint 
Ph.D.  in  history  and  humanities  from  Stanford  Uni- 
versity in  June  1991.  He  teaches  Renaissance  history 
at  the  University  of  South  Carolina  at  Columbia. 

Kimberly  A.  Hott  '82  is  associate  professor  of 
clinical  medicine  at  Northwestern  Memorial  Hospi- 
tal. She  and  her  husband,  John,  live  in  Chicago. 

John  Mclntire  '82,  M.B.A.  '83  is  district  manager 
of  strategic  pricing  for  AT&T  Business  Communica- 
tion Services.  He  and  his  wife,  Eileen,  live  in  Basking 
Ridge,  N.J. 

V.  Martin  Mustian  Jr.  M.H.A.  '82  was  named 
administrator  of  HEALTHSOUTH  Rehabilitation 
Hospital  in  Columbia,  S.C. 

Susan  M.  Stuart  M.D.  '82,  who  completed  a 
fellowship  at  Stanford  in  June,  is  a  dermatology  resi- 
dent at  Emory  University  in  Atlanta. 

Sally  Holtgrave  Welch  M.B.A.  '82  runs  the  five- 
year-old  Welch  Consulting  Group,  which  develops 
and  teaches  management  training  programs.  Her 
husband,  Brad  Welch  '83,  is  first  vice  president, 
financial  planning,  with  Raymond  James  &  Associ- 
ates, Inc.  in  St.  Petersburg,  Fla.  They  have  two  sons 
and  live  in  Tampa  Bay. 

Stuart  M.  Dansby  '83  is  director  of  marketing  for 
American  Cadastre,  Inc.,  a  consulting  firm  specializing 
in  geographic  information  systems.  He  and  his  wife, 
Leah,  and  their  two  children  live  in  Birmingham,  Ala. 

Karen  Elizabeth  Jacobson  '83  is  vice  presi- 
dent of  operations  for  William  H.  Coleman,  Inc.,  in 
Jacksonville,  Fla.  She  and  her  husband,  Daniel 
Arlington,  live  in  Atlantic  Beach. 

Melissa  Raphan  '83  is  an  employment  lawyer 
with  the  firm  Oppenheimer,  Wolff  &  Donnelly.  She 
and  her  husband,  Tom  Rock,  live  in  Minneapolis. 

Lauren  Dale  Stogel  '83  practices  entertainment 
law  as  counsel  to  Twentieth  Century  Fox  Film  Corp. 
She  lives  in  Los  Angeles. 

Mary  J.  Hildebrand  J.D.  '84  is  a  partner  with  the 
Roseland,  N.J.,  law  firm  Friedman  Siegelbaum.  She 
is  a  member  of  the  corporate  group,  with  particular  ex- 
pertise in  computer  and  high  technology. 

Mary  Wynn  Bessinger  Setter  B.S.E.  '84  is 
a  management  consultant  with  Coopers  &  Lybrand 
in  New  York.  She  and  her  husband,  Joseph,  live  in 
Manhattan. 

Todd  B.  Slayton  '84,  who  earned  his  M.B.A. 
from  the  University  of  Southern  California  in  May 
1991,  has  joined  the  middle  market  practice  for 
Deloitte  &.  Touche  in  Los  Angeles. 

David  Charles  Baker  '85,  M.B.A.  '90  is  market- 
ing research  analyst  for  Merck  Sharp  &  Dohme,  a 
large  pharmaceutical  firm  in  Pittsburgh.  He  and  his 
wife,  Irene,  live  in  Cheltenham,  Pa. 


Halstad'85isan 

:  with  the  law  firm  Whiteford,  Taylor  &  Pre- 
ston. She  earned  her  J.D.  from  the  University  of 
Maryland  and  clerked  for  a  judge  of  the  Maryland 


CAEETAL 


Campaign 

for  the  Arts  &  Sciences  and  Engineering 


f        Report  on  the 

r 

-^    Capital  Campaign 
for  the  Arts  &  Sciences  and  Engineering 


The  Capital  Campaign  for 
the  Arts  &  Sciences  and 
Engineering  was  launched  in 
the  fall  of  1982  by  then- 
President  Terry  Sanford  and 
the  Board  of  Trustees  in 
order  to  raise  $200  million 
in  endowment  support  for 
the  liberal  arts,  sciences, 
and  engineering.  Faced  with 
soaring  costs,  declining 
federal  support  of  higher 
education,  raging  inflation, 
and  endowment-investment 
returns  that  defrayed  ever- 
smaller  proportions  of  the 
University's  expenditures, 
President  Sanford  and  the 
Trustees  were  convinced 
that  bold,  decisive  steps 
were  necessary  to  ensure  the 


long-term  excellence  of  the 
University.  Following  the 
broad  recommendations 
outlined  in  a  report  issued  in 
1982  to  the  Trustees  by 
then-Chancellor  Kenneth 
Pye,  Duke's  leaders 
determined  that  the 
University  could  best 
achieve  its  broad 
educational  and  research 
mission  if  it  concentrated  its 
resources  on  core  activities. 
A  fund-raising  effort  of 
unprecedented  scope  was 
therefore  undertaken  at 
Duke,  an  effort  to  provide  a 
solid  base  of  endowment  for 
those  programs  deemed 
absolutely  central  to  the  life 
of  Duke  University:  the 


Arts  &  Sciences  and 
Engineering.  Encompassed 
by  the  endowment  drive  were 
Trinity  College  of  Arts  & 
Sciences,  the  School  of 
Engineering,  the  Graduate 
School,  the  libraries,  and 
the  Marine  Laboratory  in 
Beaufort,  North  Carolina. 
As  endowment,  all  gifts  to 
the  Capital  Campaign  would 
be  permanently  invested, 
with  the  investment  income 
expended  for  designated 
purposes  throughout 


future  years. 

Following  nine  years  of 
persistent  work  by  more 
than  6,000  volunteers  and 
the  University's 
Development  staff,  the 
Capital  Campaign  surpassed 


its  $200  milli. 


ndowment 


goal  by  the  December  1991 
deadline,  with 
approximately  22,000 
donors  making  pledges 
totaling  $221  million.  At 
the  Campaign's  close,  cash 
payments  of  $128.2  million 


Capital  Campaign  Totals 

fin  millions) 


TOTAL  PLEDGED 
|^|   TOTAL  PAID 

150 



~ 

ill 

Capital  Campaign  Special  Report    1 


Distribution  of  Pledges 

(in  millions) 


(faculty  support 
Library  support 


had  already  been  paid 
toward  those  commitments. 

Capital  Campaign 
gifts  were  spread  over  a  wide 
range  of  areas.  Of  the  Cam- 
paign's total,  $89.3  million 
was  designated  for  faculty 
support,  $36  million  for 
undergraduate  financial  aid, 
$6.3  million  for  graduate 
student  aid,  $6.2  million  for 
the  library,  $54  million  for 
designated  program  support, 


and  $29.2  million  for 
unrestricted  program 
support. 

The  Capital  Campaign 
achieved  its  success  at 
minimal  cost  to  the 
University.  At  the  end  of 
the  drive,  with  signed 
pledges  of  $221  million, 
expenses  incurred  by 
the  Campaign  totaled 
$11.7  million,  for  an  average 
cost  of  only  5.3  cents  per 
dollar  raised,  which  is  below 
the  lowest  figure  reported  for 
any  comparable  university 
fund-raising  effort. 

The  impact  of 
Campaign  gifts  is  evident 


neurobiology,  psychology, 
and  public  policy.  Other 
chairs  are  to  be  designated 
at  the  discretion  of  the 
Provost,  to  meet  the 
University's  most  acute 
needs. 


Fully  Endowed 
Professorships 


today  throughout  Duke's 
programs  in  the  liberal  arts, 
sciences,  and  engineering. 
In  1982,  the  University  had 
only  three  fully  endowed 
professorships  in  the  Arts  & 
Sciences  and  Engineering. 
Capital  Campaign  gifts  are 
adding  forty-three 
professorships  to  that  total, 
an  achievement  that  has 
transformed  Duke's  ability  to 
attract  and  retain  scholars  of 
the  highest  caliber.  Chairs 
are,  or  already  have  been, 
endowed  in  art  and  art 
history,  botany, 
communications  and 
journalism,  comparative 
literature,  drama, 
economics,  engineering, 
English,  health  policy  and 
management,  international 
studies,  Judaic  studies, 
marine  biology, 
mathematics,  music, 


Cumulative  Pledges  &  Costs 

(in  millions) 


1924-1981  1982 


2     Capital  Campaign  Special  Report 


Undergraduate 
Scholarship  Funds 


Graduate 
Fellowships 


Campaign  donors  have 
also  created  fifty-seven 
graduate  fellowship 
endowment  funds,  more 
than  twice  the  number  Duke 
had  prior  to  the  Campaign's 
inception.  Those 
fellowships,  which  are  also 
distributed  across  the 
humanities,  the  social 
sciences,  and  the  natural 
sciences,  are  helping  some  of 
the  brightest  young  scholars 
in  the  country  to  obtain  an 
education  of  incomparable 
quality. 


More  than  180  new 
undergraduate  scholarship 
endowment  funds  have  been 
established  through  the 
Campaign  as  well.  In  the 
past  academic  year,  those 
funds  provided  financial 
assistance  to  nearly  650 
undergraduate  students, 
more  than  475  of  whom 
received  aid,  in  whole  or  in 
part,  due  to  financial  need. 

The  need  for 
scholarship  endowment  gifts 
in  particular  has  become 
starkly  evident  in  recent 
years.  Faced  with  cutbacks 
in  support  from  the  federal 
government  over  the  past 
decade,  an  economy  lagging 
in  a  state  of  prolonged 
recession,  and  the  reduced 
investment  income  that  a 
recession  often  causes, 
several  major  universities  are 
trimming  need-based 
financial  aid  awards  in  order 


to  balance  their  budgets. 
The  same  recessionary 
conditions  that  are  affecting 
the  fiscal  health  of  colleges 
and  universities  are  also 
drastically  diminishing  the 
ability  of  many  families  to 
send  their  children  to  top 
institutions  without  the 
assistance  of  substantial 
need-based  aid. 

With  the  help  of 
Capital  Campaign  endow- 
ments, total  undergraduate 
financial  aid  awards  at 
Duke  increased  more  than 
153  percent  between 
1984-85  and  1990-91. 
Expenditures  on  need- 
based  awards  increased 
163  percent  and  merit 
awards  rose  1 1 1  percent 
during  that  same  period. 
The  income  from  Campaign 
endowment  gifts,  together 


with  that  from  endowment 
funds  established  before  the 
fund-raising  effort,  currently 
covers  2 1  percent  of  the 
need-  and  merit-based  grant 
demand  of  the  financial 
aid  budget.  No  less  than 
1 2  percent  of  the  total 
financial  aid  budget  is  cov- 
ered by  endowment  income. 

Underscoring  the 
Importance  of 
Endowment-Building 

Through  the  Campaign, 
Duke's  donors  have 
recognized  the  importance 
not  only  of  providing  for 
present  needs,  but  also  of 
investing  in  the  University's 
future.  A  far  greater 
proportion  of  gifts  made  to 
the  Arts  &  Sciences  and 


Distribution  of  University-Wide  Gifts 


ENDOWMENT 


ffi 


I  GIFTS  TO  THE  ARTS  &  SCIENCES  AND  ENGINEERING 
I  GIFTS  TO  OTHER  AREAS 


Capital  Campaign  Special  Report    3 


Duke  University  Endowment 

(market  value,  in  millions) 


-II 


iff 


,111 


1982  1983  1984  1985  1986  1987  1988  1989  1990 


Engineering  are  placed  into 
permanent  endowment 
funds  today  than  prior  to  the 
Campaign.  University-wide 
endowment  giving  has 
increased  as  well.  In  the  first 
year  of  the  Campaign, 
endowment  giving  totaled 
only  $7-7  million.  In  that 
same  year,  cash  gifts  to 
the  Arts  &  Sciences  and 
Engineering  totaled 
$13  million,  with  only 
1 7  percent  of  that  total — 
$2.2  million — going  toward 
endowment.  By  contrast,  in 
1990-91  University-wide 
endowment  giving  totaled 
$22.8  million,  and 
endowment  gifts  to  the  Arts 
&  Sciences  and  Engineer- 
ing totaled  more  than 


$  1 7  million,  fully  45  percent 
of  all  gifts  made  to  those 
areas. 

Over  the  course  of  the 
Campaign,  the  overall 
market  value  of  the 
University's  endowment 
pool  was  increased  from 
$158.6  million — only 
$23.5  million  of  which  was 
restricted  to  the  Arts  & 
Sciences  and  Engineering — 
to  more  than  half  a  billion 
dollars.  That  remarkable 
growth  is  attributable  both 


to  the  generosity  of  the 
University's  alumni  and 
friends  and  to  the  prudent 
supervision  of  Duke's 
endowment  assets  by  the 
Duke  Management 
Company  and  the 
Investment  Committee  of 
the  University's  Board  of 
Trustees.  The  University 
secured  an  average  annual 
return  of  15.72  percent  on 
Duke's  endowment 
investment  pool  during  the 
nine  years  of  the  Campaign. 

City  and  Regional 


More  than  $120  million 
was  pledged  to  the  Capital 
Campaign  through  30  city 
and  regional  fund-raising 
efforts.  New  York  and 
Charlotte  led  the  way,  both 
with  pledges  in  excess  of 
$20  million.  The  Durham- 
Orange  Counties  campaign 
was  close  behind,  with 
pledges  totaling  nearly 
$15  million.  (Please  see 
accompanying  chart  for 
additional  city  and  regional 
pledge  totals.)  At  the 
Campaign's  close,  nearly 
$85  million  in  cash 
payments  toward  those 
pledges  had  already 
been  received. 


In  addition  to  the  many 
dollars  raised,  the  city  and 
regional  campaigns  created 
for  the  University  a  vast, 
well-organized  network  of 
parents,  alumni,  and  other 
friends,  which  will  benefit 
the  University  and  its  fund- 
raising  efforts  throughout 
future  years.  Originally 
created  to  help  the  Capital 
Campaign  reach  its 
$200  million  endowment 
goal,  the  volunteer 
committees  established  in 
those  targeted  regions  are 
now  being  broadened 
beyond  the  Arts  &  Sciences 
and  Engineering  to 
encompass  the  needs  and 
interests  of  the  entire 
University.  Many  of  those 
committees  have  already 
begun  to  work  on  raising 
funds  for  the  Medical 
Center,  the  Science 
Resource  Center,  the  law 
and  business  schools,  and 
other  vital  programs. 


Capital  Campaign  Special  Report 


City  and  Regional  Campaign  Totals 

(in  millions) 

Duke  2000: 
The  Society  off 

Centurions 

ATLANTA 



s 

10 

15 

20 

The  Capital  Campaign  was 

BALTIMORE 

especially  successful  in 

BOSTON 

encouraging  donors  to  raise 

CHARLOTTE 

their  sights,  to  think  in 
larger  and  larger  terms  with 
regard  to  their  charitable 

CHICAGO 

CLEVELAND     1       . 

support  of  the  University. 

DALLAS 

Before  the  Campaign's 
inception,  only  forty-nine 

DENVER 

DETROIT 

DURHAM/ORANGE  COUNTIES 

EASTERN  NORTH  CAROLINA 

FLORIDA 

FOUR  COUNTIES 

HARTFORD 

1 
1 

gifts  of  $100,000  or  more 
had  been  made  to  the  Arts 
&  Sciences  and  Engineering 
in  Duke  University's  entire 
sixty-year  history.  A  new 
donor  group,  Duke  2000: 
The  Society  of  Centurions, 
was  created  by  the 

__!_.  " 

r 

HOUSTON 
LOS  ANGELES 

1 

Campaign's  leaders  in 

MEMPHIS 

Endowment  Gifts 
of  $100,000 

OR  MORE 

MIAMI     1               

NEW  YORK 

PHILADELPHIA 

PHOENIX 

__ 

RICHMOND     ■ 

■ 

SAN  FRANCISCO 

■ 

SEATTLE 

fa 

ST.  LOUIS 

TULSA     I 

WAKE  COUNTY     j 

WASHINGTON,  D.C.     IBBHH 



1 

1924-1981             1982-1991 

WILMINGTON     | 

WINSTON-SALEM     ^^^^^H 

'_  CAPITAL  CAMPAIGN  GOAL    ^|  TOTAL  PLEDGED 

Capital  Campaign  Special  Report    5 


order  to  encourage  Duke's 

graduation,  or  $10,000  or 

that  enthusiasm  spilled  over 

1990-91,  with  gifts  totaling 

alumni  and  friends  to 

more  within  ten  years.  More 

to  all  other  areas  of  the 

$113.7  million,  an  increase 

increase  their  support  of  the 

than  200  recent  graduates 

institution.  The  Campaign 

of  more  than  5  percent  over 

University  to  at  least  the 

made  Young  Alumni  gifts, 

for  Duke,  with  a  goal  of 

the  previous  year. 

$100,000  level,  an  amount 

with  cumulative  pledges  of 

$400  million  for  all 

Although  not  all 

thought  appropriate  to 

approximately  $5  million. 

purposes,  surpassed  its 

gifts  made  through  the 

Duke's  aims  for  the  twenty- 

objective  by  a  wide  margin 

University's  foundation  and 

first  century.  In  the  nine 
years  of  the  Capital 

University- Wide 

Success 

at  its  conclusion  in 
December,  with  pledges 

corporate  giving  programs 
could  be  counted  toward 

Campaign,  271  individuals, 

totaling  $550.8  million. 

the  Capital  Campaign's 

families,  foundations,  and 

When  the  decision  was 

Even  payments  toward 

$200  million  endowment 

corporations  became 

made  nearly  a  decade  ago  to 

Campaign  for  Duke  pledges 

objective,  and  although 

members  of  the  Society  of 

launch  an  effort  focused  on 

exceeded  the  pledge  goal, 

no  gift  made  to  the  Annual 

Centurions  by  making 

raising  endowment  support 

totaling  $439  million.  [A 

Fund  could  be  counted 

endowment  gifts  of  that 

for  select  Duke  programs, 

full  report  on  the 

toward  the  goal,  recent 

remarkable  size.  Centurions 

many  feared  that  funds 

accomplishments  of  the 

success  in  those  areas 

pledged  a  cumulative  total 

parallels  the  success  of  the 

of  more  than  $182  million, 

Capital  Campaign. 

more  than  four-fifths  of  the 
Campaign's  final  total  and 

University- Wide  Corporate  Support 

(in  millions) 

■  The  Office  of 
Corporate  Relations 

nine-tenths  of  the  original 
Campaign  goal.  Centurion 

,0 

achieved  its  most  successful 
year  in  the  University's 

jA 

donors  have  already  paid 
more  than  $100  million 

3. 

history  last  fiscal  year,  with 
cumulative  corporate  gifts 

^M 

toward  their  commitments. 

» 

of  $42.3  million,  fully 
24  percent  more  than  was 

^^^til 

Young  Alumni 

for  the 

Capital  Campaign 

The  Young  Alumni 
organization  was  established 
to  encourage  recent 
graduates  to  begin  a 
tradition  of  giving  to  Duke 

,0 

awarded  to  the  University 
by  corporations  in  1989-90 
and  420  percent  more  than 
was  given  by  corporations  in 
1982-83,  the  first  year  of  the 
Campaign.  Through  650 
corporations'  matching 
gift  programs,  nearly 
$  1 .9  million  was  awarded  to 

1 

986-      1987-       1988-    1989-      1990- 
987       1988        1989      1990       1991 

Campaign  for  Duke, 
including  a  list  of  all  those 

1982-    1983-     1984-      1985- 
1983      1984       1985       1986 

would  be  diverted  from 
other  components  of  the 

as  early  as  possible  upon 
graduation.  Membership  in 
the  Young  Alumni  for  the 
Capital  Campaign  was 
awarded  to  those  graduates 

University.  The  contrary 
proved  to  be  the  case.  The 
entire  University 
community  became 
energized  by  the  ambitious 

who  made  gifts  of  $1,000  or 
more  to  either  campaign, 
will  be  distributed  later  this 
month.] 

University-wide 

the  University  last  year, 
placing  Duke's  among  the 
top  ten  most  successful 
matching  programs  in  the 
country. 

who  made  endowment  gifts 
of  $5,000  or  more  within 
five  years  of  their 

goals  of  the  Campaign,  and 

fund-raising  efforts  achieved 
record  success  in  fiscal 

6     Capital  Campaign  Special  Report 


■  The  Office  of 
Foundation  Relations 
secured  gifts  from  nearly 
270  foundations  totaling 
$29.8  million  in  1990-91,  a 
modest  increase  over  the 
previous  year  and  an  in- 
crease of  145  percent  over 
1982-83.  For  fiscal  1989-90, 
the  most  recent  year  for 
which  comparative  rankings 
are  available,  the  Council 
on  Financial  Aid  to 
Education  ranked  Duke 
fourth  in  the  nation  among 
private  institutions  in  total 
foundation  support. 

H  While  many  other 
institutions  have  reported  a 
decrease  in  their  annual 
giving  totals,  1990-91  was 
the  seventeenth  consecutive 
year  that  Annual  Fund 
giving  at  Duke  increased. 
The  Annual  Fund  received 
gifts  from  33,000  alumni, 
parents,  Trustees,  and  friends 
last  year — nearly  double  the 
number  that  made  gifts  in 
1982-83.  Annual  Fund  gifts 
totaled  $7.6  million  in  1990- 
91,  more  than  twice  the 
giving  total  of  the  first  year 
of  the  Campaign.  Duke's 
parents  program  was  ranked 
second  in  the  country  last 
year,  with  gifts  from  nearly 
2,800  non-alumni  parents 
totaling  more  than 
$886,000.  During  the  first 


University-Wide  Foundation  Support 

(in  millions) 


year  of  the  Campaign,  not  a 
single  gift  was  made  to  the 
Annual  Fund  of  $10,000  or 
more.  Last  year,  119  gifts  of 
that  size  were  made. 


The  Campaign's 
Legacy 

Thanks  to  the  generosity  of 
its  22,000  donors,  the 
Capital  Campaign  has 


DOLLARS  PAID 

fm  mi/lions) 


served  the  purposes  for 
which  it  was  launched 
nearly  a  decade  ago.  The 
Arts  &  Sciences  and 
Engineering  have  been 
given  a  sizable  endowment 
base,  which  will  provide  a 
steady  flow  of  expendable 
income  for  those  central 
programs  throughout  future 
years.  In  part  because  of 
what  those  gifts  have 


Annual  Fund  Giving 


enabled  the  University  to 
accomplish — the  faculty  and 
students  attracted,  the 
programs  launched  or 
strengthened — Duke's 
undergraduate  and  graduate 
programs  are  now 
consistently  regarded  as 
among  the  finest  in  the 
nation.  And,  as  the 
Campaign's  chairman,  Joel 
L.  Fleishman,  makes  clear  in 
the  following  message,  while 
much  work  remains  to  be 
done  by  the  University 
community,  Duke's  alumni 
and  friends  today  recognize 
the  importance  of 
endowment  giving,  and  that 
their  ongoing  support  of  the 
institution  is  absolutely  vital 
to  the  University's 
continuing  success  in  the 
decades  to  come. 


DONORS 

(in  ih'usanih) 


ALUMNI  PARTICIPATION 


Capita/  Campaign  Special  Report    7 


Duke's 

For  Duke,  looked  at 

endowment  foundation  of 

enjoy  the  happy 

Coming  of  Age 

over  the  sweep  of  a  still-brief 

Duke's  ever-evolving  future, 

circumstance  of  receiving 

To  the  alumni,  parents,  and 

lifetime,  however,  it  is  more, 

Duke  must  still  play  a  catch- 

one-third of  its  income  from 

friends  of  Duke  University: 

much  more  than  that.  It  is  a 

up  game  for  yet  another 

endowment,  but  none  can 

Duke  University  has 

moment  in  time  when  the 

generation.  Our  present 

be  content  when  its 

come  of  age  through  the 

extended  community  that  is 

endowment  income  from  all 

competitors  enjoy 

Capital  Campaign.  Call  it  a 

Duke  University  in  the 

sources — both  from  The 

endowment  income 

rite  of  passage,  an  emergence 

present  has  at  last  signified 

Duke  Endowment  and  from 

contributions  of  double  our 

from  adolescence,  or  the 

its  willingness  to  start 

our  own — is  still  a  woefully 

percentage  or  more. 

commencement  of  the 

accepting  personal 

small  percentage  of  our 

This  grand  moment  in 

University's  maturity. 

responsibility  for  the 

total  educational  and 

the  history  of  Duke  is, 

Whatever  one  chooses  to 

University's  existence,  for 

general  revenue,  about 

therefore,  not  an  end  but  a 

call  it,  this  is  one  of  the 

seeing  not  only  to  the  needs 

$43  million  out  of  revenue 

beginning.  Duke  has  indeed 

most  significant  moments  in 

of  its  present  but  also  to 

of  $500  million,  only 

come  of  age,  and  has  earned 

the  life  of  one  of  the  world's 

those  of  the  future.  Today, 

8.6  percent.  Twenty  years 

the  opportunity  to  try  its 

great  centers  of  learning. 

for  the  first  time  since  the 

ago,  endowment  income 

wings.  If  the  next  generation 

When  6,000  volunteers  and 

founding  of  Duke 

accounted  for  nearly 

fulfills  its  responsibility  as 

22,000  donors  succeed  for 

University,  the  University's 

15  percent  of  our  educa- 

has the  present,  the  Duke  of 

the  first  time  in  a  long, 

own  endowment  provides 

tional  and  general  revenue, 

the  twenty-first  century  will 

strenuous  effort  focused  on 

more  income  to  the 

and  in  1960  it  comprised 

be  able  to  soar. 

the  financial  strengthening 

University  each  year  than 

one-third. 

of  the  institution  which 

the  patrimony  established, 

The  harder  task,  the 

defines  them  as  a 

so  generously,  so  wisely,  and 

task  of  not  only  entering 

Ck       r^    '/I 

community,  it  is  a  cause  for 

with  such  forethought,  by 

adulthood  but  beginning  to 

(Jh^     Ufl*Sb~ — 

special  rejoicing.  And  this  is 

James  Buchanan  Duke,  the 

move  through  it,  therefore, 

such  a  moment — Duke 

founder  himself,  some  65 

is  still  before  us.  The 

University's  first  successful 

years  ago!  Mr.  Duke  must 

community  of  Duke  has 

Joel  L.  Fleishman 

multi-purpose  fund-raising 

surely  be  proud  to  see  his 

shown  the  willingness  to 

Chairman,  Capital  Campaign 

campaign  ever. 

child — Duke  University — 

take  the  most  important  step 

for  the  Arts  &  Sciences 

entering  into  adulthood. 

of  assuming  responsibility. 

and  Engineering 

Yes,  this  is  a  moment  of 

Now  it  must  begin  to  fulfill 

First  Senior  Vice  President  of 

historic  significance  for 

that  responsibility  by 

the  University 

Duke,  but  it  is  nonetheless 

continuing  exertions 

only  the  beginning  of 

sufficient  to  build  an 

adulthood.  While  the 

endowment  truly  adequate 

community  that  is  Duke  has 

for  the  excellence  that  is  the 

now  shown  that  its  sights 

birthright  of  Duke.  No 

have  been  raised,  that  it 

university  today  is  likely  to 

recognizes  the  obligation  to 

give  larger  sums  to  Duke 

than  ever  before,  that  it  is 

willing  to  engage 

continuously  in  building  the 

8     Capital  Campaign  Special  Report 


Court  of  Appeals.  She  is  president  of  the  Duke 
Alumni  Club  of  Baltimore. 


the  law  firm  Winthrop,  Stimson,  Tutnam  &  Roberts. 
She  and  her  husband,  Russell,  live  in  New  York  City. 


Carr  Nager  '85  joined  the  firm  Smith, 
Anderson,  Blount,  Dorsett,  Mitchell  6k  Jernigan  in 
Raleigh.  She  is  concentrating  in  real  estate  law. 


L.  Nelson  '85  is  practicing  veterinary  medi- 
cine in  Reedsville,  Wis.  She  and  her  husband,  John 
Jay  Cox,  graduated  from  veterinary  school  at  N.C 
State  in  1990. 

Constance  Panos  '85  received  her  M.A.  in  Rus- 
sian linguistics  from  George  Washington  University 
in  May  upon  completion  of  her  thesis,  "Ellipsis  in 
Russian  Unplanned  Speech."  In  June,  she  toured  the 
Galapagos  Islands,  Ecuador,  by  yacht. 

Frank  Putzu  '85  is  a  trial  attorney  with  the  law  firm 
Fuklestein,  Thompson,  and  Lochran  in  Washington, 

D.C.  His  wife,  Sandra  Nance  Putzu  '85,  is  tak- 
ing an  extended  leave  of  absence  from  Booz,  Allen  6k 
Hamilton.  They  live  in  Arlington,  Va. 

Stephen  Valder  '85  is  in  his  fourth  year  of  medi- 
cal school  at  Baylor.  His  wife,  Odette  Cianchini 

Valder  '86,  is  a  second-year  resident  at  Baylor.  They 
live  in  Houston. 

Vincent  C.  Crump  '86  graduated  from  the  Even- 
ing Executive  M.B.A.  Program  at  Duke's  Fuqua  School 
of  Business  in  October. 

Ronald  L.  Nicol  M.B.A.  '86,  a  Fuqua  Scholar, 
was  elected  vice  president  of  The  Boston  Consulting 
Group,  Inc.  in  Chicago.  He  lives  in  Naperville,  111. 

Edward  F.  Raftery  '86  is  the  director  of  marketing 
and  sales  for  Sports  6k  Company,  a  Stamford,  Conn., 
sports  marketing  firm.  He  received  his  master  of  man- 
agement degree  from  Northwestem's  J.L.  Kellogg 
Graduate  School  of  Management  in  June  1991. 

Martha  "Martica"  Lederman  Rub  '86,  who 

earned  her  J.D.  from  the  University  of  Florida  College 
of  Law,  is  an  associate  at  the  Miami  law  firm  Lapidus 
&  Frankel,  P.A. 

Florence  Humphrey  Batchelor  '87  is  an  asso- 
ciate with  the  law  firm  Messerli  6k  Kramer  in  Min- 
neapolis, Minn.  She  received  her  law  degree  from  the 
University  of  Minnesota  Law  School  in  1991. 


Sukin  Kaye  '87,  who  received  her  J.D. 
from  U.CL.A.'s  law  school  in  May  1991,  is  an  associ- 
ate with  Chemesky,  Heyman  6k  Kress  in  Dayton.  She 
and  her  husband,  Jeffrey,  have  a  son  and  live  in  West 
Chester,  Ohio. 

Amy  Horowitz  Naughton  '87  is  a  tax  attorney 
with  Lourie  6k  Cutler  in  Boston.  Her  husband, 
George  Naughton  B.S.E.  '87,  is  a  consultant  in 
environmental  studies  at  Arthur  D.  Little,  Inc.,  in 
Cambridge,  Mass.  They  live  in  Marblehead,  Mass. 

Gillian  R.  Parker  '87  is  a  senior  designer  with  the 
N.Y.  office  of  Daiker-Howard,  Inc.  She  earned  her 
master's  in  interior  design  from  Pratt  Institute,  New 
York  City. 

Linton  Wells  II  '87  is  a  financial  consultant  with 
Merrill  Lynch  in  Huntington,  W.Va.  He  and  his  wife, 
Beth,  live  in  South  Point,  Ohio. 

Michael  B.  Bayer  '88  has  joined  the  law  firm 
Klinedinst,  Fliehman,  6k  McKillop  in  San  Diego.  He 
received  his  J.D.  in  May  1991  atUNC-Chapel  Hilt's 
law  school. 

Craig  V.  Eister  '88  is  a  consultant  in  the  yield 
management  division  of  American  Airlines  Decision 
Technologies,  based  in  Dallas.  He  graduated  from 
UNC-Chapel  Hill  this  past  May  with  a  master's  in 
operations  research.  He  lives  in  Euless,  Texas. 


Lori  A.  Shepard  '88  earned  her  master's  in  physi- 
cal therapy  from  the  University  of  Indianapolis  Kran- 
nert  School  of  Physical  Therapy  in  December  1991 . 
She  works  in  a  major  rehabilitation  hospital  in  the 
Boston  area. 

David  A.  Simon  '88  was  named  assistant  vice- 
president  with  Kidder,  Peabody  6k  Co.,  where  he  is 
a  stockbroker.  He  and  his  wife,  Sharon,  live  in 
Philadelphia. 

Wayne  T.  Stewart  '88  is  a  doctoral  candidate  in 
school  and  clinical  child  psychology  at  Louisiana 
State  University.  He  and  his  wife,  Trisha,  live  in  New 
Orleans. 

Theresa  Tate  '88  is  pursuing  her  master's  in  inter- 
national affairs  at  the  School  of  Government  and 
International  Studies  at  the  University  of  South  Caro- 
lina in  Columbia.  She  lives  in  Charlotte,  N.C. 


Lee  F.  Veazey  '88,  a  Navy  lieutenant,  completed 
a  six-week  refresher  training  exercise  aboard  the 
destroyer  USS  Comte  De  Grasse,  whose  home  port  is 
Norfolk,  Va.  He  joined  the  Navy  in  May  1988. 

Shellene  Wellnitz  Walker  '88,  M.B.A.  '89  is  a 

senior  consultant  with  Price  Waterhouse.  She  and  her 
Simon,  live  in  Laurel,  Md. 


Linda  F.  Wilson  '88,  who  received  her  M.S.  in 
engineering  from  the  University  of  Texas  at  Austin  in 
1990,  works  at  Microelectronics  and  Computer  Tech- 
nology Corp.  She  is  pursuing  a  Ph.D.  in  computer 
engineering. 

Stanton  S.  Coerr  '89,  a  Marine  first  lieutenant, 
received  his  "wings  of  gold"  as  a  naval  aviator  in 
December  1991.  He  is  stationed  at  MCAS  Camp 
Pendleton,  Calif. 

James  F.  Davis  '89  became  a  naval  aviator  after 
18  months  of  training  at  the  Whiting  Field  Naval  Air 
Station  in  Milton,  Fla.  He  joined  the  Marine  Corps  in 
May  1989. 

Virginia  Spivey  '89  interned  with  the  Charlotte 
Arts  and  Science  Council  by  assisting  them  with  the 
preparations  for  First  Night  Charlotte  '92  and  its 
annual  fund  drive. 

Carol  Moss  Wilhelm  '89,  a  third-year  law  stu- 
dent at  New  York  University,  will  work  at  Pennie  6k 
Edmonds,  a  trademark,  copyright,  and  patent  firm, 
after  graduation.  Her  husband,  Gary  L.  Wilhelm 

'89,  is  an  associate  in  the  Lease  and  Project  Finance 
Group  at  Bankers  Trust  Co.  They  live  in  Manhattan. 

MARRIAGES:  Leslie  A.  Graves  '80  to  John 
Thomas  Fucigna  on  April  15,  1989.  Residence: 
Darien,  Conn...  Stephen  C.  McGonegal 
'80  to  Kim  Marchelle  Reese  on  Dec.  31,  1990.  Resi- 
dence: Greenbelt,  Md....  Suzanne  Dolores 
Constantin  '81  to  Jonathan  James  Stone  on  Dec. 
7.  Residence:  San  Francisco...  Kimberly  A.  Hott 
'82toJohnM.SataliconNov.  12,  1989.  Residence: 
Chicago...  Tracy  Ann  Korbel  '82  to  Timothy 
Joseph  Oliver  on  May  1 1 .  Residence:  Phoenix. . . 
Karen  Elizabeth  Jacobson  '83  to  Daniel 
James  Arlington  on  April  13.  Residence:  Atlantic 
Beach,  Fla....  Eleanore  Reiss  B.S.N.  '83  to 
Gilbert  B.  Kulers  on  Sept.  7.  Residence:  Decatur, 
Ga...  Kimberly  Carole  Sleight  '83  to  Thomas 
Merrill  Lanphear  on  Aug.  3 1 .  Residence:  Chicago. . . 
Mary  Wynn  Bessinger  B.S.E.  '84  to  Joseph 
Edward  Seiter  on  Nov.  23,  1990.  Residence:  New 
York  City...  Laura  Elizabeth  Mauney  '84, 
M.B.A.  '88  to  Daniel  Lavelle  Foster  M.B.A. 
'88  on  May  26,  1990.  Residence:  Reston,  Va.. . . 
Wiley  Jackson  Williams  III  84  cojunko 

Ikezu  on  Aug.  1 1 .  Residence:  Austin,  Texas. . .  Meg 
Mataraso  Hochman  '85  to  Russell  C.  Hochman 
on  Sept.  7.  Residence:  New  York  City...  Paula 
L.  Nelson  '85  to  John  Jay  Cox  on  May  25,  1990. 
Residence:  Reedsville,  Wis....  Frances  Leigh 
'85  to  Damian  L.  Halstad  on  June  8.  Resi- 


dence: Westminster,  Md....  Cameron  Jule 
Conner  '86  to  Daniel  Bryce  on  Sept.  14.  Residence: 
Falls  Church,  Va....  Martha  "Martica"  Leder- 
man '86  to  Beny  Rub  on  Aug.  18.  Residence: 
Golden  Beach,  Fla....  Amy  Beth  Horowitz  '87 
to  George  Patrick  Naughton  B.S.E.  '87  on 
April  27,  1991.  Residence:  Marblehead,  Mass.... 
Eileen  Sharon  Margolies  '87  to  Dewey  Lee 
Raynor  Jr.  on  Nov.  9.  Residence:  Apex,  N.C. . .  Lin- 
ton Wells  II  '87  to  Beth  Ferguson  on  March  6. 
Residence:  South  Point,  Ohio...  Daniel  Lavelle 
Foster  M.B.A.  '88  to  Laura  Elizabeth 
Mauney  '84,  M.B.A.  '88  on  May  26,  1990.  Resi- 
dence: Reston,  Va....  Stacy  Lynn  Moyer  '88  to 
Michael  Nicolai  Narlis  on  Oct.  12.  Residence:  Chesa- 
peake, Va....  Wendy  Van  Peenan  '88  to  Robert 
A.  Nizzardini  on  Sept.  7.  Residence:  Bryn  Mawr,  Pa... 
David  A.  Simon  '88  to  Sharon  M.  Kains  on  Nov. 
2.  Residence:  Philadelphia. ..  Wayne  T.  Stewart 
'88  to  Patricia  Ann  Johnson  on  June  1 .  Residence: 
New  Orleans...  Theresa  Lynne  Tate  '88  to 
William  Hemingway  on  March  21.  Residence:  Char- 
lotte, N.C...  Shellene  A.  Wellnitz  '88,  M.B.A. 
'89  to  Simon  B.  Walker  on  Sept.  28.  Residence:  Lau- 
rel, Md      Carol  A.  Moss  89  to  Gary  L.  Wil- 
helm '89  on  Sept.  14.  Residence:  New  York  City. 

BIRTHS:  First  child  and  daughter  to  Joe  M. 
Hamilton  '80  and  Karen  Lynn  Kuwata  on  July  28. 
Named  Samantha  Leigh. . .  First  child  and  daughter  to 
Edward  R.  Laskowski  '80  and  Linda  Chio- 
vari  Laskowski  '80  on  Sept.  6.  Named  Elizabeth 
Anne...  A  son  to  Stephen  C.  McGonegal  '80 
and  Kim  Reese  McGonegal  on  Feb.  22,  1991.  Named 
Brian  Cody. . .  Second  child  and  first  son  to  Mark 
Glen  Schwartz  '80  and  Sharon  Schwartz  on  Nov. 
5.  Named  Michael  Harris. . .  Second  child  and  first 
daughter  to  Rhonda  R.  Stewart  '80  and  George 
C.  Poore  on  Dec.  19.  Named  Lauren  Elizabeth... 

Second  child  and  first  son  to  Gregory  J.  Bam- 
berger '82  and  Bemadette  Bamberger  on  June  14. 
Named  Gregory  Joseph  Jr. . . .  First  child  and  son  to 
Annette  Lathrop  Bingaman  '82  and  Steven 
Bingaman  on  Aug.  1 0.  Named  Alexander. . .  Son  to 

Kathy  Anderson  Giannuzzi  '82  and  John 

Giannuzzi  '83  on  Aug.  13.  Named  Matthew 
Ryan...  Second  child  and  daughter  to  John 
Glover  '82  and  Katrina  Weinig  on  Feb.  3.  Named 
Grace  Isabel...  Third  son  to  Ellen  Bowyer  Har- 
ward  '82  and  J.  Scott  Harward  '79  on  July  30. 
Named  Phillip  Scott...  First  child  to  Kimberly  A. 
Hott  '82  and  John  M.  Satalic  on  Dec.  31.  Named 
Michael  David. . .  First  child  and  son  to  Holly 
Krashes  Savino  '82  and  William  Savino  on  Dec. 
2.  Named  LandonTash...  Second  child  and  son  to 
Anne  Corsa  Carlon  M.D.  '83  and  Graziano 
Carlon  on  Sept.  8.  Named  Timothy  Andrew. . .  Third 
child  and  first  daughter  to  Julie  Hess  Farnham 
'83  and  Stuart  T.  Farnham  '83  on  Aug.  9. 
NamedElizabeth  Spindler...  Son  to  John  Gian- 
nuzzi '83  and  Kathy  Anderson  Giannuzzi 
'82  on  Aug.  13.  Named  Matthew  Ryan. . .  Son  to 
Renee  Meyer  Masserey  '83  and  Jean-Luc 
Masserey  on  Jan.  4,  1991,  in  Basel,  Switzerland. 
Named  Antoine  Robert...  Second  child  and  second 
son  to  Yvette  Marie  Sally  83  and  Ronald  O. 
Sally  '84  on  Nov.  1.  Named  Quintin 
Bartholomew...  Second  child  and  first  daughter  to 
Valerie  CroftonHarris  '84  and  Welford  David 
Harris  on  March  6.  Named  Alexandra  Grace...  First 
child  and  daughter  to  Laura  Elizabeth 
Mauney  '84,  M.B.A.  '88  and  Daniel  Lavelle 
Foster  M.B.A.  '88  on  Oct.  28.  Named  Taylor  Bren- 
dell...  First  child  and  daughter  to  Russell  D. 
Owen  '84,  Ph.D.  '89  and  Elizabeth  Harris 
Owen  '85  on  Aug.  13.  Named  Lucy  Magnolia... 
Second  child  and  second  son  to  Ronald  O.  Sally 
'84  and  Yvette  Marie  Sally  '83  on  Nov.  1 . 

Named  Quintin  Bartholomew. . .  First  child  and 
daughter  to  Alice  Lucretia  Mays  Saunders 
'84  and  Christopher  James  Saunders  '84  on 


27 


Sept.  29.  Named  Alexis  Anne. . .  First  child  and 
daughter  to  Cynthia  A.  Granroth  Luis- 
Guerra  '85  and  Antonio  Luis-Guerra  on  Sept.  18. 
Named  Alicia  Lynn. . .  Second  child  and  first  daugh- 
ter to  Timothy  D.  Pettit  '85  and  Ann  M.  Pettit 
on  Nov.  5.  Named  Elizabeth  Ann. . .  First  child  and 
son  to  Frank  Putzu  '85  and  Sandra  Nance 
Putzu  '85  on  Nov.  20.  Named  Michael  Nance... 
First  child  and  son  to  A.  David  Ryan  '85  and 
Kelly  Perkins  Ryan  '85  on  Dec.  9.  Named 
Casey  Talbot. . .  First  child  and  son  to  Catherine 
Richard  McCarthy  '86  and  Gary  James  McCarthy 
on  Sept.  20.  Named  Edward  James...  First  child  and 
son  to  Catherine  Morgan  Sherry  Mariakakis 
'87  and  Johnny  Mariakakis  on  Aug.  12.  Named 
Alexander  Timothy. . .  First  child  and  daughter  to 
Daniel  Lavelle  Foster  MBA.  '88  and  Laura 
Elizabeth  Mauney  '84,  M.B.A.  '88  on  Oct.  28. 
Named  Taylor  Brendell. 


90s 


Etienne  C.  Marchot  Ph.D.  '90  is  the  European 
marketing  manager  with  Balchem  Corp.  in  Slate  Hill, 
N.Y.  He  will  move  back  to  Brussels,  Belgium,  in  late 
1992  to  run  the  European  office. 

Jennifer  Lynn  GimerJ.D.  '91  has  joined  the 
litigation  department  of  the  Atlanta  law  firm  Alston 
&  Bird.  She  was  research  editor  of  the  Duke  Law 
Journal  and  a  member  of  the  Order  of  the  Coif. 

Dara  Suzanne  Grossinger  J.D.  '91  has  joined 
the  litigation  department  of  the  Atlanta  law  firm 
Alston  6k  Bird. 

Caryn  Coppedge  McNeill  J.D.  '91  is  practicing 
environmental  law  with  Smith,  Anderson,  Blount, 
Dorsett,  Mitchell,  &  Jemigan  in  Raleigh. 

Phillip  A.  Poley  '91  is  a  general  assignment 
reporter  with  the  Winchester  Sun.  He  lives  in  Lexing- 
ton, Ky. 

Andrew  Preiss  '91,  the  artist  who  created  two 
metal  sculptures  that  were  displayed  in  the  Bryan 
Center,  received  a  seasonal  grant  from  the  Durham 
Art  Guild  and  had  a  metal  mobile,  "Oropendola 
Lumina,"  displayed  in  the  Durham  Arts  Council 
lobby.  He  and  his  wife,  Alison  Green,  live  in  Durham. 

MARRIAGES:  Jason  Rhea  Dittrich  '90  to 
Melissa  Dale  Smith  '90  on  Dec.  28.  Residence: 
Dallas. 


DEATHS 


Luther  LaFayette  Gobbel  18,  A.M.  27  of 
Durham  on  Dec.  20.  A  World  War  1  veteran,  he 
earned  his  Ph.D.  from  Yale  in  1934-  He  was  president 
of  Greensboro  College  from  1935  until  1952,  when  he 
became  president  of  Lambuth  College  in  Jackson, 
Tenn.  After  retiring  in  1962,  he  served  as  interim 
president  of  Alabama's  Athens  College  i.i  1969  and 
1970.  He  was  also  the  author  of  several  books.  He  is 
survived  by  his  wife,  Ellen  Huckabee  Gobbel 
'28,  A.M.  '31;  a  son,  L.  Russell  Gobbel  '52;  a 
daughter;  two  sisters;  and  four  grandchildren. 

Alex  E.  Ashe  '21,  M.Ed.  '33  on  Jan.  5,  at  his 
Durham  home.  He  was  principal  of  Bragtown  School 
from  1930  to  1942  and  of  Hillandale  School  from 
1945  to  1964.  He  taught  men's  Bible  class  and  served 
on  the  administrative  board  at  Bethany  United 
Methodist  Church.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Jane, 
two  daughters,  twin  brother  James  E.  Ashe  '21, 
three  sisters,  and  four  grandchildren. 


Clifton  P.  Ashley  '22  of  Goode,  Va.,  on  Oct.  21, 
1990. 

Donald  Hayes  Conley  '23  of  Greenville,  N.C., 
on  Jan.  24.  He  was  superintendent  of  Pitt  County 
schools  from  1932  until  1965,  and  had  retired  in  1989 
as  attendance  counselor  for  the  school  system.  While 
at  Duke,  he  was  a  membet  of  Phi  Beta  Kappa.  He  is 
survived  by  his  wife,  Eugenia,  a  son,  two  sisters, 
including  Mabel  C.  Conley  '30,  and  two  grand- 
children. 

Edwin  P.  Gibson  '23  of  Laurel  Hill,  N.C.,  on 
Jan.  22.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Fannie  McCall 
Gibson,  and  two  children,  including  ^ 
'62. 


Mary  Wilkinson  Joyner  '24  of  Greensboro, 
N.C,  on  June  26,  1991.  She  is  survived  by  a  son, 
Frank  B.  Joyner,  Jr.  '57,  and  a  daughter, 
A.  Joyner  M.A.T.  '60. 


Ray  E.  Downey  '25  of  Charlotte,  N.C,  on  Sept. 

20. 

Carolyne  Shooter  Kyles  '26  of  Charlotte, 
N.C,  on  Nov.  9.  A  retired  music  and  school  teacher, 
she  was  a  former  president  of  the  N.C.  Poetry  Society 
and  the  author  of  a  book  of  poetry,  Lines  to  Someone. 
She  is  survived  by  two  grandsons,  one  granddaughter, 
and  two  great-gtandchildren. 

Vester  M.  Mulholland  '26,  A.M.  '27  of  Raleigh, 
on  Jan.  18.  The  Durham  native  earned  his  Ph.D.  in 
teacher  education  from  UNC-Chapel  Hill.  He  was  a 
teacher  and  principal  at  N.C.  and  Va.  schools  before 
becoming  a  professor  at  East  Catolina  University  and 
at  the  College  of  William  and  Mary.  In  1952,  he  was  a 
member  of  the  first  American  education  mission  to 
Korea  sponsored  by  the  State  Department,  chaired  a 
mission  in  1953  sponsored  by  the  United  Nations, 
and  was  honoted  by  the  Korean  government  for  his 
participation.  He  was  then  named  director  of  the 
research  and  development  division  of  the  N.C. 
Department  of  Public  Instruction.  He  is  survived  by 


Blanche  McKenzie  Broadway  Ardeeser 

'27,  A.M.  '29  of  Dallas,  Texas,  on  Sept.  18.  She  was  a 
retired  Navy  lieutenant.  She  is  survived  by  a  brother. 


Alice  A.  Barnes  '27  of  Durham,  on  Oct.  23.  She 
had  worked  at  the  Pink  Smock  at  Duke  Medical  Cen- 
ter for  several  years.  She  is  survived  by  two  sons, 
including  Ralph  W.  Barnes  B.S.E.E.  '58  ,  Ph.D. 
'69,  and  four  grandchildren. 

Sidney  B.  Gambill  '27  of  Jefferson,  N.C.  He  is 
survived  by  his  wife,  Myrtle  Reeves  Gambill 

'27. 

John  H.  Westbrook  '27  of  Boston,  Mass.,  on 
Dec  3 1 .  A  retired  congregational  minister,  he  was  a 
Navy  chaplain  and  a  lieutenant  commander  during 
World  War  II.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Margaret,  a 
daughter,  a  son,  four  grandchildren,  and  three  great- 
grandsons. 

Margaret  Elizabeth  "Lib"  Craven  '28  of 

Durham,  on  Dec.  3.  While  at  Duke,  she  was  a  member 
of  Phi  Beta  Kappa.  She  had  taught  school  in  western 
North  Carolina,  worked  as  a  lab  technician  at  Duke, 
and  had  retired  from  the  N.C.  Department  of  Motor 
Vehicles.  She  is  survived  by  three  nieces. 

George  R.  Elmore  Sr.  '28  of  Jacksonville,  Fla., 
on  Jan.  30,  1991.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  May 
Smith  Elmore  '29;  two  sons,  including  G.  Ray 
Elmore  B.S.C.E.  '57;  and  a  daughter,  Alice 
Elmore  Richardson  '62. 

William  Beatty  Farr  Jr.  28  on  June  25, 1991. 

Louise  W.  Sloan  '28  of  Arlington,  Va.,  on  Jan.  5. 
She  was  a  retired  real  estate  and  insurance  broker  in 
Davidson,  N.C. 


John  H.  Newlin  Sr.  '29  of  Orlando,  Fla. 
Paul  J.  Stacy  '29  of  Shelby,  N.C. 


'29  of  Kings 

Mountain,  N.C,  on  Nov.  7.  He  was  the  retired  owner 
and  operator  of  Summerow  Furniture  Co.  in  Gasto- 
nia.  He  is  survived  by  a  son;  four  daughters,  including 

N.  Cynthia  Summerow  Anderson  '55  and 
S.  Jeanne  Summerow  McPherson  '62;  11 

grandchildren;  and  four  great-grandchildren. 

Donelson  Caffery  Glassie  '30  of  Chevy 

Chase,  Md.,  on  Oct.  8.  He  was  an  engineer  and  the 
founder  and  chief  executive  officer  of  the  engineering 
firm  Don  Caffery  Glassie  Co.  While  at  Duke,  he 
played  on  the  tennis  team.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Clair,  a  sister,  three  sons,  two  daughters,  12  grandchil- 
dren, and  two  great-grandchildren. 

Thomas  W.  Ward  '30  of  Albemarle,  N.C,  on 


i  Warner  Bennett  '31  on  March  20, 
1990.  He  was  a  retired  major  of  the  U.S.  Army.  He  is 
survived  by  a  brother. 

Dorothy  Louise  Crook  Gleichman  A.M. 

'31  of  Cameron,  S.C.,  on  Jan.  2.  She  had  retired  from 
the  National  Radiation  Laboratory  in  California,  and 
had  taught  public  school  for  several  years.  She  is  sur- 
vived by  two  nephews  and  a  niece. 


D.  Harris  '31  of  Tuckerman,  Ark.,  on 
May  18,  1989.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife. 

Edward  Booth  Timmons  Jr.  '31  of  Columbia, 
S.C.,  on  Oct.  29, 1990.  He  was  the  retired  president 
of  Timmons  Oil  Co. 

Allen  F.  Downum  '32  of  Edenton,  N.C,  on 
Jan.  30,  1990.  He  was  an  optometrist.  He  is  survived 
by  his  wife. 

Lonnie  W.  Williams  '32  of  Walnut  Cove,  N.C, 
on  Nov.  11,  of  cancer.  He  was  the  retired  owner  and 
operator  of  Walnut  Cove  Realty  and  Insurance  Co. 
He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Dot,  two  sons,  including 
Robert  B.  Williams  '67,  and  three  grandsons. 

Elizabeth  West  Kluttz  '33  of  Albemarle, 

N.C,  on  June  16,  1991.  She  is  survived  by  a  sister, 

West  Uhrich  40. 


Lucile  D.  Ramsaur  '33  of  Charlotte,  N.C,  on 
Dec.  10. 

Mary  Grace  Dula  '34  of  Charlotte,  N.C,  on  Nov. 
25,  1990.  She  is  survived  by  a  son,  Armon  Dula 
B.S.M.E.  '62,  and  a  grandson,  Steve  Armon 
Dula  90 

Edson  Morgan  Davies  Pease  B.S.E.  '34  of 
Greensboro,  N.C,  on  Oct.  3.  He  was  retired  as  execu- 
tive vice  president  for  ITT  Grinnell  Co.  He  is  sur- 
vived by  his  wife,  Jaxie  Cozart  Pease  '31;  two 
sons,  including  Edson  C.  Pease  '62;  four  sisters; 
and  two  granddaughters. 


Rudy  '34  of  Raleigh,  on  Nov.  7. 
He  was  a  member  of  Duke's  Half  Century  Club.  He  is 
survived  by  his  wife,  a  son,  a  daughter,  a  sister,  a  grand- 
son, and  two  granddaughters. 

Marion  Esten  Stratton  '34  of  Needham,  Mass., 
on  Oct.  17.  She  was  a  retired  supervisor  for  Polaroid 
Corp.'s  film  law  division. 

Edna  Triplett  Coder  A.M.  '35  of  Charlotte, 
N.C,  on  March  23,  1990. 

Walter  Bergman  Frank  A.M.  '35  of  West  Palm 
Beach,  Fla.,  in  October  1988. 

Everett  E.  Revercomb  '35  of  McLean,  Va.,  in 
May  1991. 

Franklin  H.  Cook  J.D.  '36  of  State  College,  Pa. 
He  was  a  professor  emeritus  of  business  law  at  Penn 
State  and  an  accomplished  scholar  of  economics  and 


public  utilities.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  a  son,  and  a 
granddaughter. 

O.  Lawrence  Dortch  '36  of  Nashville,  Term.,  on 
Nov.  19.  He  practiced  law  in  Nashville  for  45  years 
and  was  a  partnet  with  Walter  Lansden  Dortch  and 
Davis.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Margaret,  two  daugh- 
ters, a  sister,  two  nephews,  and  five  grandchildren. 

William  M.  Hart  A.M.  '36  of  Washington,  D.C., 
on  Oct.  2.  He  retired  in  the  mid-1970s  after  29  years 
with  the  Foreign  Service.  Until  1980,  he  taught  French 
and  Spanish  in  Virginia  Beach.  He  is  survived  by  his 

wife,  Celeste  Clinkscales  Hart  '41,  two  sons, 

a  sister,  and  two  grandsons. 

Samuel  G.  McQuade  '36  of  Sun  City,  Ariz.,  on 
July  3.  He  is  survived  by  wife,  Louise  Relyea 
McQuade  36. 


'36  of  Baltimore,  Md.,  on  Nov. 
1.  He  retired  after  42  years  with  the  Waverly  Press  in 
1979  as  vice  president  of  sales.  He  is  survived  by  his 
wife,  Nina,  four  children,  and  one  brother,  Thomas 
C.  Sager  38. 


>r  A.M.  '36,  Ph.D.  '42 
of  Columbia,  S.C.,  on  June  15,  1990.  He  was  a  profes- 
sor emeritus  of  Southern  literature  at  the  University 
of  South  Carolina.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Mar- 
guerite, two  daughters,  a  stepdaughter,  a  stepson,  a 
sister,  and  a  brother. 

John  K.  Betters  worth  Ph.D.  '37  of  Jackson, 
Miss.,  on  Dec.  3 1 .  He  was  a  former  academic  vice 
president  and  dean  emeritus  at  Mississippi  State  Uni- 
versity in  Jackson.  He  also  wrote  10  books,  including 
several  on  the  history  of  Mississippi.  He  is  survived  by 
his  wife,  Anne,  a  daughter,  and  two  grandchildren. 

Charles  F.  Byrum  B.S.E.E.  '37  of  New  Hartford, 
N.Y.,  on  Oct.  9.  He  retired  from  General  Electric  in 
1983  after  46  years  with  the  company.  He  is  survived 
by  his  wife,  Catherine,  a  daughter,  a  son,  a  sister,  and 
three  brothers. 

George  Drennen  Davis  Sr.  '37  of  High  Point, 
N.C.,  on  Jan.  18.  He  was  a  sales  representative  spe- 
cializing in  estate  planning  with  Connecticut  Mutual 
Life  Insurance  Co.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Ruth, 
two  sons,  a  daughter,  one  brother,  and  three  grand- 
children. 

Jean  Miller  Friedland  '37  of  San  Diego,  Calif., 
on  Nov.  7,  1990. 


Frederick  R.  Lauther  B.S.M.E.  '37  of  Bethle- 
hem, Pa.,  on  Jan.  20. 

Audrey  Peacock  Lott  A.M.  '37  of  Zephyrhills, 
Fla.,  on  May  10,  1990,  of  cancer.  She  is  survived  by 
her  husband,  H.B.,  and  two  daughters,  including 

Adajean  Lott  Samson  '60. 

John  S.  Moore  '37  of  Batavia,  Ohio,  on  Dec.  24, 
1990. 


Ely  Newton  '37  on  March  14, 1991.  He 
is  survived  by  his  wife,  Susan,  and  a  son,  Richard 
Ely  Newton  '70. 

Anne  Gwin  Vaughan  '37  of  Natchez,  Miss.,  on 
Sept.  30.  She  is  survived  by  her  daughter. 


B.D.  '38  of  Durham,  on  Jan. 
10,  following  a  long  illness.  A  retired  minister  of  the 
N.C.  Conference  of  the  United  Methodist  Church, 
he  was  executive  secretary  of  the  confetence's  board 
of  education  for  more  than  20  years  and  the  developer 
of  four  camps  in  North  Carolina.  He  is  survived  by  his 
wife,  Myra;  a  daughter;  sons  Jerome  P.  Morris 
B.S.E.E.  '61,  Joel  J.  Morris  '63,  and  David  C. 
Morris  '74,  M.D.  '78;  and  four  grandchildren. 

J.  Lake  Williams  '38  of  Greenville,  S.C.,  on 
July  24.  He  was  a  retired  Gulf  Oil  distributor  and 
former  secretary  of  Alice  Manufacturing  Co.  While 
at  Duke,  he  was  president  of  the  Pi  Kappa  Phi 


fraternity  and  an  honorary  member  of  Kappa  Alpha 
Psi.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Elizabeth,  a  daughter, 
and  four  grandchildren. 

Mary  Clay  Brenner  '39  of  Macon,  Ga.,  on  Sept. 
12.  While  at  Duke,  she  was  a  member  of  Kappa  Delta 
sorority.  She  is  survived  by  her  husband,  James,  two 
sons,  a  brother,  and  three  grandchildren. 

Nellie  Gordon  Hess  R.N.  '39  of  Port  Hueneme, 
Calif.,  on  Nov.  3.  She  was  a  flight  attendant  for  TWA. 

Esther  Moon  Badger  '40  of  Greensboro,  N.C, 
onjan.31,1991. 

E.  Betner  '40  of  Haverford,  Pa.,  on 


Miriam  MacDorman  Cooley  '40  of  Houston, 

Texas,  on  Dec.  16.  She  was  a  partner  with  Cooley  and 
Cooley,  Ltd. 

Earl  C.  Metz  M.Ed.  '40  of  Columbus,  Ohio,  on 
July  5.  He  was  a  retired  Capital  University  professor 
and  former  head  of  Capital's  department  of  education. 
He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Helen,  and  three  sons, 
including  Earl  N.  Metz  '57,  M.D.  '61. 

R.  Wayne  Rundles  M.D.  '40  of  Durham,  on 
Nov.  1.  He  was  a  professor  emeritus  of  medicine  at 
Duke,  having  taught  and  served  as  chief  of  the  hema- 
tology service  for  29  years.  A  former  president  of  the 
American  Cancer  Society,  he  collaborated  with  Bur- 
roughs Wellcome  scientists  in  the  study  of  compounds 
now  used  in  cancer  chemotherapy,  gout,  and  other 


Santa  Fe,  New  Mexico 


July  21-26,  1992 


THE  ARTS  OF  THE 
SOUTHWEST 


Discover  the  rich  heritage  and  beauty 
of  the  American  Southwest  as  you 
journey  with  us  to  Santa  Fe,  one  of 
the  largest  art  centers  in  the  country. 

In  this  travel/study  program  we  will 
spend  time  exploring  the  architecture, 
and  cultural  geography  of  this 
region.  You  will  visit  the  studios 


arts  a 
uniqu 


of  practicing  artists,  explore  galleries 
and  museums,  trek  through  archaeo- 
logical sites,  attend  a  performance  of 
the  renowned  Santa  Fe  Opera,  and 
experience  the  sights  and  sounds  of 
opening  day  at  the  Traditional 
Spanish  Market. 

For  further  information  contact: 
Deborah  Fowlkes,  Director 
Alumni  Continuing  Education 
614  Chapel  Drive 
Durham,  North  Carolina  27706 
919  684-5114  or  800  367-3853 


diseases.  He  helped  develop  the  Duke  Museum  of  Art 
and  Cultural  Services  program  at  Duke  Hospital.  He 
is  survived  by  his  wife,  Margo;  three  daughters, 
including  Susanna  Rundles  Dunn  '63  and 
Charlotte  Cunningham-Rundles  '65;  a  son, 
Ward  F.  Cunningham-Rundles  '67;  three 
sisters;  a  brother;  and  two  grandchildren. 

Ernest  R.  Anderson  M.Ed.  '41  of  Fort  Valley, 
Ga.,  on  Dec.  2.  He  had  retired  as  school  superinten- 
dent of  Peach  County.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Marie,  two  sons,  two  daughters,  three  brothers,  two 
sisters,  and  six  grandchildren. 

Stewart  G.  Brown  '41  of  Louisville,  Ky.,  on 
Nov.  3. 

Jack  Louis  Hardy  '41  of  Charlotte,  N.C.,  on 
Jan.  30.  He  had  retired  as  president  of  Hardy  Oil,  Inc., 
which  he  founded  in  1968.  While  at  Duke,  he  played 
football  on  the  1939  Rose  Bowl  team.  He  is  survived 
by  his  wife,  Frances,  a  son,  two  sisters,  two  stepsons,  a 
stepdaughter,  two  grandaughters,  and  three  step- 
grandsons. 

Charles  A.  Lord  A.M.  '41  of  Lancaster,  Pa.,  on 
June  27,  1991. 


'41onJan.21.Sheis 
survived  by  her  husband,  Gordon  C.  MacLeod 
'41,  and  a  daughter,  Constance  MacLeod 


Anthony  J.  Ruffa  '41  of  Petersburg,  Va.,  on  May 
31,  1991.  While  at  Duke,  he  played  football  on  the 
1939  Rose  Bowl  team. 


Cynthia  Bennett  Stuart  '41  of  Prosperity, 

S.C.,  on  April  26, 1985. 

James  Young  Coppedge  '42  of  Wilmington, 
N.C.,  on  Jan.  1,  of  cancer.  A  retired  sales  and  market- 
ing executive,  he  served  in  the  U.S.  Navy  during 
World  War  II.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Karen,  a 
stepson,  a  granddaughter,  two  brothers,  and  a  sister. 


'42  of  New  York  City,  on 


Sept.  23. 

Carl  Hosea  Deal  Jr.  '42,  Ph.D.  '44  of  Houston, 
Texas,  on  May  17,  1991.  He  developed  several 
patents  in  the  field  of  solution  chemistry  and  had 
retired  from  Westhollow  Research  Labs  in  Houston. 
While  at  Duke,  he  was  a  member  of  Sigma  Xi  and  Phi 
Beta  Kappa.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Virginia 
Zerfass  Deal  '44;  a  daughter,  Julia  Zerfass 
Carter  '78;  and  three  sons,  including  Milton 
Zerfass  Deal  '81. 

John  G.  Gait  B.S.M.E  '42  of  Cocoa  Beach,  Fla., 
in  December  1990.  He  was  a  retired  engineer  for  Pan 
American  at  Cape  Canaveral.  He  is  survived  by  his 
wife,  Dorothy  Saville  Gait  '41;  four  children, 
including  Susan  Gait  Bittermann  '67;  seven 
grandchildren;  a  sister;  and  a  brother, 
Gait  '43. 


D.  Powell  M.Ed.  '42,  of  Apex,  N.C.,  on 
Aug.  7.  He  was  owner  and  operater  of  Varina  Whole- 
sale Builders  Supply  and  three  Powell  Brothers  Ford 
dealerships.  He  was  also  the  president  of  Apex  Devel- 
opment Corp.,  served  on  the  Wake  County  Board  of 
Commissioners,  chaired  the  Wake  County  Hospital 
Authority,  and  was  instrumental  in  renovating  the 
Old  Apex  Train  Depot  into  the  new  Apex  Commu- 
nity Library,  earning  him  the  1972  Apex  Citizen  of 
the  Year  Award.  He  is  survived  by  two  daughters,  five 
brothers,  three  sisters,  and  seven  grandchildren. 

William  Charles  Marshall  B.S.E.E.  '43  of 

Sherman,  Texas,  on  Jan.  6.  He  was  retired  as  execu- 
tive vice  president  of  Grayson  Bank  in  Sherman.  He 
is  survived  by  his  wife,  Lillian,  a  son,  two  daughters, 
and  a  sister. 

'43  of  Oceanside,  Calif.,  on  Jan. 


Stell  '43  of  Hickory,  N.C.  He  was 
employed  by  Carolina  Container  Co. 

Albert  Jerviss  Alter  M.D.  '44  of  Green  Valley, 
Ariz.,  on  Dec.  8.  He  was  an  eye  surgeon  and  a  volun- 
teer for  the  Arizona  Medical  Eye  Unit.  He  is  survived 
by  his  wife,  Priscilla,  a  daughter,  two  sons,  two  step- 
sons, a  sister,  and  seven  grandchildren. 


.S.C.E. '44  of  Raleigh  on 
Jan.  1.  He  had  retired  as  district  manager  of  Aramco 
Construction  Products  in  the  Carolinas  and  Virginia. 
He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Jane,  a  son,  brothers 

David  C.  Black  '47  and  Robert  W.  Black 

'54,  and  two  sisters. 

William  Joseph  Fetter  M.D.  '44  of  Raleigh,  on 
Nov.  20.  A  former  obstetrician-gynecologist  in  Balti- 
more, he  retired  to  Raleigh  10  years  ago  and  joined 
the  staff  of  the  Wake  County  Department  of  Health. 
He  is  survived  by  two  daughters,  including  Susan 
L.  Fetter  74,  and  a  brother. 

William  W.  Karl  B.S.C.E.  '44  of  W.  Nyack,  N.Y. 
He  worked  for  New  York  Trap  Rock  Corp. 

Frank  P.  Richardson  '45  of  Nashua,  Mass.,  on 
July  22,  of  a  heart  attack.  A  corporate  director  of  pur- 
chasing for  Nashua  Corp.,  he  was  a  certified  purchas- 
ing manager  for  the  National  Association  of  Purchas- 
ing Managers  and  an  adult  Scout  leader.  He  served 
the  Marine  Corps  as  an  artillery  officer  in  World  War 
II  and  in  Korea.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Lorraine, 
and  two  sons. 

A.  John  Riggall  Jr.  '45,  LL.B.  '47  of  Roswell, 

Ga.,  on  Nov.  7.  After  retiring  as  senior  vice  president 
and  director  of  marketing  for  C&.S  National  Bank,  he 
was  a  professor  of  marketing  at  Georgia  State  Univer- 
sity. He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Mary  Elizabeth,  three 
sons,  his  stepmother,  four  stepdaughters,  two  grand- 
children, and  eight  step-grandchildren. 

Waverly  G.  Smith  '45  of  Minnetonka,  Minn.,  on 
Oct.  11.  He  was  the  retired  president  and  chief  oper- 
ating officer  of  the  St.  Paul  Companies.  He  is  survived 
by  his  wife,  Kathleen,  two  daughters,  a  son,  and  seven 
grandchildren. 


Campbell  Smith  '46  of  Cape  Coral, 
Fla.,  on  Nov.  6.  He  had  retired  from  the  City  of  Cape 
Coral.  While  in  Durham,  he  was  the  first  chairman  of 
the  Duke  Men's  Golf  Association.  He  is  survived  by  a 
son,  Richard  Alan  Smith  '70,  a  granddaughter, 
and  a  grandson. 

Harold  Anthony  "Lou"  Bello  '47  of  Chapel 
Hill  on  Oct.  7.  A  former  referee  and  umpire,  he  was  a 
sportscaster  for  local  radio  and  television  stations.  He 
also  taught  math  in  Raleigh.  While  at  Duke,  he  had 
his  education  interrupted  by  World  War  II,  and  he 
served  in  the  Army  Air  Force  as  a  bombardier.  After 
liberation  as  a  German  prisoner  of  war,  he  returned  to 
Duke  and  was  elected  student  body  president. 

Marian  Van  Trine  Davis  '47  of  Tallahassee, 
Fla.,  on  Dec.  5.  While  at  Duke,  she  was  a  member  of 
Kappa  Kappa  Gamma  sorority.  She  is  survived  by  her 
husband,  Bruce  G.  Davis  '47,  two  daughters,  and 
three  grandchildren. 

Leo  Francis  Labyak  M.F.  '47,  D.F.  '51  on 
Aug.  20. 

William  S.  Lamparter  '47  of  Hickory,  N.C.,  on 
Jan.  21.  He  was  retired  as  vice  president  of  Century 
Furniture  Co. 

Shirley  Ann  Whitlock  '47  of  Warren,  Ohio,  on 
July  18.  She  worked  for  the  Ohio  Bureau  of  Employ- 
ment Services.  She  is  survived  by  a  daughter  and  a 
granddaughter. 

Carl  S.  Burgert  '48  of  St.  Petersburg,  Fla.,  on 
Sept.  3. 


Arthur  Ryker  Hall  Ph.D.  '48  of  Harrisonburg, 
Va.,  on  Jan.  2 1 .  He  was  retired  as  chief  of  the  Eastern 
Europe  branch  of  the  geography  division  of  the  Cen- 
tral Intelligence  Agency  and  as  professor  of  geography 
at  James  Madison  University.  He  is  survived  by  his 
wife,  Martha,  and  two  daughters. 

Samuel  Turner  Ingram  '48ofMooresville, 
N.C,  on  June  18,  1991.  He  was  a  retired  restaurant 
owner/operator  in  Mooresville.  He  is  survived  by  his 
wife,  Mabel,  a  son,  a  daughter,  a  brother,  a  sister,  and 
four  grandchildren. 

Eugene  Norwood  Forrester  '49,  M.D.  '54  of 
Winter  Park,  Fla.,  on  Oct.  19.  He  was  a  retired  physi- 
cian and  chief  of  staff  at  Winter  Park  Memorial  Hos- 
pital. While  at  Duke,  he  was  a  member  of  the  Racquet 
Club  and  Davison  Club.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Frances,  daughter  Cynthia  Patrice  Forrester 
'74,  three  sons,  and  four  grandchildren. 

Isolee  Gile  Goode  Carpenter  '50  of  Con- 
cord, N.C,  on  Nov.  15.  She  was  vice  president  of 
Security  Oil  Co.  While  at  Duke,  she  was  a  member 
of  Kappa  Delta  sorority.  She  is  survived  by  her  hus- 
band, Grady  S.  Carpenter  '50;  sons  Grady  S. 
Carpenter  Jr.  73,  Jeffery  C.  Carpenter 
75,  and  Richard  G.  Carpenter  79;  and  four 

grandchildren. 

Ralph  Miller  M.Div.  '50  of  Morganton,  N.C,  on 
July  22,  of  cancer.  He  was  minister  of  First  United 
Methodist  Church  in  Morganton  and  was  the  chap- 
lain at  the  Western  Carolina  Center  for  23  years.  He 
is  survived  by  his  wife,  Margaret  Harrell  Miller 
A.M.  '48,  two  sons,  three  daughters,  three  brothers, 
two  sisters,  and  five  grandchildren. 

Clyde  L.  Propst  Jr.  '50,  J.D.  '52  of  Concord, 
N.C,  on  May  9,  1991. 

Robert  G.  Jack  J.D.  '51  of  Columbus,  Ohio,  on 
Oct.  2.  He  practiced  law  for  more  than  35  years.  He  is 
survived  by  his  wife,  Helen;  three  sons,  including 
Gary  A.  Jack  J.D.  '84;  a  daughter;  two  grand- 
daughters; a  sister;  and  a  brother. 

Nicholas  V.  Parapid  M.D.  '51  of  Carson  City, 
Nev.,  on  March  11,  1991.  He  was  a  retired  obstetri- 
cian and  gynecologist  and  a  colonel  in  the  U.S.  Army 
Air  Corps.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Pia,  a  son,  two 
daughters,  and  two  grandchildren. 

Robert  Worth  Steagall  '51,  M.D.  '55  of  Char 
lotte,  N.C,  on  Oct.  7.  He  was  a  dermatologist.  He  is 
survived  by  his  wife,  Priscilla,  two  daughters,  and  his 
mother. 


Sullivan  '51  of  Memphis, 
Term.,  on  Oct.  30.  He  was  a  flight  instructor  and 
retired  senior  mediator  for  Memphis  and  Shelby 
County  Juvenile  Courts.  He  was  a  Navy  pilot  during 
World  War  II  and  a  retired  lieutenant  colonel  in  the 
Tennessee  Air  National  Guard.  He  is  survived  by  his 

wife,  Carolyn  Dieter  Sullivan  '52,  four  daugh- 
ters, seven  grandchildren,  and  a  great-grandson. 


'52  of  Prescott,  Ariz.,  on  Dec.  16. 
He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Linda,  six  children,  and  12 
grandchildren. 

John  D.  Douros  '52  of  Winston-Salem,  N.C,  on 
Nov.  12.  He  had  retired  as  vice  president  of  drug 
licensing  for  Bristol-Meyers  in  Wallingford,  Conn.  He 
is  survived  by  his  wife,  Anna. 

William  C.  Hollenbeck  '52  of  Palm  Beach,  Fla., 
on  July  16. 

Chester  F.  Hwang  B.S.M.E.  '52,  A.M.  '56  of  Los 
Alamos,  N.M.,  on  Sept.  25.  He  was  a  professor  at  the 
University  of  Minnesota  and  Northwestern  Univer- 
sity, and  a  staff  member  at  the  Los  Alamos  Scientific 
Lab  until  his  retirement  in  1989.  He  is  survived  by  a 
brother  and  five  children. 


Ralph  S.  McLemore  Jr.  '52  of  Marietta,  Ga., 
on  Oct.  31.  He  was  internal  auditor  and  budget  direc- 
tor  at  Life  College,  as  well  as  an  accounting  professor. 
He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Joan,  three  sons,  a  brother, 
and  two  grandchildren. 

William  Alton  Moody  M.D.  '52  of  Morganton, 
N.C.,  in  April  1985.  He  was  associate  director  of  clin- 
ical services  at  Broughton  Hospital  in  Morganton. 

Alan  Raywid  '52  of  Washington,  D.C.,  on  Nov. 

13.  He  was  a  civil  litigator  with  the  Washington  law 
firm  Cole,  Raywid  &  Braverman  and  a  former  trial 
lawyer  at  the  Justice  Department.  He  was  also  presi- 
dent of  Community  Assistance,  Inc.,  a  nonprofit 
group  in  Washington,  which  oversaw  the  construc- 
tion of  26  low-cost  houses.  He  is  survived  by  a  sister. 

Shirley  A.  Zuckerman  '52  of  New  York  on  July 

27,  after  a  long  illness.  She  worked  as  a  medical  tech- 
nician. She  is  survived  by  her  sister,  Ethel  Zuck- 
'39. 


Edward  Douglas  Means  '53  of  Washington, 
D.C.,  on  Sept.  24-  He  was  a  retired  lawyer,  having 
worked  with  the  firm  Rhyne  and  Rhyne,  the  Federal 
Trade  Commission,  and  the  Chamber  of  Commerce 
of  the  United  States.  He  is  survived  by  his  mother,  a 
sister,  a  niece,  a  nephew,  and  two  great  nieces. 

Robert  A.  Rosenmund  '53  of  Port  Jervis,  N.Y., 
on  Oct.  4.  He  is  survived  by  his  mother  and  a  half- 
brother. 

Kendred  L.  Bryant  Jr.  B.S.E.E.  '54ofGasburg, 
Va.,  on  Nov.  10.  He  was  retired  as  an  engineer  with 
Burlington  Industries  in  Burlington,  N.C.  He  is  sur- 
vived by  his  wife,  Dorothy,  a  son,  two  daughters,  three 
brothers,  a  sister,  and  three  grandchildren. 

Dorothy  Horton  Hamrick  '54  of  Shelby,  N.C, 
on  Jan.  14.  She  was  a  former  teacher  at  Graham  Ele- 
mentary School  in  Shelby  and  was  active  in  several 
civic  organizations.  She  is  survived  by  two  daughters 
and  a  sister. 


Henry  C.  Walling  Jr.  54  < 


,  Wash.,  on 


Dec.  14. 

Bruce  W.  Jones  '56  of  Atlanta  on  Oct.  5. 

C.  Kitchin  "Kitch"  Josey  J  D.  '56  of  Scotland 
Neck,  N.C,  on  May  6, 1991.  He  is  survived  by  his 
wife,  Linnel. 


C.  Donald  Forrest  '57  of  Wyantskill,  N.Y.,  on 
July  6,  of  heart  failure. 


,57oflngleside,IU.,on 
Aug.  7  of  a  heart  attack.  He  was  the  audio-visual 
coordinator  of  the  Evanston,  111.,  public  schools.  He  is 
survived  by  his  wife,  Susan,  and  four  children. 

Gloria  Meyer  White  R.N.  '57,  B.S.N.  '59  of  Fort 
Smith,  Ariz.,  on  Sept.  17,  of  lymphoma.  She  was  a 
nationally  known  advocate  for  the  eldetly  and  the 
founder  of  Project  Compassion.  She  is  survived  by  her 
husband,  J.  Earle  White,  two  daughters,  and  a 
brother. 


R.  Brown  '60  of  Berkeley,  Calif.,  on  Sept. 
21.  A  former  director  of  University  Health  Services 
at  the  University  of  California  at  Berkeley,  he  pio- 
neered programs  on  alcohol  and  drug  abuse,  AIDS, 
contraception,  and  sexually  transmitted  diseases.  He 
is  survived  by  his  two  sons. 

Jean  K.  Ikenberry  '60  of  New  York  City  on 
June  26,  1991 .  She  is  survived  by  her  brother,  Lynn 
D.  Ikenberry  '57 

Karl  P.  Schillig  '60  of  Los  Angeles,  Calif.,  on 
Sept.  4.  He  was  self-employed  as  a  real  estate  broker 
for  20  years. 


Ann  Sugg  '63  of  Charlotte,  N.C.  on  Sept.  8.  She- 
was  vice  president  of  First  Union  Bank  in  Charlotte 
and  a  member  of  the  Washington  Duke  Club.  She  is 
survived  by  her  parents  and  her  brother. 

Jill  Weber  Campell  '64  of  Trenton,  N.J.,  on 
Nov.  30.  A  hospital  auxiliary  member  and  volunteer, 
she  was  finishing  a  Ph.D.  program  in  clinical  psychol- 
ogy at  Fairleigh  Dickinson  University.  She  is  survived 
by  her  husband,  Edward  S.  Campell  '62. 

Helen  Luly  Ripper  B.S.N.  '65  of  Corrales,  N.M., 
on  March  7,  1991. 

Bruce  W.  Kinney  Jr.  B.S.E.  '66  of  Walnut, 
Calif.,  on  May  13,  1990,  of  a  heart  attack. 


J.  Roth  III  E  '66  of  Ardsley,  N.Y.  He  was 
an  employee  of  Ciba-Geigy  Corp. 

Steven  J.  Corey  '67  of  Dallas,  Texas,  on  Aug.  28. 


Muro  '67  of  Boca  Raton,  Fla.,  on 
Sept.  4.  She  was  a  former  teacher  and  administrator  at 
Apple  Montessori  Schools  in  New  Jersey.  She  is  sur- 
vived by  her  daughter,  her  mother,  a  brother,  and  a 
sister. 

Rolf  F.  Ehrhardt  '67  of  Sarasota,  Fla.,  of  a  cere- 
bral hemorrhage  on  Sept.  1.  He  is  survived  by  his 
parents  and  a  sister,  Ursula  M.  Ehrhardt  '65. 


Pogeler  '67  of  Solana  Beach, 
Calif.,  on  Aug.  27,  of  leukemia.  She  worked  for  Mc- 
Kinsey  Consulting  in  Chicago  and  Los  Angeles  and 
taught  writing  at  the  University  of  California,  San 
Diego.  She  is  survived  by  her  husband,  Allen,  two 
sons,  a  sister,  and  her  mother. 

David  Hume  Brothers  '68  of  Hampden,  Mass., 
in  September  1990. 


Jeffrey  L.  Piech  A.M.  '68,  Ph.D.  '70  of  Wilm- 
ington, Del.,  on  Sept.  19,  of  a  heart  attack.  He  was 
employed  by  the  marketing  research  department  at 
Du  Pont  Co.  in  Wilmington.  He  is  survived  by  his 
wife,  Barbara,  two  sons,  his  mother,  and  two  sisters. 

Karen  Byrne  Gordon  B.S.N.  '70  of  Lacey, 
Wash.,  on  Nov.  27. 

Phillip  G.  Nicoll  '70  of  Bellevue,  Wash.,  on 
Oct.  31,  of  a  heart  attack.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Margaret  Gibson  Nicoll  '72,  a  daughter,  his 
parents,  and  two  sisters,  including  Christine 
Nicoll  Alexander  '66. 

William  F.  Neal  Jr.  '71  of  Chapel  Hill,  on  Oct. 

23,  of  pneumonia.  The  former  high  school  English 
teacher  was  chef  and  co-founder  of  the  Chapel  Hill 
restaurants  La  Residence  in  1976  and  Crook's  Corner 
in  1982.  He  was  the  author  of  several  cookbooks  on 
Southern  cuisine.  He  is  survived  by  two  sons  and  a 


S.  Parker  Ed.D.  '72  of  Durham,  on  Oct. 
12.  He  was  a  professor  of  biology  at  N.C.  Central 
University.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  a  son,  four  sis- 
ters, four  brothers,  a  grandson,  and  a  stepgrandson. 

Charles  Manley  Brown  Jr.  J.D.  73  of  Salt 
Lake  City,  Utah,  on  Jan.  2,  1991,  from  complications 
after  a  kidney-pancreas  transplant.  An  attorney,  he 
was  a  musician  with  and  business  managet  for  the 
Helvena  Symphony.  He  is  survived  by  five  sons,  two 
daughters,  his  parents,  two  brothers,  and  a  sister. 


H.  Wallace  '73  of  Durham,  on  Aug.  28. 
A  former  Duke  admissions  counselor,  she  was  a  con- 
tributions administrator  for  Glaxo  Inc.  She  is  survived 
by  a  sister. 


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4008  Barrett  Dr..  Suite  106.  Rakish.  NC  27609.  (919)  782-1610 
Call  Grayson  Waldrop  ReVille.  Class  of  61. 


Richard  Marcus  Cobourn  75  of  Hollywood, 
Fla.,  on  Sept.  4  of  cancer. 

Alan  R.  Foringer  76  of  Washington,  N.C.,  on 
Aug.  9.  He  was  most  recently  employed  as  a  mine 
manager  near  Manila,  the  Philippines.  He  is  survived 
by  his  parents,  a  grandmother,  a  brother,  and  four 
sisters. 

Roy  Philgren  M.H.A.  77  of  Omaha,  Neb.,  on 
Dec.  13.  He  was  the  former  owner  of  Book  Warehouse 
in  Omaha.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Sandra,  a  son,  a 
daughter,  two  stepdaughters,  his  mother,  a  brother, 
and  a  sister. 

Mark  Allan  Spreen  M.B.A.  79  of  New  York 
City  on  Dec.  6.  He  was  an  assistant  vice  president  of 
E.F.  Hutton.  A  scholarship  endowment  fund  has  been 
established  at  Duke  in  his  name.  He  is  survived  by  his 
twin  brother,  Glenn  Spreen  M.B.A.  79. 


Bruce  Howard  Borsuk  '80  of  Houston,  Texas, 
on  July  23.  He  was  employed  by  Vista  Chemical  Co. 
He  is  survived  by  his  parents  and  a  sister. 

Elinor  Laitman  A.M.  '83  of  Raleigh,  N.C.,  on 
Dec.  17, 1990,  of  cancer.  She  served  on  the  board  of 
directors  of  the  Duke  Children's  Classic,  was  a  docent 
of  the  N.C.  Museum  of  Art,  and  a  volunteer  with  the 
Duke  Museum  of  Art.  She  is  survived  by  her  husband, 
Sanford,  four  daughters,  one  brother,  and  her  mother. 

Curtis  James  Dressel  B.S.E.  '84  of  San  Fran- 
cisco, Calif.,  on  Sept.  20.  A  Phi  Beta  Kappa  graduate 
in  electrical  engineering,  he  worked  for  Hewlett- 
Packard,  IBM,  and  Amdahl  Corp.  as  a  developmental 
engineer.  He  is  survived  by  his  parents,  two  sisters, 
and  one  brother. 

Andrew  Sklar  M.B.A.  '85  of  Lauderhill,  Fla.,  on 
Dec.  27,  1990.  He  was  employed  by  IBM. 


Neil  G.  Sullivan  A.M.  '85  of  Durham,  on  Sept.  3, 
from  injuries  received  in  an  automobile  accident.  He 
was  to  receive  his  Ph.D.  in  computer  science  from 
Duke  in  October  1991.  He  was  a  programmer  at  IBM 
Corp.,  taught  courses  at  Duke,  and  was  the  recipient 
of  several  fellowships,  assistantships,  and  awards.  He 
is  survived  by  his  parents,  four  brothers,  and  a  sister. 

William  Edward  Knebel  M.B.A.  '87  of  New 
York  City  on  May  4,  1991,  of  cardiac  arrest.  He  is  sur- 
vived by  his  mother,  three  sisters,  and  a  grandmother. 

Matt  Sclafani  '91  on  Feb.  7  in  Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  of 
leukemia.  He  was  editor-in-chief  of  The  Chronicle  at 
Duke,  beginning  as  a  reporter  his  freshman  year,  assis- 
tant city  and  state  editor  his  sophomore  year,  and 
managing  editor  his  junior  year.  He  graduated  from 
Manhattan's  Regis  High  School,  where  he  was  year- 
book photographer  and  president  of  the  state-champi- 
onship debate  team.  He  is  survived  by  his  parents  and 
two  brothers. 


CLASSIFIEDS 


RESORTS/TRAVEL 


ARROWHEAD  INN,  Durham's  country  bed  and 
breakfast.  Restored  1775  plantation  on  four  rural 
acres.  Written  up  in  USA  Today,  Food  &  Wine,  Mid- 
Atlantic.  106  Mason  Rd.,  27712.  (919)  477-8430. 

LONDON.  My  delightful  studio  apartment  near 
Marble  Arch  is  available  for  short  or  long-term  rental. 
Elisabeth].  Fox,  M.D.,  901  Greenwood  Rd.,  Chapel 
Hill,  NC  27514.  (919)  929-3194. 

ST.  JOHN:  Two  bedrooms,  two  baths,  full  kitchen, 
cable  TV,  pool.  Covered  deck  with  spectacular  view 
of  Caribbean.  Quiet  elegance.  Off-season  rates.  (508) 
668-2078. 

FLORIDA  KEYS,  BIG  PINE  KEY:  Fantastic  open 
water  view,  Key  Deer  Refuge,  National  Bird  Sanctu- 
ary, stilt  house,  3/2,  screened  porches,  fully  furnished, 
stained-glass  windows,  swimming,  diving,  fishing, 
boat  basin.  Non-smokers.  (305)  665-3832. 


THE  OLD  NORTH  DURHAM  INN,  an  intimate 
bed  and  breakfast  less  than  a  mile  from  Duke,  offering 
turn-of-the-century  charm,  comfortable  lodging,  and 
hearty  breakfasts.  922  N.  Mangum  St.,  27701.  (919) 
683-1885. 

BRITISH  VIRGIN  ISLANDS:  New  luxury  water- 
front house  on  Little  Mountain,  Beef  Island  for  vaca- 
tion rental.  Three  bedrooms,  two  baths,  pool,  and 


spectacular  views;  sleeps  six.  Beautiful  beach  for  great 
swimming  and  snorkeling.  JohnKrampf  '69,  812  W. 
Sedgwick  St.,  Philadelphia,  PA  19119.  (215)  438- 
4430  (home)  or  (215)  963-5501  (office). 

HILLSBOROUGH  HOUSE  INN  bed/breakfast.  15 
minutes  from  Duke.  Gracious  Italianate  mansion. 
Seven  acres.  Historic  district.  209  E.  Tryon  St., 
Hillsborough,  NC  27278.  (919)  644-1600.  Katherine 
Webb,  innkeeper. 

ST.  JOHN,  USVI:  GALLOWS  POINT.  One  bed- 
room oceanfront  condo,  sleeps  four.  20  yards  from 
ocean,  short  walk  to  Cruz  Bay.  TV,  CD,  tape  player, 
microwave.  Owner  direct  (301 )  948-8547.  Ask  for 
Dick. 

NANTUCKET  ISLAND:  Many  Castles,  fully  fur- 
nished and  equipped  four-bedroom  home.  Private 
location,  spectacular  ocean  views,  walk  to  pristine 
beach.  July  and  August,  $1,700.  June,  September, 
October  also  available.  (305)  345-8097  owner. 

LONDON  LUXURY  FLATS:  Royal  Court  Apart- 
ments, near  Hyde  Park  and  Kensington  High  Street, 
Lancaster  Gate  tube  stop.  Studios,  one  and  two  bed- 
room apartments.  Daily  maid  service.  Perhaps  the 
most  convenient  location  in  London.  From  $850  per 
week.  Contact  Thomas  Moore,  (801)  393-9120. 


FOR  RENT 


BALD  HEAD  ISLAND,  NC.  Unspoiled  island  accessi- 
ble by  ferry  from  Southport.  No  cars.  Transportation  by 
golf  cart/bicycle,  14  miles  of  beach,  golf,  tennis,  nature 
program,  and  great  fishing.  New,  beautifully  furnished 
three-bedroom,  two-bath  condo  with  screened  porch 
and  deck  overlooking  marsh/nature  preserve. 
Weekly/weekend/off-season  rates.  (919)  929-0065. 

KITTY  HAWK,  NC.  Four  bedrooms,  two-and-a-half- 
bath  cottage,  block  from  ocean.  A/C,  cable,  telephone, 
washer,  dryer,  microwave,  linens.  Sleeps  10.  Families 
only.  No  pets.  (410)  224-6933. 

MOREHEAD  CITY,  NC.  2/2  condo  with  all  ameni- 
ties at  Dockside.  Historic  Beaufort,  beach,  Duke 
Marine  Lab  nearby.  Weekly/monthly.  (305)  565- 
3636/771-0095. 


FOR  SALE 

CAMPUS  OAKS  CONDO,  311  Swift  Ave.  Strolling 
distance  to  campuses.  Fully  furnished:  living  room 
with  TV,  sleeper-sofa,  end  and  dining  tables  and 
chairs;  complete  kitchen  with  appliances,  dishwasher, 


disposal,  cooking  utensils;  two  bedrooms,  each  with 
double-size  bed,  mirror,  chest  of  drawers.  Two  full 
baths,  washer-dryer.  Good  investment  for  Duke  par- 
ents. $72,500.  Call  (919)  544-4646  after  six. 

QUALITY  U.S.  6k  FOREIGN  FLAGS 
Special  Flags  6k  Banners  made  to  order 
Aluminum  6k  Fiberglas  Flagpoles 
Marian  Zaren,  147  N.  Main  St. 
Yardley,  PA  19067  (215)  493-2134 

1930s  DUKE  WEDGWOOD  PLATES:  12  blue  (some 
duplicates)  $3,600;  complete  set  12  mulberry  (rose) 
$2,700;  both  sets  $6,000.  Steve  Calvert,  578  Palm 
Beach  Rd.,  Stuart,  FL  34994.  (407)  287-4378. 


MISCELLANEOUS 

1952  Duke  graduate  CPA  seeks  accountant,  auditor, 
multi-state  tax  position  with  private  industry,  prefer- 
ably North  Carolina  or  South.  5113  Taylor  Rd., 
McFarland,  WI  53558.  (608)  838-6459. 

Duke  Catholic  alumni  before  the  Class  of  1977.  Send 
your  name,  class,  address  to  Duke  Catholic  Student 
Center,  P.O.  Box  4700,  Duke  Station,  Durham,  NC 
27706.  We  want  to  be  in  touch. 


CLASSIFIED  RATES 


GET  IN  TOUCH  WITH  65,000  POTENTIAL 
buyers,  renters,  travelers,  consumers,  through  Duke 
Classifieds. 


RATES:  For  one-time  insertion,  $25  for  the  first  10 
words,  $1  for  each  additional  word.  Telephone  num- 
bers and  zip  codes  are  free.  DISPLAY  RATES  (with 
art)  are  $100  per  column  inch  (2  1/4"  width).  TEN 
PERCENT  DISCOUNT  for  multiple  i 


REQUIREMENTS:  All  copy  must  be  printed  or  typed; 
specify  section  in  which  ad  should  appear;  no  telephone 
orders  are  accepted.  ALL  ADS  MUST  BE  PREPAID. 
Send  check  or  money  order  (payable  to  Duke  Maga- 
zine) to:  Classifieds,  Duke  Magazine,  614  Chapel 
Drive,  Durham,  NC  27706. 

DEADLINES:  November  1  (January-February  issue), 
January  1  (March-April  issue),  March  1  (May-June 
issue),  May  1  (July-August  issue),  July  1  (September- 
October  issue),  September  1  (November-December 
issue).  Please  specify  issue  in  which  ad  should  appear. 


gaSMSSES^i 


Duke  history  through  the  pages  of  the  Alumni 
Register 


FROM  PAVLOV  TO 
PARAPSYCHOLOGY 


The  work  of  the  psychology  depart- 
ment...has  developed  much  interest 
and  enthusiasm  during  the  three 
years  just  past.  Additions  to  the  staff,  from 
time  to  time,  are  bringing  to  Duke  many  of 
the  best  known  and  most  capable  men  in 
this  field.... 

Dr.  K.E.  Zener  is  working  chiefly  with 
conditioned  salivary  reflexes  in  dogs  with 
the  view  of  determining  the  relationship  of 
the  salivary  response  to  the  total  food- 
seeking  behavior  and  the  general  state  of 
hunger.  He  is  investigating,  also,  the  role 
played  in  this  type  of  learning  by  the  general 
dynamic  situation  and  the  degree  of  insight, 
in  order  to  determine  more  precisely  its 
relation  to  other  types  of  learning. 

Dr.  J.B.  Rhine... has  been  engaged  for 
several  years  on  the  strange  phenomena 
popularly  known  as  telepathy  and  clairvoy- 
ance, and  these  he  includes  under  the  non- 
committal name  of  "Extra-Sensory  Cogni- 
tion." He  and  his  assistants... have  made 
over  20,000  trials  during  this  period,  under 
various  conditions,  and  have  what  appears 
to  be  good  evidence  of  the  functioning  of 
some  unknown  process  of  extra-sensory 
cognition — a  mode  of  perception  yet  to  be 
explained  by  further  study.  Present  and  fu- 
ture effort  will  be  directed  toward  the  prelim- 
inary steps  of  explanation.  Special  interest 
attaches  to  this  problem  in  view  of  the 
age-old  and  widespread  belief  in  such  phe- 
nomena among  laymen,  and  because  it  has 
been  a  basic  assumption  in  all  religious  sys- 
tems.— May  1932 


CARNEGIE  HALL 
COMPETITION 

Selected  as  one  of  eight  glee  clubs  from 
a  total  of  144  contestants  from  the 
finals  of  the  Fred  Waring  National 
College  Glee  Club  Competition,  the  mem- 
bers of  the  Duke  organization  sang  in  Car- 
negie Hall  in  New  York  City  Sunday  after- 


noon, May  31.  While  they  did  not  win  in 
the  final  competition,  their  fine  work  evoked 
many  expressions  of  high  praise.  The  Uni- 
versity of  Rochester  won  first  place  in  the 
national  competition,  with  Purdue  as  the 
runner-up. 

Members  of  the  Duke  Glee  Club  left  Dur- 
ham at  7:00  p.m.  Thursday,  May  28,  arriv- 
ing in  New  York  Friday  morning.  The  first 
two  days  after  their  arrival  were  spent 
largely  in  tours  of  the  metropolis  and  last- 
minute  rehearsals  for  the  concert  on  Sun- 
day afternoon.  The  various  groups  were 
royally  entertained  in  New  York,  and  large 
audiences  attended  the  final  concerts  in 
Carnegie  Hall. 


NBC  networks  during  their  visit  to  New 
York.— June  J  942 


IKE 
LIKED 


Voices 
ing:  Duke  Glee 
Club  en  route 
to  New  York 
for  Carnegie 
competition; 
practicing  with 
Barnes ,  above 


Director  Foster  1.  Barnes,  and  the  more 
than  forty  singers  comprising  the  club,  have 
been  the  recipients  of  much  praise  for  one 
of  the  best  seasons  in  the  entire  history  of 
musical  organizations  at  Duke.  Opening  with 
a  concert  at  White  Sulphur  Springs  in 
September. .  .they  made  a  spring  tour  in  the 
course  of  which  they  sang  under  the  aus- 
pices of  the  New  York  alumni  at  Hotel 
Ambassador,  also  singing  over  CBS  and 


Perhaps  not  so  important  as  the  local 
election,  but  undoubtedly  more  fun, 
was  another  political  event  on  cam- 
pus. Under  the  direction  of  the  political  sci- 
ence department,  500  students  in  "Poly  Sci" 
classes  gathered  in  the  Woman's  auditorium 
for  a  mock  Republican  National  Conven- 
~~  tion.  After 
the  keynoter 
had  opened 
the  proceed- 
ings and 
turned  them 
over  to  the 
permanent 
chairman, 
GOP  princi- 
ples and  a 
twenty-point 
platform 
were  out- 
lined. In- 
cluded in  the 
party  plank 
were  such 
pledges  as  a 
complete 
houseclean- 
ing  of  government  corrup- 
tion, the  institution  of  long- 
range  flood  control  pro- 
grams, and  a  general  return 
to  honesty  and  moral  virtue 
in  government. 

A  roll  call  of  states  was 
taken  and  nominations  were 
then  in  order.  Besides  the 
leading  contenders,  Eisen- 
hower and  Taft,  various  other  names  were 
placed  before  the  convention,  including 
McCarthy,  MacArthur,  Stassen,  and  War- 
ren. What  was  probably  unique  with 
Duke's  convention  was  the  nomination  of 
Democrats  Russell  and  McGrath,  due  to 
the  large  number  of  Southern  Democrats 
who  couldn't  resist  dropping  momentarily 
their  roles  as  Republican  delegates. 

On  the  first  ballot,  General  Eisenhower 


33 


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From  discs  to 
doughnuts:  There 
was  some  avenue 
for  overcoming  cam- 
pus containment  dur- 
ing the  Sixties — Main 
Street  Durham — if 
foraging  either  for 
food  or  "45s." 

The  Donut  Dinette 
was  the  place  to  go,  at 
a  time  when  dunking 


was  only  done  with 
coffee.  Not  much 
counter  space,  but  lots 
of  local  color. 

If  you  had  a  taste  for 
tunes,  the  Record  Bar 
was  about  the  only 
musical  game  in  down- 
town. Discs  were  a 
dollar,  LPs  nearly  five, 
and  you  could  spin  a 
platter  there — free. 


led  the  voting  by  a  sizable  margin,  but  fell 
short  of  the  number  required  for  nomina- 
tion. A  second  ballot  was  taken,  and  Ike 
won  handily,  his  closest  opponent  being 
Senator  Taft. — May  1952 


EQUALIZING 
ADMISSIONS 


The  board  of  trustees  voted  at  its  meet- 
ing on  June  2  to  alter  the  university's 
admissions  policy  "to  admit  qualified 
applicants  to  degree  programs  in  the  under- 
graduate colleges  without  regard  to  race, 
creed,  or  national  origin." 

B.S.  Womble  '04,  L  '06,  chairman  of  the 
board,  stated  that  "having  made  the  change 
in  policy,  it  will  be  administered  impartially 
and  fairly."  He  emphasized,  however,  that 
in  no  instance  will  the  university  lower  its 
academic  requirements  for  admission. 

A  similar  change  in  policy  was  made  fif- 
teen months  ago  in  regard  to  the  university's 
graduate  and  professional  schools. 

President  Hart  commented  that  the  ear- 
lier change  had  been  well  accepted  and  that 
such  a  change  in  regard  to  the  undergraduate 
colleges  had  been  supported  by  many  people 
associated  with  the  university.  The  board 
of  trustees,  said  Womble,  had  the  matter 
under  consideration  for  some  time  prior  to 
its  decision. — June  1 962 


FROM  HOUSEWORK 
TO  HOMEWORK 

Women's  Liberation"  has  become 
an  electric  phrase  within  the 
American  vocabulary.  Even  the 
women  who  express  an  emphatic  disdain 
for  "The  Movement"  are  beginning  to  feel 
the  frustration  of  idle  hours  in  a  mecha- 
nized, mobile  society,  where  housework 
cannot  fill  a  day  and  children  are  spending 
less  time  in  the  home. 

In  1969,  the  alumnae  of  the  Woman's 
College  expressed  their  growing  concern 
for  women  through  a  $1,000  gift  to  the  uni- 
versity— designated  specifically  for  the  estab- 
lishment of  a  Center  for  Continuing  Edu- 
cation. The  aim  of  the  alumnae  in  creating 
such  a  center  was  to  help  women  beyond 
college  age  to  continue  an  interrupted  edu- 
cation or  to  begin  a  college  education  by- 
passed because  of  marriage,  children,  or  other 
pursuits.  Their  undertaking  involved  a  new 
concept  of  education  at  Duke  and  initially 
faced  two  imposing  hurdles  in  the  univer- 
sity's high  academic  entrance  standards 
and  equally  high  tuition  costs.. . . 

[Ultimately  it  was  arranged  that  women 
in  the  continuing  education  program  would 
be  accepted  into  a  degree  program  on  the 
basis  of  their  present  course  work  rather 
than  their  past  records  and  that  they  could 
pay  by  the  course  for  up  to  three  courses  per 
semester.  (Other  Duke  students  must  pay 


full  tuition  if  they  are  taking  more  than 
two  courses  in  any  single  semester.)... 

Programs  designed  to  attract  women  and 
to  help  them  increase  their  knowledge  of  a 
subject  represent  a  growing  part  of  the 
center's  concern.  The  initial  step  in  what 
[acting  director  of  the  center  Jean]  O'Barr 
and  others  hope  to  be  a  continuing  pro- 
gram was  the  offering  during  the  fall  of  a 
short,  non-credit  course  of  general  commu- 
nity interest.  "Understanding  Money"... 
was  organized  by  dean  of  the  Woman's 
College  and  economist  Juanita  Kreps  and 
was  co-sponsored  and  funded  by  Central 
Carolina  Bank. — May-June  1 972 


COURTING 
CHANGE 


In  the  middle  of  what  became  his — and 
Duke's — most  successful  tennis  season, 
coach  John  LeBar  submitted  his  resigna- 
tion, effective  at  the  end  of  the  season.... 

His  replacement,  who  will  be  named  at 
the  end  of  the  summer,  will  have  a  tough  act 
to  follow:  LeBar  was  named  the  Atlantic 
Coast  Conference's  tennis  coach  of  the  year, 
and  was  one  of  the  four  finalists  for  the 
NCAA  title  of  tennis  coach  of  the  year.  He 
led  Duke  to  the  ACC  title  and  to  the  na- 
tion's No.  12  spot.  Previously,  the  team's 
highest  ranking  was  19th,  and  that  was  three 
years  ago,  also  under  LeBar's  leadership. 

LeBar  came  to  Duke  as  head  fencing 
coach  and  assistant  professor  in  1964-  He 
became  head  coach  of  the  men's  tennis 
team  in  1970,  and  since  then,  has  led 
Duke  through  twelve  straight  winning  sea- 
sons. The  team's  31-4  record  this  spring 
was  Duke's  best.  And,  LeBar  says,  "We 
beat  UNC  9-0.  It  was  the  first  time  we 
shut  out  Carolina  in  the  history  of  Duke 
University."... 

Next  year's  season  may  not  be  as  tri- 
umphant. In  addition  to  LeBar's  resigna- 
tion, the  team  may  lose  its  top  player, 
Chaim  Arlosorov,  whose  future  eligibility 
was  denied  on  an  NCAA  ruling.  Accord- 
ing to  the  rule,  a  player  over  twenty  years 
of  age  loses  a  year  of  eligibility  for  every 
year  he  participated  in  that  sport  as  a 
member  of  an  organized  team. 

Arlosorov,  who  served  three  years  in 
Israel's  army  after  finishing  high  school,  is 
twenty-four.  He  played  tennis  for  three  years 
on  Israel's  national  team,  and  represented 
Israel  in  the  Davis  Cup  competition.  The 
NCAA  ruled  that  he  was  ineligible  to  play 
tennis  for  Duke  during  his  remaining  three 
years.  Duke  is  appealing  the  decision,  LeBar 
says,  on  the  basis  that  Arlosorov  was  playing 
in  tournaments  as  a  representative  of  his 
country. — May-June  1982 


34 


WHERE  IS  THE 
GLUE? 


BY  THOMAS  H.  NAYLOR  AND 
MAGDALENA  R.  NAYLOR 

Ten  minutes  after  the  Duke  alumni 
travel  program's  cruise  ship  the  M.S. 
Aivazovsky  docked  in  Yalta,  our  Rus- 
sian tour  guide  began  calling  for  Crimean 
independence.  Formerly  a  part  of  the 
Russian  republic,  the  Crimean  penin- 
sula now  belongs  to  Ukraine.  Foros, 
the  site  of  the  dacha  where  former 
Soviet  leader  Mikhail  S.  Gorbachev 
was  held  by  coup  plotters  in  August 
1991,  is  located  just  outside  Yalta  in 
the  Crimea.  Known  for  its  resorts, 
celebrity  dachas,  and  fine  wines,  the 
Crimea  is  also  the  home  of  the  300- 
vessel  Black  Sea  Fleet  headquartered 
in  Sevastopol — the  control  of  which 
has  become  the  subject  of  a  bitter 
dispute  between  the  Russian  and 
Ukrainian  leaders.  Some  Russian 
nationalists  have  even  called  for  the 
return  of  the  Crimea  to  Russia. 

Yalta  was  only  suggestive  of  what 
we  would  encounter  as  we  traveled 
across  the  Black  Sea  and  up  the 
Danube  River  to  Vienna.  In  every 
Eastern  European  country  and  former 
Soviet  republic  we  visited,  there  was 
some  form  of  deep-rooted  ethnic, 
religious,  or  nationalistic  turmoil. 

For  more  than  seventy  years,  I 
Marxist-Leninist  ideology  provided 
the  spiritual  glue  that  held  the  Sovi- 
et Union  together.  Although  Stalin- 
style  communism  was  completely  discred- 
ited by  Gorbachev,  it  has  not  been  replaced 
by  a  meaningful  vision  of  the  future  other 
than  American-style  consumerism,  which  is 
vacuous.  This  lack  of  spiritual  glue  not 
only  precipitated  the  collapse  of  the  Soviet 
Union,  but  has  contributed  to  the  political 
unrest  that  now  pervades  all  of  Eastern 
Europe. 

Our  first  stop  along  the  Danube  was 
Romania — the  grimmest  and  most  repressive 
of  the  former  Soviet  Eastern  European  allies. 
In  Bucharest  we  saw  irate  coal  miners  march- 
ing in  the  streets  and  heard  Romanians  vehe- 
mently criticize  the  ethnic  Hungarians  living 
in  Transylvania,  the  region  of  Romania 
where  the  December  1989  revolution  began. 


The  quality  of  life  in  Bulgaria — our  next 
stop — was  actually  better  than  we  expected. 
Throughout  the  1980s,  we  were  repeatedly 
told  by  the  Reagan  administration  that  Bul- 
garia was  a  backward  clone  of  the  Soviet 
Union  whose  leaders  were  involved  in  an  un- 
successful plot  to  assassinate  the  Pope.  Most 
Bulgarians  viewed  the  Russians  as  their  lib- 
erators rather  than  their  enemies,  because 
the  Russians  freed  them  from  the  Ottoman 
Turks  in  1877.  Even  today,  there  is  no  love 


lost  between  the  Bulgarians  and  the  Turks. 
Before  the  Bulgarian  communist  government 
dissolved  in  1990,  many  Bulgarians  of  Turk- 
ish origin  were  being  "resettled"  in  Turkey. 
Because  of  the  war  in  Yugoslavia,  we  by- 
passed Belgrade,  stopping  upstream  in  Novi 
Sad.  Here  we  disembarked  and  were  bused 
around  the  fighting  to  another  Russian  river 
boat  awaiting  us  just  across  the  Hungarian 
border.  Much  to  the  delight  of  our  four-year- 
old  son  Alexander,  six  combat-ready  Serbian 
gunboats  pulled  alongside  us  as  we  docked 
in  Novi  Sad.  Soldiers  armed  with  subma- 
chine guns  were  everywhere  and  twenty- 
five  Serbian  tanks  came  across  the  Danube 
bridge  as  we  pulled  away.  Two  weeks  later,  a 
Russian  freighter  tried  to  make  it  through  the 


Serbian-Croatian  crossfire  along  the  river  and 
took  a  direct  hit  that  killed  several  sailors. 

The  conflict  between  the  Croats  and 
the  Serbs  is  as  old  as  the  feud  between  the 
Roman  Catholic  Church  and  the  Eastern 
Orthodox  Church.  Held  together  for  dec- 
ades by  the  iron  fist  of  its  communist  dic- 
tator Tito,  Yugoslavia  has  come  unglued  at 
the  seams.  We  see  little  evidence  to  suggest 
that  the  bloody  Yugoslavian  experience  will 
not  be  replicated  all  over  Eastern  Europe 
and  throughout  the  former  republics 
of  the  Soviet  Union. 

When  compared  with  other  former 
communist  countries,  Hungary  is  now 
reaping  the  benefits  of  its  thirty-year 
head  start  in  introducing  political 
and  economic  reforms.  It  is  the  East- 
ern European  country  that  has  at- 
tracted the  largest  amount  of  Ameri- 
can investment.  Even  so,  with  nearly 
fifty  political  parties,  Hungary  is  not 
without  its  own  political  problems. 
The  Hungarians  do  not  get  along 
well  with  the  Serbs.  Although  the 
Serbs  apologized  for  dropping  a  clus- 
ter bomb  on  Bares  a  few  weeks  after 
our  visit,  Hungarian  officials  were 
not  amused.  Gypsy  musicians  still 
know  how  to  touch  the  hearts  of 
romantic  Hungarians  by  bemoaning 
the  plight  of  their  countrymen  liv- 
ing in  Romania.  Under  communism 
such  songs  were  strictly  forbidden. 

Nowhere  was  the  intensity  of  eco- 
nomic development  more  obvious 
than  in  Bratislava,  the  capital  of 
Slovakia.  The  flurry  of  new  roads, 
buildings,  shops,  and  factories  ap- 
peared to  be  an  obvious  ploy  by 
Czechoslovak  leader  Vaclav  Havel  to  dif- 
fuse the  Slovaks'  secessionist  aims.  When 
we  toured  Bratislava  Castle,  we  saw  Havel's 
new  office.  A  week  later,  his  first  visit  there 
precipitated  a  near-riot  by  egg-throwing 
Slovak  nationalists.  Although  Czechoslo- 
vakia enjoyed  the  strongest  democratic 
tradition  and  the  most  solid  industrial  base 
in  Eastern  Europe  before  World  War  II, 
the  increased  tension  between  the  Czechs 
and  the  Slovaks  does  not  bode  well  for  the 
nation's  future. 

When  we  finally  reached  Vienna,  we 
thought  we  had  left  the  veil  of  conflict  be- 
hind in  Eastern  Europe — but  not  for  long. 
Throughout  the  Cold  War,  Vienna  had 
served  as  a  bridge  to  the  West  for  Soviet 

35 


and  Eastern  European  emigres.  They  were 
allowed  to  remain  in  Austria  sometimes  for 
months  until  they  received  an  invitation 
from  a  Western  nation.  With  the  increased 
flow  of  foreigners  into  Austria,  the  mood  of 
some  Austrians  has  turned  nasty.  Signs  of 
increased  nationalism  and  anti-Semitism 
are  evident  in  Austria  as  well  as  Germany. 

While  in  Vienna,  we  were  joined  by 
Magdalena's  parents  from  Warsaw,  who  up- 
dated us  on  the  status  of  crash  capitalism 
in  Poland.  In  January  1990,  Poland  em- 
braced the  so-called  "shock  therapy"  ap- 


proach to  conversion  of  a  centrally  planned 
economy  to  a  market  economy.  Although 
shops  are  full  of  food  and  other  consumer 
goods,  prices  are  so  high  that  few  Poles  can 
afford  to  purchase  what  is  available.  As 
inefficient  state-owned  enterprises  are  shut 
down,  unemployment  has  soared,  and  in- 
come has  plummeted.  Crime  and  corrup- 
tion have  increased  dramatically — particu- 
larly auto  theft.  Warsaw  has  become  the 
stolen-car  capital  of  Europe. 

When  Poles  were  asked  in  a  public  opin- 
ion poll  to  rank  the  most  important  insti- 


Blue  Devils 
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tutions  in  their  country,  those  surveyed 
gave  highest  priority  to  the  military  and 
the  police.  The  Roman  Catholic  Church — 
the  center  of  Polish  nationalism  through- 
out the  Cold  War — ranked  a  distant  third. 
To  add  insult  to  injury,  53  percent  of  Poles 
believe  that  the  imposition  of  martial  law 
in  1981  by  former  communist  leader  Gen- 
eral Wojciech  Jaruzelski  was  fully  justified. 
In  one  survey  Jaruzelski  even  topped  Presi- 
dent Lech  Walesa. 

Prior  to  1989,  the  lid  on  ethnic  and 
national  conflicts  was  fairly  tightly  shut  in 
Poland.  Now  that  the  communist  lid  has 
been  lifted,  conflicts  have  surfaced — some 
centuries  old — between  Poland  and  its 
Czechoslovakian,  German,  and  Lithuani- 
an neighbors.  Anti-Semitism  and  Gypsy 
bashing  are  also  on  the  rise. 

Of  the  former  Eastern  European  com- 
munist countries,  only  East  Germany  now 
appears  to  be  politically  and  economically 
secure  as  a  result  of  its  acquisition  by  West 
Germany.  Many  of  the  former  Soviet  repub- 
lics are  teetering  on  the  brink  of  anarchy. 

Eleven  of  the  fifteen  Soviet  republics 
have  joined  the  Commonwealth  of  Indepen- 
dent States.  The  Baltic  republics — Estonia, 
Latvia,  and  Lithuania — opted  not  to  join 
the  new  Commonwealth,  preferring  to  iden- 
tify more  closely  with  some  of  the  Nordic 
countries  in  Western  Europe.  Georgia  also 
decided  to  go  it  alone.  Its  first  democrati- 
cally elected  president,  Zviad  Gamsakhur- 
dia,  turned  out  to  be  a  fascist  dictator  who 
was  subsequently  ousted  in  a  bloody  civil 
war.  The  war  between  predominantly  Chris- 
tian Armenia  and  the  Muslim  republic  of 
Azerbaijan  over  the  disputed  Nagorno- 
Karabakh  autonomous  region  continues  un- 
abated. Russians  living  in  Romanian-domi- 
nated Moldova  fear  repression  and  eventual 
absorption  into  Romania. 

So  severe  is  the  spiritual  and  ideological 
crisis  facing  Eastern  Europe  and  the  former 
Soviet  republics  that,  within  another  year 
or  so,  many  of  these  newly  independent 
nations  could  find  that  they  have  merely 
traded  their  old  communist  dictator  in  for 
a  fascist  tyrant  dressed  in  sheep's  clothing. 

What  is  sadly  lacking  in  Eastern  Europe 
and  in  the  Commonwealth  of  Independent 
States  is  a  well-defined  sense  of  purpose  or 
meaning.  There  are  no  quick-fix  solutions 
to  the  problem  of  meaninglessness.  Democ- 
racy and  free  markets  alone  will  not  fill  the 
void  left  by  the  collapse  of  communism. 
None  of  the  leaders  of  these  emerging  new 
nations  is  addressing  the  spiritual,  emotion- 
al, and  intellectual  needs  of  a  region  con- 
sumed by  turmoil.  I 


Thomas  Naylor  is  an  economics  professor  at  Duke. 
Magdalena  Raczkowska  Naylor  is  a  psychiatrist  in 
Richmond,  Virginia,  where  she  and  her  husband 
live. 


DUKE  DIRECTIONS 


THE  PAST 


PLAYWRIGHT 


On  his  third  night 
on  Broadway,  Ariel 
Dorfman,  play- 
wright, is  in  an  ex- 
pansive mood.  Toss- 
ing a  jacket  over  his 
casual  shirt  and  cor- 
duroys, looping  a 
scarf  artistically  around  his  neck,  he 
plunges  in  amid  the  jewels  and  furs  of  the 
audience  at  the  Brooks  Atkinson  Theater 
to  greet  actor  John  Turturro. 

Seemingly  everywhere  at  once,  Dorfman 
buttonholes  the  house  manager  to  okay 
standing  room  for  one  guest  and  cajoles  a 
theater-goer  to  move  over  for  three  more. 
He  darts  up  one  aisle  and  down  the  next. 
In  his  backstage  office,  he  begs  a  publicist 
by  phone  for  the  unobtainable — opening 
night  tickets  for  "my  dear  friends,  Jackson 
Browne  and  Daryl  Hannah." 

Clearly,  Dorfman  is  in  his  element,  and 
why  shouldn't  he  be?  Tonight  is  the  fifth 
preview  performance  before  the  March  17 
opening  of  his  play,  Death  and  the  Maiden. 
And  with  stellar  reviews  from  the  play's  Lon- 
don run,  a  famous  director,  Mike  Nichols, 
and  a  trio  of  top  stars — Glenn  Close,  Gene 
Hackman,  and  Richard  Dreyfuss — plus  one 
of  the  largest  advance  ticket  sales,  nearly 
$3  million,  for  a  drama  in  Broadway  history, 
Dorfman  is  rapidly  ascending  to  the  pinna- 
cle of  success. 

But  once  the  house  lights  dim,  so  too 
does  his  demeanor;  he  leans  forward  tensely 
as  Close  appears  on  the  semi-lit  set,  trans- 
formed into  an  elegant  beach  house  located 
somewhere  to  the  south  of  democracy. 

Close's  character  is  Paulina  Salas,  a  citi- 
zen in  a  country  that  is  emerging  from  a 
brutal  dictatorship.  Smoking  a  cigarette, 
staring  at  the  waves  in  solitude,  she  is  silent, 
pondering  her  past  as  a  victim  of  political 
torture  and  rape. 

Back  there  in  the  dark,  Dorfman,  perhaps 
more  than  anyone  else  in  that  theater, 
knows  exactly  how  she  feels. 

"I  sat  down  and  started  to  write  this  as 
soon  as  we  had  buried  Salvador  Allende," 


REPRESSION  AND 
OBSESSION 

BYJOANOLECK 


Ariel  Dorfman  s  Death 

and  the  Maiden  "is  not 

about  torture;  it's  about 

human  beings  caught 

in  the  middle  of  an 

impossible  situation 

trying  to  make  the 

best  of  it." 


Dorfman:  "Not  only  Chile  hut  the  whole  world  is 
resonating  with  this  problem:  What  do  you  do  with 
the  past?" 


Dorfman  says  of  his  play  in  his  dressing 
room  office  before  curtain  time.  Death  and 
the  Maiden  is  set  in  an  unnamed  South 
American  country  during  its  transition  into 
democracy.  Paulina  Salas  believes  her  hus- 
band's house  guest  is  the  man  who  tortured 
and  raped  her  fifteen  years  ago.  Taking  him 
prisoner  at  gunpoint  in  her  living  room, 
Paulina  puts  him  on  "trial"  before  her  star- 
tled, skeptical  husband. 

"He  had  been  buried  anonymously, 
thrown  into  a  common  grave  by  the  sea," 
Dorfman  is  saying  of  Allende,  the  socialist 
president  of  Dorfman's  homeland,  Chile, 
who  was  murdered  after  his  overthrow  in 
1973.  In  September  1990,  "he  was  given  an 
appropriate  funeral,  and  I  used  the  occa- 
sion to  think  about  what  it  means  to  bury 
the  past,  which  is  something  I've  been 
obsessed  with — coming  to  terms  with  the 
past  and  freeing  the  person  because  you've 
buried  him.  Freeing  a  dialogue,"  Dorfman 
says.  "You  can  have  a  dialogue  with  some- 
one you've  buried.  If  you  haven't  buried 
the  person,  you  can't  free  them." 

As  readers  of  such  Dorfman  books  as 
Widows  and  The  Last  Song  of  Manuel 
Sendero  know,  the  Duke  visiting  professor 
of  literature  and  Latin  American  studies  en- 
dured seventeen  years  of  exile  during  the 
1973-90  dictatorship  of  Augusto  Pinochet. 

Under  Pinochet,  the  human  rights  organi- 
zation Amnesty  International  reports,  thou- 
sands of  political  activists  and  other  sus- 
pected government  opponents  were  exe- 
cuted in  front  of  witnesses  or  found  dead. 
Some  700  more,  arrested  between  1973  and 
1977,  became  the  desaparecidos,  the  "disap- 
peared." Torture  and  murder,  electric  shock, 
hanging  by  the  feet,  ejection  from  heli- 
copters, rape,  and  abuse  of  children  in  front 
of  their  parents  were  all  commonplace. 

Dorfman,  now  fifty,  his  wife,  Angelica, 
and  two  sons,  Joaquin  and  Rodrigo  '89, 
spent  those  years  in  Europe,  Washington, 
D.C.,  and  later  Durham.  At  Duke,  Dorf- 
man has  tried  to  come  to  grips  with  the 
fate  of  his  compatriots  through  his  fiction, 
journalistic  pieces  in  The  New  York  Times 


37 


and  The  Nation,  and  especially  his  poetry: 


AH  that  you've  danced  they  take 

from  you 
they  just  take  it 
just  like  that. 

They  kill  the  dancer  in  you 
they  crush  her  slowly, 
they  skeleton,  smoke, 
before  she  can 
dance  this  dance 
with  you 

— "Last  Waltz  in  Santiago" 


Death  and  the  Maiden  is  much  more  than 
a  lesson  in  political  repression,  Dorfman 
insists.  "It's  not  about  torture;  it's  about 
human  beings  caught  in  the  middle  of  an 
impossible  situation  trying  to  make  the 
best  of  it." 

The  play  is  named  for  the  Schubert  quar- 
tet that  Paulina's  hostage,  Dr.  Miranda, 
favors  and  that  Paulina,  although  blind- 
folded at  the  time,  remembers  hearing 
under  torture.  In  it,  Dorfman  explores  differ- 
ent possibilities:  What  happens  when  the 
oppressed  (Paulina)  becomes  the  oppressor? 
What  is  the  reaction  of  her  husband,  Ger- 
ardo  Escobar,  coincidentally  a  prominent 
lawyer  just  named  to  a  presidential  commis- 
sion investigating  abuses  under  the  old  re- 
gime? What  is  the  point  of  Gerardo's  com- 
mission, since  it  is  to  examine  only  cases 
that  resulted  in  death,  leaving  the  living 
dead  like  Paulina  to  fend  for  themselves? 

Interestingly,  Gerardo,  the  voice  of  rea- 
son in  the  play  ("We're  not  like  them,  we 
don't  use  their  methods,"  he  tells  Paulina) 
commits  the  only  true  act  of  violence  in 
the  play. 

Interestingly,  the  intimate  relationship 
between  Gerardo  and  Paulina  ("I'll  leave 
you  men  to  fix  the  world")  becomes  an 
issue. 

Interestingly,  the  doctor  ("She's  not  the 
voice  of  civilization,"  he  tells  Gerardo,  "you 
are")  conspires  with  the  husband  to  confess 
his  "crimes"  to  Paulina's  satisfaction,  en 
route  communicating  to  the  audience  how  a 
normal,  moral  human  gets  sucked  into  com- 
mitting such  unspeakable  acts.  Or  did  he? 

"There's  a  problem  you  haven't  thought 
of,"  Gerardo  tells  Paulina.  "What  if  he  has 
nothing  to  confess?" 

"Around  nine  years  before  I  began  writing 
this,"  Dorfman  recalls,  "I  had  the  idea  of 
doing  this  as  a  novel.  But  there  were  things 
I  couldn't  figure  out:  I  couldn't  figure  out 
who  the  lawyer  was,  I  didn't  even  know  he 
was  a  lawyer  at  that  point.  And  I  thought 

38 


that  it  was  about  turning  the  tables  and 
that  it  was  happening  under  a  dictator- 
ship— that  outside  in  the  streets  there's  a 
great  deal  of  terror  and  she  turns  the  tables. 
I  was  in  the  middle  of  a  dictatorship,  so  I 
could  not  imagine  this  being  in  transition; 
that  wasn't  in  my  mind  at  this  point. 
"And  it  didn't  work,  so  I  left  it." 
Dorfman  is  a  tall,  lanky  man  who  looks 
more  Midwestern  than  Hispanic.  He  is 
equally  comfortable  with  Spanish  and  En- 
glish from  his  early  schooling  in  New  York 
as  a  United  Nations  economist's  son.  In 
the  early  Eighties,  he  had  plenty  of  other 
stories  percolating.  In  1983,  his  extended 
essay,  "The  Empire's  Old  Clothes,"  was 
published  in  English;  its  portrayal  of  the 
story  characters  Babar  the  Elephant  and 
the  Lone  Ranger  as  tools  of  colonialism 
mirrored  the  1975  book  that  made  Dorf- 
man famous  outside  Chile:  How  To  Read 
Donald  Duck. 

In  1984,  the  English  version  of  Widows, 
his  novel  about  Greek  women  challenging 
the  military  over  the  whereabouts  of  their 
missing  husbands,  followed  to  positive 
reviews.  And  in  1987,  there  was  The  Last 
Song  of  Manuel  Sendero,  a  rueful  metaphor 
about  fetuses  refusing  to  be  born  until  their 
elders,  already  in  the  world,  straighten  out 
its  injustices.  It  is  a  book  that  poses  a 
close-to-home  question:  Can  exiles  change 
the  world  by  remaining  outside  it?  It  is  also 
a  work  that  inspired  praise  both  glowing 
("a  virtuoso...  the  conception  is  bril- 
liant"— The  Washington  Post)  and  faint 
("Oh,  Ariel  Dorfman,"  an  elderly  woman 
said,  looking  up  at  the  Death  and  the  Maiden 
marquee.  "He's  the  one  who  wrote  that 
crazy  book."). 


The  dictator  at  any  rate  was  not  amused. 
Although  Dorfman  was  allowed  back  into 
Chile  for  visits  as  early  as  1983,  an  attempt 
on  Pinochet's  life  in  1986  apparently 
spurred  the  rumor  that  the  writer  had  been 
found  dead — yet  another  victim  of  the  re- 
gime. "What  was  so  horrible  about  that," 
Dorfman  told  Duke  Magazine  at  the  time, 
"is  that  everybody  supposed  that  it  was 
normal  that  I  had  been  killed  in  Chile." 

By  1987,  things  had  settled  down,  and 
the  worst  seemed  over;  the  ban  was  lifted. 
Then,  inexplicably,  it  was  imposed  again. 
The  whole  world  saw  the  pictures  of  a 
downcast  Dorfman  sitting  at  Santiago  air- 
port with  his  son  on  his  lap.  "I  was  kicked 
out  of  the  country  again,  I  was  re-arrested 
and  deported,"  Dorfman  remembers.  "I  was 
the  only  re-exiled  person  in  Chile." 

Although  that  ban,  too,  was  lifted,  its 
salient  effects  helped  create  Death  and  the 
Maiden.  "I  was  wary  of  the  thought  that 
[exile]  hadn't  ended,  and  then  it  turned  out 
that  it  hadn't,  and  somehow  that  was  a  spe- 
cial moment  in  my  life,"  Dorfman  says.  "You 
feel  very  unsure  of  yourself.  So  therefore  the 
only  real  way  to  end  my  exile  was  to  end 
the  exile  of  the  whole  people  of  Chile." 

His  solution  was  to  return  to  the  post- 
poned story  and  to  change  both  its  time 
frame — from  dictatorship  to  transition — 
and  its  vehicle — to  the  stage — because, 
Dorfman  says,  the  subject  matter  is  "too 
urgent,  too  important.  Not  only  Chile  but 
the  whole  world  is  resonating  with  this 
problem:  What  do  you  do  with  the  past?" 

Finally,  he  was  finding  the  answers.  Amid 
the  joyous  celebrations  attending  the  demo- 
cratic election  of  President  Patricio  Aylwin, 
and  Allende's  funeral,  Dorfman  wrote  his 


The  tortuous  and  the  tortured:  Dr.  Miranda  (Gene  Hackman) ,  Gerardo  (Richard  Dreyfuss) ,  and  Paulina 
(Glenn  Close)  in  Dorfman's  Death  and  the  Maiden  on  Broadway 


play  in  just  three  weeks.  "The  point  is  I've 
been  trying  all  my  life  to  do  this,"  Dorf- 
man  says.  "I've  been  preparing  for  this  for 
twenty-five  years. 

"I  wanted  to  see  how  in  a  transitional 
democracy  the  oppressed  and  the  old  re- 
pressors live  together,"  he  told  the  Duke 
News  Service  earlier  this  year.  "All  over 
the  world,  people  are  having  to  deal  with 
issues  of  past  human  rights  abuses  and 
reprisals.  Can  we  forgive  what  was  done  to 
us?  And  if  we  can't,  what  are  the  conse- 
quences for  our  soul?" 

Intermission  has  begun  at  the  Brooks 
Atkinson  Theater.  The  packed-in  audi- 
ence filters  out  to  the  wintry  streets  for 
fresh  air,  or  to  the  bar  for  a  drink.  There 
are  many  Spanish  voices  heard  here;  Dorf- 
man  is  gratified  by  the  large  Hispanic 
turnout.  But  whatever  the  language,  the 
subject  is  the  play  and  what  it  means. 
Friends  are  telling  friends  about  what  hap- 
pened in  Chile,  others  are  comparing  the 
play  to  the  Holocaust  ("That's  the  ques- 
tion," one  woman  says.  "Whether  you  for- 
get and  forgive.");  others  are  analyzing  the 
plot  ("I  think  he's  guilty,  but  there's  got  to 
be  a  twist.") 

Overall,  the  talk  is  political,  though 
Dorfman  swears  his  purpose  is  broader. 
Even  some  of  those  closely  connected  with 
the  play  see  it  as  political.  Glenn  Close  has 
told  the  Times  that  Maiden  is  "a  political 
play  in  many  ways  on  many  different  levels." 
Richard  Dreyfuss  has  said,  "It's  a  whodunit, 
it's  a  political  polemic,  and  it's  about  a 
marriage."  Mike  Nichols,  in  contrast,  has 
called  it  "a  thriller  about  the  intimate  lives 
of  three  people  and  the  ways  in  which  their 
sexual  natures  are  intertwined." 

"I  can't  see  this  as  a  political  play  in  any 
way,"  Nichols  has  added.  "God  preserve  us 
all  from  a  true  political  play." 

Indeed,  movie  mogul  Samuel  Goldwyn 
once  said,  "If  you've  got  a  message,  send  it 
Western  Union."  Perhaps  he  was  right. 
But  the  political  plays  On  the  Waterfront 
and  The  Crucible  were  successful,  as  was 
the  political  movie  Missing,  about  the  dis- 
appearance of  American  Ed  Horman  dur- 
ing the  U.S. -engineered  Pinochet  coup. 
Commenting  on  that  historical  footnote, 
Dorfman  wrote  in  The  Nation  in  1983: 
"Americans  can  identify  with  Ed  Horman 
and  Jacobo  Timmerman  [an  imprisoned 
Chilean  journalist  also  portrayed  in  an 
American  film].  But  can  they  go  further? 
Can  the  compassion  they  have... be  trans- 
ferred... to  those  anonymous  people?" 

Getting  such  weighty  subjects  across  to 
an  audience  is  a  problem  all  right;  and 
Dorfman  himself  has  described  the  chal- 
lenge. In  a  Times  piece  about  another 
political  play,  Miss  Margarita's  Way,  he 
described  "a  dilemma  that  so  many  play- 
wrights have  faced  when  they  try  to  write 


"All  over  the  world, 
people  are  having  to  deal 
with  issues  of  past  human 

rights  abuses  and 

reprisals.  Can  we  forgive 

what  was  done  to  us? 

And  if  we  can't,  what 

are  the  consequences  for 

our  soul?" 


under  a  dictatorship:  How  to  reach  the 
audience  with  a  political  message  and  not 
be  swallowed  up  by  the  very  violence  they 
are  denouncing." 

So  how  was  Dorfman  not  "swallowed 
up"  by  Maiden's  theme?  "You  do  it  oblique- 
ly, you  tell  them  a  story,  you  seduce  them 
into  the  story,  you  trust  that  they  know 
what  this  is  about,"  says  the  man  who  lives 
his  politics  twenty-four  hours  a  day. 

"He  has  done  some  practical  things  in 
addition  to  his  writing,"  says  James  David 
Barber,  James  B.  Duke  Professor  of  Politi- 
cal Science  and  past  board  chairman  of 
Amnesty  International  USA.  Indeed.  In 
1990,  Dorfman  participated  in  Amnesty's 
HBO  event,  the  Embrace  of  Hope  concert 
in  Chile's  Estadio  Nacional,  with  Sting  and 
Peter  Gabriel.  Three  years  earlier,  when 
Pinochet  was  still  in  power  and  dissident 
Chilean  actors  risked  a  death  squad  by 
vowing  to  hold  a  public  meeting,  Dorfman 
personally  dispatched  actor-friend  Christo- 
pher Reeve  to  Santiago  to  ensure  media 
attention  and  survival. 

The  point  is,  he  is  saying  here  in  the 
dressing  room,  "The  people  in  the  audience 
know  about  fear  and  they  know  about  rape 
and... this  could  happen  anywhere,  this 
sort  of  drama.  It's  a  myth,  it  has  universal 
dimensions.  This  is  an  audience  that  has 
in  its  unconscious  tales  of  domination  and 
oppression  and  liberation.  I  believe  this 
very  deeply  about  the  United  States. 

"One  year  ago,  Americans  were  bombing 
defenseless  Iraqi  soldiers  on  the  road  to 
Basra.  So  let's  put  it  in  the  crudest  of  terms: 
What  if  the  widow  of  one  of  those  people 
took  Norman  Schwarzkopf  and  put  him  on 
trial?  Vietnam  is  not  that  far  away,  you 
have  Native  Americans....  In  other  words, 
there  is  no  nation  and  no  individual  who 
does  not  know  something  about  violence. 

"Basically,  the  play  is  saying  let's  ask 
ourselves  questions  about  this — let's  look 
through  this  looking  glass  and  find  out 


who  we  are  in  relation  to  this.  And  the 
fact  that  it's  supposedly  Latin  America 
helps  people.  They  can  deal  with  it  as  if  it 
were  not  theirs,  and  yet  at  the  same  time  it 
is  theirs.  I  think  that  is  a  very  difficult 
thing  to  do  with  a  play,  and  I'm  very  glad  I 
managed  it." 

Somebody  new  is  in  Dorfman's  dressing 
room,  someone  familiar  to  Durham.  It  is 
Thorn  Mount,  Dorfman's  friend,  and  a 
young  hotshot  producer  in  Hollywood  who 
grew  up  in  the  Bull  City  and  produced  the 
films  Bull  Durham  and  Missing. 

Explaining  why  he  decided  to  produce 
Death  and  the  Maiden  as  well,  Mount 
remembers:  "Before  I  read  the  play,  Ariel 
told  me  the  story.  And  when  he  told  me  the 
story,  I  thought  it  was  a  wonderful,  won- 
derful story,"  one  that  worked  on  both  per- 
sonal and  political  levels.  "The  other  thing 
that  drew  me  to  the  play,"  Mount  says,  "is 
that  had  Nixon  not  been  stopped,  this  play 
could  have  taken  place  in  Malibu.  It's  a 
very  international  play,  very  much  in  the 
tradition  of  the  best  of  Western  playwrit- 
ing....  Ariel  has  done  a  wonderful  job  of 
writing  something  that  communicates 
with  the  community  of  man." 

In  concert,  there  in  the  dressing  room, 
the  two  men  relate  how  a  series  of  friendly 
breakfasts  began  their  professional  rela- 
tionship after  Mount  happened  to  speak  to 
Dorfman's  class  at  Duke.  Mount  decided 
to  take  on  Maiden  after  reading  the  play 
and  seeing  Dorfman's  theatrical  version  of 
Widows  performed  last  July  at  Los  Angeles' 
Mark  Taper  Forum  Theater.  These  events, 
of  course,  were  well  ahead  of  the  rave  re- 
views Maiden  received  in  London,  along 
with  Time  Out  awards  (similar  to  our 
Obies)  for  best  actress  Julie  Stevenson  and 
best  play. 

Then  suddenly  London  did  happen,  and 
Glenn  Close  was  calling  Dorfman — she 
had  to  see  him  immediately — and  flying 
down  to  Durham  last  October  to  confer  at 
a  local  restaurant,  raising  eyebrows  in  this 
small  town  ("I've  always  wanted  to  see 
Duke,"  the  playwright  swears  she  said). 

Although  the  initial  idea  was  to  start 
small,  with  a  production  at  Duke,  the  proj- 
ect, circulated  to  various  directors,  took  on 
a  life  of  its  own:  Roman  Polanski  called 
and  said  he'd  do  the  Paris  production; 
Nichols  and  Dreyfuss  also  called  in  their 
interest.  Hackman  was  cast.  Up  to  twenty 
productions  as  far  away  as  Korea  and 
Lithuania  began  to  be  spoken  about,  along 
with  a  film  version  starring  Close,  produced 
by  Warner  Bros.,  directed  by  Polanski.... 

Of  course,  it  was  all  too  heady  not  to 
prompt  some  kind  of  controversy.  And  sure 
enough,  in  January  Actors  Equity  joined 
with  the  Hispanic  Organization  of  Latin 
Actors  (HOLA)  to  express  "disappoint- 
ment" that  Hispanic  actors  had  no  roles  in 


39 


Maiden's  production.  A  month  later,  New 
York  magazine  reported  that  Dorfman  had 
"locked  horns"  with  director  Nichols  over 
the  "Americanizing"  of  his  play. 

Dorfman  bristles  at  these  charges.  "My 
answer  is  that  last  night  we  were  full  of 
Hispanics  and  they  loved  the  play.  Peri- 
od," he  replies  to  HOLA's  scolding.  As  for 
New  York's  allegation,  that's  just  "yellow 
journalism." 

"They  speak  about  the  fact  that  I  would 
be  worried  about  the  Americanizing  of  the 
play,"  Dorfman  continues,  a  bit  hot  under 
the  collar.  "Then  why  would  I  give  it  to 
Mike  Nichols?  The  point  is,  I  wanted  it  to 
be  a  play  that  Americans  could  understand." 

Mount's  response  is  even  more  pointed. 
"I've  watched  these  two  men  work  together 
every  day  for  months,  and  they  work  to- 
gether brilliantly,  they've  never  had  a  cross 
word,"  he  says.  "I  wish  they  had  locked 
horns.  It  would  give  us  some  great  press 
stuff  to  talk  about." 

And  the  Hispanic  actors'  complaint? 
"My  attitude  is  a  very  simple  one,"  Mount 
replies.  "I  don't  think  you  have  to  be  Dan- 
ish to  play  Hamlet." 

It  is  the  morning  after  opening  night; 
the  New  York  reviews  for  Death  and  the 
Maiden  are  disappointingly  lukewarm.  But 
the  blame  belongs  squarely  with  Nichols, 
not  Dorfman.  Perhaps  they  should  have 
"locked  horns"  after  all. 

"So  wide  is  the  gap  between  the  tense, 
life-and-death  tenor  of  the  play's  text  and 
the  airy,  bantering  tone  of  the  production 
that  the  packed  house  can  only  respond 
(and  does)  with  bewilderment,"  the  Times' 
Frank  Rich  writes,  slamming  the  "superfi- 
cial," "ingratiating"  performances  of  the 
star  trio.  New  York  Newsday  is  kinder,  but 
still  says  of  Nichols:  "Perhaps  we've  seen 
too  many  Costa-Gravas  movies — and  too 
many  made-for-TV  vigilante  soapers — to 
embrace  the  subject  with  the  full-throated 
passion  with  which  it  obviously  was  written." 

There  have  been  other  troubles  for 
Maiden:  ten  missed  preview  performances 
by  Close,  due  to  pneumonia;  and  another 
protest,  on  opening  night,  from  the  New 
Alliance  Party.  The  ironic  fact  is  that 
Close's  father,  William  Close,  who  is  in  the 
audience,  is  the  former  personal  physician 
of  Mobutu  Sese  Seko,  dictator  of  Zaire. 

But  perhaps  Dorfman  doesn't  take  these 
setbacks  too  hard,  as  busy  as  he  is.  Besides 
managing  the  small  growth  industry  Maid- 
en has  become,  he  is  also  working  on  an 
off- Broadway  production  of  Reader,  his  play 
about  a  censor  asked  to  censor  a  book 
about  his  own  life. 

Meanwhile,  there  is  Chile  to  consider, 
and  the  care  and  tending  to  be  given  its 
current  fragile  state.  After  all,  there  is 
always  the  possibility  that  Pinochet,  who 
remains  commander-in-chief  of  the  army, 


or  some  other  faceless  tyrant,  could  come 
back.  And  what  of  this  dictator  who,  Dorf- 
man told  Interview  magazine,  haunted  him 
so  much  that  while  writing  his  1988  novel 
Mascara  he  would  address  Pinochet  in  his 
head,  saying,  "You  son  of  a  bitch,  you're 
not  getting  into  this  book... you're  not 
going  to  ruin  my  novel." 

Isn't  Pinochet  all  over  Death  and  the 
Maiden,  standing  just  behind  the  beach- 
house  door,  or  out  on  deck,  staring  out  to 
sea?  "He's  still  hovering  there,"  Dorfman 
agrees.  "I  would  say  that  he's  still  around 
and  that  he's  become  more  and  more  of  a 
symbol  of  something  other  than  a  com- 
plete person. . . . 

"I  think  writing  this  play  was  very  good 
for  exorcising  him.  In  this  play,  in  fact,  the 
figure  of  Pinochet  is  there  for  all  of  them, 
he's  there  like  the  landscape  is  there,  as  the 
structure,  the  explanation.  The  violence 
that  he  perpetrated  and  his  presence  and 
the  fear  of  him  is  in  every  one  of  the  words 
of  the  play,  and  what  they're  dealing  with 
is  the  world  that  he  bequeathed  us....  He's 
going  to  be  there  forever  because  he  forged 
the  past  which  has  made  our  present  and 
will  continue  with  us  in  the  future." 

In  this  context,  Dorfman  says,  his  dis- 
tance from  Chile  has  helped.  Years  ahead 
of  his  contemporaries,  he  has  grappled 
with  the  past  by  looking  at  it  obliquely, 
allegorically,  first  with  Widows  and  now 
with  Maiden. 

What  he  sees  now  in  his  homeland,  even 
with  democracy,  is  still  painful,  he  says,  be- 
cause capitalism  will  only  continue  the  in- 
equalities that  have  plagued  Latin  America 
for  centuries.  "I  think  it  is  time  to  rethink 
what  is  necessary  to  make  our  societies 
deeply  democratic,"  Dorfman  says.  "By 
deeply  democratic  I  mean  people  have  con- 
trol over  two  things  over  which  they  have 
no  control  at  this  moment:  the  economy, 
which  you  [Americans]  don't  have  control 
over  either,  and  control  over  the  stories  of 
their  lives. 

"That  is  very  central  to  democracy. 
What  I  mean  is  people's  voices  are  not 
heard,  they're  not  given  the  instruments 
and  resources  with  which  to  tell  those  sto- 
ries. Because  what  people  thirst  for  is  sig- 
nificance, so  that  when  they  die,  they  are 
left  in  the  eyes  of  others.  And  that's  not 
happening. 

"In  the  case  of  Chile,  I'm  glad  we've  got 
democracy  back,  I'm  optimistic  about  the 
strength  of  the  Chilean  people,  and  I  think 
we  are  doing  a  very  good  transition.  There 
are  costs  to  be  paid,  and  as  a  writer  I'm 
prepared  to  tell  about  these  costs.  People 
in  Chile  are  saying  that  there  are  no  costs 
at  all  and  that  it's  very  easy. 

"It's  not  easy."  ■ 


Oleck  is  a  free-lance  writer  in  New  York. 


EQUATING  MATH 

Continued  from  page  1 3 


ing  is  "subjective,"  and  that  the  material  is 
too  vague,  or  irrelevant,  or  too  complicat- 
ed, or  not  explained  properly.  Freshman 
Scott  Dubbeling  took  the  first  semester  of 
Project  CALC,  but  then  switched  to  the 
regular  course  for  the  second  semester.  "I 
didn't  like  it,"  he  says.  "A  lot  of  people 
really  didn't  like  it."  He  felt  the  course  put 
too  much  emphasis  on  concepts  and  how 
to  put  them  down  properly  in  writing,  and 
too  little  on  learning  technical  skills.  "I 
like  math.  I  took  AP  calculus  in  high 
school  and  plan  to  be  an  engineer,"  he 
says.  "Seeing  some  of  the  applications  for 
calculus  in  the  computer  lab  was  neat,  but 
I  can  learn  the  applications  in  my  other 
engineering  courses.  To  really  learn  the 
math,  it  seems  like  doing  lots  of  repetitions 
is  the  best  approach." 

Despite  some  continuing  criticism,  how- 
ever, Bookman — who  has  taught  both  Proj- 
ect CALC  and  regular  calculus,  and  has 
spent  many  hours  observing  other  classes 
and  talking  with  students — reports  that  one 
thing  stands  clear.  "The  level  of  attention 
and  concentration  of  the  Project  CALC 
students  seems  much  higher,"  he  says.  "In 
every  traditional  class  I  observed,  at  least 
some  of  the  students  fell  asleep  and  most 
of  them  started  packing  their  books  before 
the  lecture  was  finished.  I  did  not  observe 
any  of  these  behaviors  in  Project  CALC 
classes.  In  fact,  often  the  class  ran  five 
minutes  overtime  without  the  students 
even  noticing." 

Bookman  has  also  found  preliminary  but 
suggestive  evidence  that  Project  CALC 
works.  Near  the  end  of  the  spring  1991 
semester,  he  gave  a  short  test  to  small 
groups  of  students  in  both  Project  CALC 
and  the  regular  course.  The  test  was  based 
on  the  goals  of  Project  CALC,  but  really 
contained  questions  to  probe  general  skills 
such  as  being  able  to  interpret  and  solve 
problems.  "In  general,  the  Project  CALC 
students  outperformed  their  colleagues," 
Bookman  says.  "Because  the  test  was 
skewed  toward  Project  CALC's  goals,  this 
may  not  be  a  surprising  finding,  but  it  does 
indicate  that  the  students  are  really  learn- 
ing what  they  are  supposed  to." 

Bookman's  evaluation  continues.  In  one 
study,  a  random  sample  of  100  or  so  sopho- 
mores and  juniors — half  of  them  having 
taken  Project  CALC  and  half  the  tradi- 
tional course — will  take  a  three-hour  test. 
"Testing  older  students  will  let  us  see  what 
they  really  learned,"  he  says. 

In  another  approach,  he  is  following  the 
academic  careers  of  the  students  who  took 
calculus  last  year,  roughly  one-third  of 
them  in  Project  CALC  and  two-thirds  in 


40 


regular  courses.  He  has  singled  out  about 
twenty  courses — in  such  areas  as  physics, 
engineering,  economics,  mathematics,  and 
even  public  policy — that  require  mathe- 
matical thinking,  and  has  asked  the  regis- 
trar to  track  how  many  of  the  target  group 
take  these  courses  and  how  well  they  do. 
"This  will  let  us  see  if  Project  CALC  stu- 
dents are  taking  more  or  fewer  of 
these  courses;  that  is,  are  we  scaring 
them  away  from  math,  or  attracting 
them  to  math?"  Bookman  says.  It 
may  also  provide  insight  into 
whether  Project  CALC  students  are 
better  able  to  appN  math,  as  adver- 
tised. "If  so,  the  students  might  be 
expected  to  earn  higher  grades  in 
these  quantitative-oriented  cours- 
es," Bookman  says.  "These  studies, 
then,  may  at  last  provide  some  rea 
data  about  just  how  well  Project 
CALC  lives  up  to  its  billing." 

Given  the  strengths  that  Project 
CALC  has  already  demonstrated, 
the  math  department  and  Duke  ad- 
ministrators are  already  moving  to- 
ward fuller  implementation.  After 
approval  by  a  large  majority 
(though  not  all)  of  faculty,  the 
department  in  late  1991  asked  that, 
beginning  next  academic  year,  all 
calculus  courses  be  taught  using 
some  version  of  Proj-ect  CALC. 
"The  plan  is  that  all  courses  will 
include  the  two-hour  computer  lab, 
which  is  really  the  heart  of  Project 
CALC,  and  students  will  use  the 
new  textbook  that  Moore  and 
Smith  produced,  called  The  Calculus 
Reader"  says  Pardon.  "Beyond  that,     , 

j  u  Moore 

instructors  can  adopt  as  much  or  as  , 

little  or  the  revised  curriculum  as 
they  wish." 

Which  leads  to  a  dilemma  that  all  calcu- 
lus-reform efforts  are  likely  to  face:  the 
increased  price  tag  of  better  education. 
Project  CALC  requires  more  equipment, 
more  teachers,  and  more  space  than  con- 
ventional courses.  The  department  asked 
to  phase  in  Project  CALC  over  a  three- 
year  period,  which  would  require  an  esti- 
mated $180,000  over  and  above  the 
remaining  NSF  grant  money. 

The  administration  has  voiced  its  strong 
support  for  Project  CALC,  and  in  early 
1992  agreed  to  provide  enough  money — 
about  $30,000 — to  cover  the  first  year's 
needs.  "We  believe  in  Project  CALC," 
says  Richard  White,  dean  of  Trinity  Col- 
lege and  vice  provost  for  undergraduate 
education.  "But  Duke,  like  most  other  uni- 
versities, is  facing  severe  budget  restric- 
tions. So  while  Project  CALC  is  gearing 
up  for  the  first  year  of  expansion,  our  plan 
is  to  seek  money  from  outside  sources  to 
fund  the  next  stages  of  growth."  If  the  uni- 


versity cannot  raise  sufficient  outside  funds 
in  time,  White  says  the  strategy  will  be  to 
stretch  out  the  period  of  implementation. 
"One  way  or  another,  we're  committed  to 
making  Project  CALC  work." 

Mathematics  chair  Pardon  says  he  is  glad 
to  see  the  university's  initial  support,  but 
adds,  "The  real  challenge  will  be  in  provid- 


center:  "Until  you  can  describe  what  you  have  done,  why  ■ 
vhat  it  means,  you  have  not  solved  the  problem" 


ing  long-term  support  to  maintain  the  pro- 
gram in  a  steady  state.  If  Duke  and  other 
universities  want  real  educational  reform,  they 
are  going  to  have  to  find  ways  to  pay  for  it." 

Meanwhile,  Smith  and  Moore  press 
on — refining  the  course  at  Duke  and  pros- 
elytizing across  the  country.  Project  CALC 
is  now  being  tested  at  about  ten  other 
institutions,  including  Bowdoin  College  in 
Maine,  Texas  AekM  University,  Frostburg 
State  University  in  Maryland,  the  Univer- 
sity of  North  Florida,  and  Alverno  College 
in  Wisconsin.  Work  continues  at  the 
North  Carolina  School  of  Science  and 
Mathematics,  Duke's  initial  partner,  on 
adapting  the  lab  and  classroom  materials  for 
use  by  its  students.  And  Smith  and  Moore 
have  just  signed  a  contract  with  D.C. 
Heath,  a  major  publishing  house,  to  dis- 
tribute The  Calculus  Reader. 

In  an  innovative  spinoff  at  Duke,  Lewis 
Blake,  mathematics  instructor  and  supervi- 
sor of  freshman  instruction,  is  adapting  the 


lab  materials  for  use  in  powerful  hand-held 
calculators  rather  than  computers.  After 
first  teaching  Project  CALC,  Blake  was  a 
skeptic.  "But  I  had  to  fill  in  for  another 
instructor  for  much  of  last  semester,  and 
all  the  new  changes  I  saw  made  me  a  full- 
fledged  booster,"  he  says.  Blake  has  already 
converted  several  labs  for  use  in  calculators, 
and  plans  to  spend  this  summer  con- 
verting the  rest. 

What  makes  this  approach  possi- 
ble is  that  the  advanced  calculators 
can  transmit  their  programs  to 
another  calculator  via  a  beam  of 
■  light.  "This  means  I  can  go  into  a 
I  classroom,  transfer  my  lab  program 
into  a  student's  calculator,  we  both 
then  move  to  other  calculators,  and 
within  a  matter  of  minutes  everyone 
is  ready  to  roll,"  Blake  says.  The 
obvious  advantage  is  that  calcula- 
tors cost  only  about  one-tenth  as 
much  as  a  computer  station.  "This 
might  allow  many  other  institu- 
tions, such  as  smaller  colleges  and 
perhaps  even  high  schools,  to  afford 
to  bring  this  promising  method  for 
teaching  calculus  to  their  students." 
As  testimony  to  Project  CALC's 
educational  merit,  EDUCOM  and 
the  University  of  Maryland  be- 
stowed upon  it  the  1991  award  for 
"Best  Mathematics  Curriculum  In- 
novation." The  project  was  cited  for 
presenting  calculus  "in  the  context 
of  real-world  problems,  emphasizing 
calculus  as  a  tool  in  day-to-day 
problem-solving,  rather  than  as  an 
isolated  set  of  techniques  for  solving 
math  puzzles."  EDUCOM  is  a  non- 
profit consortium  of  more  than  650 
colleges  and  universities,  and  more 
than  120  corporate  affiliates.  Win- 
ning its  joint  award  is  viewed  as  a  signifi- 
cant honor. 

But  perhaps  even  stronger  testimony 
comes  from  those  who  have  lived  the  pro- 
gram first-hand.  Like  Michael  Reed.  "Proj- 
ect CALC  isn't  perfect,  and  the  course  is 
still  undergoing  improvement,"  he  says. 
"But  what  I  really  remember  is  giving  stu- 
dents a  problem  to  solve  and  having  them 
come  back  at  first  with  the  wrong  answers.  I 
asked  them,  'Is  your  answer  reasonable? 
Does  it  make  sense?'  And  they  just  looked 
at  me  with  blank  eyes.  No  one  had  ever 
asked  them  those  questions  before  in  math- 
ematics; no  one  had  ever  asked  them  it  they 
were  really  thinking  about  what  they  were 
doing.  Well,  Project  CALC  helped  open 
their  eyes,  and  they  learned  to  think  about 
what  they  were  doing.  I'd  say  that  is  a  major 
achievement."  ■ 


Burroughs  is  a  free-lance  science  writer  living  i 
Durham . 


DUKE  DIRECTIONS 


CLASSROOM  CHALLENGES 


BY  BARBARA  BAKER 


Teach  For  America  takes 

people  who  have  never 

experienced  failure  and 

pairs  them  with  students 

who  have  never 

experienced  success. 


One  of  eleven  Duke  graduates  accepted 
into  the  program  from  the  Class  of  1991, 
Snowden  joins  seven  Duke  alumni  who 


The  first  period  bell  has 
rung.  In  a  basement 
classroom  of  Holmes 
High  School  in  Eden- 
ton,  North  Carolina, 
Anna  Snowden's  stu- 
dents are  squinting  at  a 
cluster  of  wine  bottles 
and  a  bedraggled  house  plant.  They  look 
like  a  casting  call  for  a  John  Hughes 
movie — the  requisite  athlete,  misunder- 
stood rebel,  prom  queen.  Their  intensity  is 
almost  tangible  as  they  struggle  to  trans- 
late still  life  into  art. 

Snowden  '91  pops  a  tape  into  the  jam  box 
in  an  effort  to  fuel  the  creative  spirit,  and 
perhaps  to  drown  out  the  whirring  of  power 
saws  from  the  shop  class  down  the  hall.  She 
then  moves  quietly  among  the  struggling 
artists,  criticizing,  cajoling,  complimenting. 
It  is  late  October.  Six  months  earlier, 
Snowden  was  on  the  other  side  of  the  sketch 
pad,  completing  a  degree  in  art  history  and 
art  studio  from  Duke.  Her  confident  man- 
ner with  students  belies  the 
fact  that  she  received  only  six 
weeks  of  training  as  a  teacher 
during  the  summer  before  fac- 
ing her  first  class  in  August. 

Snowden  arrived  in  the 
classroom  by  way  of  Teach  for 
America,  a  remarkable  corps 
of  teachers,  most  of  them 
recent  graduates  of  top  univer- 
sities, assembled  by  a  visionary 
young  woman  whose  goal  is  to 
improve  American  education 
through  a  program  modeled 
after  the  Peace  Corps.  Typi- 
cally not  education  majors, 
the  teachers-in-training  earn 
provisional  teacher  certifica- 
tion through  a  crash  summer 

institute   sponsored   by   Teach      First-time  teacher  Pearcy  '91:  "There's  definitely  room  for  policy  change  in  educ 
for  America   in  Los   Angeles. 

They  are  then  dispatched  to  teach  for  two  were  members  of  the  groundbreaking  first 
years  in  isolated  rural  areas  or  tough  inner-  corps  in  1990.  They  are  teaching  in  rural 
city  school  districts  where  there  are  chronic  North  Carolina,  Georgia,  and  Arkansas,  or 
teacher  shortages.  in  inner-city  schools  in  Houston,  Los  Ange- 

42 


...  1      SMt  1 

mm      ^uaagtH^i 

les,  and  New  Orleans.  They  are  working 
incredible  hours,  facing  challenges  in  the 
classroom  that  they  could  not  even  imagine 
at  Duke.  They  are  being  paid  the  going  rate 
for  beginning  teachers  in  their  respective 
school  systems — which  is  to  say,  peanuts. 

Why  do  they  do  it?  The  reason  given  by 
Connie  Pearcy  '91,  a  former  president  of 
Duke's  student  government,  echoes  that  of 
many  corps  members:  to  explore  whether  a 
career  might  follow  from  a  vaguely-felt 
interest.  "I  had  thought  about  teaching  for 
a  while  but  never  got  the  certificate — I 
had  other  things  to  do.  I  also  wasn't  sure  if  I 
wanted  to  make  it  a  career,  so  I  didn't  want 
to  invest  that  time."  Pearcy,  who  received 
a  degree  in  history  with  a  certificate  in 
women's  studies,  is  teaching  high  school 
English  and  civics  in  Warrenton,  North 
Carolina,  while  she  deliberates  whether  to 
continue  in  education  or  branch  off  in 
another  direction.  "I  think  there's  definite- 
ly room  for  policy  change  in  education, 
and  I  have  an  interest  in  that,"  she  says. 

For  others,  the  motivation  is 
more  of  a  desire  to  give  something 
back  to  the  community  or  work 
with  needy  populations.  Tricia  De 
Spirito  '91  became  interested  in 
inner-city  children  while  working 
with  sexually  abused  children  in 
Durham.  "When  I  was  accepted 
into  Teach  for  America,  my  pref- 
erence was  an  urban,  inner-city 
area.  If  you  speak  Spanish,  you  are 
gj  almost  automatically  placed  in  a 
bilingual  elementary  school 
because  there  is  such  a  need  for 
teachers,"  she  says.  She  laughs  as 
she  adds,  "I  got  more  than  I  bar- 
gained for." 

What  she  got  was  a  job  teach- 
ing a  bilingual  second-grade  class 
in  a  graffiti-coated  bungalow  on 
the  playground  of  Addams  Ele- 
mentary  School   in  North   Long   Beach, 
California.  She  is  finding  many  practical 
applications  for  her  double  major  in  Span- 
ish and  psychology:  The  school  sits  square- 


ly  on  turf  claimed  by  the  East  Side  Longos. 
Within  the  first  weeks  of  school,  she  was 
consoling  a  second-grader  whose  brother 
was  paralyzed  in  a  gang  shooting. 

The  humanitarian  imperative  and  ideal- 
ism driving  TFA  corps  members  is  reminis- 
cent of  the  zeal  for  public  service  that  swept 
the  country  during  John  F.  Kennedy's  New 
Frontier  days.  For  some  it  is  a  rejection  of 
the  button-down  yuppiedom  and  pursuit  of 
the  corporate  Holy  Grail  that  characterized 
post-graduates  in  the  1980s.  Says  Preston 
Dodd  '90,  a  third-grade  teacher  at  Menlo 
Avenue  School  in  South  Central  Los 
Angeles:  "I  had  other  offers,  but  this  one  got 


them  with  students  who  have  never  expe- 
rienced success." 

Wilson  adds  his  personal  epilogue  to  the 
quote:  "We  failed  last  year  in  a  big  way." 
His  first  mistake,  he  admits,  was  trying  to 
imitate  the  atmosphere  in  classes  he  had 
enjoyed  at  Duke  by  pulling  all  the  desks  in  a 
circle  and  telling  students  to  call  him  Tim 
instead  of  Mr.  Wilson.  "I  got  better  at  it.  A 
teacher  has  to  take  control  from  the  begin- 
ning. If  you  try  to  backtrack,  they  don't 
take  you  seriously." 

He  may  have  learned  his  lesson  too  well, 
at  least  in  one  instance.  He  recalls  a  female 
student  who  raised  her  hand  and  asked  to 


GETTING  TO  THE  CORPS 


Wendy  Kopp  simply 
does  not  take  "no" 
for  an  answer.  As  a 
senior  at  Princeton  in  the  fall 
of  1989,  she  participated  in  a 
conference  of  business  and 
student  leaders  where  the  idea 
for  Teach  for  America  was 
spawned.  Within  two  years, 
she  had  taken  TFA  from  the- 
ory to  reality,  sending  500  top 
university  graduates  to  teach 
in  some  of  the  toughest  school 
districts  in  America. 

Kopp,  who  fleshed  out  the 
TFA  concept  in  her  senior 
thesis,  envisions  the  role  of 
TFA  as  much  broader  than 
simply  alleviating  teacher 
shortages.  She  sees  the  corps 
as  a  way  to  effect  change  in 
the  education  system  by 
putting  some  of  the  best 
young  minds  in  the  country 
to  work  on  the  inside. 

Not  content  to  let  her  thesis 
collect  dust  in  a  library,  Kopp 
drummed  up  support  and 
spent  the  summer  after  gradu- 
ation setting  up  the  TFA 
organization.  She  had  to  find 


funding  to  pay  for  staff  salaries 
and  training  and  travel  for 
corps  members.  More  impor- 
tantly, she  had  to  persuade 
school  districts  to  hire  and  pay 
the  salaries  of  novice  teachers. 

By  December  1989,  Kopp 
was  ready  to  bring  in  repre- 
sentatives from  a  hundred  of 
the  country's  top  schools  to 
motivate  and  organize  them 
to  recruit  corps  members  on 
their  campuses.  Jennifer  Dyer 
'91  and  Steve  Goldberg  '90 
were  among  those  who  ac- 
cepted the  invitation  to  that 
meeting  at  Princeton. 

"Wendy  had  a  list  of  a  hun- 
dred schools  that  she  thought 
would  be  producing  more  in- 
tellectually trained  people  who 
could  think,"  Dyer  recalls. 
"She  then  had  her  friends  call 
people  they  knew  at  those 
schools.  It  was  a  giant  net- 
working project." 

Returning  from  the  confer- 
ence, Dyer  and  Goldberg  had 
very  little  time  to  mobilize  at 
Duke.  They  applied  to  the  stu- 
dent government  to  become  a 


recognized  student  organiza- 
tion eligible  for  funds  and 
quickly  planned  a  TFA  Day 
for  February.  They  invited 
prospective  corps  members  to 
try  teaching  for  a  day,  then 
persuaded  local  school  princi- 
pals to  provide  fifth  graders 
for  them  to  teach. 

Information  was  spread 
mostly  by  word  of  mouth, 
with  Dyer  and  Goldberg  visit- 
ing classes  and  student  organi- 
zations to  talk  up  the  program. 
To  their  amazement,  seventy 
people  applied  for  the  first 
TFA  corps.  Interviews  were 
arranged  through  Duke's 
Career  Development  Center, 
and  in  April  seven  out  of  the 
seventy  were  accepted  by 
TFA. 

"I  had  always  had  an  inter- 
est in  teaching  but  I  had  lost  it 
over  time,"  says  Dyer,  now  a 
psychology  graduate  student 
at  Vanderbilt.  "I  was  amazed 
that  they  could  get  these  really 
bright  people  to  be  teachers." 


me  the  most  excited.  It  motivated  me  to 
start  thinking,  the  way  a  really  great  profes- 
sor or  a  good  class  does."  He  is  quick  to 
caution  that  idealism  will  only  carry  you 
for  about  the  first  week.  "After  that,"  he 
says,  "something  else  has  to  kick  in." 

The  challenges  are  formidable,  even  for 
America's  best  and  brightest.  Tim  Wilson 
'90,  a  second-year  high  school  math  teach- 
er in  tiny  Sandersville,  Georgia,  describes 
his  first  year  of  teaching  as  a  nightmare. 
"In  retrospect,  I  realized  it  was  just  some- 
thing you  had  to  do.  You  can't  learn  about 
it  in  the  classroom,"  he  says.  "It  takes  a 
year  of  hell  before  you  know  what  you're 
doing."  He  quotes  a  favorite  axiom  of  TFA 
founder  Wendy  Kopp  to  describe  his 
predicament:  "We  are  taking  people  who 
have  never  experienced  failure  and  putting 


go  to  the  bathroom,  even  though  she  knew 
Wilson  had  a  policy  against  such  visits 
because  students  had  a  tendency  to  abuse 
the  privilege.  It  was  only  after  her  second 
urgent  plea  to  leave  that  he  realized  she 
was  in  labor.  He  notes  with  pride,  however, 
that  she  returned  to  school  two  weeks  after 
giving  birth  and  finished  out  the  term. 

Wilson  credits  other  faculty  members  and 
people  in  the  community  for  helping  him 
survive  this  year,  but  the  biggest  vote  of 
thanks  goes  to  his  students.  "I  learned  more 
from  them  than  they  did  from  me,"  he  says. 
"This  year  when  I  pass  them  in  the  hall,  I 
want  to  stop  them  and  thank  them  for  help- 
ing." Wilson  felt  so  strongly  about  his  expe- 
rience by  year's  end  that  he  applied  to  be  a 
Teacher  in  Residence  at  TFA's  summer 
institute  in  Los  Angeles.  He  was  accepted 


and  was  able  to  share  some  of  his  hard- 
earned  wisdom  with  new  corps  members. 

That  shared  wisdom  may  have  spared  the 
second-year  corps  some  of  the  woes  that 
plagued  Wilson  and  others  in  the  inaugural 
year.  For  example,  Anna  Snowden's  Ad- 
vanced Placement  students  admitted  two 
weeks  into  the  school  year  that  they  expect- 
ed to  be  able  to  walk  over  her,  but  she  sur- 
prised them. 

"They  thought  they  were  going  to  have 
somebody  come  in  who  had  no  idea  about 
discipline  and  how  to  get  things  rolling," 
Snowden  says.  "I  was  fresh  from  training, 
and  I  came  in  with  my  rules  and  my  proce- 
dures and  everything,  and  I  was  very  struc- 
tured, and  I  wore  high-heeled  shoes.  I  real- 
ly gave  it  to  them.  And  that's  what  Teach 
for  America  did  for  me.  They  gave  me  the 
ability  and  the  know-how  to  come  in  and 
start  hard  and  structured,  and  that's  led  to 
a  lot  of  the  success  that  I've  had." 

Facing  a  class  after  only  six  weeks  of 
training  is  daunting,  but  corps  members 
point  out  that  it  is  probably  not  that  differ- 
ent from  the  experience  of  any  first-year 
teacher.  At  least  with  TFA,  there  is  a 
strong  support  group  to  turn  to  for  help  or 
sympathy,  and  that's  something  most  first- 
year  teachers  do  not  have. 

"I  think  when  I  left  L.A.,  I  didn't  feel  pre- 
pared," says  Connie  Pearcy.  "I  was  very  up- 
tight about  it.  Once  I  got  into  the  class- 
room, I  realized  that  a  lot  of  the  things  I  was 
facing,  no  amount  of  training  would  have 
allowed  me  to  handle.  A  lot  of  it  is  learn- 
ing on  my  feet,  learning  who  I  am  as  a 
teacher,  as  a  disciplinarian,  as  a  lot  of  dif- 
ferent figures.  The  biggest  thing  Teach  for 
America  did  for  us  last  summer  was  get  us 
thinking,  and  once  you  start  doing  that, 
then  you  start  figuring  out  what  else  you 
need  to  know." 

Once  they  have  mastered  the  mechanics 
of  conducting  classes  and  dealing  with  the 
mountains  of  paperwork  on  which  educa- 
tional institutions  thrive,  corps  members 
face  the  real  challenge:  finding  ways  to 
motivate  students  who  do  not  know  how 
and,  in  many  cases,  do  not  want  to  learn. 

Paul  Levinsohn  '90,  a  charter  TFA 
member,  left  Teach  for  America  after  one 
year  of  commuting  between  Durham  and 
Warrenton  to  teach  high  school  and  coach 
varsity  baseball.  His  leaving  was  prompted 
by  an  opportunity  to  work  on  a  Senate  cam- 
paign. Though  a  TFA  enthusiast,  Levin- 
sohn points  to  apathy,  which  prevails 
among  rural  students  and  is  compounded 
by  anger  in  the  inner  cities,  as  the  greatest 
source  of  frustration  for  those  eager  to  get 
on  with  the  business  of  teaching. 

Like  many  corps  members,  Anna  Snow- 
den has  thrown  herself  body  and  soul  both 
into  teaching  and  into  being  a  part  of  her 
community.  She  is  like  a  comet  burning 


43 


through  Edenton.  As  hard  as  she  is  push- 
ing herself  in  these  first  months,  it  is  easy 
to  imagine  her  burning  out  quickly.  "It's 
such  a  struggle  each  day  to  go  in  and  con- 
vince ninety-eight  students  that  they  are 
good  people  who  can  do  good  work,  and 
today  is  their  best  art  day  ever,"  she  says. 
"I'm  constantly  saying,  'I  know  you  can  do 
it,  I  know  you  can  do  it,'  until  I'm  blue  in 
the  face  from  saying  that.  It's  a  rule  that 
you  can't  say  'can't'  in  my  room.  You're 
not  allowed.  That's  automatic  points  off 
your  attitude  grade.  A  positive  attitude  is 
everything.  So  many  of  them  have  been  so 
put  down — and  that's  on  both  sides.  I've 
had  kids  who  have  been  put  down  because 
their  parents'  expectations  are  too  low." 

Corps  members  have  tried  a  variety  of 
methods  to  reach  students.  Some  have 
tried  jumping  on  desks  or  throwing  chalk 
just  to  get  their  attention.  "We're  trying  to 
awaken  their  spirit  a  little  bit,"  explains 
Tricia  De  Spirito.  "I  think  they  think  we're 
a  little  nuts,  which  I  guess  we  are." 

Such  tactics  can  only  accomplish  so 
much.  In  hindsight,  Levinsohn  says  he 
wishes  he  had  been  better  trained  in  learn- 


Once  they 

have  mastered 

the  mechanics 

of  conducting  classes, 

a  remarkable  corps 

of  young  teachers 

face  the  real  challenge: 

finding  ways 

to  motivate  students 

who  do  not  know  how 

and,  in  many  cases, 

do  not 

want  to  learn. 


ing  disabilities  and  child  psychology  before 
he  started  teaching.  "One  of  the  problems 
you're  going  to  be  dealing  with  is  students 
with  substantial  learning  disabilities,  and 
not  just  in  special  education  classes.  You 
can  only  be  a  cheerleader  for  so  long.  Even- 
tually you  need  the  skill  to  deal  with  it." 

Preston  Dodd  has  found  the  most  effec- 
tive way  to  teach  is  to  know  and  under- 
stand his  students.  "Every  child  is  going  to 


be  motivated  differently,"  he  says.  "After  a 
short  time,  you  can  tell  what  will  turn 
them  on  and  off.  Learning  that  was  one  of 
the  fantastic  things  about  last  year." 

He  remembers  his  students'  fascination 
when  they  discovered  that  the  Teenage 
Mutant  Ninja  Turtles  were  named  after 
famous  artists.  Their  curiosity  led  naturally 
to  a  class  on  the  old  masters.  If  he  is  teach- 
ing the  decimal  system,  he  uses  money  as 
the  basis  for  the  explanation,  because  that 
is  something  tangible  to  the  students.  He 
uses  a  discussion  of  recycling  to  sneak  in  a 
discussion  of  pounds,  mass,  and  quantity. 

Although  these  corps  members  would  not 
be  human  if  they  were  never  discouraged 
by  the  enormity  of  the  mission  they  have 
undertaken,  they  remain  genuinely  enthu- 
siastic about  the  potential  of  TFA..  And 
they  are  determined  to  make  the  program 
work,  both  for  themselves  and  for  their 
students.  Several  say  they  plan  to  stay  an 
additional  year  or  more  beyond  their  two- 
year  commitment. 

A  long-range  goal  of  TFA,  and  one  that 
corps  members  say  is  often  overlooked  by 
critics,  is  to  develop  a  strong  advocacy  net- 
work for  education.  Many  corps  members 
will  undoubtedly  become  successful  in  other 
fields  and  can  be  influential  allies  of  the 
teaching  profession  because  of  the  under- 
standing they  have  gained  in  their  two 
years  in  the  classroom. 

It  is  now  the  end  of  a  very  long  day  for 
Connie  Pearcy.  She  is  packing  up  now  for 
the  drive  back  to  Durham.  In  two  weeks 
she  will  move  to  Warrenton  and  be  spared 
the  daily  two-hour  commute.  She  has  stayed 
after  school  to  meet  with  a  group  of  students 
who  are  here  to  swap  ideas  for  a  newly 
formed  civics  club.  Pulling  desks  into  a  cir- 
cle, she  worries  that  no  one  will  show  up. 
Instead,  more  desks  are  dragged  into  the 
circle  as  student  after  student  drifts  in. 

On  the  way  out  the  door,  she  is  asked  if 
there  have  been  experiences  in  her  fledgling 
teaching  career  that  make  it  all  worthwhile. 
She  pauses  thoughtfully,  then  reaches  into 
her  desk  for  a  note  left  in  her  suggestion 
box  by  a  civics  student.  The  note,  prompted 
by  a  classroom  discussion  on  the  Fifth 
Amendment  concept  of  eminent  domain, 
expresses  the  student's  horror  at  the  idea 
that  the  government  could  come  in  and 
claim  her  home  and  build  a  post  office  on 
her  land.  She  was  really  worried.  She  even 
drew  a  picture  to  illustrate  her  point. 

"Maybe  it's  an  incident  only  civics  teach- 
ers can  appreciate,"  Pearcy  says  with  a  satis- 
fied smile.  "But  I  thought  it  was  wonderful. 
She  got  it.  She  completely  got  it."  ■ 


Baker  is  a  free-lance  writer  living  in  Winston- 
Salem,  North  Carolina. 


AMERICAN  DREAMING: 

1492 


Hello,  Columbus:  1492's  director  Randolph- 
Wright  and  cast  in  Duke's  Reynolds  Theater 


Whether  the 
dream  is 
"Hispaniola" 
or  "The  Great  White 
Way,"  the  myth  of  the 
brave  hero(ine)  who 
achieves  it — overcoming 
insurmountable  odds  and 
sacrificing  family  in  the 
process — is  a  fundamen- 
tal part  of  the  fabric  of 
our  culture.  Different 
kinds  of  dreamers  inhabit 
our  literature,  our  the- 
ater, and  our  films.  Most 
of  us  were  taught  that 
America  was  "discov- 
ered" by  one  of  the  great 
impossible  dreamers  of 
all  time — Christopher 
Columbus.  So  the  idea 
of  a  musical  about 
Christopher  Columbus 
is  not  as  strange  as  it 
seems.  Indeed,  there  are 
five  or  six  such  projects 
in  development  at  this 
very  moment.  One  of 
them  began  at  Duke. 

In  1989,  Broadway 
producer  and  Duke  ad- 
junct professor  Emanuel 
Azenberg  told  the  Duke 
Drama  Advisory  Board, 
of  which  trustee  William 
A.  Lane  '44  is  a  member, 
that  what  Duke  really 
needs  to  do  is  present 
something  new,  some- 
thing of  its  own,  two  or 
three  new  ventures  a 
year.  Start  something. 
Include  students.  Lane 
acted  on  this  advice.  The 


result  is  the  new  musical 
1492,  which  tells  the 
story  of  Christopher 
Columbus'  voyage  to  the 
"New  World."  1492 
opened  in  the  Reynolds 
Theater  in  late  February 
and  thrust  Duke  into  thi 
debate  about  Columbus 
that  has  been  brewing 
since  President  Reagan  J 
appointed  the  Quincen- 
tenary Council.  1492  is 
the  official  musical  the- 
ater presentation  of  the 
Quincentenary  Council. 
In  1991,  The  Chroni- 
cle of  Higher  Education 
reported  the  complica- 
tions of  commemorating 
let  alone  describing, 
Columbus'  trans-Atlanta 
voyage  in  1492.  The 
debate  centered  on  lan- 
guage: discovery?  en- 


mvasion;  con- 
quest? It's  a  fight  over    , 

and  our  identity. 

When  Frank  Donatelli 
the  new  chair  of  the  com* 
mission,  addressed  the  j 
black-tie  gala  audience  01 
1492,  he  asked  them  to] 
look  to  Columbus  as  a  1 
model  of  courage,  faith,  I 
perseverance,  and 
vision — just  the  sort  of  \ 
model  that  would  help 
Americans  address  crises 
in  our  new  world  order. 

In  response  to  a  slew  i 
of  phone  calls  protesting 
the  production  of  a  musj 


44 


cal  about  Columbus,  Duke 
Drama  organized  a  symposium 
to  represent  different  points  of 
view  on  the  man  and  the 
legacy.  Judith  Ruderman  Ph.D. 
'76,  director  of  Continuing 
Education  at  Duke  and  project 
director  of  a  National  Endow- 
ment for  the  Humanities  state- 
wide program — "Worlds  in 
Collision:  The  Legacies  of 
Christopher  Columbus" — 
chaired  the  symposium,  which 
included  Christopher  Bishop, 
author  and  composer  of  1492. 

According  to  Ruderman, 
our  notion  of  what  it  is  to  be 
an  American  is  bound  up  with 
Columbus.  In  1892,  Columbus 
Day  was  first  declared  a  holi- 
day. On  the  coming  anniver- 
sary of  the  "invasion,"  she 
wondered  if  repentance  might 
be  more  appropriate.  "That  he 
'discovered'  anything  is  quaint, 
offensive,  obscene."  She  pre- 
fers to  call  what  happened  "an 
encounter  rather  than  a  discov- 
ery. I  don't  call  it  revisionist, 
but  I  call  it  history.  1  mean, 
that's  the  nature  of  history; 
it's  very  dependent  upon  its 
context,  it  isn't  neutral,  it  isn't 
blind  and  it  isn't  factual.  It's 
interpretive,  so  that's  what  we 
talk  about  in  this  series,  too." 

Bishop  confesses  to  a  partic- 
ular sympathy  for  the  tension 
in  Columbus  between  greed 
and  love  of  God.  When  asked 
how  he  got  interested  in 
writing  about  Columbus,  he 
says,  "I  wanted  to  write  a 
play  that  would  possibly 
make  some  money.  My  job  is 
to  create  an  entertainment. 
Artists  walk  a  different  line. 
We  have  to  be  true  to  our 
psychological  background,  but 
we  serve  the  public  so  we  can 
eat.  I  was  motivated  to  write  the 
play  because  of  the  success  of 
the  play  1776. 1  asked  myself: 
When's  the  next  one  of  these 
coming  up,  an  important  anni- 
versary of  a  historical  event? 

"I  wanted  to  present 
Columbus  as  a  man.  I  believe 
he  should  be  held  responsible 
for  his  own  actions,  but  not 
for  the  actions  of  one  people 
against  another.  I  didn't  take  a 
point  of  view  about  his  vil- 
lainy or  the  positive  aspects  of 
his  character  but  represented 
him  as  completely  as  I  could  in 
two-and-a-half  hours  of  song 
and  dance.  I  wanted  to  show 
the  positive  aspects  and  per- 
sonal traits  that  allowed  him 
to  perform  such  a  feat,  but 
give  some  indication  that 
there  were  indeed  warts. 

"Columbus  on  stage  is 
very  much  myself.  I'm  a  very 
religious  man;  at  the  same 
time  I  would  like  to  become 
wealthy.  I  saw  a  man  unsure 


about  the  value  of  his  relation 
ships  with  women;  I  have 
been  unsure  in  terms  of  my 
relationships.  This  was  a  man 
who  loved  something  about 
his  work:  the  sea  itself.  I  love 
to  be  in  the  theater.  This  is  a 
man  who  had  a  hard  time  get- 
ting money.  Columbus'  story 
of  trying  to  get  funded  is  very 
much  my  own  story  of  trying 
to  get  funded." 

Drama  student  Nick  de 
Wolff  '93,  who  plays  Ferdi- 
nand, is  originally  from  Portu- 
gal. He  asks,  "Did  Columbus 
discover  America  or  was  there 
a  world  there?  I  don't  person- 
ally think  this  show  addresses 
that  issue  so  much.  What  it's 
addressing  is  his  character  and 
the  voyage  itself.  It's  a  show 
about  the  personality  of 
Columbus  and  how  that 
affected  his  voyage 
rather  than  how 
it  affected  the 
world  or  Amer- 
ica. It's  about  his 
love  of  God  and 
love  of  gold,  his 
ability  to  be  so 


driven,  or  rather  his  inability  to 
see  the  reality  of  his  situation 
and  thereby  go  against  logic 
and  achieve  something  that 
might  not  be  achieved  by  com- 
mon sense.  So  this  really 
doesn't  address  the  whole 
political  issue  of  was  Colum- 
bus an  invader  or  not.  An 
audience  member  will  start  to 
see  Columbus  as  a  person  able 
to  have  faults." 

According  to  Linda  Wright, 
line  producer  of  1492,  "Bill 
Lane  has  been  a  de  Medici-like 
patron  to  Christopher  Bishop. 
Perhaps  it  is  through  the  sys- 
tem of  universities  that  you  can 
get  a  new  musical  on  its  feet." 

Initially,  under  President 
Reagan,  the  Quincentenary 
Council  had  promised  funding. 
Under  President  Bush,  the 
money  dried  up.  "When  it  be- 
came apparent  that  the 
Quincentenary  wasn't 
going  to  fund 


Robert  Cuccioli  as  Columbus  and  Gregory 
Mitchell  as  Pinion  in  rehearsals 


Wright,  "Bill  Lane  decided  to 
put  up  the  developmental  pro- 
duction at  Duke." 

The  word  "dream"  occurs 
and  recurs  in  1492.  Columbus' 
dream  of  sailing  west  to  the 
East  is  the  heart  of  the  story. 
The  idea  of  the  dream  is  what 
hooked  director  Charles  Ran- 
dolph-Wright '78  to  1492, 
but  in  the  beginning  producer 
Peter  Coyle  '72  had  to  work 
hard  to  persuade  this  African- 
American,  part  native  Ameri- 
can Duke  grad  to  come  and 
direct  a  musical  about  Colum- 
bus. Randolph-Wright's  cred- 
its include  Music  and  Remem- 
brance at  Carnegie  Hall  and 
Cabaret  Verboten  at  CSC  Rep 
(in  New  York).  This  year  he 
will  be  directing  his  first  film, 
a  black  vampire  gospel  musi- 
cal, Black  Blood.  His  aesthetic 
embraces  collisions,  mixes 
seemingly  disparate  elements. 
For  1492  he  assembled  a  mul- 
ticultural cast  and  crew. 

"If  I  were  told  fifteen  years 
ago  that  I'd  be  back  at  Duke 
directing  a  musical  about 
Columbus — why  would  I  be 
doing  that?  It's  the  last  thing  I 
expected  to  do.  I  don't  have  an 
image  of  what  Columbus  is," 
says  Randolph- Wright.  "Colum- 
bus was  never  an  issue  in  my 
life.  He  came,  he  discovered 
America;  that's  what  I  was 
taught.  That's  what  I  remem- 
ber; I  never  thought  about  it. 
"I've  grown  up  in  a  world 
where  my  side  of  the  issue  is 
hardly  ever  seen.  As  an 
African-American,  I'm  very 
used  to  seeing  the  white 
perspective.  I  thought  if  I 
don't  do  this,  it  will  be 
done,  and  the  person  doing 
it  may  well  present  a  very 
straightforward  piece 
about  Columbus  because  it 
was  in  the  script.  Bishop 
wrote  so  much  in  this 
script  I  used  to  call  it 
'Columbus  Nickleby,'  be- 
cause it  was  just  hours  of 
material.  But  underneath  I 
saw  that  this  is  about  this 
man's  dream.  This  is  the 
impossible  dream,  this  is 
the  ultimate  journey,  this 
duplicitous  character  who  has 
all  these  conflicting  sides,  and 
I  thought,  that's  a  story. 

"I  obviously  have  negative 
feelings  about  what  happened, 
the  idea  of  a  destruction  of  a 
people.  1  always  cringe  when 
people  say  Columbus  discov- 
ered America.  He  discov- 
ered the  people  who  were 
living  in  America.  That's  a 
different  thing.  But  as  much 
evil  as  we  attribute  to  Colum- 
bus, I'm  sure  there  was  just 
as  much  evil  in  the  Indians." 
With  only  four  weeks  to 


mount  a  musical  with  a  cast  of 
thirty-three,  Randolph-Wright, 
musical  director  Joel  Silber- 
man,  and  Bishop  started  refer- 
ring to  it  as  1492  Just  Add 
Water.  Both  Randolph-Wright 
and  Silberman  were  heavily 
involved  with  Bishop  in  the 
development  of  the  book  and 
music  for  1492. 

"In  the  original  script, 
Columbus  did  land,  and  I 
thought  that  was  anti- 
climactic,"  says  Randolph- 
Wright.  "What  this  story's 
about  is  the  pursuit  of  the 
dream.  What  he  discovers,  the 
goal — the  land,  the  nobility, 
the  fame,  the  fortune — none 
of  that  mattered.  What  mat- 
tered was  the  pursuit,  [and] 
being  on  the  sea." 

"To  me,  Columbus  is  no 
different  from  almost  90  per- 
cent of  our  leaders,  our  heroes 
who  straddle  the  fine  line 
between  the  secular  and  the 
religious.  I  knew  that  this  piece 
was  a  Republican  piece  and  I 
thought:  I  need  to  get  my 
hands  on  this.  If  I  make  people 
question  whether  Columbus 
was  the  hero  they  thought  he 
was,  then  I've  done  a  tremen- 
dous job." 

Randolph-Wright  attributes 
his  interpretation  to  his  read- 
ing of  existential  literature  at 
Duke — Camus,  Sartre,  Genet, 
Borges,  Hesse,  Barth — and  to 
the  day  his  professor  made 
him  write  an  absurdist  musical 
instead  of  a  paper.  "I  regard 
Columbus  as  someone  with 
fearless  stupidity.  And  I  had 
that  growing  up,  thank  God. 
Society  always  tells  you  'No.' 


Musical  director  Joel  Silverman, 
director  Randolph-Wright,  and 
composer  Christopher  Bishop 

Thank  God  I  learned  how  not 
to  listen.  And  that's  what 
Columbus  did.  Whether  I  like 
what  his  outcome  was,  I  think 
it's  very  important  that  you 
see  all  the  sides  of  his  person- 
ality. But  it's  really  about  this 
man's  journey  of  persistence." 
— Jody  McAuliffc 

McAuliffe  is  an  assistant 
professor  in  Duke 's  drama 
program. 


DUKE  GAZETTE 


COVERING 
CAMPAIGNS 


|  edia  scholar  Kathleen  Hall 
fl^fft  Jamieson  thought  she  saw  some 
'■good  reporting  during  the  1988 
presidential  campaign,  but  a  "focus  group"  of 
voters  told  her  differently.  Now  the  public's 
hopes  for  a  better  presidential 
race  this  year  rest  in  part  with 
what  she  learned. 

Addressing    a   packed    Page 
Auditorium  audience  in  Febru- 
ary during  Duke's  annual  Zeid- 
man  Colloquium,   which   also 
featured    NBC    news    anchor 
Tom  Brokaw  and  ABC's  Night- 
line  host  Ted  Koppel,  Jamieson 
discussed  some  ABC  News  seg- 
ments from  1988.  Those  seg- 
ments replayed  the  presidential 
candidates'    ads    while    pointing    out    in- 
accuracies. But  when  she  showed  the  news 
reports  to  voters,  she  found  the  reporter's 
efforts  to  expose  errors  in  the  ads  had  the 
opposite  effect:  An  ad's  intent  was  in  fact 
reinforced  by  the  repeated  showing  while 
the  reporter's  words  were  forgotten. 

"The  question  is,  can  news  correct  ads  or 
do  they  just  reinforce  the  message?"  asked 
Jamieson,  dean  of  the  University  of  Penn- 
sylvania's Annenberg  School  of  Commu- 
nications and  an  adviser  to  the  media  on 
campaign  coverage.  In  the  four  years  since 
the  1988  campaign,  Jamieson  and  others 
have  looked  at  ways  reporters  can  get  their 
message  across  in  covering  candidates'  ads. 
What  they  have  found  is  changing  the  way 
television  reporters  are  covering  the  current 
campaign.  And  as  television  ads  increase 
in  their  importance  in  political  campaigns, 
according  to  Jamieson,  coverage  of  the  ads 
becomes  more  important  for  the  media. 

What  Brokaw  called  the  "general  failure" 
of  the  1988  campaign  loomed  large  at  the 
colloquium  as  the  panelists  gave  their  pre- 
dictions and  remedies  for  coverage  of  the 
current  campaign.  "The  only  thing  people 
can  agree  on  was  that  no  one  liked  what 
happened  in  1988,"  Brokaw  said.  "The 
press  got  sucked  down  to  the  lowest  com- 
mon denominator.  The  voters  didn't  bring 
the  same  sense  of  engagement  to  the  cam- 
paign as  they  have  to  others.  And  we  didn't 
exactly  have  two  candidates  who  were  on 
the  cutting  edge  of  politics." 


But  Brokaw  said  he  thinks  that  the  1992 
campaign  has  gotten  off  to  a  better  start. 
There  have  been  more  debates  with  more 
discussion  of  major  issues  in  the  Democrat- 
ic primaries,  he  said.  At  NBC,  they  are 
freeing  their  best  reporters  to  discuss  the 
issues  rather  than  placing  them  on  the 
candidates'  planes,  which  effectively 
meant  that  they  had  to  report  on  whatever 
the  candidates  wanted  them  to. 
Another  panelist,  Universi- 
ty of  Virginia  political  science 
professor  Larry  Sabato,  who  is 


Anchors  inveigh:  Brokaw  and  Koppel  at  colloquium 
in  Page  on  campaign  coverage  of  the  candidates 


author  of  the  recent  Feeding  Frenry:  How 
Attack  Journalism  Has  Transformed  Ameri- 
can Politics,  agreed  that  some  progress  has 
been  made  already  in  the  campaign  cover- 
age. He  said  there  had  been  more  substan- 
tive profiles  of  candidates  and  issues,  more 
intelligent  reporting  of  candidates'  adver- 
tising, and  less  emphasis  on  soundbites.  But 
Sabato  said  the  press  continues  to  be 
obsessed  with  the  candidates'  private  lives, 
particularly  their  sexual  behavior.  Citing 
the  widely-publicized  allegations  of  Demo- 
cratic candidate  Bill  Clinton's  extramarital 
affairs,  Sabato  said,  "The  press  is  making 
the  price  of  power  too  high. . .  It's  no  won- 
der we  are  having  difficulty  attracting  good 
candidates.  The  important  line  between 
personal  and  public  life  is  being  obliterated 
by  the  press." 

Koppel  disagreed,  arguing  that  the  media 
are  doing  their  job  by  reporting  the  news 


as  they  receive  it,  and  that  the  public 
"shouldn't  be  asking  whether  the  press 
should  not  report  it."  According  to  Kop- 
pel, "Our  job  is  to  report  what  we  see  and 
leave  it  to  you,  the  voter,  to  make  the 
judgment." 

The  colloquium  was  sponsored  by  the 
DeWitt  Wallace  Center  for  Communica- 
tions and  Journalism  and  the  Institute  of 
Public  Policy  Sciences  and  Public  Affairs, 
with  a  gift  from  Philip  and  Nancy  Zeid- 
man  in  memory  of  their  late  son,  John 
Fisher  Zeidman.  Zeidman  died  in  1982 
after  contracting  viral  encephalitis  while 
studying  in  China.  James  David  Barber, 
James  B.  Duke  Professor  of  Political  Sci- 
ence, moderated  the  colloquium. 


CARDIAC 
TRACK 


People  who  lack  close  companionship 
or  have  an  annual  income  of  $10,000 
or  less  are  up  to  three  times  as  likely 
to  die  early  from  cardiac  disease  than  are 
those  with  a  spouse  or  friend  or  economic 
resources.  According  to  a  Duke  Medical 
Center  study  of  1,368  heart  patients,  which 
found  links  among  personal  relations,  eco- 
nomic status,  and  mortality,  simply  having 
a  friend  may  be  as  important  to  a  patient's 
health  as  costly  medical  treatment. 

Published  in  a  January  issue  of  the  journal 
of  the  American  Medical  Association,  the  find- 
ings are  based  on  a  nine-year  study  that  fol- 
lowed patients  initially  admitted  to  Duke  for 
cardiac  catheterization  to  diagnose  coronary 
artery  disease.  In  catheterization,  a  slender 
tube  is  inserted  into  heart  arteries  to  deter- 
mine the  location  and  extent  of  the  disease. 

"Previous  studies  of  socio-economic  fac- 
tors have  been  limited  because  of  indirect 
measures  of  disease,  but  with  these  patients, 
we  knew  in  exquisite  detail  how  well  their 
hearts  functioned  at  the  start  of  the  study, 
and  what  their  survival  rates  should  have 
been,"  says  Redford  Williams,  director  of 
Duke's  Behavioral  Medicine  Research  Cen- 
ter, who  led  the  study.  "By  knowing  this, 
we  were  able  to  determine  what  factors 
other  than  the  status  of  the  heart  contri- 
buted to  early  death." 

Regardless  of  the  initial  condition  of  the 
patients'  hearts,  the  study  found  those  with 


46 


a  spouse  or  close  friend  were  three  times  as 
likely  to  survive  five  years  after  catheteriza- 
tion than  those  without  support.  "Simply 
put,"  says  Williams,  "having  someone  to  talk 
to  is  very  powerful." 

The  Duke  team  found  that  if  patients 
had  limited  resources,  defined  as  an  annual 
income  of  less  that  $10,000,  they  were 
twice  as  likely  to  die  within  five  years  as 
those  with  incomes  of  more  than  $40,000. 
The  researchers  say  it  is  unclear  whether 
these  patients  suffered  increased  risk  of 
dying  because  of  stress  or  because  they 
lacked  the  means  to  seek  medical  care  or 
buy  medication. 


CLASS-TIME 
CONTROVERSY 


Freshmen  may  experience  mandatory 
eight  o'clock  classes  as  the  result  of  a 
decision  to  schedule  all  University 
Writing  Course  (UWC)  sections  in  the 
morning  beginning  next  fall.  The  announce- 
ment encountered  widespread  resistance 
among  the  program's  graduate  student  teach- 
ing corps:  The  Graduate  and  Professional 
Student  Council  (GPSC)  voted  unani- 
mously to  condemn  the  plan. 

According  to  Dean  of  Trinity  College 


Richard  White  and  Dean  of  the  Faculty  of 
Arts  and  Sciences  Malcolm  Gillis,  the 
scheduling  change  was  imposed  to  make  use 
of  classroom  space  left  idle  at  the  8  a.m. 
hour  and  to  alleviate  mid-day  schedule 
overcrowding.  The  time  shift  created  a  less 
costly  alternative  to  constructing  a  new  class- 
room building,  said  Associate  Registrar 
Harry  DeMik  '69,  M.Ed.  73.  "It  doesn't  make 
sense  to  have  space  idle." 

UWC  instructors  decried  the  decision  at 
a  mid-February  GPSC  meeting.  English 
graduate  student  Caren  Irr,  a  teacher  in 
the  program,  complained  that  the  early  hour 
would  mean  lower  attendance  and  sluggish, 
ill-prepared  students.  She  charged  the  ad- 
ministration with  using  the  8  a.m.  start-up 
to  alleviate  their  scheduling  problems 
without  inconveniencing  professors  in 
other  fields.  Referring  to  UWC  instructors, 
who  are  overwhelmingly  drawn  from  the 
graduate  student  population,  she  said,  "The 
university  is  obviously  doing  this  to  the 
people  who  are  least  likely  to  complain." 

At  a  February  meeting  with  White,  in- 
structors expressed  other  concerns.  Some 
pointed  out  the  difficulty  of  arranging  child 
care  around  8  a.m.  teaching  obligations. 
Some  suggested  the  change  was  fashioned 
to  impose  an  "early-to-rise,  early-to-bed" 
ethic  on  the  "hypothetical  beer-guzzling 
freshman  the  university  hopes  it  can  make 
clean  and  sober."  White  disagreed:  "The 


rationale  did  not  include  using  UWC  to 
impose  university  rules  and  regulations 
upon  the  daily  lives  of  our  undergraduates." 

Other  instructors  took  exception  to  the 
way  the  decision  was  reached,  calling  it 
typical  of  "the  administration's  top-down 
attitude."  Staff  members  discussed  creating 
a  union  of  graduate  student  teachers,  like 
those  organized  by  their  counterparts  at 
the  University  of  Texas  and  Yale.  A  stu- 
dent delegation  led  by  UWC  instructor 
John  Hunter  met  with  representatives  from 
the  American  Federation  of  State,  County, 
and  Municipal  Employees  to  debate  the 
merits  of  negotiating  as  a  group.  "We're  not 
seeing  this  as  an  antagonistic,  anti-admin- 
istration move,"  said  Hunter.  "We're  trying 
to  make  the  administration  consult  us  and 
treat  us  as  employees." 

White  and  Gillis  responded  formally  to 
the  instructors'  concerns  in  a  letter  that  re- 
affirmed their  earlier  decision  and  addressed 
in  particular  the  questions  of  who  was  con- 
sulted in  the  process.  White  and  Gillis 
pointed  out  that  they  had  discussed  the 
changes  with  George  Gopen,  director  of  the 
writing  program,  before  announcing  the 
new  schedule.  Gopen  had  followed  the  ini- 
tial annoucement  with  a  letter  listing  the 
many  advantages  of  the  administration's 
"attempt  to  improve  our  lot."  To  upgrade 
the  current  UWC  arrangement,  wrote 
Gopen,  "The  dean  has  promised  us  a 


1 

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41 

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WHEN  YOU'RE  NAMED  FOR 
DURHAM'S  MOST  FAMOUS  FAMILY 
YOU'RE  EXPECTED  TO  BE  SPECIAL 

Since  the  late  1800s,  the  Duke  family  name 
has  been  closely  associated  with  excellence 
and  achievement.  Today  the  tradition  con- 
tinues at  the  Washington  Duke  Inn  £r  Golf 
Club.  Situated  at  the  edge  of  Duke  Univer- 
sity's campus,  Durham's  first  deluxe  hotel 
offers  171  luxurious  guest  rooms  and  suites. 
Play  a  round  of  golf  on  a  championship 
course  designed  by  Robert  Trent  Jones. 
Enjoy  international  fine  dining  at  the 
Fairview  Restaurant.  Relax  with  a  drink 
and  good  conversation  at  the  Bull  Durham 
Bar.  Whether  you're  \isiting  the  university 
or  planning  a  getaway  you'll  feel  like  a 
special  guest  in  a  gracious  Southern  home 
Call  us  at  (919)  490-0999  or  (800)  443-3853. 

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virtual  monopoly  on  seminar  rooms  at  the 
8  o'clock  hour." 

Gopen  also  reminded  his  staff  that  UWC 
"was  not  singled  out  for  this  experiment." 
According  to  White,  fifty-three  other 
courses  have  been  switched  to  the  eight 
o'clock  hour. 


FAST-FOOD 
FIGHT 


Plans  to  replace  Duke's  Boyd-Pishko 
cafe  with  a  Wendy's  restaurant  have 
stirred  campus-wide  debate  over  pri- 
vatizing dining  services  at  the 
university. 

An  ad-hoc  privatization 
committee  met  last  fall  to  field 
proposals  from  fast-food  fran- 
chises to  transform  the  Bryan 
Center  dining  spot.  The 
committee  was  composed  of 
three  members  appointed  by 
ASDU's  president,  three  from 
the  University  Union,  one 
representative  of  the  Graduate 
and  Professional  Student 
Council,  and  two  at-large 
members.  After  dismissing 
offers  from  McDonald's  and 
Burger  King,  committee  mem- 
bers narrowed  the  field  to 
Wendy's  last  December. 

The  controversy  began  at 
a  February  meeting  when 
protesters  said  the  plan  would  BPornc 
unnecessarily  eliminate  jobs. 
They  argued  that  the  committee  should 
involve  members  of  the  Black  Student 
Alliance,  dining  staff  employees,  and  repre- 
sentatives from  the  Local  77  division  of 
AFSCME  (American  Federation  of  State, 
County,  and  Municipal  Employees),  a  labor 
union  that  encompasses  non-academic  ser- 
vice workers  at  Duke.  These  steps  were 
eventually  taken. 

The  committee's  report  challenged  the 
financial  feasibility  of  the  proposal.  Ac- 
cording to  Wes  Newman  '78,  director  of 
dining  services  and  special  events  and  ad- 
viser to  the  committee,  replacing  the  BP 
without  an  accompanying  expansion  of 
freshman  board  plans  would  cause  an  an- 
nual $234,000  net  lost  profit  in  Duke's  food 
service  budget.  Along  with  its  Bryan  Center 
neighbor,  the  Rathskeller,  the  BP  helps  sub- 
sidize the  East  Campus  Union  Cafeteria 
and  Trent  Drive  eateries,  all  money-losing 
ventures.  Without  alternative  board  plans, 
the  cafeterias  would  close  and  twenty- 
three  jobs  would  be  lost,  said  Newman. 

Plans  to  keep  the  eateries  open  would 
compensate  for  lost  profits  with  a  board  plan 


for  freshmen  mandating  five  cafeteria  meals 
a  week,  or  with  general  hikes  in  meal-plan 
costs.  "The  role  of  this  committee  is  not  to 
make  a  decision  that  will  decide  the  fate  of 
people's  jobs,"  said  committee  co-chair 
Adrienne  Threatt  '93.  "The  problem  is  the 
magnitude  of  the  trade-offs."  According  to 
Newman,  "unless  somebody  concocts  a  new 
scenario,"  the  privatization  plan  "is  a  bad 
business  decision." 

In  its  March  26  meeting,  the  Committee 
to  Examine  Privatization  of  the  BP  voted  8- 
6  to  continue  examination  of  the  proposal. 
A  "non-binding,  information-gathering"  sur- 
vey of  student  opinion  on  the  Wendy's  re- 
placement and  on  several  possible  accom- 
panying,   compensating   board   plans   was 


:  BP:  Will  afranchise  be  financially  feasible  ami  fair  to  food 

circulated  among  the  student  body  in  mid- 
April.  Newman  says  the  committee  will  not 
re-convene  until  the  survey  data  have  been 
collected. 

If  the  survey  brings  a  mixed  or  negative 
reaction,  the  committee  will  vote  to  drop 
the  privatization  idea  altogether.  In  any 
event,  says  Newman,  the  changes  are  not 
likely  to  be  implemented  before  the  spring  or 
fall  of  1993. 


VONNEGUT 
VARIETY  SHOW 

Political,  discursive,  and  ever-mean- 
dering, Kurt  Vonnegut  told  a  February 
audience  in  Page  Auditorium  "How 
to  Get  a  Job  Like  Mine,"  which  took  him 
from  a  discussion  of  war  to  education  to 
racism  to  story-telling. 

Vonnegut  accused  television  of  creating 
international  rivalries  and  animosities.  "T.V. 
has  made  us  absolutely  heartless,"  he  said, 
"It  makes  war  look  like  fun.  We  used  to 


pity  our  enemies,  even  the  worst  of  them." 
Reviewing  his  experience  with  war  and 
his  response  to  censorship,  he  said,  "Burn- 
ing books?  When  I  was  growing  up,  they 
used  to  burn  people."  Vonnegut  said  the 
American  public  is  making  progress  toward 
eradicating  racism,  but  the  battle  is  not  won 
and  may  never  be:  "I  don't  think  [equality] 
is  going  to  happen,  but  be  saints  anyway." 

Vonnegut  cited  an  article  in  The  Nation 
to  show  where  America  had  not  only  fallen 
short  of  its  own  goals,  but  was  falling  be- 
hind other  countries  as  well.  According  to 
Vonnegut,  the  United  States  compares  un- 
favorably with  several  other  countries  in  stan- 
dardized test  scores,  people  living  below 
the  poverty  level,  teen  pregnancy,  and 
percentage  of  the  population 
3  in  prison. 

|  Whatever  his  admitted  short- 
comings as  a  sociologist, 
Vonnegut  called  himself  the 
best  creative-writing  teacher 
ever.  Moving  to  a  center-stage 
chalkboard,  he  integrated  En- 
glish and  mathematics  as  he 
plotted  typical  story-lines  onto 
the  standard  "x-y"  axis.  The 
downward-then-upward  sloping 
bell  curve,  for  example,  describes 
the  hero's  being  dragged  into  a 
disastrous  situation  from  which 
he  recovers  in  a  spectacular  way. 
The  best  stories,  Vonnegut  said, 
are  those  that  don't  seem  like 
they  are  made  up. 

Vonnegut  then  moved  back 

from  fiction  to  fact,  advising  his 

workers?         audience  to  take  life  as  it  comes, 

and  not  expect  it  to  read  like  a 

story.  "We  don't  know  what  the  good 

news  or  the  bad  news  is,  and  life  goes  on." 


ADMINISTRATIVE 
ADDITIONS 


Two  major  administrative  positions  at 
Duke  have  been  filled.  The  Duke 
News  Service,  following  a  nine- 
month  national  search,  has  a  new  director, 
and  undergraduate  admissions  has  a  perma- 
nent successor  to  Richard  A.  Steele,  who 
left  the  directorship  more  than  a  year  ago. 

Al  Rossiter  Jr.,  editor  and  executive  vice 
president  of  United  Press  International,  be- 
came assistant  vice  president  and  director 
of  Duke's  news  service  in  March. 

In  announcing  the  appointment,  Senior 
Vice  President  John  F.  Burness  noted  that 
Rossiter  "has  held  increasing  levels  of  edi- 
torial responsibility  at  UPI  and,  in  recent 
years,  has  managed  that  worldwide  enter- 
prise's journalistic  operations,  covering 
stories  representing  the  full  range  of  aca- 


demic  disciplines  in  which  Duke's  faculty 
are  engaged." 

Rossiter's  professional  career  spans  thirty- 
two  years  at  UPI.  He  was  a  staff  writer  in 
Atlanta,  Georgia,  and  Richmond,  Virginia, 
then  manager  of  the  Cape  Canaveral,  Flori- 
da, bureau.  In  1987,  following  fourteen  years 
as  science  editor,  Rossiter  became  execu- 
tive editor  of  UPI's  Washington,  D.C., 
headquarters.  He  was  appointed  editor  and 
executive  vice  president  in  1991,  responsi- 
ble for  directing  UPI's  worldwide  editorial 
programs  and  its  internal  and  external 
communications.  He  was  also  the  wire  ser- 
vice's chief  corporate  spokesman. 

Christoph  O.  Guttentag,  associate  dean 
and  director  of  recruitment  planning  at  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania,  was  named 
Duke's  new  director  of  undergraduate  admis- 
sions. His  appointment  is  effective  July  1. 

At  Penn,  Guttentag  was  responsible  for 
coordinating  and  evaluating  recruitment 
activities,  including  school  visits,  group  in- 
formation programs,  spring  and  summer  off- 
campus  recruitment,  and  counselor  and 
alumni  programs.  He  also  coordinated  ad- 
missions office  mailings  to  prospective  stu- 
dents, chaired  selection  committee  sessions, 
and  acted  as  the  admissions  liaison  with  the 
athletics  department. 

Guttentag  will  replace  Richard  Steele, 
who  left  Duke  last  March  after  five  years 
to  become  Bowdoin  College's  dean  of  ad- 
missions. A  national  search  was  conducted 
following  Steele's  departure.  Harold  Win- 
good,  acting  head  of  Duke's  admissions 
office,  will  become  dean  of  undergraduate 
admissions  in  July  at  Washington  Univer- 
sity in  St.  Louis. 

A  summa  cum  laude  graduate  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  California,  Santa  Barbara,  Gut- 
tentag earned  his  master's  from  Penn.  His 


academic  specialty  is  music  history  and  the- 
ory; and  his  master's  thesis  was  on  Haydn's 
symphonies. 


SEEKING  A  NEW 
PRESIDENT 


The  search  committee  that  will  choose 
a  successor  to  H.  Keith  H.  Brodie 
when  he  steps  down  from  the  presi- 
dency in  June  1993  will  be  chaired  by  John 
W.  Chandler  B.D.  '52,  vice  chair  of  Duke's 
board  of  trustees.  Philip  Stewart,  professor 
of  Romance  studies,  is  the  search  commit- 
tee's vice  chair. 

Besides  Chandler,  five  other  members  of 
the  committee  are  Duke  trustees,  includ- 
ing trustee  chair  Philip  Jackson  Baugh  '54 
(ex  officio),  Julie  C.  Esrey  '60,  William  A. 
Lane  Jr.  '44,  Dorothy  L.  Simpson  '46,  and 
Daniel  C.  Tosteson. 

Sara  S.  Beale,  professor  of  law,  is  joined 
on  the  committee  by  fellow  faculty  repre- 
sentatives Richard  M.  Burton,  professor  of 
the  Fuqua  School  of  Business  and  chair  of 
the  Academic  Council  (ex  officio);  John 
M.  Falletta,  hematology  and  oncology  pro- 
fessor in  pediatrics;  Bertram  Fraser-Reid, 
James  B.  Duke  Professor  of  Chemistry;  and 
Craufurd  Goodwin  Ph.D.  '58,  James  B. 
Duke  Professor  of  Economics. 

Alumni  and  local  interests  are  repre- 
sented in  the  committee  ranks  by  Edward 
M.  Hanson  '73,  A.M.  '77,  J.D.  '77,  presi- 
dent-elect of  the  Duke  Alumni  Association; 
Jean  G.  Spaulding  M.D.  '73,  a  community 
leader  in  Durham;  and  former  trustee  chair 
Fitzgerald  S.  Hudson  B.S.C.E.  '46.  Jerry  D. 
Campbell  M.Div.  '71,  university  librarian, 
is  an  administrative  respresentative. 


Undergraduates  are  represented  by 
Hardy  Vieux  '93,  the  newly-elected  presi- 
dent of  ASDU  (Associated  Students  of 
Duke  University),  and  graduate  and  profes- 
sional school  students  by  Richard  Gold- 
berg, a  graduate  student  in  biomedical 
engineering.  Allison  Haltom  '72,  university 
secretary,  is  executive  vice-chair  and  a 
non-voting  member  of  the  committee. 

The  search  committee  plans  to  present 
the  names  of  at  least  two  candidates  to  the 
executive  committee  of  the  board  of 
trustees  in  time  for  a  candidate  to  be  select- 
ed before  Brodie  steps  down  June  30,  1993. 
The  committee  invites  nominations  from 
alumni.  Correspondence  should  be  directed 
to  the  Presidential  Search  Committee  at 
P.O.  Box  22079,  Duke  Station,  Durham, 
N.C.  27706. 


PROGRESS 
REPORT 


Four  years  after  initiating  a  five-year 
program  to  attract  more  black  faculty 
and  graduate  students,  Duke  officials 
say  the  results  are  mixed.  Graduate  student 
recruitment  is  up,  but  faculty  hiring  lags  be- 
hind original  goals.  The  results  appeared  in 
Duke  Dialogue,  the  faculty-staff  newspaper. 
With  a  year  left  in  the  project,  the  uni- 
versity now  employs  thirty-four  regular- 
rank  black  faculty,  just  three  more  than  at 
the  starting  point  in  September  1987.  At 
the  same  time,  the  initiative  has  already 
achieved  its  goal  of  doubling  the  number 
of  black  doctoral  candidates  by  1993. 

Officials  say  the  disappointing  faculty 
numbers  illustrate  the  intense  competition 
for  limited  numbers  of  black  faculty  na- 


FEMINISM 

Continued  from  page  16 


"I  think  it  has  to  do  with  the  fact  that 
every  single  book  we'd  read  in  class  was 
written  by  a  man  about  men.  And  it  be- 
gins to  weigh  on  your  conscience  that  year 
after  year,  class  after  class,  the  role  of  women 
gets  two  minutes.  I  asked  my  professor  why 
there  weren't  any  books  by  or  about  women 
and  he  said,  'Well,  the  story  of  Latin 
America  is  the  story  of  men.' 

"And  I  think  that  [attitude]  is  why  the 
women  in  our  class  are  reluctant  to  talk.  In 
the  early  days  of  feminism,  there  was  a 
push  for  women  to  be  more  like  men,  stat- 
ing their  opinions  strongly.  But  we  should 
acknowledge  that  women  approach  things 
differently  and  value  that  equally.  Still,  it's 
very  hard  to  break  in  and  change  the 
entire  direction  [of  class  discussion].  If  you 


don't  care  about  what's  being  said,  you 
totally  disengage." 

Weiss  was  encouraged,  however,  by  her 
classmates'  willingness  to  lis- 
ten to  her  point  of  view.  One 
of  the  more  talkative  members 
of  the  class  said  he  welcomed 
her  involvement,  "because  if 
there's  a  way  I'm  not  seeing 
this  novel,  I  want  to  hear 
about  it." 

The  importance  of  articu- 
lating unspoken  but  unmis- 
takable differences  in  how 
men  and  women  react, 
whether  to  literature  or  real- 
life  situations,  seems  self-evi- 
dent. But  citing  experiences 
such  as  Weiss'  to  say  the 
women's  movement  no  longer  exists,  o 
that  it  failed,  misses  a  larger  point. 

"In  the  Seventies,  this  kind  of  dialogu 


was  only  taking  place  among  women,  in 
what  is  classically  called  'consciousness- 
raising  groups,'  "  says  Luttrell.  "But  the  sub- 
ject  of  male-female   relation- 
1  ships,  both  on  campus  and 
:  nationally,   is  undergoing  a 
major     transformation.     Date 
rape,  for  example,    is  some- 
thing    that's     openly     dis- 
cussed   at    kegs   and    in   the 
dining    halls.   What  are   the 
connections    between    power 
and  sexuality?  How  should  we 
evaluate  our  leaders  based  on 
their  relationships  with  the 


Ziegler:  "It's  almost  impossi 
ble  to  say  one  organization 

L'(/n  thUrcss  alio 


opposite  sex; 

"These   are  questions  that 

have  become  part  of  the  public 

imagination  and  discourse.  And 

although  it  might  not  always  appear  this 

way,  I  think  a  lot  of  that  can  be  attributed  to 

the  women's  movement."  ■ 


4" 


tionally,  and  belie  a  significant  amount  of 
activity  from  many  Duke  departments. 
Since  1987,  more  than  a  dozen  departments 
have  hired  new  black  faculty  to  tenure- 
track  positions.  But  these  numbers  have 
been  largely  offset  by  retirements,  depar- 
tures, and  transfers  to  administrative  roles 
or  to  non-regular  rank  faculty  positions.  A 
comparable  number  of  departments  have 
hired  minority  faculty  as  visiting  profes- 
sors— situations  that  can  serve  as  stepping 
stones  to  permanent  faculty  appointment — 
or  to  other  non-regular  rank  positions. 

"There  has  been  activity  in  many  depart- 
ments," says  Margaret  Rouse  Bates  '63,  vice 
provost  for  academic  programs  and  facilities. 


"The  departments  where  there  has  been 
no  activity  are  clustered  disproportionately 
in  the  small  language  departments  and  the 
non-clinical  sciences,  places  where  the  pool 
of  candidates  is  relatively  low." 

But  religion  professor  Melvin  Peters,  a 
former  member  of  the  Academic  Council's 
Committee  on  Black  Faculty,  told  Duke 
Dialogue  that  conditions  for  black  faculty 
have  not  improved  on  campus  since  the 
initiative,  and  that  those  conditions  are  a 
major  obstacle  in  recruiting  and  retaining 
black  faculty.  "The  question  should  be  why 
are  we  stuck  on  approximately  thirty  black 
faculty?  The  answer  might  be  that  is  as 
many  people  as  this  environment  might 


IoThe  Charm  And  Hospitality 

Of  A  Southern  City,  We  Added  Landfall. 

An  Exceptional  Golf  Community 


Sailboats  and  yachts  glide  along  the  Intracoastal  Waterway.  Wrightsville  Beach  is 
visible  in  the  distance.  This  is  Landfall. 

There  are  two  exceptional  golf  courses,  one  by  Jack  Nicklaus  and  the  other  by  Pete 
Dye;  two  clubhouses  and  a  Cliff  Drysdale  Sports  Center.  Just  outside  the 
grounds  lies  historic  Wilmington  with  a  varied  cultural  life  including  active 
theatre  and  symphony  seasons,  and  museums. 

The  seafood  is  fabulous.  The  people  are  warm.  And  the  climate  is 
friendly,  with  four  distinct  but  moderate  seasons.  This  is  life  at  Landfall  — 
for  those  who  don't  want  to  get  away  from  it  all. 

Homesites  from  $65,000  to  $695,000.  Homes  from  $225,000 
to  $1,500,000.  Landfall  Associates,  1801  Eastwood  Rd., 
Wilmington,  NC  28405.  800-227-8208. 

Obtain  the  Property  Report  required  by  federal  la 

value,  if  any,  of  this  property.  This  advertisement 

NJREC.  This  project  is  registered  with  the  New  Jersey  Real 

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JWfttU' 


support. 

Duke  officials  say  they  continue  to  support 
the  initiative  as  a  high  priority,  even  in  the 
midst  of  current  budgetary  restrictions.  In 
an  October  speech  before  the  Academic 
Council,  provost  Thomas  Langford  B.D. 
'54,  Ph.D.  '58  cited  minority  faculty  re- 
cruitment as  a  high  priority. 


SUPER 
SCANNER 


Anew  $2-million  second-generation 
Positron  Emission  Tomography 
(PET)  scanner  in  the  Duke  Medical 
Center  allows  physicians  to  "see"  the  chem- 
istry of  brain  tumors,  diseased  heart  tissue, 
and  the  neural  processes  of  the  mentally  ill. 

The  GE  4096  PET  scanner— and  a 
$500,000  grant  from  GE  Medical  Systems 
of  Milwaukee,  Wisconsin,  to  help  develop 
a  third-generation  machine — constitute  a 
milestone  for  the  medical  center  in  "the 
most  important  technology  in  the  last 
twenty  years  of  nuclear  medicine,"  accord- 
ing to  project  leader  R.  Edward  Coleman, 
a  professor  of  radiology. 

Duke  will  become  the  first  institution  to 
install  the  third-generation  scanner  after  it 
is  completed  later  this  year.  Coleman  says 
he  expects  government  and  insurer  ap- 
provals to  mark  this  year  for  the  beginning 
of  much  wider  clinical  use  for  PET. 

"PET  can  uniquely  and  accurately  access 
regional  function  and  biochemistry  in  the 
human  body,"  says  Coleman.  "PET  detects 
chemical  abnormalities,  and  in  most  dis- 
ease processes,  chemical  changes  precede 
anatomical  changes."  It  should  enable  ear- 
lier detection,  as  well  as  more  effective  and 
less  expensive  treatment  for  cancer,  heart 
disease,  and  mental  disorders. 

PET  scans  can  give  physicians  a  "chemical 
sight"  into  their  patients,  says  Coleman, 
because  the  scanned  images  depict  the  be- 
havior of  radioactively  tagged  chemicals  in 
the  body.  This  chemical  sight  can  reveal 
tumors  or  damaged  heart  tissue  that  are  not 
visible  on  computerized  tomography  or  mag- 
netic resonance  imaging  scans.  The  new 
scanner  can  rapidly  obtain  images  that  are 
sharper  and  cover  more  area  than  previous 
machines,  allowing  physicians  to  capture 
the  whole  heart  or  most  of  the  brain  in  one 
image,  says  Coleman. 

Nine  other  medical  centers  around  the 
country  use  the  second-generation  GE  system 
and  some  seventy  PET  centers  are  now  in  op- 
eration. Duke  is  unusual  among  PET  centers 
in  that  its  research  covers  a  broader  range 
of  uses  for  PET.  Coleman  leads  a  twelve- 
member  PET  research  and  clinical  team  that 
includes  neurologists,  oncologists,  surgeons, 
pediatricians,  physicists,  and  chemists. 


DUKE  BOOKS 


Storming  the  Reality  Studio:  A 
Casebook  of  Cyberpunk  and 
Postmodern  Science  Fiction. 

B;y  Larry  McCaffery,  editor.  Durham:  Duke 
University  Press,  1992.  344  pp.  $17.95  paper, 
$49.95  cloth. 

It  is  not  every  day  that  we  get  to 
witness  the  formation  of  a  new 
genre  of  literature.  It  is  an  experi- 
ence, for  those  interested  in  liter- 
ary and  cultural  phenomena,  akin 
to  watching  the  lava  begin  to  flow 
from  a  long-dormant  volcano,  wip- 
ing out  everything  in  its  path, 
building  new  formations,  and  dramatically 
reshaping  our  physical  terrain.  It  is,  in  short, 
history  in  the  making. 

The  activity  that  most  immediately  in- 
forms the  shape  of  American  literary  terrain 
is  the  process  of  anthologizing.  Antholo- 
gies do  the  frontline  work  in  the  academic 
business  of  modifying  and  reshaping  the 
literary  "canon."  Of  course,  whole  "genres" 
may  prove  only  momentary  landmarks,  to 
be  buried  in  a  new  influx  of  texts  that,  in 
turn,  may  or  may  not  survive  the  impact  of 
those  that  follow. 

A  new  anthology  edited  by  Larry 
McCaffery  offers  readers  an  opportunity  to 
observe  the  formation  of  a  distinctive  new 
feature  of  the  American  literary  landscape. 
Storming  the  Reality  Studio:  A  Casebook  of 
Cyberpunk  and  Postmodern  Science  Fiction 
confidently  measures  out  the  perimeter  of 
the  1980s-born  sci-fi  genre  called  "cyber- 
punk." Cyberpunk  is  a  substrate  of  science 
fiction  that  has  been  afforded  space  in  the 
arena  of  high  culture,  largely  because  of  its 
symbiotic  relationship  to  the  theories  of 
postmodernism  set  out  by  Marxist  theorist 
and  Duke  professor  Fredric  Jameson  and 
others. 

Cyberpunk,  a  term  coined  by  writer  and 
critic  Gardner  Dozois  in  response  to  the 
1984  publication  of  William  Gibson's  high- 
ly acclaimed  Neuromancer,  denotes  hard- 
boiled,  streetwise  prose;  terse,  nihilistic 
characters;  and  souped-up  storylines  that 
break  the  narrative  speed  limit.  As  Istvan 
Csisery-Ronay  Jr.  writes  in  his  contribu- 
tion to  McCaffery 's  volume,  "  'Cyber/punk' — 
the  ideal  postmodern  couple:  a  machine 
philosophy  that  can  create  the  world  in  its 
own  image  and  a  self-mutilating  freedom, 
that  is  that  image  snarling  back." 

The  (more  or  less)  undisputed  core  texts 


in  the  genre — Gibson's  Neuromancer,  Bruce 
Sterling's  Schismatrix,  Walter  Jon  Williams' 
Hardwired,  Richard  Kadrey's  Metrophage — 
develop  the  themes  of  the  ascendancy  of 
multinational  corporations,  the  cultivation 
of  ever  more  intimate  human-machine  in- 
terfaces, the  increase  of  apparently  random 
violence,  and  the  subversion  of  conven- 
tional gender  roles  and  social  structures. 
The  tie  that  binds  all  of  this  together  is  the 
movement's  ultimate  obsession:  technology. 
But  McCaffery  is  finally  less  concerned 
with  the  "core"  cyberpunk  texts,  which  in 
their  repetition  of  formulaic  plots  may 
become  predictable  and  tedious,  than  with 
mapping  the  outskirts  of  the  genre,  where 
it  intersects  with  other  genres  and  takes 


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Cosmic  comics:  detail  from  James  O'Barr's  Frame  137 


cultural  issues  in  new  directions.  In  his  ex- 
tremely useful  "Cyberpunk  101:  A  Schemat- 
ic Guide  to  Storming  the  Reality  Studio," 
McCaffery,  together  with  author  Richard 
Kadrey,  lays  out  the  groundwork  on  which 
the  contemporary  cyberpunk  movement 
has  been  built.  The  anthologizers  begin 
with  Mary  Shelley's  Frankenstein  as  a  pre- 
cursor of  the  cyberpunk  movement  and  go 
on  to  catalog  authors  as  varied  as  Raymond 
Chandler,  Thomas  Pynchon,  and  Robert 
Stone,  as  well  as  media  ranging  from  film 
(Bladerunner,  The  Terminator),  to  MTV,  to 
punk  music,  and  performance  art. 

McCaffery  offers  thirty  excerpts  from 
literary  works,  poetry,  and  art  that  he  has 
tagged  "cyberpunk."  The  excerpts  provide 
a  titillating  sampler;  they  manage  to  con- 
vey the  wonderful  richness  of  this  brand  of 
science  fiction  and  its  postmodern  corol- 
laries. No  less  importantly,  they  reveal  the 
occasional  redundancy  and  near  self-parody 
of  the  inbred  works  at  the  core  of  the 
movement. 

The  remainder  of  Storming  the  Reality 
Studio  is  given  over  to  a  collection  of  critical 
essays.  Living  up  to  its  promise  to  address 
both  cyberpunk  and  the  broader  cultural 
category  of  postmodernism,  the  anthology 
here  takes  brief  excerpts  from  the  works  of 
Fredric  Jameson,  Arthur  Kroker,  Jean- 
Francis  Lyotard,  and  Jean  Baudrillard.  Par- 
ticularly noteworthy  in  the  critical  offerings 
are  Veronica  Hollinger's  essay,  "Cybernet- 
ic Deconstructions:  Cyberpunk  and  Post- 
modernism," which  explores  cyberpunk's 
anti-humanist  capacity  to  deny  human 
subjectivity;  Darko  Suvin's  "On  Gibson 
and  Cyberpunk  SF,"  a  comparison  of  the 
writings  of  William  Gibson  and  Bruce 
Sterling;  Brian  McHale's  "POSTcyber- 
MODERNpunklSM,"  a  measured  analysis 
of  the  relation  of  postmodernism  first  to 
modernism,  then  to  SF;  and  Bruce  Ster- 
ling's seminal  introduction  to  the  Mirror- 
shades  anthology,  the  first  anthology  of 
cyberpunk  fiction,  published  in  1986. 

The  critical  section  attempts  to  broaden 
the  scope  of  inquiry  in  regard  to  cyber- 
punk— both  with  its  nod  to  the  theoretical 
works  of  postmodern  theorists,  and  with 
diverse  perspectives  provided  by  feminist 
critics,  by  the  fiction  writers  themselves, 
and  by  critics  from  Japan,  France,  and 
Canada,  as  well  as  the  United  States.  A 
glaring  omission  in  this  portion  of  the 
anthology  is  any  consideration  of  the  racial 


51 


politics  of  the  cyberpunk  movement.  For 
all  their  attention  to  urban  spaces  as  loci  of 
social  conflict,  cyberpunk  texts  do  little  to 
explore  questions  of  race  in  their  imagined 
futures,  and  McCaffery  himself  appears  to 
accept  this  exclusion. 

The  omission  is  clearest  when  McCaffery 
in  his  own  critical  essay,  "Cutting  Up: 
Cyberpunk,  Punk  Music,  and  Urban  De- 
contextualizations,"  focuses  on  the  music 
that  has  informed  cyberpunk  fiction. 
McCaffery's  impulse  to  focus  on  "punk" 
music  is,  on  the  surface,  a  logical  one — the 
punk  sensibility  is  a  palpable  element  of 
the  fiction  he  addresses.  If  indeed  things 
cyberpunk  are  characterized  by  Informa- 
tion Age  density  and  specificity  of  data,  by 
postmodern  rupture,  by  technological  wiz- 
ardry and  street  cool,  then  surely  space 
must  be  made  in  such  an  essay — in  such  an 
anthology — for  the  musical  form  that  has 
won  an  enormous  American  audience  with 
this  very  combination  of  elements.  That  is, 
of  course,  rap  music,  or  "hip-hop,"  the 
densely  layered,  technologically  sophisti- 
cated music  being  produced  primarily  by 
urban  blacks. 

This  said,  McCaffery's  "casebook"  offers 
an  extraordinary  concentration  of  cutting- 
edge  ideas,  expressed  both  in  fictional  and 
theoretical  forms.  One  cannot  read  Storm- 
ing the  Reality  Studio  without  developing 
the  conviction  that  indeed  cyberpunk  is 
something  new,  marking  as  it  does  the 
movement  of  human  consciousness  into 
the  new  realms  that  technology  is  at  once 
revealing  and  constructing. 

— Heather  Hicks 

Now  in  her  second  year  in  Dukes  English  Ph.D. 
program,  Hicks  is  teaching  a  seminar  called  "Across 
the  Infinite  Datascape:  Literatures  of  the  Informa- 
tion Age,1'  which  includes  many  of  the  cyberpunk 
and  postmodern  novels  anthologized  in  McCaf- 
fery's volume.  She  also  does  work  in  nineteenth- 
century  American  fiction. 


Forms  of  Shelter. 

B;y  Angela  Davis-Gardner  '63.  New  York: 
Ticknor& Fields,  1991.  276pp.  $19.95.. 


Lucretius  wrote  of  mutabili- 
ty in  dark,  almost  tragic 
terms:  "Whenever  a  thing 
changes  and  quits  its  prop- 
er limits,  at  once  this 
change  of  state  is  the 
death  of  that  which  was 
before."  Beryl,  the  narrator 
of  Angela  Davis-Gardner's  second  novel, 
Forms  of  Shelter,  is  a  nervously  lonely  mid- 
dle-aged woman  in  Chicago.  She  states 
coldly  that  she  will  now  deal  with  her  past 
without  fantasy  or  omission  ("this  time  I 
would  tell  the  truth")  as  she  places  a  thorn 
and  a  piece  of  wood  "whittled  flat  on  two 


Mutability  is  clearly  at 

the  center  of  this 

beautifully  rendered, 

deeply  mysterious  story. 


sides,  like  bone"  on  the  surface  of  her  desk. 

Yet  as  she  recreates  her  childhood  and 
an  obsessive  narrative  drive,  the  reader 
grows  increasingly  anxious.  Is  the  attrac- 
tive, vulnerable  girl  who  was  the  younger 
Beryl  forever  lost,  dead  in  this  hard  woman 
who  seems  to  be  telling  her  story  with 
vengeance  in  her  heart? 

Mutability  is  clearly  at  the  center  of  this 
beautifully  rendered,  deeply  mysterious 
story.  When  Beryl's  stepfather  Jack,  a  pro- 
fessor of  classics,  receives  the  galley  proofs 
for  his  translation  of  The  Metamorphoses, 
he  gives  the  teenage  girl  a  celebratory  glass 
of  sherry  and  asks  her  for  a  favor: 

When  I  said  sure,  he  gave  me  a 
part  of  his  manuscript — this  would  be 
a  good  story  for  me  to  start  with,  he 
said — and  had  me  read  aloud  while 
he  checked  the  galley  proofs  for 
dropped  lines  and  typos. 

It  was  about  Daphne  and  Apollo, 
and  how  he  turned  her  into  a  tree 
when  she  fled  from  his  advances. 
Though  I'd  heard  this  story  before 
from  Jack,  that  could  not  explain  how 
easily  I  read  it.  The  lines  seemed  to 
rise  up  and  flow  through  me  like 
water;  it  must  have  been  the  sherry. 

Beryl's  inaccurate  memory  or  possible 
misreading  of  Ovid  seems  crucial,  for  in 
The  Metamorphoses  it  was  not  the  love- 
struck  Apollo,  but  Daphne's  river-god 
father  who  effected  the  transformation  in 
answer  to  the  maiden's  plea.  If  Beryl  as  a 
mature  narrator  seems  to  be  a  woman 
turned  to  wood,  does  she  really  understand 
how  and  why  this  happened  or  does  she 
misinterpret  the  legend  of  her  own  meta- 
morphosis as  her  past  rises  up  and  flows 
into  her  present  telling  of  it? 

All  of  the  people  in  Beryl's  story  seem  to 
view  life  in  terms  of  violent  disjunctures, 
rather  than  of  continuity.  When  Beryl  is 
five,  her  father  simply  abandons  his  family 
on  their  little  farm  and  apparently  returns  to 
an  itinerant  existence  as  a  band  musician 
in  Chicago.  Her  bitter  grandfather  sees  the 
past  as  a  betrayal  that  occurred  when  the 
attack  on  Pearl  Harbor  made  mockery  of 
his  career  as  a  missionary  in  Japan.  Her 
gentle  grandmother  dreamily  tends  a  win- 


ter garden  memorializing  her  dead  babies, 
while  largely  ignoring  the  living.  Between 
bouts  of  clinical  depression,  Beryl's  mother, 
Beatrice,  keeps  trying  to  start  all  over 
again,  an  effort  that  involves  destroying  all 
reminders  of  the  past — photographs,  let- 
ters, and  all  manner  of  mementos.  Beryl's 
younger  brother  Stevie  seems  masochistic 
in  his  efforts  to  transcend  the  present  by 
adopting  ancient  modes  of  martyrdom. 

And  her  stepfather  Jack  tries  to  control 
the  metamorphosis  of  each  of  them,  seeking 
to  turn  the  aspiring,  but  poorly  educated 
Beatrice  into  a  novelist,  educating  the  chil- 
dren away  from  the  "backward"  culture  of 
1950s  North  Carolina,  asking  them  to  take 
his  name,  share  his  interests,  accept  his 
cosmopolitan  values,  and  meet  his  special 
and  rigid  standards.  Small  wonder  that 
Beryl  hides  Gone  with  the  Wind  inside  the 
dust  jacket  of  The  Brothers  Karamazov,  or 
that  she  grows  disturbingly  preoccupied 
with  the  wish  for  the  return  of  her  "true" 
father,  a  child's  dream  of  tenderly  perfect, 
undemanding  paternal  love. 

The  emblem  of  Jack's  need  for  control 
and  order  is  his  amateur  beekeeping,  which 
may  also  represent  his  need  to  be  under- 
stood as  a  social  creature.  The  struggle  that 
Davis-Gardner  develops  within  this  family 
becomes  a  struggle  over  the  bees,  fierce, 
funny,  and  deadly.  In  a  review  some 
secrets  must  be  kept — what  brings  Jack  to 
tears,  how  Beatrice  is  finally  robbed  of  all 
memory,  why  Beryl  seems  left  with  noth- 
ing but  memory  and  silence. 

In  Ovid's  poem  (the  Horace  Gregory 
translation),  Daphne  cries  out,  "Father, 
make  me  an  eternal  virgin,"  and 

A  soaring  drowsiness  possessed  her; 
growing 

In  earth  she  stood, 

...the  glittering  green 

Leaf  twined  within  her  hair  and 
she  was  laurel. 

Even  if  the  novel  represents  Beryl's  break- 
ing of  her  silence,  what  has  she  achieved 
for  herself,  other  than  an  artful  revenge 
against  her  Apollo  or  a  recreation  that 
serves  as  an  exorcism?  At  the  conclusion 
she  says,  "I  feel  deeply  tired  but  full:  some- 
thing like  peace."  Then  "drifting  to  sleep," 
Beryl  thinks  of  "each  fragrant  branch"  in 
her  grandmother's  garden.  The  metamor- 
phosis seems  complete.  The  wonderful 
young  Beryl  seems  lost,  except  in  the  vivid 
memory  represented  by  the  book  itself. 
This  seems  a  strange  and  terrible  transfor- 
mation for  the  reader,  but  a  triumph  for 
Angela  Davis-Gardner  as  novelist. 

— Scott  Byrd 


Byrd,  an  administrator  at  Duke  Medical  Center,  is 
a  local  book  reviewer  and  free-lance  writer.  His 
profile  of  novelist  Elizabeth  Cox  appeared  in  a  past 
issue  of  the 


52 


Scandinavia/Russia  Cruise  June  11-25 

Seven  colorful  ports  on  one  deluxe  five-star  cruise - 
there  is  no  better  way  to  experience  Scandinavia  and 
the  Baltic  port  of  Leningrad,  U.S.S.R.  Duke  travelers 
have  an  added  option  of  beginning  their  vacation  with 
a  three-day  exploration  of  Copenhagen's  canals  and 
castles  before  the  luxurious  Crystal  Harmony  sets  sail 
to  Helsinki,  Finland,  Leningrad,  U.S.S.R.,  Stockholm, 
Sweden,  Gdansk,  Poland,  Oslo,  Norway,  and  Amster- 
dam, Holland,  on  a  delightful  13-night  cruise.  The 
new  Crystal  Harmony  was  designed  to  be  the  most 
spacious  and  luxurious  of  all  cruise  vessels.  She  boasts 
the  largest  suites  with  over  50%  of  the  staterooms 
having  private  verandas.  Three  elegant  restaurants 
offer  a  variety  of  cuisine  and  ambience.  Special  cock- 
tail parties,  an  orchestra  for  dancing  and  nightly  enter- 
tainment cap  off  days  of  leisurely  discovery.  Reduced 
airfare  from  many  major  cities  enhances  the  attraction. 
The  Scandinavia/Russia  Cruise  is  priced  from  approxi- 
mately $4,585  per  person. 


Cotes  du  Rhone  Passage         June  30-July  13 

This  exclusive  land/cruise  program  begins  in  Cannes, 
the  sparkling  jewel  of  the  Mediterranean's  Cote  d'Azur. 
Its  famous  palm  tree-lined  boulevard,  Promenade  de 
la  Croisette,  runs  along  the  coast,  separating  luxurious 
hotels  from  sun-drenched,  sandy  beaches  that  ring 
the  Bay  of  Napoule.  Experience  also  the  beauty  of 
Monaco  and  other  resorts  along  the  French  Riviera  as 
well  as  the  medieval  "Perched  Villages"  in  the  nearby 
Maritime  Alps.  From  Cannes,  travel  to  fascinating 
Avignon,  one  of  France's  most  splendid  medieval  cities, 
where  you  will  board  our  exclusive  deluxe  river  cruise 
ship,  the  M/SArlene.  Your  eight-day/seven-night  cruise 
of  the  Rhone  and  Saone  Rivers  will  bring  you  face-to- 
face  with  Roman  Ruins,  ancient  towns  frozen  in  time 
and  a  landscape  which  Vincent  van  Gogh  captured 
on  numerous  canvasses.  Journey  from  Macon  in  Bur- 
gundy to  the  incomparable  city  of  Paris  by  TGV  high- 
speed train  for  a  relaxing  conclusion  to  your  French 
experience.  From  approximately  $4,400  per  person 
from  Atlanta  and  $4,300  per  person  from  New  York. 

Midnight  Sun  Express  and  Alaska  Passage 
July  17-30 

Begin  with  two  nights  in  the  1902  gold  rush  city  of 
Fairbanks,  Alaska.  Then,  board  your  own  private  cars 
of  the  Midnight  Sun  Express  train  as  it  winds  for  450 
miles  through  the  rugged,  wild,  last  American  frontier. 
After  the  first  sixty  miles  by  rail,  arrive  at  six-million- 
acre  Denali  National  Park  for  a  one-night  visit  and, 
perhaps,  catch  a  glimpse  of  Mount  McKinley,  the 
park's  centerpiece.  On  to  Anchorage  for  a  two-night 
stay,  and  then  board  the  Pacific  Princess,  for  a  seven 
night  cruise  of  Alaska's  Inside  Passage  to  Vancouver. 
All  sight-seeing  is  included  in  Fairbanks,  Denali 
National  Park  and  Anchorage.  A  two-night  Vancouver 
option  is  available.  The  Midnight  Sun  Express  and 
Alaska  Passage  is  priced  from  approximately  $2,599, 
per  person,  from  Fairbanks/Vancouver. 


The  Rogue  River- A  Rafting  Trip   July  20-26 

Declared  the  nation's  first  Wild  and  Scenic  river,  the 
Rogue  has  something  for  everyone.  Its  water  is  warm, 
its  rapids  are  exciting  but  safe,  its  wildlife  is  plentiful 
(bear,  elk,  bald  eagle,  deer,  otter,  beaver,  osprey)  and  its 
scenery  is  lush  and  delightful.  Rafting  45  miles  in  five 
days  provides  ample  time  and  opportunity  for  side 
hikes  to  nearby  waterfalls,  and  swimming  holes.  The 
Rogue  is  gentle  enough  for  the  novice  and  diverse 
enough  for  the  experienced.  In  short,  it's  the  perfect 
river  rafting  trip.  $895  from  Medford,  Oregon. 


Canadian  Rockies  Adventure      August  10-19 

A  nature  spectacular  visiting  the  best  of  the  Canadian 
West:  one  night  in  Calgary  at  the  Palliser  Hotel;  two 


TRAVEL 
1992 

MANYMORE 

EXCITING 
ADVENTURES 

"The  world  is  a  great  book,  of 

which  they  who  never  stir  from 

home  read  only  a  page." 

St.  Augustine 

We  cordially  invite  you 
to  travel  with  us. 


nights  in  Glacier  National  Park;  one  night  at  Many 
Glacier  Hotel,  then  crossing  the  Continental  Divide 
for  one  night  at  Lake  McDonald  Lodge;  two  nights 
at  beautiful  Chateau  Lake  Louise;  two  nights  at  the 
Jasper  Park  Lodge  in  Jasper;  and  two  nights  in  Banff 
at  the  Banff  Springs  Hotel.  Your  members  will  view 
it  in  a  small,  congenial  group.  All  sightseeing  and 
most  meals  are  included  throughout  the  trip  at  no 
additional  charge.  Special  welcome  and  farewell  cock- 
tail and  dinner  parties  are  also  included.  The  Cana- 
dian Rockies  Adventure  is  priced  at  approximately 
$2,199,  per  person,  from  Calgary. 


China  and  Yangtze  River  Cruise 
September  22-October  10 

An  exclusive  itinerary  which  includes  the  best  of 
the  People's  Republic  and  features  an  unforgettable 


three-night  cruise  down  the  upper  Yangtze  River  and 
the  scenic  splendor  of  the  Three  Gorges,  often  cited 
as  the  world's  most  spectacular  river  scenery.  In  and 
around  Beijing,  you'll  see  the  Great  Wall,  the  For- 
bidden City,  the  Summer  Palace  and  the  Temple  of 
Heaven.  You'll  stop  at  Xi'an  to  view  the  hundreds  of 
recently  excavated  terra-cotta  warriors  guarding  the 
tomb  of  the  first  emperor  of  a  united  China.  You'll 
enjoy  the  metropolitan  sights  and  pleasures  of 
Shanghai,  China's  largest  city.  Also  available  is  an 
optional  two-night  extension  to  exciting  Hong  Kong, 
where  fabulous  shopping  and  sightseeing  exist  side 
by  side.  To  ensure  maximum  participant  enjoyment, 
group  size  will  be  limited  to  40.  From  approximately 
$4,895  per  person  from  San  Francisco. 


Grand  Tour  of  Spain  October  13-26 

This  fall  we  explore  the  old-world  charm  of  Portugal 
and  Spain. . .  .  countries  rich  in  history  and  traditions. 
Our  itinerary  begins  in  Lisbon,  capital  city  of  Portugal 
and  continues  with  visits  to:  Seville,  Cordoba,  Granada 
and  cosmopolitan  Madrid.  Via  secondary  roads  and 
quiet,  rural  by-ways  we  experience  the  countryside  that 
reflects  the  character  of  these  proud  people.  A  special 
selection  of  optional  excursions  will  include;  flamenco 
in  Seville,  El  Escorial  and  Valley  of  the  Fallen  and  Avila 
and  Segovia.  Approximately  $3,100  from  New  York. 

Greek  Isles  &  Ancient  Civilizations 
November  14-27 

The  ancient  wonders  of  a  lost  civilization  wait  for 
you  when  you  join  fellow  Duke  alumni  and  friends 
for  an  odyssey  through  time.  Travel  to  the  mysteries 
of  Cairo,  Istanbul  and  Pompeii;  experience  the  cul- 
tures that  formed  world  history  in  Rome,  Ephesus  and 
Athens.  And  in  between,  touch  the  pristine  beauty  of 
the  romantic  islands  of  Greece:  Patmos,  Rhodes  and 
Crete.  Your  home  for  this  14-day  air/sea  adventure 
will  be  Royal  Cruise  Line's  elegant  Golden  Odyssey— 
long  a  favorite  of  Duke  alumni.  Prices  begin  at  $2,715 
including  free  air  from  major  cities. 

Amazon  River  Cruise  November  16-29 

Seabourh  Cruise  Line's  Amazon  is  different  from 
everyone  else's  Amazon:  Seabourn  takes  you  farther 
and  closer!  Relax  in  your  elegantly  appointed  outside 
suite  and  gaze  through  your  own  picture  window  at 
the  unparalleled  mystery  and  majesty  of  the  world's 
mightiest  river.  Along  the  way  Seabourn's  unique 
shore  excursions  are  a  rare  mix  of  elegance  and  adven- 
ture. After  the  Amazon  enjoy  some  of  the  Caribbean's 
least  visited  and  most  enchanting  islands.  The  all 
inclusive  price  includes  all  shore  excursions,  gratui- 
ties, and  airfare. 


To  receive  detailed  brochures,  fill  out  the  coupon  and  return  to  Barbara  DeLapp  Booth 
'54,  Duke  Travel,  614  Chapel  Drive,  Durham,  N.C.  27706,  (919)  684-5114 

□  SCANDLNAVIA/RUSSIA      □   COTES  du  RHONE  □   ALASKA 

□  ROGUE  RIVER  □   CANADIAN  ROCKIES     □   CHINA 

□  SPAIN  □   GREEK  ISLES  □   THE  AMAZON 


Nimc 

Class 

Address 

City 

State 

Zip 

COLLECTING  THE  CONTEMPORARY 


LIBRARIES:  AN  ELECTRONIC  REVOLUTION 


HISTORY'S  INVISIBLE  HEROES 


Like  the  champions  it  honors, 
this  sportswear  collection  sets 
the  standard  to  which  all 
others  will  be  compared. 
Fifty-thousand  stitches  create 
the  embroidered  logo  in  our 
unique  national  championship 
design.  This  collectors'  edition 
is  made  of  high-quality 
cotton  fabrics,  with 
double  seams  and 
top-stitching. 


> 


f 


V 


1 


f 


Celebrate  the  Blue  Devils' 
repeat  national  championship 
by  calling  1-800-683-1609  to 
order.  With  orders  of  $100  or 
more,  placed  before  August  30 
you'll  receive  an  embroidered 
cap  as  our  gift. 

From  the  top:  [A]  White  combed  ci 
interlock  polo  shirt,  $38;  [B]  super 
heavyweight  cotton  solid  ash  T-shirt, 
$28;  [C]  cap,  $15;  [D]  heavyweight" 
cotton  ash  T-shirt  with  navy  roll  sleeves,'?, 
$28;  [E]  heavyweight  combed  cotton 
sweatshirt,  white  or  ash,  $55; 

[F]  heavyweight  ash  sweatshirt  with; 
contrasting  navy  trim,  $58;  andf 

[G]  cotton  jersey  shorts  with  pocket,  birch 
(shown)  or  white  $24;  plus  shipping  and 
handling.  Sizes  small  to  XX-large.  Made 
in  the  U.S.A.  Visa,  Mastercard.  Your 
satisfaction  guaranteed. 

1-800-683-1609 


The  Recognition  Group 
17371  NE  67th  CT.  Suite  B6 
Redmond,  WA  98052 


/ 


Nothing  succeeds  like  success. 


EDITOR: 

Robert  ].  Bitwise  A.M.  '88 
ASSOCIATE  EDITOR: 
Sam  Hull 

FEATURES  EDITOR: 
Bridget  Booher  '82,  A.M.  '92 
SCIENCE  EDITOR: 
Dennis  Meredith 
EDITORIAL  ASSISTANT: 
Stephen  Nathans 
DESIGN  CONSULTANT: 
West  Side  Studio,  Inc. 
PUBLISHER:  M.  Laney 
Funderhurk  Jr.  '60 

OFFICERS,  DUKE  ALUMNI 
ASSOCIATION: 
Edward  M.  Hanson  Jr.  73, 
RM.  77,  J.D.  '77,  president; 

Stanley  G.  Brading  Jr.  '72, 
president-elect;  M.  Laney 
Funderhurk  Jr.  '60,  secretary- 

PRES1DENTS,  SCHOOL 
AND  COLLEGE  ALUMNI 
ASSOCIATIONS: 
MargarerTurbyfill  M.Div.  '76, 
Divmirv  School;  Harold  L.  Yoh 
III  B.SM.E.  '83,  School  of  Engi- 
neering, Robert  R.  Lane  M.B.A. 
'81,  Puqua  School  of  Business; 
Richard  G.  Heint:elman,  M.F. 
'69,  School  of  the  Environment; 
Sue  Gourly  Brody  M.H.A.  '82, 
Department  of  Health  Adminis- 
tration; Dara  L.  DeHaven  J.D. 
'80,  School  o/ Late;  Robert  K. 
YowellM.D. '67.  School  o/ 
Medicine;  Jo  Ann  Baughan 
Dalton,  B.S.N.  '57,  M.S.N.  '60, 
School  of  Nursing,  Marie  Koval 
Nardone  M.S.  '79,  A.H.C.  '79, 
Graduate  Program  in  Physical 
Therapy;  Lovest  T.  Alexander 
Jr.  B.S.H.  '78,  Physicians'  Assis- 
tant Program;  Julian  C  Lent:  Jt . 
'38,  M.D.  '42,  HalfCemurv 
Club. 

EDITORIAL  ADVISORY 
BOARD:  Clay  Felker '51, 
chairman;  Frederick  F.  Andrews 
'60;  Debra  Blum  '87;  Sarah 
Hardesty  Bray  '72;  Holly  B. 
Brubach  '75;  Nancy  L.  Cardwell 
'69;  Dana  L.  Fields '78;  Jerrold 
K.  Footlick;  Edwatd  M.  Gome- 
'79;  Elizabeth  H.  Locke  '64, 
Ph.D.  '72;  Thomas  P.  Losce  Jr. 
'63;  Peter  Maas  '49;  Hugh  S. 
Sidcy;  Richatd  Austin  Smith 
'35;  Susan  Tim- '73;  Robert  J. 
Bliwise  A.M.  '88.  secretary. 

Composition  by  Liberated 
Types,  Ltd.;  printing  by  PBM 
Graphics  Inc.;  printed  on  War- 
ren Recovery  Matte  White  and 
Cross  Pointe  Sycamore  Offset 
Tan 

©1992  Duke  University 
Published  bimonthly  by  the 
Office  of  Alumni  Affairs;  vol- 
untary subscriptions  $20  per 
year:  Duke  Magazine,  Alumni 
House,  614  Chapel  Drive. 
Durham.  N.C  27706; 
(919)6*4-5114. 


JULY-AUGUST 
1992 


VOLUME  78 
NUMBER  5 


Cover:  One  of  Pnkc's  eiejn  ave- 
aye,  the  world's  largest  captive 
population  ol  these  endangered 
prosimians,  who  are  protected, 
bred,  and  studied  at  the  Duke 
Primate  Center.  Photo  by  Jim 
Wallace 


FEATURES 


THE  ART  OF  COLLECTING  ART  (Vy  Bridget  Booher  2 

In  rarefied  art  circles,  Jason  Rubell  can  hold  his  own — but  after  all,  the  twenty-three-year-old 
collector  and  art  dealer  has  been  at  it  since  fourteen 

FILLING  IN  HISTORY'S  GAPS  by  Laura  Herbst  8 

Conventional  approaches  that  emphasize  wars,  dates,  names,  and  the  activities  of  upper-class 
white  men  have  skewed  our  understanding  of  history 

CELEBRATING  ORDINARY  PEOPLE  by  Deborah  M.Norman  12 

Voluntary  associations  "provided  an  alternative  career  ladder,  one  that  was  open  to  women 
when  few  others  were,"  says  social  historian  Anne  Firor  Scott 

FROM  HARDBACKS  TO  HARDWARE  by  Stephen  Nathans  14 

Perkins'  four-millionth  volume  isn't  a  book  at  all;  as  we  move  from  a  paper-centered  universe  to 
electronic  text  retrieval,  the  role  and  concept  of  libraries  is  changing 

PROTECTING  PROSIMIANS  by  Dennis  Meredith  45 

The  Duke  Primate  Center's  living  collection  of  lemurs,  lorises,  bushbabies,  and  tarsiers 
represents  some  of  the  most  fascinating  puzzles  in  nature 

MODERN  MUSIC  MAN  by  Katie  Mosher  49 

In  his  work,  award-winning  music  composer  Stephen  Jaffe  avoids  tried  and  true  sounds  and 
techniques 

DEPARTMENTS 


RETROSPECTIVES 

A  centennial  celebrated:  Trinity  moves  to  Durham 


32 


FORUM 

Enrollment  objectives,  design  drawbacks,  athletic  innuendo 


34 


GAZETTE  37 

A  transforming  message  for  graduation,  a  Spanish  accent  for  the  dance  festival,  a  boost  for  the 
budget 


BOOKS 

Righteous  Carnage:  an  eighteen-year  mystery  of  a  missing  murderer 


52 


DUKE  PERSPECTIVES 


THEAPTOF 

COLLECTING 

APT 


BY  BRIDGET  BOOHER 


JASON  RUBELL: 


LAUNCHING  AN  AESTHETIC  ENTERPRISE 


In  rarefied  art  circles,  he  can  hold  his  own.  After  all, 

the  twenty-three  year-old  collector  and  art  dealer  has 

been  at  it  since  fourteen. 


On  Worth  Avenue  in  Palm 
Beach,  moneyed  couples  stroll 
slowly  past  tony  shops,  pausing 
at  Hermes  to  ooh  and  aah  at 
leather  goods  or  at  Chanel  to  appraise  the 
season's  latest  fashions.  Since  the  1920s, 
this  abbreviated,  one-way  street  has  repre- 
sented sophisticated  elegance  and  no 
small  measure  of  extravagant  excess.  In 
the  midst  of  this  Old  World  elite,  Jason 
Rubell  '91  decided  to  set  up  shop. 

Rubell's  "product"  is  contemporary  art, 
and  his  eponymous  gallery  in  the  heart 
of  Worth  Avenue  adds  a  fresh,  vibrant 
tone  to  the  usual  staid,  and  sometimes 
stuffy,  atmosphere. 
Formerly  a  linen 
shop,  the  Jason 
Rubell  Gallery  was 
created  with  the 
help  of  architect 
Richard  Gluckman, 
whose  previous 
work  includes  the 
Andy  Warhol  Mu- 
seum in  Pittsburgh. 
Octagonal  red  Mex- 


ican tiles  were  ripped  up,  ceilings  were 
knocked  out  to  reveal  an  airy,  thirteen- 
foot  expanse,  and  the  floors  were  redone 
using  shadowed  cement.  The  resulting 
space  is  spare  and  clean,  an  optimal  back- 
drop for  the  individual  artist  exhibits  that 
change  monthly. 

And  what  do  his  Worth  Avenue  neigh- 
bors think  about  the  new  kid  on  the  block? 
"They're  coming  around,"  Rubell  says,  smil- 
ing. "A  lot  of  them  wanted  to  know  when 
I  was  getting  my  carpeting." 

Blond  and  rangy,  Rubell  projects  an  easy 
self-confidence  and  unpretentious  approach 
that  makes  him  seem  much  older  than  his 
twenty-three  years. 
He's  so  matter-of- 
fact  about  his  career 
that  you  almost  for- 
get this  New  York 
native  exhibits,  and 
occasionally  repre- 
sents, artists  whose 
works  command 
tens  and  sometimes 
hundreds  of  thou- 
sands of  dollars. 


Rubell:  Portrait  of  the 
as  a  young  man 


w 


I 


1 


One  sunny  December  morning  at 
the  height  of  the  Palm  Beach  "sea- 
son," Rubell  fields  calls  from  a  sales  rep 
who  wants  him  to  purchase  ad  space 
and  from  a  buddy  who  tries  to  entice 
him  outside  for  a  late-afternoon  set  of 
tennis.  Without  pause,  Rubell 
smoothly  declines  both  queries,  then 
quickly  turns  his  attention  to  a  family 
that  has  wandered  in  the  gallery's 
gleaming  glass  doors.  As  it  happens, 
they  are  related  to  Ross  Bleckner, 
the  New  York  City  artist  whose 
atmospheric  paintings  are  on  dis- 
play in  the  gallery.  The  husband  and 
wife  seem  a  bit  perplexed  by  the  can- 
vases, which  consist  of  luminous, 
vague  shapes  and  somber  colors.  Rubell 
leads  them  through  the  gallery,  inter- 
preting the  show  with  unstudied 
enthusiasm. 

It's  a  trait  that  serves  him  well  in 
rarefied  art  circles  where,  as  in  academe 
or  fine  wine  shops,  the  lingo  can  drift 
toward  pomposity  and  exclusion.  While 
Rubell  can  certainly  hold  his  own 
around  artists,  collectors,  and  other  gal- 
lery owners,  he  doesn't  fall  prey  to 
"art-ese,"  the  highbrow  language  that 
leaves  non-aesthetes  scratching  their 
heads  and,  ultimately,  abandoning  the 
idea  that  art  can  have  meaning  in 
their  lives. 

But  that's  precisely  the  message 
that  Rubell  wants  to  deliver.  At  an 
early  age,  Rubell  watched  his  gyne- 
cologist father  and  real-estate-execu- 
tive mother  fall  in  love  with  works  by 
emerging  artists.  Intrigued  by  their 


From  Riibell's  collection:  Jeivry  Holder's  "Truism 

Foot  Stool,"  right;  Detail  from  Keith  Harings 

"Story  of]ason,"  above;  Ron  M.  Fischer's 

"Untitled  (Three  Prong  Lamp) , "  opposite 


passion  and  excite- 
ment, the  young 
Rubell  accompa- 
nied them  on 
their  weekly  gal- 
lery treks  in 
search  of  new  tal- 
ent. At  the  age  of 
fourteen,  Rubell 
decided  it  was  time 
he  began  his  own 
collection. 

While  Rubell 
understood  the  in- 
tellectual reasons 
for  certain  art 
works'  estimable 
value,  his  first  pur- 
chase stemmed 
from  pure  emo- 
tion. At  the  now- 
defunct  Pat  Hearn  Gallery  in  New 
York  City,  Rubell  glimpsed  a  painting 
by  George  Condo,  who  had  just  that 
year  begun  to  be  shown  in  galleries. 
Titled  "Immigrants,"  the  oil  painting 
features  a  minotaur  and  a  faceless 
human  figure.  Its  surreal  quality  in- 
stantly appealed  to  Rubell,  but  his 
admiration  was  quickly  eclipsed  by  the 
harsh  reality  of  economics:  The  paint- 
ing's price  tag  was  $1,600. 

With  money  saved  from  stringing 
tennis  rackets,  Rubell  made  a  down 
payment  and  paid  off  the  balance  in 
fifty-dollar  installments.  Before  long, 
Rubell  was  channeling  allowance, 
birthday,  and  bar  mitzvah  money  into 
his  burgeoning  collection.  He  dis- 
played remarkable  flair  for  acquiring 
works  by  rising  stars  while  they  were 
still  affordable,  including  pieces  by 
Jenny  Holzer,  Jeff  Koons,  Mike  and 
Doug  Starn,  Keith  Haring,  and  Cindy 
Sherman. 


By  his  own  admission,  Rubell  says 
his  acquisitive  bent  soon  became  all- 
consuming.  "I  sort  of  got  obsessive.  It 
got  to  the  point  where  I  was  buying 
things  I  didn't  have  money  for,  and 
was  struggling  to  pay  for  them.  It 
really  became  like  an  addiction." 

Despite  the  teenage  Rubell's  then- 
expeditious  procurement  pace,  he  now 
considers  undue  caution  his  only  mis- 
step. "As  a  collector,  you  never  make 
mistakes  in  things  you  buy,"  he  says. 
"What  happens  is  you  live  with  the 
work  for  a  while  and  if  it  gets  stale  you 
can  sell  or  trade  it  for  something  else. 
I  always  regret  the  things  I  don't  buy." 

Art  wasn't  all  there  was  in  Rubell's 
adolescent  life.  He  was  also  an  accom- 
plished tennis  player,  and  when  the 
time  came  to  apply  to  college,  Duke 
offered  the  perfect  mix  of  elements: 
plenty  of  mild  weather  for  year-round 
competition  on  the  courts;  strong  aca- 
demic programs,  including  a  growing 
art  and  art  history  department;  and  the 
opportunity  to  escape  from  New  York 
while  remaining  on  the  East  Coast. 
Rubell's  instincts,  as  usual,  were  right 
on  target.  Joining  the  men's  varsity 
tennis  team  his  freshman  year,  Rubell 
worked  his  way  up  to  team  captain 
and  was  the  team's  top  singles  player 
his  senior  year.  At  season's  end,  he 
was  named  ACC  player  of  the  year. 

As  voracious  in  class  as  he  was  on 
the  court,  Rubell  signed  up  for  the 
maximum  number  of  art  history 
courses  he  could,  particularly  those 
pertaining  to  twentieth-century  art. 
He  forged  a  close  relationship  with 
assistant  professor  and  artist  Kristine 
Stiles,  whose  focus  is  contemporary 
art.  Both  in  and  outside  the  class- 
room, Stiles  provided  Rubell  with 
encouragement    and,    in    his    junior 


year,  worked  with  him  on  an  indepen- 
dent study  project  on  graffiti  artist 
Keith  Haring. 

Because  Ruhell  knew  Haring,  Stiles 
proposed  that  he  interview  the  artist, 
particularly  since  Ruhell's  focus  of  in- 
quiry, Haring's  designs  for  children's 
playgrounds,  had  never  been  written 
about.  Haring  and  Rubell  talked  at 
length,  neiths 


one  knowing  it 
would  be  Haring's 
last  interview  be- 
fore his  death  from 
AIDS  at  the  age 
of  thirty-one. 
Stiles  felt  it  was 
important  enough 
to  call  ARTS 
Magazine  editor 
Barry  Schwabsky, 
who  published  the 
interview. 

Bolstered  by  the 
recognition, 
Rubell,  with  Stiles'  guidance,  ap- 
proached Duke  Museum  of  Art  direc- 
tor Michael  Mezzatesta  about  mount- 
ing an  exhibition  of  his  own  art 
collection.  Mezzatesta  wholehearted- 
ly agreed,  and  the  show  was  planned 
for  the  following  spring,  during 
Ruhell's  final  semester. 

But  there  was  a  major  snag  along 
the  way.  In  composing  the  exhibit's 
catalogue,  Rubell  had  solicited  artists' 
comments  about  their  work  and  the 
artist-collector  relationship.  He  had 
also  researched  and  written  individual 
biographies  of  every  artist  represented 
in  the  show.  And  finally,  he  had  writ- 
ten the  introductory  essay,  which  was 
due  before  the  end  of  the  fall  semester 
to  meet  printing  deadlines. 

Rubell  submitted  the  essay  to  Stiles, 
who  admits  to  being  "very  stringent 
with  my  editorial  remarks."  At  that 
point,  Rubell  had  already  put  in  three 
months  of  work  on  the  piece,  but 
Stiles  declared  it  "unpublishable."  Furi- 
ous, Rubell  insisted  that  she  was  too 
close  to  the  subject  and  asked  for 
museum  director  Mezzatesta's  opinion. 
He  concurred  with  Stiles'  assessment. 

Stiles  says  she  will  never  forget  what 
happened  next.  "It  was  the  week 
before  Christmas  break,  and  we  were 
hardly  speaking  at  that  point.  He  came 
to  my  office  and  said  he  was  going  to 
stay  at  Duke  until  he  had  re-written 
the  essay.  And  I  said,  okay,  I'll  support 
you  through  this.  But  that  doesn't 
necessarily  mean  I'm  going  to  like  the 
re-write. 

"Three  weeks  later,  he  brought  the 
text.  1  hardly  put  three  pencil  marks 


By  his  own 

admission,  Rubell 

says  acquiring  art 

soon  became 

all-consuming, 

"like  an  addiction.' 


on  it;  it  was  so  fine.  That  proved  to 
me  that  here  is  a  person  who's  strong 
enough  and  humble  enough  to  take 
the  most  severe  criticism,  acknowl- 
edge it,  and  not  give  up.  He  won  my 
unqualified  respect  and  allegiance." 

She,  in  turn,  earned  Ruhell's  un- 
equivocal admiration,  and  in  the  cat- 
alogue's acknowledgements,  he  wrote: 
"Through  her  lec- 
tures and  our  end- 
less discussions,  she 
has  had  a  profound 
impact  on  me  as 
both  a  student  and 
a  person.  Leaving 
Duke,  I  am  fearful 
that  never  again 
will  I  know  such 
a  teacher  and  a 
friend." 

In  planning  the 
exhibit,  Stiles,  Ru- 
bell, and  Mezzates- 
ta all  agreed  that  it 
should  have  a  strong  educational  com- 
ponent, namely,  that  people  attending, 
particularly  students  and  young  adults, 
see  that  art  can  be  accessible.  Direc- 
tor Mezzatesta  says  Rubell  succeeded 
"in  showing  people  that  you  can  col- 
lect art.  It's  not  as  mysterious  as  many 
people  think  it  is.  His  collection  is 
proof  that  if  you  have  the  commit- 
ment, you  don't  have  to  have  a  huge 
amount  of  money.  Art  can  become 
part  of  your  life." 

Mezzatesta  recalls  being  especially 
impressed  with  the  sheer  delight  Rubell 
derives  from  the  visual.  "Art  is  a  fun- 
damental part  of  Jason's  life.  He  has 
an  all-consuming  sense  of  commitment 
to  art,  not  just  in  monetary  terms  but 
in  spiritual,  intellectual,  and  aesthetic 
terms.  He's  a  great  example  of  how 
art  can  make  one's  life  richer.  Jason 
finds  so  much  that  is  joyous  about  it; 
he's  constantly  exploring,  seeking  new 
ways  of  looking  at  the  world." 

Featuring  some  seventy-five  paint- 
ings, drawings,  photographs,  and  sculp- 
tures, "A  Student  Collects:  Contem- 
porary Art  From  the  Collection  of 
Jason  Rubell"  became  something  of  a 
learning  experience  for  Rubell  as 
well.  "I'd  never  really  thought  of  what 
I  owned  as  a  collection  until  the 
museum  show,"  he  says.  "Until  then, 
I  thought  of  it  as  a  lot  of  separate  ele- 
ments. Also,  having  it  in  a  museum 
lends  it  an  air  of  legitimacy:  'If  it's  in 
a  museum  it  must  be  good.'  "  ("A  Stu- 
dent Collects"  continues  to  teach:  It's 
now  "touring"  around  the  country  at 
various  colleges  and  universities.) 
The  fact  that  Rubell's  early  pur- 


chases continue  to  appreciate  in  value 
also  contributed  to  his  confidence  as 
a  collector.  "When  the  value  of  a 
piece  goes  up,  it  reaffirms  your  ability 
both  to  look  at  art  and  to  go  out  and 
find  other  young  artists.  Because  if 
you  concentrate  on  new  works  and 
no  one  else  pays  any  attention  to 
them,  you  lose  a  little  bit  of  faith." 

In  the  show's  catalogue,  Rubell  dedi- 
cates the  exhibit  to  the  memory  of 
his  uncle,  Steve  Rubell,  "who  taught 
me  never  to  compromise  the  things 
that  you  love."  As  co-owner  of  Studio 
54,  New  York's  famed  celebrity  haunt 
during  the  late  Seventies  and  early 
Eighties,  Steve  Rubell  helped  orches- 
trate that  era's  glittering  social  scene, 
which  merged  popular  culture  and 
high  society.  At  the  same  time,  fel- 
low "star"  personality  Andy  Warhol 
continued  to  blur  the  line  between 
fine  art  and  mass  appeal. 

"My  uncle  always  got  the  best  out 
of  people,"  Rubell  says  of  his  father's 


brother,  who  died  in  1989  at  the  age 
of  forty-five.  "Regardless  of  the  partic- 
ular project,  he  put  people  and  con- 
cepts together  in  fantastic,  exciting 
ways.  He  had  the  ability  to  transform 
ideas  into  something  magical." 

As  his  college  days  came  to  a  close, 
Rubell  contemplated  his  post-gradua- 
tion possibilities.  Should  he  join  the 
international  tennis  circuit  or  open 
an  art  gallery?  Both  ventures  had  their 
advantages  and  drawbacks,  but  Rubell 
ultimately  opted  to  launch  his  own 
gallery.  He  settled  on  Palm  Beach,  he 
says,  because  unlike  New  York,  there 
weren't  any  other  dealers  focusing  on 
young,  international  artists. 


If  the  idea  of  a  fresh-out-of-college 
young  man  opening  an  ambitious  gal- 
lery seems  chancy,  Rubell  makes  it 
sound  almost  effortless.  Didn't  he 
have  any  misgivings?  Rubell  smiles  his 
easy,  winning  smile  and  says  yes,  he  was 
a  bit  anxious,  but  his  style  is  not  to 
hold  back.  "I'd  thought  about  going 
to  work  for  a  large  dealer  or  gallery, 
but  I  decided  to  jump  right  in  myself. 
I  figured  whatever  I  needed  to  know  I 
would  learn  on  my  own.  What's  the 
worst  thing  that  could  happen?" 

Professor  Stiles  says  Rubell's  age  was 
never  an  issue,  because  his  solid  ground- 
ing in  the  practical  and  intellectual 


aspects  of  the  art  world  more  than 
qualified  him  to  join  that  community. 
When  he  shared  his  plans  with  her, 
Stiles'  only  advice  centered  on  the  pit- 
falls of  falling  prey  to  current,  often 
short-lived  trends. 

"My  perspective  as  an  artist  and  art 
historian  has  always  been  from  the 
margins,"  says  Stiles.  "I've  always  been 
interested  in  experimental  art  and  art 
that  resists  the  system,  particularly 
the  New  York  market.  But  that's  the 
market  Jason  was  brought  up  in,  so  I 
cautioned  him  to  be  critical  of  artists 
promoted  by  the  glossy  art  periodicals 
and  trendy  art  critics,  because  those 
people  often  don't  last." 

Rubell's  urban  edge  and  gracious 
demeanor  plays  well  in  Palm  Beach, 
where  the  locals  are  suspicious  of 
newcomers  but  hungry  for  fresh  diver- 
tissement. His  opening  show  drew 
more  than  three  hundred  people,  and 
prompted  glowing  write-ups  in  The 
Palm  Beach  Daily  News,  the  society 
newspaper  known  as  "The  Shiny 
Sheet"  because  its  expensive,  pol- 
ished paper  stock  ensures  that  messy 


]ason's  hang-ups:  Marilyn  Minter's  "Chores," 

right;  Mike  and  Doug  Starn's  "Christ 

with  Rose,"  above  left ;  Peter  Halley's 

"Cell  with  Conduit,"  top 


newsprint  won't  come  off  on  readers' 
hands.  Rubell  was  also  spotted  in 
Vogue  magazine's  "People  Are  Talking 
About"  section. 

Earlier  this  year,  Rubell  added  an- 
other element  to  his  collector/  gallery 
owner  label.  After  presenting  an 
exhibit  by  New  York  painter  Suzanne 
McClelland  in  January,  Rubell  agreed 
to  represent  her,  marking  the  arrange- 
ment with  a  spring  show  of  her  work  in 
New  York  City.  Through  family  friends, 
Rubell  was  able  to  use  a  historic  five- 
story  townhouse  on  Park  Avenue  at 
Sixty-fourth  Street  for  the  week-long 
show.  Nearly  all  of  McClelland's 
works  were  sold  by  the  time  it  closed. 

McClelland,  whose  work  has  gar- 
nered auspicious  notice  in  ARTS 
Magazine,  ARTFORUM,  and  The  New 
York  Times,  has  sparked  Rubell's  inter- 
est in  learning  more  about  the  artist- 
agent  partnership.  "You  develop  an 
intimate  relationship  with  the  artist 
because  you're  doing  everything:  trying 
to  build  their  career,  putting  shows 


together,  getting  the  shows  reviewed. 
It's  more  of  a  challenge  than  just  hav- 
ing an  exhibit  of  their  work.  When 
you  only  have  a  show,  you're  just  one 
part  of  a  puzzle." 

For  all  his  ease  in  talking  about  art's 
aesthetic  or  mystical  appeal,  Rubell 
seems  least  comfortable  discussing  it  in 
purely  monetary  terms.  As  a  dealer, 
Rubell  concedes  that  he  makes  the 
customary  50  percent  commission  on 
works  he  sells,  except  when  he's  col- 
laborating with  another  gallery  or  a 
private  collector,  in  which  case  he'd 
earn  as  little  as  10  percent. 

When  pressed  to  disclose  the  value 
of  his  own  personal  collection,  Rubell 
puts  a  characteristically  modest  spin  on 
his  reply.  "The  only  way  I  can  answer 
that  is  to  say  my  collection  has  done 
extremely  well  for  what  it  is,"  he  says. 
"I  bought  the  pieces  when  the  artists 
were  at  a  young  stage  in  their  careers, 
and  as  more  and  more  people  discov- 
ered them,  my  own  works  appreciated 
in  value.  But  I  don't  plan  to  sell  any 
of  them." 

Still,  Rubell  is  savvy  enough  to 
know  how  important  economic  fac- 
tors are,  particularly  for  certain  col- 
lectors who  see  art  primarily  as  an 
investment.  "To  ignore  the  fact  that 
works  of  art  are,  in  a  sense,  commodi- 
ties, is  ridiculous.  But  I've  always  felt 
that  emotion  is  essential  [when  con- 
sidering buying].  Your  love  of  an  ob- 
ject should  come  from  a  gut  reaction, 
but  at  a  certain  point  you  have  to 
deal  with  the  intellectual  side.  I  don't 
think  you  can  have  one  without  the 
other."  ■ 


EACH  YEAR:  ONE  CHAMPION 
EACH  YEAR:  ONE  TRUCK 


Photo  Shown  Approximately  Act 


Each  year,  of  all  the  college  teams  in  the  country,  only  one  will  reach  the  goal  that  all  of  them  had  set  the  year 
efore.  Each  year,  Chesapeake  Bay  Custom  Toys  commemorates  that  significant  accomplishment  with  our  die-cast, 
limited-edition  Model  "T".  This  year  we  salute  Duke  University. 

Each  year  we  select  the  finest  manufacturer  for  our  toys.  This  year,  Ertl  Toys  (of  John  Deere  farm  toy  fame)  ' 
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Each  year,  we  produce  only  as  many  toys  as  are  ordered  by  our  cut-off  date.  This  year  that  date  is  August  15, 
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Each  year,  we  guarantee  your  satisfaction.  Very  simply,  if  you  are  not  satisfied  for  any  reason,  at  any  time,  you 
will  receive  a  full  refund.  That's  not  a  promise,  that's  our  commitment. 


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'A 

BY  LAURA  HERBST 

'  \m~: 

^ 

VOICES  FROM  THE  PAST: 

EMPHASIZING  THE  PERSONAL 


Conventional  approaches  that  have  stressed 
wars,  dates,  names,  and  the  activities  of  upper- 
class  white  men  have  skewed  our  under- 
standing  of  history,  often  ignoring  women 
and  making  heroes  of  people  who  shot  Indians. 


You'd  think  history  was  up  for 
grabs.  After  building  a  monu- 
ment and  a  legend  around  Gen- 
eral George  Custer,  the  nation's 
politicians  now  think  twice  about  calling 
him  a  hero.  Custer  may  have  looked  terrif- 
ic on  a  horse,  but  there  was  the  matter  of 
shooting  all  those  Indians.  Proposed  solu- 
tion? Change  the  name  of  the  Custer  Bat- 
tlefield National  Monument  to  the  Little 
Bighorn  Battlefield  National  Monument. 

And  maybe  Christopher  Columbus  did  a 
little  too  much  sailing.  After  all,  his  explo- 
rations brought  smallpox  to  the  New 
World  and  syphilis  to  the  Old — a  theme 
explored  in  a  television  documentary.  How 
to  handle  that  awkward  reality?  The  Na- 
tional Endowment  for  the  Humanities  re- 
jected the  documentary.  NEH  Chair  Lynne 
V.  Cheney  says  the  show,  intended  to  cele- 
brate this  year's  500th  anniversary  of 
Columbus'  landing,  unfairly  accuses  Amer- 
ica's discoverer  of  committing  genocide. 

At  times  the  debate  over  America's 
heroes  leaves  the  impression  that  history 
depends  on  one's  political  orientation.  For 
Native  Americans,  it's  important  to  acknowl- 
edge the  hundreds  of  their  ancestors  who 
died  from  European  diseases  and  conquer- 
ing zeal.  For  conservative  thinkers,  it's  just 
as  important  to  keep  America's  heroes, 
and  what  they  see  as  the  Western  values 


"There  is  a  pantheon  of 

saints  students  come 

with  and  expect  you 

to  teach  them.  But  do 

we  want  to  go  back  to 

the  stations  of  the  cross  as 

they  were  handed  to 

us  in  the  fifth  grade?" 


PETER  WOOD 
Professor  of  History 


they  represent,  clear  of  mud-slinging. 

But  for  social  historians  at  Duke,  this 
debate  is  a  necessary  one.  Their  research  is 
an  important  factor  in  stirring  up  debate  in 
the  first  place,  because  they  have  told  us 
more  about  the  past  than  traditionally  has 
been  told — and  more  perhaps  than  some 
people  want  to  know. 

"We're  getting  into  what  people  sus- 
pected but  didn't  want  to  face,"  says  Peter 


Wood,  a  specialist  in  colonial  history.  "The 
question  is,  does  greater  personal  and  social 
health  come  from  a  greater  understanding 
of  the  past?" 

Mainstream  history  traditionally  re- 
counted the  past  by  focusing  on  the  few 
"great  men"  like  Columbus  or  Custer  who 
supposedly  made  America  happen.  But 
since  the  1960s,  social  history,  which  stud- 
ies the  lives  of  ordinary  people,  has  been 
growing  in  influence  and  today  dominates 
most  major  history  departments,  as  it  does 
Duke's.  It  has  helped  change  the  way 
America  views  itself. 

"Most  of  what  goes  on  in  the  world  has 
nothing  to  do  with  Washington  or  what's 
going  on  in  Congress  or  any  of  that  stuff," 
says  Anne  Firor  Scott,  a  pioneer  in 
women's  history  and  W.K.  Boyd  Professor 
of  History  Emerita.  "The  civil  rights  move- 
ment in  America  is  a  good  example:  It  was 
all  happening  in  the  stteets  and  it  was 
mostly  people  nobody  had  heard  of." 

For  historians  like  Scott,  the  conven- 
tional practice  of  history,  one  that  stresses 
wars,  dates,  names,  and  the  activities  of 
upper-class  white  men,  has  left  skewed 
ideas  of  what  happened  in  our  past.  It  even 
meant  making  heroes  out  of  people  who 
shot  Indians  or  discounted  women  because 
white,  male  historians  did  not  study  those 
groups.  "The  male  historians  do  not  write 


as  if  women  didn't  exist  on  purpose,"  Scott 
says.  "They  just  think  that  way  and  every 
time  they  write  a  book,  they  reinforce  it; 
they  reinforce  the  notion  that  Southerner 
is  a  male  noun." 

Sometimes  heroes  were  recognized  as 
such  because  they  appealed  to  the  idea  of 
America's  great  march  forward.  "The  his- 
tory of  empire-building  which  has  been 
the  history  of  the  U.S.  often  demands  a 
control  of  the  past,"  Wood  says.  As  he 
peels  away  myths  in  his  history  classes, 
Wood  often  finds  himself  cast  as  a  bearer 
of  bad  news.  "There  is  a  pantheon  of  saints 
students  come  with  and  expect  you  to  teach 
them.  But  do  we  want  to  go  back  to  the 
stations  of  the  cross  as  they  were  handed 
to  us  in  the  fifth  grade?  The  question 
should  not  be  how  do  you  feel  about  the 
man  Columbus,  but  how  do  you  feel  about 
colonization?" 

To  understand  what  happened  at  a  grass- 
roots level,  social  historians  must  go  beyond 
the  government  record.  That  means  pain- 
staking study  of  diaries  and  letters  by  people 
who  were  not  famous.  It  may  mean  inter- 
views of  descendants  about  relatives  who 
didn't  read  or  write.  Social  history  plumbs 
information  that  is  new  and  perhaps  differ- 
ent from  what  traditionally  has  filled  the 
textbooks. 

After  reading  Scott's  The  Southern  Lady, 
most  would  find  it  difficult  to  remember  a 
single  name  from  the  scores  of  women  who 
people  the  book.  But  the  reader  will  never 
forget  what  life  in  the  nineteenth  century 
was  like  for  ordinary  Southern  women  as 
told  in  their  letters  and  diaries — and  it  was 
no  Gone  With  the  Wind  plantation  ideal. 
For  many  women,  life  on  the  plantation 
was  one  of  bearing  children — dead  or 
alive — every  eighteen  months.  It  was  one 
of  shame  when  the  husband-master  visited 
the  slave  quarters  for  sex  at  his  will.  It  was 
one  of  intense  isolation,  as  neighbors  lived 
far  away  and  days  were  filled  with  house- 
hold chores.  "I  haven't  been  out  of  the 
house  since  the  fall,"  wrote  one  plantation 
lady  Scott  studied. 

Textbooks  on  colonial  American  history 
have  tended  to  stress  the  English  and 
white  nature  of  the  colonists.  Wood  ques- 
tions that  view  in  his  book  Black  Majority. 
He  shows  that  at  the  time  independence 
was  declared,  black  slaves  outnumbered 
white  colonists  in  South  Carolina.  "We 
are  slowly  realizing  the  nineteenth  century 
in  terms  of  cultural  diversity  was  strikingly 
African,"  Wood  says. 

It  was  important  to  William  Chafe,  chair 
of  Duke's  history  department  and  a  spe- 
cialist in  U.S.  social  history,  to  recreate 
the  feeling  of  the  common  protesters  and 
the  day-to-day  escalation  when  he  wrote 
about  the  civil  rights  movement  in 
Greensboro.  His  book,  Civilities  and  Civil 


10 


"If  you  are  concerned 

with  how  a  society  works, 

then  you  can't  ignore 

the  extent  to  which 

the  allocation  of  roles 

is  fundamental  to  the 

way  the  society  as 

a  whole  functions." 

WILLIAM  CHAFE 
Chair,  Department  of  History 


Rights,  conveys  "an  interesting  perspective 
on  how  oppressed  people  not  only  survive, 
but  triumph,"  he  says.  "All  of  which  is  a 
long  way  from  examining  the  tariff  policy 
of  President  McKinley." 

In  the  book,  Chafe  gives  an  account  of 
what  the  parents  of  protesters  at  North 
Carolina  A&T  University  and  at  other 
schools  endured.  He  writes  of  May  21,  1969, 
nine  years  after  the  Greensboro  sit-in:  "As 
one  parent  told  a  reporter,  'The  gas  was  so 
awful... this  woman  tried  to  get  across  the 
street  to  get  her  children  from  the  school, 
and  the  gas  was  so  bad  that  she  fainted.'  " 
Later  that  night,  Scott  Hall,  an  A&T  dor- 
mitory, was  seized:  "While  most  students 
still  slept,  the  National  Guard  operation 

began  shortly   after  sunrise Although 

Governor  Scott  declared  that  the  National 
Guard  displayed  'remarkable  restraint,' 
news  reporters  noted  that  almost  every 
door  in  Scott  Hall  had  been  shot  through 
from  the  outside.  Guardsmen,  out  of  fear 
or  anger,  shot  the  locks  off  more  than 
eighty  doors  before  rushing  the  rooms." 

From  its  beginnings,  social  history  was 
linked  with  politics.  While  historians  date 
the  beginnings  of  social  history  in  the 
United  States  to  the  1920s  as  it  was  prac- 
ticed by  Arthur  Schlesinger  at  Harvard  Uni- 
versity and  in  his  thirteen-volume  series  A 
History  of  American  Life,  social  history 
surged  in  influence  in  the  1960s.  Disen- 
franchised groups  such  as  women  and  blacks 
asked  about  their  place  in  the  story  of 
America's  past — and  historians  responded. 

The  Sixties  witnessed  independence 
movements  in  developing  nations,  including 
those  of  Africa.  Interest  in  non-European 
cultures  grew  among  scholars  and  the  pub- 
lic, who  recognized  more  than  ever  that  a 
historical  world  existed  beyond  Europe.  "The 
origins  of  African  history  here  came  with  the 
hopes  of  independence,"  says  Duke's  Janet 


Ewald,  who  teaches  African  history.  "In 
1960,  everything  was  going  to  be  wonderful." 

In  1992,  things  are  not  so  wonderful. 
Nation-states  created  during  and  after  in- 
dependence have  failed.  Now  historians 
studying  Africa  are  looking  to  the  villages, 
where  Africa's  populations  are  finding  sus- 
tenance. "Social  history  made  me  realize 
how  tenuous  elite  structures  were,"  Ewald 
says.  "So  much  of  the  life  and  vitality  of 
Africa  was  not  conducted  at  the  elite  level, 
but  at  a  very  grassroots,  village  level." 

Even  in  science,  the  1960s  were  a  time 
for  changing  views.  In  the  late  Sixties,  says 
Seymour  Mauskopf,  a  historian  of  science, 
government  patronage  of  science  became 
more  limited.  Science  and  space-exploration 
budgets  no  longer  went  unquestioned.  "With 
this,  we  began  to  view  scientists  as  people 
interacting  with  a  community  to  receive 
resources  so  they  can  go  on  with  their 
work,"  Mauskopf  says.  One  thing  led  to 
another  until  today  historians  are  "socially 
constructing"  the  great  men  of  science.  In 
other  words,  historians  are  exploring  how 
the  actions  and  discoveries  of  great  scien- 
tists were  an  outcome  not  of  autonomous 
inquiry,  but  also  of  the  scientist's  cultural 
background. 

For  example,  social  constructionists  say 
that  Isaac  Newton  was  led  to  his  law  of  uni- 
versal gravitation  by  his  religious  inclina- 
tions. In  their  view,  Newton  favored  the 
idea  of  some  force  exerting  itself  at  a  dis- 
tance— like  the  sun  pulling  on  the  earth — 
because  he  was  dissatisfied  with  atheistic 
notions.  Along  that  line  of  thinking,  the 
notion  of  gravity  is  like  divine  intervention. 

In  their  classes,  the  stress  for  social  his- 
torians is  on  personalizing  what  one  learns. 
Scott  sends  her  first-year  history  students 
to  Perkins  Library's  manuscripts  collection 
on  the  first  day  of  class.  "They  see  some- 
body's handwritten  letter  in  the  manu- 
script room  and  they  suddenly  realize  that 
this  was  written  by  somebody  100  years 
ago,"  she  says.  In  his  "History  of  the  Visual 
Image"  class,  Wood  asks  students  to  do 
three  time-lines  of  the  twentieth  century — 
one  looking  at  political  events,  one  look- 
ing at  movies  being  produced,  and  the  last 
looking  at  their  own  family  histories.  Then 
the  students  make  their  own  connections 
among  the  chronologies. 

Graduate  student  Anne  Valk,  a  teaching 
assistant  in  an  African-American  history 
class,  says  the  personalizing  of  history  has 
great  appeal.  "I  find  that  the  students  get 
the  most  from  the  works  in  which  the 
authors  have  really  invested  their  own 
feelings  and  backgrounds.  They  are  much 
more  interested  in  reading  those  personal 
works  than  the  'objective'  monographs." 

In  their  teaching  and  research,  social 
historians  have  concentrated  on  the  histo- 
ries of  women,  minorities,  and  oppressed 


Chafe  on  Martin  Luther  King  Jr. :  "He  doesn't  automatically  do  the  nglu  tiling 


groups.  The  reason,  they  say,  is  in  part 
because  information  about  these  groups 
has  been  missing  for  so  long  and  historians 
want  to  fill  the  gaps.  But  critics  of  social 
historians  have  explained  this  emphasis  by 
saying  that  "multiculturalism"  is  politically 
correct  today,  and  perhaps  it  won't  be 
tomorrow. 

Just  the  term  "politically  correct"  makes 
Duke  social  historians  cringe.  They  say  it 
dismisses  the  legitimacy  of  studying  women 
or  minorities  by  implying  that  it's  just  a 
political  fad.  "Fads  are  something  that 
come  and  go  like  the  yo-yo  or  the  hula 
hoop,"  Scott  says.  "But  women  and  minori- 
ties are  not  going  away." 

And  because  the  life  experience  of 
women  is  fundamentally  different  from 
that  of  men,  or  the  experience  of  Hispanic 
migrant  workers  so  different  from  that  of 
Wall  Street  investment  bankers,  social  his- 
torians say  that  the  history  of  these  groups 
is  necessary  to  understand  just  what  hap- 
pened in  the  past.  In  fact,  the  very  essence 
of  a  society  may  lie  in  the  way  it  assigns 
treatment  to  the  people  based  on  race, 
gender,  and  class.  "If  you  are  concerned 
with  how  a  society  works,"  says  Chafe, 
"then  you  can't  ignore  the  extent  to  which 
the  allocation  of  roles  is  fundamental  to 
the  way  the  society  as  a  whole  functions." 


But  for  other  thinkers,  the  supposed 
broadening  of  views  may  usurp  the  teach- 
ing of  what  they  call  the  Western  tradi- 
tion. Professor  emeritus  I.B.  Holley  Jr.,  a 
specialist  in  American  intellectual  and 
military  history,  says  the  bottom-up  view 
of  social  history  can  be  just  as  distorting  as 
the  focus  on  political  history  may  have 
been  in  the  past.  "I  feel  very  convinced 
that  people  who  are  doing  bottom-up  his- 
tory are  adding  substantially  to  our  knowl- 
edge. My  only  concern  is  that  I  don't  want 
people  to  think  that's  the  whole  of  history. 
It's  additive,"  he  says.  "If  you  took  four  or 
five  courses  always  focusing  on  the  plight 
of  folks  operating  at  the  bottom  of  society, 
you  get  a  warped  view,  excellent  though 
the  courses  may  be." 

Holley  sees  some  evidence  that  the 
emphasis  on  social  history  may  have  be- 
come a  dangerous  preoccupation.  When 
he  retired  two  years  ago,  he  wasn't  re- 
placed with  another  American  intellectual 
historian,  who  would  necessarily  take  the 
top-down  approach.  The  danger  of  too 
much  bottom-up  history,  he  says,  is  that 
students  will  graduate  without  a  firm 
knowledge  of  Western  traditions  and  val- 
ues. "You  end  up  having  little  tidbits  of 
this  and  that  and  you  end  up  with  basically 
nothing,"  he  says.  "I  think  one  should  have 


plex  human  being" 


a  firm  grounding  in  the  Western  tradition, 
the  Judeo-Christian  tradition,  Greece  and 
Rome.  I  mean,  after  all,  most  of  us  are 
creatures  of  that  system." 

Leslie  Brown,  a  graduate  history  student 
and  a  member  of  the  department's  student- 
faculty  advisory  board,  says  the  debate  too 
often  becomes  "dichotomous  thinking." 
But  she  says  that  whatever  the  Western 
tradition  is  will  remain  a  mystery  unless 
the  histories  of  women,  minorities,  and 
working-class  people  are  explored.  "The  his- 
tory that  has  been  taught  has  been  taught 
from  one  perspective.  It  needs  to  be  put  in 
the  larger  context  of  who's  included  and 
who's  not.  I  think  that  the  real  direction 
of  history  is  that  there  are  events,  but  that 
these  events  have  an  effect  on  a  large 
range  of  people.  It's  not  possible  to  under- 
stand what  enduring  Western  values  mean 
until  you  understand  how  they  affect  all 
segments  of  the  population." 

That's  where  America's  heroes  come  in. 
Social  history  is  not  aimed  at  denigrating 
saints.  But  it  does  mean  revisiting  the 
heroes'  deeds  and  lives  to  understand  who 
they  were  as  fifteenth-century  or  twenti- 
eth-century social  beings,  and  what  hap- 
pened to  all  different  kinds  of  people  as  a 
result.  In  the  process,  they  probably  will 
not  be  exalted. 


Chafe  notes  that  however  heroic  Martin 
Luther  King  Jr.  was,  he  had  his  flaws.  The 
civil-rights  leader  committed  plagiarism  and 
had  extra-marital  affairs.  But  he  is  interest- 
ing as  a  product — and  a  shaper — of  his  cul- 
ture. "King's  genius  was  the  ability  to 
respond  to  a  movement  that  the  people  cre- 
ated... and  to  echo  back  to  them  who  they 
were  and  what  they  were  doing,"  Chafe  says. 
"He  doesn't  automatically  do  the  right  thing, 
and  he  does  a  lot  of  wrong  things  along  the 
way,  and  that  makes  him  a  much  more  inter- 
esting and  complex  human  being." 

So  Americans  will  puzzle  their  way 
through  the  quincentennial  of  Columbus, 
the  man  who  represents  the  beginning  of  a 
new  world  at  the  cost  of  another  one.  A  use- 
ful challenge  may  be  the  one  social  histori- 
an Scott  often  assigns  herself.  It's  an  exer- 
cise in  freeing  oneself  of  what  Scott  calls 
"present-mindedness,"  or  the  tendency  to 
view  the  past  with  today's  standards.  "I  don't 
think  Columbus  was  a  very  nice  person,"  she 
says.  "But  I  don't  think  it's  right  to  hold  him 
to  the  standards  of  sensitivity  that  have 
been  developed  in  the  late  twentieth  cen- 
tury with  respect  to  ethnic  differences.  He 
was  a  man  of  the  fifteenth  century  and  we 
have  to  try  to  understand  the  way  that  peo- 
ple in  the  fifteenth  century  viewed  every- 
thing in  order  to  understand  Columbus."  ■ 

Herbst,  a  Raleigh-based  free-lance  writer,  is  attending 
graduate  school  at  North  Carolina  State  University. 


CELEBRATING 
ORDINARY  PEOPLE 


By  Deborah  M.  Norman 

t  makes  a  good  bit  of  differ- 
ence when  you  happen  to  be 
born,"  says  historian  and  Duke 
professor  emerita  Anne  Firor  Scott,  who 
arrived  in  the  world  just 
nine  months  after  the 
suffrage  amendment  was 


any  of  the  usual  scorn  of  youth  for  age." 
These  early  contacts  generated  a  leitmotif 
for   Scott's   subsequent   early   work:   the 
realization  that  women,  despite  their  dis- 
enfranchised status  throughout  most  of  the 
last  200  years,  managed  to  exercise  an  in- 
fluential public  role — through  all-female 
voluntary  associations  such  as  the  League. 
"Women's  associations  have  been  pro- 
lific builders  of  vital  community  institu- 
tions," she  says  in  the  most  recent  of  her 
eight  books,  Natural  Allies: 
Women's    Associations    in 
American  History  (Univer- 


added   to   the   Constitu-    "VC^hy  do  SOIIie  DcLftS    sity  of  Illinois  Press,  1991) 


tion.  Because  of  her  his 
toric  sense  of  timing,  she 
allows,  "I  never  have  to 
count  on  my  fingers  to 
find  out  how  long 
women  have  had  the 
right  to  vote." 

The  timing  of  her  birth 
eventually  led  Scott  into 
a  life  of  feminist  scholar- 
ship that  has  helped 
change  the  face  of  U.S. 
history.  Many  of  the  "an- 
cient suffragists"  were  still  around  when 
Scott  took  a  job  with  the  National 
League  of  Women  Voters  in  1944-  She 
recalls  them  as  "women  of  such  force  and 
power  I  do  not  remember  having  for  them 


of  the  past  go 

unnoticed  while 

others  are  closely 

examined?" 

ANNE  FIROR  SCOTT 
Professor  of  History 


Natural  Allies  traces  the 
significant  effects  of 
women's  groups  on  Amer- 
ican institutions  over  the 
century  and  a  half  before 
World  War  II.  The  impli- 
cations are  so  far-reaching 
that,  one  reviewer  re- 
marked, "It  should  no 
longer  be  possible  to 
write...  American  history 
with  the  women  left  out." 
Scott  contends  that 
women's  groups  functioned  as  a  kind  of 
"early  warning  system"  in  the  industrial 
age,  recognizing  emerging  problems  before 
they  were  identified  by  the  male-dominated 
political  process.  Middle-class  women,  she 


speculates,  were  more  likely  than  men  to 
empathize  with  people  whose  lives  were  a 
struggle  against  heavy  odds  tor  two  reasons. 
These  women  were  insulated  as  men  were 
not  against  a  daily  struggle  for  economic 
gain  and  sharp  marketplace  competition; 
and  they  were  closer  to  the  daily  require- 
ments of  child-rearing  and  household 
management  that  weighed  so  heavily  on 
those  with  less  means. 

A  significant  effect  of  women's  clubs, 
Scott  has  found,  was  what  they  did  for  them- 
selves. As  they  worked  together,  women 
learned  how  to  organize,  administer,  han- 
dle money,  speak  in  public,  and  deal  with 
legislatures.  Cut  off  from  political  parties, 
the  bench,  the  bar,  the  Congress,  the  city 
council,  the  university,  and  the  pulpit, 
women  discovered  they  could  exercise  pub- 
lic power  through  voluntary  associations. 
As  nineteenth-century  observer  Eva  Perry 
Moore  put  it:  "Suddenly  they... realized 
that  they  possessed  influence;  that  as  orga- 
nizations they  could  ask  and  gain,  where  as 
women  they  received  no  attention..." 

"In  a  sense,"  Scott  says,  "[voluntary  asso- 
ciations] provided  an  alternative  career  lad- 
der, one  that  was  open  to  women  when 
few  others  were." 

Scott  picks  up  her  study  of  women's 
groups  in  the  early  1800s,  when  women's 
productive  role  in  the  home  began  to  be 
usurped  by  factories  turning  out  mass-pro- 
duced goods.  Women's  groups  at  first  sought 
to  extend  their  caretaking  role  as  wives 
and  mothers  in  the  community,  through 
benevolent  associations.  Their  concern 
quickly  grew  beyond  benevolence.  Middle- 
class  women  began  to  realize  that  poor 
women  were  more  vulnerable  than  poor 
men.  They  began  to  tackle  social  issues, 
notably  slavery  and  the  double  standard. 
From  there,  Scott  says,  women  began  to  do 
something  about  their  own  restricted  legal 
and  social  status. 

In  the  early  activities  of  the  Young 
Women's  Christian  Association  (YWCA), 
during  the  1870s  and  1880s,  Scott  traces 
the  beginnings  of  what  would  become  the 
woman's  agenda  in  the  Progressive  move- 
ment— an  agenda  with  its  roots  in  "the 
social  gospel."  Missionary  women  were 
pioneers  in  advocating  a  social  awakening, 
noting  a  gulf  between  women  of  the 
church  and  women  in  industry.  The  1918 
annual  report  of  the  Council  of  Women 
for  Home  Missions  said,  "The  Christianiz- 
ing of  America  in  no  small  way  depends 
on  getting  in  touch  with  industrial  work- 
ers." Starting  with  ameliorative  measures, 
such  as  cheap  boarding  houses,  low-cost 
restaurants,  and  job  training,  women  soon 
grew  to  support  structural  changes  in 
industrial  society,  such  as  factory  inspec- 
tion and  minimum-wage  laws. 

Scott's  sense  that  women  have  shaped 


"Why  do  we  call  them 

women's  issues'?  Men 

have  as  big  a  stake  in 

child  care,  abortion.  Let's 

make  defense  spending 

a  'women's  issue.' " 


history  in  surprising  ways  has  been  gleaned 
from  decades  of  scouring  manuscript  rooms 
for  primary  historical  materials:  personal 
correspondence,  newspaper  accounts,  plan- 
tation records.  What  she  has  found  often 
challenges  accepted  views.  For  example, 
"For  years  people  have  been  writing  about 
the  Civil  War,"  she  says.  "And  Southern- 
ers traditionally  have  claimed  the  slaves 
were  amenable  and  helpful  during  the  war 
years.  But  one  bright  scholar  decided  to 
look  at  women's  reports  from  home  to  the 
soldiers  and  found  a  completely  different 
situation.  The  women  say  they  are  having 
a  terrible  time  managing!  All  these  years 
no  one  thought  to  look  at  the  records  of 
the  women.  It  changes  the  whole  histori- 
cal picture." 

Such  discoveries  led  Scott  to  write  her 
now-classic  The  Southern  Lady,  in  which 
she  defined  the  gulf  separating  the  image 
of  the  delicate,  deferential  "lady,"  and  the 
demanding  reality  of  plantation  life  that 
imposed  tremendous  responsibilities  on 
women.  The  gap  widened 
during  and  after  the  Civil 
War,  when  women  had 
to  assume  responsibilities 
for  absent  men.  In  The 
Southern  Lady  she  notes 
that  even  before  the  war, 
"fine  ladies  thought  noth- 
ing of  supervising  hog 
butchering  on  the  first 
cold  days  in  fall,  or  of  dry-  t 
ing  fruits  and  vegetables 
in    winter.    They    made  ' 

their  own  yeast,  lard,  and 
soap,  set  their  own  hens, 
and  were  expected  to  be  "...  - 

able  to  make  with  equal 
skill  a  rough  dress  for  a  ,     • 

slave  or  a  ball  gown  for 
themselves." 

Scott's  investigation  of  Civil  War  sol- 
diers' aid  societies  led  her  to  recognize  a 
bitter  irony:  The  success  of  women  on 
both  sides  in  provisioning  the  troops  (an 
all-female,  all-voluntary  effort  largely 
ignored  by  Civil  War  historians)  probably 
prolonged   the   war.   "If  women  on   both 


sides  had  kept  closer  to  their  assigned 
spheres  and  let  the  two  governments  mud- 
dle on  without  their  labor,"  she  says,  "the 
short  war  which  so  many  had  predicted 
might  indeed  have  occurred  and  nearly 
everybody  would  have  been  better  off." 

Scott  is  not  a  traditional  historian.  As  a 
professor,  she  asks  her  students,  "What  did 
you  think  about  today?"  and  then  leads 
them  to  model  their  inquiries  into  histori- 
cal causes  and  effects  along  the  lines  of 
what  people  were  thinking  at  the  time. 
She  has  encouraged  the  detailed  study  of 
ordinary  people  within  the  context  of  their 
day,  rather  than  focusing  on  major  person- 
alities and  events.  "People  simply  don't 
spend  their  time  pondering  the  happen- 
ings in  the  state  capitals  and  in  Washing- 
ton," she  has  said.  Further,  she  resists 
imposing  too  much  order  on  history, 
because  "life  itself  is  very  confusing." 
Causes  and  effects  aren't  as  simply  defined 
as  traditional  historical  approaches  would 
suggest. 

Scott  calls  herself  a  "social  historian,"  a 
category  she  helped  create,  for  as  she 
attempted  to  bring  women's  experience  to 
bear  on  the  history  of  the  nation,  she 
looked  to  psychology,  anthropology,  and 
sociology  for  ideas  to  help  her  make  sense 
of  what  she  was  finding.  She  continues  to 
emphasize  the  use  of  primary  documentary 
materials  in  historical  research,  believing 
that  the  way  people  communicate  with 
one  another  affects  major  decisions,  rather 
than  the  other  way  around. 

Scott  maintains  that  the  change  in 
scholarly  awareness  of  women's  roles, 
while  it  has  affected  the  way  history  is 
taught,  still  has  not  suffi- 
ciently penetrated  the 
textbooks.  In  this  regard, 
things  haven't  changed 
much  since  1971,  when 
she  lamented,  "There  are 
fat  textbooks  in  Ameri- 
can history  which  men- 
tion women  three  or  four 
times,  and  a  good  deal 
more  attention  is  paid  to 
a  single  political  leader 
or  some  short-lived  polit- 
ical movement  than  to 
the  accomplishments  for 
women  in  300  years." 

"The  next  step  is  to 
get  the  history  of  women 
integrated  into  historical 
studies,"  Scott  says.  She  draws  another 
example  from  the  Civil  War,  and  in  par- 
ticular last  year's  acclaimed  PBS  documen- 
tary on  the  war  years.  "To  rely  on  [nine- 
teenth-century diarist]  Mary  Chestnut  as 
the  sole  representative  of  the  women  was 
bad.  Women  were  not  mentioned  at  all. 
Continued  on  page  44 


13 


"% 

\ 

'% 

% 

|  DUKE  PERSPECTIVES 

] 

HA 

FROM 
RDBAC 
IAREW 

BY  STEPHEN  NATHANS 

IE 

THE  ON-LINE  LIBRARY: 

Reference  revolutionaries: 

Librarians  Ken  Berger, 

left,  and  Rich  Hines  are 

programming  Perkins' 

electronic  transition 

TEXTS  IN  THE  TWENTY^FIRST  CENTURY 

Perkins'  four-millionth  volume  isn't  a  book  at  all; 
as  we  move  from  a  paper-centered  universe  to  elec- 
tronic text  retrieval,  the  role  and  concept  of  libraries 
is  changing. 

■  magine  yourself  visiting  the  sun- 
H  splashed   grandstands    of  Baltimore's 
H  Camden  Yards,  baseball's  newest  ball- 
H  park  of  dreams.  Constructed  in  the 
manner  of  the  classic  ballparks  of  yore,  the 
new  stadium  seems  to  raise  ghosts  of  base- 
ball's  grounds    and   greats   past   with    its 
unmistakable  old-time  feel. 

As  you  watch  the  visiting  Red  Sox  take 
the  field,  you  are  reminded  of  sure-fire 
pennant  winners  throughout  history  that, 
in  Sox-like  fashion,  have  defied  the  odds 
and  come  up  short.  You  vividly  recall  ob- 
serving first-hand  the  post-season  demise 
of  perhaps  the  greatest  of  all  Orioles  teams, 
but   a  flawed   memory   belies   your  deep 
sense  of  history.  Who  sealed  their  October 
doom,  you  wonder,  and  did  it  indeed,  as 
you  remember,  provide  a  bitter  climax  to 
the  long,  hot  summer  of  1968? 

Within  seconds,  you  have  your  answer. 
No,  it  wasn't  '68,  but  '69,  the  year  of  the 
Miracle  Mets — and  the  year  when  the  first 
edition  of  your  answer  book,  The  Baseball 
Encyclopedia,  appeared.  But  on  this  idyllic 
1992  afternoon,  you  haven't  dragged  the 
ten-pound  tome  into  the  grandstands;  you 

merely  extract  from  your  pocket  a  five- 
ounce  computer  that  can  answer  any  ques- 
tion whose  answer  is  buried  in  The  Baseball 
Encyclopedia's  2,781   pages,  and  find  the 
information  you  seek.  And  all  you  miss  is 
the  seventh-inning  stretch. 

Like  aficionados  of  the  game  from  Cam- 
den Yards  to  Cooperstown,  you  have  the 
power  of  reference,  the  Franklin  Electron- 
ics' "Big  League  Baseball"  database — small 
enough  to  fit  in  the  pocket  of  your  baseball 
glove.  You  are  caught  up  in  the  future  of 
the  past.  And  so  are  your  scholarly  coun- 
terparts beyond  baseball  parks. 

The  late  literary  scholar  Northrop  Frye 
stood  on  the  edge  of  that  future  at  a  June 
1989  conference  on  academic  computing 
in  Toronto  and  assessed  what  The  Chroni- 
cle  of  Higher   Education   called   the    "sea 
change"  under  way  in  humanities  research. 
Evoking  the  days  when  creating  one  of  a 
scholar's    indispensable    tools — a    literary 
concordance — was  his  thesis  adviser's  life- 
time   project,    Frye    said    the    "harmless 
drudges"  of  those  exhausting  labors  were 
long  gone.  His  mentor's  lifework,  a  con- 
cordance of  the  literary  images  used  in  the 

H  i 


work  of  the  British  poet  Percy  Bysshe 
Shelley,  "could  now  be  done  in  seconds 
with  a  computer." 

As  of  April  10,  1992,  any  Duke  scholar 
who  wishes  to  see  the  implications  of 
Frye's  words  in  action  need  look  no  farther 
than  Duke's  own  Perkins  Library.  And  by 
the  coming  fall,  a  probing  Duke  English 
major  could  ascertain,  within  seconds, 
when,  where,  and  how  many  times  Shelley 
uses  the  word  "solitude" — all  from  the  soli- 
tary network  outpost  of  the  student's  own 
dorm  room. 

With  the  arrival  of  Duke's  four-mil- 
lionth volume,  The  English  Poetry  Full-Text 
Database,  Perkins  has  taken  a  definitive 
step  into  the  future  of  the  past,  and  the 
future  of  research  and  communications: 
electronic-media  publishing.  Perhaps  the 
most  remarkable  aspect  of  Perkins'  mile- 
stone acquisition  is  that  the  four-millionth 
volume  isn't  a  book  at  all.  It  is  four  CD- 
ROMs,  a  quartet  of  compact  discs  contain- 
ing 4,500  volumes  of  full-text  English 
poetry  from  the  seventh  through  the  nine- 
teenth centuries.  Featuring  the  collected 
works  of  1,350  poets  that  run  the  gamut 
from  the  foremost  (William  Shakespeare) 
to  the  famous  (Edmund  Spenser)  to  the 
forgotten  (Horatio  Smith),  the  database 
should  help  bring  Duke  scholars  unprece- 
dented access  to  the  anatomy  of  a  culture  a 
millennium  in  the  making. 

According  to  University  Librarian  Jerry 
D.  Campbell,  the  advent  of  CD-ROM 
access  material  like  English  Poetry  will  not 
only  augment  the  library's  resources  but  rev- 
olutionize its  function  as  a  research  center. 
As  humanistic  study  moves  from  a  "paper- 
centered  universe"  to  a  world  focused  on 
electronic  text  retrieval,  the  role  and  con- 
cept of  libraries  will  change.  "Twenty  years 
ago,"  Campbell  says,  "the  operative  con- 
cept was  the  so-called  'library  of  record' — a 
library  that  had  a  record  of  everything 
published  that  was  useful."  The  library  was  a 
place  where  definitive  collections  of  print 
materials  were  housed  and  maintained. 

"Day  by  day,"  Campbell  says,  "we're 
moving  away  from  the  library  as  being  this 
building."  By  2010 — if  not  substantially 
sooner,  according  to  Duke  reference  librar- 
ians Rich  Hines  and  Ken  Berger — the 
library  building  as  we  now  conceive  it  may 
be  entirely  a  thing  of  the  past.  "If  Duke 
University  were  to  build  a  new  library  in 
the  year  2010,"  says  Hines,  "the  building 
would  look  totally  different."  Within  a 
downscaled,  one-  or  two-story  structure,  a 
small  core  of  print  materials  would  remain, 
for  casual  reading  alone.  Beyond  that,  a 
visitor  to  the  library  would  find  banks  of 
computers,  and  a  sparse  assemblage  of  librar- 
ians to  assist  with  the  machines.  But  most- 
ly the  library  would  be  a  central  storage 
facility  for  information  acquired  remotely. 


"We  have  a  lot  of  things 

now  on  paper  that 
have  been  called  garbage 
by  scholars  and  others," 
says  librarian  Campbell. 
"Do  we  save  everything 

or  just  part  of  it? 
And  who  gets  to  decide?" 


"Ultimately,"  says  Berger,  "you'll  be  sitting 
in  your  room  as  a  student,  or  your  office  as 
a  faculty  member,  doing  the  search,  re- 
trieving the  document,  and  having  it  right 
there.  You'll  never  come  into  the  library." 

As  access  changes,  according  to  Hines 
and  Berger,  so  does  publishing.  In  1989, 
for  the  first  time  since  the  fifteenth-centu- 
ry emergence  of  the  Gutenberg  printing 
press,  the  amount  of  written  material  pub- 
lished in  print  showed  a  decrease  from  the 
previous  year.  Since  then,  the  decline  has 
only  grown  more  pronounced,  finally  regis- 
tering its  first  double-digit  drop — more  than 
17  percent — in  1991.  "Even  books  are  now 
appearing  in  CD-ROM,"  says  Berger.  "Pub- 
lishing as  we  have  known  it  in  our  genera- 
tion," says  Campbell,  "is  being  passed  on 
to  those  who  change  it  for  the  sake  of  con- 
tinuing the  advancement  of  knowledge." 

The  departure  from  print  will  most  likely 
affect  journal  publication  even  more  dras- 
tically and  quickly.  In  the  sciences,  most 
of  the  changes  are  already  in  place.  Find- 
ings from  scientific  research,  at  the  rate 
projects  are  being  completed  today,  are 
often  obsolete  by  the  time  they  are  written 
up,  reviewed,  edited,  and  appear  in  print 
nearly  a  year  after  the  data  are  collected. 
"In  science  and  technology,"  Campbell  says, 
"most  papers  and  articles  that  are  written 
are  shared  informally.  People  put  a  copy- 
right sign  on  them  and  send  them  around  to 
people  who  are  doing  the  same.  That  puts 
the  idea  out  there  while  it's  hot  and  stakes 
out  their  claim  as  to  who's  written  it  first." 

As  journal  publishing  moves  increasing- 
ly into  electronic  media,  libraries  will  step 
forward  to  greet  and  accommodate  that 
change,  says  Berger.  "Eventually,  library 
subscriptions  may  not  be  subscriptions  for 
university  libraries  but  subscriptions  to  a 
university's  access  to  a  journal.  A  library 
won't  subscribe  to  a  journal,  but  a  univer- 
sity will  pay  for  each  time  someone  uses  an 
article."  The  proliferation  of  computer  in- 
formation vendors  such  as  CompuServe 


and  Prodigy — on-line  access  news  services 
available  to  anyone  with  a  home  computer 
and  a  telephone — has  changed  the  way 
data  are  acquired,  and  the  philosophy  of  in- 
formation acquisition.  And  with  changes 
in  philosophy — "the  sociology  of  knowl- 
edge," as  Campbell  describes  it — will  come 
changes  in  the  way  libraries  serve  the  users 
of  that  knowledge. 

As  libraries  and  librarians  struggle  to  keep 
abreast  of  their  future  in  advancing  tech- 
nology (according  to  Campbell,  the  manu- 
facturing life  for  database  programs  and 
other  software  is  roughly  eight  months), 
they  are  also  racing  against  the  decay  of 
their  past.  The  determination  of  Camp- 
bell, Hines,  Berger,  and  their  counterparts 
at  other  research  libraries  to  convert  their 
print  repositories  to  electronic  form  is  not 
only  a  drive  to  transform  them  into  the 
monuments  to  the  technological  future 
they  can  become.  Librarians  are  also  fight- 
ing to  preserve  their  libraries'  traditional 
status  as  troves  of  cultural  memory.  Since 
nineteenth-century  publishers  discovered 
that  coating  wood-pulp  pages  with  alu- 
minum sulfate  prevents  ink  from  running, 
sulfuric  acid  has  been  seeping  into  pub- 
lished texts  just  enough  to  turn  pages  yel- 
low and  brittle  within  half  a  century. 

In  a  March  1991  issue,  Forbes  estimates 
that  nearly  a  third  of  Northwestern  Uni- 
versity's 3  million  volumes  are  too  fragile 
to  be  handled.  Recently  developed  tech- 
niques to  neutralize  the  acid  stop  the  dis- 
integration process  and  help  mend  broken 
paper  fibers,  but  it  costs  five  to  ten  dollars 
per  book. 

For  Duke's  4-million-volume  collection, 
roughly  a  fourth  of  which  Campbell  says  is 
on  its  last  threads,  that  translates  into  more 
than  $5  million  in  preservation  costs.  More 
practical,  but  still  costly  and  time-consuming 
solutions  to  the  crumbling  books  crisis  in- 
clude microfilming  texts  and  scanning  or 
typing  pages  into  computer  databanks.  When 
the  issue  of  preservation  becomes  one  of 
data  transfer  with  a  human  intermediary 
between  the  print  and  screen  media,  other 
questions  emerge:  What  do  we  preserve, 
and  what  do  we  relinquish?  "We  have  a  lot 
of  things  now  on  paper  that  have  been 
called  garbage  by  scholars  and  others,"  says 
Campbell.  "Do  we  save  everything  or  just 
part  of  it?  And  who  gets  to  decide?" 

And  where  does  the  librarian  fit  into 
that  inevitable  decision  and  the  accompa- 
nying transition?  "What  we're  talking  about 
is  an  enterprise  that  has  the  libraries  on  the 
cusp  of  this  change  from  a  paper-centered 
process  to  an  electronically-facilitated  pro- 
cess," says  Campbell.  "The  library  staff  is 
trying  to  understand  how  to  create  a  new 
possibility  while  still  managing  the  old."  As 


16 


UJKE 


b 


XXX 


SCHOLARS 
SELECTED 


The  latest  trio  of  Alumni  Endowed 
Undergraduate  Scholars  entering  the 
Class  of  1996  are  Alan  Charles  Best, 
Christina  Arlene  Johnson,  and  Elizabeth 
Malone  Keever.  The  merit-based  awards, 
sponsored  by  the  Duke  Alumni  Asso- 
ciation, include  an 
annual  stipend,  re- 
cently increased  to 
$8,000  by  the  alum- 
ni association.  Pref- 
erence in  selection 
is  given  to  children 
of  alumni. 

Alan  Charles  Best 
is  the  Charles  A. 
Dukes  Scholar.  Dukes 
'29  was  assistant  di- 
rector of  alumni  af- 
fairs at  Duke  from 
1934  to  1944,  acting 
director  from  1944 
to  1946,  and  direc- 
tor from  1946  until 
1963.  He  retired  in 
1967  as  assistant  vice 
president. 

Best  is  from  Me- 
tairie,  Louisiana.  He 
was  editor-in-chief 
of  his  school  news- 
paper,  vice-chair   of 

the  student  senate,  and  captain  of  the 
cross-country  team,  and  was  active  in 
drama  productions.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
Cum  Laude  Society  and  winner  of  the 
Harvard  Book  Award,  and  was  a  Nation- 
al Merit  Semifinalist.  He  is  the  son  of 
Eugene  Crawford  Best  '61. 

Christina  Arlene  Johnson  is  the  Frank 
T.  deVyver  Scholar.  DeVyver,  who  joined 
Duke's  economics  department  in  1935,  was 
chair  from  1957  until  1964  and  vice  pro- 
vost from  1960  until  1969.  He  was  awarded 
emeritus  status  when  he  retired  in  1975  as 
University  Distinguished  Service  Professor 
of  Economics. 

Johnson  is  from  Kennett  Square,  Penn- 
sylvania. She  was  president  of  her  school's 


chorale  and  concert  choir  and  performed 
in  school  musicals.  She  was  treasurer  of 
the  student  council,  a  section  editor  of  her 
yearbook,  a  member  of  SADD,  and  a  field 
hockey  and  track  athlete.  She  is  a  member 
of  the  National  Honor  Society,  was  a  Na- 
tional Merit  Semifinalist,  and  received  the 
Brown  Book  Award  for  Literary  Expres- 
sion. She  is  the  daughter  of  Janet  Cline 
Johnson  '66. 


CENTENNIAL 
CELEBRATION 


dfoffa 


Birthday  bash:  Duke  celebrates  Trinity  College's  move  to  Durhat 


Elizabeth  Malone  Keever  is  the  Fannie 
Y.  Mitchell  Scholar.  Mitchell  came  to 
Duke  in  1941  as  a  member  of  the  appoint- 
ments staff.  She  was  acting  director  until 
1949,  when  she  became  director  of  place- 
ment. She  retired  in  1968. 

Keever  is  from  Asheville,  North  Carolina. 
She  was  vice  president  of  her  senior  class,  a 
member  of  the  student  council  and  the  all- 
conference  cross  country  and  track  teams, 
and  was  winner  of  the  North  Carolina 
Scholar  Athlete  Award.  She  was  named 
Outstanding  Senior  by  her  school,  is  a  Fur- 
man  Scholar,  and  received  a  National 
Merit  Scholar  Commendation.  She  is  the 
daughter  of  Patricia  Rouzer  Keever  '69  and 
John  Francis  Keever  Jr.  '67,  B.H.S.  '83. 


One  hundred  years  ago,  students  at 
Trinity  College  started  fall  classes 
in  Durham  instead  of  Trinity, 
North  Carolina.  "Old  Trinity"  had  moved 
about  fifty  miles  east  to  what  is  now  Duke 
University's  East  Campus. 

To  commemorate  the 
>  "removal,"  as  it  was  called 
.■J  then,  and  to  celebrate  its 
I  centennial,  the  Office  of 
j|  Alumni  Affairs  and  the 
|s  Duke  Alumni  Association 
are  sponsoring  a  luncheon 
on  the  lawn  from  12:30 
to  2:00  p.m.  on  Saturday, 
September    26,    in    the 
grove  of  trees  beside  the 
East  Duke  Building.  All 
alumni  and  friends  of  the 
university  are  invited. 

Later  that  day,  at  2:30 
in  Baldwin  Auditorium, 
the  Centennial  Convo- 
cation begins,  with  Pres- 
ident H.  Keith  H.  Brodie 
presiding  and  William  C. 
Friday  LL.D.  '58,  Univer- 
sity of  North  Carolina 
president  emeritus,  as 
guest  speaker.  The  pro- 
1  gram        will         include 

remarks  from  a  represen- 
tative of  the  Julian  S.  Carr  family,  who 
donated  the  land,  and  from  the  Duke  fami- 
ly, whose  patriarch,  Washington  Duke, 
and  whose  sons,  Benjamin  and  James,  were 
some  of  Trinity's  earliest  benefactors. 

For  more  information,  contact  Alumni 
Affairs  at  (919)  684-5114  or  1-800-FOR- 
DUKE. 


HONORING 
ENGINEERS 


uke's  School  of  Engineering  hon- 
ored two  graduates  during  an  April 
banquet  on  campus.  Robert  E. 


17 


Fischell  B.S.M.E.  '51  received  a  Distin- 
guished Alumnus  Award  and  George  S. 
Taylor  B.S.E.E.  '78  received  a  Distin- 
guished Young  Alumnus  Award. 

Fischell  is  a  Johns  Hopkins  University 
physicist  and  top  executive  of  two  medical 
device  firms.  He  is  chief  of  technology 
transfer  at  the  Johns  Hopkins  Applied 
Physics  Laboratory's  Space  Department 
and  holds  a  number  of  awards  for  his  years 
of  aerospace  work,  including  NASA's  Ex- 
ceptional Engineering  Achievement  Medal. 
He  has  fifty  U.S.  and  foreign  patents  in 
the  fields  of  spacecraft  and  medical  de- 
vices, including  one  for  an  artificial  pan- 
creas that  won  him  an  "Inventor  of  the 
Year"  national  award.  Fischell,  who  earned 
his  master's  in  physics  from  the  University 
of  Maryland,  lives  in  Dayton,  Maryland. 

A  consultant  to  Congress'  Office  of  Tech- 
nology Assessment  and  the  National  Sci- 
ence Foundation,  Fischell  is  also  president 
of  MedlnTec,  Inc.,  the  board  chair  of 
Cathco  Inc.,  and  a  research  associate  at 
both  Johns  Hopkins'  and  Yale's  medical 
schools.  He  is  a  member  of  the  National 
Academy  of  Engineering. 

George  S.  Taylor  B.S.E.E.  '78,  director 
of  advanced  microprocessor  architecture 
development  for  the  Sun  Microsystems 
Computer  Corporation,  lives  in  Mountain 
View,  California.  He  earned  his  Ph.D. 
from  the  University  of  California  at  Berke- 
ley, where  he  was  a  member  of  the  team 
that  developed  the  Institute  of  Electrical 
and  Electronic  Engineers  standard  for 
floating  point  arithmetic. 

In  1986,  he  co-founded  the  Faster  Than 
Light  Computer  Corporation  (FTL).  After 
FTL  merged  with  the  MIPS  Computer  Cor- 
poration, he  led  a  project  there  to  develop 
the  first  emitter-coupled  logic  VLSI  micro- 
processor to  be  brought  to  market. 


MUSICAL 
MEMORIES 

When  the  Duke  University  Wind 
Symphony  held  its  first  reunion 
this  spring,  the  celebration  was 
particularly  noteworthy:  the  performance 
of  a  commissioned  work  to  honor  music 
professor  emeritus  Paul  Bryan,  conductor 
of  the  ensemble  from  1951  through  1987. 

Composer,  conductor,  lecturer,  and  writer 
Warren  Benson  was  commissioned  by  the 
wind  symphony,  its  alumni,  and  the  Duke 
Institute  of  the  Arts.  His  composition,  "Dux 
Variations,"  was  performed  at  an  alumni 
reunion  gala  concert  on  Saturday,  April 
25.  Honoree  Bryan  was  guest  conductor 
for   works   by   Dmitri   Shostakovich   and 

18 


William  Schuman  that  comprised  the  first 
part  of  the  program.  On  Sunday,  the  sym- 
phony, whose  conductor  is  Michael  Votta 
Jr.,  presented  a  concert  in  the  Duke  Gardens. 

The  Duke  Wind  Symphony  is  a  group  of 
sixty-five  undergraduate  and  graduate  stu- 
dents selected  through  auditions.  Its  reper- 
toire includes  works  for  wind  ensemble 
dating  from  1600  to  the  present,  including 
newly  commissioned  works  such  as  Ben- 
son's. More  than  fifteen  works  have  been 
commissioned  by  the  ensemble  from  com- 
posers such  as  Norman  Dello-Joio,  Vittorio 
Giannini,  Gunther  Schuller,  David  Dia- 
mond, Vincent  Persichetti,  Iain  Hamilton, 
Jan  Meyerowitz,  and  Phillip  Rhodes. 

This  fall,  the  Duke  Wind  Symphony  will 
travel  to  Vienna,  Austria,  for  its  sixth 
semester-long  Vienna  Program.  Ensemble 
members  will  attend  classes  in  music,  art, 
history,  and  German,  and  will  be  perform- 
ing in  Vienna,  Budapest,  Prague,  Venice, 
and  other  European  cities. 


CLUB  CIRCUIT 
RIDERS 


Since  alumni  can't  always  come  to 
campus,  campus  can — and  does — 
come  to  them.  Duke  speakers  go  on 
the  road  regularly,  appearing  as  guest 
speakers  at  club  events  across  the  country, 
with  Duke  updates  from  administrators  or 
specialized  lectures  from  faculty. 

There's  an  able  team  of  deans  who  meet 
with  alumni  to  share  campus  news  and  an- 
swer questions  in  the  field.  Botanist  Richard 
White,  dean  of  Trinity  College  and  vice 
provost  for  undergraduate  education,  spoke 
in  March  at  a  luncheon  sponsored  by  the 
Duke  Club  of  Charlotte.  The  event  was  held 
at  the  Tower  Club  and  arranged  by  Heidi 
Campbell-Robinson  M.Div.  '83,  Th.M.  '86. 
In  May,  Thomas  F.  Keller  '53,  dean  of 
Duke's  Fuqua  School  of  Business,  was  the 
main  attraction  for  a  dinner  in  Charlotte's 
City  Club,  arranged  by  Pam  McCarty  Paroli 
'78.  The  club's  president  was  Martha 
Rankin  Schweppe  '78;  the  new  president 
is  Kelly  Graves  Jr.  '77. 

Historian  Gerald  L.  Wilson,  senior  asso- 
ciate dean  of  Trinity  College  at  Duke,  did 
double  duty  in  the  spring,  speaking  as  an 
expert  in  his  field  and  representing  the 
administration.  His  presentation,  "An  Old 
Spain  in  a  New  World,"  was  the  highlight 
of  a  luncheon  sponsored  by  the  Duke  Club 
of  Catawba  Valley  and  held  at  the  Catawba 
Country  Club  in  Newton,  North  Carolina. 
Beth  Russell  Ballhaussen  B.S.N.  '81  is  the 
club's  president. 

From  double  duty  to  a  double  bill:  Trini- 


ty dean  Richard  White  joined  Malcolm 
Gillis,  dean  of  the  Arts  and  Sciences  facul- 
ty, in  April  for  a  Duke  in  Atlanta  Alumni 
Association  event.  Nancy  Jordan  Ham  '82 
is  the  Atlanta  club's  president.  White 
went  solo,  however,  at  a  dinner  and  recep- 
tion in  May  for  the  Duke  Club  of  Central 
Florida.  That  event  was  organized  by  Julia 
Frey  '79  and  David  Johnston  '62. 

The  dean  of  Duke  Chapel,  William  H. 
Willimon,  was  invited  by  the  Duke  Club 
of  Washington  for  an  "Evening  of  Conver- 
sation" at  the  home  of  Julie  Butler  Bras- 
field  J.D.  '80  in  Alexandria,  Virginia,  in 
April.  Warren  Wickersham  '60  is  the 
club's  president. 

Students  in  the  Dallas  area  who  have 
been  accepted  into  the  Class  of  1996  were 
welcomed  by  Dean  for  Student  Life  Sue 
Wasiolek  '76,  M.H.A.  '78  in  April  at  a 
reception  arranged  by  Robert  Perm  '74  for 
the  Duke  Club  of  Dallas.  Welcoming  stu- 
dents in  Pittsburgh  at  a  similar  event  was 
William  J.  Griffith  '50,  former  vice  presi- 
dent for  student  affairs.  Alumni  Admis- 
sions Advisory  Committee  co-chairs  Ethel 
Tinsley  Collins  '66  and  Richard  Collins  Jr. 
'64  helped  organize  the  reception  with 
Duke  Club  of  Pittsburgh  president  Karen 
Sartin  Slevin  '82. 

The  Duke  connection  even  reaches 
across  the  Atlantic.  Duke  Chancellor  Emer- 
itus William  G  Anlyan  hosted  a  cocktail  re- 
ception in  June  for  the  Duke  Club  of  Paris, 
whose  president  is  Joseph  Smallhoover  '75. 
The  event,  organized  by  Elizabeth  Buckley 
'83,  featured  an  address  by  U.S.  Ambas- 
sador to  France  Walter  J. P.  Curley.  Anlyan 
crossed  the  Channel  two  days  later  to  host 
a  champagne  reception  and  panel  discus- 
sion for  the  Duke  Club  of  London.  The 
panel,  moderated  by  club  president  Kath- 
leen Sorley  '79,  included  Fuqua  dean 
Thomas  Keller. 

Faculty  forays  in  the  field  are  equally  ex- 
tensive, and  political  scientists  are  particu- 
larly in  demand.  James  David  Barber's 
topic  for  a  May  meeting  of  the  Duke  Club 
of  Nashville  was  presidential  character 
issues.  The  Nashville  club's  co-presidents 
are  Ann  Wooster  '88  and  Ramsey  Jones  '86. 
International  politics  and  foreign  trade  was 
the  focus  of  Jerry  F.  Hough,  Soviet  expert, 
Brookings  Institute  Fellow,  and  director  of 
Duke's  Center  on  East/West  Trade,  Invest- 
ment, and  Communications.  He  was  the 
featured  speaker  at  a  March  dinner  ar- 
ranged by  the  Duke  Club  of  Tampa/St. 
Petersburg;  Barry  Schneirov  '85  is  the  club's 
president.  And  David  Paletz  spoke  about 
political  advertising  in  April  at  a  reception 
sponsored  by  the  Duke  Club  of  Southern 
California.  Phil  Sotel  '57,  J.D.  '62  is  the 
club's  event  chair  and  Lawrence  Golden- 
hersh  '77  is  president. 

Another  "road  show"  veteran  is  geolo- 


gist  Orrin  Pilkey,  coastal  erosion  expert 
and  critic  of  unchecked  shoreline  develop- 
ment. He  spoke  at  a  Virginia  Beach  lunch- 
eon in  January  to  members  of  the  Duke 
Club  of  Tidewater  Virginia.  Jim  Howard 
LL.B.  '49  is  the  club's  president. 

The  team  of  Carol  and  Eric  Meyers,  reli- 
gion professors  who  have  led  archaeologi- 
cal digs  in  Israel,  share  their  experiences 
stateside.  They  appeared  together  for  a 
joint  event  sponsored  by  the  Duke  clubs  in 
Philadelphia  and  Delaware  in  February. 
She  was  part  of  the  Duke  Club  of  Pitts- 
burgh's lecture  series  and  he  was  guest 
speaker  in  April  at  a  Duke  Club  of  Cleve- 
land reception.  The  Cleveland  event  was 
organized  by  Chuck  Milliken  '85,  M.B.A. 
'89;  Cathy  McCurry  Milliken  '85,  A.M. 
'89;  and  club  president  Mike  Hemmerich 
'80,  J. D. '85. 


NEW  LEVELS  AND 
LEADERS 


At  its  meeting  in  February,  Duke's 
board  of  trustees  approved  a  new 
level  of  recognition  for  donors  who 
contribute  $25,000  or  more  to  any  univer- 
sity-wide Annual  Fund  program.  The  new 
leadership  gift  club  will  be  known  as  the 
President's  Executive  Council  and  will  be 
the  highest  level  of  recognition  within  the 
William  Preston  Few  Association. 

In  honor  of  next  year's  tenth  anniver- 
sary of  the  Few  Association,  charter  mem- 
bership will  be  offered  to  individuals  who 
contribute  $25,000  or  more  to  the  Annual 
Fund  in  this  or  the  next  (1992-1993)  fiscal 
year.  A  permanent  plaque  with  the  names 
of  charter  members  will  be  placed  in  the 
foyer  near  the  president's  office. 

A  new  fiscal  year  brings  changes  to  the 
slate  of  Annual  Fund  volunteer  leaders. 
Harold  L.  "Spike"  Yoh  Jr.  B.S.C.E.  '58  of 
Philadelphia  is  the  new  national  chair  for 
the  Duke  Annual  Fund.  A  Duke  trustee 
and  member  of  the  School  of  Engineer- 
ing's Dean's  Council,  Yoh  succeeds  R. 
David  Thomas,  founder  of  Wendy's  Inter- 
national, Inc. 

Ginny  Lilly  Nicholas  '64  of  South  Dart- 
mouth, Massachusetts,  began  a  two-year 
term  in  April  as  chair  of  the  Annual 
Fund's  executive  committee.  Nicholas  was 
one  of  the  first  winners  of  the  Charles  A. 
Dukes  Award  for  outstanding  volunteer  ser- 
vice to  the  university.  She  succeeds  Fred 
Shaffer  '54,  who  will  continue  as  a  com- 
mittee member  during  the  1992-93  fund- 
raising  year. 

Duke  trustee  A.  Morris  Williams  Jr.  '62 
of  Gladwynne,  Pennsylvania,  began  a  two- 


year  term  as  national  chair  of  the  William 
Preston  Few  Association  in  July.  He  suc- 
ceeds Robert  L.  Heidrick  '63,  a  past  presi- 
dent of  the  Duke  Alumni  Association. 

L.  Neil  Williams  '58,  J.D.  '61  of  Atlanta 
succeeds  Alex  McMahon  '42  and  Anne 
Fountain  McMahon  '44  as  national  re- 
unions chair.  Williams,  a  past  chair  of 
Duke's  board  of  trustees,  is  also  a  past  pres- 
ident of  the  Duke  Alumni  Association  and 
of  Atlanta's  alumni  club,  and  is  a  former 
Annual  Fund  national  chair. 


Janet  and  Calvin  Hill,  the  parents  of 
Grant  Hill  '94,  of  Great  Falls,  Virginia,  are 
chairing  the  Duke  Parents'  Committee. 
They  succeed  Helen  and  Bill  Curtin  of 
Potomac,  Maryland,  whose  third  Duke  stu- 
dent graduated  in  May. 


i_y^e  KJemcA  ^JTot, 


MEANING 


"WlLLIAMSBURG.VlRGINIA 


Duke  Alumni  College 


October  15-18,  1992 


Why  am  I  here?  Where  am  I  going? 
What  is  the  puropose  of  life? 

Join  us  as  we  confront  life's  ultimate  ques- 
tions head-on  and  discover  how  to  search  for 
answers  to  them.  Spend  a  weekend  discussing 
the  search  for  meaning  in  life  with: 

Gail  Sheehy,  noted  social  commentator 
and  author  of  the  landmark  book,  Passages 

Thomas  Naylor,  Professor  of  Economics, 
Duke  University 

William  Willimon,  Dean  of  the  Chapel, 
Duke  University 

Magdalena  Naylor,  Medical  Director 
of  the  Women's  Program, 
Psychiatric  Institute  of  Richmond 

William  Sachs,  Senior  Assistant  Rector, 
St.  Stephen's  Episcopal  Church,  Richmond 


more  information,  contact 
Deborah  Weiss  Fowlkes  78 
Director,  Alumni  Continuing  Education 
919  684-51 14  or  800  FOR-DUKE 


Sponsored  by 

The  Duke  University 

Office  of  Alumni  Affairs 


CLASS 
NOTES 


WRITE:  Class  Notes  Editor,  Duke  Magazine, 
614  Chapel  Drive,  Durham,  N.C.  27706 
FAX:  (919)  684-6022  (typed  only,  please) 


CHANGE  OF  ADDRESS:  Alumni  Records, 
614  Chapel  Drive  Annex,  Durham,  N.C.  27706. 
Please  include  mailing  label  and  allow  six  weeks. 


NOTICE: 

class  note  material  we  receive  and  the 
long  lead  time  required  for  typesetting, 
design,  and  printing,  your  submission 
may  not  appear  for  three  to  four  issues. 
Alumni  are  urged  to  include  spouses' 
names  in  marriage  and  birth  announce- 
ments. We  do  not  record  engagements. 


30s  &  40s 


H.  Benenson  '34  was  honored  at  the 
Pierre  Hotel  in  New  York  City  by  the  Confrerie  des 
Chevaliers  du  Tastevin.  A  scholarship  to  the  Culinary 
Institute  of  America  was  established  in  his  honor.  A 
Duke  trustee  emeritus,  he  lives  in  New  York  City. 

Charles  B.  Wade  Jr.  '38,  a  Duke  trustee  emeri- 
tus, represented  Duke  at  the  inauguration  of  the  presi- 
dent of  Salem  Academy  and  College  in  Winston- 
Salem,  N.C. 

John  A.  Forlines  Jr.  '39  was  honored  by  United 
Slates  Banker  as  chair  and  CEO  of  "America's  Most  Pro- 
fitable Bank,"  North  Carolina's  Bank  of  Granite.  A 
Duke  trustee  emeritus,  he  lives  in  Granite  Falls,  N.C. 


M.  Knorr  M.F.  '40  represented  Duke  in 
May  at  the  inauguration  of  the  president  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Arizona. 

Hatcher  C.  Williams  '40,  A.M.  '49,  who  retired 
as  headmaster  of  the  Blue  Ridge  School  in  1984,  was 
honored  in  May  at  the  groundbreaking  for  the  school's 
new  Hatcher  C.  Williams  Library.  He  became  head- 
master at  the  men's  college  preparatory  school  in  1962. 
He  and  his  wife,  Jacqueline,  live  in  Oxford,  N.C. 

Irving  J.  Edelman  '43,  A.M.  '47  received  his 
D.Ed,  in  educational  administration  at  UNC-Chapel 
Hill  in  May.  He  lives  in  Charlotte. 

George  H.  Fox  Jr.  B.S.M.E.  '45  was  recognized 
in  The  Wall  Street  Journal  as  a  "Leader  in  1991"  at  CB 
Commercial  Real  Estate  Group  in  Torrance,  Calif. 
The  group's  first  vice  president  for  commercial  prop- 
erties, he  has  worked  there  for  30  years.  He  lives  in 
Long  Beach,  Calif. 

M.  Kenneth  Starr  '45,  former  program  director 
at  the  National  Science  Foundation  in  Washington, 
D.C.,  and  former  director  of  the  Milwaukee  Public 
Museum,  is  the  recipient  of  the  American  Associa- 
tion of  Museums'  Distinguished  Service  Award.  He 
and  his  wife,  Betty,  live  in  Frederick,  Md. 

Martha  Watkins  Wilhoit  B.S.N.  '45,  a  nurse  in 
Kuwait  for  three  months  following  the  Gulf  War,  was 
the  keynote  speaket  at  the  National  Business  Women's 
Week  Banquet  in  October.  She  is  a  registered  nurse  in 
orthopedics  at  West  Florida  Regional  Medical  Cen- 
ter. She  lives  in  Pensacola,  Fla. 

Claude  W.  Campbell  '47  is  vice  president  and  a 
member  of  the  board  of  directors  of  Union  Standard 
Insurance  Co.  in  Little  Rock,  Ark. 


R.  Sizemore  M.F.  '47  is  co-author  of 
Timberland  Investments:  A  Portfolio  Perspective,  pub- 
lished by  Portland,  Oregon's  Timber  Press.  He  is  chair 
of  Sizemore  and  Sizemore,  Inc.,  of  Tallassee,  Ala., 
and  an  adjunct  professor  in  Duke's  School  of  the 
Environment. 

Theron  Montgomery  A.M.  '48,  Ph.D.  '50  has 
returned  from  San  Jose,  Costa  Rica,  where  he  assisted 
a  private  school  with  strategic  planning  and  fund 
raising  as  a  volunteer  with  the  International  Executive 
Service  Corps.  A  president  emeritus  at  Jacksonville 
State  University,  he  and  his  wife,  Ada,  live  in  Jack- 
sonville, Ala. 


MARRIAGES:  Suzanne  Sommers  Zipse  '40 

to  W.  Ward  Jackson  in  January  1991.  Residence: 
Short  Hills,  N.J. 


50s 


William  A.  Rigsbee  '50,  president  and  chair  of 
Midland  National  Life  Insurance  Co.  of  Sioux  Falls, 
S.D.,  has  retired  after  31  years  as  chief  executive  offi- 
cer. He  will  continue  with  the  company  as  a  consul- 
tant. He  and  his  wife,  Shirley,  live  in  Wrightsville 
Beach,  N.C. 

Kenneth  F.  Palmer  '51,  a  retired  Coopers  & 
Lybrand  partner,  has  been  elected  to  chair  the  Indus- 
trial Development  Authority  in  Virginia  Beach,  Va. 


Wagoner  Jr.  M.F.  '51  has  completed 
a  volunteer  project  with  the  International  Executive 
Service  Corps  in  Cairo,  Egypt.  He  is  the  retired  presi- 
dent of  AMFAC  Tropical  Products  Co.  He  and  his 
wife,  Donna,  live  in  Hermiston,  Ore. 

Edwin  Ward  "Easy  Ed"  Bitter  '52  received 

the  James  Smithson  Society's  23rd  Founder  Medal  for 
donating  his  $2-million  18th-  and  19th-century 
American  flintlock  pistol  collection  to  the  Smithsonian 
Institution  in  March.  He  is  the  CEO  of  Scalamandre 
Silks,  Inc.  He  lives  in  Locust  Valley,  N.Y. 

George  V.  Grune  '52  has  been  elected  to  the  cor- 
porate board  of  directors  at  Federated  Department 
Stores,  Inc.  He  is  chair  and  CEO  of  The  Reader's 
Digest  Association,  Inc.,  and  a  Duke  trustee.  He  and 
his  wife,  Betty  Lu  Albert  Grune  '51,  have  three 
grown  sons  and  live  in  Westport,  Conn. 

John  M.  Rosenberg  '53,  an  attorney  who  directs 
legal  services  for  the  poor,  received  the  Berea  College 
Service  Award  in  March.  He  lives  in  Prestonburg,  Ky. 

John  H.  Gibbons  Ph.D.  '54  received  the  Officer's 
Cross  of  the  Order  of  Merit,  presented  by  the  presi- 
dent of  the  Federal  Republic  of  Germany.  He  is  direc- 
tor of  Congress'  Office  of  Technology  Assessment 
(OTA),  the  model  for  a  German  Bundestag  office.  He 
and  his  wife,  Mary  Ann,  live  in  Washington,  D.C. 

Thomas  A.  Langford  B.D.  '54,  Ph.D.  '58  was 
elected  a  trustee  of  The  Duke  Endowment  on  April  7 
in  Charlotte.  He  is  provost  and  William  K.  Quick  Pro- 
fessor of  Theology  and  Methodist  Studies  at  Duke.  He 
and  his  wife,  Ann  Marie,  live  in  Durham. 


I  C.  Bird  '55  is  the  author  of  Trinidad  Sweet — 
The  People,  Their  Culture,  Their  Island,  published  by 
Inprint  Caribbean  Ltd.  He  retired  from  banking  in 
Trinidad  after  25  years.  He  and  his  wife,  Jennie,  and 
their  two  sons  live  in 


Clyde  Dornbusch  A.M.  '55,  Ph.D.  '57  retired  as 
professor  of  English  at  Ohio  Northern  University  this 


past  spring.  He  chaired  the  department  for  17  years 
and  was  coordinator  of  the  professional  writing  pro- 
gram. He  was  honored  at  a  recognition  dinner  and 
given  a  chair  with  the  university  crest.  He  and  his 
wife,  Joan,  live  in  Ada,  Ohio. 

Richard  F.  Appleton  '56,  founder  and  president 
of  Northstar  Television  Group,  Inc.,  has  become  gen- 
eral manager  of  WZZM-TV  13  in  Grand  Rapids,  Mich. 
He  and  his  wife,  Martha,  have  one  daughter  and  live 
in  Durham,  N.C. 


Allan  H.  Haack  '56  is  senior  aviation  executive 
with  Greiner  Engineering,  an  international  consult- 
ing firm  in  Rockville  Centre,  N.Y.  He  and  his  wife, 
Karin,  have  two  daughters,  Allison  Glackin 
B.S.E.  '83  and  Susan  Lenoir  '84,  and  live  in 
Rockville  Center. 

Arthur  G.  Raynes  '56,  attorney  and  past  chan- 
cellor of  the  Philadelphia  Bar  Association,  received 
the  Order  of  the  Owl  Award  from  Temple  University 
in  April.  He  lives  in  Philadelphia. 

Kenneth  D.  Stewart  '56  represented  Duke  at 
the  inauguration  of  the  president  of  Frostburg  State 
University  in  Frostburg,  Md. 

John  N.  Simpson  '57  is  president  of  Health  Corp. 
of  Virginia.  He  lives  in  Richmond. 


Applewhite  '58,  A.M.  '60,  Ph.D. 
'69,  a  professor  of  English  at  Duke,  received  the  Jean 
Stein  Award  for  his  poetry  at  a  Manhattan  meeting  of 
the  American  Academy  and  Institute  of  Arts  and 
Letters  in  May. 

Kenneth  L.  Cornwell  B.S.M.E.  '59  retired  as 
senior  purchasing  agent  for  DuPont  in  January.  He 
and  his  wife  live  in  Charlotte,  N.C. 

George  F.  Dutrow  '59,  M.F.  '60,  Ph.D.  70  con- 
tributed a  foreword  to  Timberkmd  Investments:  A  Port- 
folio Perspective,  published  by  Portland,  Oregon's  Tim- 
ber Press.  He  is  a  professor  with  Duke's  School  of  the 
Environment.  He  lives  in  Durham. 

Cheston  V.  "Chet"  Mottershead  '59  has 

been  appointed  executive  director  of  the  N.C.  Gover- 
nor's Advocacy  Council  for  Persons  with  Disabilities. 
He  is  president  of  Tri-County  Industries  in  Rocky 
Mount,  N.C. 


60s 


John  M.  Cunningham  A.M.  '60,  Ph.D.  '69  rep- 
resented Duke  at  the  inauguration  of  the  president  of 
Hollins  College  in  Virginia  in  April. 

Betsy  Schoenly  Terry  B.S.N.  '60  received  the 
Palmetto  Award,  the  highest  award  given  by  the  gov- 
ernor of  South  Carolina,  in  April  1991.  She  was  elected 
chair  of  the  S.C.  Arts  Commission  for  the  second 
time  in  July  1991.  She  and  her  husband,  Lewis,  live  in 
Easley,  S.C. 


Emily  R.  Warner  MAT.  '61,  a  teacher  at  Jordan 
High  School  in  Durham,  received  a  "Teacher-Scholar" 
grant  from  the  National  Endowment  for  the  Humani- 
ties and  the  DeWitt  Wallace-Reader's  Digest  Fund. 
She  will  receive  a  year-long  sabbatical  beginning  in 
the  fall  and  a  stipend  of  up  to  $30,000  to  undertake  a 
project  titled  "Southern  Women's  History."  Her  hus- 
band, Seth  L.  Warner,  is  a  Duke  mathematics  profes- 
sor. They  live  in  Durham. 


Alexander  '62,  B.D.  '66,  chancellor 
at  the  Univetsity  of  South  Carolina  at  Aiken,  was 
named  to  the  National  Advisory  Committee  on  stu- 
dent financial  assistance.  He  lives  in  Aiken. 


Deborah  P.  Christie  '62,  deputy  assistant  Secre- 
tary of  Defense  in  the  program  analysis  and  evaluation 
division,  has  been  named  by  President  Bush  as  a  reci- 
pient of  the  1991  Presidential  Distinguished  Rank 
Award.  She  lives  in  Arlington,  Va. 

Karl  M.  von  der  Heyden  '62  is  executive  vice 
president  and  chief  financial  officer,  RJR  Nabisco, 
Inc.  He  lives  in  Greenwich,  Conn. 

Edwin  Curley  Ph.D.  '63,  professor  of  philosophy 
at  the  University  of  Illinois  at  Chicago,  received  a 
grant  from  the  National  Endowment  for  the  Humani- 
ties to  conduct  a  summer  seminar  for  college  teachers 
on  17th-century  philosophers  Thomas  Hobbes  and 
Baruch  Spinoza.  He  was  elected  a  fellow  of  the  Amer- 
ican Academy  of  Arts  and  Sciences  in  1991  and  lives 
in  Evanston,  111. 

W.  Barker  French  '63,  a  partner  in  Brinker  Cap- 
ital Advisors,  is  the  manager  of  the  firm's  new  Pitts- 
burgh office.  He  is  a  past  president  of  the  Duke 
Alumni  Association. 

Stanly  Godbold  '63,  A.M.  '68,  Ph.D.  '70  was 
presented  the  Thomas  Wolfe  Literary  Award  by  the 
N.C.  Historical  Society  for  Confederate  Colonel  and 
Cherokee  Chief:  The  Life  of  William  Holland  Thomas, 
published  by  the  University  of  Tennessee  Press.  His 
co-author  on  the  book  was  the  late  Mattie  U.  Russell, 
retired  manuscripts  department  curator  of  Duke's 
Perkins  Library.  Godbold  teaches  Southern  history 
at  Mississippi  State  University. 

Bettie  Sue  Siler  Masters  Ph.D.  '63  received 
the  1991  Excellence  in  Science  Award  from  the  Fed- 
eration of  American  Societies  for  Experimental  Biol- 
ogy. She  is  biochemistry  chair  at  the  University  of 
Texas  Health  Center  at  San  Antonio. 

Helen  Evans  Misenheimer  A.M.  '63  has  been 
promoted  to  full  professor  of  languages  and  been  granted 
tenure  at  Emory  &  Henry  College  in  Emory,  Va. 

Lynn  Meister  Peterson  A.M.  '63,  associate 

professor  of  computer  science  engineering  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Texas  at  Arlington,  was  awatded  the  Robert 
Q.  Lee  Award  for  Excellence  in  Teaching. 

Wesley  M.  Thompson  '63  has  been  appointed 
president  of  Bristol-Myers  Squibb  Products  Interna- 
tional. He  oversees  the  company's  consumer  products 
operations  in  Asia,  Europe,  the  Middle  East,  and  Africa. 

Terry  Ashley  '64  is  working  in  genetics  at  Yale 
School  of  Medicine  as  a  National  Science  Foundation 
Visiting  Professor.  She  earned  her  Ph.D.  at  Florida 
State  University  in  1970. 

Charles  W.  Mertel  J.D.  '64  was  appointed  to  the 
King  County  Superior  Court  in  Washington.  He  is  a 
senior  partner  at  the  Seattle  law  firm  Short,  Cressman 
and  Burgess.  He  and  his  wife,  Nancy,  live  in  Seattle. 


J.  Nichols  '64,  professor  of  cinema  stud- 
ies at  San  Francisco  State  University  and  author  of 
several  books  on  film  theory,  is  the  author  of  Repre- 
senting Reality,  published  by  Indiana  University  Press. 
He  lives  in  Aptos,  Calif. 

Mary  Willis  Walker  '64,  a  full-time  writer,  is  the 

author  of  Zero  at  the  Bone,  published  by  St.  Martin's 
Press.  The  novel  has  been  nominated  for  Mystery 
Writers  of  America's  Edgar  Allen  Poe  Award  and 
Malice  Domestic's  Agatha  Award  for  Best  First  Novel 
of  the  Year  1991.  Japanese  translation  rights  for  the 
book  have  been  sold  to  Kodansha  Publishing.  She  and 
her  husband,  Edward,  have  one  daughter  and  live  in 
Austin,  Texas. 


STAYING  IN  SHAPE 


From  flattering 
exercise  wear  to 
socks  that  don't 
fall  down,  current  fash- 
ion trends — both  prac- 
tical and  playful — owe 
a  lot  of  their  staying 
power  to  Joseph  C. 
Shivers  '42,  A.M.  '43, 
Ph.D.  '47. 

The  former  chem- 
istry major  helped 
invent  Lycra,  also 
called  Spandex,  and 
the  clothing  industry 
hasn't  been  the  same 
since.  Bathing  suits 
and  biking  shorts  bene- 
fit most  evidently  from 
fabric  that  stretches 
every  which  way  and 
back  again,  but  Lycra's 
utilitarian  applications 
extend  to  socks,  panty- 
hose, underwear,  and 
casual  wear. 

After  graduation, 
Shivers  went  to  work 
at  DuPont's  pioneering 
research  lab  in  the  com- 
pany's textile  fibers 
department  Although 
he  had  no  knowledge 
of  synthetic  fibers  at 
the  time,  he  calls  the 
move  "one  of  the  most 
fortunate  decisions  I 
made  during  my  pro- 
fessional career." 

It  was  there  that  he 


Shivers:  inventor  of form-fitting  fibers 


manufactured  fiber  that 
could  be  pulled  and 
twisted  but  still  return 
to  its  original  shape.  It's 
been  such  a  success 
that  DuPont's  synthetic 
fiber  division  is  now  the 
company's  most  prof- 
itable component. 
Fittingly,  Sports 
Illustrated  focused  on 
Shivers'  invention  in 
its  famous  swimsuit 
issue  a  few  years  ago. 
Nearly  all  American- 
made  women's  suits 


contain  enough  Lycra 
to  span  seven-and-a- 
half  miles  when  unrav- 
eled, although  in  their 
woven  state  the  gar- 
ments are  appreciably 
smaller.  And  it  doesn't 
take  much  to  keep 
figures  looking  firm:  A 
Lycra-containing  fabric 
rarely  contains  more 
than  25  percent  of  the 
wonder  fiber. 

Now  that  he's  retired 
from  DuPont,  Shivers 
and  his  wife,  Margaret 


Warren  Shivers  '44, 
A.M.  '45,  enjoy  travel- 
ing, gardening,  reading, 
and  wine-tasting.  On 
his  daily  walks,  Shivers 
sometimes  sees  men 
sporting  Lycra  tights, 
but  he  says  he  would 
never  don  a  pair  him- 
self. "The  only  Lycra  I 
have,"  he  once  told  a 
reporter,  "is  on  the  tops 
of  my  socks  and  my 
shorts." 


Alan  D.  Watson  '64,  professor  of  history  at  UNC- 
Wilmington,  is  the  author  of  Wilmington:  Port  of  North 
Carolina,  published  by  University  of  South  Carolina 
Press. 


O.  Randolph  Rollins  '65,  J.D.  '68  was  appointed 
Virginia's  secretary  of  public  safety  in  March. 

Frank  M.  Mock  '66,  J.D.  '69  is  a  partner  in  the 
Orlando  office  of  the  national  law  firm  Baker  6k 
Hostetler. 

Paul  J.  Baker  '67,  a  member  of  the  educational 
administrations  and  foundations  faculty  at  Illinois 
State  University,  has  been  named  an  I.S.U.  Distin- 
guished Professor. 

John  R.  Hannon  '67  has  been  named  a  chartered 
financial  analyst  by  the  Institute  of  Chartered  Finan- 
cial Analysts  in  Charlottesville,  Va.  He  lives  in  Rose- 
land,  N.J. 

Thomas  A.  Jorgensen  LL.B.  '67  has  been 
appointed  to  the  executive  committee  of  the  law  firm 
Calfee,  Halter  &  Griswold  in  Cleveland,  Ohio.  He 
specializes  in  employee  benefits  and  executive  com- 
pensation. He  lives  in  Cleveland. 

Richard  J.  Whitley  '67,  a  pediatric  virologist,  is 
the  first  holder  of  the  University  of  Alabama-Birm- 
ingham's Loeb  Eminent  Scholar  Chair  in  Pediatrics. 
He  has  worked  at  UAB  since  earning  his  M.D.  from 
George  Washington  University's  medical  school 
in  1971. 

Kent  A.  Zaiser  '67  has  joined  the  firm  Foley 
6k  Lardner  as  partner,  based  in  Tallahassee,  Fla.  He 
practices  administrative,  environmental,  and  real 
property  law. 


Mike  W.  Collier  '68,  a  State  Farm  Insurance  agent, 
has  received  the  President's  Club  Trophy,  the  com- 
pany's highest  honor,  given  to  two  out  of  18,000 
agents  nationwide  in  1991. 


D.  Hardekopf  '68  has  been  named  a 
diplomate  of  the  American  Board  of  Periodontology. 
He  has  joined  Albuquetque  Periodontal  Consultants 
in  Albuquerque,  N.M.  He  retires  from  the  U.S. 
Navy  this  year.  He  and  his  wife,  Celia  Mulane 
Hardekopf  '70,  and  their  three  childten  live  in 
Albuquerque. 

Thomas  James  III  '68  is  medical  director  of  The 
Travelers  Managed  Care  System  for  the  Norfolk- 
Richmond-Washington-Baltimore  area.  He  and  his 
wife,  Marcia,  and  their  son  live  in  Virginia  Beach,  Va. 

Sara  Wolfe  Stuckey  M.Ed.  '68  has  been  named 
Providence  Hospital's  Nurse  of  the  Year  for  1992.  A 
cardiac  nurse  in  the  hospital's  Intermediate  Medical 
Coronary  Unit,  she  has  worked  at  Providence  since 
receiving  her  B.S.  in  nursing  from  the  University  of 
South  Carolina  in  1986.  She  and  her  two  children 
live  in  Forest  Acres,  R.l. 

Steven  E.  Lindberg  '69  is  associate  editor  of 
Environmental  Reviews,  a  new  journal  to  be  published 
in  late  1992  by  the  National  Research  Council  of 
Canada.  He  is  a  senior  environmental  sciences 
research  staff  memhet  at  the  Department  of  Energy's 
Oak  Ridge  National  Laboratory.  He  and  his  wife,  Kay, 
have  one  daughter  and  live  in  Kingston,  Tenn. 

Ronald  H.  Neill  J.D.  '69  has  been  appointed  to 
the  executive  committee  of  the  law  firm  Calfee,  Hal- 
ter 6k  Griswold  in  Cleveland,  Ohio.  He  specializes  in 
corporate  law. 


21 


MARRIAGES:  Cathryn  L. 

David  W.  Gomes  on  Feb.  1 .  Residence:  Jamaica  Plain, 


BIRTHS:  A  son  to  Thomas  James  III  '68  and 

Marcia  James  on  Dec.  22,  1989.  Named  Thomas 
James  IV. . .  A  daughter  to  Rodney  C.  Pitts  '68 

and  Elizabeth  R.  Pitts  on  Jan.  18, 1991.  Named 
Elizabeth  Bryan. 


70s 


J.  Barry  Boyd  70  chairs  the  department  of  plastic 
surgery  at  Winter  Park  Memorial  Hospital  in  Winter 
Park,  Fla.  He  was  elected  president  of  the  Fla.  Cleft 
Palate  and  Craniofacial  Association  in  January.  He 
lives  in  Winter  Park. 

Harold  J.  Brody  '70  is  the  author  of  Chemical 
Peeling,  a  medical  textbook  on  skin  rejuvenation  in 
dermatologic  surgery,  published  by  Mosby-Year  Book. 
He  is  an  associate  clinical  professor  of  dermatology  at 
Emory  University's  medical  school  in  Atlanta. 

Kevin  B.  Byrne  A.M.  70,  Ph.D.  74  represented 
Duke  at  the  inauguration  of  the  president  of  Gustavus 
Adolphus  College  in  St.  Peter,  Minn. 

John  A.  Diffey  70  has  been  named  president  of 
The  Kendal  Corp.,  a  continuing  care  adult  commu- 
nity in  Kennett  Square,  Pa.  He  and  his  wife,  Martha, 
and  their  two  children  live  in  Kennett  Square. 


Payne  70  is  the  co-author  of  The  Healing 
Power  of  Doing  Good,  published  in  January  by  Fawcett 
Columbine.  The  book  is  a  Literary  Guild  selection. 
She  lives  in  Raleigh,  N.C. 

John  R.  Sanders  70,  a  U.S.  Navy  captain,  was 
awarded  the  Distinguished  Flying  Cross,  the  Bronze 
Star,  and  three  Air  Medals  for  combat  action  during 
Operation  Desert  Storm.  He  was  commanding  officer  of 
Attack  Squadron  72  on  board  the  USS  John  F.  Kennedy. 
He  is  currently  deployed  in  the  Mediterranean. 


71  is  a  program  evalua- 
tion manager  with  the  Occupational  Safety  and  Health 
Administration  in  Washington,  DC.  She  and  her 
husband,  Tom  White,  and  their  two  sons  live  in 
Washington. 

David  R.  Lind  71  was  recognized  in  The  Wail 
Street  Journal  as  a  "Leader  in  1991"  for  CB  Commer- 
cial Real  Estate  Group  in  Torrance,  Calif. 

Albert  A.  Bell  Jr.  A.M.  72  is  the  co-author  of 
Resources  in  Ancient  Philosophy,  published  in  Decem- 
ber 1991.  He  is  a  classics  and  history  professor  at 
Hope  College  in  Holland,  Mich.  He  and  his  wife, 
Betty  Jo,  have  four  children  and  live  in  Holland. 


Mark  J.  Brenner  72  is  chief  of  radiation  oncol- 
ogy at  Sinai  Hospital.  He  and  his  wife,  Jean,  and  their 
two  children  live  in  Baltimore,  Md. 

Marie  M.  Fortune  72,  founder  and  executive 
director  of  the  Center  for  the  Prevention  of  Sexual 
Violence,  received  the  honorary  degree  of  Doctor  of 
Humane  Letters  from  Starr  King  School  in  Berkeley, 
Calif.  She  also  received  the  Award  for  Distinction  to 
the  Community  in  February.  She  lives  in  Seattle, 
Wash. 

Mary  Brady  Greenawalt  72  i 

fessor  at  The  Citadel.  Her  husband, " 
Greenawalt  M.Div.  72,  is  a  contractor.  They  live 
in  Summerville,  S.C. 

Jean  E.  Hoysradt  72  was  named  senior  vice 
president  and  head  of  the  investment  department  of 
the  New  York  Life  Insurance  Co.  She  and  her  hus- 
band, Timothy  J.  Corey,  and  their  two  children  live 
in  Hohokus,  N.J. 


Clinton  F.  Miller  II  M.D.  72  is  a  partner  in  Miller 
6»  Palacio  Neurosurgery,  P.C.,  in  Portsmouth,  N.H. 
He  and  his  wife,  Adele,  live  in  Greenland,  N.H. 


N.  Yates  A.M.  72  is  manager  of  commu- 
i  for  the  Elkhart,  Ind.,  area  site  of  Miles  Inc., 
i  health  care  and  imaging  technologies  company. 


D.  Henderson  73  is  vice  presider 
Smith  Barney's  Chicago  office. 


M.  Hines  73,  a  professor  of  psychology 
at  Pace  University  in  Pleasantville,  N.Y.,  will  spend 
the  1992-93  and  1993-94  academic  years  in  Warsaw, 
Poland.  He  will  be  a  visiting  researcher  in  the  neuro- 
physiology department  at  the  Nencki  Institute  of 
Experimental  Biology  in  the  psychology  department 
of  the  University  of  Warsaw. 

Shirley  F.  Weiss  Ph.D.  73  was  recognized  in 
April  at  the  Chapel  Hill  department  of  city  and 
regional  planning's  45th  anniversary  celebration.  A 
professor  emerita  at  UNC-Chapel  Hill,  she  is  nation- 
ally recognized  for  her  contributions  to  the  study  of 
land  use  and  development  patterns. 

Mary  Elizabeth  Markham  Almeda  74, 

M.Ed.  75,  director  of  independent  study  for  the  Uni- 
versity of  California  Extension,  has  been  named 
director  of  the  Center  for  Media  and  Independent 
Learning  for  the  university  extension  division. 

John  B.  Ford  74  has  been  named  senior  vice 
president  of  programming  for  The  Learning  Channel, 
a  subsidiary  of  Discovery  Communications  in  Bethesda, 
Md.  He  and  his  wife,  Margaret,  and  their  two  children 
live  in  Silver  Spring,  Md. 


L.  Mohler  75,  a  biology  professor ; 
UNC-Chapel  Hill,  has  discovered  a  c 
system  between  cancer  cells  that  may  teach  scientists 
how  to  prevent  cancer  from  spreading  through  the 
body.  His  findings  were  published  in  a  laboratory 
study  report  in  an  April  issue  of  Cancer  Research. 

Royce  L.B.  Morris  Ph.D.  75,  professor  at  Emory 
&  Henry  College,  presented  a  paper,  "Ecclesiastical 
Officials  in  the  Papryi:  The  Deacons,"  to  the  Ameri- 
can Academy  of  Religion. 

Mark  H.  Spellman  75  received  his  LL.M.  in 
government  procurement  from  the  National  Law 
Center  of  George  Washington  University  in  Febru- 
ary. He  and  his  wife,  Jo,  have  two  daughters  and  live 
in  Gaithersburg,  Md. 


76  was  promoted  to 
associate  professor  of  exercise  and  sport  studies  at 
Smith  College  in  Northampton,  Mass.  She  joined  the 
faculty  in  1984. 

Raymond  John  Etcheverry  J.D.  76  repre- 
sented Duke  at  the  inauguration  of  the  president  of 
the  University  of  Utah.  He  lives  in  Salt  Lake  City. 

Brian  H.  Fluck  76  is  assistant  treasurer  of  AT&T 
in  Berkeley  Heights,  N.J.  He  lives  in  Morristown,  N.J. 

Alvin  O.  Jackson  M.Div.  76  is  senior  pastor  at 
Mississippi  Boulevard  Christian  Church  in  Memphis, 
Tenn.,  the  largest  Disciples  of  Christ  Church  in  North 
America. 


O'Hanlan  76  is  associate  director 
of  the  Gynecologic  Cancer  Service  at  Stanford  Uni- 
versity Medical  Center.  She  and  her  husband,  Leonie 
Walker,  live  in  Portola  Valley,  Calif. 

Stephen  Wise  Unger  M.D.  76  is  co-author  of  a 
Surgical  Endoscopy  article  on  the  laparoscopic  approach 
to  gallstones  in  the  morbidly  obese  patient.  He  and 
his  wife,  Beverly,  live  in  Miami  Beach,  Fla. 

Sidney  D.  Fowler  M.Div.  77  is  editor  for  cur- 
riculum resources  for  United  Church  Press  in  a 
national  office  of  the  United  Church  of  Christ  in 
Cleveland,  Ohio. 


Kimberly  A.  Yelkin  77  is  a  partner  at  Akin, 
Gump,  Hauer  &.  Feld,  L.L.P.,  in  Austin,  Texas. 


George  Anlyan  Jr.  J.D.  78  was 
named  vice  chancellor  for  advancement  at  UNC- 
Wilmington.  He  was  associate  director  of  develop- 
ment at  the  North  Carolina  Museum  of  Art  in 
Raleigh.  He  and  his  wife,  Elaine  Russos,  and  their 
three  children  live  in  Cary,  N.C. 


J.  Benson  A.M.  78,  Ph.D.  '84  has  been 
named  interim  chancellor  of  N.C.  Central  Univer- 
sity. A  scholar  of  American  and  African- American 
history,  she  was  an  assistant  vice  president  for  aca- 
demic affairs  and  an  associate  vice  president  of  UNC's 
General  Administration.  She  lives  in  Durham. 


Dawn  London  Blanchard  78  is  co-chairing 
the  planning  committee  for  her  class'  1993  reunion. 
She  and  her  husband,  John,  and  their  three  children 
live  in  Mebane,  N.C. 

Gary  Evoniuk  78,  Ph.D.  '84  is  a  senior  clinical 
research  scientist  for  Glaxo,  Inc.,  in  Research  Trian- 
gle Park,  N.C.  He  and  his  wife,  Melony,  have  one 
daughter  and  live  in  Durham. 

Kevin  H.  Baxter  79  received  his  master's  degree 
from  the  Naval  Postgraduate  School  in  Monterey,  Calif. 


79  is  group  vice  president  for 
graphics  and  advanced  media  at  NEC  Technologies 
in  Wood  Dale,  111. 

Terry  Hanson  M.H.A.  79  was  named  vice  presi- 
dent for  construction  and  property  management  at 
Children's  Hospital  Medical  Center  of  Akron,  Ohio. 
He  leads  the  hospital's  modernization  and  renovation 
project. 


S.  Harman  79  is  associate  director  (chief 
counsel)  of  the  Securities  and  Exchange  Commission's 
division  of  investment  management.  He  began  work- 
ing for  the  commission  shortly  after  receiving  his  J.D. 
from  the  University  of  Virginia's  law  school  in  1982. 

Christopher  A.  Lause  79  has  been  named  a 
partner  in  the  international  law  firm  Seyfarth,  Shaw, 
FairWeather  &  Geraldson.  He  lives  in  Chicago. 

David  C.  Lipps  79  is  a  staff  neurologist  at  Madi- 
gan  Army  Medical  Center  in  Tacoma,  Wash.  He  and 
his  wife,  Audrey  Wing  Lipps  79,  have  one 
daughter  and  live  in  Puyallup,  Wash. 

Kevin  R.  Merritt  79  is  a  partner  in  the  Phoenix, 
Ariz.,  law  firm  Gammage  6k  Burnham.  His  practice 
areas  include  commercial  lending,  corporate  law,  and 
taxation. 


'79  was  named  a  fellow  of  the 
American  Academy  of  Orthopaedic  Surgeons  during 
their  annual  meeting  in  February.  He  lives  in  Mt. 
Lebanon,  Pa. 

Thomas  L.  Whitehair  BSE.  79  is  an  advertis- 
ing account  executive  specializing  in  biomedical 
accounts  with  the  Lawson  Marketing  Group.  He  and 
his  wife,  Anne,  and  their  son  live  in  Irvine,  Calif. 


MARRIAGES:  Katherine  A.  O'Hanlan  76  to 

Leonie  Adele  Walker  in  November  1990.  Residence: 
Portola  Valley,  Calif. ...  Mary  E.  Lockey  78  to 
Gary  M.  Smith  78,  M.Div.  '81  on  Feb.  29.  Resi- 
dence: High  Point,  N.C. 

BIRTHS:  First  child  and  son  to  Anne  Taylor 
McCartt  70  and  Michael  Curcio  on  May  3,  1991. 
Named  Christopher  Michael. . .  Second  son  to 
Elizabeth  W.  Ehinger  71  and  Tom  White  on 
Nov.  16.  Named  Stephen  Ehinger  White. . .  Fourth 
child  and  third  son  to  John  A.  Howell  72,  J.D. 
75  and  Regina  Howell  on  Sept.  10.  Named  Stephen 
Daniel. . .  Second  child  and  first  son  to  John  B.  Ford 


22 


74  and  Margaret  Smith  Ford  on  March  2.  Named  Colli 
Steven...  Third  son  to  Kim  Kingzett  Behm 
B.S.N.  76  on  Feb.  26.  Named  Patrick  McHugh... 
First  child  and  daughter  to  Ellen  Humphries 
Chartock  77  and  Lee  Chartock  on  Dec.  27. 
Named  Violette  Ruth. ..  Third  child  and  second  son 
to  Dawn  London  Blanchard  78  and  John 
Blanchard  on  Dec.  20.  Named  Gabriel  John...  Sec- 
ond child  and  daughter  to  James  Th< 
J.D  78  and  Jane  C.  Irby  on  Nov.  13.  Named  Ar 
Shirley  Jones. . .  First  child  and  daughter  to  I 
Hollister  Brown  Cox  79  and  Brian  L.  Cox  on 
Feb.  17.  Named  Leslie  Ann...  Second  child  and 
daughter  to  James  D.  Warren  79  and  Laura 
Bowles  Warren  on  April  22.  Named  Colleen  Bowles. . . 
First  child  and  son  to  Thomas  L.  Whitehair 
B.S.E.  79  and  Anne  Whitehair  on  Nov.  15.  Named 
Christian  Oren. 


80s 


has  been 

named  a  partner  in  the  Washington,  DC,  law  firm 
Kleinfeld,  Kaplan  and  Becker.  She  and  her  husband, 
John,  live  on  Washington's  Capitol  Hill. 

Lauren  Gold  Grien  '80  has  been  named  a  partner 
in  the  Atlanta  law  firm  Alston  &  Bird,  where  she  is  a 
member  of  the  business  and  finance  department.  She 
and  her  husband,  Jim,  and  their  two  daughters  live  in 
Atlanta. 


By  '80  has  been  named  a  partner  in 
the  Charleston,  S.C,  office  of  Sinkler  &  Boyd,  P.A. 
He  specializes  in  the  representation  of  creditors  in 
workouts,  collection,  and  bankruptcy.  His  wife, 
Saida  Alexander  Huey  '80,  is  the  executive 
director  of  Charleston  County's  Cities-in-Schools, 
providing  high  school  students  with  small  classroom 
environments  and  counseling  services.  She  is  a  lieu- 
tenant commander  in  the  U.S.  Naval  Reserve.  They 
live  in  Mt.  Pleasant,  S.C. 

Stephen  M.  Hunt  B.S.E.  '80  relocated  with 
Fighter  Squadron  31  to  Naval  Air  Station  Miramar 
in  San  Diego,  Calif. 

J.  Randall  Minchew  '80  has  been  named  a 
partner  in  the  Virginia  law  firm  of  Hazel  &  Thomas. 
He  lives  in  Falls  Church,  Va. 

Robert  P.  Riordan  '80,  J.D.  '84  has  been  named 
a  partner  in  the  Atlanta  law  firm  Alston  &  Bird, 
where  he  is  a  member  of  the  labor  department.  He 
lives  in  Atlanta. 

James  C.  Vanderwist  '80  is  a  partner  in  the 
Cleveland  law  firm  Calfee,  Halter  &  Griswold.  He 
practices  general  corporate  law  with  emphasis  on 
mergers,  acquisitions,  and  divestitures.  He  lives  in 
Solon,  Ohio. 

Henri  F.  Van  Ryn  '80  is  a  consumer  marketing 
account  executive  for  Manatee  Memorial  Hospital  in 
Bradenton,  Fla. 

Barbara  Alden  Hey  ward  '81  was  the  photogra- 
pher for  the  exhibition  "Nature  Photographs  from  the 
Adirondack  Mountains,"  displayed  from  Feb.  15  to 
March  15  in  the  Duke  Medical  Center. 

Terri  Lynn  Mascherin  '81  is  a  partner  in  the 
Chicago  law  firm  Jenner  &.  Block,  where  she  has  prac- 
ticed, concentrating  on  civil  and  criminal  legislation, 
since  graduating  from  Northwestern  University's  law 
school  in  1984.  She  and  her  husband,  Thomas  Aben- 
droth,  live  in  Chicago. 

Lorraine  E.  Pare  '81,  a  pathologist  at  Memorial 
Medical  Center  in  Savannah,  Ga.,  was  elected  a  fellow 
of  the  College  of  American  Pathologists. 


Elizabeth  Franke  Stevens  '81 

director  of  the  Southern  Center  for  Conservation 
Biology  at  Zoo  Atlanta.  She  lives  with  her  husband, 
Emest,  and  son  in  Lawrenceville,  Ga. 


F.  Christian  Zinkhan  M.B.A.  '81,  M.F.  '81  is  a 
co-author  of  Timberkuvl  Investments:  A  Portfolio  Per- 
spective, published  by  Portland,  Oregon's  Timber 
Press.  He  is  an  associate  professor  and  chair  of  Camp- 
bell University's  financial  planning  and  accounting 
department.  He  lives  in  Buies  Creek,  N.C. 

David  Bickar  Ph.D.  '82  is  associate  professor  of 
chemistry  at  Smith  College  in  Northampton,  Mass. 
He  began  teaching  at  the  college  in  1986. 


Kevin  P.  Conlin  M.H.A.  '82  is  president  and  CEO 
of  Hotel  Dieu  in  New  Orleans,  La.  He  and  his  wife, 
Linda,  have  a  daughter  and  live  in  New  Orleans. 

Daniel  Joseph  Hasler  M.B.A.  '82  is  marketing 
director  at  Eli  Lilly  and  Co.  in  Indianapolis,  Ind.  His 

wife,  Katherine  Vasu  Hasler  '82,  is  manager 

and  vice  president  of  corporate  lending  at  National 
City  Bank.  They  live  with  their  son  in  Indianapolis. 

Paul  T.  Heinsohn  '82  is  regional  vice  president 
of  Boston  Financial  Property  Management,  a  division 
of  The  Boston  Financial  Group. 


n  Lock  '82,  a  certified  family  law  spe- 
cialist, has  opened  her  own  law  office,  Biles  and  Lock, 
in  Denton,  Texas.  She  lives  in  Dallas. 


1991        1992 

Another  Championship  Year 


On  and  off  the  court, 
1991-92  was  a 
championship  year  Jin- 
Duke.  Because  of  your 
dues  support,  the  Duke 
Alumni  Association 
has  enjoyed  success  as 
well.  Your  dues  dollars 
make  possible  a  wide 
range  of  alumni 
programs  and  services, 
such  as  clubs,  reunions, 
Duke  Magazine,  and 
student  scholarships. 


Life  Membership 

in  Duke  Alumni  Association 

Life  Membership  contributions  last  beyond 
the  lifetime  of  Alumni  Association  members; 
they  help  form  a  permanent  fund  for  future 
alumni  programming.  In  the  inaugural  year 
of  the  Life  Membership  program  last  year, 
more  than  650  alumni  joined. 

Join  now  through  June  30,  1993, 
and  become  a  charter  member. 
Benefits  include: 

•  Guaranteed  receipt  of  Duke  Magazine 
■  No  more  annual  dues  solicitations 

'  Payment  is  tax-deductible 
'  Charter  membership  certificate  and 
permanent  membership  card 

•  Eligible  for  corporate  matching  funds 

Join  now  to  be  eligible  for  a  life  membership 
drawing  to  be  held  Homexx>ming  week  in 
October.  The  Grand  Prize  is  a  Duke  Basket- 
ball Championship  Watch  made  by  Seiko. 

Dues  should  not  be  confused  with  Duke  Annual  Fund 
contributions.  Both  programs  are  important  to  the  university 
but  meet  different  needs. 


Special  Capacity,  published  in  March  1992  by  Inter- 
mezzo Press.  He  lives  in  New  York  City. 

Chris  T.  Horgan  '86,  MB. A.  '90  has  joined  the  cor- 
porate finance  division  of  Credit  Suisse  as  senior  ana- 
lyst for  both  the  Los  Angeles  and  San  Francisco  offices. 
He  and  his  wife,  Kris,  live  in  Thousand  Oaks,  Calif. 

Sheryl  Libman  '86  lives  and  works  in  Israel. 

Karen  Starr  Marx  '86  is  an  associate  at  Alley 
Maass  Rogers  and  Lindsay  in  Palm  Beach,  Fla.  She 
earned  her  law  degree  from  the  University  of  Florida's 
law  school  in  1989. 

Matthew  McWright  '86  is  a  predoctoral  intern 
in  clinical  psychology  at  Union  Memorial  Hospital  in 
Baltimore,  Md.  He  is  completing  his  doctorate  at  the 
University  of  Denver. 

Adam  J.  Morgan  '86  is  an  attorney  at  White  & 
Case  in  New  York  City. 

Robin  Rudd  Smith  '86  teaches  in  the  biology 
department  at  Florida  State  University.  She  is  in 
charge  of  an  outreach  program  in  marine  biology  for 
area  middle  school  students.  She  and  her  husband, 

Kenneth  Nathaniel  Smith  '85,  and  their  son 
live  in  Tallahassee. 

Debra  Dee  Murray  Stewart  BSE.  '86  is  a 

senior  associate  engineer  at  IBM.  She  and  her  hus- 
band, Bret,  live  in  Austin,  Texas. 

Billie  S.  Walden  B.S.E.  '86  has  earned  her  mas- 
ter's degree  from  the  Naval  Postgraduate  School  in 
Monterey,  Calif. 


Samuel  Wang  '86  is  a  senior  associate  with 
Robinson,  Lake,  Lerer  6k  Montgomery,  a  strategic 
communications  firm  with  offices  in  New  York  and 


Washington,  D.C.  He  earned  his  degree  in  interna- 
tional business  and  marketing  at  Columbia  Business 
School. 


E.  Blaine  '87  is  a  law  student  at  the 
University  of  Connecticut.  He  and  his  wife,  Carolyn, 
have  a  daughter  and  a  son  and  live  in  Bristol,  Conn. 

Elizabeth  Sabatini  Coyne  '87  is  an  interna- 
tional systems  training  analyst  with  United  Parcel 
Service  in  Mahwah,  N.J.  She  and  her  husband,  Mike, 
live  in  Ramsey,  N.J. 

Jon  Russell  Henry  '87,  A.M.  '91  has  been 
named  associate  director  of  annual  giving  at  Good 
Samaritan  Hospital  Foundation.  He  will  be  responsi- 
ble for  donor  acquisitions  and  renewals,  the  annual 
golf  tournament,  and  the  employee  giving  campaign. 
He  lives  in  Atherton,  Calif. 


N.  Mabry  M.H.A.  '87  joined  the  Charlotte 
headquarters  of  The  Duke  Endowment  staff  as  associ- 
ate director  of  the  hospital  division. 

Michael  Peacock  B.S.E.  '87  is  first  vice  presi- 
dent for  investments  at  Smith  Barney  in  Boston. 


A.  "Tucker"  Ronzetti  III  87,  who 

earned  his  J. D.  from  the  University  of  Miami's  law 
school,  is  a  law  clerk  in  the  Federal  District  Court  for 
the  Southern  District  of  Florida.  He  and  his  wife, 
Nancy  Dennebaum  Ronzetti  '87,  have  one 
son  and  live  in  Miami. 

Elizabeth  Mezines  Yeonas  '87  is  an  attorney 
at  the  Washington,  D.C,  firm  Baker  and  Hastetler. 
She  and  her  husband,  Stephen,  live  in  Bethesda,  Md. 

Edra  Abramson  '88  received  her  M.D.  from  Bay- 
lor College  of  Medicine  in  Houston,  Texas,  in  May. 
She  is  an  ophthalmology  resident  at  Southwestern 
Medical  School  in  Dallas. 


J.  Scott  Calvert  B.S.E.  '88  returned  to  the  U.S. 
in  February  from  a  seven-month  deployment  to  the 
Mediterranean  Sea  and  the  Middle  East.  He  was  relo- 
cated to  San  Diego,  Calif.,  where  he  flies  the  F-14D, 
the  Navy's  newest  fighter,  and  lives  with  his  wife, 
Wendy  Krys. 

Marc  D.  Carpenter  '88  received  an  MA.  in 
psychology,  specializing  in  developmental  disabilities, 
from  the  University  of  Vermont.  He  is  completing 
coursework  requirements  for  the  Ph.D.  He  and  his 

wife,  Gena  Sebastian  Carpenter  '89,  have 

two  sons  and  live  in  Burlington,  Vt. 

Kristin  Adams  Kelly  '88  is  a  program  specialist 
in  the  literature  program  of  the  National  Endowment 
for  the  Arts  in  Washington,  D.C.  She  lives  in  Arling- 
ton, Va. 

Carol  Madren  Klenke  '88,  who  earned  her 

M.B.A.  in  marketing  at  the  Indiana  University  Grad- 
uate School  of  Business,  works  in  the  marketing  divi- 
sion of  Hibernia  National  Bank  as  a  customer  devel- 
opment analyst.  She  and  her  husband,  Joseph,  live  in 
New  Orleans. 

Christopher  M.  Olson  '88  is  serving  the  Navy  as 
Flag  Lieutenant  for  Commander,  Cruiser  Destroyer 
Group-2,  based  in  Charleston,  S.C.  He  was  deployed 
aboard  the  aircraft  carrier  USS  America  in  the  Ara- 
bian Gulf  until  June. 

Gary  R.  Pierce  M.B.A.  '88  is  plant  manager  for 
Magnox  Inc.,  a  manufacturer  of  magnetic  iron  oxide 
powder  in  Pulaski,  Va.  He  lives  in  Radford,  Va. 

Tracey  Fisher  Reimann  '88  is  an  operations 

analyst  in  the  Medicare  B  program  at  Blue  Cross  and 
Blue  Shield  of  Florida.  She  is  affiliated  with  the  Navy 
Reserve  unit  at  the  naval  air  station  at  Jacksonville. 
She  and  her  husband,  Thomas,  live  in  Jacksonville. 


2nd  Commemorative  Alumni  Edition 

Wear  The  Pride  And  Feel  The  Spirit 

Recreated  to  commemorate  the  "Back-To-  Back"  National  Basketball 
Championships  and  fully  endorsed  by  the  Department  of  Alumni  Affairs,  the 
beautiful  2nd  Edition  Commemorative  Shirts  are  a  source  of  pride  for  every 
alum  and  Duke  fan. 

Each  shirt  is  made  of  heavyweight,  high-cotton  fleece  with  the  Official 
Commemorative  Seal  fully  embroidered  on  the  front  and  the  Official 
Alumni  Seal  with  the  Duke  Basketball  "D"  on  the  right  sleeve. 

A  portion  of  the  proceeds  from  the  sale  of  the  Commemorative 
Alumni  Edition  shirts  will  be  used  to  benefit  a  graduate 
scholarship  for  all  qualified  Duke  athletes. 

"I  felt  such  a  real  sense  of  being  a  part  of  the 
group  with  it  on. " 

Dot  tie  Martin 

North  Carolina's  First  Lady 

Colors:  Cream,  Navy 
Sizes:  Medium,  Large,  X-Large 
Option:  Also  available  with  Class  of  '92  instead 
of  Basketball  "D"in  the  Alumni  Seal 

Price:  $  75.00 

Postage  and  handling;  $5.00 

To  Order:  Call  1-800  -VIA-DUKE 


Mary  Penrod  Ruggiero  '88  and  her  husband, 
Robert  Ruggiero  Jr.  '88,  received  their  medical 
degrees  from  Thomas  Jefferson  Medical  College  in 
June.  She  is  a  pediatrics  resident  at  St.  Christopher's 
Hospital  for  Children  in  Philadelphia  and  he  is  an 
orthopaedic  surgery  resident  at  Hahnemann  Univer- 
sity in  Philadelphia.  They  live  in  Strafford,  Pa. 

Jeffrey  M.  Siminoff  '88  graduated  from  Emory 
Law  School  in  May  1991  after  being  named  to  the 
Order  of  the  Barristers  and  receiving  the  James  C. 
Pratt  Award  for  the  most  outstanding  member  of 
Moot  Court  Society.  He  will  become  an  associate 
with  the  Morristown,  N.J.,  firm  Riker,  Danzig, 
Scherer,  Hyland  &  Perretti  in  the  fall. 

Nancy  Block  Whitesides  '88  completed  her 
M.S.  in  rehabilitation  counseling  at  Georgia  State 
University  in  Atlanta.  She  and  her  husband,  Lee,  live 
in  New  York. 

Troy  Arnold  III  '89  is  studying  product  design 
at  the  Art  Center  College  of  Design  in  Pasadena, 
Calif.,  and  is  planning  an  internship  in  Europe  in  the 
next  year. 

Marjorie  "Meg"  Garlinghouse  '89  returned 
from  Niger,  Africa,  where  she  served  as  a  Peace  Corps 
volunteer  for  two  years. 

Dana  Alice  King  '89  is  assistant  director  of  adver- 
tising at  The  New  School  for  Social  Research  in  New 
York  City.  She  coordinates  advertising  plans,  budgets, 
and  market  research  for  the  university's  six  divisions. 
She  and  her  husband,  Stephen  Lichtenstein,  live  in 
Harrison,  N.Y. 


lir  '89  is  the  Northeastern  regional 
sales  manager  for  Vail  Associates,  Inc.  She  lives  in 
Vail,  Colo. 

Ashlyn  Sowell  '89,  who  earned  her  master's  in 
special  education  at  UNC-Chapel  Hill,  is  a  child  life 
specialist  at  The  Johns  Hopkins  Medical  Center  in 
Baltimore. 


Carl  Westman  '89,  an  actuarial  associate  with 
Aetna  Life  and  Casualty  in  Hartford,  Conn.,  has  been 
named  an  Associate  of  the  Society  of  Actuaries 
(ASA).  He  lives  in  Middletown,  Conn. 

MARRIAGES:  Donald  P.  Bassell  '80  to  Sharon 
Goldsmith  on  Oct.  13,  1990.  Residence:  Tallahassee, 
Ha...  George  E.  Northrop  '80  to  L.  Tucker 
Bass  '86  on  Nov.  30.  Residence:  Dallas. . .  Beth 
Allison  Cohen  '84  to  Brad  Nelson  Besner 
'84  on  Sept.  28.  Residence:  Miami. . .  Alice  H. 
Babcock  '85  to  Frederick  W.  Pearce  on  Dec.  31. 
Residence:  New  York  City...  Cathleen  Frances 
Coyle  '85  to  Brendan  W.  Randall.  Residence:  Fari- 
bault, Minn....  Felix  D.  Klebe  B.S.C.E.  '85  to 
Laura  Ann  Russell  on  Sept.  21.  Residence,  Midland, 
Mich...  Nancy  Meister  '85  to  Andrew  Henschel 
on  Oct.  19.  Residence:  Miami  Beach...  L.  Tucker 
Bass  '86  to  George  E.  Northrop  '80  on  Nov. 
30.  Residence:  Dallas...  Benjamin  Buchanan 
Duke  '86  to  Anne  LaBarr  Lederer  on  Feb.  29.  Resi- 
dence: Columbus,  Mont....  Chris  T.  Morgan  '86, 
M.B.A.  '90  to  Kris  Ellen  Rivenbark  on  June  8,  1991. 
Residence:  Thousand  Oaks,  Calif. . .  Melinda  Jane 
Lengel  '86  to  James  Allen  O'Leary  on  July  13,  1991 . 
Residence:  Nashville,  Tenn....  Debra  Dee 
Murray  B.S.E.  '86  to  Bret  Allen  Stewart  on  May  25, 
1991.  Residence:  Austin,  Texas.. .Karen  Jill 
Starr  '86  to  Joe  Marx  on  Feb.  7.  Residence:  Palm 
Beach,  Hsu...  Elizabeth  Bowen  Mezines  '87 
to  Stephen  G.  Yeonas  Jr.  Residence:  McLean,  Va.. . . 
Nancy  E.  Block  '88  to  Lee  McLean  Whitesides 
on  April  4.  Residence:  New  York  City...  J.  Scott 
Calvert  B.S.E.  '88  to  Wendy  Krys  on  Feb.  15.  Resi- 
dence: San  Diego...  Carol  Michelle  Madren 

'88  to  Joseph  Christopher  Klenke  on  March  2 1 .  Resi- 
dence: New  Orleans...  Jennifer  Lynne  Meyer 


'88  to  Nicholas  Ji>M.'ph  Magliato  Jr.  on  Feb.  15.  Resi- 
dence: Bethesda,  Md...  David  "Bi"  Skidmore  '88 
to  Kristin  Zimmerman  on  Nov.  23.  Residence:  Cincin- 
nati.. .  James  Metcalfe  Culver  89  to  Claire 
Anne  O'Barr  '90  on  March  28.  Residence:  Wash- 
ington, D.C....  Dana  Alice  Krug  '89  to  Stephen 
Lichtenstein  on  July  12.  Residence:  Harrison,  N.Y... . 
Robin  Kaye  Wade  '89  to  Jean-Frederic  Plumel  on 
March  8,  1991.  Residence:  Memphis,  Tenn. 

BIRTHS:  First  child  and  daughter  to  Katherine 
Johnson  Behr  B.S.N.  SO  and  Michael  James 

Behr  '80  on  Dec.  15.  Named  Virginia  Lee...  Second 
son  to  David  Miller  Feldman  '80  and  Amy  Feld- 
man on  March  27.  Named  Matthew  Daniel...  Twins, 
first  daughtet  and  son,  to  Lynda  Zeiders  Reha 

'80  and  Willian  Reha  on  Jan.  3,  1991.  Named  Chris- 
tine Marie  and  David  William...  First  child  and 

daughter  to  Elizabeth  Wineland  Gamble  81 

and  Jaye  S.  Gamble  III  on  June  11,  1991.  Named 
Emily  Forrest. . .  First  child  and  daughtet  to  Amy 
Torlone  Harris  B.S.N.  '81  and  Chatles  Allen 
Harris  on  Jan.  27.  Named  Abby  Elizabeth. . .  Second 
child  and  first  son  to  Cheryl  Bondy  Kaplan  '81 
and  Mark  Kaplan  on  March  28.  Named  Charles 
Jacob...  Second  child  and  first  daughtet  to  Lisa 
Posin  Lewis  '81  and  Steve  Lewis  on  Oct.  18, 
1991.  Named  Courtney  Suzanne...  Second  child  and 
second  daughtet  to  Linda  Haile  Mackie  B.S.E. 
'81,  M.S.  '84,  Ph.D.  '87  and  A.  William  Mackie 
J.D.  '84  on  Nov.  1.  Named  Danielle  Jessica...  Son  to 
Daniel  F.  Pauly  '81  and  Rebecca  Pauly  on  Feb. 
21.  Named  Joseph  Daniel...  First  child  and  son  to 
Elizabeth  York  Schiff  81,  J  D  85  and  James 
A.  Schiff  '81  on  Nov.  10.  Named  James  Walker. . . 
First  child  and  daughter  to  Judi  Jakobi  Winders 
'81  and  William  R.  Winders  Jr.  '81  on  Oct.  2. 
Named  Blair  Morgan. . .  First  child  and  first  son  to 

Daniel  Joseph  Hasler  MBA.  '82  and 
Katherine  Vasu  Hasler  '82  on  March  14. 
Named  Daniel  Joseph. . .  First  child  and  son  to  Julie 
M.  Hill  '82  and  Thomas  E.  Jennings  on  April  23, 
1991.  Named  Elliott  Thomas  Hill  Jennings...  First 
child  and  son  to  Kim  Levy  Huhman  '82  and 
Tyler  H.  Huhman  on  Nov.  30.  Named  Matthew 
Tyler. . .  Second  child  and  son  to  Lisa  Torlone 
Koch  B.S.N.  '82  and  Richard  Koch  on  Feb.  7. 
Named  Scott  Richard. . .  First  child  and  son  to 
Meredith  von  Brock  von  Arontschildt  '82, 
M.B.A.  '83  and  Charles  von  Arenschildt  on  Jan.  16. 
Named  Charles  Taylor. . .  First  child  and  daughter  to 
Wayne  F.  Wilbanks  '82  and  AshlinT.  Wilbanks 
on  Jan.  22,  1991.  Named  Virginia  Ashlin...  Daughter 
to  Daniel  McKenzie  Dickinson  B.S.M.E.  '83 
on  Jan.  26.  Named  Grace  Anne. . .  Second  son  to 
Lauren  Williams  Ghaffari  '83  and  Paul  Ghaf- 
fari  on  March  1 9.  Named  Alexander  David. . .  Second 
child  and  first  son  to  Christopher  C.  Kerr  '83 
and  Karen  Kerr  on  March  25.  Named  Christopher 
Thomas...  Daughter  to  Victoria  "Torie" 
Cav/OOd  Thompson  '83  and  Kurt  Thompson  on 
Dec.  2.  Named  Katherine  Alice...  Son  to  Jill  Bahm 
Zwahlen  B.S.E.  '83  and  Clifford  Zwahlen.  Named 
Garrett  Lee...  Third  child  and  son  to  Melinda 
Smith  Blatt  '84  and  David  R.  Blatt  on  Match  19. 
Named  Adam  Charles. . .  First  child  and  son  to  Debra 
Baker  Christie  B.S.E.  '84  and  Frederick  Christie 
on  Oct.  18.  Named  Frederick  Joseph. . .  Son  to  Aaron 
D.  Cowell  Jr.  '84  and  Brenda  K.  Cowell  '84 
on  Jan.  11.  Named  Dale...  Diane  Schlagheck 
Echternacht  '84  and  Jerry  Echtemacht  on  March 
25.  Named  Katrina  Marie. . .  First  child  and  daughter 

to  Jeanine  "Nini"  Poore  Geraffo  '84  and 
Philip  Vincent  Geraffo  BSE.  '84,  MBA  89 
on  April  22.  Named  Monica  Caitlin. . .  Second  child 
and  second  daughter  to  A.  William  Mackie  J.D. 
'84  and  Linda  Haile  Mackie  B.S.E.  '81,  M.S. 
'84,  Ph.D.  '87  on  Nov.  1.  Named  Danielle  Jessica... 


For  The  Best 
In  Retirement  Living 

Gracious  Living 

Cottages,  apartments,  many 
appealing  features  in  community 
designed  for  residents  age  65  and  over. 
Lovely  dining  and  club  rooms,  indoor 
pool,  transportation,  and  much  more. 
Entry  fee  plus  monthly  service  fee. 

Excellent  Location 

Our  42-acre  site  has  walking  trails, 
historic  bam,  yet  is  close  to  mall, 
shops,  and  Duke  campus. 

The  Life  Care  Advantage  - 

Ends  worries  about  nursing  care 
costs  and  availability.  Care  will  be 
provided  on-site,  in  affiliation  with 
Duke  University  Medical  Center. 

Please  call  or  write  for  details: 


2701  Pickett  Road 

Durham,  North  Carolina  27705 

(919)490-8000 


WnlLJRT2l/UBM89..M73/4..M 


STRESSED  FOR  SUCCESS 


It's  been  a  hectic 
summer  for  Jeff 
Vinik  '81.  As  the 
father  of  a  brand  new 
baby  boy  (the  second 
child  for  him  and  his 
wife,  Penny),  Vinik 
has  had  to  adapt  his 
schedule  as  his  family 
has  expanded.  And 
that's  no  small  feat, 
considering  that  at 
about  the  same  time, 
he  took  over  as  top 
investment  adviser  at 
the  nation's  largest 
mutual  fund. 

As  manager  of 
Fidelity  Investment's 
Magellan  Fund,  Vinik 
is  responsible  for  the 
interests  of  approxi- 
mately one  million 
investors.  To  up  the 
stress  ante  even  fur- 
ther, Vinik  is  following 


in  the  footsteps  of  two 
hot-shot  managers — 
the  highly  respected 
financial  veteran  Peter 
Lynch  and  immediate 
predecessor  Morris 
Smith — who  guided 
Magellan  to  the  peak 
of  the  mutual-fund 
mountain.  But  the 
thirty-three-year-old 
New  Jersey  native, 
tapped  by  the  company 
chairman  as  the  man  to 
keep  Magellan  on  top, 
has  already  compiled 
an  impressive  track 
record. 

An  engineering  and 
economics  major  at 
Duke,  Vinik  cut  his 
teeth  on  Wall  Street  as 
a  stock  analyst  before 
attending  Harvard 
Business  School.  A 
year  later,  he'd  signed 


Vinik:  Wail  Street-smart 

on  at  Fidelity  and 
quickly  was  identified 
as  a  rising  star  within 
the  company's  ranks. 
As  Business  Week 
noted  in  an  article  on 
the  recent  changing-of- 
the-guard,  Vinik's  past 
supervision  of  various 


funds  meant  remark- 
able returns  for 
Fidelity,  sometimes  as 
much  as  three  times 
that  of  Standard  & 
Poor's  500-stock 
index. 

Although  his  current 
position  means  high 
visibility  and  the 
accompanying  pres- 
sures that  go  with  it, 
Vinik  says  he's  not 
about  to  forego  the 
responsibilities  and 
pleasures  of  life  away 
from  the  office.  As  he 
told  Business  Week 
when  he  was 
promoted,  "My  family 
was  the  first  thing  I 
thought  about  when  I 
was  approached  about 
the  job.  I  feel  I  can 
handle  it — stress  is  part 
of  the  job." 


First  child  and  daughter  to  Jill  Edwards  Paul  '84 

and  David  Paul  on  ]an.  16.  Named  Allison  Bruck. . . 

First  child  and  son  to  Brian  Frederick  Rocker- 
mann  BSE.  '84  and  Catherine  Thompson 

Rockermann  '84.  Named  Samuel  George. . .  First 
child  and  son  to  David  Simms  Ruch  '84  and 
Susan  Gwin  Ruch  '84,  J.D.  '87  on  April  29, 

1990.  Named  David  Simms  Jr.. . .  Daughter  to 
Audrey  Von  Frankenberg  Brown  B.S.M.E. 
'85  and  Stephen  C.  Brown  III  '87.  Named 
Kristin  Elizabeth. . .  First  child  and  son  to  Margaret 
Mayer  Condie  '85  and  Parker  B.  Condie  Jr.  on 
March  17,  1991.  Named  Parker  Busch  III...  Second 
child  and  first  daughter  to  Aileen  Reardon 
Hahne  '85  and  Doug  Hahne  '85  on  March  1. 
Named  Megan  Caroline...  Daughter  to  Mollie 
Fitzgerald  Larsen  '85  and  Douglas  Larsen  on 
March  19.  Named  Susan  Abigail. . .  First  child  and 
son  to  Kenneth  Nathaniel  Smith  '85  and 
Robin  Rudd  Smith  '86  on  Dec.  17.  Named  Drew 
Newman. . .  First  child  and  daughter  to  Susan  Long 
West  '85  and  Kirk  Terrill  West  on  March  20.  Named 
Lindsey  Brooks. . .  First  son  to  Audrey  Grumhaus 
Young  '85  and  Jonathan  Young  on  June  10,  1991. 
Named  Nicholas  Fentress. . .  Second  child  and  son  to 
Debra  Waitman  Weiss  '86  and  Daniel  Weiss 
on  Jan.  10.  Named  Joshua  Alan. . .  Second  child  and 
first  daughter  to  Jonathan  E.  Blaine  '87  and 
Carolyn  S.  Blaine  on  Jan.  30.  Named  Elizabeth  Sarah. . . 
First  child  and  daughter  to  Scott  A.  Cammarn 
J.D.  87  and  Heather  Whirlow  Cammarn 
A.M.  '88  on  Feb.  17.  Named  Cynthia  Leigh. . .  First 
child  and  son  to  Thomas  A.  "Tucker"  Ronzetti 
'87  and  Nancy  Dennebaum  Ronzetti  '87  on 
March  19.  Named  Michael  Hogan...  Second  child 
and  son  to  Marc  D.  Carpenter  '88  and  Gena 
Sebastian  Carpenter  '89  on  March  9.  Named 
Jaren  Grey . . .  First  child  and  son  to  Robin  Wade 
Plumel  '89  and  Jean-Frederic  Plumel  on  Aug.  5, 

1991 .  Named  Lucas  Dominic. 


90s 


Kyle  A.  Glerum  '90,  a  second  lieutenant  in  the 
Marine  Corps,  completed  primary  flight  training  in 
October  and  is  in  Meridian,  Miss.,  for  intermediate 
strike  flight  training. 

Philip  LeMasters  Ph.D.  '90  is  the  author  of  Dis- 
ciplesru'p  For  All  Believers,  a  discussion  of  Christian 
ethics,  published  by  Herald  Book  Press. 

Mark  D.  LutOStansky  '90  has  been  elected  bank- 
ing officer  at  Wachovia  Corporate  Services,  Inc.  in 
Winston-Salem.  He  is  a  product  manager  in  the 
bank's  corporate  finance  group. 


E.  Archer  '91,  a  Navy  ensign,  reported  for 
duty  with  Naval  Security  Group  Detachment,  Yoso- 
suka,  Japan. 

Greg  Feller  '91  is  a  proofreader  in  Sony's  advertis- 
ing division  in  New  York  City.  He  lives  in  Brooklyn 
Heights. 

Edward  P.  Flinter  '9 1 ,  a  Marine  second  lieutenant, 
is  serving  with  the  3rd  Assault  Amphibian  Battallion, 
1st  Marine  Division,  Camp  Pendleton,  Calif. 


Gould  '91  is  a  volunteer  English  teacher  in 
Costa  Rica  with  WorldTeach,  a  Harvard-based  pro- 
gram. He  teaches  at  the  upper  primary  and  secondary 
level  and  is  introducing  environmental  education  in 
his  host  community. 

Jeff  Hessekiel  '91  works  in  refugee  camps  on  the 
Thailand-Laos  border  for  the  International  Refugee 
Committee. 

Richard  A.  MacClary  '91,  a  Navy  ensign,  gradu- 
ated from  the  Navy  Supply  School  in  Athens,  Ga., 
in  April. 


Matheny  '91  teaches  English  and  envi- 
ronmental education  in  a  Costa  Rican  host  school 
and  community.  He  is  a  volunteer  with  WorldTeach, 
a  Harvard-based  program,  and  works  with  upper  pri- 
mary and  secondary  students. 

Brian  R.  Overton  B.S.E.  '91,  a  Navy  ensign,  grad- 
uated from  the  Navy  Supply  School  in  Athens,  Ga., 
in  April. 

Adam  V.  Stock  Spilker  '91  has  entered  rab- 
binic training  at  Hebrew  Union  College  in  New  York 
City.  He  and  his  wife,  Rachel,  have  begun  their  stud- 
ies with  a  year  at  Union's  Jerusalem  campus. 

MARRIAGES:  Nestor  de  la  Cruz-Munoz  Jr. 
'90  to  Amy  Vernon  '90  on  July  14, 1991.  Resi- 
dence: Miami...  Kyle  A.  Glerum  '90  to  Leigh 

A.  Ertel  '91.  Residence:  Meridian,  Miss....  Joan 
Marie  Infosino  '90  to  Don  Kevin  Johnson 

'90  on  May  23.  Residence:  Los  Angeles. . .  Claire 
Anne  O'Barr  '90  to  James  Metcalfe  Culver 

'89  on  March  28.  Residence:  Washington,  DC- 
Mark  Andrew  Heinrich  BSE.  '91,  M.S. '91  to 
Kim  Sharon  Brown  on  Aug.  3,  1991.  Residence:  Stan- 
ford, Calif....  Adam  Victor  Spilker  '91  to 

Rachel  Avivah  Stock  on  May  16.  Residence: 
Jerusalem,  Israel. 


DEATHS 


Paul  H.  North  '15  of  Columbus,  Ohio,  on  Feb.  7. 
He  attended  Harvard  Law  School  and  traveled  for 
International  Shoe  Co.  of  Ohio.  He  is  survived  by  his 
wife,  Agnes,  and  a  son. 

Oddis  A.  Robinson  '23  of  Jackson,  Miss.,  on  Feb. 
5,  of  heart  failure.  He  was  a  retired  advertising  execu- 
tive and  former  publisher  of  the  now-defunct  State 
Times  newspaper.  He  is  survived  by  two  daughters, 
two  brothers,  and  three  grandchildren. 

Thomas  Madison  Greene  B.S.E.  '24  of 

Charlotte,  N.C.,  on  Jan.  16.  He  is  survived  by  his 
wife,  Nell. 

Bessie  White  Tesh  '24  of  High  Point,  N.C. 

W.  Amos  "Doc"  Abrams  '26,  A.M.  '28  of 
Raleigh,  N.C. 

Frank  M.  Little  '26  of  Charlotte,  N.C,  on  Sept.  4. 

Joseph  H.  Mehaffey  '26  of  Danville,  Va.,  on 
July  4,  1991. 

Richard  L.  Pearse  '27  of  Durham,  on  March  8. 
He  was  cofounder  of  the  Durham  Women's  Clinic 
and  former  chief  of  obstetrics  and  gynecology  at 
Watts  Hospital.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Harriet, 
two  sons,  two  daughters,  and  eight  grandchildren. 

Thomas  Alton  Watson  '27  of  Pinnacle,  N.C, 
on  Feb.  3,  of  heart  failure.  He  was  a  strong  supporter 
of  the  Iron  Dukes.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Ruth. 

Murray  M.  Walters  '28  of  Monroe,  N.C,  on  Feb. 
8,  of  a  heart  attack.  He  was  a  retired  Methodist  minis- 
ter. A  chaplain  in  World  War  II,  he  served  in  the 
U.S.  Infantry  in  the  Philippines  from  1941  to  1944. 
He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Nora,  two  daughters,  a  son, 
and  three  sisters. 

Gordon  G.  Brown  '30  of  Selma,  N.C.  He  was  a 
farmer. 

Richard  Campbell  Pettigrew  Ph.D.  '30  of 
Salisbury,  N.C,  on  June  29,  1991.  He  retired  as  an 
English  professor  from  several  Southern  colleges  and 
was  former  chair  of  the  English  department  at  Ouachita 
Baptist  University  in  Arkansas.  He  was  author  of 
several  books,  including  A  Table  of  Green  Fields  and 
Green  O'Clock.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Marie. 


John  Woods  McKay  '31  of  Newton,  N.C.,  on 
Feb.  13.  He  was  retired  as  superintendent  with  the 
U.S.  Postal  Service  in  Charlotte.  He  is  survived  by  a 
son;  a  daughter;  a  sister,  Patsy  McKay  '30;  three 
grandchildren;  and  four  great-grandchildren. 

John  J.  Gamble  '32  of  Loudonville,  N.Y.,  on 
March  23,  after  a  long  illness.  A  member  of  the  33rd 
General  Hospital  in  World  War  II,  he  was  an  attend- 
ing staff  obstetrician  at  several  hospitals  and  a  clinical 
professor  of  obstetrics  and  gynecology  at  Albany  Med- 
ical College.  An  All-Southem  champion  wrestler  at 
Duke,  he  was  a  member  of  Omega  Delta  Kappa,  Duke's 
honorary  leadership  fraternity.  He  earned  his  M.D.  from 
Albany  Medical  College.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Julia,  a  daughter,  three  sons,  eleven  grandchildren,  two 
sisters,  and  a  brother,  Allen  O.  Gamble  '31. 


•34ofWheaton,IU.,onNov.29. 

Charles  W.  Gorton  '34  of  Cataumet,  Mass.,  on 
Sept.  2 1 ,  of  a  heart  attack.  He  was  the  owner  of  the 
Gorton  &  O'Connor  Insurance  Agency  for  3 1  years 
before  his  1978  retirement.  He  was  a  Navy  veteran  of 
World  War  II.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Doris, 
and  a  brother. 

Helen  Blalock  Grickis  '35  of  Heritage  Village, 
Conn.,  on  Oct.  9.  She  attended  Garfield  Memorial 
School  of  Nursing  and  was  a  member  of  the  American 
Nurses  Association.  She  is  survived  by  her  husband, 
William,  a  daughter,  and  a  granddaughter. 

George  H.  Sal  ley  L  '36  of  Miami,  Fla.,  in  April 
1991. 

Frederick  Stockman  Albrink  J.D.  '37  of  Nor- 
folk, Va.,  on  Oct.  19.  He  was  a  member  of  the  law  firm 
Kellam,  Pickrell,  Cox,  and  Tayloe,  and  practiced  before 
the  U.S.  Supreme  Court.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Lucille,  two  daughters,  a  brother,  and  one  grandchild. 

Ida  Brooks  Bokinsky  R.N.  '37  of  Richmond, 
Va.,  on  Jan.  24.  She  is  survived  by  her  husband, 
George  E.  Bokinsky  '42,  three  children,  and  10 
grandchildren. 

Robert  H.  Daugherty  Jr.  B.S.E.E.  '37  on  Nov. 
10,  1991.  He  worked  at  Southern  Bell  and  AT&T 
until  1976.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Lou  Vera 
Daugherty,  two  daughters,  seven  grandchildren,  and 
one  great-grandchild. 

Richard  B.  Gilpin  '37  of  Atlanta,  Ga. 

Frederick  Ketcham  '37  of  Long  Beach,  Calif., 

in  June  1991.  He  was  a  retired  general  practice 
physician. 

Jack  B.  Rettaliata  '37  of  Bay  Shore,  N.Y. 

Frances  Auld  Marshall  '38  of  Charleston, 
WVa.,  on  March  3.  She  was  former  executive  direc- 
tor of  the  Volunteer  Service  Bureau  in  Charleston. 
While  at  Duke,  she  was  president  of  Zeta  Tau  Alpha 
sorority.  She  is  survived  by  two  sons,  a  daughter,  and 
four  grandchildren. 

Leory  Parker  Naudain  '38  of  Haddonfield, 

N.J.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Ruth  Hess  Nau- 
dain '41. 

Stephen  J.  Van  Lill  '38  of  Annapolis,  Md.,  on 
March  5.  He  was  a  retired  Baltimore  physician.  A 
former  member  of  the  U.S.  Coast  Guard,  he  partici- 
pated in  a  hospitality  program  for  out-of-state  ship- 
men  at  the  Naval  Academy  in  Annapolis.  While  at 
Duke,  he  was  a  member  of  the  Phi  Delta  Phi  frater- 
nity. He  is  survived  by  several  cousins. 

Robert  O.  Haas  '39  of  High  Point,  N.C.,  on  March 
23.  While  at  Duke,  he  was  a  member  of  the  1938  Iron 
Dukes  football  team  and  the  Phi  Delta  Theta  fraternity. 


C.  Haulier  '39  of  Banning,  Calif.  He  was 
an  office  manager  with  Goodyear  Tire  and  Rubber  Co. 

P.  Bradley  Morrah  Jr.  LL.B.  '39  of  Greeenville, 
S.C.,  on  Feb.  17.  He  was  a  senator  in  the  S.C.  legisla- 
ture for  13  years  and  was  active  in  many  civic  organi- 
zations. He  is  survived  by  a  daughter,  a  son,  two  sisters, 
and  two  grandchildren. 

John  Joseph  Weber  '39  of  Deep  River,  Conn., 
on  April  12,  of  a  heart  attack.  He  was  professor  emeri- 
tus of  clinical  psychiatry  at  Columbia  University's 
College  of  Physicians  and  Surgeons.  He  was  also  in 
private  psychiatric  practice  in  Manhattan.  He  is  sur- 
vived by  his  wife,  Helen;  two  daughters,  including 
Melissa  F.  Weber  '81;  and  a  half-brother. 


Frederick  H.  Auld  '40  of  Charleston,  W.Va.  He 
is  survived  by  his  son,  Frederick  H.  Auld  E  '66. 

Robert  R.  "Pete"  Smith  '40,  A.M.  '41  of  Lewis- 
burg,  W.Va. 

John  M.  Silva  '41  of  Marston  Mills,  Mass. 

Robert  M.  Ackerman  '42  of  Bound  Brook,  N.J., 
on  Jan.  31.  He  was  the  president  of  the  Salt  Ship 
Chartering  Corp. 

Betty  McKee  Daub  '42  of  Monroeville,  Pa.,  on 
March  5,  1989. 


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Roy  A.  Grisham  B.D.  '42  of  Montgomery,  Ala., 
on  Sept.  1 1.  He  was  a  retired  United  Methodist  min- 
ister and  a  former  chaplain  in  the  U.S.  Army.  He  is 
survived  by  his  two  children. 

Jordan  Allen  Lindsey  M.I.V.  '42  of  Brandon, 
Miss.,  on  Dec.  1 1 .  He  was  statistician  of  the  Missis- 
sippi Conference  for  33  years,  and  was  the  author  of 
Methodism  in  the  Mississippi  Conference  1920-1939.  He 
is  survived  by  his  wife,  Earline,  two  sons,  two  daugh- 
ters, one  sister,  and  10  grandchildren. 


Paul  M.  German  '43  of  Hyannis,  Mass.,  on  April 
17.  He  was  a  retired  private  business  consultant. 
He  served  in  Europe  in  World  War  II  before  return- 
ing to  complete  his  Duke  degree  and  marry  Ruth 
Cardinal  German  '47.  He  is  survived  by  a  daugh- 
ter, four  grandchildren,  and  two  sisters. 

Charles  R.  Stoddard  Jr.  '43  of  Shrewsbury, 
N.J.,  on  Jan.  6.  He  was  vice  president  of  the  Progres- 
sive Railroading  Co.  of  Chicago,  and  retired  in  1985. 
He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Eileen,  and  three  sons. 


D.  Durgin  '44  of  Newport,  Vt.,  on  Feb. 
15,  following  a  long  illness.  He  was  a  graduate  of  the 
University  of  Vermont  College  of  Medicine. 

Howard  L.  Gile  B.S.M.E.  '44  of  Enid,  Okla.,  on 
May  17,  1991.  He  was  an  engineer  with  the  aircraft 
division  of  General  Electric  before  his  retirement,  and 
most  recently  worked  on  the  F-18  fighter  jet.  He  is  sur- 
vived by  his  wife,  Hazel,  three  daughters,  eight  grand- 
children, two  great-grandchildren,  a  sister,  and  a 
brother. 

Helen  Rebecca  Andrews  Hutchins  '44  on 

Dec.  26  in  San  Diego,  Calif. 

John  A.  McCurdy  M.Ed.  '44  of  Paoli,  Pa.,  on  Jan. 
2 1 .  He  had  a  private  legal  practice.  He  is  survived  by 
his  daughter. 


Dull  Seykora  R.N.  '44  of  Greensboro, 
N.C.,  on  March  1.  She  was  a  nurse  at  Greensboro's 
Wesley  Long  Hospital. 

G.  Bettes  '45  of  Columbus,  Ga.,  in  August 


L.  Eakes  '46  of  Clemmons,  N.C. 

Annette  Burgard  Sullivan  '46  of  Arlington, 
Va.,  on  Feb.  4,  of  cancer.  She  was  a  social  worker  and 
volunteer  special  education  teacher.  She  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  National  Society  of  the  Colonial  Dames  of 
America  and  the  Smithsonian  Institution's  Women's 
Committee.  She  is  survived  by  her  husband,  John, 
four  children,  1 1  grandchildren,  a  sister,  and  her 
mother. 

Patricia  Conroy  Gore  R.N.  '47  of  Butler,  N.J. 
A  former  volunteer  for  the  Red  Cross  in  Jamaica,  she 
was  the  director  of  the  quality  assurance  program  at 
the  Daughters  of  Israel  Geriatric  Center  in  West 
Orange,  N.J.  She  is  survived  by  three  daughters,  a  son, 
and  a  grandson. 


'47,  J.D '50  of  Jacksonville,  Fla., 
on  Jan.  12.  He  retired  as  vice  chairman  and  general 
counsel  of  Barnett  Banks  Inc.  in  1990,  and  was  the 
only  man  to  have  been  the  president  of  both  the 
Florida  bar  and  the  Florida  Bankers  Association.  He 
was  on  the  board  of  trustees  of  Jacksonville  Univer- 
sity. He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Nancy;  two  sons, 
including  Richard  Bryce  Hadlow  '74;  two 
daughters;  and  five  grandchildren. 

William  R.  Dorsey  '48  of  Miami,  Fla.,  on  March 
2,  1991.  He  was  past  president  of  Independent  Agents 
of  Dade  County  and  a  partner  in  Best-Dorsey  Insur- 
ance. He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Hilda,  five  sons,  three 
daughters,  two  grandchildren,  one  sister,  and  two 
brothers. 


Harriet  R.  Holman  Ph.D.  '48  of  Anderson,  S.C, 
on  Feb.  16,  after  a  long  illness.  She  was  the  first 
female  full  professor  at  Clemson  University,  where 
she  taught  from  1960  to  1978.  She  is  survived  by  two 
brothers. 

W.  Sterling  Hopwood  '48  of  Fort  Lauderdale, 


Inez  Turbeville  "Turk"  James  B.S.N.  49, 
R.N.  '49  of  Durham,  on  Feb.  12.  Founder  of  the  Inez 
"Turk"  James  Endowment  at  the  Duke  Medical  Cen- 
ter, she  was  a  retired  ostomy  nurse  clinician  and 
enterostomal  therapist  at  the  hospital.  She  was  recog- 
nized during  her  career  as  one  of  the  Nursing  Great 
100.  She  is  survived  by  two  daughters,  a  son,  two 
brothers,  and  three  grandchildren. 

Frances  Ballard  Jones  R.N.  '49,  B.S.N.  '49  of 
Greenville,  N.C,  on  Dec.  19,  of  liver  cancer. 

Richard  Bower  Hull  '49  of  Conover,  N.C,  on 
Dec.  26.  He  had  retired  after  36  years  as  chair  and 
school  psychologist  with  the  Catawba  County 
Schools'  special  education  division.  He  is  survived  by 
his  wife,  Hancy  Stephenson  Hull  R.N.  '48, 
B.S.N.  '49,  a  son,  a  daughter,  and  four  grandchildren. 


M.  Broderson  '50  of  Independence,  Va., 
on  March  12,  after  a  long  illness.  A  figurative  painter, 
he  received  his  M.F.A.  from  Iowa  State  University  in 
1952.  He  taught  at  Duke  from  1952  through  1964  and 
at  N.C.  State  University.  He  had  nearly  50  one-per- 
son art  shows  around  the  country  from  195 1  through 
1989.  His  work  is  included  in  collections  at  the  Whit- 
ney Museum  and  the  Museum  of  Modern  Art  in  New 
York  City.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Carol,  three 
sons,  and  three  daughters. 

Ethelbert  P.  "Sonny"  Elmore  B.S.E.E.  50  of 
Santa  Barbara,  Calif,  on  April  22,  1991,  of  cancer. 
After  receiving  his  pilot's  license  in  1964,  he  con- 
ducted survey  work  in  a  Cessna  Skymaster,  covering 
the  continental  U.S.,  Alaska,  South  America,  Africa, 
and  Europe.  A  professional  engineer,  he  founded 
Elmore  Electronics,  Inc.,  in  1966,  and  Elmore  Engi- 
neering, Ltd.,  in  1977,  and  patented  an  Airborne 
Microwave  Path  Modeling  System  for  telecommuni- 
cations network  design.  He  served  in  the  U.S.  Navy 
at  the  Naval  Research  Lab  in  Washington,  D.C.,  in 
1942-46  as  an  electronic  technician's  mate  2nd  class. 
A  member  of  Kappa  Alpha  at  Duke,  he  helped  estab- 
lish the  campus  radio  station  WDBS.  He  is  survived 
by  his  wife,  Kathleen. 

Guy  A.  Hamlin  LL.B.  '50  of  Winston-Salem,  on 
Jan.  26.  He  attended  the  University  of  Vermont  at 
Burlington.  An  Army  lieutenant  colonel,  he  was  a 
member  of  the  Judge  Advocates  General  Corps  during 
World  War  II  and  the  Vietnam  War.  He  retired  from 
active  duty  in  1967.  He  was  appointed  assistant  N.C. 
attorney  general.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Dara,  and 
his  son,  Bradley  Hamlin  77. 


Walton  B.D.  '50  of  Lynch- 
burg, Va.,  on  Jan.  6,  1991.  He  was  a  retired  United 
Methodist  minister.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Viola, 
a  daughter,  a  son,  and  two  grandchildren. 

Albert  F.  Celley  '51  of  Toledo,  Ohio,  on  Dec.  5. 
He  was  a  consultant  at  Lott  Industries  and  an  associ- 
ate professor  at  the  University  of  Toledo.  A  Navy 
veteran  of  World  War  II,  he  earned  an  M.B.A.  from 
Toledo  University  and  a  Ph.D.  from  the  University  of 
Pittsburgh.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Louise,  a  son,  a 
brother,  a  sister,  and  three  grandchildren. 

Arnold  Harlem  LL.B.  '51  of  Chatham,  N.J.,  on 
Jan.  17.  He  earned  his  BA.  in  economics  from  New 
York  University.  He  was  vice  president  of  the  Macke 
Co.  and  divisional  general  manager  of  the  Automatic 
Retailers  Association,  before  becoming  deputy  direc- 
tor with  the  Bronx  Zoo.  He  retired  in  1988.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  P.A.D.  Law  Fraternity,  Rutledge 


Chapter  of  Duke.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Marilyn, 
a  son,  a  daughter,  and  a  grandchild. 

Jean  Arthur  Burcham  Ladehoff  '52  of  Port- 
land, Ore.,  on  Feb.  22.  She  is  survived  by  her  hus- 
band, Robert,  and  a  son. 

George  Hewby  Toms  '55  of  Durham,  on  Feb. 
23.  He  was  a  stockbroker  for  many  years  and  was  an 
employee  of  Dealers  Supply  Co.  He  is  survived  by  a 
sister,  Julia  Toms  Carr  '49;  two  brothers,  Edgar 
S.  Toms  '52  and  Clinton  W.  Toms  '57;  a 
daughter;  and  two  sons. 

John  H.  Hubbard  '57  of  Ridgewood,  N.J.,  on 
Oct.  10.  He  was  a  neurosurgeon  with  Neurosurgeon 
Associates  of  Hackensack.  He  earned  his  M.D.  from 
Tulane's  medical  school.  A  former  chief  of  the  Holy 
Name  Hospital  and  Pascack  Valley  departments  of 
neurosurgery,  he  was  a  clinical  assistant  professor  at 
Albert  Einstein  College  of  Medicine  in  the  Bronx.  He 
is  survived  by  his  wife,  Irene,  a  daughter,  two  sons,  his 
mother,  and  a  sister. 


S.  White  HA.  Cert.  '58  of  Clearwater, 
Ha.,  on  March  29,  from  lung  cancer  complications. 
He  was  executive  director  of  Morton  F.  Plant  Hospi- 
tal. He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Mary  Louise,  and  two 
sons. 

John  Harold  Evans  M.D.  '59  of  Farragut,  Term., 
on  Feb.  19,  1991.  He  was  director  of  laboratories  at 
the  University  of  Tennessee  Medical  Center  in  Knox- 
ville.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Carol  Ross  Evans 
B.S.N.  '59;  and  four  children,  including  Mary  Evans 
Culver  '85  and  Katherine  Leigh  Evans  '91. 

Moses  S.  Mahaley  Jr.  Ph.D.  '59  of  Maggie 
Valley,  N.C,  on  March  8.  He  was  a  neurosurgeon  and 
former  instructor  at  the  Duke  Medical  Center.  He 
received  several  awards  for  his  research  and  was  the 
author  of  more  than  200  publications  on  neurosurgi- 
cal research.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Jane,  a  daugh- 
ter, four  sons,  his  father  and  stepmother,  a  sister,  and 
five  grandchildren. 


F.  Rouse  '59  of  Montoursville,  Pa.  While 
at  Duke,  he  was  a  member  of  Sigma  Chi  fraternity. 

William  E.  Montgomery  B.S.E.E.  '61  of  Sev- 
erna  Park,  Md.,  on  Feb.  10.  He  was  general  manager 
of  the  Westinghouse  Space  Division,  and  in  1977  he 
received  a  Special  Achievement  Award  from  the 
secretary  of  the  Air  Force  for  his  contributions  to  the 
space  program.  He  was  a  graduate  of  Stanford's  execu- 
tive business  program.  While  at  Duke,  he  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Sigma  Nu  fraternity.  He  is  survived  by  his 
wife,  Jeannette,  a  daughter,  a  son,  and  his  mother. 


Edward  R.  Wright  Jr.  Ph.D.  '61  of  San  Fran- 
cisco, Calif.,  on  Sept.  16,  1988. 

Garland  B.  Bennett  B.D.  '63  of  Sanford,  N.C, 
on  March  22.  He  was  pastor  of  the  Shallow  Well 
United  Church  of  Christ.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Peggy,  four  daughters,  three  brothers,  three  sisters, 
and  eight  grandchildren. 

Margaret  Priscilla  Stone  Gminski  '65  of 

Southport,  Conn.,  in  1991,  of  breast  cancer.  She  was 
a  former  vice  president  at  Bankers  Trust  Co.  of  New 
York,  and  held  several  financial  positions  at  Chemical 
Bank  and  CBS  Corp.  She  earned  her  M.B.A.  in 
finance  from  Columbia  University  in  1973.  In  1991, 
her  restoration  of  her  Victorian  "Captain's  House" 
was  cited  by  the  National  Trust  for  Historic  Preserva- 
tion. She  is  survived  by  her  husband,  Gerald. 

D.  Venetta  M.D.  '65  of  Barberton, 


Ohio,  on  Feb.  8. 

Alex.  A.  Chambers  M.Div.  '67  of  Jackson, 
Tenn.,  on  March  18. 


LL.B.'67ofNewYork 
City,  on  March  20.  He  was  a  professor  of  civil  rights  and 
constitutional  law  at  Pace  University.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  several  law  organizations  and  was  a  former  direc- 
tor of  the  advisory  committee  for  the  New  York  Uni- 
versity Institute  on  Securities  Laws  and  Regulations. 
In  1968,  he  taught  at  the  law  school  in  Melbourne, 
Australia.  While  at  Duke,  he  received  the  Russell 
Robinson  Award  for  his  work  on  the  editorial  board  of 
the  Duke  Law  Journal.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Irene, 
a  daughter,  a  stepdaughter,  and  two  brothers. 


J.D.  '69  of  Charleston, 
W.Va.,  on  April  18,  after  a  long  illness.  He  was 
Charleston's  city  clerk.  A  member  of  the  W.Va.  Bar 
Association,  he  had  been  a  partner  in  the  firm  Smith 
&.  Braun  since  1982.  He  is  survived  by  his  parents  and 
two  sisters,  including  Kathleen  Braun  70. 

C.  Berry  Ed.D.  70  of  Charlottesville,  Va. 


Robert 

on  Feb.  19,  of  cancer 


71  of  Falls  Church,  Va., 


Young  77  of  Atlanta,  Ga. 

Christopher  R.  Naylor  78  of  Washington, 
D.C.,  on  April  6,  of  AIDS.  He  was  a  former  research 
director  for  Abramson  Associates  and  a  vice  president 
at  Rosenthal,  Greene,  and  Campbell,  both  advertis- 
ing agencies.  A  Phi  Beta  Kappa  member  at  Duke,  he 
did  graduate  work  in  Soviet  studies  at  The  Johns  Hop- 
kins University  School  of  Advanced  International 
Studies.  He  is  survived  by  his  companion  of  five  years, 
James  W.  Gunn,  his  parents,  four  brothers,  and  two 


Roberto  E.  Soberano  LL.M.  '86  in  July  1987, 
after  a  long  illness.  He  was  living  in  the  Philippines. 

Professor  Lievsay 

Professor  emeritus  of  English  John  L.  Lievsay  died 
March  3  at  his  Bethesda,  Maryland,  home.  He  was  86 


Born  near  Whitesboro,  Texas,  and  raised  in  Okla- 
homa, he  attended  Seattle  Pacific  University.  He 
earned  his  bachelor's,  master's,  and  doctorate  degrees 
from  the  University  of  Washington.  He  taught  at  the 
University  of  Tennessee  and  Stanford  University,  and 
then  at  Duke  from  1963  to  1975,  specializing  in 
sixteenth-  and  seventeenth-century  literature. 

After  his  retirement,  Lievsay  taught  a  semester  at 
Virginia  Military  Institute  as  the  Moody  Northen  Pro- 
fessor of  English.  He  also  lectured  at  several  other  uni- 
versities. He  was  a  research  fellow  at  the  Huntington, 
Newberry,  and  Folger  libraries  as  well  as  a  Fulbright 
Fellow  in  Italy  in  1953-54,  and  a  Guggenheim  Fellow 
in  1968-69. 

At  the  time  of  his  death,  Lievsay  was  working  on 
a  volume  on  sixteenth-  and  seventeenth-century 
Anglo-Italian  relations.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Lilly,  a  son,  five  grandchildren,  and  three  great- 
grandchildren. 


CLASSIFIEDS 


RESORTS/TRAVEL 


ARROWHEAD  INN,  Durham's  country  bed  and 
breakfast.  Restored  1775  plantation  on  four  rural 
acres.  Written  up  in  USA  Today,  Food  &  Wine,  Mid- 
Atlantic.  106  Mason  Rd.,  27712.  (919)  477-8430. 

LONDON.  My  delightful  studio  apartment  near 
Marble  Arch  is  available  for  short  or  long-term  rental. 
Elisabeth  J.  Fox,  M.D.,  901  Greenwood  Rd.,  Chapel 
Hill,  NC  27514.  (919)  929-3194. 

ST.  JOHN:  Two  bedrooms,  two  baths,  full  kitchen, 
cable  TV,  pool.  Covered  deck  with  spectacular  view 
of  Caribbean.  Quiet  elegance.  Off-season  rates.  (508) 
668-2078. 

aORIDA  KEYS,  BIG  PINE  KEY:  Fantastic  open 
water  view,  Key  Deer  Refuge,  National  Bird  Sanctuary, 
stilt  house,  3/2,  screened  porches,  fully  furnished, 
stained-glass  windows,  swimming,  diving,  fishing, 
boat  basin.  Non-smokers.  (305)  665-3832. 


THE  OLD  NORTH  DURHAM  INN,  an  intimate 
bed  and  breakfast  less  than  a  mile  from  Duke,  offering 
tum-of-the-century  charm,  comfortable  lodging,  and 
hearty  breakfasts.  922  N.  Mangum  St.,  27701.  (919) 
683-1885. 

BRITISH  VIRGIN  ISLANDS:  New  luxury  water- 
front house  on  Little  Mountain,  Beef  Island,  for  vaca- 
tion rental.  Three  bedrooms,  two  baths,  pool,  and 
spectacular  views;  sleeps  six.  Beautiful  beach  for  great 
swimming  and  snorkeling.  John  Krampf  '69,  81 2  W. 


Sedgwick  St.,  Philadelphia,  PA  19119.  (215)438- 
4430  (home)  or  (215)  963-5501  (office). 

HILLSBOROUGH  HOUSE  INN  bed/breakfast.  15 
minutes  from  Duke.  Gracious  Italianate  mansion. 
Seven  acres.  Historic  district.  209  E.  Tryon  St.,  Hills- 
borough, NC  27278.  (919)  644-1600.  Katherine 
Webb,  innkeeper. 

ST.  JOHN,  USVI:  GALLOWS  POINT.  One-bed- 
room oceanfront  condo,  sleeps  four.  20  yards  from 
ocean,  short  walk  to  Cruz  Bay.  TV,  CD,  tape  player, 
microwave.  Owner  direct  (301 )  948-8547.  Ask 
for  Dick. 

LONDON  LUXURY  FLATS:  Royal  Court  Apart- 
ments, near  Hyde  Park  and  Kensington  High  Street, 
Lancaster  Gate  tube  stop.  Studios,  one  and  two  bed- 
room apartments.  Daily  maid  service.  Perhaps  the 
most  convenient  location  in  London.  From  $850  per 
week.  Contact  Thomas  Moore,  (801)  393-9120. 

GULF  SHORES.  Your  beach  vacation  alternative. 
Sparkling  sands  and  surf.  Beach  cottages  and  condos 
on  and  near  the  Gulf  of  Mexico.  Golfing  galore,  fish- 
ing, boating.  ERA  Commander  Realty,  Box  979,  Gulf 
Shores,  AL  36547.  1-800-467-RENT. 


FOR  SALE 

QUALITY  U.S.  &  FOREIGN  FLAGS 
Special  Flags  &  Banners  made  to  order 
Aluminum  &  Fiberglas  Flagpoles 
Marian  Zaren,  147  N.  Main  St. 
Yardley,  PA  19067  (215)  493-2134 

CAMPUS  OAKS  CONDO,  311  Swift  Ave.  Strolling 
distance  to  campuses.  Fully  furnished:  living  room  with 
TV,  sleeper-sofa,  end  and  dining  tables  and  chairs;  com- 
plete kitchen  with  appliances,  dishwasher,  disposal, 
cooking  utensils;  two  bedrooms,  each  with  double-size 
bed,  mirror,  chest  of  drawers.  Two  full  baths,  washer- 
dryer.  Good  investment  for  Duke  parents.  $72,500. 
Call  (919)  544-4646  after  six. 

GRASS  COURT  COLLECTION  (Since  1982): 
Custom-tailored  cream  "tennis/yachting  flannel 
slacks"  and  much  more!  Free  litetature  at  "direct  fac- 
tory prices."  1-800-829-3412  (Hanover,  NH). 

RELIVE  THE  DUKE  BLUE  DEVIL'S  1992 
NATIONAL  CHAMPIONSHIP!  Order  your  Sou- 
venir Edition  from  The  Chronicle  today,  $5  each  ($4 
each  for  3  or  more).  Phone  orders  accepted 
(MC/Visa):  (919)684-3811  or  send  check  made  out 
to  The  Chronicle  Championship  Souvenir  Edition, 
P.O.  Box  4696  Duke  Station,  Durham,  NC  27706. 


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In  September,  the  university  celebrates  the 
centennial  of  Trinity  College's  being  moved 
from  Trinity,  North  Carolina,  to  Durham. 


AN  OFFER 
NOT  REFUSED 


As  a  loyal  citizen  of  Durham  as  wel 
as  a  church  member,  Washington 
Duke  aided  in  the  organization  of 
Methodist  churches  and  generously  sup- 
ported them.  He  was  recognized  throughout 
North  Carolina  as  a  "loyal  Methodist  lay- 
man"; and  since  amassing  his  great  fortune, 
he  "had  been  for  several  years  fixing  his 
mind  upon  some  large  benefaction  to  the 
educational  work  of  his  church  and  town.". . . 


Sirs: 

agree  to  place  at 
the  disposal  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees  for 
the  permanent  use  of  the  College  upon  the 
condition  of  the  removal  of  Trinity  Col- 
lege to  Durham,  N.C.,  the  sum  of  $85,000 


to  be  used  as  follows, 
namely: 

An  amount  not  ex- 
ceeding $50,000  for 
the  erection  of  the 
main  central  building 
(which  must  be  first 
class  in  every  respect) 
on  the  site  known  as 
"Blackwell  Park"  near 
the  city  of  Durham,  N.C.  The  remainder 
to  be  applied  to  the  Endowment  Fund  of 
said  College. 


The  money  to  be  used  in  the  erection  of 
the  building  to  be  paid  from  time  to  time, 
as  the  work  progresses,  and  the  amount 
appropriated  to  the  Endowment 
Fund  to  be  turned  over  to 
Trustees  upon  opening  the 
College  at  this  place. 

I  make  this  gift, 
not  with  any  spirit 
or  intent  of  rivalry 
with  the  city  of 
Raleigh,  but  for 
the    sole   pur 
pose  of  assist- 
ing in  placing 
the    College 
upon    a   sure 
foundation 
from  which  it 
may  grow  in 
usefulness  and 
power  to  the 
extent  of  en- 
abling it  to  ri- 
val the  best  col 
leges  elsewher 
and  attract  stu- 
dents by  its  superior 
advantages. 

I  desire  to  promote 
the  highest  learning  under 
the  guidance  of  Christian 
men.  To  do  so,  the  financial 
resources  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  must  be 
increased  so  as  to  enable  them  to  get  and 
keep  the  most  talented  professors  and  in- 
structors in  the  Faculty,  to  thoroughly  equip 
every  department  of  the  College  with  the 
best  and  most  approved  buildings  and 
appliances  for  doing  this  work,  and  secure 
the  largest  possible  patronage  by  opening 
these  advantages  to  all  young  men  of  what- 
ever financial  ability,  who  are  prepared  to 
avail  themselves  of  them. 

I  am  aware  that  this  gift  is  not  large 
enough  to  do  all  for  the  College  that  I 
desire  to  see  done  for  it,  but  make  it  with 
the  expectation  that  it  will  be  speedily 
supplemented  by  liberal  donations  from 
the  Methodists  and  friends  of  the  Institu- 
tion throughout  the  state,  and  that  they 
also  rally  heartily  to  the  support  of  the 
College  by  sending  their  sons  to  this,  the 
College  of  their  own  Church,  and  thus 
make  this  great  work  an  assured  success. 

If  I  did  not  feel  assured  that  my  expecta- 
tions as  above  stated  would  be  realized,  I 
would  not  feel  justified  in  making  this 
donation;  and  if  such  should  not  be  the 
result,  I  shall  be  disappointed  in  the  pur- 
pose of  the  gift,  but  with  confidence  in  you 
gentlemen  and  the  Methodists  of  the  state, 
I  am, 

Yours  truly, 
Washington  Duke 


After  the  reading,  "a  proposition  was 
also  read  from  Julian  S.  Carr,  donating 
sixty  acres  of  land  including  the  'Black- 
well  Park,'  as  a  site  for  the  pro- 
^    posed  college  building."  This 
B  '«.    was  f°uowed  by  an  offer 
BG^.    from  the  citizens  of 
Durham  of  $10,000 
as  "additional  to  the 
Endowment  Fund 
Ik    in  event  of  the 
|k    College  being 
n      located  there." 
^B  — from  Trinity 
College,  1839- 
1892: The  Be- 
ginnings of 
i   Duke  Univer- 
I  sity,  by  Nora 
C  ampbell 
Chaffin,  pub- 
lished by  Duke 
University 
Press 


Patron  and  patriarch: 
Washington  Duke 


REMOVAL 
APPROVAL 
REMEMBERED 


The  world  conflict  of  today  is  not 
more  pronounced  than  was  the  fer- 
ment in  Old  Trinity  in  the  days  of 
the  Class  of  1892.  Now,  we  expect  some 
startling  news  with  the  opening  of  each 
morning's  paper;  then  we  looked  for  some 
stirring  announcement  from  President 
[John  F.]  Crowell  each  new  day.  Now,  the 
world  is  fighting  its  way  into  a  larger  liber- 
ty; then,  Trinity  was  in  the  birth-throes  of 
a  larger  life. 

Only  those  of  us  who  passed  through 
those  memorable  days  of  vision,  of  agony, 
of  prophecy  can  understand.  Calm  indif- 
ference and  active  opposition  met  President 
Crowell  at  every  turn.  But  being  assured 
that  he  was  doing  a  great  work  and  that 
work  should  not  cease,  he  refused  to  be 
turned  aside  and  continued  to  press  his 
cause.  He  agitated,  he  argued,  he  pleaded. 
Finally,  the  North  Carolina  [Methodist] 
Conference  in  session  at  Greensboro  agreed, 
after  prolonged  discussion,  that  the  Col- 
lege should  be  moved. 

Never  did  weary  watcher  welcome  the 
dawn  of  the  morning  with  more  joy  than 
did  we  welcome  the  message  from  Greens- 
boro. We  shouted  and  rang  the  old  college 
bell  and  waited  to  see  what  would  happen 


next,  all  the  time  very  sure  of  the  new  day 
for  Trinity. . . . 

Fellow  alumni,  we  have  not  been  here 
for  a  full  quarter  of  a  century  to  no  pur- 
pose. We  have  seen  and  do  know  some 
things.  We  saw  the  sun  set  for  the  last  time 
on  Trinity  in  old  Randolph.  We  heard  the 
lamentations  of  those  who  bemoaned  the 
departing  glories  of  the  old  college.  We  were 
here  at  the  laying  of  the  cornerstone  of  the 
old  Duke  Building  and  gave  an  exhibition 
game  of  football,  the  first  ever  seen  in 
Durham.  So  you  see,  we  ushered  in  the  new 
era  of  education  that  was  to  be  in  this  city 
of  smoke-stacks  and  spindles. — from  an 
address  by  M.T.  Plyler  '92  at  an  alumni  re- 
union banquet,  Trinity  Alumni  Register, 
My  1917 


RECOLLECTIONS 
FROM  CROWELL 


Remover  and  shaker: 
President  Crowell 


The  removal  of  the  College  grew  out 
of  this  leavening  purpose  to  infuse 
into  the  life  of  the  State  a  more 
forceful  and  better  balanced  type  of  indi- 
viduality, as  a  means  of  meeting  the  prob- 
lems of  the  day.  In  the  building  of  the 
character  of  the  youth,  I  became  con- 
vinced after  a  few 
years  that  the  village 
location  was  relatively 
a  handicap  rather 
than  a  help.  Modern 
conditions  of  business 
and  professional  life 
made  the  readjust- 
ment necessary,  and 
removal  from  isolation 
to  contact  was  but  an 
incident  in  the  larger 
plan  and  purpose. 

Removal  in  itself 
was,  as  I  saw  it,  an  enduring  endowment  of 
resources.  There  was  not  meal  enough  in 
the  quiet  little  village  of  Randolph  for  the 
leaven  of  the  larger  college  ideal  to  work 
upon;  nor  could  the  College,  including 
students,  and  faculty  and  their  families,  get 
the  needed  advantage  of  contact  with  the 
larger  municipality  with  a  life  of  its  own — 
a  life  that  took  pride  in  the  work  of  the 
College  and  must  in  due  time  see  the 
growing  need  of  transmuting  wealth  into 
wisdom  and  learning.  In  short,  the  rural 
village,  with  all  it  merits,  was  not  wide 
enough  a  basis  on  which  to  work  out  Trin- 
ity's destiny.  Only  by  coupling  up  this 
institutional  heart  of  spiritual  power  and 
service  with  the  great  arteries  and  veins  of 
modern  life  could  its  actual  mission  be 
made  good. — President  John  F.  Crowell, 
Trinity  Alumni  Register,  July  1917 


CLEAR  AND  PRESENT 
DANGER 


Editors: 

In  her  interesting  article  "Reading  Be- 
tween the  Lines"  [January-February],  Brid- 
get Booher  notes  that  ties  to  Communism 
do  not  carry  the  stigma  that  ties  to  Nazism 
do.  She's  right,  but  I  think  she  misses  an 
important  reason  for  that. 

Academic  and  artistic  circles  have  long 
been  more  willing  to  overlook  atrocities  by 
Communists  than  those  by  Fascists.  Com- 
munism and  its  collaborators  have  long 
been  (dare  I  say?)  more  "politically  cor- 
rect" than  Nazism.  This  double  standard 
exists  in  spite  of  the  fact  that  Communists 
have  enslaved,  tortured,  and  murdered 
right  up  there  with  the  Nazis  and  beyond. 

Let's  say  an  ad  were  bought  in  The 
Chronicle  asserting  that  the  Gulag,  Stalin 


starving  the  Ukraine,  the  KGB,  and  so  on 
were  simply  fevered  paranoid  fantasies 
spread  by  right-wingers.  Do  you  think  hun- 
dreds would  protest  on  the  Chapel  steps  as 
they  rightly  did  against  the  recent  Holo- 
caust ad?  I  don't  think  so. 

The  reason  this  double  standard  in  aca- 
demia  distresses  me  is  that  it  presents  a  real 
danger.  I  don't  claim  expertise  in  histori- 
ography, but  I  expect,  sooner  or  later,  efforts 
to  revise  away  the  atrocities  of  Commu- 
nism. I  expect  these  attempts  at  historical 
revisionism  to  be  much  more  subtle  and 
sophisticated  than  the  ham-handed  attempts 
to  deny  the  Holocaust.  And  I  fear  that  the 
academic  community  will  utterly  fail  to 
put  the  coming  lies  and  deceptions  in  their 
place.  Will  accurate  accounts  of  the  long 
years  under  Communism  then  be  slowly 
revised  into  oblivion? 

We  must  never  allow  the  evil  committed 
by  the  Nazis  and  their  collaborators  to  be 


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all  is  accessible  year-round  due  to  the  gende  climate. 

Nearby,  you'll  discover  cultural  activities  from 
The  North  Carolina  Symphony  to  the  Durham 
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and  exceptional  medical  facilities  at  Duke  and 
Chapel  Hill.  And  the  Raleigh-Durham  Airport, 
an  American  Airlines  hub,  only  25  minutes  away. 
Treyburn  maintains  impeccable  standards  for 
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looking  for  the  best  place  to  live,  simply  send  in 
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forgotten  or  to  be  revised  into  obscurity. 
We  must  not  allow  the  evil  committed  by 
Communists  and  their  collaborators  to  be 
forgotten  either. 

Mark  Marshall  '83 
Pilot  Point,  Texas 


ROOTS  OF 
CONFUSION 


Editors: 

Is  there  any  way  of  putting  a  curb  on 
your  too-enthusiastic  graphic  designer?  I've 
been  struggling  for  some  time  to  read 
Edward  Gomez's  review  of  Helen  Beving- 
ton's  The  World  and  the  Bo  Tree  [March- 
April].  The  designer's  tree  [on  which  the 
text  of  the  review  overprints],  whatever 
the  species,  is  almost  impenetrable. 

Must  your  magazine  break  up  or  hide  the 
simple  printed  word  with  graphic  stunts  on 
every  page?  Has  illiteracy  gone  that  far? 

Harold  G.  McCurdy  '30,  Ph.D.  '38 
Chapel  Hill,  North  Carolina 

We  apologize  for  obscuring  Gomez's  review 
with  a  tree  that  should  have  faded  more  into 
the  background. 


CONTESTING 
CLAIMS 


Editors: 

Has  it  come  to  pass  that  at  "politically 
correct"  Duke,  one  must  expect  a  less  than 
forthright  response  to  a  discrimination  com- 
plaint by  a  white?  Under  the  headline 
"Sound  Admissions"  in  the  March-April 
issue,  we  learn  that  a  Miss  Elkins  com- 
plained "...a  black  classmate  had  been 
admitted  to  Duke  with  lower  academic 
standing  and  lower  test  scores  solely 
because  of  her  race."  Treating  this  matter 
in  five  paragraphs,  nowhere  do  we  learn 
the  facts  bearing  on  the  charge. 

Instead  of  relating  the  academic  stand- 
ing and  test  scores,  we  are  told  that  the 
Office  of  Civil  Rights  found  that  Duke 
"...provided  legitimate,  nondiscriminatory 

reasons "  Admission  criteria  went  beyond 

academic  achievement  and  test  scores  to 


consider  "...personal  qualities,  and  recom- 
mendations." Is  black  what  is  meant  by 
personal  qualities?  Is  race  norming  a  fact  of 
life  in  recommendations? 

Please  state  the  facts.  Either  Miss  Elkins 
did  or  did  not  have  higher  academic  cre- 
dentials. Either  she  would  or  would  not 
have  been  admitted  if  she  had  been 
described  as  black.  One  need  not  oppose 
diversity  as  a  goal  to  ask  that  Duke  be 
honest  about  its  decisions. 

Richard  L.  Sulzer  '47,  A.M.  '50 
Linwood,  New  Jersey 

Senior  Vice  President  for  Public  Affairs  John 
F.  Bumess  responds:  "Consistent  with  the 
federal  privacy  guidelines  outlined  in  the  Fam- 
ily Education  Right  to  Privacy  Act,  Duke  has 
had  a  longstanding  policy  not  to  release  de- 
tailed information  about  the  academic  records 
of  applicants.  However,  as  the  Office  of  Civil 
Rights  found  in  its  investigation  of  the  claims 
by  Elkins  (and  as  Duke  officials  stated  pub- 
licly at  the  time  that  her  allegation  was  filed 
with  the  Office  of  Civil  Rights) ,  her  claim  that 
a  high  school  classmate  who  was  admitted  to 
Duke  had  lower  academic  standing  and  lower 
test  scores  was  simply  not  correct.  The  OCR 
confirmed  that  on  objective  criteria,  including 
test  scores,  grade  point  average,  and  references, 
the  black  student  (who  ultimately  enrolled  at  an 
Ivy  League  university)  had  superior  credentials. 

Duke  University  is  fortunate  to  be  able  to 
attract  an  extremely  strong  pool  of  applicants . 
Annually  some  40  percent  of  our  applicants, 
indeed  more  than  the  total  number  we  actually 
enroll,  apply  for  admission  to  Duke  with  grade 
point  averages  in  high  school  of  4-0,  the  equiv- 
alent of  a  straight- A  average.  The  rest  of  the 
applicant  pool  is  not  significantly  far  behind. 
Thus,  we  start  with  a  basic  assumption,  strict- 
ly on  academic  grounds,  that  we  have  a 
superb  pool  of  students  from  which  to  select  a 
class.  Our  admissions  committees  try  to  select 
a  class  by  identifying  those  students  who  have 
the  kind  of  attributes  that  fit  best  with  the  in- 
stitutional enrollment  objectives  that  Duke  has 
established.  For  instance,  we  give  an  acknowl- 
edged preference  to  outstanding  applicants  from 
the  Carolinas  and  to  the  children  of  alumni. 
We  also  look  to  put  together  an  overall  class 
with  personal  characteristics  that  distinguish  the 
most  engaging  and  interesting  bright  students 
from  one  another  through,  for  example,  special 
interests,  talents,  leadership,  extracurricular 
activities,  ethnic  and  geographic  origin,  and 
other  factors.  But  Duke  does  not  have  quotas 
for  any  of  these  categories. 

In  the  final  analysis,  our  goal  is  to  put  to- 
gether a  class  of  outstanding  young  people 
who,  in  the  judgment  of  the  admissions  office 
(including  the  faculty  involved  in  reviewing 
the  applicant  pool) ,  can  best  capitalize  on  the 
exceptional  academic  resources  Duke  provides 
and  contribute  to  the  life  of  the  university. 


TRAVEL 
1992 

MANYMORE 

EXCITING 
ADVENTURES 

"The  world  is  a  great  book,  of 

which  they  who  never  stir  from 

home  read  only  a  page." 

St.  Augustine 

We  cordially  invite  you 
to  travel  with  us. 


China  and  Yangtze  River  Cruise 
September  22-October  10 

An  exclusive  itinerary  which  includes  the 
best  of  the  People's  Republic  and  features  an 
unforgettable  three-night  cruise  down  the 
upper  Yangtze  River  and  the  scenic  splendor 
of  the  Three  Gorges,  often  cited  as  the 
world's  most  spectacular  river  scenery.  In 
and  around  Beijing,  you'll  see  the  Great  Wall, 
the  Forbidden  City,  the  Summer  Palace  and 
the  Temple  of  Heaven.  You'll  stop  at  Xi'an  to 
view  the  hundreds  of  recently  excavated 
terra-cotta  warriors  guarding  the  tomb  of  the 
first  emperor  of  a  united  China.  You'll  enjoy 
the  metropolitan  sights  and  pleasures  of 
Shanghai,  China's  largest  city.  Also  available 
is  an  optional  two-night  extension  to  exciting 
Hong  Kong,  where  fabulous  shopping  and 
sightseeing  exist  side  by  side.  To  ensure 


maximum  participant  enjoyment,  group  size 
will  be  limited  to  40.  From  approximately 
$4,895  per  person  from  San  Francisco. 

Grand  Tour  of  Spain 
October  13-26 

This  fall  we  explore  the  old-world  charm 
of  Portugal  and  Spain.  .  .  .  countries  rich  in 
history  and  traditions.  Our  itinerary  begins 
in  Lisbon,  capital  city  of  Portugal  and  con- 
tinues with  visits  to:  Seville,  Cordoba, 
Granada  and  cosmopolitan  Madrid.  Via 
secondary  roads  and  quiet,  rural  by-ways  we 
experience  the  countryside  that  reflects  the 
character  of  these  proud  people.  A  special 
selection  of  optional  excursions  will  include; 
flamenco  in  Seville,  El  Escorial  and  Valley  of 
the  Fallen  and  Avila  and  Segovia.  Approxi- 
mately $3,100  from  New  York. 

Greek  Isles  &  Ancient  Civilizations 
November  14-27 

The  ancient  wonders  of  a  lost  civilization 
wait  for  you  when  you  join  fellow  Duke 
alumni  and  friends  for  an  odyssey  through 
time.  Travel  to  the  mysteries  of  Cairo, 
Istanbul  and  Pompeii;  experience  the  cul- 
tures that  formed  world  history  in  Rome, 
Ephesus  and  Athens.  And  in  between,  touch 
the  pristine  beauty  of  the  romantic  islands 
of  Greece:  Patmos,  Rhodes  and  Crete.  Your 
home  for  this  14-day  air/sea  adventure  will 
be  Royal  Cruise  Line's  elegant  Golden 
Odyssey— long  a  favorite  of  Duke  alumni. 
Prices  begin  at  $2,715  including  free  air 
from  major  cities. 

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Our  Amazon  is  different  from  everyone 
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ame                                                                                                                                                                                                    Class 

Address 

City 

Stale 

Zip 

THE  REST  OF 
THE  STORY 


Editors: 

Many  thanks  for  the  recognition  given 
me  in  the  Class  Notes  section  of  your 
March- April  1992  issue.  Regrettably,  my 
wife,  Margaret  Ford  Grigg  '56;  my  daugh- 
ter, Anne  Grigg  Melson  '81;  my  son-in- 
law,  Dave  Melson  '80;  and  my  daughter, 
Mary  Lynne  Grigg  J.D.  '92  are  a  bit  miffed 
that  their  Duke  connections  were  not 
acknowledged  as  well. 

We  are,  in  fact,  all  Dukies,  except  son 
John  (who  sold  out  to  Carolina  for  a  tennis 
scholarship)  and  daughter-in-law  Amy  (the 
best  thing  to  come  out  of  Chapel  Hill!). 
John  and  Amy,  however,  are  enrolled  in 
remedial  classes  in  hopes  of  1 )  overcoming 
obvious  educational  deficiencies,  2)  gain- 
ing reinstatement  to  the  will,  and  3 )  being 
able  to  prepare  their  beautiful  daughters 
for  admission  to  Duke  classes  '10  and  '12, 
along  with  their  Melson  cousins. 

William  H.  Grigg  '54,  LL.B.  '58 
Charlotte,  North  Carolina 


Thank  you  for  the  update.  The  source  of  your 


class  note  was  a  press  release  from  Duke 
Power  Company,  which  included  only  your 
personal  Duke  connection.  Press  releases  and 
newspaper  clippings  comprise  about  half  of  the 
material  we  receive  for  class  notes. 

Alumni  are  encouraged  to  write  us  with  up- 
dates; and  please  include  Duke  family  connec- 
tions so  that  we  can  share  them  with  our 
readers.  Check  the  beginning  of  the  class  notes 
section  for  information  on  submitting  your  news. 


FORTIES  FROSH 
FIRST 


Editors: 

In  the  "Retrospectives"  section  of  your 
March-April  issue  appeared  an  article 
[from  the  1972  Alumni  Register],  "Fresher 
Frosh,"  which  stated,  in  part:  "Eighty  new 
freshmen  joined  the  student  body  in  Jan- 
uary, when  for  the  first  time,  the  university 
admitted  students  at  the  middle  of  the  aca- 
demic year.  Previously,  all  Duke  freshmen 
began  their  college  careers  in  September." 

Not  so.  They  were  the  second  group.  In 
January  1943,  I  and  thirty-two  others  start- 
ed in  the  Engineering  School.  There  were 
also  a  number  that  started  in  "Pansy  Vil- 


Oulre  University  Diet 
and  Fitness  Center  for 
a  weight  loss  plan 
thai  works. 
The  DFC  is  a  medically 
supervised  program 
that  has  improved 
thousands  of  lives. 
For  16  years,  we  have 
keen  helping  people 
lose  weight  and  become 


exercise  programs  are 
personalized  for  you. 
Stays  of  various  lengths 
are  available. 

For  more  information,  call 
us  now  at  (919)684-6331 

Or  write  to  the 

Duke  University  Diet  &  Fitness  Center 

DUMCBox2914-L 

Durham,  NC  27710. 


Duke  University  Diet  A  Fitness  Center 

It's  more  than  just  a  weight-loss  program. 
It's  a  healthful  way  of  life! 


lage"  (the  Engineering  appellation  for 
Trinity  College).  We  were  known  initially 
as  the  Class  of  '46-11.  However,  the  Navy 
V-12  program,  started  on  July  1,  1943,  was 
accelerated  to  three  semesters  a  year.  So  I 
and  others  graduated  in  October  1945. 

E.S.  Stockslager  B.S.M.E.  '45 
Polaski,  Tennessee 


SCURRILOUS 
SUGGESTIONS 


Editors: 

Spoiling  an  otherwise  fine  piece  of  jour- 
nalism ("The  Press  for  Success")  in  the 
May-June  issue,  writer  Debra  Blum 
employed  the  low-brow  technique  of  lend- 
ing substance,  however  thinly  disguised,  to 
innuendo  concerning  [basketball  star] 
Christian  Laettner's  sexual  persuasion. 
That  technique  smacks  of  putting  an 
exclamation  point  after  her  so-called 
"rumors  that  had  been  mere  whispers  on 
Duke's  campus  for  years."  (Whispers7.  For 
years7.)  This  is  not  reporting! 

Considering  the  way  Christian  bashes 
around  and  steps  on  the  very  gender  he  is 
supposedly  so  enamored  of,  I  think  her 
comments  should  be  deemed  scurrilous. 
Fortunately  for  Magic  Johnson,  in  one  way 
at  least,  his  career  was  virtually  over  when 
the  media  began  their  insinuations.  Chris- 
tian has  not  even  started  yet;  and  I  think  it 
appalling  for  a  Duke  alumna  to  even 
remotely  give  characterization  to  such 
sophomoric  drivel.  It  is  unprincipled  for  an 
alumni  magazine  to  allow  an  unbridled 
contributing  writer  to  undercut  a  fellow 
graduate's  great  achievement  by  placing 
him  as  a  possible  object  of  scorn  and 
ridicule  in  the  professional  ranks. 

I  can  only  hope  the  rest  of  us  will  dis- 
count such  negative  hype  and  allow  Chris- 
tian to  pursue  his  basketball  and  possible 
movie  careers,  as  well  as  his  personal  life, 
as  he  deems  fit.  All  of  his  moves  are 
nobody's  business  but  his  own. 

Ken  Hulbert  '55 

Santa  Barbara,  California 

Writer  Blum's  observations  did  not  concern 
themselves  with  the  substance  behind  this  par- 
ticular "innuendo."  She  was,  rather,  describ- 
ing the  attention — some  of  it  unwelcome  and 
inappropriate — that  comes  inevitably  from 
inhabiting  the  media  spotlight. 


DUKE  GAZETTE 

Williams  College's  dance  faculty. 

Since  its  1934  founding  in  Bennington, 
Vermont,   the  American   Dance   Festival 
has  drawn  world-wide  acclaim  for  both  its 
school    and    its    ground-breaking    perfor- 
mances. It  took  up  residence  at  Duke  in 
1978.  The  scene  of  350  premieres,  the  ADF 
has  hosted  every  major  American  modern 
dance  company,  including  those  of  Martha 
Graham,  Erick  Hawkins,  Paul  Taylor,  Merce 
Cunningham,    Alvin    Ailey,    and    Twyla 
Tharp,    and   has   continually   encouraged 
young  talent. 

Several  mini-ADF's  followed  the  festi- 
val's July  25  close  in  Durham.  A  series  of 
modern  American  dance  companies  will 
bring  a  mini-ADF  to  Seoul  in  August,  then 
take  up  residence  in  Moscow  in  Septem- 
ber. The  first  mini-ADF  to  take  place  in 
the  United  States,  ADF/West,  will  open  at 
the  University  of  Utah  in  Salt  Lake  City 
August  1. 

DRAMA'S  NEW 
LEAD 

■■he  former  associate  director  of  the 
M^ Harvard-based  American  Repertory 
1   Theater  is  the  new  director  of  Duke's 
drama  program.  Richard  V.  Riddell,  the 
founding  director  of  A.R.T.'s  Institute  for 
Advanced  Theater  Training,  has  also  been 
appointed   distinguished   professor  of  the 
practice  of  drama. 

A  scholar  noted  for  his  commentary  on 
arts  and  education  and  his  work  on  theater 
design    in    twentieth-century    Germany, 
Riddell  has  earned  major  awards,  including 
a  Tony  Award  and  a  Drama  Desk  Award 
for  his  lighting  design  for  the  Broadway 
musical  Big  River. 

Riddell  is  the  former  head  ot  the  Profes- 
sional Theatre  Training  Program  and  chair- 
man of  the  theater  department  at  the  Uni- 
versity  of  California   at   San   Diego.    He 
graduated  from  Knox  College;  his  Ph.D.  in 
theater    history    and    design    came    from 
Stanford  University. 

Riddell   has   received   grants   from   the 
National  Endowment  for  the  Humanities 
and  the  German  Academic  Exchange  Ser- 
vice. His  designs  have  been  produced  at 
many  U.S.  and  English  theaters  and  opera 
companies,  as  well  as  at  the  premieres  of 

FESTIVAL'S 
FIFTEENTH 

■|he  American  debuts  of  five  Spanish 
H   and  Latin  American  modern  dance 
1   troupes  highlighted  the  1992  Ameri- 
can Dance  Festival,  which  brought  six  weeks 
of  performance  and  pedagogy  to  Durham  for 
the  fifteenth  time  in  June.  The  series  opened 
with  the  popular  Pilobolus  and  closed  with 
the  Paul  Taylor  Dance  Company. 

Three    Latin   American    artists,    Costa 
Rica's  Losdenmium,  the  Ecuadorian  modem 
dance  company  Aulmomonto,  and  soloist 
Susana  Reyes,  also  from  Ecuador,  premiered 
at  the  festival,  along  with  Spanish  first-runs 
Danat  Danza  and  soloist  Monica  Valen- 
ciano.    Danat    Danza,    a    twelve-member, 
Barcelona-based  company,  debuted  in  July 
with  a  full-evening  work  based  on  Goya's 
Los    Caprichos.    Argentina's    Nucleodanza 
returned  in  June  after  a  two-year  hiatus 
from  the  festival  to  share  a  program  with 
Valenciano.  The  session  accentuated  the 
similarities  and  differences  between  Latin 
American  and  Spanish  dance. 

Pulling  together  in  Page  Auditorium:  The  Dayton 
Contemporary  Dance  Company 

The  festival  opened  with  a  June  13  con- 
vocation at  which  Daniel  Nagrin  was  pre- 
sented the  1992  Balasaraswati/Joy  Ann 
Dewey  Beinecke  Chair  for  Distinguished 
Teaching.  Nagrin,  a  senior  lecturer  at  Ari- 
zona State  University,  was  praised  as  "the 
rarest  of  teachers"  whose  classes  in  dance 
composition  and  improvisation  "have  in- 
fluenced generations  of  dance  teachers  and 
lit  creative  fires  in  young  modern  dancers." 
Nagrin  was  once  voted  "Best  Male  Dancer" 
for  his  on-Broadway  work  with  Helen 
Tamiris,  a  founder  of  modern  dance  in 
America,  with  whom  Nagrin  co-directed 
the  Tamiris-Nagrin  Dance  Company.  The 
author  of  several  books  on  dance,  includ- 
ing How  To  Dance  Forever,  Nagrin  taught 
classes  in  dance  composition  and  repertory 
at  the  ADF's  six-week  school. 

The  endowed  chair  was  established  in 
1991  to  pay  tribute  to  the  great  teachers  of 
dance  and  to  celebrate  the  memories  of 
Balasaraswati,  the  legendary  Indian  teacher 
and  dancer,  and  Joy  Ann  Dewey  Beinecke, 
a  highly-praised  teacher  and  a  member  of 

several  operas,  including  three  by  compos- 
er Philip  Glass.  Riddell  says  he  plans  to 
continue  a  long  professional  relationship 
with  the  English  National  Opera. 

After  on-campus  meetings  with  Duke 
Drama  students  and  faculty,  Riddell  said 
he  hopes  to  strengthen  the  Broadway  Pre- 
view Series,  which  began  in  1985  and  has 
brought  to  Duke  productions  like  Meta- 
morphosis with  Mikhail  Baryshnikov  and 
The  Circle  with  Rex  Harrison.  "It's  impor- 
tant that  the  professional  presence  of  the- 
ater be  found  on  campus,"  says  Riddell, 
"and  a  series  like  this  brings  students  into 
contact  with  people  who  would  not  be 
teaching  at  Duke." 

Riddell's  long-range  plans  for  Duke 
Drama  include  centralizing  campus  perfor- 
mance space  in  a  single  location  to  remedy 
the  current  dispersion.  He  will  also  work  to 
gain  departmental  status  for  the  program, 
which  would  mean  increased  funding  and 
tenure  for  professors.  Many  drama  faculty 
now  receive  one-year  renewable  contracts, 
resulting  in  a  high  faculty  turnover  rate. 

Riddell  replaces  David  Ball,  who  left 
Duke  in  March  1991  amid  controversy 
over  his  administrative  style.  English  pro- 
fessor Dale  Randall  served  as  interim  direc- 
tor through  the  1991-92  academic  year. 


HOSPITAL  HEAD 
RESIGNS 

Duke  Hospital's  chief  executive  offi- 
cer resigned  in  May  after  less  than 
one  year  in  the  position.  W.  Vick- 
ery  Stoughton,  vice  chancellor  at  the  med- 
ical center  since  July  1991,  cited  a  lack  of 
autonomy  and  authority  as  his  reasons  for 
leaving. 

In  a  written  statement,  Chancellor  for 
Health  Affairs  Ralph  Snyderman  said  that 
Stoughton  "came  to  Duke  from  an  envi- 
ronment in  which  he  enjoyed  CEO  auton- 
omy as  the  executive  leader  of  the  Toronto 
Hospital.  Given  that  experience,  he  has 
found  a  university-owned  hospital  such  as 
Duke  to  be  unable  to  provide  a  similar  level 
of  autonomy  and  authority."  Stoughton 
had  served  ten  years  as  CEO  at  Toronto. 

"The  level  of  responsibility  and  autono- 
my that  I  have  enjoyed  in  my  previous 
positions,  where  I  was  running  a  multi- 
hospital  teaching  and  research  institution 
somewhat  larger  than  Duke  Hospital,  simply 
isn't  possible  in  this  comprehensive  medical 
complex,"  said  Stoughton.  Days  after  his  res- 
ignation from  Duke,  Stoughton  accepted  the 
presidency  of  the  clinical  laboratory  division 
of  SmithKline  Beechem,  one  of  the  world's 
largest  pharmaceutical  firms.  Stoughton's 


division  is  the  largest  clinical  laboratory 
network  in  the  United  States. 

The  first  non-physician  to  head  the  hos- 
pital in  two  decades,  Stoughton  was  brought 
in  to  make  the  hospital  more  cost-effective 
by  consolidating  operations  and  reducing 
the  work  force,  using  the  Canadian  health 
system  as  a  model.  Stoughton  hoped  to 
bring  costs  under  control  at  one  of  the 
state's  most  expensive  hospitals,  where  fees 
have  risen  more  than  9.5  percent  during 
the  last  two  years. 

Snyderman  is  spearheading  a  national 
search  for  Stoughton's  successor,  and  says 
he  expects  to  choose  a  new  CEO  within  a 
few  months. 


GRADUATION 
WITH  HONORS 


Urging  Duke's  Class  of  1992  to  work 
to  "transform  America  in  the 
1990s,"  children's  rights  activist 
Marian  Wright  Edelman  (above)  treated 
participants  in  May's  graduation  exercises 
to  her  "favorite  Sojourner  Truth  story." 

An  "old  illiterate  slave  woman"  who  is 
Edelman's  role  model,  Truth  was  once 
speaking  out  against 
slavery  when  a  heck- 
ler stood  up  and  said, 
"Old  woman,  I  don't 
care  any  more  for 
your  anti-slavery  talk 
than  for  an  old  flea 
bite."  Truth  shot 
right  back:  "That's  all 
right,  the  Lord  will- 
ing, I'm  going  to  keep 
you  scratching." 

"So  often  we  get 
overwhelmed  by 
complex  problems  of 
violence  and  poverty 


and  misguided  investment  priorities  of  our 
nation,"  said  Edelman,  who  is  president 
and  founder  of  the  Washington-based 
Children's  Defense  Fund.  "We  think  we 
have  to  be  a  big  dog  and  make  a  big  differ- 
ence. We  all  just  have  to  commit  to  being 
a  big  strategic  biting  flea!  Enough  fleas 
biting  strategically  can  make  very  big  dogs 
uncomfortable  and  transform  very  big 
nations." 

As  the  main  speaker  at  Duke's  140th 
commencement,  Edelman  addressed  a 
graduating  class  of  3,054 — 1,510  under- 
graduates 
and  1,544 
graduate  and 
professional 
students — 
amid  13,000 
family  and 
friends.  Edel- 
man told  her 
audience 
that  every 
fifty-three 
minutes,  an 
American 
child  dies 
from  poverty.  "It's  disgrace- 
ful that  we  let  children  be 
the  poorest  Americans."  For 
too  many  Americans,  she 
said,  "the  standard  for  suc- 
cess...has  become  personal 
greed  rather  than  common 
good.  The  standard  for  striv- 
ing and  achievement  has 
become  getting  by  rather 
than  making  an  extra  effort 
or  serving  others....  As 
communism  is  collapsing 
all  around  the  world,  the 
American  dream  is  collapsing  all  around 
America  for  millions  of  families  and  youth 
and  children." 

President  H.  Keith  H.  Brodie  presented 
Edelman  with  the  honorary  degree  doctor 
of  humane  letters.  He  praised  her  for 
"devoting  your  life  to  public  service  on 
behalf  of  the  powerless  of  society,"  and 
for  her  "passionate 
commitment  to  edu- 


r^r 


eating  our  nation 
about  the  needs  of 
its  children."  Born 
in  Bennettsville, 
South  Carolina, 
Edelman  was  the 
first  black  woman 
admitted  to  the 
Mississippi  Bar. 

Civic  leader  Elna 
B.  Spaulding,  the 
first  black  woman 
elected  to  the  Dur- 
ham County  Board 


htto 


higher  education  that  serves  the  best  inter- 
ests of  the  nation." 


of  Commissioners,  also  was  honored  with  a 
doctorate  of  humane  letters.  The  organizer 
of  Women  in  Action  for  the  Prevention  of 
Violence  and  its  Causes,  she  was  recog- 
nized for  creating  an  organization  that  "has 
become  a  vital  community  resource  pro- 
viding emergency  services  for  people  in 
need,"  and  for  having  been  "a  potent  force 
for  moral  strength  and  humane  under- 
standing in  a  sometimes  troubled  but 
always  grateful  community." 


POST-GRADUATE 
GRANTS 


An  honorary  doctor  of  science  degree 
went  to  computer  pioneer  Robert  R. 
Everett  B.S.E.E.  '42.  "You  have  dedicated 
your  life  to  serving  the  welfare  of  the 
nation  through  creative  and  historic  ad- 
vances in  computer  technology,"  the  cita- 
tion noted.  Through  three  decades  with 


the  Mitre  Corporation,  a 
defense  research  think  tank, 
Everett  was  a  leader  in  bring- 
ing electronic  communica- 
tions networks  to  the  FAA, 
NASA,  and  the  Depart- 
ment of  Defense. 

Also  receiving  an  hon- 
orary doctor  of  science 
degree  was  experimental 
embryologist  James  D. 
Ebert,  who  was  cited  for  having  "helped 
create  the  twentieth-century  revolution  in 
biotechnology."  During  thirty  years  of 
leading  Washington's  Carnegie  In- 
stitution— first  as  director  of  embryology 
and  then  as  president — and  a  decade  at 
the  Marine  Biological  Laboratory  at 
Woods  Hole,  Ebert  "multiplied  the  cre- 
ativity of  countless  others  and  left  an 
indelible  mark  on  American  science." 

Former  Duke  chancellor  and  law  school 
dean  A.  Kenneth  Pye  received  an  hon- 
orary doctor  of  laws  degree.  Pye  has  been 
president  of  Southern  Methodist  Universi- 
ty since  1987.  Brodie  praised  Pye  for  his 
long-standing  commitment  to  the  goals  of 
liberal  arts  education:  "[F]or  over  twenty 
years  you  cherished,  defended,  and  helped 
build  Duke  University....  [Y]ou  have  set  a 
public   example   of  ethical   leadership   in 


Several  of  Duke's  newest  graduates 
and  a  rising  senior  have  garnered  na- 
tional and  international  fellowships 
recognizing  their  achievements  at  Duke. 

Chemistry  major  Malisa  V.  Troutman  '92 
is  the  tenth  Duke  student  to  win  one  of 
the    prestigious    Churchill    Scholarships, 
which  awards  her  a  year's  graduate  study  at 
the  University  of  Cambridge's  Churchill 
College.  After  leaving  England  with  the 
degree  of  master  of  philosophy  in  natural 
science,   the    Dothan,    Alabama,   native 
will  cont  i  n  u  e    her   studies  as  a  Na- 
tional Science  Foundation  graduate  fellow. 
Troutman's  classmate  Gregory  K.  Davis 
is  one  of  fifteen  college  graduates  across 
the  nation  selected  by  the  Henry  Luce 
Foundation  for  its  Luce  Scholars  program. 
The  annual  program  offers  a  select  group 
of  young  Americans  an  in- 
ternship in  Asia  designed 
"to  create  a  new  awareness 
of  Asia  among  future  lead- 
ers in  American  society," 
according     to    foundation 
officials.    Davis,    from    La 
Jolla,   California,    majored 
in  both  biology  and  philos- 
ophy at  Duke  as  a  Charles 
A.  Dukes  Scholar,  a  merit- 
based  award  sponsored  by 
the  Duke  Alumni  Associa- 
tion. He  will  begin  his  ten- 
month  work  assignment  in 
mid-September. 

Two  1992  Duke  gradu- 
ates, both  A.B.  Duke  Scholars,  English 
majors,  and  Florida  natives,  are  1992 
Mellon  Fellows.  Endowed  by  the  Mellon 
Foundation,  the  fellowships  recognize  ex- 
cellence in  undergraduate  humanities 
work,  fund  graduate  study  in  humanistic 
fields,  and  encourage  careers  in  scholarship 
and  teaching. 

Leigh  Edwards,  a  co-founder  of  the 
Round  Table,  Duke's  community-service 
theme  dorm,  will  work  on  her  English 
doctorate  on  twentieth-century  and 
Renaissance  literature  as  a  Mellon 
Fellow  and  a  Benjamin  Franklin  Graduate 
Fellow  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania. 
Steven  Newman,  editor  of  Duke's  literary 
journal,  The  Archive,  and  the  organizer  of 
the  Blackburn  Literary  Festival  this  past 
spring,  will  continue  his  studies  in  poetry  and 
literature   as  a   Mellon   Fellow  and   Ph.D. 


$9 


candidate  in  English  at  Johns  Hopkins. 

Elizabeth  Misol  '93,  an  economics  major 
from  Des  Moines,  Iowa,  is  the  winner  of  a 
Harry  S  Truman  Scholarship.  The  scholar- 
ship— which  helps  finance  her  senior  year  at 
Duke  and  graduate  study — recognizes  public 
service  efforts  and  demonstrated  potential 
in  government  and  leadership  work. 


ON  THE  CAMPAIGN 
TRAIL 


Once  and  perhaps  future  Republi- 
can presidential  candidate  Patrick 
J.  Buchanan  brought  his  traveling 
defense  of  Western  values  to  Duke's  Bald- 
win Auditorium  in  April.  In  a  coordinated 
protest  that  interrupted  Buchanan  six 
times  as  he  opened  his  remarks,  students 
accused  Buchanan  of  insensitivity  to 
Holocaust  victims,  AIDS  victims,  and  gay 
and  lesbian  rights.  Buchanan  advised  his 
detractors  to  "lay  down  and  play  dead." 

Taking  up  "the  duty  of  the  well-educat- 
ed," Buchanan,  a  leading  conservative 
television  political  commentator,  promised 
to  "close  and  fumigate"  the  National  En- 
dowment for  the  Arts,  which  he  says  has 
betrayed  the  taxpayers  who  support  it  by 
indiscriminately  funding  art  that  contra- 
dicts American  values.  By  supporting  con- 
troversial artists  such  as  the  late  Robert 
Mapplethorpe,  Buchanan  said,  the  NEA 
has  put  art  on  the  front  lines  in  the  "war 
for  the  American  soul."  He  charged  his 
audience  to  badger  the  wavering  Bush 
administration  to  "de-fund"  the  avant- 
garde  opponents  of  "American  values"  and 
"seek  out  and  support  artists  who  deserve  it." 

Buchanan  directed  many  of  his  remarks 
at  the  proponents  of  "multiculturalism" 
among  the  educational  establishment.  He 
accused  American  universities  of  practicing 
reverse  discrimination  to  fill  racial  quotas 
on  their  admissions  agendas.  Reviewing 
fifty  years  of  admissions  inequities,  Buchanan 
said,  "As  Jewish- Americans  once  paid  the 
price  of  success  in  an  Ivy  League  that  kept 
them  out  because  they  were  Jews,  Asian- 
Americans  and  white  Americans  pay  the 
price  today  in  lost  dreams....  A  quota  is  a 
quota  is  a  quota.  You  do  not  change  the 
evil  chemistry  of  a  racial  quota  simply  by 
changing  color." 

Best  known  for  his  fiery  commentary  on 
such  political  television  staples  as  CNN's 
Firing  Line  and  PBS's  McLaughlin  Round 
Table,  Buchanan  has  also  served  as  a  key 
adviser  to  Presidents  Nixon  and  Reagan. 
Of  his  former  colleagues  in  the  Nixon 
administration,  Buchanan  said,  "I'm  the 
only  member  of  the  inner  circle  who  could 


40 


have  come  here  tonight  without  consult- 
ing his  parole  officer." 

Also  on  the  campaign  front,  James  B. 
Duke  Professor  of  Political  Science  James 
David  Barber  has  made  a  national  splash 
by  opposing  vehemently  the  campaign  of 
independent  candidate  and  Texas  busi- 
nessman H.  Ross  Perot.  Calling  the  Perot 
candidacy  "a  dangerous  piece  of  national 
absurdness,"  Barber  likens  electing  Perot 
president  of  the  world's  most  powerful 
nation  to  asking  a  musician  to  fix  a  broken 
car.  Dissatisfied  with  mainstream  party 
candidates  George  Bush  and  Bill  Clinton, 
voters  have  turned  in  desperation  to  Perot, 
"an  unknown  alternative"  with  "no  real 
political  experience,"  says  Barber. 

Barber  says  he  doesn't  believe  Perot  has 
a  legitimate  chance  of  becoming  president. 
In  his  view,  the  in-depth  reporting  of  the 
candidates  that  will  occur  after  the  nation- 
al political  conventions  will  persuade  the 
public  that  Perot  doesn't  have  the  experi- 
ence for  the  job. 


LANDFILL  NOT 
LIKELY 


A  request  to  begin  geologic  testing  of 
a  site  in  Duke  Forest  as  a  possible 
location  for  an  Orange  County 
landfill  received  the  go-ahead  from  Duke 
officials  in  April.  Norman  L.  Christensen, 
dean  of  Duke's  School  of  the  Environment, 
reiterated  the  university's  belief  that  the 
site,  located  in  the  Blackwood  Division  of 
the  forest,  is  unsuitable  for  a  landfill. 

"We  believe  the  ongoing  environmental 
research  at  that  site  and  the  property's 
educational  value  are  in  themselves  ample 
reasons  not  to  locate  a  landfill  there," 
Christensen  said.  "Beyond  the  importance 
of  the  research,  information  gathered  by 
engineering  confirms  that  the  site  is 
unsuitable  for  a  landfill.  We  believe  that 
once  the  landfill  search  committee  and 
Orange  County's  own  engineers  have  had 
a  chance  to  inspect  the  site,  they  can 
move  on  to  finding  a  more  effective  solu- 
tion to  Orange  County's  solid  waste  dis- 
posal problem." 

Members  of  the  Orange  County  Landfill 
Search  Committee  voted  at  a  late-March 
meeting  to  conduct  geologic  testing  on 
four  sites  being  considered  for  the  landfill. 
They  also  discussed  the  likelihood  that 
owners  of  some  of  the  property  involved 
will  resist  the  county's  efforts  to  conduct 
the  tests  and  that  legal  action  might  be 
required  to  gain  access  to  some  property. 

Christensen  said  studies  conducted  by 
Barrett  Kays  and  Associates,  an  engineer- 


ing firm  from  Raleigh,  indicate  several 
physical  characteristics  of  the  Blackwood 
Division  site  that  would  affect  its  suitabili- 
ty for  a  landfill.  These  include  shallow 
bedrock,  the  presence  of  wetlands  under 
jurisdiction  of  the  U.S.  Army  Corps  of 
Engineers,  and  the  possible  location  there 
of  two  federally  protected  plant  species. 


BALANCED 
BUDGET 


Many  of  the  nation's  most  presti- 
gious universities  are  resorting 
to  hiring  freezes,  reductions  in 
faculty  size,  and  across-the-board  budget 
cuts  to  deal  with  multimillion-dollar 
deficits.  But  Duke's  board  of  trustees  ap- 
proved a  balanced  1992-93  operating  bud- 
get of  $392.7  million  at  a  meeting  gradua- 
tion weekend.  The  decision  comes  on  the 
heels  of  the  announcement  of  an  expected 
surplus  of  $1.5  million  for  1991-92.  Half  of 
that  sum  will  be  used  to  strengthen  univer- 
sity programs,  and  half  will  go  into  an 
interest  stabilization  fund. 

Those  numbers  stood  in  welcome  con- 
trast to  preliminary  figures  reported  in 
December.  Then  the  board  was  told  of  the 
need  for  the  university  to  close  a  projected 
$2-million  shortfall  for  the  1991-92  fiscal 
year  and  a  potential  gap  of  $2.2  million  be- 
tween revenue  and  expenditures  in  the  bud- 
get under  development  for  the  coming  year. 

Even  Duke's  December  projections 
would  have  been  welcome  at  many  leading 
private  research  universities,  now  prepar- 
ing to  close  the  books  on  one  of  the  tough- 
est years  in  recent  memory.  Stanford  Uni- 
versity, for  example,  projects  a  $95-million 
budget  shortfall  over  the  next  two  years; 
Brown  imposed  a  hiring  freeze  last  year 
and  has  given  no  cost-of-living  raises  in 
the  last  two  years.  Similarly  tight  condi- 
tions are  reported  at  Columbia,  the  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania,  and  other  leading 
universities.  "When  compared  with  the 
financial  difficulties  experienced  at  Yale, 
Stanford,  and  a  number  of  other  institu- 
tions that  have  had  to  cut  tens  of  millions 
of  dollars  to  retrench  existing  positions, 
and  still  don't  have  a  balanced  budget, 
Duke  is  in  very  good  shape,"  says  Provost 
Thomas  Langford  B.D.  '54,  Ph.D.  '58. 

Duke's  own  budget  battles  have  been 
aided  by  unforeseen  events  such  as  hun- 
dreds of  thousands  of  dollars  in  sales  of 
memorabilia  honoring  the  men's  national 
basketball  championship.  University  offi- 
cials say  that  a  comprehensive  effort  to  set 
clear  priorities  and  to  cut  costs  throughout 
the  university  has  played  a  larger  role  in 
Duke's  fiscal  well-being. 


LIBRARIES 

Continued  from  page  1 6 


that  possibility  becomes  the  focus  of  a 
librarian's  job,  the  values  and  skills  long 
prized  in  the  profession  may  lose  their  pre- 
eminence, he  says.  "My  staff  has  a  respon- 
sibility to  conceive  of  a  future  it  doesn't 
understand  and  which  may  exclude  it." 

"It'll  be  different,"  Rich  Hines  concedes. 
"We  have  a  lot  of  people  cataloging  hard- 
copy  books  now.  But  if  people  can  get 
access  to  them  electronically,  we'll  have 
people  doing  a  different  function:  main- 
taining that  electronic  collection."  Says 
Ken  Berger,  "There  will  be  other  roles. 
Some  of  them  are  transitional  roles.  A  lot 
of  the  things  that  don't  exist  in  digital 
form  now  will  have  to  be  converted.... 
There'll  be  professional  judgment  as  to 
which  things  get  preserved,  because  not 
everything  should  be." 

Borrowing  a  phrase  from  the  president 
of  Apple  Computers,  Campbell  character- 
izes the  fully-functional  modern  librarian 
and  library  as  "knowledge  navigators."  "If 
the  sources  are  machines,"  Campbell  says, 
"there  is  a  new  role  created,  which  is  not  a 
role  for  which  librarians  have  been  histori- 
cally trained.  We're  talking  about  someone 
whose  skills  are  in  understanding  and 
developing  systems." 

As  the  library  becomes  more  oriented 
toward  providing  information  on  the  user's 
terms — or  more  often,  on  the  user's  turf — 
librarians  have  to  re-invent  themselves  as 
electronic  facilitators.  The  transformation 
is  a  matter  of  surrender  and  control — that 
is,  surrendering  to  the  way  technology  has 
changed  research  and  information  access, 
and  controlling  the  tools  of  that  techno- 
logical revolution.  Vice  Provost  for  Aca- 
demic Computing  Gail  Corrado  compares 
the  electronic  revolution  in  disseminating 
and  manipulating  information  to  the  early 
experiments  of  the  film  industry  in  the  late 
nineteenth  century.  "Really  the  most  seri- 
ous things  that  were  done  in  the  beginning 
were  films  of  plays  and,  in  computers, 
that's  what  we're  still  doing.  In  the  first 
pass  of  computing,  we  couldn't  use  the 
machine's  power  to  do  anything  other  than, 
more  or  less,  computerize  the  paper  trail." 

The  responsibility  for  going  past  those 
primitive,  limited  uses  belongs  not  just  to 
the  librarians  who  facilitate  the  change.  In 
research  and  teaching  in  the  humanities, 
much  of  the  burden  of  profitable  manipu- 
lation falls  on  the  professors  themselves. 
They  need  to  use  the  computers  not  just  to 
answer  more  quickly  questions  they  had 
asked  before,  but  to  broaden  the  scope  of 
the  questions  they  ask. 

Duke  Romance  Languages  chair  Jean- 
Jacques  Thomas  notes  that  computerized 


ELECTRONIC  RESOURCES  FOR  SIGHT  AND  SOUND 


While  art  historian 
David  Castriota  is 
quick  to  attest  to 
the  handiness  of  database  pro- 
grams for  his  research  in  writ- 
ten history,  he  says  that  com- 
puterized "lexing"  in  art 
remains  lamentably  inaccessi- 
ble. 

"Art  history  lags  far  behind 
literary  study,"  in  terms  of  the 
adaptability  of  research  needs 
to  current  computer  capabili- 
ties, he  says.  Researchers  in 
art  history  "can't  search  for 
iconographic  patterns  in  com- 
puter databases,"  because  the 
identifications  are  only  as  reli- 
able as  the  written  descrip- 
tions attached  to  them.  "You 
can't  get  a  description  of  every 
element  of  every  piece  of  art," 
he  says.  Work  that  is  becom- 
ing commonplace  in  other 
fields  is  still,  he  says,  "very 
difficult"  to  equal  in  art  his- 
tory. 

For  professors  and  students 
in  Duke's  music  department, 
the  capacity  of  computers  to 
assist  and  enhance  their 
research  and  composition  is 
an  entirely  different  story.  "I 
think  we  have  a  great  advan- 
tage over  art,"  says  music 
chair  Alexander  Silbiger,  "in 
that  we  can  precisely  specify 
the  pitch,  the  duration,  the 
tone  color." 

Any  given  piece  of  sheet 
music  can  be  logged  into  a 
databank  for  on-line  searching 
and  retrieval  with  the  pinpoint 
accuracy  of  a  compact  disc. 
"Basically,  when  you  listen  to 
a  CD,"  he  says,  "what  you 


have  is  a  digital  representation 
of  a  piece.  We  can  do  the  same 
thing — and  work  with  repre- 
sentations just  as  accurate." 

That  compatibility  of 
medium  and  machine  allows 
all  sorts  of  applications.  "One 
of  the  things  that  people  can 
do  with  music  as  well  as  with 
literature  is  clear  up  questions 
about  authorship,"  says  Sil- 
biger. 

Where  a  literary  scholar 
might  take  an  unidentified 
work  and  ask,  "Does  this  read 
like  Shakespeare?"  a  student 
of  music  history  might  do  the 
same  with  a  composer  by 
identifying  repeated  themes  in 
the  musician's  work. 

"If  this  piece  is  by  Mozart, 
or  by  Haydn,  the  machine 
could  tell  us.  But  it's  not 


always  that  s 

sonal  style  is  a  complex 

thing,"  says  Silbiger. 

Jeffrey  Perry,  a  visiting 
assistant  professor  whose 
appointment  at  Duke  is  in 
both  academic  computing  and 
music,  deploys  computers  in 
the  classroom  to  illustrate  and 
break  down  such  complexi- 
ties. In  his  first-year  composi- 
tion seminar,  Perry  uses  com- 
puters to  demonstrate — with 
full  orchestration  or  extracted 
parts — music  he  has  composed 
on  the  spot.  "The  computer 
realizes  music  just  written  that 
moment  as  if  it  were 
performed  by  a  small  chamber 
orchestra,"  he  says.  "It  gives 
us  something  very  tangible  to 
talk  about." 

Much  like  the  electronic 
resources  available  in  Perkins, 
the  computers  and  synthesiz- 
ers that  give  music  students 
hands-on  learning  are 
employed  far  beyond  the 
classroom.  "Some  of  these 
kids  can  do  anything  in  their 
rooms  we  can  do  in  the  stu- 
dio," says  Perry.  "The  number 
of  computer-literate  and  com- 
puter-equipped students  that 
come  into  Duke  on  the  under- 
graduate level  is  quite  amaz- 
ing." 

And  with  the  increasing 
distribution  of  access  to  the 
systems,  so  grows  the 
network.  "Soon  they  may  all 
talk  to  one  another.  These  are 
not  discrete  appliances  any- 
more." 


research  and  analysis  in  the  humanities 
has  failed  to  reach  its  potential  at  Duke 
and  other  institutions.  That  fact,  he  says, 
is  as  indicative  of  cultural  shortcomings  as 
it  is  of  technological  or  creative  ones. 
Thomas  compares  the  relationship  of  com- 
puters and  the  humanities  in  his  own  educa- 
tion, completed  through  his  linguistics 
doctorate  in  French  universities,  with  Amer- 
ican programs.  The  difference  is  largely 
philosophical.  "The  training  in  Europe  is 
slightly  different  in  the  sense  that  computer 
science  is  not  perceived  as  belonging  to  the 
sciences,"  he  says.  "Computers  are  essen- 
tially perceived  as  means  of  transmitting  in- 
formation. Computer  science  would  be  con- 
sidered in  Europe  to  refer  only  to  hardware." 
As  Thomas  pursued  his  Ph.D.  in  lexi- 
cology— the  study  of  vocabulary — in  the 
late  1960s,  his  facility  with  lexical  study 
and  particularly  with  mainframe  comput- 


er-generated concordances  landed  him  a 
research  assistantship.  He  joined  a  revolu- 
tionary project  in  electronically-enhanced 
scholarship:  the  Treasury  of  the  French  Lan- 
guage. The  national  project  proposed  to 
construct  a  new,  state-of-the  art,  multi- 
volume  dictionary.  The  French  govern- 
ment created  a  huge  center  for  electronic 
lexicology  in  Nancy,  in  eastern  France,  to 
bring  together  language  experts  and  lexi- 
cologists and  compile  in  electronic  form 
the  complete  texts  of  all  major  nineteenth- 
and  twentieth-century  French  literature. 
The  project  also  included  assembling  elec- 
tronic dictionaries  for  the  languages  of  for- 
mer French  colonies. 

The  original  limitation  of  the  project  was, 
as  Thomas  recalls,  "if  you  wanted  to  have 
access  to  the  concordance,  to  do  textual 
analysis  with  fast,  electronic  programs,  you 
had  to  go  to  the  center  in  Nancy."  But  part 


1              ;?^il^ 

1  f  J;  % 

r     - 

..    -.^mllltK 

i 

■ 

1 

V 


Ml 


Future  of  the  c 


:  papyrobgist  John  Oates  examines  fragments  that  comprise  a  continuing  project  to  make  remnants  of  civilization  accessible  through  the  Duke  Databank 


of  the  purpose  in  completing  the  Treasury 
project  as  a  database  exercise  was  to  over- 
come such  limitations  in  access.  The  Uni- 
versity of  Chicago  was  the  first  off-site  reci- 
pient of  all  the  electronic  versions  of  the 
nineteenth-  and  twentieth-century  texts 
and  documents  on  magnetic  tapes.  In  ex- 
change, the  University  of  Chicago,  in  con- 
junction with  the  National  Endowment 
for  the  Humanities,  would  develop  remote- 
access  systems.  The  cooperative  project 
became  known  as  American  and  French 
Research  on  the  Treasury  of  the  French 
Language  (ARTFL). 

A  recent  project  Thomas  worked  on  in- 
volving Canada's  legal  system  showed  the 
practical  advantages  of  using  computers  in 
the  kind  of  sophisticated  textual  examina- 
tion done  with  ARTFL.  The  provincial 
government  of  Quebec  voted  that  the 
wording  of  all  labor  laws  should  be  written 
in  "ordinary"  language,  instead  of  "confus- 
ing legalese."  "It  was  an  enormous  pro- 
ject," Thomas  recalls,  to  change  the  form 
of  the  law  while  preserving  the  content. 
After  finding  the  "functional  meaning  of  the 
law,"  researchers  "used  computers  to  create 
semantic  attachments  to  legalese  words, 


finding  what  ordinary  words  had  the  same 
semantic  value." 

The  process  involved  in  rewriting  the 
law,  according  to  Thomas,  is  not  necessarily 
much  different  from  that  used  in  lexical 
literary  study,  in  its  use  of  computers  to 
find  and  forge  connections  between  words 
and  their  meanings  and  associations  in  a 
particular  context.  Still,  it  is  the  absolute 
certainty  with  which  a  computer  draws 
conclusions  that  makes  following  a  com- 
puter's findings  too  closely  a  threat  to  the 
spirit  of  literary  study.  When  a  researcher 
uses  a  computer  to  draw  conclusions  about 
literary  texts  like  those  found  in  the  law, 
says  Thomas,  "You  have  to  believe  that 
texts  produce  one  sense  alone,  that  they  do 
not  have  many  meanings  for  many  people. 
A  computer  assumes  that  a  text  is  unified 
and  you  can  find  a  meaning,  while  literary 
people  are  still  debating  that." 

Thomas  also  concedes  that  computers 
may  never  be  any  more  qualified  as  substi- 
tutes for  the  range  of  human  knowledge 
than  they  are  as  mirrors  of  human  ambiva- 
lence in  interpretation  and  judgment.  "As 
long  as  we  do  not  have  a  library  that  has  all 
the  books  that  one  particular  literary  critic 


may  have  read,  when  we  deal  with  questions 
of  intertextuality  and  the  relation  between 
two  texts,  we  cannot  see  how  one  can  be  a 
source  of  the  other,  how  they  color  each 
other,  all  those  phenomena  of  connection." 

Several  Duke  classicists  have  taken  the 
lead  in  their  field  to  circumvent  those  limi- 
tations. The  Duke  Databank,  engineered  by 
classics  professors  John  Oates  and  William 
Willis,  is  an  evolving  resource  of  occasion- 
ally obscure  and  frequently  fragmentary 
Greek  and  Roman  documents.  Four  hun- 
dred and  fifty  volumes  of  ancient  papyri 
have  been  accumulating  in  publication 
since  1890.  Working  backward  since  the 
most  recently  published  print  volumes, 
graduate  students  in  Duke's  classical  stud- 
ies program  have  been  keying  in  the  papy- 
rological  documents.  Access  to  the  data  is 
facilitated  by  Ibycus  machines,  interfaces 
custom-designed  for  papyrological  data  and 
classical  texts,  and  less  efficiently,  but  more 
conveniently,  on  all-purpose  Macintosh  per- 
sonal computers.  The  Duke  Databank  pro- 
vides as  comprehensive  a  representation  of 
classical  culture  as  exists  in  consolidated 
electronic  form. 

For  Oates,  the  databank  represents  a  revo- 


lution  in  his  field  because  it  allows  search- 
es more  conclusive  than  any  possible 
before.  Before  the  emergence  of  the  data- 
bank, it  would  have  been  infinitely  more 
complicated  to  compose  a  history  of  the 
Greek-speaking  ruling  class  in  Egypt, 
"because  the  material  was  not  all  gathered 
into  one  form,"  Oates  says.  The  computer 
is  useful  for  "both  ends — the  search  and 
configuration  of  the  material."  Ultimately, 
the  consolidated  data  may  form  the  basis 
of  a  free-standing  monograph — "which  I 
don't  think  I  ever  would  have  tried  to  do 
or  could  have  been  done  without  a  com- 
puter." 

The  papyrological  orientation  of  the 
Duke  Databank  enables  a  sort  of  social- 
history  approach  to  classical  studies  that 
would  have  seemed  daunting  before  in  its 
scattered  documentation  and  sprawling 
dimensions.  "Ancient  historians  and  peo- 
ple who  deal  with  antiquities  have  had  a 
canon  established  for  them,"  Oates  says. 
"All  of  the  bad  stuff  is  gone.  We  just  get 
the  good  stuff — Vergil,  Homer,  Aeschy- 
lus, et  cetera."  That  highbrow  legacy  of 
classical  culture,  taken  exclusively,  at  best 
distorts  and  at  worst  obscures  the  way 
people  lived  and  everyday  life  proceeded 
in  that  period.  "We  don't  know  how  Latin 
was  spoken  in  Rome,"  Oates  says.  "We 
don't  know  what  the  garbageman  said  to 
the  streetsweeper.  So  we  have  a  lot  of 
studies  of  provincial  governors  and  rich 
people,  but  you  don't  have  a  lot  of  studies 
of  common  people.  The  only  place  that 
we  really  get  the  nitty-gritty  documents 
are  these  papyri.  What  having  that  mate- 
rial in  the  Databank  does  for  the  field  is 
totally  revolutionary." 

For  David  Castriota,  an  assistant  profes- 
sor of  art  history,  the  availability  of  mate- 
rial on  CD-ROM  demonstrated  the  tre- 
mendous advantages  of  computer-assisted 
work.  By  "lexing"  his  topic,  searching  the 
repetition  of  a  particular  phrase  and  gram- 
matical structure  through  the  range  of 
electronically  compiled  Greek  speeches, 
Castriota  was  able  to  draw  substantial 
conclusions  about  the  way  authority  was 
described  in  Greek  rhetoric.  Because  cate- 
gorizing grammatical  idioms  is  nearly  im- 
possible in  traditional  print  concordances, 
which  catalogue  only  individual  words, 
Castriota  found  the  databases  an  invaluable 
source,  and  an  efficient  one.  The  whole 
search  only  took  fifteen  minutes.  "There 
are  no  barriers  in  literary  study,"  he  says. 
"If  you  ask  the  right  questions  in  the  right 
way,  the  database  allows  you  to  get  in- 
credible amounts  of  material  and  make 
definitive  statements  in  your  conclusions." 

"The  whole  of  Greek  literature  is  now 
collected  on  fewer  CDs  than  the  albums 
of  the  Beatles,"  Castriota  observes.  Much 
of  the  miracle  is  not  just  where  the  mate- 


rial is  stored  but  where  it  is  going.  "It  can 
all  be  stored  and  displayed  on  equipment 
the  size  of  a  TV  set."  And  soon,  perhaps, 
just  like  the  television  set,  there  will  be 
one  not  just  in  every  library,  but  in  every 
scholar's  home.  "At  three  to  five  thousand 
dollars  apiece,"  he  says,  "virtually  any 
scholar  could  buy  these  machines.  And 
that's  incredible  power." 

Already,  Duke's  department  of  art  and 
art  history  is  linking  computer  power  and 
wider  access.  Through  computerized  study 
centers,  students  are  calling  up  images  of 
artwork  using  digital  technology.  For  now, 
the  computers  are  divided  into  two  clus- 
ters, one  in  Perkins  Library  on  West  Cam- 
pus and  one  in  the  East  Campus'  Lilly 
Library.  They  are  geared  particularly  to 
students  taking  classes  in  African-Ameri- 
can and  Pre-Columbian  art — areas  that 
are  not  as  image-accessible  as  European 
art.  Students  can  examine  details  of  a  spe- 
cific work,  or  compare  works  side  by  side. 
The  images  are  joined  to  a  database  that 
displays  them  with  relevant  information 
about  the  works — title,  artist,  medium, 
subject,  current  location,  and  so  on.  The 
department  wants  to  develop  this  tech- 
nology further,  says  its  chair,  Caroline 
Bruzelius,  to  create  an  "image  reference 
and  study  resource"  that  will  allow  trans- 
mission of  images  for  campus-wide  use. 

"Basically,  what  we're  going  to  do  is 
scan  images  from  a  visual  source — a  slide 
or  photograph — and  store  it  in  digital 
form,"  says  the  art  department's  associate 
slide  curator,  Bill  Broom.  "Digital  scan- 
ning is  capable  of  very  high  resolution. 
After  capturing  the  image,  we  can  adjust 
the  color,  if  necessary,  to  get  as  accurate  a 
reproduction  as  possible."  The  art  depart- 
ment plans  to  provide  400  to  1 ,000  images 
on-line  each  semester;  eventually,  it 
hopes  to  provide  access  to  most  of  the 
225,0000  images  that  it  now  has  on  slides. 
"Other  institutions  are  using  digital  tech- 
nology to  display  images  of  art,  but  I  don't 
know  of  one  with  this  type  of  system 
already  in  operation  as  a  routine  study 
source,  using  images  of  such  high  quality," 
says  Broom. 

University  librarian  Jerry  Campbell  com- 
pares the  emergence  of  electronic  storage 
and  publishing,  and  the  way  they  will 
change  the  fields  they  touch,  to  the  impact 
of  the  Gutenberg  press  half  a  millennium 
ago.  Both  research  librarians  and  scholars 
are  responding  to  that  change,  in  varying 
degrees,  as  the  revolution  that  it  is.  "The 
world  is  changing,"  Campbell  says,  "and  re- 
search libraries" — and  the  scholars  they 
serve — "are  at  the  middle  of  that  change."  ■ 

Nathans,  the  magazine's  editorial  assistant  for  the 
past  year,  is  now  publications  coordinator  for  the 

Middlesex  School  in  ( '.uncord,  Massachusetts. 


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ANNE  FIROR  SCOTT 

Continued  from  page  1 3 


All  they  dealt  with  were  battles  and  poli- 
tics and  military  stuff.  You  wouldn't  have 
dreamed,  seeing  it,  that  there  was  a  Sol- 
dier's Aid  Society.  And  at  the  end,  produc- 
er Ken  Burns  called  it  'the  definitive  Civil 
War  history.'  I  am  afraid  that  many  Amer- 
icans will  see  it  that  way." 

Invisibility  is  a  theme  that  Scott  deals 
with  a  lot.  "Why  do  some  parts  of  the  past 
go  unnoticed  while  others  are  closely  exam- 
ined?" she  has  asked,  rhetorically.  "We  see 
what  we  are  prepared  to  see,  what  we 
expect  to  see,  what  we  think  we  ought  to 
see."  Women  have  been  absent  from  the 
written  history  of  the  United  States,  she 
says,  because  "those  who  write  history  usu- 
ally start  from  two  assumptions:  that 
woman's  natural  place  is  in  the  home,  and 
that  history  takes  place  in  the  battlefield, 
or  in  the  Congress,  the  statehouse,  the 
pulpit,  the  marketplace,  or  the  laboratory. 
Thus,  women,  by  definition,  do  not  make 
history — and  when  they  do  turn  up  in  the 
sources,  scholars  often  simply  do  not  per- 
ceive them." 

Despite  her  frustration  with  the  historical 
invisibility  of  women,  Scott  is  encouraged 
by  the  strides  that  have  been  made  in  the 
last  twenty  years.  For  one  thing,  more 
archival  material  about  women's  role  in 
American  history  is  being  collected,  organ- 
ized, and  offered  to  researchers  today.  Micro- 
film has  made  available  to  wider  audiences 
materials  that  used  to  be  locked  away  in 
rare  book  rooms.  The  University  of  North 
Carolina  is  microfilming  its  collection  of 
Southern  women's  diaries  and  letters — a 
collection  that  was  the  seedbed  for  much 
of  Scott's  work.  Perhaps  the  best  collec- 
tion in  the  country,  according  to  Scott,  is 
"The  History  of  Women  in  America"  col- 
lection at  the  Schlesinger  Library  in  Cam- 
bridge. The  collection  houses  thousands  of 
manuscripts,  journals,  and  newspapers  doc- 
umenting women's  performances  on  the 
historical  stage. 

Even  more  importantly,  two  decades  of 
scholarship  such  as  Scott's  have  raised  schol- 
ars' consciousness  about  what  to  look  for. 
As  a  result,  much  new  scholarship  is  being 
done  on  women.  Books  on  working-class, 
Catholic,  Jewish,  and  Mormon  women's 
groups  are  in  progress  in  various  parts  of  the 
country,  as  well  as  works  on  frontier  women 
and  their  influence  in  developing  commu- 
nity institutions  in  pioneer  settlements. 

Scott  notes  that  Laurel  Ulrich's  The  Mid- 
wife's Tale  was  awarded  the  1991  Pulitzer 
Prize  in  History — the  first  time  a  women's 
history  book  has  been  so  honored.  The 

44 


award  comes  thirty-three  years  after  the 
first  serious  scholarship  on  U.S.  women's 
history  was  published  in  1958:  Century  of 
Struggle,  by  Eleanor  Flexner.  That  was  fol- 
lowed in  1962  by  Scott's  own  "The  New 
Woman  in  the  New  South,"  in  the  South 
Atlantic  Quarterly,  published  by  the  Duke 
University  Press. 

In  that  piece,  Scott  traces  the  transfor- 
mation of  one  of  Southern  society's  most 
cherished  images,  that  of  the  pedestaled 
"Southern  lady."  The  image  began  to 
crack  in  the  post-bellum  decades  when 
Southern  women,  few  of  whom  had  fit  the 
gallant  mold  in  the  first  place,  fell  heir  to 
responsibilities  left  by  a  decimated  male 
population.  "Like  the  lady,  the  new  woman 
represented  only  a  small  minority  of  all 
women  in  the  South,"  wrote  Scott.  "Unlike 
the  lady,  she  did  not  become  the  universal 
ideal.  At  her  best,  she  maintained  the  gra- 


Scott's  sense  that 

women  have  shaped 

history  in  surprising  ways 

has  been  gleaned 

from  decades  of 

scouring  manuscript 

rooms  for  personal 

correspondence, 

newspaper  accounts, 

and  plantation  records. 


ciousness  and  charm  which  had  been  the 
sound  part  of  the  chivalric  ideal  and  with- 
out losing  her  femininity  or  abandoning  her 
responsibility  for  the  propagation  of  the 
species,  became  an  important  force  in  pub- 
lic as  well  as  in  private  life.  She  made  it 
possible  for  the  young  women  who  came 
after  her  to  begin  at  once  to  develop  what- 
ever talent  they  might  have,  without  hav- 
ing first  to  fight  a  long  battle  for  the  right 
to  education  and  opportunity." 

Flexner's  and  Scott's  articles  marked  a 
turning  point.  After  that,  the  floodgates 
opened.  Today,  Scott  can  gesture  toward 
floor-to-ceiling  shelves  of  books  lining  two 
whole  walls  of  her  office — all  scholarship 
on  women  in  history.  "Now  we  have  ar- 
rived," she  says,  "we  the  historians  of 
women." 

While  Scott's  scholarly  investigations  of 


women's  groups  have  stopped  at  World 
War  II — after  which,  she  says,  "American 
society  changed  almost  beyond  recogni- 
tion"— she  comments  readily  on  the  con- 
temporary scene.  She  expresses  some  heat 
at  the  categorization  of  certain  issues  as 
"women's  issues."  "Why  do  they  call  them 
'women's  issues'?  Men  have  as  big  a  stake 
in  child  care,  abortion,  other  so-called 
women's  issues.  Let's  make  defense  spend- 
ing a  'women's  issue.'  " 

Scott  doesn't  fit  standard  feminist 
molds.  A  self-styled  "moderately  militant 
feminist"  as  early  as  1954,  Scott  was  a  sup- 
porting wife,  accompanying  her  husband 
on  his  career  moves  before  coming  to 
North  Carolina,  and  she  used  a  fellowship 
to  pay  for  babysitting  while  she  wrote  her 
dissertation.  As  one  journalist  put  it  in  a 
1982  profile,  "The  Scotts  are  the  sort  of 
family  who  mail  annual  Christmas  letters 
with  pictures  of  the  kids  and  reports  on 
their  activities." 

Among  the  most  influential  people  in 
her  life,  Scott  cites  her  grandmother,  a 
"mild  suffragist"  whom  she  barely  knew. 
The  image  of  her  grandmother's  faded, 
ornate  handwriting  in  an  old  family  Bible 
was  her  first  encounter  with  the  spidery 
nineteenth-century  hand  that  would  guide 
her  through  U.S.  industrial-era  history  via 
the  consciousness  of  its  women.  The  other 
major  influence  was  her  father,  who,  after 
a  business  reversal,  took  over  the  education 
of  his  three  children,  reading  Kipling's 
]ungle  Book  to  Anne  when  she  was  less 
than  two  years  of  age.  She  recalls  he  rarely 
chose  standard  children's  fare,  preferring 
to  read  to  his  children  books  that  interest- 
ed him.  She  also  benefited  from  the  fact — 
unusual  at  the  time — that  her  parents 
treated  their  male  and  female  children  as 
intellectual  equals. 

In  exploring  the  reasons  she  has  mined 
so  deeply  the  rich  lode  of  archival  docu- 
ments that  trace  women's  lives  in  U.S.  his- 
tory, Scott  has  acknowledged  a  certain  debt 
to  chance.  She  mentions  another  debt, 
one  that  she  and  her  heirs  in  historical 
scholarship  owe  to  the  women  who  fought 
so  hard  and  long  to  give  women  voices  in 
the  land — voices  that  finally  can  be  count- 
ed, in  terms  of  ballots  cast,  voices  that, 
finally,  cannot  be  ignored.  "Then,  there 
were  the  survivors,"  she  writes  of  the  ven- 
erable suffragists  she  encountered  so  long 
ago  at  the  League  of  Women  Voters, 
"...women  in  their  eighties  who  had  never 
doubted  that  they  and  their  comrades  were 
part  of  history  but  who  had  long  ago 
ceased  expecting  anybody  to  say  so.  How 
could  I  let  them  down?"  ■ 


Norman,  a  Durham-based  free-lance 
frequent  contributor  to  the  magazine. 


DUKE  RESEARCH 


PROTECTING 


PROSIMIANS 


Bill  Hess  first  thought  that  a 
rat  had  somehow  invaded 
the  tightly  secured  animal 
room  when  he  heard  the 
faint  scratching  from  in- 
side the  nest  box.  Other- 
wise, everything  appeared 
normal  on  April  6  when 
the  Duke  University  Primate  Center's  senior 
veterinary  technician  entered  the  dim  red- 
lit  room.  Endora  and  Nosferatu,  the  two 
gremlin-like  aye-aye,  clambered  about  the 
room's  tree  branches  as  usual.  Hess  ap- 
proached the  darkened  nest  box  and 
peered  in. 

"I  saw  this  gangly  little  thing  sort  of 
flopping  about  in  the  box,"  he  recalls.  "I 
was  stunned;  we  had  no  idea  Endora  was 
pregnant."  Hess'  discovery  was  historic:  He 
had  found  the  first  aye-aye  to  be  born  in 
captivity  in  modern  times.  Endora,  the 
mother,  had  apparently  been 
pregnant  when  brought  from 
the  aye-aye's  home  in  Mada- 
gascar the  previous  Decem- 
ber by  the  center's  scientific 
director,  Elwyn  Simons. 

The  ugly-cute  ball  of  wiry 
gray  fur,  with  coal-black  eyes, 
batlike  ears,  and  spindly  fin- 
gers was  named  Blue  Devil, 
after  Duke's  two-time  NCAA 
basketball  champions.  Weigh- 
ing 4-8  ounces  at  birth,  he's 
now  topped  a  pound  and 
has  developed  the  same 
feisty  attitude  that  distin- 
guishes the  team  for  which 
he  was  named.  Hess  reports 
that,  when  removed  from  his 
mother  for  weighing  these 
days,  Blue  Devil  indignantly 
tries  to  take  a  nip  at  his 
gloved  handler. 

He  also  regularly  leaves 
the  nest  box  to  test  his 
climbing  abilities,  emitting 
only  an  occasional  charac- 
teristic "eep"  to  signal  his 
anxiety.  Endora  usually  waits 
a  bit  to  rescue  him,  allowing 


CAPTIVE 
CONSERVATION 

BY  DENNIS  MEREDITH 


The  Duke  Primate 

Center's  living  collection 

of  514  lemurs,  lorises, 

bushbabies,  and  tarsiers 

represents  some  of 

the  most  fascinating 

puzzles  in  nature. 


Blue  Devil  a  chance  to  explore.  When  the 
time  is  right,  she  gently  takes  him  in  her 
mouth,  positioning  him  out  of  the  way  of 
her  beaverlike  teeth.  Then,  after  a  tour  of 
the  room,  she  deposits  him  back  in  the  nest. 
Her  actions  are  often  assiduously  record- 
'  by  a  watchful  observer  sitting  quietly  in 
one  corner  with  a  clipboard  and  watch. 
After  all,  Blue  Devil  is  an  exotic  enigma 
for  scientists.  Nobody  really  knows  how  a 
mother  aye-aye  raises  her  infants.  Such 
information  is  valuable,  not  only  scientifi- 
cally, but  also  to  help  preserve  the  near- 
extinct  species. 

"Blue  Devil's  birth  represents  a  critical 
first  step  in  building  a  large  captive  popu- 
lation," says  Simons.  "The  birth  also  repre- 
sents an  exciting  opportunity  for  us  to  under- 
stand more  about  this  animal,  certainly 
the  world's  strangest  primate." 

Simons  began  the  effort  to  establish  an 
^ aye-aye  breeding  colony 
'1  after  primatologist  Friderun 
iAnkel-Simon,  also  his  wife, 
|established  that  the  animals 
iwere  badly  in  need  of  cap- 
\{  gtive  conservation.  "Scien- 
tists who  really  didn't  know 
the  size  of  aye-aye  popula- 
tions had  insisted  that  the 
•  animal  was  too  rare  to  be 
|  brought  into  protective  cap- 
tivity," says  Simons.  "So,  for 
almost  eighty  years,  none 
were  taken  from  the  island." 
But  in  the  meantime,  says 
Simons,  superstitious  vil- 
lagers of  Madagascar  proba- 
bly killed  thousands  of  these 
gentle  animals,  believing 
them  to  be  harbingers  of 
death.  The  animals'  black  fur, 
eerie  gaze,  and  wiry  fingers 
gave  rise  to  the  belief  that 
they  were  sinister. 

The  aye-aye  is  known  for 
its  habit  of  delicately  stacca- 
to-tapping its  way  along 
branches  with  its  long,  flex- 
ible middle  finger.  Holding 
its  large  ears  flopped  down, 


45 


it  listens  for  the  echo  of  tunnels  contain- 
ing tasty  grubs.  Once  it  finds  such  a  cham- 
ber, it  gnaws  a  neat  hole,  inserts  its  trade- 
mark digit,  and  extracts  the  worm. 

The  eight  aye-aye  at  Duke — the  world's 
largest  captive  population — are  only  one 
source  of  mystery  at  the  primate  center, 
nestled  deep  in  Duke  Forest.  The  514 
"prosimians" — lemurs,  lorises,  bushbabies, 
and  tarsiers — leaping  about  the  cages, 
curled  in  the  nocturnal  rooms,  and  roam- 
ing the  multi-acre  natural  enclosures  repre- 
sent some  of  the  most  fascinating  puzzles  in 
nature.  To  solve  these  puzzles,  researchers 
are  analyzing  DNA  samples,  hollowing  out 
wood  blocks  to  hide  worms,  and  spending 
thousands  of  hours  silently  watching  the 
animals  fight,  feed,  play,  and  breed. 

Scientists  have  discovered  weird  creatures, 
indeed,  among  the  prosimians.  There's  the 
blue-eyed  black  lemur,  the  only  primate 


are  in  a  race  against  time  to  explore  these 
alien  primate  intelligences.  Many  of  the 
species  may  soon  go  extinct  because  of  the 
rapid  encroachment  of  humans  and  destruc- 
tion of  habitat.  While  the  lorises  and  bush- 
babies  of  Asia  and  Africa  and  tarsiers  of 
East  Asian  islands  are  threatened,  the  aye- 
aye  and  other  lemurs  of  Madagascar  are  the 


Besides  maintaining  its  colony  of  rare 
prosimians,  the  center  has  assumed  the 
daunting  task  of  breeding  primate  species 
that  have  never  bred  in  captivity  before. 
Besides  aye-aye,  these  include  tarsiers  and 
the  golden-crowned  sifaka,  a  large  silky- 
furred  lemur  first  described  by  scientific 
director  Simons  in  1989.  The  center  also 
works  closely  with  conservation  programs 
in  Madagascar.  Staff  member  Andrea  Katz 
divides  her  time  between  Duke  and  a  lemur 
colony  in  Madagascar,  helping  improve  its 
facilities  and  management. 

The  center's  success  at  breeding  and  re- 
search attracted  a  variety  of  primatologists 
to  Duke,  making  the  university  a  world 
focus  of  primatology.  "When  you  think  of 
primatology,  you  think  of  Duke,"  says 
Frances  White,  assistant  professor  and  direc- 
tor of  graduate  studies  in  the  biological  an- 
thropology and  anatomy  department.  "The 


other  than  humans  with  such  azure  orbs. 
And  there's  the  dwarf  lemur,  the  only  pri- 
mate that  hibernates.  It  stores  fat  in  its  long 
tail,  dragging  around  its  future  dinners  in 
an  ungainly  bulbous  appendage.  The  dwarf 
and  mouse  lemurs  are  also  among  the  few 
primates  that  emit  ultrasonic  calls.  Then 
there's  the  tarsius,  a  lemur  that  shares  with 
the  rhinoceros  the  distinction  of  having 
the  largest  number  of  chromosomes  found 


in  mammals. 


Besides  offering  such  individual  animal 
oddities,  modern  prosimians  generally  give 
scientists  a  look  back  at  our  most  primitive 
primate  ancestors.  The  modern  prosimian 
species  branched  from  the  primate  tree  60 
million  years  ago,  long  before  the  appear- 
ance of  anthropoids — monkeys,  apes,  and 
humans.  Also,  primatologists  can  contrast 
the  mating,  foraging,  fighting,  and  other 
habits  of  prosimians  with  those  indepen- 
dently acquired  by  anthropoids,  to  under- 
stand how  nature  repeatedly  solved  the 
same  problems  of  adaptation. 

Sadly,  though,  primatologists  know  they 


46 


most  endangered.  Their  extinction  would 
be  particularly  tragic.  Isolated  for  50  million 
years,  they  have  evolved  a  stunning  diversi- 
ty, offering  deep  insights  into  evolution. 

Thus,  the  primate  center  is  both  research 
station  and  sanctuary.  Begun  in  1958  at 
Yale  by  primatologist  John  Buettner- 
Janusch,  the  then-small  collection  of  lemurs 
was  moved  to  Duke  in  1960.  Simons  was 
the  principal  architect  behind  building  the 
collection  to  its  current  size  and  scope. 
Today,  the  center  is  supported  by  the 
National  Science  Foundation,  Duke,  and 
private  gifts. 

The  center's  discoveries  about  prosimians 
are  valuable  for  their  own  sake  and  also  to 
aid  captive  breeding  and  reintroduction 
into  the  wild.  The  center  holds  the  world's 
largest  collection  of  endangered  primates 
and  is  the  only  university  research  center  in 
the  world  studying  prosimians.  It  also  holds 
the  country's  most  important  collection  of 
lemur  fossils — numbering  in  the  thou- 
sands— as  well  as  fossils  of  the  earliest 
ancestors  of  monkeys  and  apes. 


university  really  has  the  strongest  program 
in  the  country,  at  both  the  undergraduate 
and  graduate  levels."  Scores  of  Duke 
undergraduates  get  their  first  taste  of  scien- 
tific research  at  the  center,  says  White. 
The  center  hosts  some  sixty  graduate  study 
projects  from  a  dozen  American  and  four 
foreign  universities. 

The  primate  center's  dietary  research  is 
especially  important,  for  both  science  and 
conservation.  In  the  early  days  of  the  cen- 
ter, scientists  believed  the  sifakas  would 
only  eat  mango  leaves.  Animals  would 
weaken  in  winter,  when  the  mango  supply 
was  reduced.  At  zoos,  the  animals  usually 
died,  says  Simons.  "When  I  first  got  here, 
we  noticed  that  after  storms,  the  leaf-eat- 
ing lemurs  would  eat  sweetgum  leaves  that 
blew  into  their  cages.  We  began  to  present 
a  variety  of  local  leaves  to  the  sifakas,  and 
after  smelling  and  tasting  the  leaves,  they 
began  to  eat  certain  plants  such  as  mimosa, 
sumac,  and  sweetgum."  Now,  part  of  the 
animals'  food  is  harvested  from  surround- 
ing trees  in  summer,  and  the  center  tech- 


nicians  gather  freezers-full  of  leaves  for 
winter — the  lemur  equivalent  of  frozen 
TV  dinners. 

Other  species'  daily  diet  also  includes 
individualized  servings  of  fruits,  vegetables, 
insects,  lizards,  and  commercial  monkey 
chow.  It's  a  varied  fare,  but  "we  still  think 
we  can  provide  the  animals  an  even  better 
diet,"  says  center  director  Kenneth  dan- 
der. "Right  now,  the  monkey  chow  we're 
including  in  the  foliage  eaters'  diet  is  really 
for  omnivorous  primates."  The  center's  ex- 
perts are  chemically  analyzing  the  current 
diets  and  working  with  commercial  feed 
firms  to  create  a  feed  tailored  for  foliage 
eaters.  Such  a  diet  distributed  to  zoos  would 
greatly  aid  the  health  of  lemurs  there. 

The  right  food  is  a  key  to  breeding  suc- 
cess. "Some  of  the  animals  are  getting  fat 
and  not  reproducing,"  says  colony  manager 
Barbara  Coffman.  "We  have  to  discover 


Although  the  center  allows  no  invasive 
research  on  its  furry  wards,  scientists  study 
the  genetics,  metabolism,  and  anatomy  of 
the  animals.  Blood  samples  taken  during 
examinations  allow  researchers  to  study 
the  animals'  DNA.  They  aim  to  learn  the 
fatherhood  of  the  colony's  animals  for 
breeding  purposes.  The  DNA  studies  can 
also  clarify  the  structure  of  the  prosimian's 
evolutionary  family  tree  and  show  which 
groups  of  lemurs  are  most  closely  related. 

Some  of  the  biggest  scientific  surprises 
arise  from  studies  of  the  prosimians'  behav- 
ior. White  believes  that  the  lemurs  possess 
a  substantial  and  different 
form  of  intelligence  from 
apes,  monkeys,  and  humans. 
She  says  of  the  ruffed  lemurs 
she  studies,  "They're  sitting 
around  looking  stupid,  but 
every   time    your   back   is 


buried  chambers  holding  mealworms.  He 
fashions  the  chambers  with  complex  shapes 
such  as  X's  and  L's,  to  discover  whether 
the  aye-aye  decides  the  best  place  to  gnaw 
its  way  in.  By  gnawing  into  the  center  of 
an  X,  the  animal  has  access  to  all  four  side 
passages. 

So  far,  Erickson  has  found  that  the  aye- 
aye's  sonar  is  exquisitely  sensitive,  and  the 
animals  can  apparently  detect  the  shapes 
of  the  buried  chambers.  Erickson  has  also 
discovered  some  of  the  hazards  of  aye-aye 
research.  In  the  midst  of  one  observing  ses- 
sion, one  of  the  animals  stole  his  wristwatch. 


what  we  can  safely  take  out  of  their  diet  to 
reduce  their  weight  to  induce  breeding." 
Also,  the  scientists  must  determine  whether 
the  animals  would  lose  weight  and  breed 
better  in  the  outdoor  enclosures,  where  they 
could  exercise  more.  Some  of  the  dietary 
subtleties  remain  far  from  solved.  Al- 
though the  tarsiers  appear  to  be  doing  well 
on  crickets,  mealworms,  and  lizards,  their 
offspring  do  not  survive.  Some  unknown 
component  may  still  be  missing  from  their 
diets,  says  Coffman. 

Center  director  dander  is  also  exploring 
the  possibility  that  diet  may  predispose  the 
animals  toward  producing  male  offspring. 
Such  an  imbalance  could  seriously  endan- 
ger captive  breeding,  he  says.  Its  conserva- 
tion value  aside,  dietary  research  presents  its 
share  of  scientific  mysteries.  According  to 
Simons,  the  scientific  director:  "The  sifakas 
eat  mango  leaves,  which  are  toxic  to  most 
birds  and  mammals.  If  we  can  discover  how 
lemurs  detoxify  these  and  other  leaves,  we 
may  find  medical  applications  for  the 
information." 


id,   th 


off  and  do 


something  intelligent."  She 
cites  the  case  of  Praesepe,  a 
black-and-white  ruffed  lemur 
who,  the  staffers  discovered, 
had  regularly  and  stealthily 
been  breaking  out  of  her  en- 
closure and  into  a  neighboring  one  to 
steal  food.  She  would  reverse  the  process 
before  any  humans  could  discover  her  feat. 

"They  really  cause  us  to  rethink  how 
we  look  at  primates  in  general,"  says  re- 
searcher Frances  White.  "They  have  a  dif- 
ferent kind  of  intelligence  [compared  with 
higher  primates]  that's  harder  for  us  to  rec- 
ognize because  our  tests  aren't  appropriate. 
Chimps  will  do  puzzles  just  because  they're 
there,  but  if  you  gave  a  ruffed  lemur  a  puz- 
zle, he'd  just  look  at  it.  Lemurs  need  a  rea- 
son to  display  intelligence." 

Duke  psychology  professor  Carl  Erick- 
son is  giving  the  center's  aye-aye  a  chance 
to  show  their  intellectual  stuff.  To  study 
the  aye-aye  strategy  for  detecting  grubs  in 
trees,    he    constructs    wood    blocks    with 


Primatology  rime:  red  ruffed  lemur,  above  and  oppo- 
site, hangs  out  with  assistant  professor  Frances  White; 
left  to  right,  biiek  and  uhac  ruffed  lemur  at  leisure, 
rinr'-tails  on  the  run,  Buha  and  baby  at  lunch 


"Like  a  crossword  puzzle  with  no  clues," 
is  how  White  describes  the  intricate  and 
varied  social  organizations  of  lemurs.  Despite 
their  physiological  similarity,  lemurs  have 
evolved  social  organizations  from  solitary 
to  gregarious,  and  breeding  habits  from 
monogamous  to  polygamous.  "Also,  because 
lemur  societies  are  female-dominated,  they 
give  us  another  perspective  on  monkeys 
and  apes  that  are  male-dominated,"  says 
dander. 

To  study  lemur  social  behavior,  the  cen- 


47 


ter's  scientists  spend  hundreds  of  hours 
quietly  observing  groups  of  the  animals  in 
the  large  outdoor  pens.  The  six  enclosures 
range  up  to  twenty-eight  acres  and  are 
ringed  by  chain-link  fences  topped  with 
electric  wires  that  deliver  a  harmless  shock 
to  any  errant  lemur.  The  first  outdoor  habi- 
tats were  controversial  when  established  in 
the  early  1980s  by  Simons,  with  the  help 
of  Glander. 

"Other  researchers  insisted  that  the  ani- 
mals wouldn't  be  able  to  adapt,"  says 
Simons.  "They  said  that  the  animals  would 
poison  themselves  on  the  leaves,  fall  out  of 
the  trees,  or  sit  stationary  waiting  to  be 
fed."  But  the  outdoor  primate  enclosures 
proved  enormously  successful,  says  Simons, 
and  are  being  established  by  other  conser- 
vation facilities.  The  65  acres  of  natural 
enclosure  at  Duke  represent  the  largest 
acreage  for  such  primate  facilities  in  the 
world,  he  points  out. 

Daily  feedings  in  the  enclosures  may 
seem  like  eccentric  affairs,  with  a  white- 
coated  technician  honking  a  bicycle  horn 
or  tweeting  a  whistle  to  signal  dinner  time. 
But  the  ritual  is  all  part  of  research  associate 
Michael  Pereira's  scheme  to  assure  that  the 
enclosure  animals  behave  as  naturally  as 
possible.  When  fed  only  by  white-coated 
humans,  the  animals  don't  associate  humans 
in  general  with  food  and  are  more  likely  to 
ignore  them.  The  whistles  and  honks  help 
assure  that  the  groups  won't  hang  around 
feeding  stations.  To  encourage  natural  for- 
aging, the  center  provides  the  animals 
with  only  about  half  their  food  intake;  the 
rest  comes  from  the  leaves  and  fruit  grow- 
ing in  the  enclosures. 

"The  animals  that  we  study  are,  thus, 
wild  animals  that  have  not  learned  to  fear 
humans,"  says  Pereira.  In  some  ways  the 
enclosures  are  superior  to  the  wilds  of 
Madagascar  for  study,  he  says,  because  the 
animals  are  more  accessible  and  their  his- 
tories are  better  known. 

In  his  own  research,  Pereira  is  compar- 
ing differences  in  aggressive  behavior  in 
two  species  that  are  otherwise  extremely 
similar — ringtailed  lemurs  and  red-fronted 
brown  lemurs.  The  two  species  may  live  in 
the  same  area  in  the  wild  and  give  birth  at 
the  same  time,  but  their  social  organiza- 
tions are  radically  different.  pereira  wants 
to  know  why.  Ringtails  spend  their  days 
constantly  signaling  dominance  and  sub- 
missiveness  to  one  another  by  staring, 
whimpering,  threatening,  and  retreating. 

"But  brown  lemurs  just  don't  do  domi- 
nance," says  Pereira.  They  usually  just 
ignore  each  other's  threats,  or  else  simply 
take  a  whack  at  any  assailant.  After  care- 
fully analyzing  his  mass  of  observational 
data,  Pereira  has  found  clues  about  aggres- 
siveness in  the  social  organizations  of  the 
two  species.  Brown  lemurs  organize  into 


Aye-aye  intellect:  psychology  professor  Carl  Erickson 
tests  Sarnantha's  sonar  ability  to  detect  hidden  grubs 

male-female  pairs,  roaming  widely  to  feed 
on  just  about  anything.  "They're  garbage 
cans,"  says  Pereira.  In  contrast,  ringtail 
groups  center  on  a  "sisterhood"  of  females, 
and  the  animals  prefer  to  feed  on  such  foods 
as  fruits,  defending  desirable  trees  from  all 
comers.  Such  differences  in  feeding  and 
organization  could  cause  the  ringtails  to  be 
much  more  hierarchy-oriented  than  the 
more  individualistic  browns,  Pereira  believes. 

Pereira  is  also  exploring  what  he  calls 
"the  calling  card  of  primates" — the  long 
juvenile  period  between  weaning  and 
puberty.  He's  studying  how  the  young 
ringtails  establish  their  rank  by  rough-and- 
tumble  "grappling,"  and  how  such  fighting 
depends  on  the  animals'  size.  Such  activity 
represents  a  fine-tuning  of  the  dominance 
order,  because  it  occurs  only  among  those 
animals  that  are  close  in  size. 

In  contrast,  White's  ruffed  lemurs  are  a 
rather  unsociable  lot,  tending  to  keep  their 


distance  from  their  fellow  lemurs.  The 
ruffed  lemurs  are  particularly  mysterious, 
because  they  are  the  only  primates  that  give 
birth  to  litters,  which  they  park  in  nests. 

In  her  next  studies,  White  plans  to  vary 
how  food  is  presented  to  the  lemurs — 
whether  dispersed  or  in  a  pile.  She  believes 
the  differences  will  change  competition  for 
food,  perhaps  altering  the  way  the  lemurs 
structure  their  flexible  social  arrange- 
ments. She  will  also  study  how  new  groups 
are  established  in  the  outdoor  enclosures 
when  the  animals  are  moved  from  cages. 
Understanding  such  "group  dynamics"  is 
crucial  for  breeding  and  safely  reintroduc- 
ing animals  to  the  wild. 

The  primate  center  scientists  hope  to 
continue  to  move  more  animals  to  outdoor 
enclosures  as  funding  permits.  "It's  a 
healthier,  more  natural  environment,"  says 
White.  "As  soon  as  we  put  animals  in  the 
enclosures,  any  of  the  behavioral  patholo- 
gies they  had  disappear."  According  to 
White,  animals  in  the  outdoors  begin  to 
call,  forage,  and  explore  far  more  than  in 
the  cages. 

The  center  also  plans  to  bring  in  more 
of  the  rarest  species,  including  next  spring 
one  of  the  most  beautiful  lemurs,  the  large 
diadem  sifaka,  with  its  silky  white  hair. 
And  in  two  years,  they  hope  to  import  the 
golden  bamboo  lemur,  a  creature  known 
for  its  fondness  for  bamboo  containing 
cyanide.  Researchers  calculate  the  animal 
consumes  enough  cyanide  each  day  to  kill 
seven  humans. 

Scientific  director  Simons  and  his  col- 
leagues are  heartened  by  the  Madagascar 
government's  cooperation  in  conservation 
efforts,  but  they  recognize  that  the  original 
wilderness  in  such  countries  is  permanently 
lost.  They  are  also  resigned  to  some  failure. 
"All  successful  conservation  has  to  go  on  for- 
ever," says  Simons.  "Everything  that  conser- 
vationists do  now  has  to  be  forever.  We'll 
lose  some  species,  but  that  can't  prevent  us 
from  doing  the  best  that  we  can."  ■ 


The  first  photo  of  Blue 
Devil,  the  aye-aye  born  at 
the  Duke  Primate  Center 
during  the  NCAA  finals,  gave 
birth  to  an  idea.  "From  the  way 
he  was  positioned  on  the  scale," 
says  Dorothy  Clark,  administra- 
tive secretary  at  the  center,  "he 
looked  like  he  should  be  hold- 
ing a  basketball." 

Elywn  Simons,  the  center's 
scientific  director,  sketched  a 
design  that  depicted  Blue  Devil 
perched  on  a  basketball  back- 
board, ready  to  dunk  a  deuce 
for  Duke.  A  new  Primate  Cen- 
ter T-shirt  was  born. 

At  $10  each,  a  variety  of  T- 
!  shirts  are  part  of  a  modest  col- 
J 


lection  of  prosimian-related 
offerings:  posters,  photos,  note- 
cards,  and  baseball  caps  that 
are  displayed  at  the  center's 
main  building.  They're  gener- 
ally sold  to  the  hundreds  of 
scheduled  visitors  who  come  to 
see  lemurs  and  leave  with  sou- 
venirs. "These  products  are 
not  really  promoted  for  profit," 
says  Clark.  "The  money  we  get 
from  selling  these  items  goes 
directly  to  feed  or  house  our 


All  of  the  T-shirt  designs 
were  drawn  by  the  people  who 
work  at  the  center.  Design 


aye-aye  to  a  new  $20  shirt 


based  on  the  color  poster 
"Lemurs  of  Madagascar,"  by 
Stephen  Nash,  the  center's 
"artist  in  residence."  Nash 
works  for  Conservation  Inter- 
national at  SUNY-Stony 
Brook.  The  wording  reads, 
"Duke  University  Primate 
Center,  Arovy  izahay.  Arovy 
ny  Zavaboahary,"  which  in 
Malagasy  means,  "Protect  us. 
Protect  our  wildlife." 

Tours  of  Duke  Primate  Cen- 
ter are  available  by  appoint- 
ment only.  For  information, 
call  (919)  489-3364,  or  write 
Duke  University  Primate  Cen- 
ter, 3705  Erwin  Road, 
Durham,  N.C.  27705. 


48 


DUKE  PROFILE 


MUSIC 


Composer  Stephen  Jaffe 
has  a  conscious  aver- 
sion to  grand  labels 
and  their  stagnant 
connotations.  Al- 
though he  has  written 
three  large  orchestral 
pieces,  none  carries 
the  title  "symphony."  Someday,  he  may 
write  his  own  symphony.  And  when  he 
does,  the  music  world  likely  will  take  notice. 
That's  been  the  case  with  his  "First 
String  Quartet,"  with  a  syncopation  that 
suggests  the  question:  What  if  Brahms 
were  influenced  by  jazz? 

For  years,  fellow  faculty  members  in  the 
Ciompi  Quartet,  Duke's  resident  ensemble, 
asked  him  to  compose  for  a  string  quartet, 
but  Jaffe  sidestepped.  Yes,  he  had  gathered 
national  and  international  honors.  Yet  he 
was  awed,  even  intimidated,  by  the  her- 
itage of  the  string  quartet,  which  great 
composers  have  used  to  make  their  marks. 
"That's  with  a  capital  S  and  a  capital  Q," 
Jaffe  says. 

Other  musicians  recognized  the  pressure. 
"Ever  since  Haydn,  composers  have  saved 
their  serious  efforts  for  the  string  quartet," 
says  Jonathan  Bagg,  a  Ciompi  member  for 
six  years.  Jaffe  wanted  his  quartet  to  be 
serious,  and  extremely  personal. 

Finally,  in  1990,  the  timing  seemed 
right.  Between  teaching  classes  and  finish- 
ing other  works,  he  began  crafting  the 
composition.  There  was  no  specific  inspi- 
ration, Jaffe  later  wrote  in  program  notes, 
"no  poetry  which  inspired  me,  only  musi- 
cal images  which  seemed  to  take  hold  and 
grow  organically."  The  Ciompi  Quartet 
premiered  the  piece  on  campus  in  April 
1991.  Seven  months  later,  it  took  fourth 
place  in  the  Friedheim  Competition  at  the 
Kennedy  Center  in  Washington,  D.C. 

Jaffe's  desire  to  define  his  own  musical 
language  has  been  recognized  in  the  Fried- 
heim and  other  accolades  over  the  years.  Yet 
the  thirty-seven-year-old  composer  shud- 
ders when  critics  attach  labels  to  him,  such 
as  neo-romantic  or  neo-expressionist.  "I  am 


STEPHEN  JAFFE 

BY  KATIE  MOSHER 


HMMMMUMA 


In  his  work,  the  award- 
winning  composer 
avoids  tried  and  true 
sounds  and  techniques. 
"Diversity  is  necessary 
for  the  survival 
of  the  art." 


really  doing  my  own  thing,"  he  says.  His 
varied  works  include  the  voices  of  "Fort 
Juniper   Songs"    and    pianos    of  "Double 


Sonata"  and  the  flute  of  "Three  Figures  on 
a  Ground." 

At  thirty-two  minutes,  "First  String 
Quartet"  is  Jaffe's  longest  piece,  a  musical 
tapestry  that  challenges  both  performer  and 
listener.  It  is  remarkable  for  having  "a  vari- 
ety of  textures... without  being  scattered  all 
over  the  place,"  says  the  Ciompi's  Jonathan 
Bagg.  "It  is  not  a  piece  that  employs  tried 
and  true  sounds  and  techniques." 

The  piece  was  written  with  the  perform- 
ers in  mind.  "These  are  my  friends.  I  was 
writing  exactly  for  them,"  says  Jaffe,  who 
attends  nearly  every  performance  of  the 
ensemble  founded  by  Giorgio  Ciompi.  (The 
quartet  now  features  Bruce  Berg,  Frederick 
Raimi,  Hsiao  Moi-Ku,  and  Bagg.)  To  polish 
the  piece,  Jaffe  attended  daily  rehearsals. 
Inviting  a  fifth  person  into  a  quartet's  re- 
hearsal could  be  awkward,  even  dangerous, 
according  to  Bagg,  but  Jaffe  was  quite  wel- 
come. The  rehearsals  gave  composer  and 
performers  a  chance  for  give  and  take.  "It's 
fun  to  experiment.  This  is  the  best  possible 
laboratory,"  Jaffe  says.  But  the  opportuni- 
ties are  not  limited  to  faculty.  When  work- 
ing with  a  doctoral  student,  Jaffe  will  often 
say,  "Go  try  it  out,"  and  the  student  will 
seek  out  the  quartet. 

With  its  intricate  syncopated  patterns, 
the  opening  movement  requires  extreme 
cohesion  for  ten  very  full  minutes.  "I 
remember  thinking:  This  is  one  of  the 
hardest  pieces  I  have  ever  played.  For  it  to 
sound  tight,  we  have  to  be  locked  into 
each  other,"  Bagg  says.  The  second,  shorter 
movement  is  "sportive,  playful,  with  a  light 
touch,"  says  Jaffe.  Paying  homage  to  Gior- 
gio Ciompi  himself,  the  third  movement 
offers  the  feel  of  the  old,  elegant  French 
style.  The  final  movement  is  "fast  and  relent- 
less" with  allusions  to  jazz  violin  styles  and 
to  the  Hindu  vina.  "It  has  the  quick  bow- 
strokes  which  I  love,"  Jaffe  says. 

The  piece  includes  many  lines  with  vocal 
qualities,  at  one  point  bluesy  or  rough  and 
at  another  point  silky  smooth.  The  variety 
is  achieved  by  delicate  attention  to  bow 
technique.  The  rich  musical  texture  ap- 


4" 


pealed  to  Friedheim  judge  Christopher 
Kendall,  associate  conductor  of  the  Seattle 
Symphony  and  artistic  director  of  the 
Twentieth  Century  Consort  in  residence  at 
the  Smithsonian.  "It  covers  a  really  wide 
range  of  emotional  territory,"  says  Kendall, 
who  says  that  he  heard  both  humor  and 
pathos,  driving  rhythm  and  delicate  song. 
The  Friedheim  competition  drew  140 
entries,  hut  Kendall  says  Jaffe's  style  stood 
out.  "I  felt  a  real  voice  speak  through  a 
large,  ambitious  form." 

Jaffe  says  recognition  does  not  drive  his 
work.  "The  goal  isn't  to  get  the  most  prizes 
or  audience  recognition.  The  goal  is  to 
develop  significant  and  unheard  artistic 
statements."  In  order  to  create  new  state- 
ments, he  draws  upon  formal  training  and 
life  in  general.  "I  am  profoundly  influ- 
enced by  musical  modernism,"  Jaffe  says. 
Yet  his  music  steps  beyond  the  twelve- 
tone  format.  "In  postmodern  times,  there 
is  a  recognition  that  more  than  one  way  is 
not  only  valid,  but  a  diversity  of  ways  is 
necessary  for  the  survival  of  the  art." 

Jaffe's  personal  diversity  includes  influ- 
ences from  the  popular  music  of  his  youth. 
But  he  will  not  drop  in  elements  of  rock, 
jazz,  or  gospel  purely  for  a  sense  of  exoti- 
cism, because  "art  involves  specificity,  not 
just  a  chord,  but  a  chord  at  the  right  time, 
for  the  right  reason." 


When  Jaffe  was  young,  his  geologist 
father  would  play  Mozart  sonatas  nearly 
every  night.  The  elder  Jaffe  also  played 
religious  pieces  and  show  tunes  he  com- 
posed himself.  The  younger  Jaffe  smiles 
and  quickly  slides  his  chair  to  the  piano  to 
play  from  his  father's  lively  composition, 
"The  Fakir  from  Jamaica."  Music  flowed  in 
all  three  Jaffe  siblings.  Andy  is  a  jazz  pianist 
with  several  albums  to  his  credit.  Marina 
has  played  the  oboe  professionally. 

Jaffe  began  classical  piano  lessons  as  a 
youngster.  He  had  a  rock  band  with  teen 
buddies,  which  he  terms  "practical  experi- 
ence in  music-making."  But  his  dedication 
to  composition  is  a  credit  to  Paul  Larson,  his 
junior  high  composition  teacher  in  Am- 
herst, Massachusetts.  "He  was  really  won- 
derful," Jaffe  recalls  of  the  grounding  Lar- 
son provided  the  restless  youth.  "I  was 
suffering  from  boredom  in  school."  While 
just  sixteen,  Jaffe  spent  a  year  at  the  Con- 
servatoire de  Musique  in  Geneva,  Switzer- 
land. One  of  the  youngest  students  there, 
he  earned  honors  and  went  on  to  the  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania  to  study  with  com- 
posers George  Rochberg  and  George 
Crumb,  known  for  creative  uses  of  sound. 

After  teaching  a  year  at  Swarthmore 
College,  Jaffe  received  the  Prix  de  Rome, 
an  honor  extended  earlier  to  Aaron  Cop- 
land. John  Harbison,  a  Pulitzer  Prize-win- 


ning composer,  was  resident  composer  at 
the  American  Academy  in  Rome  while 
Jaffe  held  the  fellowship.  He  fondly  recalls 
conducting  Jaffe's  "Arch,"  a  piece  for  a 
large  chamber  ensemble,  before  a  distin- 
guished audience  of  European  composers 
and  performers.  Jaffe  considers  the  piece 
from  his  "blood  red  period."  He  won't  say 
his  work  has  mellowed,  but  rather,  "now  I 
am  better  at  mixing  things  up." 

While  Jaffe  was  in  Rome  in  1981,  Duke 
was  searching  for  a  young  composer  to  add 
to  its  music  faculty.  Composer  Robert  Ward, 
retired  Mary  Duke  Biddle  Professor  of 
Music,  recalls  "stacks  and  stacks"  of  applica- 
tions. But  Jaffe's  energy  and  initiative  were 
reinforced  in  interviews.  "He  was  precisely 
what  we  were  looking  for,"  says  Ward. 

One  of  Jaffe's  first  assignments  was  to 
create  a  series  to  feature  contemporary 
music.  The  result,  "Encounters:  With  the 
Music  of  Our  Time,"  included  the  music  of 
Rochberg,  Joan  Tower,  and  Martin  Bres- 
nick,  and  numerous  world  premieres.  Jaffe 
also  has  brought  composers  such  as  Harbi- 
son to  campus  for  more  extended  discus- 
sions with  students.  Louis  Andriessen  of 
Amsterdam,  a  Mary  Duke  Biddle  Distin- 
guished Composer  in  Residence,  was  so 
impressed  with  Duke  students  during  his 
stay  that  he  invited  several  to  visit  him 
over  spring  break. 


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While  at  Duke,  Jaffe's  reputation  has 
grown.  He  spent  a  year  in  New  York  City 
on  a  Guggenheim  Fellowship  and  in  1989, 
he  received  the  Creative  Arts  Citation 
from  Brandeis  University.  That  was  fol- 
lowed by  a  North  Carolina  Arts  Council 
fellowship.  Several  of  his  works  have  been 
recorded  for  compact  disc,  and  he's  await- 
ing the  Albany  label  release  of  the  Ciompi 
Quartet  performing  his  "First  String  Quar- 
tet," a  string  quartet  by  Robert  Ward,  and 
the  first  recording  of  Aaron  Copland's 
"Movement  for  String  Quartet." 

Jaffe  stays  busy  at  the  piano  in  the  studio 
of  his  Durham  home.  But  he  often  wishes 
there  were  a  second  piano  in  the  living 
room  so  that  he,  much  like  his  father, 
could  spontaneously  play  for  his  wife,  psy- 
chiatrist Mindy  Oshrain,  or  their  daughter, 
Anna,  two,  or  just  for  himself.  Their  family 
history  has  musical  threads  of  its  own.  Jaffe 
arranged  music  from  "The  Marriage  of 
Figaro"  for  their  wedding  on  the  banks  of 
the  Eno  River.  Anna  has  her  own  lullaby. 
On  the  office  piano,  Jaffe  shares  the  sweet, 
simple  piece  with  fatherly  pride.  "I  play  it 
for  her  every  night,"  he  says.  Of  course,  he 
adds,  she  also  has  a  fondness  for  the  works 
of  guys  named  Raffi  and  Pete  Seeger. 

Jaffe  sees  the  music  department's  com- 
position program  striking  a  positive  note. 
Highly  regarded  composer  Scott  Lindroth, 
also  a  recipient  of  the  Rome  Prize  and  a 
Guggenheim  fellowship,  joined  the  faculty 
in  1990.  Lindroth  now  co-directs  the  En- 
counters series.  The  two  composers  met 
through  friends  in  New  York  in  1984, 
when  Jaffe  was  on  his  Guggenheim  and 
Lindroth  on  the  first  Revson  fellowship.  A 
new  distinguished  chair  in  composition  will 
be  funded  by  The  Duke  Endowment  and 
named  for  university  benefactors  Mary  Duke 
Biddle  Trent  Semans  '39  and  James  Semans. 
A  doctoral  program  began  in  January. 

And  Jaffe  has  great  expectations  for  a 
new  electronic  music  lab.  Although  no 
bigger  than  a  practice  room,  the  lab  con- 
tains the  latest  in  high  tech  MIDI — Music 
Instrument  Digital  Interface — work  sta- 
tions. "Bach  would  flip  his  wig,"  Jaffe  says 
as  a  student  sits  a  few  feet  away  at  a  com- 
puter station  with  a  keyboard  and  head- 
phones. Oblivious  to  the  crowd  and  demon- 
stration going  on  around  him,  the  student 
taps  out  a  beat  with  his  foot.  "When  I 
came  in  1981,"  say  Jaffe,  "there  was  an  old 
Moog  synthesizer"  dating  from  the  mid 
1960s.  A  digital  synthesizer  was  acquired 
in  1983.  Today's  students  have  a  whole 
new  generation  of  equipment. 

"This  is  comparable  to  the  nicest  MIDI 
studio  in  the  country,"  says  Lindroth,  who 
directs  the  studio,  developed  last  fall 
through  a  $93,000  grant  from  AT&T.  The 
studio  includes  two  NeXT  Cubes  for  in- 
tensive   programming,    three    Macintosh 


computers,  two  Yamaha  digital  synthesiz- 
ers, a  Lexicon  digital  effect  unit,  three  16- 
channel  mixing  boards,  monitors,  and 
amplifiers.  The  equipment  has  been  per- 
sonalized with  names  like  Karlheinz,  as  in 
Stockhousen,  one  of  the  first  composers  to 
experiment  with  electronic  music.  Anoth- 
er is  named  Igor,  as  in  Stravinsky.  The  stu- 
dio also  boasts  a  Panasonic  DAT  machine 
and  an  Akai  sampler,  which  digitally 
records  any  sound — from  voices  to  rattling 
keys — and  then  allows  the  sound  to  be 
stretched  out,  cut  up,  re-ordered,  or  other- 
wise altered.  Lindroth  says  he  hopes  the 
studio  will  expand  with  programming 
assistance  from  engineering  or  computer 
science  students. 

Jaffe  not  only  composes  but  also  carries  a 
varied  teaching  load.  His  freshman  seminar 
considers  a  century  of  American  song,  from 
minstrels  to  Madonna.  This  fall,  he  will 
teach  a  graduate  course  on  the  string  quar- 
tet. "It's  more  than  writing  for  four  strings." 

Jaffe  says  he  especially  enjoys  advising 
graduate  students.  With  a  fatherly  pride, 
he  readily  rattles  off  recent  honors,  such  as 
the  selection  of  Anthony  Kelley  '87  by  the 
Symphony  Orchestra  League  to  have  a 
piece  performed  by  the  Baltimore  Sym- 
phony, or  doctoral  candidate  Mark  Kuss' 
receipt  of  a  $5,000  Charles  Ives  Scholar- 
ship from  the  National  Academy  Institute 


of  Arts  and  Letters.  Penka  Kouneva  of 
Bulgaria,  the  first  doctoral  student  in  com- 
position, received  the  William  Klenz  Prize 
for  graduate  composition. 

Despite  previous  honors — including  a 
1989  award  from  the  International  League 
of  Women  Composers — Kouneva  says  she 
felt  lost  when  she  first  arrived  at  Duke  to 
study  for  a  master's.  "I  had  nice  ideas,  but  I 
was  not  able  to  develop  them  into  a  full 
piece.  It  was  painful,"  she  recalls.  Teachers 
in  Bulgaria  were  still  stuck  in  traditional 
"modernism"  and  did  not  appreciate  her 
style.  She  found  a  kindred  soul  in  Jaffe. 
"Ask  Penka  to  write  something  in  4-4? 
Forget  it.  She  is  disposed  against  the 
squareness  of  it,"  Jaffe  says. 

Jaffe  and  Kouneva  go  over  a  piece-in- 
progress  many  times.  Sometimes  she  plays 
the  piano  and  he  listens,  sometimes  they 
switch  roles.  Always  they  review  the  score 
on  paper  to  develop  a  sense  of  internal 
hearing  that  Jaffe  emphasizes.  "You  look  at 
the  score  and  hear  it  in  your  head,"  he 
says.  "For  any  composer,  there  needs  to  be 
a  coordination  of  the  brain,  heart,  and 
pencil."  ■ 


Mosher,  a  free-lance  writer  living  in  Raleigh,  is 
attending  graduate  school  at  North  Carolina  State 
University . 


DUKE  BOOKS 


Righteous  Carnage: 
The  List  Murders 

B31  Timothy  Benford  and  James  P.  Johnson 
'59.  New  York:  Charles  Scribner's  Sons, 
1992.  310  pp.  $19.95. 


Early  in  December  of  1971, 
prompted  by  concerns  of 
friends  and  neighbors  who 
hadn't  seen  any  members 
of  John  List's  family  for 
weeks,  police  broke  into 
the  Lists'  fading  eighteen- 
room  hilltop  mansion  in 
Westfield,  New  Jersey.  What  they  discov- 
ered shocked  the  town  and  opened  a  mys- 
tery that  wouldn't  be  solved  for  nearly 
eighteen  years. 

In  the  ballroom  were  four  bodies,  all 
neatly  arranged.  John  List's  forty-seven- 
year  old  wife,  Helen,  and  their  three  chil- 
dren, Patricia,  sixteen,  John,  fifteen,  and 
Frederick,  twelve,  had  been  shot  in  the 
back  of  the  head,  all  dead  for  nearly  a 
month.  Upstairs  was  List's  elderly  mother, 
Alma,  also  shot  dead  from  behind. 

The  mystery  was  not  who  had  committed 
the  murders,  for  John  List,  an  orderly  man, 
had  left  a  lengthy  letter  to  his  minister 
offering  reasons  for  the  violence. 

The  mystery  for  the  police  was  basic: 
Where  was  John  List?  Two  days  after  the 
bodies  were  discovered,  his  '63  Chevrolet 
Impala  was  found  in  the  long-term  parking 
lot  at  John  F.  Kennedy  Airport  on  Long 
Island,  but  he  had  left  no  hint  of  his 
whereabouts.  Weeks,  months,  then  years 
would  pass  and  the  authorities  would  come 
no  closer  to  finding  him.  John  List  had  dis- 
appeared without  a  trace. 

But  the  people  of  Westfield  were  left 
with  a  greater  mystery:  What  had  pushed  a 
man  so  quiet  and  well-mannered,  so  conser- 
vative and  devoutly  religious,  to  commit  so 
heinous  a  crime? 

The  answer  to  that  question  is  the  core 
of  Righteous  Carnage,  and  it  is  a  disturbing 
one  indeed.  Authors  Timothy  Benford  and 
James  Johnson  '59  not  only  detail  the 
forces  that  led  List  to  his  terrible  act,  they 
show  that  he  followed  his  Christianity  to 
its  logical  extreme,  which  not  only  justi- 
fied murder  but  forgave  it,  allowing  List  to 
start  a  whole  new  life. 

List  was  an  only  child,  dominated  by  his 
mother,  who  went  to  church  schools  and 
got  a  master's  degree  in  accounting  at  the 

52 


University  of  Michi- 
gan. His  downfall 
was  his  marriage  to 
a  widow  of  an  Army 
officer  who  died  in 
the  Korean  War. 
Helen  already  had 
one  child,  and  she 
harbored  a  dark  se- 
cret: Her  first  hus- 
band had  given  her 
syphilis. 

Helen  gave  birth 
to  three  more  chil- 
dren without  passing  along  the  disease  to 
them,  but  covering  her  secret  led  her  to 
alcoholism,  abuse  of  prescription  drugs,  and 
frequent  stays  in  hospitals.  Not  for  years, 
until  she  began  to  slide  into  dementia, 
would  doctors — and  her  husband — discov- 
er that  syphilis  was  her  real  problem.  By 
then  it  was  too  late  to  do  anything  about  it. 

Problems  at  home  contributed  to  List 
losing  a  series  of  executive  jobs  with  major 
companies.  Later  he  settled  in  Westfield 
and  bought  the  deteriorating  mansion  in  a 
fruitless  attempt  to  appease  his  reclusive 
wife,  whose  demands  and  ridicule  for  his 
failures  were  growing  ever  greater. 

By  the  fall  of  1971,  List  had  lost  several 
more  jobs.  He  was  without  work,  unable  to 
find  acceptable  employment,  and  deeply  in 
debt.  The  loan  company  was  foreclosing  on 
his  house.  He  suspected  that  his  daughter, 
a  rebellious  teenager,  was  experimenting 
with  drugs,  perhaps  with  Satanism  and 
witchcraft.  Her  desire  to  become  an  actress 
was  contrary  to  her  father's  strong  Chris- 
tian beliefs — a  career,  he  was  certain,  that 
would  lead  her  straight  to  hell.  He  was 
convinced  that  his  family  couldn't  face 
losing  their  home  and  having  to  accept 
outside  financial  help. 

List  could  not  escape  his  troubles 
through  suicide  because  his  religion  told 
him  that  was  the  only  unforgivable  sin 
and  an  undeniable  path  to  hell.  If  he 
killed  his  family,  he  thought,  they  would 
all  go  to  heaven  and  wouldn't  have  to 
face  the  bleak  prospects  in  Westfield.  If 
he  waited,  his  daughter  and  perhaps  his 
sons  might  lose  their  faith  and  their 
chances  for  heaven.  Mass  murder 
became  his  only  plausible  solution.  His 
religion — as  he  had  come  to  read  it — 
had  taught  him  that  he  could  be  forgiv- 
en even  that  sin. 


Authors  Benford 
and  Johnson  do  a 
fine  job  of  showing 
how  List's  back- 
ground and  person- 
ality led  him  step  by 
step  to  this  ultimate 
solution.  They  also 
go  on  to  detail  the 
low-keyed  life  that 
List  lived  after  the 
murders,  first  in  Col- 
orado, later  in  Vir- 
ginia, as  Robert  P. 
Clark.  List  took  a  series  of  low-paying  jobs, 
resumed  his  layman's  work  with  the 
Lutheran  Church,  and  even  remarried, 
telling  his  new  wife  that  his  first  wife  had 
died  of  cancer  and  they'd  had  no  children. 
He  drew  so  little  attention  to  himself 
that  he  might  have  been  able  to  go  on  for- 
ever getting  away  with  murder,  if  not  for 
some  police  officers  in  New  Jersey  who  were 
not  willing  to  forgive  and  forget.  Seven- 
teen years  after  List's  disappearance,  one  of 
those  officers  turned  for  help  to  the  televi- 
sion show  America's  Most  Wanted.  An 
anonymous  tip  (Benford  and  Johnson  were 
so  thorough  in  their  research  that  they 
even  tracked  down  the  person  who  called 
in  the  tip,  a  former  neighbor  in  Colorado) 
led  to  List's  arrest  and  ultimate  sentencing 
to  six  life  terms  in  prison. 

Benford  is  the  author  of  six  other  books. 
Johnson,  a  professor  at  the  City  University 
of  New  York,  has  written  psychohistories 
of  Lee  Harvey  Oswald,  Richard  Nixon 
LL.B.  '37,  and  Herbert  Hoover.  Both 
authors  live  with  their  families  near  West- 
field,  New  Jersey. 

This  is  not  a  book  without  flaws.  Alter- 
nating chapters  that  switch  from  the  pre- 
sent to  List's  past  interrupt  the  narrative 
and  are  a  little  irritating  at  times.  And 
the  authors'  seeming  determination  to  use 
everything  that  they  turned  up,  pertinent 
or  not,  should  have  been  checked  by  clos- 
er editing.  But  everything  considered, 
Righteous  Carnage  is  a  fine  telling  of  an 
intriguing  story. 

— Jerry  Bledsoe 


Bledsoe,  author  of  Blood  Games  and  Bitter 
Blood,  lives  in  Asheboro,  North  Carolina,  where 
he  runs  Down  Home  Press. 


To  recognize  an  outstanding  team... 


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//'('  Ri\<'\niition  Group 
17371  NE  67th  CT.  Su. 
Redmond,  WA  98052 


Nothing  succeeds  like  success, 


EDITOR: 

Robert].  Bitwise  A.M. '88 
ASSOCIATE  EDITOR: 
Sam  Hull 

FEATURES  EDITOR: 
Bridget  Boohei  '82,  A.M.  '92 
SCIENCE  EDITOR: 
Dennis  Meredith 
DESIGN  CONSULTANT: 
West  Side  Studio,  Inc. 
PUBLISHER:  M.  Laney 
Funderburkjr.  '60 

OFFICERS,  DUKE  ALUMNI 
ASSOCIATION: 
Edward  M.Hanson  Jr.  73, 
A.M.  77,  J.D.  77,  president; 
Stanley  G.  Bradingjr.  72, 
president-elect,-  M.  Laney 
Funderburkjr.  '60,  secretary- 
treasurer. 

PRESIDENTS,  SCHOOL 
AND  COLLEGE  ALUMNI 
ASSOCIATIONS: 
Margaret  Tufbyfill  M.Div.  76, 
Divinity  School;  Harold  L.  Yoh 
III  B.S.M.E.  '83,  School  of  Engi- 
neering; Robert  R.  Lane  M.B.A. 
•81,  Fuqua  School  of  Business; 
Bartow  S.  Shaw  M.F.  '64, 
School  of  the  Environment; 
Sue  Gourly  Brody  M.H.A.  '82, 
Department  of  Health  Adminis- 
tration; Dara  L.  DeHaven  J.D. 
'80,  School  of  Law;  Robert  K. 
YowellM.D  '67,  School  of 
Medicine;  Jo  Ann  Baughan 
Dalton,  B.S.N.  '57,  M.S.N.  '60, 
School  of  Nursing;  Marie  Koval 
Nardone  M.S.  79,  A.H.C.  79, 
Graduate  Program  in  Physical 
Therapy;  Lovest  T.  Alexander 
Jr.  B.S.H.  78,  Physicians'  Assis- 
tant Program;  Julian  C  Lent:  Jr. 
'38,  M.D.  '42,  Half-Century 
Club. 

EDITORIAL  ADVISORY 
BOARD:  Clay  Felker  '51, 
chairman;  Frederick  F.  Andrews 
'60;  Debra  Blum  '87;  Sarah 
Hardesty  Bray  72;  Holly  B. 
Brubach  75;  Nancy  L.  Cardwell 
•69;  Dana  L  Fields  78;  Jerrold 
K.  Footlick;  Edward  M.  Gomez 
79;  Elizabeth  H.  Locke  '64, 
Ph.D.  72;  Thomas  P.  Losee  Jr. 
'63;  Peter  Maas  '49;  Hugh  S. 
Sidey;  Richard  Austin  Smith 
'35;  Susan  Tift  73;  Robert  J. 
Bitwise  A.M.  '88,  secretary. 

Composition  by  Liberated 
Types,  Ltd.;  printing  by  PBM 
Graphics  Inc.;  printed  on  War- 
ren Recovery  Matte  White  and 
Cross  Pointe  Sycamore  Offset 
Tan 

©1992  Duke  University 
Published  bimonthly  by  the 
Office  of  Alumni  Affairs;  vol- 
untary subscriptions  $20  per 
year:  Duke  Magazine,  Alumni 
House,  614  Chapel  Drive, 
Durham,  N.C  27706; 
(919)684-5114. 


SEPTEMBER- 
OCTOBER  1992 


UME 


VOLUME  78 
NUMBER  6 


Cover:  Student-affairs  vice  presi- 
dent Janet  Dickerson,  in  front 
of  the  Bryan  University  Center, 
shows  a  steadfast  concern  for 
student  actions  and  activities. 
Photo  by  Jim  Wallace 


FEATURES 


CHARTING  CHANGES  IN  STUDENT  LIFE  by  Robert  J.  Bitwise 

Duke's  new  vice  president  for  student  affairs  is  looking  to  make  the  cuniculum  and  the  extra- 
curriculum  less  separate  and  more  equal 


THE  CAMPAIGN  CARAVAN  by  Jonathan  Rosenblum  8 

On  their  latest  misadventure — a  California  congressional  race — Dr.  Hollywood,  J.R.,  and 
The  Candidate  go  after  the  votes  of  rodeo  clowns,  hairdressers,  and  meter  readers 

DUKE  DESEGREGATES:  THE  FIRST  FIVE  by  Bridget  Booher  V2 

Reflections  from  the  first  black  undergraduates  on  what  it  was  like  to  make  history,  and  how  the 
experience  continues  to  shape  their  lives 

TRUTH  THROUGH  THE  CAMERA'S  EYE  by  Virginia  Boyd  37~ 

Nominated  for  an  Academy  Award  for  his  documentary  Agee,  Ross  Spears  has  focused  his 
sights  on  the  passions  and  paradoxes  of  the  South 

LOW  CALORIES  MEET  THE  HIGH  SEAS  by  Mike  Bellows  40~ 

The  Duke  Diet  and  Fitness  Center  organized  this  seven-day  luxury  cruise  to  help  overweight 
people  put  a  bridle  on  their  eating  disorders 

DEPARTMENTS 

FORUM  ~~  36^ 

In  the  wake  of  the  Los  Angeles  riots,  a  resident  tries  to  make  sense  out  of  the  chaos — and  find 
hope  for  the  future 

GAZETTE  AlT 

Welcoming  a  new  class  to  campus,  rewarding  scholarly  pursuits  in  the  field,  surveying  family 
life  on  the  farm 

BOOKS  51~ 

A  Nobel  Prize-winning  tale  of  sex  and  violence  in  pre-war  Madrid;  an  operative  lesson  in 
White  House  communications 


DUKE  PERSPECTIVES 


CHARTING 

CHANGES  DSf 

STUDENTLIFE 


BY  ROBERT  J.  BLI WISE 

JANET  DICKERSON: 


STRIKING  A  BALANCE 


Duke's  new  vice  president  for  student  affairs  is  look- 
ing to  make  the  cumculum  and  the  extra-curriculum 
less  separate  and  more  equal.  "I  don't  think  there 
needs  to  be  a  dichotomy  between  work  and  play." 


Picture  the  scene:  The  Rodney  King 
beating  verdict  is  in,  Los  Angeles 
erupts,  and  Duke's  campus  orga- 
nizes to  react.  A  rally  is  held,  with 
calls  from  the  university  president,  the 
university  minister,  and  others  for  racial 
harmony. 

But  one  voice  resonates  long  after  the 
rally  transforms  itself  into  a  downtown 
march.  It's  a  voice  mixed  with  anger  and 
anguish.  The  words  are  spoken  from  the 
heart,  and  the  effect  is  overwhelming. 
They  are  words  about  growing  up  in  a  seg- 
regated community,  about  experiencing 
discrimination,  about  observing  the  despair 
of  black  males,  about  the  need  for  a  divided 
society  to  come  together,  and  about  fears 
for  a  twenty-two-year-old  daughter  living 
in  Los  Angeles.  At  least  one  person  in  the 
crowd  ruminates  on  the  possibility  that  the 
speaker  may  someday  run  for  political  office. 
She  isn't  running  for  anything  at  the 
moment,  but  Janet  Smith  Dickerson  isn't 
running  away  from  anything,  either.  Cer- 
tainly not  from  the  litany  of  problems 
attached  to  student  life:   racial  tensions, 


sexual  harassment  and  date-rape,  excessive 
drinking,  flimsy  faculty-student  interaction 
outside  the  classroom,  over-crowding  in 
the  dorms.  As  vice  president  for  student 
affairs,  Dickerson  is  a  year  into  one  of  the 
toughest  jobs  on  campus. 

Dickerson  came  to  Duke  last  summer 
after  fifteen  years  at  Swarthmore.  She 
found  herself  replacing  a  legend:  William  J. 
Griffith  '50  had  just  completed  a  four- 
decade  career  with  Duke,  first  as  director 
of  the  Union,  then  assistant  dean  of  Arts 
and  Sciences,  and,  since  1979,  vice  presi- 
dent for  student  affairs. 

"She's  a  very  different  person  from  Bill 
Griffith,"  says  Paula  Burger  '67,  A.M.  '74, 
vice  provost  for  academic  services.  "What 
drives  her  is  not  so  much  wanting  to  fol- 
low in  his  footsteps  but  a  commitment  to 
focus  her  energies  and  abilities  on  issues 
that  affect  the  welfare  of  students.  She's 
not  one  to  try  to  be  something  she's  not; 
she's  secure  in  who  she  is,  she's  got  her 
own  style,  and  she's  comfortable  with  it. 
She'll  be  a  legend  here  in  her  own  time.  I 
really  do  believe  that." 


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It 


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Richard  White,  dean  of  Trinity  College 
and  vice  provost  for  undergraduate  educa- 
tion, sits  with  Dickerson  on  the  Council 
for  Undergraduate  Affairs  and  on  an  East 
Campus  task  force.  That  mutual  commit- 
tee service  reflects  a  push  to  narrow  the 
separation  between  the  in-class  and  out- 
of-class  spheres.  "If  we're  going  to  tout  the 
Duke  undergraduate  experience  as  the  best 
there  is,  we  need  to  ensure  that  the  aca- 
demic side  complements  the  residential 
and  extra-curricular  side,"  White  says. 

"What's  impressed  me  about  Janet  is  her 
concern  for  planning,  process,  and  the  set- 
ting of  priorities.  She  approaches  issues  by 
accumulating  as  much  background  infor- 
mation as  possible,  getting  a  sure  sense  of 
people's  views,  and  then  reaching  an 
informed  decision.  And  she  won't  hesitate 
to  raise  touchy  issues  in  order  to  get  every- 
thing on  the  table.  Someone  else  might 
have  come  into  the  job  quite  content  with 
what  was  established.  Her  attitude  is  that 
nothing  regarding  student  life  is  necessari- 
ly sacred:  If  it's  good,  fine,  let's  leave  it 
alone;  if  it  can  be  improved,  let's  talk 
about  it." 

For  ten  years,  Dickerson  was  Swarth- 
more's  dean  of  the  college — a  big  job  on  a 
small  campus  that  encompassed  student- 
support  services  from  academic  advising  to 
athletics.  News  of  the  Duke  appointment 
quickly  brought  forth  the  inevitable  com- 
parisons: Swarthmore,  the  small,  intellec- 
tually rigorous,  Quaker-related  Pennsylvania 
school;  Duke,  a  much  more  complex  place 
where  academic  excellence  is  often  seen  as 
being  accompanied  by  a  play-and-party- 
hard  mind-set.  Dickerson  is  restrained  in 
her  own  comparisons.  She  talks  about  "the 
similarity  of  the  issues"  related  to  student 


ff  on  Homecoming  C< 


life  and  "the  generic  things  that  have  to  be 
done,  like  planning  and  communication." 

Her  former  Swarthmore  colleagues  draw 
a  picture  of  Dickerson  as  a  student-affairs 


activist,  a  consensus-builder,  a  good  listener, 
and  a  popular  figure  among  the  college's 
1,300  students.  Dickerson  received  an  hon- 
orary degree  this  spring  at  Swarthmore's 
commencement  ceremony.  As  its  parting 
gift,  the  senior  class  commissioned  her  por- 
trait to  hang  in  the  administration  building, 
and  Swarthmore  people  derive  wry  satis- 
faction from  the  display  of  a  black  woman 
among  rows  of  somber,  white-male  Quaker 
founders.  True  to  the  Quaker  spirit  of  com- 
munity service,  Dickerson  set  up  the  Swarth- 
more Foundation,  which  awards  grants  to 
students  for  such  projects  as  tutoring  chil- 
dren, rehabilitating 
homes,  and  assisting 
AIDS  patients.  To 
encourage  better  race 
relations,  she  orga- 
nized a  series  of  talks 
and  workshops,  and 
successfully  made  the 
case  for  an  Intercul- 
tural  Center  on  cam- 
pus. And  fighting  the 
idea — in  the  words 
of  one  of  her  former 
associates — that 
"Quakers  are  not  big 
on  rules,"  she  put  a 
stop  to  the  free  flow 
of  alcohol  at  dorm 
parties. 

"In  a  lot  of  ways,  when  she  was  dean  she 
served  as  Swarthmore's  moral  conscience," 
says  Swarthmore  dean  Tedd  Goundie.  "She 
would  raise  issues  that  needed  to  be  raised, 
but  that  may  not  have  been  so  obvious  to 
others  in  the  administration." 

Serge  Francois,  who  graduated  from 
Swarthmore  a  year  ago,  now  works  for  the 
college  as  its  first  vol- 
unteer coordinator — 
a  position  established 
by  Dickerson.  About 
half  of  Swarthmore's 
students  are  involved 
in  community  out- 
reach; Francois  is  the 
L  main   resource   for 

~*  m     -  them.  Francois,  a  one- 

time student  resident 
adviser,  sketches  a  se- 
ries of  stress-produc- 
ing episodes  on  cam- 
pus, all  of  which 
involved  a  response 
from  Dickerson:  "Dur- 
ing my  sophomore 
year,  the  campus  was 
shocked  by  a  student 
suicide;  during  my  ju- 
nior year,  there  was  an  accidental  death; 
during  my  senior  year,  there  was  heated 
division  among  the  student  body  on  racial 
issues.    Through    all    those    tough    times, 


Dickerson's 

message  on  student 

responsibility 

hasn't  always 

been  received 

with  enthusiasm — 

notably  when  it 
comes  to  drinking. 


Janet  was  exerting  strong  leadership,  call- 
ing on  us  to  be  a  community.  I'd  guess  that 
every  student  has  talked  to  her  one  time  or 
another  about  something." 

"There's  something  almost  spiritual 
about  the  way  Janet  approaches  people," 
says  Joe  Mason,  a  Swarthmore  associate 
dean  and  director  of  the  Black  Cultural 
Center.  One  of  her  disarming  techniques, 
Mason  adds,  is  to  inject  levity  whenever 
possible.  "Janet  will  deal  with  you  on  a  very 
serious,  difficult  issue,  then  all  of  a  sudden 
she'll  flash  this  almost  little-girl  smile  at 
you,  and  the  tension  will  go  away." 

Dickerson  contin- 
ues with  one  strong 
Swarthmore  connec- 
tion: It  was  through 
Swarthmore  that  she 
met  her  husband, 
J.  Paul  Stephens. 
Stephens  was  a  can- 
didate for  a  position 
in  Dickerson's  office. 
Dickerson  was  asso- 
ciate dean  at  the 
time;  Stephens,  a  for- 
mer assistant  dean  at 
Dartmouth,  was  com- 
pleting his  doctorate 
in  higher  education 
at  the  University  of 
Indiana  at  Bloom- 
ington.  The  Swarthmore  job  went  to 
someone  else,  and  Stephens  went  to  Lin- 
coln University  in  Pennsylvania  as  assis- 
tant to  the  president  and  director  of  alum- 
ni affairs. 

"After  a  suitable  time,  he  called  me  and 
we  went  out  to  lunch.  We  had  discovered 
in  the  course  of  the  interview  that  we  had 
mutual  friends  in  Indiana.  That  was  what 
really  started  our  association.  Of  course,  he 
also  wanted  to  find  out  why  he  hadn't  got- 
ten the  job,"  says  Dickerson.  "As  he  teas- 
ingly  says,  he  didn't  get  the  job,  but  he  got 
me."  In  a  career  shift  that  coincided  with 
his  wife's  move  to  Duke,  Stephens  is  now 
executive  director  of  the  Durham-based 
Chuck  Davis  African  American  Dance 
Ensemble. 

Dickerson  grew  up  in  small-town  Den- 
mark, South  Carolina,  in  what  was  "sup- 
posed to  be  an  impoverished  region,"  as 
she  puts  it.  "The  way  I  think  about  it  is 
that  there  are  different  ways  to  declare 
impoverishment.  And  most  of  the  rest  of 
society  is  much  more  impoverished  than 
my  family  and  my  community,  because  we 
had  spiritual  wealth  there.  We  had  a  com- 
munity that  really  accepted  responsibility 
for  caring  for  one  another." 

Dickerson's  mother,  a  graduate  of  New 
York's  Hunter  College,  was  a  school  teach- 
er; her  father  was  a  tailor  who  was  a  found- 
ing teacher  at  the  first  South  Carolina 


trade  school  open  to  blacks.  This  was  a 
time,  the  Forties  and  Fifties,  and  a  place  of 
rigid  segregation.  "I  lived  in  an  almost 
completely  black  community  until  I  went 
to  college,"  Dickerson  says.  "Most  summers 
I  went  with  my  moth- 
er and  my  brothers 
and  sisters  to  Harlem 
to  get  more  cultural 
experiences  than  we 
could  get  in  the  rural 
South.  But  I  can't  say 
that  I  had  any  con- 
temporaries in  the 
South  who  were  not 
African-Americans.  I 
did  not  know  a  white 
person  except  for  two 
of  the  merchants  in 
town.  I  didn't  know 
the  distinction  be- 
tween Gentiles  and 
Jews.  I  didn't  know 
an  Asian-American 
person." 

Guided  by  her 
mother,  Dickerson  did 
develop  an  early  inter- 
est in  one  of  Ameri- 
ca's first  published 
black  poets.  In  1761, 

the  slave  who  would  take  the  name  Phillis 
Wheatley  was  brought  from  west  Africa  to 
Boston  on  the  slave-trade  schooner  Phillis; 
she  became  the  servant — and  the  gifted 
pupil — of  the  family  of  a  prominent  Bos- 
ton merchant.  "I  think  that  what  always 
intrigued  me  about  her  was  that  she  had  a 
life  of  the  mind,  despite  being  in  oppres- 
sive circumstances,"  says  Dickerson.  Much 
of  Wheatley's  work  is,  though,  filled  with 
saccharine,  shining-city-on-the-hill  imagery 
of  America:  "Hail,  happy  day,  when,  smil- 
ing like  the  morn,/Fair  Freedom  rose  New- 
England  to  adorn..."  But  Dickerson  says 
that  few  obvious  role  models  were  avail- 
able to  her  as  she  was  growing  up:  "There 
wasn't  an  Alice  Walker  publishing. 

"My  mother  accepted  the  limitations  and 
boundaries  of  a  segregated  society.  She  al- 
ways celebrated  America — maybe  a  lot  of 
school  teachers  did.  She  had  a  vision  that 
some  of  us  would  find  ways  to  open  up 
some  doors  and  be  full  participants  in  the 
community.  Today  if  I  read  Phillis  Wheat- 
ley,  I  suppose  I'd  have  a  very  different 
reaction  to  it.  I'm  much  more  overtly 
political  than  my  mother  ever  was,  and  I'm 
more  cynical  than  she  ever  was." 

Dickerson  went  off  to  Western  College 
for  Women,  now  part  of  Ohio's  Miami 
University.  For  the  small-town  South  Caro- 
linian, Western  was  an  eye-opening  educa- 
tional encounter  with  "women  from  all 
over  the  world."  There  she  acquired  her 
first  taste  of  student-affairs  leadership:  She 


became  a  student  government  officer,  and, 
she  says,  "my  deans  there  were  some  of  my 
major  role  models." 

After  college,  Dickerson  taught  English 
and  worked  as  a  guidance  counselor  in  Cin- 
cinnati junior  high 
schools.  She  spent 
five  years  at  Indiana's 
Earlham  College  as 
associate  dean  of  stu- 
dents and  assistant 
professor  of  educa- 
tion. While  there  she 
established  a  compre- 
hensive "supportive 
services"  program. 

At  Duke,  Dicker- 
son's  purview  extends 
to  residential  lite,  psy- 
chological counseling, 
career  development, 
cultural  affairs,  inter- 
national-student sup- 
port, minority  affairs, 
religious  activities, 
student  activities,  and 
volunteer  services. 
She  has  an  educa- 
tional mission  that 
has  a  wider  sweep — 
and  arguably  a  more 
lasting  impact — than  any  single  academic 
program.  As  trustee  Lee  Clark  Johns  '64 
describes  it,  that  mission  encompasses  "how 
students  treat  each  other,  how  they  live 
with  one  another,  their  sense  of  responsi- 
bility for  the  well-being  of  one  another." 

To  Johns,  a  former  president  of  the  al- 
umni association  and  the  parent  of  a  re- 
cent graduate  and  of 
a  sophomore,  Dicker- 
son's  job  carries  more 
than  its  share  of  dif- 
ficulties and  contra- 
dictions. "The  same 
problems  we  see  in 
the  larger  society — 
problems  like  inter- 
personal relation- 
ships and  tolerance — 
are  magnified  on 
a  university  campus," 
Johns  says.  "The  uni- 
versity has  to  com- 
mit itself  to  promoting  tolerance  and 
open-mindedness  at  the  same  time  that  it 
cannot  appear  to  be  dictating  one  agenda. 
And  it  has  to  face  the  reality  that  these 
gifted,  highly-motivated  young  people 
reject  an  environment  of  in  loco  parentis, 
but  also  that  they  carry  a  burden  of  stress 
that  may  lead  to  alcohol  abuse  and  a  cut- 
loose  mentality." 

One  of  Dickerson's  first-year  themes  has 
been  that  student  freedoms  can't  be  sepa- 
rated  from   student   responsibilities.    She 


"I  don't  know 

why  it  should  bother 

anyone  that 

students  of  color 

should  eat  together." 


says,  though,  that  she  isn't  quick  to  codify. 
She's  on  a  university  committee  that's 
looking  into  an  honor  code,  and  "I've 
probably  been  one  of  the  minority  voices" 
arguing  against  imposition  of  a  code.  "We 
know  in  this  society  that  people  are  will- 
ing to  sign  their  names  on  things  and  will 
still  not  do  what  they've  committed  to 
doing.  So  we  can't  be  certain  to  get 
integrity  and  honor  by  having  people  sign 
a  form.  I  also  have  a  problem  with  separat- 
ing out  academic  honor  from  other  areas 
of  conduct.  Can  a  person  be  academically 
honorable  but  not  make  a  commitment  to 
other  social  obligations?" 

Dickerson's  message  on  responsibilities 
hasn't  always  been  received  with  enthusi- 
asm— notably  when  it  comes  to  drinking. 
Senior  Paul  Hudson  says  he's  wary  that 
student  responsibility  will  translate  into 
administrative  clampdowns.  Hudson,  as 
vice  president  for  student  affairs  for  the 
Associated  Students  of  Duke  University,  is 
roughly  Dickerson's  student-government 
counterpart.  "I  think  she  wants  to  be  fair 
in  what  she  does  and  to  listen  to  what  peo- 
ple have  to  say,"  he  says.  "But  as  far  as  I 
can  tell,  her  heart  and  her  mind  link  her 
to  a  much  more  restrictive  policy." 

Graduates  of  the  Class  of  1991,  in  an 
Alumni  Affairs  survey,  rated  Duke's  "social 
atmosphere"  lower  than  any  other  surveyed 
class — 5.42  on  a  10-point  scale.  At  the 
same  time,  the  survey  showed  a  decline  in 
alcohol  and  drug  use.  Accompanying  that 
bit  of  apparently  good  news  were  signs  of  dis- 
content over  more  stringent  noise  and  alco- 
hol policies,  which  received  5.71  and  5.20 
ratings,  also  the  lowest  ever.  As  Duke  seniors, 
last  year's  group  of 
graduates  saw  rule 
changes  that,  among 
other  things,  re- 
stricted keg  parties 
to  Thursday,  Friday, 
and  Saturday  nights; 
specified  identity- 
checking  and  bar- 
tending procedures 
for  parties;  and  re- 
quired alternative 
beverages  and  food 
complements  where 
alcoholic  beverages 
were  served.  Now  a  new  committee  is  tak- 
ing a  fresh  look  at  the  alcohol  policy. 

"Right  now,  the  committee  is  very  nar- 
rowly focused  only  on  restricting  alcohol," 
Hudson  says.  "It  refuses  to  look  at  other 
issues.  Duke  and  Durham  don't  offer  the 
social  options  that  other  places  do.  Duke  is 
essentially  an  on-campus  school;  at  other 
places,  fraternities  are  off  campus  or  a  large 
percentage  of  the  student  body  is  off  cam- 
pus. The  reason  that  alcohol  is  so  promi- 
nent is  that  there  is  little  else  to  do  in  late- 


night  hours.  I'm  not  trying  to  defend  the 
kegs  system,  but  I  do  think  the  emphasis 
should  be  on  increasing  the  social  options 
that  students  have  instead  of  restricting 
one  of  the  few  options  available. 

"Personally,  I  don't  think  the  university 
has  a  special  reason  for  enforcing  the 
drinking  age.  It  should  be  concerned  about 
alcohol  abuse.  But  it's  a  false  hope  to  think 
that  we  could  ever  keep  people  under  the 
age  of  twenty-one  from  drinking.  Society 
hasn't  come  close.  Why  Duke  thinks  it's 
able  to  is  beyond  me." 

For  her  part,  Dickerson  says  she's  no 
party-pooper.  "A  party  that  has  kegs  as  its 
only  focus  is  missing  something,  though." 
And  denying  an  alcohol-policy  fixation, 
she  says  she  wants  to  set  up  a  task  force 
("Duke  seems  to  like  task  forces")  on  com- 
munity life.  Dickerson  wants  an  agenda 
that  stretches  from  concerns  like  volunteer 
service  to  recreational  facilities.  The  group 
will  look  at  approaches  to  "fostering  the 
kinds  of  social  interactions  through  which 
students  can  develop  close  relationships," 
she  says,  "in  ways  that  don't  devalue  their 
humanity." 

University  administrators  are  in  "a  very 
difficult  if  not  impossible  situation,"  Dick- 
erson says.  "Why  should  we  as  a  university, 
in  effect,  collude  with  students  to  break 
the  laws  that  govern  the  distribution  and 
use  of  alcoholic  beverages?  At  the  same 
time,  we  have  a  population  of  students 
who  come  to  the  university  with  a  certain 
group  of  expectations.  Among  those 
expectations  is  that  they  will  have  the 
freedom  to  do  some  exploration  and  exper- 
imentation; the  last  thing  they  want  is 
somebody  telling  them  what  to  do."  In 
Dickerson's  view,  the  educational  mission 
extends  to  helping  students  in  informed 
choice-making.  "That  doesn't  mean  clamp- 
ing down.  It  means  making  sure  students 
recognize  that  they're  not  invulnerable 
either  to  the  law  or  to  physical  or  psycho- 
logical risk." 

At  least  some  student  leaders  identify 
with  Dickerson's  agenda  of  expanding  social 
options.  One  of  those  is  Kenny  Jahng,  a 
senior  and  president  of  Duke's  Asian  Stu- 
dents Association.  This  academic  year, 
he's  heading  the  Duke  Union's  Special 
Events  committee,  which  plans,  among 
other  events,  the  annual  Oktoberfest  and 
Springiest,  the  Christmas  Tree  lighting 
ceremony,  and — in  an  evolving  tradi- 
tion— music  for  the  Final  Four  bonfire  cel- 
ebrations. Jahng  is  the  founder  of  a  group 
with  the  somewhat  ambiguous  name  of 
Purgatory,  set  up  as  a  nonalcoholic  alter- 
native to  keg  parties.  Purgatory  is  a  sort  of 
roving  dance  club;  every  two  weeks  it 
organizes  a  dance  event  at  a  different  place 
on  campus. 

"Right  from  the  start,  Janet  Dickerson 


Says  a 

former  colleague, 

"There's  something 

almost  spiritual  about 

the  way  Janet 
approaches  people." 


was  a  strong  supporter  of  the  program," 
says  Jahng.  "Without  her  initial  enthusi- 
asm and  funding  from  her  office,  it  would 
never  have  gotten  off  the  ground."  Purga- 
tory has  now  been  embraced  by  the 
Union,  which  gives  the  group  wider  spon- 
sorship as  well  as  more  permanent  funding. 

The  product  of  an  all-women's  college, 
Dickerson  has  already  put  her  mark  on  is- 
sues of  particular  concern  to  women.  Some 
women  undergraduates  "have  told  me  that 
being  a  woman  at  Duke  is  like  being  a  visi- 
tor at  a  men's  college."  She  doesn't  think 
that's  a  fair  assessment.  But  she  saw  to  it 
that  the  Women's  Center  was  given  a 
more  prominent  location  on  campus,  and 
helped  give  it  the  status  of  a  "Safe  Haven" 
for  women  on  Friday  and  Saturday  nights. 
She  worked  with  Duke  Public  Safety  to 
better  secure  the  campus  for  the  Final  Four 
celebrations. 

And  she  is  central  to  an  effort  to  rede- 
fine Duke's  sexual-harassment  policy,  begin- 
ning with  the  hiring  of  a  staff  member  to 
address  cases  of  alleged  sexual  harassment. 
The  Chronicle,  in  a  summer  issue,  called  at- 
tention to  what  it  called  "a  system  of  frus- 
tration" that  prompted  a  recent  graduate 
to  go  public  with  her  account.  As  the 
newspaper's  story  put  it:  "Victims  of  sexual 
harassment  are  deterred  from  coming  for- 
ward because  the  current  policy  is  ambigu- 
ous, cumbersome,  and  generally  difficult  to 
understand.  Many  are  also  intimidated  by 
the  thought  of  confronting  the  alleged  per- 
petrator in  the  cold  den  of  a  university 
bureaucracy."  Dickerson  says,  "I  think  a 
major  problem,  not  just  here  at  Duke  but 
in  our  society,  is  that  there  are  differences 
of  opinion  about  what  harassment  is  and 
what  constitutes  offensive  behavior." 

Dickerson  has  also  pressed  for  greater  at- 
tention to  East  Campus,  site  of  the 
Woman's  College  in  the  days  of  Duke 
coordinate  education.  It  is  East,  as  she  says, 
that  "women  from  another  generation  view 
as  their  campus  and  which  has  been  the  vic- 
tim of  significant  benign  neglect  over  time. 
I  think  there  are  some  women  who  have 
seen  that  benign  neglect  as  a  metaphor  for 


Duke's  attitude  toward  women." 

Trustee  Lee  Johns  recalls  that  an  East 
Campus  Task  Force  report  was  reviewed  by 
the  trustees  last  September.  "A  number  of 
us  were  very  concerned  that  it  not  be 
shelved.  We  had  had  studies  for  twenty- 
five  years,  and  nothing  had  happened.  In 
the  meantime  East  Campus  had  lost  its 
reason  for  being,  and  was  seen  as  second 
rate  by  a  lot  of  students.  Obviously,  Janet 
had  picked  up  on  that  feeling.  This  was 
maybe  her  second  or  third  trustee  meeting 
at  Duke,  but  she  was  assertive  in  her  argu- 
ments for  action.  She  said  that  student- 
affairs  administrators  needed  to  be 
involved  in  the  decision  making,  that  this 
was  not  just  a  building  issue,  but  that  it 
would  affect  the  quality  of  student  life." 

Dickerson  found  her  argument  for  repre- 
sentation accepted.  And  she  found  herself 
appointed  co-chair  of  a  new  committee. 
(Says  an  admiring  colleague:  "All  sorts  of 
people  had  been  making  student-life  deci- 
sions without  any  input  from  the  profes- 
sionals.") In  December,  the  trustees  decid- 
ed to  move  ahead  with  the  committee's 
plan  to  revitalize  East  Campus.  The  cen- 
terpiece is  a  dorm  construction  project 
that  will  proceed  in  several  phases.  The 
familiar  endless-corridor  dorm  model  was 
rejected;  in  its  place  are  rooms  arranged  in 
small  clusters — an  architectural  effort  to 
forge  community. 

Dorm  configurations  are  just  part  of  the 
challenge  of  achieving  community.  Dick- 
erson says  Duke  students  are  tolerant  of 
differences — at  least  to  a  point.  "People  do 
talk  about  getting  'Duke-ified'  or  develop- 
ing that  Duke  attitude  that  makes  it  not 
cool  to  say  what  you  think,  not  cool  to  be 
yourself,  or  not  cool  to  be  different  from 
some  norm.  Students  should  recognize  the 
richness  of  individual  differences."  As 
Dickerson  sees  it,  the  problem  with  the 
much-discussed  "Duke's  Vision"  program — 
which,  over  an  intense  orientation  week, 
immerses  and  challenges  first-year  students 
in  discussions  about  issues  of  race,  class, 
and  gender — is  its  limited  time-frame. 
She'd  like  to  spur  continued  interactions 
among  typically  slow-to-interact  groups. 

Observers  of  the  Duke  scene  find  that 
respect  for  differences  doesn't  necessarily 
translate  into  easygoing  relations  between 
the  races — particularly  in  spheres  like 
housing  and  dining.  Is  separation  by  races 
characteristic  of  college  life,  and  is  it 
healthy?  Dickerson  answers,  "Yes,  and  yes. 

"If  a  person  chooses  to  eat  with  a  mem- 
ber of  his  fraternity,  nobody  thinks  of  that 
as  segregation.  When  you  talk  about  segre- 
gation, what  you're  really  saying  is  that 
black  people  choose  to  eat  together.  But  it 
is  the  fact  in  this  society  that  there  are  lots 
of  interactions  within  groups  of  similar 
backgrounds.    So    I    don't   know    why    it 


should  bother  anyone  that  students  of 
color  should  eat  together,  anymore  than  it 
should  bother  anyone  that  physicists 
should  eat  together,  or  that  people  in  the 
development  office  should  eat  together." 

Dickerson  is  more  disturbed  by  more 
subtle  kinds  of  separation  on  campus.  "I 
don't  see  much  interaction  between  gradu- 
ate students  and  undergraduates.  I  don't 
see  much  interaction  between  faculty  and 
students  outside  the  classroom.  I  don't  know 
how  much  interaction  there  is  between 
students  who  are  varsity  athletes  and  other 
members  of  the  community.  And  I  think 
that  we  render  a  whole  class  of  employees 
pretty  invisible:  I  don't  see  people  chatting 
with  or  even  acknowledging  some  of  the 
people  at  the  university  who  work  in  the 
jobs  that  keep  the  place  going." 

Relatively  few  black  students  at  Duke 
choose  to  live  on  West  Campus.  West  is 
generally  thought  to  be  best,  because  of  easy 
access  to  classroom  buildings,  recreational 
areas,  and  the  university  center.  But  to  a  dis- 
proportionate extent,  black  students  popu- 
late the  Central  Campus  apartments,  which 
are  actually  central  to  very  little  at  Duke. 
Dickerson  looks  at  patterns  of  self-segrega- 
tion in  terms  of  lifestyle  differences.  And  she 
isn't  quick  to  pile  praise  on  mainstream 
dorm  life.  "I  have  strong  feelings  about  the 
assumption  that  the  way  to  achieve  inte- 
gration is  to  get  students  of  color  to 
become  like  white  students,"  she  says. 

"I  think  that  the  patterns  of  housing 
segregation  start  with  the  residential  fra- 
ternities on  campus,  which  for  the  most 
part  do  not  reflect  a  great  deal  of  racial 
integration.  When  you  look  at  the  kinds  of 
choices  that  are  available  on  campus,  you 
can  understand  why  some  students  choose 
the  accommodations  that  they  do. 

"A  lot  of  students  don't  want  to  live  in 
dormitories  with  long  halls  and  common 
bathrooms.  A  lot  of  students  don't  like  the 
idea  that  those  living  areas  are  trashed  reg- 
ularly; they  don't  like  waking  up  to  vomit 
in  the  bathrooms  every  weekend.  And  they 
are  embarrassed  that  people  who  could  be 
their  relatives  are  the  ones  who  have  to 
clean  those  up  on  Monday  morning.  So 
they  might  choose  a  place  where  they 
have  more  control  over  their  environ- 
ment, where  the  noise  levels  are  somewhat 
quieter,  where  there  isn't  beer  spilled  on 
the  floor  to  the  extent  that  it  is  forcing  the 
tiles  to  crack  and  be  replaced  once  a  year." 

Dickerson's  sphere  at  Swarthmore  in- 
cluded student  life  in  all  its  dimensions.  At 
Duke  she's  looking  to  make  the  curriculum 
and  the  extra-curriculum  less  separate  and 
more  equal.  With  her  prodding,  academic 
and  student-affairs  administrators  are  orga- 
nizing an  "Idea  of  the  University"  seminar 
series  that  will  draw  on  themes  like 
integrity  and  the  nature  of  a  learning  com- 


munity. Says  Dickerson:  "It  seems  to  me 
that  the  assumption  for  some,  when  they 
talk  about  working  hard  and  playing  hard, 
is  that  one  doesn't  have  an  intellectual 
conversation  outside  the  classroom,  or 
maybe  that  academic  work  is  drudgery  and 
play  is  escape.  I  don't  think  that  there 
needs  to  be  a  dichotomy  between  work 
and  play." 

Dickerson  told  the  student  Chronicle 
that  she  doesn't  want  to  be  seen  as  "the 
cruise  director"  of  Duke,  as  the  ultimate 
shaper  and  provider  of  outside-the-class- 
room  activity.  But  she  does  want  to  be 


considered  an  educator — on  the  theme, 
particularly,  of  personal  responsibility.  "I've 
been  in  student  affairs  administration  now 
for  more  than  twenty  years,  and  I  consider 
myself  more  liberal  than  many  deans.  And 
yet  as  a  result  of  my  experience,  I've  really 
been  made  to  think  about  the  conse- 
quences of  policies  that  we  set.  If  we  don't 
hold  students  accountable  for  their  deci- 
sions and  choices,  if  we're  going  to  pick 
them  up  when  they  fall  or  cover  for  them 
if  something  happens  to  them  on  or  off 
campus,  I'm  not  convinced  that  we  give 
students  a  really  good  education."  ■ 


1)The  Charm  And  Hosphauty 

Of  A  Southern  Cm;  We  Added  Landfall. 

An  Exceptional  Golf  Community 


Sailboats  and  yachts  glide  along  the  Intracoastal  Waterway.  Wrightsville  Beach  is 
visible  in  the  distance.  This  is  Landfall. 

There  are  two  exceptional  golf  courses,  one  by  Jack  Nicklaus  and  the  other  by  Pete 
Dye;  two  clubhouses  and  a  Cliff  Drysdale  Sports  Center.  Just  outside  the 
grounds  lies  historic  Wilmington  with  a  varied  cultural  life  including  active 
theatre  and  symphony  seasons,  and  museums. 

The  seafood  is  fabulous.  The  people  are  warm.  And  the  climate  is 
friendly,  with  four  distinct  but  moderate  seasons.  This  is  life  at  Landfall  — 
for  those  who  don't  want  to  get  away  from  it  all. 

Homesites  from  $65,000  to  $695,000.  Homes  from  $225,000 
to  $1,500,000.  Landfall  Associates,  1801  Eastwood  Rd., 
Wilmington,  NC  28405.  800-227-8208. 


§ 


Obtain  the  Property  Report  required  by  federal  law  and  read  it  before  signing  anything  No  federal  agency  has  judged  the  merit: 
value,  if  any,  of  this  property  This  advertisement  shall  not  be  deemed  an  offering  in  any  state  where  prohibited  by  law.  E 
NJREC.  This  project  is  registered  with  the  New  Jersey  Real  Estate  Commis 
of  the  merits  or  value  of  the  project  Obtain  and  rej 


t^T 


DUKE  PERSPECTIVES 


ABOARD 

THECAMBUGN 

CARAAN 


BY  JONATHAN  ROSENBLUM 

STUMPING  FOR  CONGRESS: 


BENITO  DOES  MARIN 


Nothing  could  stop  us  from  our  assigned  task.  We 
solicited  the  votes  of  young  lovers  in  convertibles 
stopped  at  stop  signs,  of  hairdressers  caught 
up  in  the  Dippity  Do  of  their  clients'  hair,  of 
meter  readers  also  working  the  precincts. 


In  our  latest  misadventure,  Dr.  Holly- 
wood Flynn  and  I,  J.R.,  found  our- 
selves trapped  precariously  at  a  4-H 
Club  auction  in  California  between  a 
barking  Marin  County  cowboy  and  a  ram- 
paging tramp  clown  on  stilts.  The  banner 
said,  "Support  the  Point  Reyes  4-H  Club." 
But  we  were  there  on  an  urgent  political 
mission,  the  congressional  primary  cam- 
paign of  our  old  road  partner-turned  envi- 
romaniac,  Benito.  Perhaps  we  could  win 
over  the  cowboy  and  clown  vote.  (Interest 
groups  in  northern  California  are  some- 
times difficult  to  discern,  so  you  go  at 
whatever  looks  organized.) 

Does  any  of  this  make  sense?  Okay, 
okay,  let  me  start  somewhere  closer  to  the 
beginning. 

Not  an  hour  before  the  cowboy  and  the 
carnival  clown  went  at  it,  the  Doctor  and  I 
(both  '81)  had  been  carrying  Benito's  ban- 
ner in  the  annual  Point  Reyes  parade. 
Benito,  a.k.a.  J.  Bennett  Johnston  III  '81, 
son  of  Senator  J.B.J.  II  (D-Louisiana),  had 


abandoned  what  Dr.  Hol- 
lywood liked  to  call  the 
"seriosity"  of  our  post- 
Duke  lives  and  was  at- 
tempting to  go  straight. 
But     Congress?     We 
were  there  on  a  diffi- 
cult mission  both  to 
keep    him    on    the 
broad  and  fractured 
path  in  life  and  to  help 
him  win. 

Actually,  I  carried  the  banner  and  led  a 
group  of  high-kicking  seven-year-old  girls 
in  a  chant:  "V-O-T-E,  vote,  vote,"  while 
Dr.  Hollywood  passed  out  our  free  cam- 
paign wildflower  seeds.  This  was  Benito's 
best  little  theme  of  the  campaign:  "The 
Seeds  of  Change."  Here,  verbatim  from 
the  seed  packet:  "Planting  Native  Califor- 
nia flowers  rejuvenates  our  natural  land- 
scape. Electing  new  leadership  to  Congress 
will  invigorate  our  national  debate... 
NOT  FOR  USE  ON  PUBLIC  LANDS." 


Working  the  crowd:  left  to  right,  J.  R.  (author  Rosenblum) ,  Benito  (the  Candidate  Johnston),  and  Dr.  Hollywood  (E.J.  Flynn) 


When  all  else  seemed  lost  in  this  cam- 
paign, the  seeds  always  got  a  smile. 

Anyway,  we  were  by  far  the  best  float  in 
the  parade.  But  it's  the  one-to-one,  the 
eye-to-eye  where  congressional  campaigns 
are  won.  This  is  why  the  clown  on  stilts 
had  struck  me  as  such  an  important  test:  If 
among  this  crowd  of  thousands  we  could 
win  his  vote,  perhaps  we  could  enlist  his 
leadership  and  levity.  Perhaps  others  at  a 
certain  angle  and  remove  in  life  would  also 
choose  Benito.  I  discussed  this  with  Dr. 
Hollywood  and  he  looked  at  me  like  I  was 
out  of  my  mind:  "J.R.,  the  Marin  cowboy 
vote  is  clearly  the  more  serious  draw,"  he 
argued.  (Dr.  Hollywood  has  liked  this  word 
"serious"  and  its  various  mutations  ever 
since  our  Duke  days.)  Just  when  we  began 
to  argue  our  theories,  though,  the  bidding 
got  especially  serious.  The  item  was  a 
Grateful  Dead  dancing  skeleton  poster, 
donated  by  the  band's  rhythm  guitarist 
Bob  Weir  (a  Marin  County  resident)  and 
signed  by  all  the  Dead. 

Children  carrying  helium  balloons  walked 
by  the  clown  and  looked  up  eagerly  at  his 
bright  red  nose,  but  he  scarcely  acknowl- 
edged them.  Instead,  he  rose  on  his  high 
stilts,  shifted  about  like  an  alarmed  giraffe, 
and  waved  his  fingers  on  the  bids.  Quite  a 


bit  shorter,  face  hidden  under  a  wide  brim, 
the  cowboy  also  bid  vigorously:  $50-$  100- 

$150 Then  the  clown  moved  for  $165 

and  the  cowboy  gave  up.  "Dead  drawing 
sold  to  the  man  with  the  red  nose  on  stilts 
for  $165,"  the  auctioneer  crowed.  After 
the  bidding  war,  I  approached  the  now- 
jovial  clown  to  congratulate  him  and  solic- 
it his  vote.  "Sorry,  don't  live  in  the  dis- 
trict," he  said  as  he  signed  his  check  over 
to  the  4-H  secretary.  So  much  for  the 
clown  on  stilts  route  to  victory. 


But  perhaps  I  haven't  said  enough  about 
the  Candidate.  Could  that  be  him,  the 
man  we  once  knew  as  the  latter  day 
prankster,  Somethyme  restaurant  chef, 
Ultimate  Frisbee  phenom,  and  part-time 


beat  poet?  Although  his  father  was  then 
and  is  now  a  U.S.  senator,  no  one  during 
the  Duke  years  would  have  accused  Ben- 
nett of  having  designs  on  public  office. 
Back  then  we  called  him  Benito,  and  he 
was  a  catalyst,  not  a  politician.  "Put 
Tabasco  on  it,"  he  would  say  when  asked 
for  solutions  to  problems.  He  opted  for 
faith  in  relationships  over  political  power. 
When  graduation  came  and  the  deans  kept 
warning  us  about  the  prohibition  on 
champagne  at  the  ceremonies,  Benito  kept 
a  bottle  under  his  robe  and  was  the  first 
among  the  mischief-makers  to  pop  the 
cork.  (All  this  as  speaker  and  novelist 
William  Styron  '47  spoke  about  his  nearly 
flunking  out  of  the  joint.) 

Anyway,  times  change.  Brows  furrow. 
Benito  joined  Dr.  Hollywood  (before  he 
went  "Doctor"  or  "Hollywood")  in  an 
environmental  job  in  San  Francisco.  At 
that  time  James  Watt  was  promoting  the 
Reagan  Administration  theory  that  trees 
pollute.  Benito  battled  Watt  by  keeping 
precious  lands  from  going  into  private 
development.  I  was  then  a  mountain  jour- 
nalist, covering  the  county  beat  (and 
beets)  in  Haywood  County,  North  Caroli- 
na. I  watched  Benito  with  some  envy.  He 
actually  got  to  take  a  stand  on  something. 


And  now,  years  later,  he  was  running 
for  U.S.  Representative  Barbara  Boxer's 
former  seat  in  Congress.  The  prankster 
does  Marin.  I  flew  in  from  Chicago.  Dr. 
Hollywood  came  in  from  Hollywood. 
(Okay,  here's  the  story:  Dr.  Hollywood  is 
not  a  doctor  really,  but  a  juris  doctor.  And 
he's  not  a  "Hollywood  lawyer,"  though 
he's  a  lawyer  living  in  Hollywood.  He 
represents  Salvadoran  refugees  in  South 
Hollywood,  one  of  Los  Angeles'  rougher 
neighborhoods.  I  will  reveal  here,  and 
once  only,  that  his  name  before  the  courts 


once  represented  Waste  Management,  this 
country's  largest  toxic  polluter. 

Bennett  matched  the  Marin  and  Sono- 
ma County  Democratic  profile  reasonably 
well:  mostly  upscale,  environmentalist, 
lots  of  trail  bikers,  some  computer  hackers, 
quartz  wearers.  A  lot  of  retirees,  the  entire 
Grateful  Dead  band,  and  one  very  wealthy 
Star  Wars  creator,  George  Lucas.  The  win- 
ner would  need  20,000  of  a  likely  100,000 
votes  cast.  The  favored  candidates  one 
week  before  the  vote:  a  toss-up  between 
the    vice    mayor    of    Sebastopol,    Lynn 


is  E.J.)  Chip-head  Heyward  Robinson, 
another  '81  ex-Ultimate  disk  thrower,  who 
says  he's  doing  his  Stanford  Ph.D.  thesis 
on  silicon  chip  "A-dopants,"  rolled  in  from 
Palo  Alto.  Steve  Chin  ('81,  naturally)  took 
some  time  off  from  the  San  Francisco 
Examiner,  where  he  writes  the  Asia  beat. 
John  Weiss,  a  lefty  political  gadfly  who 
used  to  hang  out  at  the  Institute  for  South- 
ern Studies  in  Durham,  came  in  before 
taking  off  to  study  God-knows-what  in 
Finland. 

Here  we  go  again,  eleven  years  after  our 
fall  from  undergraduate  grace.  Four  already 
after  Reagan.  Enough  time  even  for  me  to 
have  left  the  Haywood  County  beat  and 
become  a  Chicago  lawyer.  But  what  the 
hell  were  we  doing  about  America?  (The 
L.A.  riots  had  hit  just  the  month  before.) 
Maybe  that's  why  Bennett  had  brought  us 
together.  All  come  to  look  for  America. 

Well,  maybe  not  Los  Angeles,  America, 
but  some  kind  of  America.  The  winner  of 
this  congressional  seat  would  not  only  rep- 
resent the  people,  but  also  the  historic 
Point  Reyes  Lighthouse  (Sir  Francis  Drake 
once  ran  aground  there  without  it),  this 
country's  choicest  vineyards,  and  even  half 
of  the  Golden  Gate  Bridge.  But  Bennett 
faced  a  huge  field  of  fellow  Democrats:  two 
women,  ready  to  sail  on  the  sudden  gender 
momentum  in  American  politics,  and  five 
other  men.  Everyone  liberal,  all  calling 
themselves  enviros,  even  the  lawyer  who 


10 


California  dreaming: 
the  Candidate  takes 
his  roving  c 
to  the  streets 


Woolsey,  the  only 
woman  in  the  race 
with  any  political  ex- 
perience, and  Denis 
Rice,  a  lawyer  perhaps 
best  known  for  having 
nearly  drowned  while 
trying  to  swim  across 
San  Francisco  Bay. 

So  here  was  our 
Candidate,  no  longer 
Benito.  His  hair  was  shorter  and  combed 
back,  with  even  a  few  distinguished  grays 
at  the  temples.  His  shirts  were  distinctive- 
ly prep.  His  earthy-green  campaign  pam- 
phlets introduced  the  post-Duke  Bennett: 
"A  Mill  Valley  Democrat,  Bennett  has  de- 
voted his  entire  career  to  serving  the  pub- 
lic interest."  Then  came  "Bennett  John- 
ston on  the  Issues":  protecting  the 
environment,  restoring  excellence  in  pub- 
lic education,  improving  health  care, 
defending  a  woman's  right  to  choose,  stop- 
ping wasteful  miltary  spending — and  not 
to  forget,  planting  the  seeds  of  change. 

The  Candidate's  press  people  acknowl- 
edged that  we  had  a  problem  to  overcome. 


Bennett  was  being  attacked  from  all  sides 
by  other  candidates  who  said  it  was  unfair 
that  his  father,  the  Senator,  helped  him 
raise  money — nearly  half  a  million  in  all. 
We  needed  to  get  across  that  Bennett  was 
the  least  "political"  of  all  the  candidates. 
He  was  an  activist,  the  first  full-time  envi- 
ronmentalist to  be,  hope  of  hopes,  elected 
to  Congress.  (In  fact,  Bennett  had  the 
endorsements  of  this  country's  top  conser- 
vation leaders,  including  David  Brower, 
the  former  Sierra  Club  director,  and  Denis 
Hayes,  the  founder  of  Earth  Day.)  Our 
mission  was  to  get  this  message  of  activism 
across  voter  by  voter  in  a  late-campaign 
carpet  bombing  by  land  and  mail. 

The  Candidate  asked  us  by  day  to  join 
"the  Caravan" — a  whistlestop  tour  of 
the  counties  in  a  Johnston  for  Con- 
gress van — and  then  hit  the  phones  by 
night.  We  rolled  through  towns  with  unfa- 
miliar names  like  Sebastopol,  Petaluma, 
Novato,  Tiburon,  and  Guerneville.  And  a 
few  familiar  ones,  like  Sausalito,  Santa 
Rosa,  Sonoma,  and  Mill  Valley.  "Nothing 
L.A.  in  these  towns," 
noted  Dr.  Hollywood, 
whose  Toyota  had 
been  dented  back 
home  by  a  sniper  bul- 
let a  few  days  earlier. 
The  urgency  here  was 
mostly  ethereal,  as 
the  bulletin  boards  in 
.  5  Novato  documented: 
"Exploring  Masculine 
flWA^^  Ground:  a  Mythopo- 
Hjj/"'  etic  Perspective"; 
"Governor  Jerry 
Brown,  Live!";  "Bha- 
gavan  Das  speaking 
on  the  'Full  Moon 
Ceremony.'  " 

In  Mill  Valley, 
most  everyone  down- 
town wore  a  quartz 
necklace  and  talked 
about  "journaling." 
(That  stop  brought 
back  an  old  childhood  memory.  In  1970,  a 
third  grade  class  there  had  recorded  a 
Number  One  hit  song  called  "Mill  Valley, 
California"  with  those  sweet  children's 
voices  declaring,  "Mill  Valley,  California, 
a  little  place  where  life  feels  very  fine  and 
free.")  In  other  words,  this  was  not  a  cam- 
paign centered  on  urban  or  rural  upheaval. 
Still,  plotted  creatively,  a  campaign  trail 
ought  to  provide  some  insight  into  Ameri- 
ca. You  start  with  a  rough  map,  say,  the 
current  issue  of  Time  magazine  someone  dis- 
carded at  campaign  headquarters.  There's 
Ross  Perot  on  the  cover,  leading  the  na- 
tional polls  because  no  one  wants  a  politi- 
cian  anymore.   There's   a   column   about 


"How  to  Get  America  Off  the  Dole"  and 
one  called  "The  Stealth  Secretary"  about 
Interior  Secretary  Manuel  Lujan's  quiet 
trashing  of  the  environment.  Another  arti- 
cle says  that  many  Rembrandts  are  fakes. 
Figures.  Then,  after  a  pep  talk  from 
precinct  coordinators,  you  get  out  of  the 
magazine,  out  of  headquarters,  and  onto 
the  pavement.  You  meet  the  school  teach- 
er, Lisa,  crossing  the  street  in  Petaluma  to 
hear  that  she  wants  more  day-care  funding 
for  single  parents;  the  San  Rafael  homeless 
village  leader  who  says  the  local  outpatient 
clinic  just  lost  its  funding;  the  Scandina- 
vian Design  store  manager  who  says  she 
can't  vote  because  she  really  is  Scandina- 
vian; the  mall  manager  who  says  you  can't 
solicit  votes  because  the  First  Amendment 
doesn't  apply  to  his  mall.  Above  all,  most 
appreciate  Bennett's  environmental  poli- 
tics and  they  like  the  free  wildflower  seeds. 
All  except  a  Mill  Valley  flower  store 
owner:  "You'll  have  to  excuse  me;  I'm 
preparing  for  death,"  he  told  us.  (Why,  I 
still  wonder,  didn't  he  just  say  "Seeds? 
Why  do  I  need  seeds?  I  own  a  flower  store.") 

In  the  campaign  caravan,  we  drove  past 
a  Macy's  about  to  go  bankrupt,  a  bar  in 
Sonoma  with  a  sign,  "Don't  Re-Elect  Any- 
one." We  solicited  the  ferry-boat  com- 
muter vote  in  Larkspur;  the  labor  vote  in 
Santa  Rosa  (Senator  Tom  Harkin  visited 
this  fried  chicken  picnic  and  offered  these 
lines  on  Ross  Perot:  "He  says  he's  not  a 
Republican.  Well,  I  see  not  just  an  ele- 
phant, I  see  a  white  elephant,  a  man  who's 
whitewashed  his  whole  past.");  we  sought 
the  senior  citizens  vote  in  Petaluma;  we 
rallied  an  upscale,  labyrinthine  housing 
development  in  another  town  (only  to  dis- 
cover that  no  one  had  moved  there  yet 
and  we  were  stranded  in  the  labyrinth. 
Now  ain't  that  just  politics  for  ya?).  We 
stopped  to  talk  with  a  group  of  voting-age 
remedial  high  school  students,  one  of 
whom  said  he  planned  to  vote  "to  do 
whatever  I  can  to  wreck  this  system."  But 
nothing  could  stop  us  from  our  assigned 
task:  We  solicited  the  votes  of  young 
lovers  in  convertibles  stopped  at  stop 
signs,  of  hairdressers  caught  up  in  the  Dip- 
pity  Do  of  their  clients'  hair,  of  meter- 
readers  also  working  the  precincts. 

One  night,  we  rolled  the  caravan  down 
to  a  forum  sponsored  by  the  Democratic 
Voters  of  Santa  Rosa  and  attended  by  all 
the  contenders.  One  of  the  leading  candi- 
dates^— in  fact,  the  one  who  eventually  won, 
Lynn  Woolsey — was  asked  how  she  would 
bring  home  a  peace  dividend.  "I  would 
begin  by  cutting  the  miltary  budget  by 
$300  billion,"  she  said  authoritatively. 
Denis  Rice,  the  candidate  who  nearly 
drowned  swimming  under  the  Golden  Gate, 
got  up  and  responded:  "Lynn  that  is  the 
entire    military   budget."   She    responded, 


Maybe  that's  why  we 

were  brought  together. 

All  come  to  look  for 

America.  Well,  maybe 

not  Los  Angeles, 

America,  but  some 

kind  of  America. 


"Well,  um,  you  know  what  I  meant,  Denis." 
On  a  question  about  paying  off  the  federal 
debt,  one  of  the  candidates  tried  this  on  the 
local  crowd:  "If  the  Japanese  or  Germans 
suddenly  decide  they  want  their  money 
paid  off  in  something  other  than  dollars, 
we'll  end  up  like  Brazil."  (Massive  head- 
scratching,  followed  by  throat-clearings.) 

Bennett  outshone  the  other  seven  at 
this  forum  and,  I'm  not  exaggerating, 
throughout  that  week,  issue  by  issue.  But  it 
was  a  bad  time  in  American  politics  to  be 
tied  to  big-time  Washington  fund-raisers. 
As  the  campaign  managers  put  it:  "He's 
got  strong  negatives — and  strong  positives. 
Let's  hope  the  positives  are  the  ones  vot- 
ing." (This  suggested  a  new  campaign 
strategy:  "Ionize!  Ionize!  Ionize!")  Bennett's 
brother  Hunter,  a  Washington  lawyer,  was 
also  concerned:  "The  opposition  began  to 
define  him.  He  probably  needed  to  get  his 
message  out  earlier." 

Still,  even  on  election  day,  June  2,  there 
was  some  hope.  No  one  had  done  any  reli- 
able polling.  What  the  day's  voters  said  on 
the  phone  banks  might  still  carry  over  to 
the  mass  of  Democrats:  "Bennett?  Why 


he's  a  bright  light  in  a  deep,  dark  sea,"  said 
one  woman  on  our  list  of  undecided  voters. 

Above  all,  you  try  to  maintain  your 
optimism  until  that  moment  when  the 
Candidate  comes  down  from  his  hotel 
suite  for  the  victory  party  looking  like  a 
year  of  campaigning  has  drained  him  of  all 
but  these  last  words:  "Wow.  I  guess  it  real- 
ly is  a  woman's  turn.  Dianne  Feinstein, 
Barbara  Boxer,  and — yes — right  here,  Lynn 
Woolsey.  I  just  want  to  say,  I'm  ready  to 
throw  my  complete  support  behind  Lynn. 
And  I  can't  say  enough  about  the  work  you 
all  did.  We  ran  a  great  campaign,  brought 
out  all  the  issues  we  cared  about,  never 
descended  to  personal  attacks.  We  talked 
about  the  environment,  about  health  care, 
women's  rights.  I'm  proud  of  this  campaign 
and  I  hope  all  of  you  are,  too.  I  can't  thank 
you  enough."  The  networks  had  him  com- 
ing in  a  distant  third. 

A  little  tipsy,  one  campaign  worker 
yelled  out,  "Remember  Abraham  Lin- 
coln!" After  a  few  perplexed  looks,  the 
Candidate  responded,  "Yeah,  how  many 
times  did  he  lose?  Five?"  "No,  eight  times," 
the  man  replied.  "Well,  let's  hope  we  don't 
repeat  that,"  Bennett  said,  before  heading 
on  his  way  to  say  his  farewells  and  shake 
his  supporters'  hands. 

We  all  had  to  rush  out  to  San  Francisco 
to  catch  early  flights  the  next  morning. 
The  campaign  dissolved  quickly,  as  if  it 
had  never  been.  Dr.  Hollywood  headed 
back  to  L.A.  to  put  in  a  court  appearance 
for  a  pregnant  woman  arrested  without 
immigration  papers  during  the  rioting  (The 
New  York  Times  had  a  story  quoting  the 
Doctor  that  very  week).  Steve  Chin  hur- 
ried back  to  his  Asia  beat  at  the  Examiner. 
Heyward,  the  chip-head,  drove  back  to  his 
Palo  Alto  laboratory,  but  not  before  hand- 
ing me  his  latest  paper  on  "Modeling 
Uphill  Diffusion  of  Mg  Implants  in  GaAs 
using  SUPREM  IV";  Weiss  headed  to  Fin- 
land; I  went  back  to  Chicago  to  finish 
writing  a  book  about  the  decline  of  orga- 
nized labor. 

Did  our  time  there  mean  anything?  Had 
we  done  anyone  any  good?  Were  we  all 
just  a  bunch  of  clowns  at  an  auction? 
That's  when  I  thought  of  the  inner  cam- 
paign; the  ongoing  ideals  and  projects,  not 
just  of  the  Candidate  but  of  the  Caravan. 
What's  more,  50,000  Seeds  of  Change 
packets  would  soon  be  blooming  about 
Marin  and  Sonoma  counties. 

As  for  Benito,  he  was  back  on  the  wide 
and  fractured  path  for  a  while.  "Going 
camping,"  he  said.  B 


Rosenblum  '81 ,  a  former  aide  to  Arizona  Governor 
Bruce  Babbitt,  is  a  Chicago  lawyer  who  has  never 
run  for  office . 


DUKE  DESEGREGATES: 


•   •   • 


mmE  FIRST  FIVE 


•    • 


BY  BRIDGET  BOOHER 


IN  THE  FALL  OF  1963,  FIVE  UNDERGRADUATES  ARRIVED  ON 
CAMPUS  FOR  THEIR  FRESHMAN  YEAR.  LIKE  THEIR 
CLASSMATES,  THIS  GROUP  EXPERIENCED  THE  USUAL  NER- 
VOUS EXCITEMENT  ASSOCIATED  WITH  STARTING  COLLEGE. 
BUT  THEY  HAD  AN  ADDED  ELEMENT  OF  APPREHENSION. 
ALTHOUGH  ALL  FIVE  WERE  FROM  THE  SOUTH,  INCLUDING 
TWO  FROM  DURHAM,  THEY  ENTERED  A  FOREIGN  ENVIRON- 
MENT. THEY  WERE  THE  FIRST  BLACK  UNDERGRADUATES  TO 
ENROLL  AT  DUKE,  AND, 
BY  THE  TIME 
COMMENCEMENT  TOOK 
PLACE  FOUR  YEARS 
LATER,  ONE  HAD  GOT- 
TEN MARRIED,  MOST 
HAD  CHANGED  THEIR 
UNDERGRADUATE 
MAJORS,  AND  TWO  HAD 
DROPPED  OUT 
iR. 


•      •       •       •       •        ,~ 


And  then  there  were  three:  by  their  1967  graduation, 

Wilhemina  Reuben-Cooke,  Nathaniel  White,  and 

Mary  Mitchell  Harris  had  made  history 


•        • 


•V 


•     • 


m 


WlLHELMINA  REUBEN-COOKE 


rom  childhood,  Wilhehnina 
Reuben-Cooke  recognized  the 
power  and  importance  of  edu- 
cation. The  eldest  of  six  children, 
Reuben-Cooke  learned  about 
social  issues  and  the  application  of 
ideas  from  her  parents'  after-work 
conversations.  Her  father,  Odell 
Reuben  Ph.D.  '70,  was  president  of 
Morris  College  in  Sumter,  South 
Carolina,  and  her  mother  was  on 
the  faculty  there. 

As  it  turned  out,  she  and  her 
father  were  both  on  campus  at  the 
same  time,  earning  their  respective 
undergraduate  and  graduate  degrees. 
At  the  suggestion  of  her  father's 
graduate  school  adviser,  Professor 
Emeritus  of  Christian  Ethics  Waldo 
Beach,  Reuben-Cooke  applied. 
Until  then,  she'd  planned  to  enroll 
at  either  her  mother's  alma  mater, 
Fisk,  or  at  Oberlin,  where  her  father 
earned  his  master's.  But  a  visit  to 
Durham  changed  all  that;  she  fell 
in  love  with  the  Duke  Gardens  and 
campus. 

As  a  first-year  student,  the  highly- 
motivated  South  Carolina  native 
immersed  herself  in  the  social  and 


ON  THE  TWENTY-FIFTH  ANNIVERSARY  OF 
THEIR  GRADUATION  YEAR,  ALL  FIVE  REFLECT 

ON  WHAT  IT  WAS  LIKE  TO 
MAKE  HISTORY,  AND  HOW 
THE  EXPERIENCE  CONTINUES 
TO  SHAPE  THEIR  LIVES. 


teshe 
i-Cooke 
1  Kappa, 


academic  whirl.  By  the  time 
graduated  in  1967,  Reuben-Cooke 
had  been  selected  Phi  Beta  Kappa, 
held  leadership  positions  with  the 
YWCA  and  the  university's  religious 
council,  and  was  listed  in  "Who's 
Who  Among  Students  in  American 
Universities  and  Colleges."  To 
crown  her  achieve- 
ments, the  political  sci- 
ence major  was  elected 
May  Queen  by  a  major- 
ity of  her  Woman's  Col- 
lege peers.  (There  was 
no  slate  of  candidates; 
each  student  nominated 
whomever  she  wanted 
and  Reuben-Cooke  won 
with  the  most  write-in 
votes.)  She  also  signed  in 
1967  the  open  letter 
protesting  the  member- 
ship of  key  administra- 
tors and  faculty  at  the  then  all-white 
Hope  Valley  Country  Club. 

After  graduation,  Reuben-Cooke 
began  work  on  a  doctorate  in  Amer- 
ican studies  at  Harvard,  but  took 
time  off  to  get  married.  She 
switched  her  sights  to  law  school. 
She  taught  and  then 
jSJBJffW   practiced  communica- 
T^Itt      tions  law  in  Washing- 
^mmm^  ton,  D.C.,  until  1986. 
Now  a  law  professor 
and  associate  dean  at 
Syracuse  University, 
Reuben-Cooke  has 
maintained  her  ties  to 
Duke:  She  was 
appointed  to  a  five- 
year  term  on  the 
board  of  trustees  in 
1989. 


H   was   thi 


MM  When  I  decided  to  come  to  Duke,  I 
~  knew  it  wouldn't  be  an  easy  task. 
The  majority  of  the  students  were 
from  the  South,  and  most  of  them  had 
never  dealt  with  African-Americans  as 
peers.  1  assumed  my  social  life  wouldn't  he 
great,  and  I  knew  my  expectations  about 
college  would  be  tempered  by  reality.  But  I 


had  a  sense  of  per- 
sonal commitment;  it 
the  Sixties  and 
the   quest 
for  change 
and   civil 
rights  was 
gaining 
momen- 
tum.     It 
seemed  to 
all    of    us 
that  we  had 
a    role    to 
play. 
What  I  discovered 
was  that  I  never  had 
any  regrets   [about 
choosing     Duke].     I 
was    socially    active 
and    had    a    lot    of 
friends.  And  an  im- 
portant part  of  that 
experience  was  being 
forced  to  meet  peo- 
ple and  develop  rela- 
tionships that  I  prob- 
ably   wouldn't    have 
made  in  another  con- 
text. That  created  in 
me  a  sense  of  opti- 
mism about  the  ways 
people  can  grow  and 
^M^M^M^MMl  change. 

I  still  ask  myself 
how  I  managed  to  do  everything  I  did.  I 
guess  it  goes  back  to  the  way  I  grew  up.  My 
parents  believed  that  you  should  be 
involved  in  your  community.  So  that 
would  have  been  my  way  of  life  no  matter 
where  I  went  to  school.  You  have  a 
responsibility  to  create  the  environment 
you  desire;  you  can't  criticize  what  you 
don't  participate  in.  Duke  made  it  a  com- 
fortable possibility  for  me.  And  it  was  fun! 
I'm  making  it  sound  so  deadly  serious,  but 
it  was  always  fun.... 

One  of  the  things  that  concerned  me 
about  Duke  at  the  time  was  that  I  won- 
dered how  political  we  really  were.  I  was  at 
Harvard  when  I  heard  that  students  had 
taken  over  the  Allen  Building  [in  1969]. 


To  embrace  issues  and  feel  strongly  about 
them  was  a  good  thing  for  Duke.  And  it 
was  part  of  a  general  awakening  across  the 
nation.  Those  were  tumultuous  times.  For 
a  school  not  to  have  had  demonstrations 
and  marches  would  have  said  something 
negative  about  the  intellectual  commit- 
ment of  the  institution. 

In  terms  of  numbers  and  comfort  levels, 
that  continues  to  be  a  question.  Not  only 
did  I  not  have  any  African-American  pro- 
fessors, but  I  only  had  one  class  in  which 
there  was  another  black  student.  And  that 
does  make  a  difference  in  your  learning. 
The  basic  dynamic  of  a  white  institution  is 
that  the  comfort  or  'safety'  level  is  far  dif- 
ferent for  students  of  color  than  it  is  for 
the  majority.  That's  the  beginning  point 
and  it  colors  everything. 

As  a  trustee,  I  have  been  impressed  with 
the  concern  for  diversity.  We  should  be 
looking  not  only  at  increasing  numbers  of 
African-American  students,  but  also  at 
how  we  educate  overall.  We  should  be 
moving  toward  a  society  where  all  kinds  of 
people  work  together.  The  demographics 
of  the  twenty-first  century  will  be  far  dif- 
ferent than  today's.  And  part  of  our 
responsibility  is  to  educate  students  on 
how  to  live  and  work  with  other  people. 
These  are  the  challenges  we  face." 


Cassandra  Smith  Rush 

hile  attending  St.  Anne's 
Academy,  an  all-girls 
Catholic  high  school  in 
Winston-Salem,  Cassandra  Smith 
Rush  decided  her  life's  goal  was  to 
be  a  doctor.  Because  of  Duke's  rep- 
utation for  its  outstanding  under- 
graduate and  medical  schools,  she 
applied  for  admission  during  her 
junior  year.  At  that  point,  the  uni- 
versity was  still  segregated  and  her 
application  was  denied. 

Months  later,  she  read  that  the 
university's  board  of  trustees  had 
voted  to  admit  black  undergradu- 
ate students,  so  she  reapplied — and 
was  offered  a  scholarship  to  attend. 
Her  family  was  "absolutely 
thrilled,"  she  says,  especially  her 
father.  (His  boss'  daughter  had 


applied  and  been  turned  down.) 

As  a  first-year  student,  Rush  was 
a  zoology  major,  but,  after  a  partic- 
ularly rigorous  com- 
parative anatomy 
course,  she  switched  to 
French.  Other  changes 
were  taking  place  as 
well.  Rush  became 
caught  up  in  the  politi- 
cal and  social  currents 
of  the  time,  specifically 
in  the  Congress  of 
Racial  Equality 
(CORE),  a  national 
organization  that  estab- 
lished a  Duke  chapter 
in  1963. 

Unsure  of  her  career  goals,  Rush 
left  the  university  after  the  first 

semester  of  her  junior 
year.  She  now  works  as 
a  staff  specialist  at 
Southern  New  England 
Telephone  in  New 
Haven,  Connecticut, 
where  she  lives  with 
her  two  sons. 


ft 


United 
meeting. 


MM^m  proud  to  say  I  went  to  Duke, 
and  sometimes  I  wish  I'd  stuck  it 
out.  But  at  the  time,  I  wasn't  happy 
and  I  didn't  know  what  I  wanted  to  do.  I 
was  tired  of  the  fights  with  townspeople, 
who  could  be  absolutely  hostile,  very  bru- 
tal. And  even  some  of  the  students  would 
cross  the  quad  rather  than  speak  to  me.  Or 
they  would  look  the  other  way  when  they 
walked  past. 

I  grew  up  in  a  very  sheltered  environ- 
ment and  it  really  hurt.  I  hadn't  ever  been 
treated  like  that.  For  a  long  time  I  put  it 
out  of  my  mind  because  it  was  so  unpleas- 
ant, especially  the  off-campus  encounters. 

I  was  arrested  in  Chapel  Hill  in  early 
1964.  Martin  Luther  King  Jr.  had  spoken 
[at  Duke],  and  our  CORE  group  walked 
from  Durham  to  Chapel  Hill  to  hold  a  sit- 
in  protest  in  front  of  a  [segregated]  restau- 
rant there.  We  were  thrown  in  jail  for  tres- 
passing and  resisting  arrest.  But  it  was  fine, 
because  we  were  all  together.... 

For  my  sons,  it  is  so,  so  different.  They 


were  born  and  raised 
in  integrated  neigh- 
borhoods    and 
schools.  They  grew 
up    in    an    environ- 
m    e    n    t 
where    we 
didn't 
label  peo- 
ple black, 
white, 
Chinese, 
whatever. 
Our  house 
always 
looked 
like       a 
Nations 
My     sons 
would  describe  their 
new    friends    to    me 
and  tell  me  how  old 
they     were,      where 
their  parents  lived — 
everything  you  could 
think  of — but  until  I 
met   them,    I   would 
have   no    idea   what 
race  they  were. 

I  taught  them  to  look  at  other 
people    as   human   beings.    And 
maybe  I've  done  them  an  injus- 
tice because  we  live  in  a  racist 
society.   But  as  little  kids,   they 
were  never  aware  of  racism.  And 
it  shouldn't  be  an  issue  children 
have  to  deal  with.  Consequently, 
they  fit  right  in  and  feel  they're 
entitled   to   the   same   rights   as 
anyone    else.    When    they    see 
instances  of  [racism]  they  ask  me, 
'Why?  Why  do  people  raise  their  children 
that  way?'  And  I  tell  them  that  it's  a  form 
of  child  abuse  when  parents  raise  their 
children     to     be 
racist.... 

After  I  left  Duke, 
I  worked  in  Wash- 
ington, D.C.,  for 
the  government 
and  then  the  Navy. 
I  went  as  far  as  I 
could  go  without  a 
college  degree;  not 
having  that  piece  of 
paper  kept  me  from 
going  ahead  to  the 
next  level.  So 
started  thinking    ._,! 

about  returning  to  I 
school,  but  it  I 
wasn't  until  I  was  at 
home  with  my  first 
child  that  I  really 
felt  I  was  vegetat- 
ing. I  felt  that  my 


brain  was  turning  to  mush!  I'd  go  shopping 
just  to  encounter  other  adults. 

When  I  went  back  to  work  part-time  at 
the  Federal  Reserve,  I  applied  for  and  won 
an  employee  scholarship  which  paid  for 
my  college  tuition.  So  when  I  got  my 
degree  [a  bachelor's  in  economics  from 
Philadelphia's  Chestnut  Hill  College],  it 
really  meant  a  lot  to  me  because  I  was  so 
ready.  I  graduated  on  Mother's  Day  in 
1979.  Because  of  my  experience,  my  sons 
understand  why  I'm  so  determined  for 
them  to  stay  in  school." 

MM^n  August  of  1963,  I  was  in  the 

™  March  on  Washington.  An  uncle 

from  New  York  was  there,  as  was 

another  one  who  lived  in  Washington. ..we 


Nathaniel  White,  Jr. 


is  family  lived 
only  three  miles 
from  campus, 
but  Nathaniel  White 
Jr.  remembers  little 
about  the  university 
from  his  childhood  in 
Durham.  Segregation 
that  he  and  his 
classmates 
at  Hillside 
High 
School 
only  inter- 
acted with 
white  stu- 


dents during  weekly 
science  seminars  at 
Durham  High.  White 
recalls  that  the 
prospect  of  going  from 
a  completely  black 
academic 
environment  to  a 
nearly  all-white  one 
was  "an  appealing 
challenge";  once 
there,  White  discov- 
ered it  was  "like  going 
to  a  whole  new  city." 


all  met  there.  It  was  probably 
the  last  family  reunion  we  had. 

t\       I   Within  a  week  of  that,  I  was 
■   starting  my  classes  at  Duke. 

There  seemed  to  be  a  lot  of 
advance  preparation  for  our  arrival.  My 
roommate  had  been  pre-picked;  he  was  a 
sophomore.  I  got  the  impression  that  the 
faculty,  undergradu- 
ates, and  graduate 
students  were  ready 
5  [for  desegregation] 
and  that  it  was  the 
board  of  trustees  that 
delayed  it  from  hap- 
pening as  long  as  it 
did. 

We  were  a  novelty 
effect  because  we 
were  new;  you  know, 
'What  are  they  real- 
ly like?'  My  bottom- 
line  approach  became, 
as  a  function  of  that, 
that  I  had  high  ex- 
pectations for  my 
friends  [regardless  of 
a!  color],  so  the  people 
|  who  I  had  problems 
with,  who  didn't  live 


up  to  my  expectations,  I  wasn't  interested 
in  being  around.  As  a  result,  the  number  of 
people  I  associated  with  was  much  smaller 
than  if  I'd  attended  my  father's  alma 
mater,  Hampton  Institute,  where  I'd  been 
planning  to  go  before  I  got  accepted  to 
Duke. 

You  have  to  remember  that  not  only  was 
Duke  all  white  when  I  was  there, 
but  it  was  also  very  Southern.  I 
remember  having  a  discussion 
with  an  athletics  administrator 
about  how  we  ought  to  be  re- 
cruiting black  athletes,  and  he 
gave  me  a  lecture  about  how 
Duke  had  high  academic  stan- 
dards. I  told  him  I  didn't  think 
I'd  gotten  in  without  meeting 
those  academic  standards.. . . 

The  basketball  team  was  as 
hot  then  as  it  is  now,  and  my  roommate 
and  I  were  both  big  fans.  But  back  then 
they  would  play  'Dixie,'  which  was  practi- 
cally like  the  national  anthem  because 
everyone  would  stand  up.  We  would  orga- 
nize sit-downs.  We  eventually  had  a  whole 
section  that  wouldn't  stand  when  it  was 
played.  They  finally  stopped  playing  it. 
They  were  beginning  to  learn. 

It's  interesting  to  look  at  what  we  were 
working  toward  back  then  and  whether 
we've  gotten  there.  I  would  say  we 
haven't.  I  think  the  gap  between  the  haves 
and  the  have-nots  is  widening;  look  at  the 
L.A.  riots,  for  example.  Now,  it's  not  so 
much  a  matter  of  whether  a  restaurant  will 
serve  you,  it's  how  you're  going  to  pay  for 
your  meal  once  you're  there. 

One  thing  that's  happening  at  Duke 
which  I  think  is  positive  is  the  move 
toward  a  multicultural  environment.  That 
is  a  critical  step,  because  the  world  is  mul- 
ticultural, and  if  you're  turning  out  stu- 
dents who  aren't  exposed  to  that,  or 
equipped  to  live  in  it,  they're  at  a  real  dis- 
advantage. 

The  resistance  to  changes  in  the  cur- 
riculum is  part  of  that.  You  have  people 
who  say  they  don't  want  to  'dilute'  the  cur- 
riculum, but  the  idea  that  you  can  write 
about  history  and  completely  ignore  the 
contributions  of  minority  [populations], 
and  pretend  that  certain  things  never  hap- 
pened, is  wrong.  As  I  got  older  and  learned 
about  all  the  contributions  of  minorities,  it 
made  me  really  mad  that  I'd  never  heard 
about  these  people  in  my  classes. . . . 

In  my  current  job,  I'm  director  of  the 
Public  Health  Sciences  Institute  at  More- 
house College.  Our  primary  emphasis  is  to 
encourage  undergraduates  to  pursue  careers 
in  epidemiology  and  statistics.  Our  four- 
teen-week summer  program  matches  ju- 
niors and  seniors  from  historically  black 
colleges  with  researchers  at  the  Centers  for 
Disease  Control.  We  also  want  to  start  a  club 


for  students  interested  in  public  healtb.  It 
would  be  like  a  pre-med  group;  there 
would  be  internships  for  students  who  had 
been  research  assistants  and  who  wanted 
to  focus  on  public  health  problems." 


Gene  Kendall 


him  unprepared  for 
the  university's  math 
and  science  require- 
ments. A  low  grade  on 
the  semester's  first 
physics  exam  left  him 
scrambling  to  catch 
up,  and  by  sophomore 
year,  Kendall  knew  he 
would  lose  his  scholar- 
ship. Financial  consid- 
erations forced  him  to 
drop  out. 

Now  a  captain  in  the 
Navy,  where  he  is 
director  of  the  U.S. 
Naval  Academy's 
math  and  science  divi- 
sion, Kendall  says  his 
Duke  experience  was  a 
turning  point  in  his 
personal  and  profes- 
sional life. 


of  six 
children, 
Greensboro 
native  Gene 
Kendall  was 
approached 
by  MIT, 
Princeton, 
and  most  of 
the  histori- 
cally black 
colleges  to  apply  for 
admission.  But  Duke 
offered  him  a  full 
scholarship,  and 
Kendall's  decision,  he 
says,  was  thus  essen- 
tially made  for  him. 
With  his  sights  on  a 
mechanical  engineer- 
ing degree,  Kendall 
took  the  mandatory 
pre-major  classes,  only 
to  find  that  his  high 


MM  I  attended  James 
mm  B.  Dudley  High  *| 

School,  in 
Greensboro,  which  was 
a  large,  segregated 
school.  There  were  230 
people  in  my  graduating 
class.  I  knew  that  Duke 
had  no  blacks  in  their 
undergraduate  programs, 
but  I  didn't  really  con- 
sider any  other  schoo' 
once  I  was  offered  the 
scholarship. 

My  community  was  ecstatic  and  my 
family  was  happy,  but  there  was  really  no 
pressure  [to  be  the  exceptional  child].  I 
was  simply  going  away  to  college. 

The  single  most  difficult  thing  about 
coming  to  Duke  was  that  I  had  no  refer- 
ence for  how  things  would  be.  My  high 
school  had  prepared  me  well  for  liberal  arts 
courses  but  I  was  woefully  ill-prepared  for 
science  and  math.  And  that  feeling  pre- 
vailed throughout:  'My  God,  what  have  I 
j  gotten  myself  into?'  There  was  no  hostility 
or  anything  like  that  on  campus  or  with 
any  ot  the  people  I  associated  with.  I  was 
very  well  received  and  was  expected  to 
participate  in  the  university,  and  I  did. 

My  score  on  the  [freshman]  physics 
exam  was  so  low  that  it  was  impossible  tor 


me  to  pass  the  course  at  that  point.  If  I'd 
known  that  1  was  in  that  much  trouble,  I 
would  have  gone  for  help  earlier,  but  I 
thought  1  knew  the  material.  I  really  did. 

You've  got  to  remember  that  I  was  com- 
ing from  a  high  school  environment  where 
I  was  at  the  top  of  everything.  Nothing 
had  ever  been  difficult;  my  studies  came 
easily.  I  was  devastated  by  my  failure  and  I 
asked  myself,  'Hey,  am  I  as  smart  as  every- 
one says  I  am,  or  has  it  all  been  a  terrible 
joke?  Should  I  have  taken  a  lesser  scholar- 
ship in  a  more  caring  environment  and 
given  myself  a  chance  to  grow?' 

In  retrospect,  my  chances  at  Duke  were 
very,  very  slim.  Even  though  my  SATs 
were  the  highest  of  anyone  at  my  high 
school,  they  were  below  the  average  for 
other  Duke  students  and  way  lower  than 
those  of  the  average  engineering  student.  I 
didn't  know  that  when  I  arrived,  and 
things  started  piling  up  and  before  I  knew 
it,  I  realized  I  would  essentially  be  flunking 
out  because  my  scholarship  wouldn't  be 
renewed. 

I  joined  the  Navy  and  did  quite  well,  so 
the  Navy  wanted  to  send  me  back  to 
school.  I  asked 
them  to  send  me 
back  to  Duke,  but 
because  of  tuition 
costs,  they  would 
only  agree  to  send 
me  to  UNC  (with- 
in the  state).  And 
figured  if  I 
couldn't  go  to 
Duke,  there  was 
no  point  in  going 
to  Carolina.  Stan- 
ford was  my  next 
choice,  but  the 
military  science 
building  had  been 
burned  down  by 
students  the  year 
before,  so  the 
Navy  wasn't  send- 
ing anyone  there.  So  I  went  to  the  Univer- 
sity of  Kansas,  where  I  earned  an  engineer- 
ing and  physics  degree.  I  graduated  with 
honors  and  was  president  of  the  physics 
society. 

My  Duke  experience  put  things  into 
perspective.  It  showed  me  that  no  matter 
how  you  think  things  are,  there  arc  always 
holes  in  your  preparation.  It  taught  me  to 
look  for  whatever  I  was  uncomfortable 
with  and  work  on  that,  rather  than  assume 
everything  is  okay  because  the  surface 
seems  fine.  It  also  taught  me  how  to  recov- 
er from  adversity  and  setbacks — how  to 
return  from  the  end-of-the-world  syn- 
drome. And  it  reinforced  some  interesting 
beliefs  that  sometimes  even  the  most 
noble  experiments  don't  work." 


[5 


Both  my  parents  worked  at  Ameri- 
""**'  can  Tobacco,  so  I  was  aware  of  the 
Duke  family  and  their  influence  on 
the  tobacco  industry.  But  I  never  consid- 
ered what  it  would  be  like  to  attend  the 
university.  Once  I  was  there,  it  was  like 
being  in  a  world  inside  a  world  I'd  known 
all  my  life.  My  only  connection  was  with 
the  people  who  worked  in  the 
dining  and  residence  halls.  And 
that  connection  was  friendly, 
but  loose  and  detached. 

The  transition  was  a  lot  easier 
than  I  thought  it  would  be.  I  did 
spend  a  few  nervous  moments 
wondering  if  the  strength  of  my 
elementary  and  high  school  aca- 
demics would  stand  up  at  Duke. 
But  I  made  the  dean's  list  the 
first  year. 

By  my  second  year,  I  had 
fallen  in  love  and  [my  fiance's 
and  my]  grades  were  slipping.  So  we  decid- 
ed to  get  married  and  stabilize  our  lives. 
Marriage  was  a  big  surprise  to  me  and  the 
people  who  knew  me.  It's  one  of  those 
decisions  that  rushes  its  way  into  your  life 
without  it  really  being  your  choice.  But  at 
the  time,  it  wasn't  that  unusual  for  people 
to  marry  young. 

I  was  pre-med  throughout  my  under- 
graduate career,  although  I  changed  from 
biology  to  psychology  my  junior  year.  I 
don't  remember  classes  interacting  that 
much  with  the  social  issues  of  the  time. 
There  was  an  anthropology  course  that 
addressed  the  origins  of  humanity,  and  I 
recall  that  the  professor  included  support- 
ive statements  about  the  role  of  Africans. 

We  didn't  have  open  conversations 
about  racial  issues,  not  even  informally.  I 
guess  my  just  being  there  was  enough  of  a 
statement.  It  really  was.  What  conversa- 
tions we  did  have  focused  more  on  com- 


Mary  Mitchell  Harris 


ary  Mitchell 
Harris  made 
up  her  mind 
in  the  tenth  grade  that 
she  wanted 
to  attend  Duke. 
An  honors  student  at 
Durham's 
Hillside 
High 
School, 
Harris 
wasn't  dis- 


suaded by  a  well-inten- 
tioned guidance  coun- 
selor who  told  her  she 
might  want  to  make 
alternative  plans, 
the  time  Harris  was 
valedictorian  of  her 
senior  class,  the 
trustees  had  voted  to 
desegregate  and  Harris 
was  offered  admission. 


monalities, 

things  that 

we      shared 

that  weren't 

in    the    con- 
text of  race. 

Things  like, 
'Oh,  you  mean  this 
happened  to  you  when 
you  were  ten  years  old, 
too?'  Friendships  were 
based  on  the  pleasant 
discoveries  we  made 
about  things  we 
went  through. 

Last  fall  I  decided  to 
sit  in  on  a  class  at 
Duke,  and  it  totally  sat- 
isfied my  view  of  what 
the  university  is  doing 
in  the  classroom.  It  was 
an  English  course  that  looked  at  a  multi- 
cultural approach  to  life  through  the  eyes 
of  various  writers.  The  professor  chose 
some  of  my  own  personal  favorite  refer- 
ences as  well  as  current  writers;  it  updated 
me  considerably.  And  the  involvement  of 
the  class  was  spectacular.  My  experience 
showed  me  that  a  liberal  arts  education  is 


alive  and  well;  professors  are  comfortable 
with  the  approach  and  are  open  to  the 
ideas  and  orientations  of  their  students... 

One  of  the  things  I'm  interested  in  is 
corporate    psychology.    There    are    some 
communications   theories   regarding   race 
relations  in  the  corporate  world.  Often, 
there   are   [surface]   acquaintances   which 
are  comfortable  and  polite,  but  that  never 
move    beyond    the    cursory    level.    And 
moving  beyond  that  to  real  friendships  is 
necessary  because  whenever  issues  come 
up  that  can  be  divid- 
ed along  racial  lines, 
a  demarcation  is  in 
place. 

It's  the  same  thing 
for  academic  institu- 
tions; there  have  to 
be  real,  true  friend- 
ships among  faculty 
and  administrators 
[that  cross  racial 
lines]  in  order  for  stu- 
dents to  think  that 
there's  really  some- 
thing new  under  the 
sun.  When  you  talk 
about  creating  a  mul- 
ticultural environ- 
ment, you  have  to 
look  at  the  staff  and 
administrative  level 
as  much,  if  not  more 
so,  than  the  student 
level."  ■ 


Plans  are  now  under  way  to  commemorate  the 
thirtieth  anniversary  of  the  board  of  trustees' 
resolution  to  admit  qualified  applicants  without 
regard  to  ethnicity.  A  committee  chaired  by 
university  vice  president  Leonard  Beckum  will 
oversee  the  celebration,  which  is  expected  to  kick 
off  on  Founder's  Day  weekend.  For  details,  call 
9 1 9-684-4736. 


THE  WAY  IT  WAS  (AND  SOMETIMES  STILL  IS) 


For  the  first  black  stu- 
dents at  Duke,  joining 
a  racially  uniform 
community  was  both 
formidable  and  exciting.  In 
the  years  that  followed,  the 
country's  social  and  politi- 
cal upheavals  touched 
Duke  as  well.  Soon,  racial 
discrimination  and  dispar- 
ity became  a  burning  issue. 
For  Divinity  School  pro- 
fessor William  Turner,  who 
matriculated  in  1966,  black 
students'  hopes  and  ambi- 
tions were  tempered  by  an 
unspoken  understanding  of 
how  to  follow  the  guide- 
lines already  in  place. 

"You  have  to  remember 
that  we  grew  up  in  a  pre- 


civil  rights  era,"  says 
Turner  B.S.E.  '71,  M.Div. 
'74,  Ph.D.  '84.  "Our  experi- 
ence  was  one  of  segrega- 
tion: segregated  communi- 
ties, segregated  churches, 
segregated  schools.  We 
remember  separate  water 
fountains.  We  remember 
sitting  in  the  back  of  the 
bus.  It  was  American 
apartheid,  and  we  grew  up 
learning  rules  of  behavior 
and  conduct  around  that 
reality.  It's  hard  to  describe 
for  someone  who  wasn't 
there  what  an  alien  world  it 
was." 

Despite  the  alienation, 
Turner  never  considered 
leaving  "because  there  was 


a  pioneering  spirit  among 
us.  You  weren't  just  doing 
it  for  yourself;  you  were 
doing  it  for  your  parents, 
your  school  teachers,  and 
for  your  community.  Back 
home,  we  were  celebrities; 
we  were  doing  something 
new  and  revolutionary. 

"And  you  always  knew 
what  the  rules  were.  Even- 
tually it  became  a  matter  of 
deciding  which  rules  you 
were  going  to  follow  and 
which  you  were  going  to 
break.  You  do  that  accord- 
ing to  your  own  personal 
and  moral  integrity.  You 
break  them  when  you  just 
can't  continue  with  the 
way  things  are.  And  you 


don't  break  them  when 
you  don't  feel  like  putting 
up  that  energy. 

"That  is  something  that 
many  people  never  fully 
comprehended  about  [the 
difference  between]  segre- 
gation and  separation. 
Some  things  that  we've 
developed — forms  of 
expression,  cultural  con- 
ventions— are  things  that 
we  as  African-Americans 
like  [more  than  the  white 
equivalent].  In  many  cases, 
we've  never  been  sold  on 
the  superiority  of  the  white 
culture  or  the  white  way  of 
doing  things.  So  you  don't 
break  the  rules  and  put  out 
the  energy  when  you  are 


going  to  like  what  you  get 
less  than  what  you  had.  But 
that  was  never  the  issue. 
The  issue  was  the  equality 
of  opportunity:  how  funds, 
privileges,  and  benefits  are 
allocated.... 

"Even  after  twenty-five 
years,  I  still  have  the  feeling 
that  I'm  breaking  rules  by 
being  here.  My  son  feels  at 
home  here;  he  can  run 
around  the  Gardens  and  go 
to  the  top  of  the  Chapel 
and  he  feels  that  this  place 
is  his.  And  on  one  level  I 
feel  like  that,  too.  But  on  a 
deeper  level,  I  know  the 
history  of  my  presence 
here." 


16 


PRESIDENTIAL 
PLANNING 


Ed  Hanson  doesn't  quite  have  a  plan — 
but  he  will  soon  enough.  As  the  new 
president  of  the  Duke  Alumni  Asso- 
ciation, Hanson  73,  A.M.  77,  J.D.  77  will 
be  leading  the  association  in  a  planning 
process  that  will 
shape  its  course  over  ^ 
the  next  five  years. 

Hanson's  own 
alumni  involvement 
has  focused  on  lead- 
ership in  the  alumni 
clubs  area  and  for  the 
Alumni  Admissions 
Advisory  Committee. 
(The  critical  moment 
came  several  years 
ago,  he  says,  as  he 
was  running  on  a 
track  at  American 
University:  Hanson, 
wearing  a  Duke  T- 
shirt,  was  spotted  by 
another  Duke  runner 
and  persuaded  to  sign 
on  as  an  interviewer 
of  Washington-area 
prospective  students.) 
Since  1979,  he  has 
been  chair  of  the 
Montgomery  County 

(Maryland)/District  of  Columbia  Alumni 
Admissions  Advisory  Committee;  for  two 
years,  he  was  vice  president  and  secretary 
of  the  Duke  Club  of  Washington.  He's 
been  a  member  of  the  DAA  board  of 
directors  since  1987. 

Last  spring,  Hanson  took  on  a  new  volun 
teer  assignment  as  a  member  of  the  Presi 
dential  Search  Committee.  Given  Duke': 
soaring  reputation  and  financial  well-being 
the  university  is  in  a  good  position  to 
attract  able  presidential  prospects,  he  says. 
"In  its  coupling  of  financial  stewardship 
and  academic  leadership,  the  Duke  presi 
dency  is  an  enormous  responsibility,  even 
for  the  best-prepared  candidate." 

Honored  as  an  undergraduate  with  Ph 
Beta  Kappa  standing,  Hanson  has  a  strong 


interest  in  expanding  the  alumni  associa- 
tion's continuing-education  side.  "It's  impor- 
tant for  alumni  to  look  to  Duke  as  a  source 
for  education  long  after  they  have  physi- 
cally left  the  campus,"  he  says.  "And  for 
the  alumni  association,  a  continuing-educa- 
tion emphasis  fits  us  into  the  mainstream 
mission  of  the  campus.  Duke  is,  after  all,  a 
community  that  is  driven  by  educational  in- 


: 

U 

with  only  a  minuscule  alumni  population? 
At  the  same  time  that  we're  re-examining 
what  we're  now  doing,  we  need  to  consider 
areas — like  building  links  between  alumni 
and  faculty,  for  example — that  might  rep- 
resent worthwhile  new  investments." 


A  DAY  FOR 
DOING  FOR 
OTHERS 


DAA  President  Hanson:  a  strong 


terests,  and  we  should  identify  with  those 
interests." 

Because  Duke's  alumni  body  is  so  widely 
dispersed,  it's  especially  challenging  to 
develop  vehicles  for  involvement,  says 
Hanson.  "At  the  heart  of  our  long-range 
planning  is  the  issue  of  how  to  get  alumni 
to  become  more  directly  a  part  of  the  uni- 
versity community. 

"For  the  last  few  years,  we've  been 
focusing  on  improving  programs  for  alum- 
ni. Now  those  programs  have  matured,  and 
they're  first-rate.  The  task  now  is  to  ask 
ourselves  how  we  might  beneficially  fine- 
tune  some  aspects  of  these  programs.  For 
example,  should  we  put  more  resources 
into  the  larger  club  organizations,  rather 
than    supporting   organizations    in    places 


Community  service 
takes  many  forms, 
from  hospital  can- 
dystripers  to  soup  kitchen 
volunteers.  In  the  last 
couple  of  years,  nearly  a 
third  of  Duke's  eighty- 
one  alumni  clubs  have 
made  a  concerted  effort 
to  be  "points  of  light"  in 
their  own  communities. 
But  this  fall,  outreach  goes 
worldwide. 

The  Duke  Alumni  As- 
sociation's Clubs  Commit- 
a  tee,  in  cooperation  with 
S  Duke's  student  govern- 
i  ment,  ASDU,  has  devel- 
oped a  program  called 
"Duke  CARES  (Commu- 
nity Action  Response  Encouraging  Ser- 
vice)." October  31  has  been  designated  as 
a  day  for  a  worldwide  volunteer  effort, 
when  Duke  alumni  and  students  will  take 
part  simultaneously  in  projects  such  as  lit- 
eracy programs,  visits  to  children's  hospi- 
tals and  retirement  centers,  neighborhood 
litter  collection,  refurbishing  hemes  or 
schools,  working  for  food  banks  or  at  home- 
less shelters,  hosting  fund-raising  Hal- 
loween parties,  or  any  other  invididual  or 
volunteer  effort. 

"We're  hoping  to  involve  as  many  clubs 
as  possible  this  year,"  says  Julia  Palmer  '85, 
alumni  clubs  coordinator.  "Our  long-term 
goal  is  to  institutionalize  the  day,  make  it 
an  annual  event  in  which  alumni  club 
members,  and  individuals  who  don't  live 


s  continuing-education  side 


in  club  areas,  will  participate.  Our  main 
purpose,  as  our  new  committee  chair 
[Robert  T.  Harper  76,  J.D.  79]  has  said,  is 
to  help  the  Duke  community  become  a 
part  of  every  community.'  " 


PICKING  A  COLLEGE 
AND  HOW  TO  GET  IN 


Sometimes,  preparing  for  college  seems 
easier  than  applying  to  college.  Just 
when  you  think  you've  mastered 
going  to  high  school  while  surviving  puber- 
ty, college  looms  on  the  horizon.  Will  the 
school  I  choose  choose  me?  When  do  I 
start  applying?  Who's  going  to  pay  and 
how  much? 

For  the  third  year,  Duke's  Alumni  Af- 
fairs office  has  helped  alumni  parents  and 
their  high-school-age  children  find  some  of 
the  answers  during  a  day-long  Alumni  Ad- 
missions Forum  in  late  June.  This  year,  for 
the  first  time,  Duke  staff  members  and  their 
children  were  invited.  All  totaled,  there 
were  188  participants  representing  sixty- 
five  families  from  eighteen  states,  some  as 
far  away  as  Wisconsin  and  Oklahoma. 

Sponsored  by  the  Duke  Alumni  Associ- 
ation and  coordinated  by  Edith  Sprunt 
Toms  '62,  Alumni  Affairs'  associate  direc- 
tor for  the  alumni  admissions  program,  the 
forum  began  with  a  student-led  walking  tour 
of  West  Campus  and  a  continental  breakfast 
during  registration.  Alumni  Affairs  Director 
M.  Laney  Funderburk  Jr.  '60  welcomed  par- 
ticipants and  explained  the  forum's  pur- 
pose. "Most  of  the  program  will  deal  with 
generic  admissions  issues,"  he  said.  "We 
hope  that  the  information  presented  will 
arm  you  with  facts  and  advice  that  will  serve 
you,  parents  and  students  alike,  regardless 
of  where  applications  are  made." 

Paula  Phillips  Burger  '67,  A.M.  74, 
Duke's  vice  provost  for  academic  services, 
introduced  the  guest  faculty:  Carl  Bewig, 
director  of  career  counseling  at  Phillips 
Andover  Academy;  Sarah  McGinty,  admis- 
sions consultant  and  author  of  two  books  on 
college  admissions;  and  Jane  Koten,  coor- 
dinator of  college  counseling  at  Glenbrook 
South  High  School  in  Glenview,  Illinois. 

In  the  first  session,  the  panel  discussed 
how  to  begin  the  search,  what  to  look  for 
in  a  college,  and  the  admissions  calendar, 
followed  by  questions  and  answers.  The 
second  session,  conducted  by  Bewig  and 
Duke's  newly  appointed  admissions  direc- 
tor, Christoph  Guttentag,  dealt  with  what 
colleges  are  looking  for.  The  forum  broke 
for  a  luncheon  in  Von  Canon  Hall. 

The  third  session  followed,  with  the  three 
guest  panelists  joining  forces  to  address 
specific  aspects  of  the  application  process, 


The  following  titles  by  Duke  faculty,  published  during  the  last  year, 
are  currently  in  stock  at  The  Gothic  Bookshop  and  available  at  a  20 
percent  discount  to  alumni.  Use  your  Duke  MasterCard  or  Visa,  or 
any  other  major  credit  card,  to  order  by  phone  at  (919)  684-3986. 


AFRICAN  STUDIES 


Parables  &  Fables:  Exegesis,  Textuality,  and  Poli- 
tics in  Central  Africa  by  V.Y.  Mudimbe,  professor  of 
Romance  studies  and  comparative  literature.  University 
ofWisconsin  Press,  $19.95  (paper). 

"This  remarkable  book  confronts  the  philosophical 
problems  of  otherness  and  identity  through  reading  of 
the  parables  and  fables  of  a  colonized  people,  the  Luba 
of  Zaire...  [explores]  the  relationship  between  God  and 
human  beings  in  African  philosophy  and  mythology 
and  sets  this  against  the  background  of  Western,  partic- 
ularly Catholic,  theology." 

A  Democratic  South  Africa?:  Constitutional  Engi- 
neering in  a  Divided  Society  by  Donald  L.  Horowitz, 
professor  of  law  and  political  science.  University  of 
California  Press,  $24.95. 

"[Horowitz  offers]  a  compelling  case  for  the  possi- 
bility of  a  democratic  South  Africa.  A  brilliant  book  of 
great  importance  for  scholars  and  politicians  alike." 

— Giuseppe  DiPalma,  University  of  California. 


Recapturing  Anthropology:  Working  in  the  Present 

edited  by  Richard  G.  Fox,  professor  of  anthropology. 
School  of  American  Research  Press,  $15.95  (paper). 

"The  ten  papers  in  this  volume  offer  different  ver- 
sions of  how  and  where  anthropologists  might  usefully 
work  in  todav's  world,  converging  on  the  issues  of  how 
anthropology  can  best  recapture  the  progressive  charac- 
ter its  basic  concepts,  such  as  'culture,'  once  had." 


Homecoming:  The  Art  and  Life  of  William  H. 
Johnson  by  Richard  J.  Powell,  professor  of  African  and 
American  art  history.  Rizzoli  Press,  $45. 

"[Powell]  has  honored  William  H.  Johnson's  impor- 
tant contribution  to  20th-century  art  history  with  an 
unobtrusive  yet  brilliant  prose  style.  [Powell]  has  estab- 
lished himself  as  a  majot  United  States  art  historian." 

— Robert  Farris  Thompson,  Yale  University. 


The  World  and  the  Bo  Tree  by  Helen  Bevington, 
professor  of  English.  Duke  University  Press,  $15.95 
(paper). 

"Each  time  I  leave  home  I  seem  to  go  in  search  of 
something — call  it  a  bo  tree,  or  Shangri-La,  or  par- 
adise— which  is  only  another  name  for  peace  itself  and 
these  days  decidedly  a  fool's  errand." 


The  Elements  of  Job  Hunting  by  John  Noble,  direc- 
tor of  career  services.  Bob  Adams  Press,  $4.95  (paper). 


Schools  into  Fields  and  Factories:  Anarchists,  the 
Guomindang,  and  the  National  Labor  University  in 
Shanghai,  1927-1932  by  Arif  Dirlik,  professor  of 
history.  Duke  University  Press,  $47.50. 

"It  is  the  detailed  description  of  the  workings  of  the 
Labor  University  that  makes  this  a  particularly  com- 
pelling study. . .  the  general,  analytical  chapters  are  full 
of  brilliant  insights  into  larger  issues. .." 

— Lawrence  Schneider,  Washington  University. 

Anarchism  in  the  Chinese  Revolution  by  Arif  Dirlik, 
professor  of  history.  University  of  California  Press, 
$39.95. 

"[Dirlik]  offers  a  revisionist  perspective  on  Chinese 
radicalism  in  the  twentieth  century." 


mmihumiMm 


The  Politics  of  Liberal  Education  edited  by  Barbara 
Herrnstein  Smith,  professor  of  comparative  literature 
and  English.  Duke  University  Press,  $14.95  (paper). 
"Recent  developments  in  American  higher  educa- 
tion— curricular  revisions,  'multiculturalism,'  the  chal- 
lenge to  traditional  view's  of 'canons'  and  'classics' — 
have  become  the  focus  of  public  attention... The 
Politics  of  Liberal  Education  enters  these  debates 
with  a  strong  defense  of  educational  reform  by  a  group 
of  distinguished  scholars  and  teachers." 


Death  and  the  Maiden  by  Ariel  Dorfman,  Center  for 
International  Studies.  Penguin,  $7  (paper). 

"A  play  of  ideas  in  the  guise  of  a  political  thriller... 
Suspenseful  [and]  riveting,  [it]  achieves  a  universality 
that  is  movingly  personal." 

— Mel  Gussow,77;<;  New  York  Times. 


Milton  Friedman:  Economics  in  Theory  and 
Practice  by  Neil  de  Marchi,  professor  of  < 
University  of  Michigan  Press,  $18.95  (paper). 

Nonparametric  and  Semiparametric  Methods  in 
Econometrics  and  Statistics  edited  by  George 
Tauchen,  professor  of  economics.  Cambridge  Univer- 
sity Press,  $22.95  (paper). 

"This  collection  of  papers  [is]  devoted  to  timely 
advances  in  the  estimation  and  testing  of  models  that 
impose  relatively  weak  restrictions  on  the  stochastic 
behavior  of  data." 

Nonlinear  Dynamics,  Chaos,  and  Instability:  Statis- 
tical Theory  and  Economic  Evidence  by  David  A. 
Hsieh,  professor  of  business.  Massachusetts  Institute  of 
Technology  Press,  $32.50. 

"A  comprehensive  review  of  the  literature  on  the 
detection  of  chaos  and  nonlinear  structures  in  time- 
series  data." 

Axioms  of  Cooperative  Decision  Making  by  Harve 
Moulin,  professor  of  economics.  Cambridge  University 
Press,  $22.95  (paper). 

"[Moulin]  provides  a  unified  and  comprehensive 
study  of  welfarism,  cooperative  games,  public  decision 
making,  and  voting  and  social  choice  theory — techni- 
cally heterogeneous  subjects  that  are  linked  by  com- 
mon axioms." 


To  Engineer  is  Human:  The  Role  of  Failure  in  Suc- 
cessful Design  by  Henry  Petroski,  professor  of  civil 
engineering.  Vintage,  $11.00  (paper). 

"A  refreshing  plunge  into  the  dynamics  of  the  engi- 
neering ethos.  ..as  straightforward  as  an  I-beam." 

— Science 


Running  Mates  by  John  Feinstein,  visiting  instructor, 
public  policy  studies.  ViUard  Books,  $19. 

"[A  mystery  where]  Bobby  Kelleher  is  a  wisecrack- 
ing, no-nonsense  investigative  reporter  with  a  cynical 
streak  a  mile  wide." 

Blue  Calhoun  by  Reynolds  Price,  professor  of  English. 
Atheneum,  $23. 

"Reynolds  Price  has  written  the  most  searching, 
most  passionate,  most  accomplished  book  of  his  long, 
rich  and  varied  career." 

Between  Tides  by  V.Y.  Mudimbe,  professor  of 
Romance  studies  and  comparative  literature.  Simon  & 
Schuster,  $18. 

"A  compelling  journey  into  the  interior  of  a  man 
and  a  revolution  torn  between  East  and  West,  power 
and  piety,  God  and  the  Devil." 

— Paula  Giddings. 


Race  and  History:  Selected  Essays  1938-1988  by 
John  Hope  Franklin,  professor  of  history.  Louisiana 
State  University  Press,  S9.95  (paper). 

"Readers  will  find  these  twenty-seven  essays  elo- 
quent, barbed,  timely  and  outspoken.  Franklin's  assess- 
ment of  a  widening  socioeconomic  chasm  between 
blacks  and  whites,  his  sweeping  surveys  of  racism  from 
the  American  Revolution  to  the  Civil  War  and  beyond, 
are  hard-hitting." 

—Publishers  Weekly. 

A  History  of  the  Modern  World:  seventh  edition  by 
Joel  Colton,  professor  of  history.  Alfred  A.  Knopf,  $55. 

"A  brilliant  and  highly  readable  history  of  modern 
Europe  in  its  international  setting,  [which]  explores  the 
heritage  of  the  West  since  the  Renaissance,  closely 
relating  the  history  of  individual  nations  to  European 


Feminist  Legal  Theory:  Readings  in  Law  and  Gen- 
der edited  by  Katharine  T.  Bartlett,  professor  of  law. 
Westview  Press,  S17.95  (paper). 

"An  excellent  selection  of  articles.  Feminist  Legal 
Theory  is  a  'must'  for  anyone  concerned  with  current 
feminist  thought  about  the  law." 

— Nana'  Fraser,  Northwestern  Universitv 


Chaucer  and  die  Subject  of  History  by  Lee  Patter- 
son, professor  of  English.  University  of  Wisconsin 
Press,  S  14.95  (paper). 

"The  product  of  one  of  the  most  original  and  pow- 
erful minds  in  medieval  literary  studies  today.  I  predict 
that  this  will  be  the  Chaucer  book  of  our  generation." 
— Peter  W.  Travis,  Dartmouth  College. 

Postmodernism  or  The  Cultural  Logic  of  Late  Cap- 
italism by  Fredric  Jameson,  professor  of  comparative 
literature.  Duke  University  Press,  $34.95. 

"A  wide-ranging  discussion  of  the  cultural  land- 
scape— both  'high'  and  'low' — of  postmodernity... 
This  insightful  and  provocative  book  will  be  funda- 
mentally important  to  all  future  discussions  of  post- 
modernism." 

New  Essays  on  White  Noise  edited  by  Frank  Lentric- 
cliia,  professor  of  English.  Cambridge  Universitv  Press, 
$9.95  (paper). 

"[.As  part  of  The  American  Novel  series],  this  col- 
lection offers  suggestive  means  by  which  to  approach 
DeLillo's  important  contemporary  work." 


Richard  Strauss's  Elektra  by  Bryan  Gilliam,  professor 
of  music.  Oxford  University  Press,  $65. 

"Bryan  Gilliam's  study  of  this  major  work  looks  at 
its  musical-historical  context:  establishing  its  composi- 
tional chronology,  examining  critical  response  to  the 


Show  your  Duke  Alumni  Association  membership  card  in  person  to 
qualify  for  20  percent  discount  off  these  books,  or  10  percent  off  other 
books  in  stock.  If  you  have  any  suggestions  or  know  of  a  Duke  / 
we  have  missed,  please  let  us  know. 


Contested  Culture:  The  Image,  the  Voice,  and  the 
Law  by  Jane  M.  Gaines,  professor  of  English.  Univer- 
sity of  North  Carolina  Press,  $14.95  (paper). 

"This  is  one  of  the  first  efforts,  and  certainly  the 
most  ambitious  and  sustained  one,  to  bearing  the 
methods  of  poststructuralist  literary  criticism  to  the 
study  of  a  whole  field  of  legal  doctrine,  that  of  intellec- 
tual property  law..." 

— Robert  W.  Gordon,  Stanford  Law  School. 

Reforming  Products  Liability  by  W.  Kip  Viscusi,  pro- 
fessor of  economics.  Harvard  University  Press,  $34.95. 

"Drawing  on  both  liability  insurance  trends  and 
litigation  patterns,  [this  book]  shows  that  the  products 
liability'  crisis  is  not  simply  a  phenomenon  of  the 


LITERARYTHEORY 


On  Frost:  The  Best  from  American  Literature 
edited  by  Edwin  H.  Cady,  professor  of  English.  Duke 
University  Press,  $35. 

On  Humor:  The  Best  from  American  Literature 

edited  by  Louis  J.  Budd,  professor  of  humanities,  and 
Edwin  H.  Cadv,  professor  of  English.  Duke  Universitv 
Press,  S35. 

Each  article  has  opened  a  fresh  line  of  inquiry, 
established  a  fresh  perspective  on  a  familiar  topic,  or 
settled  a  question  that  engaged  the  interest  of  experts." 

West  of  Everything:  The  Inner  Life  of  Westerns  by 
Jane  Tompkins,  professor  of  English.  Oxford  Univer- 
sity Press,  S2 1.95. 

"[Tompkins]  not  only  develops  an  insightful  femi- 
nist critique  of  the  western  as  macho  mythos,  but  also 
has  some  brilliant  observations  to  make  about  the 
genre's  compelling  artistic  and  cultural  force." 

Epistemology  of  the  Closet  by  Eve  Kosofsky  Sedg- 
wick, professor  of  English.  University  of  California 
Press,  S13  (paper). 

"...no  book  I  have  recently  read  is  as  successful... in 
making  provocative  connections  between  literary  acts 
and  social  dynamics. . .  A  remarkable  work  of  mind  and 
spirit." 

— Mark  Edmundson,  Vie  Sation. 


premiere — especially  within  the  context  of  contempo- 
rary German  opera." 


Nietzsche  s  New  Seas:  Explorations  m  Philosophy, 
Aesthetics,  and  Politics  edited  by  Michael  .Allen  Gille- 
spie, professor  of  political  science.  University  of 
Chicago  Press,  $13.95  (paper). 

"An  excellent  selection  of  recent  work  that  merits 
serious  examination  by  scholars  of  Nietzsche  and  indi- 
viduals interested  in  examining  interdisciplinary  Niet- 
zschean  reflections  on  the  problems  of  modernity  and 
post  modernity." 

— Alan  D.  Schrift 


CANADIAN  PHILOSOPHICAL  REVIEW 


John  Locke's  Liberalism  bv  Ruth  W.  Grant,  professo 
of  political  science.  Chicago'University  Press,  $13.95 
(paper). 

"An  excellent  contribution  to  Locke  studies  and  tc 
liberal  political  philosophy..." 


i,  profe 


of 


The  Secret  Life  of  Quanta  bv  MY.  Ha 

physics.  TAB  Books,  $12.95  (paper). 

"The  reader  comes  away  with  a  deeper  understand- 
ing of  the  exciting  frontiers  of  science.. .1  recommend 
The  Secret  Life  of  Quanta  to  all  who  want  a  clearer 
view  of  the  world  we  live  in  today,  and  the  world  that 
will  emerge  with  the  twenty-first  century." 

— Science  Teacher 


Everyday  Cognition  in  Adulthood  and  Late  Life 
edited  bv  David  ('.  Rubin,  professor  ofpsycholog) 
Cambridge,  S29.95  (piper). 

"[Rubin]  oners,  for  the  first  time,  a  comprehensive 
overview  of  research  on  everyday  cognition  in  the  adult 
phases  of  the  life  course." 


But  Was  It  Just:  Reflections  on  the  Morality  of  the 
Persian  Gulf  War  by  Stanley  Hauerwas,  pre  ifesjOT  I  >t 
divinity  ami  law,  ct  al.  Doublcday,  S15.00. 

"This  is  a  remarkable  contribution  to  contemporary 
debate  on  the  issues  of  distinctively  contemporary  war 


For  those  who  want  to  know  what  the  strongest 

tial  reading." 

— Alasdair  Maclntyre. 

The  Secularization  of  the  Academy  edited  by 
George  M.  Marsden,  professor  of  the  history  of 
Christianity,  and  Bradley  J.  Longfield,  professor  of 
American  Christianity.  Oxford  University  Press, 
$15.95  (paper). 

"A  searching  exploration  of  a  century  and  a  half 
of  higher  education  in  American  culture." 

— John  F.  Wilson,  Princeton  University. 

Defenders  of  God  by  Bruce  B.  Lawrence,  profes- 
sor of  the  history  of  religion.  Harper  Collins,  $15 
(paper). 

"[This  book |  has  expertly  uncovered  the  roots 
of  fundamentalism,  measured  its  recent  growth, 
and  predicted  its  future  spread." 

— Atlanta  Journal-Constitution. 

John  Among  the  Gospels:  The  Relationship  in 
Twentieth-Century  Research  by  D.  Moody 
Smith,  professor  of  New  Testament.  Fortress  Press, 
$12.95  (paper). 

"His  work  reads  much  like  a  fascinating  mystery 
story  with  an  army  of  detectives,  trying  to  solve  a 
perplexing  crime,  each  offering  proposed  solutions 
and  each  refuting  the  other." 

After  Christendom?  by  Stanley  Hauerw  as,  profes- 
sor of  divinity  and  law.  Abingdon  Press,  $12.95 
(paper). 

"[This]  sequel  to  Resident  Aliens... continues 
to  focus  on  the  congregation  as  a  community  that 
is  set  apart  from  the  culture. 

Morals  for  the  Heart,  edited  and  annotated  by 
Bruce  Lawrence,  professor  of  the  history  of  reli- 
gion. Paulist  Press,  $18.95  (paper). 

Part  of  the  series  Tlie  Classics  of  Western  Spiritu- 
ality, Morals  for  the  Heart  is  "the  first  and  foremost 
representative  of  a  literary  genre  that  attained  great 
popularity  among  South  Asian  Sufis..." 


WOMEN  S  STUDIES 


The  Paradox  of  Change:  American  Women  in 
the  20th  Century  bv  William  H.  Chafe,  professor 
of  history.  Oxford  Universitv'  Press,  S9.95  I  paper  i 
"When  William  Chafe's  The  American  Woman 
was  published  in  1972,  it  was  hailed  as  a  break- 
through in  the  study  of  women  in  this  century. 
Chafe  builds  on  his  classic  work,  taking  full  account 
on  the  events  and  scholarship  of  the  last  fifteen 
years,  as  he  extends  his  analysis  into  the  1990s  with 
the  rise  of  feminism  and  the  New  Right." 

Performing  Motherhood:  The  Sevigne  Corre- 
spondence by  Michcle  Longino  Farrell,  professor 
of  French.  L'niversitv  Press  of  New  England, 
$22.95  (paper). 

"This  is  a  pathbreaking  w  ork,  essential  reading 
for  srudents  of  French  women's  w  riling  and  for  all 
those  interested  in  the  literary  construction  of 
maternity.11 

-Joan  Dcjcan 


Vital  Circuits:  On  Pumps,  Pipes,  and  the  Work- 
ings of  the  Circulatoiy  Systems  by  Steven  Vogel, 
professor  of  zoolotry.  Oxford  L'niversitv  Press, 
$24.95. 

"[Vogel  is]  a  master  at  using  evervdav  points  of 
reference  to  illustrate  potentially  daunting  concepts." 


including  high  school  records,  essays  and 
interviews,  and  standardized  testing. 

Session  Four  separated  the  parents  and 
the  students.  James  Belvin,  Duke's  director 
of  financial  aid,  provided  an  hour  on  financ- 
ing a  college  education,  while  students 
attended  "Life  at  Duke:  Through  Students' 
Eyes,"  with  a  panel  of  five  Duke  students. 
Dean  for  Student  Life  Suzanne  Wasiolek 
'76,  M.H.A.  '78  was  the  moderator. 

The  final  sessions  of  the  afternoon  offered 
several  options:  another  walking  tour;  a  ses- 


sion for  parents,  led  by  McGinty  and  Koten 
that  explored  the  role  of  parents  in  the 
admissions  process;  and  a  session,  led  by 
admissions  director  Guttentag  and  senior 
associate  director  Nancy  Donehower,  on 
admission  to  Duke. 

All  alumni  are  encouraged  to  submit  the 
names  and  birth  dates  of  their  children  to 
get  on  the  mailing  list  for  future  forums. 
Notify  Alumni  Records,  614  Chapel  Drive 
Annex,  Durham,  N.C.  27706. 


MEANING 


Williamsburg,  Virginia 


g,Virgi 


Duke  Alumni  College 


Why  am  I  here?  Where  am  I  going? 
What  is  the  purpose  of  life? 

Join  us  as  we  confront  life's  ultimate  ques- 
tions head-on  and  discover  how  to  search  for 
answers  to  them.  Spend  a  weekend  discussing 
the  search  for  meaning  in  life  with: 

Gail  Sheehy,  noted  social  commentator 
and  author  of  the  landmark  book,  Passages 

Thomas  Naylor,  Professor  of  Economics, 
Duke  University 

William  Willimon,  Dean  of  the  Chapel, 
Duke  University 

Magdalena  Naylor,  Medical  Director 
of  the  Women's  Program, 
Psychiatric  Institute  of  Richmond 

William  Sachs,  Senior  Assistant  Rector, 
St.  Stephen's  Episcopal  Church,  Richmond 

For  more  information,  contact 
Deborah  Weiss  Fowlkes  78 
Director,  Alumni  Continuing  Education 
919  684-5114  or  800  FOR-DUKE 


Sponsored  by 

The  Duke  University 

Office  of  Alumni  Affairs 


DAA  BOARD 
BRIEFING 


eeting  at  the  end  of  May,  the 
board  of  directors  of  the  Duke 
Alumni  Association  (DAA)  re- 
ported on  the  success  of  past  initiatives 
and  the  beginning  of  a  long-range  planning 
effort  involving  board  members  and  Alumni 
Affairs  staff.  John  Graham,  director  of  the 
university's  planning  office,  will  work  with 
the  executive  committee,  the  staff,  and  the 
full  board  over  a  year's  time  on  the  project. 

Standing  committees  met  on  Friday  and 
reported  to  the  full  board  on  Saturday  after- 
noon. President-elect  Edward  M.  Hanson 
Jr.  '73,  A.M.  '77,  J.D.  '77,  Finance  Com- 
mittee chair,  reported  that  most  income 
and  expense  areas  were  in  line  with  budget 
and  that  more  than  $300,000  had  been 
received  this  year  in  lifetime  membership 
payments. 

Laurie  Eisenberg  May  '71,  who  chairs 
the  Alumni  Admissions/Endowed  Scholar- 
ship Committee,  reported  that  nearly 
10,000  applicants  for  admission  to  the  Class 
of  '96  were  interviewed  by  the  Alumni  Ad- 
missions Advisory  Committees,  and  that 
there  was  a  small  decline  in  the  number  of 
alumni  children  in  the  applicant  pool. 

Clubs  Committee  chair  James  D.  War- 
ren '79  reported  on  the  culmination  of  two 
years'  work  on  a  number  of  initiatives, 
including  "road  shows,"  half-day,  continu- 
ing education  seminars  in  selected  cities;  a 
national  event  day  on  October  31,  when 
all  clubs  will  engage  in  community  service 
projects;  and  an  "Adopt-A-Student"  pro- 
gram, with  club  members  communicating 
with  current  Duke  students  from  their  par- 
ticular cities. 

The  Continuing  Education  and  Travel 
Committee,  chaired  by  C.  William  Crain 
'63,  reported  progress  in  both  areas.  The 
travel  program's  educational  component 
continues  to  grow,  with  other  campus 
offices  looking  to  the  Alumni  Affairs-run 
program  as  their  outlet  for  planning  and 
management.  Two  alumni  college  pro- 
grams, July's  "The  Arts  of  the  Southwest" 
in  Santa  Fe  and  October's  "The  Meaning 
of  Life"  in  Williamsburg,  have  had  excel- 
lent responses.  "Road  show"  topics  in 
1992-93  will  be  post-Cold  War  interna- 
tional relations,  the  1992  election,  and  the 
environment. 

Ross  Harris  '78,  M.B.A.  '80,  who  chairs 
the  Member  Benefits  and  Services  Com- 
mittee, reported  that  SkillSearch,  a  job- 
match  service,  has  1,200  alumni  and  more 
than  eighty  Duke-affiliated  companies  en- 
rolled. The  committee  continues  to  exam- 
ine a  telephone  affinity-card  program  and 
insurance  offerings  for  alumni. 

Page  H.  Ives  B.S.E.  '84,  who  chairs  the 


Reunions  Committee,  reported  a  28  percent 
increase  in  1991  reunion  attendance.  A 
leadership  conference,  sponsored  by  DAA 
and  the  development  office,  was  held  in 
May  for  classes  holding  reunions  in  1993. 
Duke  University  Black  Alumni  Connection 
(DUBAC)  will  hold  its  biennial  reunion 


at  Homecoming  '92. 

After  hearing  from  John  Graham  on 
long-range  planning,  the  board  approved  the 
effort  for  1992-93.  DAA  President  James  R. 
Ladd  '64  presented  gifts  to  board  members 
whose  terms  expired  June  30:  J.  Porter 
Durham  Jr.  '82,  J.D.  85;  John  E.  Feather- 


ston  Jr.  '83;  Robert  A.  Garda  B.S.E.E.  '61; 
Nancy  Jo  Kimmerle  '64;  Bruce  G.  Leonard 
B.S.C.E.  '61;  and  Marjorie  Bloomhardt 
Stockton  M.E.M.  '85.  Ladd  then  turned 
the  gavel  over  to  the  new  DAA  president, 
Ed  Hanson. 


CLASS 
NOTES 


WRITE:  Class  Notes  Editor,  Duke  Magazine, 
614  Chapel  Drive,  Durham,  N.C.  27706 

FAX:  (919)  684-0222  (typed  only  please) 


CHANGE  OF  ADDRESS:  Alumni  Records, 
614  Chapel  Drive  Annex,  Durham,  N.C.  27706. 
Please  include  mailing  label  and  allow  six  weeks. 


NOTICE:  Because  of  the  volume  of 
class  note  material  we  receive  and  the 
long  lead  time  required  for  typesetting, 
design,  and  printing,  your  submission 
may  not  appear  for  three  to  four  issues. 
Alumni  are  urged  to  include  spouses' 
names  in  marriage  and  birth  announce- 
ments. We  do  not  record  engagements. 


20s,  30s  &  40s 


T.  Rupert  Coleman  '28,  A.M.  '30,  B.D.  '31  was 
included  in  the  1992  edition  of  Who's  Who  in  America 
in  religion.  He  is  a  minister  with  the  Southern  Baptist 
Conv 


Harold  B.  Wright  Jr.  33,  a  retired  r 

earned  his  M.Div.  from  Drew  University.  He  and  his 

wife,  Blanche,  live  in  Ft.  Myers,  Fla. 

Virginia  Jones  Harper  '38  is  the  author  of 
Time  Steals  Softly,  a  historical  novel  about  West  Vir- 
ginia's Ohio  Valley  frontier  before  the  Civil  War, 
issued  by  Dorrance  Publishing,  Inc.  She  lives  in  Van- 
couver, B.C.,  Canada. 

Paul  F.  Ader  '40  is  the  author  of  Designs  and  Other 
Verses,  his  first  book  of  poetry,  published  by  Pentland 
Press.  He  and  his  wife,  Cicely,  live  in  San  Antonio, 
Texas. 

Eugene  G.  Wilson  '40,  who  has  retired  from 
AT&T,  lives  in  Winston-Salem,  N.C,  with  his  wife, 
Lelia  Parker  Wilson  54 


A.  Hayes  M.Ed.  '41  is  the  author  of  Bal- 
loon Digest,  the  first  comprehensive  manual  on  hot-air 
ballooning.  He  lives  in  Santa  Barbara,  Calif. 

Charles  H.  "Chuck"  Holley  B.S.M.E  '41  is  a 

retired  manager  for  General  Electric.  He  and  his  wife, 
Winnie,  have  four  children  and  live  in  Sarasota,  Ha. 


r.  Kozlowski  A.M.  '41,  Ph.D.  '47 
was  awarded  an  honorary  doctorate  in  June  from  the 
Agricultural  University  of  Poman  in  Poland.  He  is 
a  professor  in  the  biological  science  department  at 
UC-Santa  Barbara. 

Kenneth  L.  Carroll  '46,  B.D.  '49,  Ph.D.  '53  has 
been  named  president  of  the  Society  of  Friends' 
American  and  British  historical  associations.  He  is 


history  professor  emeritus  at  Haverford  College  and 
religious  studies  professor  emeritus  at  Southern 
Methodist  University.  He  lives  in  Easton,  Pa. 

Noble  E.  Cunningham  Jr.  A.M.  '49,  Ph.D.  '52, 
a  history  professor  at  the  University  of  Missouri- 
Columbia,  is  the  author  of  Popular  Images  of  the  Presi- 
dency: From  Washington  to  Lincoln,  published  by  the 
University  of  Missouri  Press. 


Everett  H.  Emerson  A.M.  '49  has  been  named 
an  Alumni  Distinguished  Professor  at  UNC-Chapel 
Hill.  An  American  literature  specialist,  he  is  co- 
founder  of  the  Mark  Twain  Circle  of  America.  He 
and  his  wife,  Katherine  Terrell  Emerson  '48, 
A.M. '49  live  in  Chapel  Hill. 

Howard  A.  Scarrow  '49,  Ph.D.  '54  participated 
in  the  third  annual  Presidential  Conference,  a  day- 
long panel  discussion  on  "The  Road  to  the  White 
House,  1952-1992."  He  is  a  political  science  professor 
at  the  State  University  of  New  York  at  Stonybrook. 


50s 


V.  Nelle  Bellamy  A.M.  '50,  Ph.D.  '52  was 
awarded  an  honorary  degree  at  the  Episcopal  Theo- 
logical Seminary  of  the  Southwest's  May  commence- 
ment. She  was  praised  as  an  "archivist,  historian, 
scholar,  and  faithful  leader  in  the  Episcopal  church." 
After  retiring  this  summer  after  33  years  as  a  church 
archivist,  she  moved  to  Johnson  City,  Texas. 

Albert  F.  D'Alonzo  '50,  cardiology  chair  of  the 
Philadelphia  College  of  Osteopathic  Medicine,  has 
been  elected  a  fellow  of  the  American  College  of 
Cardiology. 

Lawrence  O.  Karl  Jr.  '50,  who  retired  as  vice 
president  of  Metro  News  Service,  lives  with  his  wife, 
Judy,  in  Yantis,  Texas. 

Jack  F.  Matlock  '50,  the  former  U.S.  ambassador 
to  the  Soviet  Union,  was  commencement  speaker  at 
Greensboro  College  in  May.  His  address,  "Changes  in 


ITTAKESA 

BrushTD  Capture  A 
WOmm's  Softness. 


Getting  a  portrait  this  delicate 
doesn't  have  to  be  difficult. 

Portraits  South  now  represents 
nearly  100  renowned  artists,  and 
our  unique  services  can  help 
match  you  with  the  one  who  best 
suits  your  style  and  budget. 

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Call  Grayson  Waldrop  ReVille.  Class  of  61. 


the  World — Challenges  for  Us  All,"  was  on  the  after- 
math of  the  Cold  War. 

George  B.  Oliver  A.M.  '50,  Ph.D.  '59,  the  I.N. 
Vaughan  Professor  of  History  at  Randolph-Macon 
College,  received  the  college's  Distinguished  Faculty 
Service  Award.  His  wife,  Cornelia  Davidson 
Oliver  A.M.  '5 1 ,  is  an  art  professor  at  Mary  Wash- 
ington College.  They  live  in  Fredericksburg,  Va. 

David  K.  Scarborough  '50  retired  last  June  as 
vice  president  for  student  affairs  at  Washington  and 
Jefferson  College,  which  honored  him ; 
dinner  in  December  for  his  36  years  a 
coach  and  administrator  and  awarded  him  an  hon- 
orary degree  in  May. 


D.  Rhodes  Ph.D.  '51  received  a  Distin- 
guished Alumni  Award  at  the  Louisville  Seminary's 
commencement  in  May.  He  was  a  religion  professor  at 
Davidson  College  from  1960  until  his  retirement.  He 
was  a  pastor  at  churches  in  West  Virginia,  North 
Carolina,  and  Tennessee.  He  and  his  wife,  Ethel,  have 
three  children  and  live  in  Davidson,  N.C 


H.  Abernathy  Jr.  '56,  L  '59  is  national 
president  of  the  Phi  Delta  Theta  fraternity  for  1992.  He 
is  president  of  Abernathy  and  Co.,  PC,  in  Richmond. 

Martin  M.  Rose  '56  is  owner  and  president  of  the 
All  Trades  Container  Corp.  He  and  his  wife,  Lucy, 
have  two  daughters  and  live  in  Beverly  Hills,  Calif. 

Kathleen  Thomas  Buckner  B.S.N.  '57  is  the 
1991  El  Camino  club  champion,  the  1991  California 
State  Seniors  Golf  Tournament  low  gross  champion, 
and  the  1992  3 1st  Annual  Military  Dependents  Golf 
Tournament  champion.  She  is  a  school  nurse  for  the 
Oceanside  unified  school  system. 

David  McCahan  '57,  who  retired  from  IBM  after 
33  years  in  marketing,  is  an  independent  management 


and  litigation  consultant  represented  by  the  Delphi 
Group  of  Greenwich,  Conn.  His  wife,  Ruth  Davis 
McCahan  '57,  is  training  manager  for  Transamer- 
ica  Real  Estate  Tax  Service  Co.  in  San  Francisco. 
They  live  in  Lafayette,  Calif. 


60s 


Floyd  A.  "Bunny"  Bell  Jr.  '60  is  marketing 
director  for  Colonial  Life  in  Greensboro,  N.C,  where 
he  and  his  wife,  Nancy,  live. 

Ralph  E.  Luker  '62  won  the  Kenneth  Scott 
Latourette  Prize  at  the  Conference  on  Faith  and  His- 
tory for  his  book  The  Social  Gospel  in  Black  and  White: 
American  Racial  Reform,  1885-1 91 2,  published  by  UNC 
Press.  He  is  associate  editor  on  the  Martin  Luther 
King  Jr.  Papers  Project  and  an  associate  professor  of 
history  at  Antioch  College.  He  and  his  wife,  Jean, 
have  one  daughter  and  live  in  Yellow  Springs,  Ohio. 

Frances  S.  Hitchcock  '63  is  a  rental  agent  for 
Compass  Real  Estate  in  Wellfleet,  Mass.  She  and  her 
husband,  John  E.  Geehr  '63,  live  in  Morristown, 
N.J. 

Douglas  M.  Lawson  Ph.D.  '63  is  the  author  of 
Give  To  Live,  which  explores  the  benefits  of  philan- 
thropy and  is  published  by  Alti.  He  and  his  wife,  Bar- 
bara, live  in  New  York  City. 

Jackson  F.  Lee  Jr.  '65,  M.A.T.  '68,  Ed.D.  72,  a 
professor  of  education,  is  Francis  Marion  College 
Distinguished  Professor  for  1991-92. 

Donald  K.  Covington  III  '66  is  a  U.S.  Navy  cap- 
tain serving  with  Tactical  Training  Group  in  San  Diego. 


William  F.  Drew  Jr.  '66,  a  partner  with  the  law 
firm  Kennedy  Covington  Lodbell  &  Hickman,  received 
the  1992  Boss  of  the  Year  award  from  the  Charlotte 
Legal  Secretaries  Association.  He  was  nominated  by 
his  secretary/a 


Todd  Lieber  '66  received  the  1992  Distinguished 
Research  Award  from  Simpson  College.  He  lives  in 
Indianola,  Iowa. 


A.  Zimmer  '66  is  a  stockbroker  with 
Shearson  Lehman  in  Los  Angeles. 

Michael  E.  Burke  A.M.  '67,  Ph.D.  '71  is  the 
author  of  Trie  Companion  Guide  to  Mexico,  published 
by  Hippocrene  Books  Inc.  A  professor  of  history  at 
Villanova,  he  lives  in  Havertown,  Pa. 

Elaine  Chapman  B.D.  '67  received  the  Harry  Joy 
Dunbaugh  Distinguished  Professor  Award  from  Illi- 
nois College  in  Jacksonville,  111.  She  teaches 
anatomy,  physiology,  histology,  and  bioethics. 

Kenneth  D.  Hall  Ed.D.  '67,  the  Matawan- 
Aberdeen  regional  school  superintendent,  received 
the  N.J.  Association  of  School  Administrators  Distin- 
guished Service  Award.  He  lives  in  Point  Pleasant,  N.J. 

David  J.  Hunt  '68  is  a  U.S.  Air  Force  colonel  and 
defense  attache  at  the  American  embassy  in  Bolivia. 
He  and  his  wife,  Melinda  Mallahan  Hunt  '67, 
have  four  children  and  live  in  La  Paz,  Bolivia. 


M.  McCarter  '68,  manager  of  public 
relations  fot  the  Institute  of  Electrical  and  Electronics 
Engineers  (IEEE)  in  Washington,  D.C.,  received  a 
Golden  World  Trophy  from  the  International  Public 
Relations  Association. 

Nancy  L.  Cardwell  '69  is  the  editor  of  Habitat 
World,  the  publication  of  Habitat  for  Humanity  Inter- 
national. A  member  of  Duke  Magazine's  Editorial 
Advisory  Board,  she  lives  in  Americus,  Ga. 


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Steve  Lindberg  '69  is  a  fellow  of  the  Ai 
Association  fot  the  Advancement  of  Sciences.  He  lives 
in  Kingston,  Tenn.,  with  his  wite,  Kay,  and  daughter, 
Kristina. 


'69,  Ph.D.  '83  is  associate  dean 
at  Duke's  School  of  the  Environment,  effective  in 
September.  He  was  science  consultant  on  the  U.S. 
House  of  Representatives  Committee  on  Science, 
Space,  and  Technology,  specifically  working  for  U.S. 
Congressman  Tim  Valentine  of  North  Carolina.  His 
wife,  Linda  Tall  Sigmon  '69,  M.Ed.  '80,  is  associ- 
ate director  of  external  affairs  for  the  University  of 
Virginia's  Darden  School  of  Business. 


70s 


John  R.  Sanders  70,  a  Navy  captain,  is  serving 
in  the  Mediterranean  aboard  the  aircraft  carrier  USS 
Saratoga.  He  was  awarded  the  Distinguished  Flying 
Cross,  the  Bronze  Star,  and  the  Air  Medal  for 
achievement  during  Operations  Desert  Shield  and 
Desert  Storm. 

John  C.  Warren  70  is  senior  vice  president  and 
senior  counsel  at  Wachovia  Bank  in  Winston-Salem, 
N.C. 

Ward  M.  Cates  71,  Ed.D.  79  is  an  associate  pro- 
fessor of  instructional  design  and  software  develop- 
ment at  Lehigh  University.  He  is  also  chief  instruc- 
tional designer  for  The  Civil  War  Interactive  Project, 
based  on  the  PBS  film  series  The  Civil  War.  He  and 
his  wife,  Anne,  have  one  daughter  and  live  in  Center 
Valley,  Pa. 

Robert  E.  Ansley  Jr.  72  is  president  of  the 
Orlando  Neighborhood  Improvement  Corp.,  a  non- 
profit developer  of  affordable  housing  in  Central 
Florida.  From  1987-1991,  he  was  Orlando's  chief  of 
housing  and  economic  development  as  well  as  execu- 
tive director  of  the  Corporation. 

Leslie  Kathleen  Hawkins  72,  who  earned 
her  Ph.D.  in  English  literature  at  UNC-Chapel  Hill 
in  1991,  is  an  assistant  professor  at  Cornell  College  in 
Mt.  Vernon,  Iowa.  She  and  her  husband,  Clifford 
Alan  Rappaport  72,  have  two  daughters  and  live 
in  Mt.  Vernon. 

Charles  I.  Bunn  73  is  a  certified  public  accoun- 
tant and  fraud  examiner  with  Wilson  &  Bunn  in 
Smithfield,  N.C.  In  April,  he  delivered  a  lecture, 
"Employee  Theft:  A  Matter  of  Crime,"  at  the  N.C. 
Cettified  Fraud  Examiners  Conference  meeting. 


73  was  awarded  $196,000  by  the 
National  Science  Foundation  to  support  research  on 
"Peroxide  Metabolism  in  Legume  Root  Nodules."  He 
:  professor  of  biology  at  Reed  College. 


Steven  R.  Miller  73  had  a  one-man  exhibition  of 
his  latest  work  open  in  May  at  Art  Aspects  Gallery  in 
Charlotte,  N.C. 

Lawrence  T.  Loeser  74  is  president  and  chief 
executive  officer  of  Biltmore  Investors  Bank  of  Lake 
Forest,  111.  He  and  his  wife,  Beverly,  have  two  sons 
and  live  in  Evanston,  111. 


J.  Neuharth  II  75,  who  earned  his  Ph.D. 
in  clinical  psychology  from  the  Calif.  School  of  Pro- 
fessional Psychology,  is  a  marriage  and  family  thera- 
pist. He  lives  in  San  Anselmo,  Calif. 


DevitO  76  has  joined  Children's 
Orthopaedics  of  Atlanta,  PC.  He  and  his  wife,  Niki, 
and  their  four  children  live  in  Alpharetta,  Ga. 

Alvin  O.  Jackson  M.Div.  76  is  senior  pastor  for 
the  largest  Disciples  of  Christ  church  in  North  Amer- 


WORTHWHILE  WORK 


On  his  jacket 
lapel,  Benjamin 
S.  H.  Harris  III 
'60  sports  a  tiny  turtle 
pin.  "I've  always  ad- 
mired turtles,"  he  ex- 
plains. "They  get  it 
done.  They  may  not 
get  it  done  quickly,  but 
they  get  it  done  well." 

While  Harris  is  refer- 
ring to  the  reptiles'  sim- 
ple rhythms  of  life,  it's 
an  apt  analogy  to  Har- 
ris' own  work.  As  assis- 
tant research  director 
of  Research  Triangle 
Institute's  center  for 
epidemiologic 
and  medical 
studies,  Harris 
runs  investiga- 
tions that 

require  careful,         -j 
methodical  '(?' 

steps.  The 
results  of  his 
department's 
studies  may  not 
"solve"  a  prob- 
lem, but  they 
augment  and 
advance 
knowledge  of  health- 
related  crises. 

Research  Triangle 
Institute  (RTI), 
launched  in  1959  as  a 
collaborative  effort 
among  Duke,  the  Uni- 
versity of  North  Caro- 
lina-Chapel Hill,  and 
North  Carolina  State 
University,  was  the  in- 
augural research  orga- 
nization of  the  now- 
internationally  known 
Research  Triangle 
Park.  Harris  says  RTI's 
multidisciplinary  focus 
has  been  its  strength 
throughout  the  last 
three  decades. 


Gathering  research:  Harris ,  far  right,  U'ith  hospital 
staff  in  Changuinola,  Panama;  Guaymi  Indian  boy 

yields  blood  sample  for  study,  inset 


"The  institute's 
broad  base  of  capabili- 
ties has  given  us  an 
advantage  over  our 
competitors,"  says  Har- 
ris. "As  federal  pro- 
grams have  shifted 
their  emphasis  from 
one  area  to  another, 
we've  been  able  to 
keep  up  with  the 
changes,  because  we 
have  both  social  sci- 
ence and  physical  sci- 
ence resources." 

Once  his  office  has 
been  awarded  a  con- 
tract to  conduct  a  spe- 
cific research  project, 
Harris  and  his  staff 


collect  data  that  are 
then  analyzed  by  agen- 
cies such  as  the  Cen- 
ters for  Disease  Control 
or  the  National  Cancer 
Institute. 

A  recent  trip  took 
Harris  to  Nigeria  to 
observe  the  collection 
of  blood  samples  from 
prostitutes  to  deter- 
mine HIV  infection 
rates;  he's  also  been  to 
Panama  to  plan  for  a 
study  of  retroviruses  in 
a  native  Indian  popula- 
tion. "We're  trying  to 
determine  where  the 
virus  came  from;  it's 
almost  a  kind  of  medi- 
cal geography." 

A  zoology  major, 
Harris  entered  Duke 
Medical  School,  but 
left  before  he  earned 
his  M.D.  degree.  He 
went  to  work  for  RTI 


in  1964  and,  except  for 
a  two-year  stint  at  a 
small  business  in 
Durham,  has  been 
there  ever  since.  In 
1983,  Harris  opened 
RTI's  Washington, 
D.C.,  office  with  one 
assistant;  the  depart- 
ment now  has  seven- 
teen staff  members 
there,  seven  in  a  Mary- 
land satellite  office, 
and  one  in  London. 

"I've  had  the  oppor- 
tunity to  be  involved  in 
projects  in  which  I  have 
a  personal  interest," 
says  Harris,  whose 
AIDS  studies  have 
assumed  particular  rele- 
vance with  the  loss  of 
neighbors  and  friends 
to  the  disease.  "It's  nice 
to  go  to  sleep  at  night 
knowing  that  what  you 
do  is  worthwhile." 


ica,  the  6,000-member  Mississippi  Boulevard  Chris- 
tian Church,  in  Memphis,  Tenn. 


"Lari"  Martinez  76  is  El  Salvador's 
senior  desk  officer  at  the  State  Department  in  Wash- 
ington, D.C. 

Richard  Lennox  Specker  Jr.  76  is  senior 
vice  president  at  NationsBank  Leasing  Corp.  in  Char 
lotte.  He  joined  NationsBank  in  1983,  when  it  was 
NCNB. 


James  R.  Gavin  III  M.D. 

for  the  American  Diabetes  A 


i  president-elect 


Samuel  S.  Hook  M.Div.  77  is  vice  president  for 
development  at  Centenary  College  in  Shreveport, 
La.,  where  he  and  his  wife,  Annette,  live. 

Michael  Marsicano  77,  M.Ed.  78,  Ph.D.  '82 

was  elected  chait  of  the  National  Association  of  Local 
Arts  Agencies'  board  of  directors.  He  is  president  and 
chief  executive  officer  of  the  Charlotte-Mecklenburg 
Arts  &  Sciences  Council. 


Gerald  Corwin  Stoppel  M.Div.  77  is  president 
of  the  Saugatuck-Douglas  Ministerial  Association.  He 
has  been  rector  of  All  Saints  Episcopal  Church  in 
Saugatuck,  Mich.,  and  vice-dean  of  the  Lakeshore 
Deanery  in  the  Diocese  of  Western  Michigan. 

Quan  T.  Doan  78  is  principal  systems  analyst  for 
the  Royal  Commission  for  Jubail  and  Yanbu  on  the 
Red  Sea.  He  and  his  wife,  Leonila,  have  a  daughter 
and  live  in  Saudi  Arabia. 


E.  McConnell  B.S.E.  78  was  appointed 
associate  professor  of  pediatrics  (cardiology)  at  East 
Carolina  School  of  Medicine  in  Greenville,  N.C.  He 
and  his  wife,  Bea,  who  is  also  on  the  pediatrics  faculty 
at  ECU,  have  two  children. 


ihorr  78  is  an  assistant  professor  of  pre- 
ventive medicine  and  medicine  at  Vandetbilt  Univer- 
sity's medical  school.  He  and  his  wife,  Jean  Michelson, 
and  their  daughter  live  in  Nashville,  Tenn. 


Joshua  P.  Agrons  79  is  a  partner  in  the  law  firm 
Fulbright  &  Jaworski,  where  he  specializes  in  business 
and  commercial  law.  He  and  his  wife,  Laura 
Melohn  '79,  an  English  teacher,  have  a  son.  They 
live  in  Houston. 

Karen  Bluth  Gill  79  teaches  at  Colegio  Ameri- 
cano in  Quito,  Ecuador.  Her  husband,  John,  is  a  part- 
time  pastor.  They  have  one  daughter  and  live  in  Quito. 

J.  Daniel  Labs  79,  who  completed  a  fellowship 
at  Mass.  General  Hospital,  has  opened  a  private  prac- 
tice in  plastic  surgery  in  Naples,  Fla. 

Gray  McCalley  Jr.  J.D.  79  is  the  Coca-Cola 

Co.'s  division  counsel  for  the  Nordic  and  Northern 


Eurasia  division.  He  lives  in  Oslo,  Norway,  with  his 
wife,  Mary  Jo,  and  two  daughters. 

Laura  Melohn  79  is  a  part-time  English  instructor 
at  Houston  Community  College  and  a  local  theater 
reviewer.  She  and  her  husband,  attorney  Joshua 
P.  Agrons  79,  have  a  son.  They  live  in  Houston. 

MARRIAGES:  William  H.  Hayes  77  to  Colette 

Ratchford  on  May  23.  Residence:  Chapel  Hill. 

BIRTHS:  Second  child  and  son  to  Pete  Marco  71 

and  Joyce  Marco  on  March  10.  Named  Zachary 
Peter...  First  child  and  son  to  Ann  Gurtler 

Kimes  72  and  Wes  Kimes  on  Oct.  29,  1991. 
Named  Scott  Wesley. . .  Third  child  and  daughter  to 


a  Time  of 

Reflection 

for  Active  Women 


You're  interested  in  spending  time  with  faculty  and  students,  and 
you're  intrigued  by  some  new  scholarship  on  women  You'd 
like  to  know  more— deepen  your  understanding  of  our 
society  andyour  position  as  a  womaninit.  You  wonder  where 
to  find  resources  and  colleagues  for  this  adventure. 

The  Women's  Studies  Institute,  a  new  academic  retreat 
planned  for  1993,  will  gather  alumnae,  parents,  friends, 
and  professional  school  women  for  classes  with  Duke 
faculty,  small  group  projects,  long  talks  and  walks  — 
heartening  fare  for  body,  mind,  and  spirit.  Could  this  be 
what  you're  looking  for? 

.WOMEN'S 

STUDIES     ,-,D 

AT    DUKE    UNIVERSITY 

May  5 -9, 1993 

Housing  at  the  Washington  Duke  Inn 
Classes  and  cultural  events  on  campus 

The  Women' s  Studies  Institute  is  cosponsored by 
The  Graduate  School  and  Duke  University  Alumni  Affairs. 


For  information,  contact: 

Nancy  Rosebaugh,  Women's  Studies  Institute  Coordinator, 

207  East  Duke  Building,  Durham  NC  27708 

919-684-5683 


.S.E.  '72  and  Suzanne  Doyle. 
Named  Emily  Ann  Saleeby. . .  Daughter  to  Joseph 
Cord  Bosch  '73  and  Nancy  Bosch  on  Aug.  2, 
1991.  Named  Allison  Carolyn. . .  Second  child  and 
first  son  to  Fredrika  C.  Simmons  75  and 
Swen  C.  Soderstrom  Jr.  B.S.M.E.  '75  on 
April  24-  Named  Spencer  Cameron  Soderstrom. . . 
Second  child  and  son  to  Lori  Ann  Haubenstock 
Brass  '76  and  Lawrence  M.  Brass  on  Feb.  14. 
Named  Schuyler  Chapin. . .  Second  child  and  first 
daughter  to  Catherine  Caudle  Gilberg  '76  and 
Howard  L.  Gilberg  on  Feb.  21.  Named  Sarah  Eliza- 
beth. . .  Third  child  and  first  son  to  Carol  Blanton 
Lutken  '76  and  Thomas  Curry  Lutken  on  April  21. 
Named  Thomas  Christian. . .  Twins,  second  daughter 
and  first  son,  bom  to  Susan  Ruth  Beck-Davis 
B.S.N.  '77,  M.D.  '85  and  Clinton  Bertrand 
"Chip"  Davis  III  '77,  M.D.  '81.  Named  Rebecca 
Lane  and  Charles  Bertrand. . .  Second  son  to  Julie 
Remter  Fortin  B.S.N.  '77  and  Raymond  D.  Fortin 
on  Feb.  8.  Named  Charles  Thomas. . .  Second  child 
and  second  son  to  Betsy  Moore  DeCampo  '78 
and  Joseph  D.  DeCampo  on  Jan.  30.  Named  Luke 
Moore. . .  Fourth  child  and  son  to  John  R.  Herbert 
'78  and  Lynne  Herbert  on  May  4.  Named  Sean. . . 
First  child  and  daughter  to  Quan  T.  Doan  '78  and 
Leonila  Doan  on  Dec.  18.  Named  Lorraine...  First 
child  and  daughter  to  Karen  Bluth  Gill  '79  and 
John  B.  Gill  on  April  17.  Named  MacKenzie  Belen... 
Second  child  and  daughter  to  Ronald  J.  Mandel 
'79  and  Marie  P.  Mandel  on  April  6.  Named  Grace 
Emily...  Third  child  and  daughter  to  Susan  Fried- 
land  May  '79  and  Darryl  J.  May  '78  on  March 
15.  Named  Julia  Elyce. . .  Second  child  and  first  son  to 
Melanie  Frishman  Moreno  M.H.A.  '79  and 
Rene  Moreno  on  May  10.  Named  Alexander  Bernard. . . 
Twins,  second  daughter  and  first  son,  to  Nancy 
Graves  Osborne  '79  and  Brian  Kenneth 
Osborne  on  Nov.  2.  Named  Mary  Kathleen  and 
Thomas  Kenneth. 


80s 


Brockton  R.  Ellwood  B.S.E.E.  '80  is  employed 
as  a  program  manager  for  the  plastics  industry  by  IBM. 
He  and  his  wife,  Maggie,  have  two  children  and  live 


Joel  Patten  '80  plays  professional  football  with 
the  Los  Angeles  Raiders.  He  and  his  wife,  Betsy,  have 
three  children  and  live  in  Manhattan  Beach,  Calif. 

Janet  Marie  Truhe  '80,  who  earned  her  J.D. 
from  the  University  of  Virginia,  is  a  partner  in  the  law 
firm  Bernstein,  Sakellaris  and  Ward  in  Baltimore.  She 
practices  civil  litigation  and  insurance  law. 

Richard  E.  Williams  B.S.M.E.  '80  is  a  marketing 
manager  with  Schlumberger  Overseas  S.A.  in  East 
Malaysia.  He  and  his  wife,  Mary  Jane,  and  their  son 
lived  in  The  Hague,  Netherlands,  before  moving  to 
East  Malaysia. 

Deborah  Ridley  Wilson  '80  teaches  elementary 
school  in  Columbia,  S.C.  She  and  her  husband,  Tom, 
have  a  daughter. 

Wayne  J.  Costley  '81,  M.B.A.  '83  is  managing 
director  for  human  resources  consulting  at  the  real 
estate  firm  Ferguson  Partners  Ltd.  in  Chicago. 

David  E.  Crittenden  M.B.A.  '81  is  the  founding 
owner  of  Crittenden  Advertising  in  Raleigh.  He  and 
his  wife,  Susan,  live  in  Cary. 

David  Marshall  Dolan  '81  is  associate  counsel 
for  corporate  affairs  with  Kimberly-Clark  in  Irving, 
Texas.  He  and  his  wife,  Mary  Louis  Dolan  '82, 
have  one  daughter  and  live  in  Dallas. 


Ann  Wood  Gregg  '81  graduated  cum  laude  from 
Temple  University's  School  of  Architecture.  She  and 
her  hushand,  Bill,  live  in  Wallingford,  Pa. 

Gerard  M.  Honore  A.M.  '81,  Ph.D.  '86,  who 
earned  his  M.D.  from  Wake  Forest's  Bowman  Gray 
School  of  Medicine  in  May,  has  a  house  officer  appoint- 
ment in  obstetrics/gynecology  at  Bowman  Gray/ 
Baptist  Hospital  Medical  Center  in  Winston-Salem. 

Mark  E.  Scheitlin  '81,  a  Navy  lieutenant  com- 
mander, is  serving  with  the  commander  ot  submarine 
forces  in  Pearl  Harbor,  Hawaii. 

Timothy  M.  Slevin  '81  is  a  vice  president  in  invest- 
ment banking  for  Parker/Huntet  Inc.  His  wife,  Karen 
Sartin  Slevin  '82,  is  development  coordinator  at 
Carlow  College.  They  have  one  son  and  live  in  Pitts- 
burgh, Pa. 

Leonard  Tachmes  '81  is  a  fellow  in  plastic  and 
reconstructive  surgery  at  the  University  of  Chicago 
hospitals. 


Ward  J.D.  'SI  is  vice  president,  coun- 
sel-sales and  marketing,  for  Showtime  Networks  Inc. 
He  and  his  wife,  Judy,  have  two  children  and  live  in 
Chappaqua,  N.Y. 

Stanley  P.  Barringer  Jr.  J.D.  '82  works  for 
Bristol-Myers  Squibb  Co.  in  Evansville,  Ind.  He  and 
his  wife,  Sharon,  have  three  sons  and  live  in  New- 
burgh,  Ind. 

Yvette  J.  Chocolaad  '82  is  a  legislative  assis- 
tant for  Federal  public  assistance  programs  with  the 
U.S.  House  Committee  on  Ways  and  Means.  She  and 
her  husband,  Robert  Zimmer,  have  two  daughters  and 
live  in  Mitchellville,  Md. 

R.  Steven  Ensor  '82  is  an  attorney  with  Alston 
&.  Bitd  in  Atlanta.  He  and  his  wife,  Cindy,  live  in 
Alpharetta,  Ga. 

Lisa  Smith  Gentleman  '82  is  a  litigation  asso- 
ciate with  the  law  firm  Shamberg,  Johnson,  Bergman 
&  Morris  in  Overland  Park,  Kan.  She  and  her  hus- 
band, Brooks,  live  in  the  Kansas  City  area. 


D.  Hickey  '82  is  assistant  general  coun- 
sel for  Fleet  Call,  Inc.,  a  nationwide  mobile  communi- 
cations company.  He  and  his  wife,  Isobel,  live  in 
Summit,  N.J. 


G.  Leitch  '82  is  deputy  assistant  attorney 
general  in  the  U.S.  Department  of  Justice's  Office  of 
Legal  Counsel.  He  and  his  wife,  Ellen,  have  three 
children  and  live  in  Arlington,  Va. 

Carolyn  A.  Thomas  '83  was  named  a  1992  Dis- 
tinguished Teacher  by  the  White  House  Commission 
on  Presidential  Scholars  and  honored  in  Washington, 
D.C.,  in  June.  She  teaches  English  at  John  Burroughs 
School  in  St.  Louis. 

Caroline  Wang  '83  is  a  Spencer  Dissertation  Year 
Fellow  in  Public  Health  at  the  University  of  Califor- 
nia at  Berkeley. 

Gail  Dunkel  Cawkwell  '84,  a  former  pediatrics 
resident  at  Duke,  is  a  rheumatology  fellow  at  Chil- 
dren's Hospital  Medical  Center  in  Cincinnati.  She 
and  her  husband,  Roger,  have  a  son  and  a  daughter 
and  live  in  Milford,  Ohio. 

C.  Scott  Clark  '84  is  completing  a  residency  in 
anesthesiology  in  Tucson,  Ariz.  After  a  six  month 
hiatus  for  travel,  he  will  be  staff  anesthesiologist  at 
Virginia  Mason  Hospital  in  Seattle,  Wash. 

D.  Hayes  Clement  III  '84,  who  earned  his 
M.B.A.  from  the  University  of  Virginia's  Darden 
School  in  May,  is  a  marketing  analyst  with  Petofi 
Printing  House,  Ltd.,  in  Szeged,  Hungary. 

Reginald  Lyon  '84  has  been  promoted  to  New 
York  district  manager  for  Schering-Plough  Health- 
Care  Products.  He  lives  in  Lawrenceville,  N.J. 


J.  West  Paul  '84,  who  earned  his  M.D.  and  Ph.D. 
from  East  Carolina  University  in  May,  is  a  research 
associate  and  project  team  leader  at  Hoechst-Roussel 
Pharmaceuticals,  Inc.,  in  Somerville,  N.J.  He  and  his 
wife,  Sheri,  live  in  Newtown,  Pa. 

Ally  son  Marie  Tucker  '84  is  manager  of  the 
Center  for  Educational  Policy  at  the  Heritage  Foun- 
dation, a  Washington,  D.C.,  think  tank. 

Alan  F.  Barksdale  '85  is  the  Libertarian  Party's 
nominee  for  the  U.S.  House  ot  Representatives  in 
Alabama's  Fifth  District.  He  is  a  senior  system  engi- 
neer with  Intergraph  Corp.  in  Huntsville,  Ala. 


Bratton  '85,  who  earned  her  M.B.A.  from 
the  University  of  Virginia's  Darden  School  in  May,  is 
an  associate  with  Dean  Witter  Reynolds  Inc.  in  New 
York  City. 


R.  Daniell  '85,  M.B.A.  '87  has  been  pro- 
moted to  product  manager,  footcare,  for  Schering- 
Plough  HealthCare  Products.  He  lives  in  Betkeley 
Heights,  N.J. 

Marilyn  Sanders  Jamison  '85  is  the  corporate 
production  planner  for  Mrs.  Smith's  Frozen  Foods. 
She  and  her  husband,  Leonard,  have  twin  sons  and 
live  in  King  of  Prussia,  Pa. 


1991        1992 

Another  Championship  Year 


On  and  off  the  court, 
1991-92  was  a 
championship  year  for 
Duke.  Because  of  your 
dues  suppoit,  the  Duke 
Alumni  Association 
has  enjoyed  success  as 
well.  Your  dues  dollars 
make  possible  a  wide 
range  of  alumni 
programs  and  services, 
such  as  clubs,  reunions, 
Duke  Magazine,  and 
student  scholarships. 


Life  Membership 

in  Duke  Alumni  Association 

Life  Membership  contributions  last  beyond 
the  lifetime  of  Alumni  Association  members; 
they  help  form  a  permanent  fund  for  future 
alumni  programming.  In  the  inaugural  year 
of  the  Life  Membership  program  last  year, 
more  than  650  alumni  joined. 

Join  now  through  June  30,  1993, 

and  become  a  charter  member. 

Benefits  include: 
'  Guaranteed  receipt  of  Duke  Magazine 
'  No  more  annual  dues  solicitations 
'  Payment  is  tax-deductible 
'  Charter  membership  certificate  and 

permanent  membership  card 
'  Eligible  for  corporate  matching  funds 

Join  now  to  be  eligible  for  a  life  membership 
drawing  to  be  held  Homecoming  week  in 
October.  The  Grand  Prize  is  a  Duke  Basket- 
ball Championship  Watch  made  by  Seiko. 


i    II 


Duke  Alumni  Association 


CUPPA  JOE 


If  you  think  coffee  is 
only  good  for  a 
morning  jolt,  think 
again.  Why  banish  the 
brew  to  being  a  ho- 
hum  habit  when  you 
could  be  enjoying 
Mahogany-Glazed 
Chicken,  Cappucino 
French  Toast,  or 
Lemon-Scented 
Espresso  Bars? 

"We  take  cooking 
with  wine  and  spirits 
for  granted,"  says  Carol 
Foster  '72,  "but  coffee 
has  similar  attributes 
such  as  body  and  acid- 
ity. Coffee  is  a  more 
potent  flavoring  agent 
and,  in  terms  of  calo- 
ries and  cost,  is  a  gas- 
tronomic bargain  com- 
pared to  wine." 

With  the  publication 
of  Cooking  With  Coffee 
(Simon  &  Schuster), 
Foster  aims  to  intro- 
duce the  average  palate 
to  some  intriguing  culi- 
nary uses  for  the  popu- 
lar beverage.  In  the 
cookbook's  introduc- 
tion, Foster  covers 
such  bean  basics  as 
what  to  look  for  in 
aroma,  acidity,  body, 
and  flavor.  There  are 
also  tips  about  the  best 
way  to  prepare  and 
store  coffee,  as  well  as 
information  on  various 
brewing  techniques. 

But  the  book's  big 
draws  are  the  seventy- 
five  recipes,  from  frosty 
shakes  to  subtle  mari- 
nades to  rich  desserts. 
Rather  than  require 


N^^:"\^itfii 

^*^%\ 

i 

_^^^^^L                r*g^> 

l 

What's  brewing:  Foster  in  her  kitchen,  where  cookbook  ideas  percolate 


exotic  and/or  expen- 
sive blends,  the  stan- 
dardized recipes  call  for 
readily  available  South 
American  dark  roast. 
Foster,  who  says  she 
drinks  three  or  four 
cups  a  day,  says  dark 
roasts  "tend  to  be  lively 
and  clean  in  flavor." 
Now  living  in  the 
Seattle  area,  where  cof- 
feeshops  and  espresso 
bars  are  as  plentiful  as 
rain,  Foster  writes  and 
teaches  about  food.  She 
credits  her  restaurateur 
husband,  Warren  Elbert, 
with  introducing  her  to 
the  fine  points  of  food 


and  wine.  "At  Duke,  I 
literally  had  a  hot  dog 
and  yogurt  for  dinner 
every  night.  I  couldn't 
cook  a  thing.  When  we 
married,  he  didn't  hover 
in  the  kitchen,  which 
allowed  me  to  make 
mistakes  and  be  creative 
and  learn  as  I  went." 

Ironically,  since 
Simon  &  Schuster  pub- 
lished Cooking  With 
Coffee  this  year,  Foster 
has  been  so  busy  with 
book  signings  and  pub- 
licity stops  that  she's 
rarely  in  the  kitchen. 

Another  "downside" 
to  being  an  epicurean 


couple  is  that  friends 
are  intimidated  by  the 
thought  of  inviting 
them  over  for  meals. 

"It's  terrible,"  Foster 
says.  "When  we  moved 
here,  Warren  and  I 
jokingly  considered 
not  telling  anyone  he 
was  a  restaurateur  and 
I  was  a  cookbook 
writer.  They  don't  real- 
ize that  since  I  do  all 
this  complicated  cook- 
ing [for  testing  recipes], 
we  would  just  as  soon 
have  a  hamburger." 


Espresso  Granita  With  Cream        \ 

Granita,  an  Italian  cafe  staple,  is  a  coarse-grained  ice  that 
dissolves  slowly  in  the  mouth.  For  variety,  add  rum,  brandy, 
or  vanilla  extract  to  the  ice  before  freezing. 

1/2  cup  sugar 

1  cup  water 

2  cups  brewed  espresso  or  double-strength  dark 
roast  coffee 

1  cup  cream,  whipped  (optional) 

1 )  Stir  the  sugar  and  water  in  a  heavy  small 
saucepan  over  low  heat  until  the  sugar  dissolves. 
Simmer  without  stirring  for  five  minutes. 

2 )  Remove  from  heat  and  stir  in  the  espresso.  Pour 
into  a  shallow  freezer  tray.  Cool  to  room  temper- 
ature and  place  in  freezer  for  thirty  minutes. 

3 )  Remove  from  freezer  and  blend  the  ice  from  the 
edges  of  the  container  into  the  soft  portion  of 
the  mixture.  Repeat  every  thirty  minutes  for 
three  or  four  hours  or  until  the  granita  is  slightly 
creamy. 

4)  To  serve,  spoon  the  granita  into  stemmed  wine 
or  parfait  glasses  and  top  each  with  a  spoonful  of  whipped 
cream,  if  desired. 

— Reprinted  with  permission,  Cooking  With  Coffee 


Wendy  Krupnik  Melnick  '85  is  a  senior  product 
manager  in  marketing  for  Avon  Products.  She  and 
her  husband,  Andrew,  live  in  New  York  City. 

Lynn  Rosner  Rauch  '85  is  an  associate  with  the 
law  firm  Dilworth,  Paxson,  Kalish  &  Kauffman.  She 
earned  her  J.D.  from  the  University  of  Pennsylvania 
Law  School  in  1988.  She  and  her  husband,  Mark,  live 
in  Bala  Cynwyd,  Pa. 

Melissa  Yoder  Ricks  '85  is  a  marketing  special- 
ist in  dining  and  special  events  at  Duke.  Her  husband, 
Thomas  Wayne  Ricks  '93,  works  for  the 
Durham  City/County  Planning  Department.  They 
live  in  Durham. 

Terry  A.  Robinson  M.Div.  '85,  a  Marine  lieu- 
tenant, was  awarded  the  Navy  Commendation  Medal. 
He  is  assigned  at  Naval  Hospital  in  Portsmouth,  Va. 

Reed  Super  '85  earned  his  M.B.A.  in  May  from 
the  University  of  Virginia's  Darden  School  and  a  J.D. 
from  its  law  school. 

David  Brodfeld  Agatston  B.S.E.  '86,  who 
earned  an  M.B.A.  from  the  University  of  Virginia's 
Darden  School  in  May,  is  a  senior  consultant  with 
Deloitte  &  Touche  in  Washington,  D.C. 

Jeffrey  Baer  '86,  who  graduated  from  Columbia 
Business  School  in  May,  works  for  A.T.  Kearney,  Inc., 
a  New  York-based  global  financial  services  manage- 
ment consulting  practice.  He  and  his  wife,  Denise, 
live  in  Larchmont,  N.Y. 

Christopher  Lord  Brookfield  '86,  who  earned 
his  M.B.A.  from  the  University  of  Virginia's  Darden 
School  in  May,  works  for  AMF  Bowling,  Inc. 

Cora  Gey  ling  Connelly  '86  works  with  autistic 
children  as  a  special  education  teacher  in  the  Mont- 
gomery County,  Md.,  public  school  system.  She  and 
her  husband,  Brian,  live  in  Greenbelt,  Md. 

Domagoj  Coric  '86,  a  medical  student  at  Wake 
Forest's  Bowman  Gray  School  of  Medicine,  has  been 
elected  to  membership  in  Alpha  Omega  Alpha,  the 
national  medical  honor  society. 

Adam  David  Keonigsberg  '86  earned  his 
M.D.  from  Case  Western  Reserve's  medical  school  in 
May  1992.  After  a  year's  internship  at  the  Cleveland 
Clinic  Foundation,  he  will  do  his  ophthalmology 
residency  at  the  Louisiana  State  University  Eye  Cen- 
ter in  New  Orleans. 

Karen  Magid  '86,  who  earned  her  M.B.A.  at 
Columbia  University,  works  in  global  markets  at 
Bankers  Trust  Co.  Her  husband,  Frederic 
Resnick  B.S.E.E.  '87,  is  a  student  at  the  Mt.  Sinai 
School  of  Medicine.  They  live  in  New  York  City. 

Ann  M.  Smith  '86  presented  her  M.D.  thesis  at 
Yale  University's  Student  Research  Day  in  May. 

Lisa  Deitsch  Taylor  A.M.  '86,  J.D.  '86  made  a 
presentation  at  "The  Physician's  Survival  Guide,"  a 
seminar  for  doctors,  managers,  and  attorneys  in  the 
health  care  field.  She  specializes  in  health  care  coun- 
seling for  the  law  firm  Shanley  &  Fisher  in  Monis- 
town,  N.J.  She  and  her  husband,  Lindsey,  live  in  Liv- 
ingstown,  N.J. 

Mary  C.  Bledsoe  '87,  who  earned  her  M.D.  at 
Wake  Forest's  Bowman  Gray  School  of  Medicine  in 
May,  is  doing  a  pediatrics  residency  at  the  University 
of  Colorado's  medical  school  in  Denver. 

Christopher  C.  Brooks  '87  is  a  manager  with 

Anderson  Consulting.  He  and  his  wife,  Jill  Black- 
burn Brooks  '88,  a  medical  resident  at  the  Medi- 
cal Center  of  Delaware,  live  in  Wilmington. 

Angela  M.  Claybrooks  '87  earned  an  M.B.A. 
from  the  University  of  Virginia's  Darden  School  in 
May. 


i  T.  Ladocsi  M.D.  '87  is  a  general  surgery 
resident  at  St.  Barnabas  Medical  Center  in  Livingston, 
N.J.  He  and  his  wife,  Julie,  live  in  Maplewood,  N.J. 

Darin  E.  Olson  B.S.E.  '87  is  a  student  at  Boston 
University's  medical  school.  He  earned  his  M.S.E.  at 
Boston  University  in  1991. 

Douglas  HI.  Padgett  '87,  a  Navy  lieutenant  j.g„ 
is  deployed  in  the  Western  Pacific  aboard  the  USS 
Okinawa,  whose  homeport  is  San  Diego.  He  joined 
the  Navy  in  1987. 

Christopher  S.  Swezey  '87  is  conducting 

research  at  the  Universite  Louis  Pasteur  in  Strasbourg, 
France,  on  a  1992-93  Fulbright  Scholarship.  He  is 
working  toward  his  Ph.D.  in  geological  science  from 
the  University  of  Texas  at  Austin. 

Elizabeth  "Betsy"  Ann  Whittle  '87,  who  grad- 
uated from  Northwestern  University's  J.L.  Kellogg 
School  of  Management  in  June,  is  a  senior  consultant 
with  Deloitte  &  Touche  in  Atlanta. 

Brian  D.  Bernard  '88  is  a  bond  analyst  for  Merrill 
Lynch  in  New  York  City. 

Parker  B.  Binion  '88  is  an  associate  with  the  law 
firm  Baker  6k  Botts  in  Houston,  Texas. 

Jill  Blackburn  Brooks  '88,  who  graduated  from 

the  University  of  South  Carolina's  medical  school  in 
May,  is  a  diagnostic  radiology  resident  at  the  Medical 
Center  of  Delaware.  She  and  her  husband,  Christo- 
pher C.  Brooks  '87,  a  manager  with  Anderson 
Consulting,  live  in  Wilmington,  Del. 

Beverly  M.  Brown  '88,  who  earned  her  M.B.A. 
from  the  University  of  Virginia's  Darden  School  in 
May,  is  a  product  management  associate  with 
NationsBank  in  Charlotte,  N.C. 

William  J.  Donnelly  B.S.C.E.  '88,  a  Marine  first 
lieutenant,  is  serving  with  the  2nd  Low  Altitude  Air 
Defense  Battalion  at  Cherry  Point,  N.C.  He  joined 
the  Corps  in  May  1988. 

Theresa  Tate  Hemingway  '88  is  pursuing  her 

master's  at  the  University  of  South  Carolina's  Insti- 
tute of  Government  and  International  Studies.  She 
and  her  husband,  William,  live  in  Charlotte,  N.C. 

Kenneth  V.  Leone  '88,  who  was  elected  to  the 

Alpha  Omega  Alpha  medical  honor  society  his  fourth 
year,  earned  his  M.D.  from  Vanderbilt  University's 
medical  school  in  May.  He  is  a  neurology  resident  at 
the  University  of  Virginia's  medical  center. 

Kim  C.  Manigault  '88,  who  earned  her  M.D. 
from  Wake  Forest's  Bowman  Gray  School  of 
Medicine,  is  doing  her  residency  in  family  practice  at 
Roanoke  Memorial  Hospital  in  Roanoke,  Va. 

Matthew  P.  McMillan  '88,  a  Navy  ensign,  is 
deployed  in  the  Western  Pacific  aboard  the  USS  Oki- 
nawa, whose  homeport  is  San  Diego.  He  joined  the 
Navy  in  May  1988. 

Carolyn  Middleton  Plump  '88,  who  graduated 
from  Boston  University's  law  school  in  1991,  is  an 
attorney  with  Morrison  &  Foster.  She  lives  in  New- 
port Beach,  Calif. 

Craig  H.  Steffee  '88,  a  medical  student  at  Wake 
Forest's  Bowman  Gray  School  of  Medicine,  has  been 
elected  to  membership  in  Alpha  Omega  Alpha,  the 


medical  hone 


:iety. 


Lee  F.  Veazey  '88,  a  Navy  lieutenant,  is  serving 
aboard  the  destroyer  USS  Comte  de  Grasse  in  the 
Mediterranean.  He  joined  the  Navy  in  May  1988. 

Julie  Forbes  Hamrick  '89  has  completed  her 
M.A.T.  at  UNC-Chapel  Hill.  Her  husband,  Patrick 
S.  Hamrick  '89,  is  assistant  minister  to  Newton 
Mearns  Parish  Church  in  Scotland.  They  live  in 
Newton  Mearns,  a  suburb  of  Glasgow. 


DUKE  UNIVERSITY 


1992  COMMEMORATIVE  HOLIDAY  ORNAMENT 


THE  THIRD  EDITION:  The  third  edition  of  the  Commemorative  Holiday  Ornament 
Collection,  featuring  the  Duke  Chapel  is  now  available.  You  can  proudly  display  this 
dated  pewter  ornament  this  year  and  for  years  to  come.  It  is  a  keepsake  that  you  will 
cherish. 

LIMITED  EDITION:  ORDER  NOW  as  quantities  are  limited.  It  is  not  too  early  to 
start  thinking  about  the  holiday  season.  Don't  get  caught  this  season  without  owning  the 
1992  Duke  University  Pewter  Commemorative  Ornament.  It  also  makes  a  great  gift  for 
that  special  person  on  your  list! 

THE  COLLECTION  CONTINUES:  Each  year  anewly  designed  and  dated  ornament 

commemorating  Duke  University  will  be  issued  and  sent  to  you  on  approval.  You  will 

be  notified  in  advance  and  may  purchase  only  if  you  wish. 

Commemoratives-Adcans  and  Adams  Inc  is  a  proud  licensee  of 

Duke  University 


ORDER FORM 
YES!  Please  send  me  the  Duke  University  1992  Commemorative  Pewter  Ornament. 
Bill  me  just  $15.00*  plus  $1.75  shipping  and  handling  per  ornament  (total  $16.75*).  If 
I  wish  I  may  have  my  credit  card  charged  upon  shipment.  If  I  am  not  satisfied,  I  may 
return  the  ornament  for  replacement  or  refund  within  1 5  days .  As  a  subscriber  I  have  the 
opportunity  to  review  future  ornaments.  I  will  be  notified  in  advance  and  may  purchase 
only  if  I  wish. 

Please  allow  4  to  6  weeks  for  delivery.  Ct.  residents  add  6.0%  Sales  Tax  S  3  8 

Mail  Orders  to:  Cornmemorati ves-  Adams  &  Adams,  Inc. 
P.O.  Box  203,  Middlebury,  CT    06762-0203 

Please  indicate  method  of  payment:    VisaQ  MasterCard  □  Bill  Me  □ 
Account  Number Exp.  Date       /      / 


Quantity . 


Total  Due  $_ 


Name:       

Address:    

City:  

Zip  Code:  

FOR  FASTER  SERVICE  CALL  1-800-338-4059  OR  FAX  1-203-758-1563 


ST: 


©^ 


Just  afrdbltBH^fHHK^espend  on 
clothes  could  help  mend  society's  problems. 


Just  a  fraction  of  what  we  spend  dining 
out  could  help  pick  up  the  tab  for  a  good  cause. 


It  takes  so  little  to  help  so  much. 


Just  a  small  part  of  our  extra 
time  and  money  can  have  such  a 
big  impact  on  society's  problems. 

Millions  of  people  have 
helped  establish  five  percent 


r 


\Wiat  ybnget  back  is  immeasurable. 


of  their  incomes  and  five  hours 
of  volunteer  time  per  week 
as  America's  standard  of  giving. 
Get  involved  with  the  causes 
you  care  about  and  give  five. 


John  W.  Nachbur  M.B.A.  '89  was  promoted  to 
product  manager,  footcare  new  products,  for  Schering- 
Plough  HealthCare  Products.  He  lives  in  Scotch 
Plains,  N.J. 

Ann  K.  Nobles  '89,  who  earned  her  master's  in 
foreign  affairs  at  the  University  of  Virginia,  is  a  busi- 
ness analyst  with  Simon  &  Schuster  publishing  in 
New  York  City.  She  lives  in  Basking  Ridge,  N.J. 

Robert  G.  Pearce  '89,  a  lieutenant  j.g.,  has  com- 
pleted his  first  solo  flight  with  the  U.S.  Coast  Guard 
at  Naval  Air  Station  Whiting  Field  in  Milton,  Fla.  He 
joined  the  Coast  Guard  in  1990. 

Edison  V.  Seel  M.B.A.  '89  was  honored  as  Man 
of  the  Year  by  the  Women's  Center  of  Fayetteville, 
N.C.,  for  his  work  in  women's  issues.  He  is  a  senior 
consultant  for  Booz  Allen  &  Hamilton,  Inc. 

Christopher  M.  Watke  '89  is  in  his  fourth  year 
at  Duke  Medical  School.  He  and  his  wife,  Mary 
McConahay  Watke  '90,  live  in  Durham. 


Ellen  L.  Wilkinson  '89  earned  her  J.D.  from  the 
University  of  Virginia,  where  she  was  on  the  editorial 
board  of  the  V'nsniki  Law  Review.  She  lives  in  New 
York  City. 

MARRIAGES:  Robin  J.  Stinson  '81  to  Jack 
Mulherin  on  Feb.  14.  Residence:  Winston-Salem, 
N.C....  Wendy  Sue  Chrismon  '82  to  David 
Michael  Sotolongo  '82  on  June  14  in  Duke 
Chapel.  Residence:  Durham...  Thomas  D.  Hickey 
'82  to  Isobel  Murray  on  June  8  in  Dublin,  Ireland. 
Residence:  Summit,  N.J....  David  Adams  Yount 
Jr.  '82  to  Lisa  Jeanne  Campe  '84  on  July  25. 
Residence:  Boston...  Wendy  Krupnik  '85  to 
Andrew  Melnick  on  Sept.  22.  Residence:  New  York 
City...  Carol  A.  Lindgren  '85  to  Edward  F.  Mathie 
on  May  16.  Residence:  Edina,  Minn.. . .  Lynn  Audrey 
Rosner  '85  to  Mark  Albert  Rauch  on  Oct.  27.  Resi- 
dence: Bala  Cynwyd,  Pa...  Melissa  Lynette 
Yoder  85  to  Thomas  Wayne  Ricks  93  on 
May  23.  Residence:  Durham...  Karen  Magid  '86 
to  Frederic  Resnic  B.S.E.E.  '87  on  June  28.  Res- 
idence: New  York  City. 


TRAVEL 
1992 

MANYMORE 

EXCITING 
ADVENTURES 

"The  world  is  a  great  book,  of 

which  they  who  never  stir  from 

home  read  only  a  page" 

St.  Augustine 


We  cordially  invite  you 
to  travel  with  us. 


Greek  Isles  &  Ancient  Civilizations 
November  14-27 

The  ancient  wonders  of  a  lost  civilization 
wait  for  you  when  you  join  fellow  Duke 
alumni  and  friends  for  an  odyssey  through 
time.  Travel  to  the  mysteries  of  Cairo, 
Istanbul  and  Pompeii;  experience  the  cul- 
tures that  formed  world  history  in  Rome, 
Ephesus  and  Athens.  And  in  between,  touch 
the  pristine  beauty  of  the  romantic  islands 
of  Greece:  Patmos,  Rhodes  and  Crete.  Your 
home  for  this  14-day  air/sea  adventure  will 
be  Royal  Cruise  Line's  elegant  Golden 
Odyssey— long  a  favorite  of  Duke  alumni. 
Prices  begin  at  $2,715  including  free  air 
from  major  cities. 

Amazon  River  Cruise    November  16-29 

Our  Amazon  is  different  from  everyone 
else's  Amazon:  we  take  you  farther  and 
closer!  Relax  in  your  elegantly  appointed 
outside  cabin  and  gaze  at  the  unparalleled 
mystery  and  majesty  of  the  world's  mightiest 
river.  Along  the  way  the  World  Discoverer's 
unique  shore  excursions  are  a  rare  mix  of 
elegance  and  adventure.  After  the  Amazon 
enjoy  some  of  the  Caribbean's  least  visited 
and  most  enchanting  islands.  The  all  inclu- 
sive price  includes  all  shore  excursions, 
gratuities,  and  airfare.  Prices  begin  at  $3,995. 


To  receive  detailed  brochures,  fill  out  the  coupon  and  return  to  Barbara  DeLapp  Booth  '54, 
Duke  Travel,  614  Chapel  Drive,  Durham,  N.C.  27706,  (919)  684-5114 


□  GREEK  ISLES 


□   THE  AMAZON 


a  me 

1    lis. 

Address 

Cily 

Stale 

ZiP 

For  The  Best 
In  Retirement  Living 

Gracious  Living 

Cottages,  apartments,  many 
appealing  features  in  community 
designed  for  residents  age  65  and  over. 
Lovely  dining  and  club  rooms,  indoor 
pool,  transportation,  activities,  and 
much  more.  Entry  fee  plus  monthly 
service  fee. 

Excellent  Location 

Our  42-acre  site  has  walking  trails, 
historic  barn,  yet  is  close  to  mall, 
shops,  and  Duke  campus. 

The  Life  Care  Advantage  - 

Ends  worries  about  nursing 
care  costs  and  availability.  Care  is 
provided  on-site,  in  affiliation  with 
Duke  University  Medical  Center. 

Please  call  or  write  for  details: 


Title 

Name 

Address 

City 

Stale 

2701  Pickett  Road 

Durham,  North  Carolina  27705 

(919)490-8000 


unng 

|  ning  streak  this 
summer  on 
Wheel  of  Fortune, 
Chris  Lynch  '89  earned 
more  than  $75,000  in 
cash  and  prizes.  Not 
bad  for  three  days  of 
work.  Plus,  he  got  to 
hang  out  with  pop- 
culture  icons  Pat  Sajak 
and  Vanna  White. 

"My  parents  had 
been  on  Jeopardy,  The 
$20,000  Pyramid,  and 
Dream  House,"  says 
Lynch,  "so  I  guess 
game  shows  are  in  my 
blood." 

An  economics  major 
at  Duke,  Lynch 
worked  as  an  accoun- 
tant with  Farmer's  In- 
surance in  Los  Angeles 
before  entering  the 
University  of  Texas  at 
Austin's  Graduate 
School  of  Business  this 
fall.  His  Wheel  win- 
nings  will  help  pay 
tuition  costs,  but  in 
addition  to  cash,  Lynch 
walked  away  with  travel 
packages  and  impres- 
sive merchandise. 

Among  the  puzzles 
Lynch  solved  were 
"Going  On  Safari"  (for 
a  trip  to  Egypt),  and 


Making  the  rounds:  Lynch,  above,  flanked  by  game-show  icons  Vanna  White 
and  Pat  Sajak 


"Politics  Makes  Strange 
Bedfellows."  A  long- 
standing fan  of  the  ten- 
year-old  game  show, 
Lynch  prepared  for  his 
appearance  simply  by 
watching  it  at  home. 

"Wheel  of  Fortune  is 
the  most  popular  game 
show  on  TV,"  says 
Lynch,  "and  1  think  it's 
because  people  at 
home  can  play  along. 
When  you  solve  the 
puzzle,  it  feels  as 
though  you've  accom- 
plished something." 

In  order  to  qualify, 
Lynch  took  a  written 
test  and  played  a  trial 
game  in  a  studio  class- 
room— complete  with 
a  two-foot  wheel  and  a 


chalkboard  in  place  of 
the  illuminated  letters 
that  Vanna  turns  over 
on  the  real  show.  He 
went  on  to  win  three 
consecutive  shows,  the 
maximum  allowable 
on  Wheel  of  Fortune. 
He  was  retired  as  an 
undefeated  champion. 

At  Duke,  Lynch 
played  rugby  and  was  a 
member  of  Delta 
Kappa  Epsilon  frater- 
nity when  he  wasn't 
watching  Wheel  of 
Fortune  or  studying 
econ.  His  coursework 
and  extracurricular 
viewing  payed  off:  His 
winnings  include 
$46,300  in  cash,  the 


Egypt  trip,  a  Chicago 
vacation,  and  a  pack- 
age of  high-tech  work- 
out equipment. 

Lynch,  who  wants 
eventually  to  become  a 
securities  analyst  and 
perhaps  a  portfolio 
manager,  encourages 
his  fellow  alumni  to  try 
out  for  the  show.  And 
for  those  seeking  in- 
vestment advice  during 
these  lean  economic 
times,  the  future 
M.B.  A.  has  two  words: 
"Buy  vowels." 


'86,  A.M.  '88  to  William  Joseph  Kunetz  on  June  13. 
Residence:  Ballwin,  Mo....  Elizabeth  Gotham 
Semans  '86  to  Michael  Walter  Hubbard  on  May  9 
in  Duke  Chapel.  Residence:  Los  Angeles. . .  Charles 
Jason  Rowe  '88  to  Courtney  Capron 
Cathers  '89  on  May  25.  Residence:  Richmond, 
Va....  Theresa  Lynne  Tate  '88  to  William 
Hemingway  on  March  21.  Residence:  Charlotte... 
Julie  B.  Forbes  '89  to  Patrick  S.  Hamrick 
'89  on  May  23  in  Duke  Chapel.  Residence:  Newton 

Meams,  Scotland. . .  Christopher  Mark  Watke 

'89  to  Mary  McConahay  '90  on  April  25  in  Duke 
Chapel.  Residence:  Durham. 

BIRTHS:  Second  child  and  first  son  to  Brockton 
R.  Ellwood  B.S.E.E.  '80  and  Maggie  Ellwood  on 
Feb.  1 1 .  Named  Carter  Huff. . .  Third  child  and  son  to 
Ada  Murray  Koch  '80  and  Kevin  Joseph  Koch 
on  Dec.  14,  1991.  Named  Richard  Joseph...  First 

child  and  daughter  to  Deborah  Ridley  Wilson 

'80  and  Tom  Wilson  on  April  9.  Named  Alexis 
Lynne. . .  First  child  and  son  to  Tammy  Elaine 
Wilson  '80  and  Roy  M.  Roberts  on  Jan.  19.  Named 
Wilson  Preston. . .  First  child  and  daughter  to  W. 
Steven  Woodward  J.D.  '80  and  Nanciann  Fra- 
zier  Woodward  on  Dec.  26.  Named  Alexandra  Fra- 
zier. . .  First  child  and  son  to  Patricia  Biggers 
Crawford  '81  and  William  J.  Crawford  on  April  29. 
Named  James  Cameron. . .  Son  to  S.  Marcus 
Kennedy  '81  and  Colleen  M.  Kennedy  on  May  15. 
Named  Keith  Samuel. . .  First  child  and  son  to  Timo- 
thy M.  Slevin  81  and  Karen  Sartin  Slevin 
'82  on  March  29.  Named  Patrick  John  Ralstone... 
Second  child  and  daughter  to  Yvette  Chocolaad 
'82  and  Robert  W.  Zimmer  on  May  24.  Named  Nicola 
Sterling. . .  Third  child  and  first  daughter  to  David 
G.  Leitch  '82  and  Ellen  Leitch  on  May  23.  Named 
Allison  Wellford. . .  First  child  and  daughter  to  Kris- 
ten  Hildebrant  Monahan  82,  B.H.S.  '85  and 
Michael  Monahan  on  March  30.  Named  Caitlin. . . 
First  child  and  daughter  to  J.  Yvonne  "Von" 
Mims  Jensen  '83  and  Scott  C.  Jensen  on  Aug.  6, 
1991.  Named  Annelise  Nicole...  Second  child  and 
first  daughter  to  Gail  Dunkel  Cawkwell  '84 
and  Roger  Cawkwell  on  May  2.  Named  Rachel  Eliza- 
beth. . .  First  child  and  daughter  to  Marcy  Mann 
Martin  '84  and  Christopher  J.  Martin  on  Jan.  10. 
Named  Lauren  Andrea. . .  First  child  and  daughter  to 
Catherine  Amdur  Small  '85  and  Scott 
McCauley  Small  on  May  20.  Named  Brittany 
Thompson. 


90s 


Christine  L.  Cragin  B.S.E.  '90  is  chief  of 
biomedical  engineering  at  the  Department  of  Veter- 
ans Affairs  Medical  Center  in  Boise,  Idaho. 


J.  Eric  Davis  '90,  a  Marine  second  1 
received  a  Letter  of  Appreciation  commending  his 
work  with  Headquarters  and  Service  Battalion,  1st 
Force  Service  Support  Group,  at  Camp  Pendleton, 
Calif.  He  joined  the  Corps  in  May  1992. 

Kristin  L.  Duessen  '90  is  a  third-year  law  stu- 
dent at  the  University  of  Houston.  Her  husband, 
Paul  A.  Bilden  '91,  a  U.S.  Army  Ranger  second 
is  stationed  in  Schweinfurt,  Germany. 


John  W.  Heinecke  '90,  a  Navy  ensign,  partici- 
pated in  a  combined  Australia  and  United  States  50th 
anniversary  commemoration  of  the  Battle  of  Coral 
Sea  aboard  the  guided  missile  frigate  USS  Thach.  He 
joined  the  Navy  in  May  1990. 

Jeffrey  P.  Heitzenrater  '90  is  assistant  director 
of  admissions  at  the  University  of  the  South  in  Sewa- 
nee,  Tenn. 


i.  Lowentritt  '90  is  a  first-year  medi. 
student  atTulane  University  in  New  Orleans. 


'90  is  an  investment  bank  analyst 
with  Morgan  Stanley  in  New  York  City. 

Luis  Martinez-Fernandez  Ph.D.  '90  is  an  assis 
tant  professor  of  history  at  Colgate  University. 

Andrea  Radford  '90,  who  earned  her  M.H.A. 
from  the  UNC  School  of  Public  Health,  is  a  reim- 
bursement associate  with  the  N.C.  Office  of  Rural 
Health  and  Resource  Development. 

Erica  Chalson  '91 ,  who  earned  her  master's  in 
French  from  Middlebury  College  and  the  Universite 
de  Paris  X,  worked  this  summer  at  Brentano's  in  inter 
national  book  orders. 


'91,  a  Marine  second  lieu- 
tenant, has  graduated  from  the  Combat  Engineer 
Officer  Course.  He  joined  the  Corps  Reserve  in  May 
1991. 

James  C.  Beck  '92  was  commissioned  as  a  Navy 
ensign  upon  graduation  from  the  NROTC  program. 

Kristin  C.  Calvert  '92  was  commissioned  as  a  Navy 
ensign  upon  graduation  from  the  NROTC  program. 

Bradley  T.  Carris  '92  was  commissioned  as  a  Navy 
ensign  upon  graduation  from  the  NROTC  program. 

Shawn  M.  Cornwell  '92  was  commissioned  as 
a  Navy  ensign  upon  graduation  from  the  NROTC 
program. 


Ehlin  '92  was  commissioned  as  a  Navy 
ensign  upon  graduation  from  the  NROTC  program. 

Jonathan  E.  Heigel  '92  was  commissioned  as  a 
Navy  ensign  upon  graduation  from  the  NROTC 
program. 


'92  was  commissioned  as  a  Navy 
ensign  upon  graduation  from  the  NROTC  program. 

Matthew  K.  Hurd  '92  was  commissioned  as  a  Navy 
ensign  upon  graduation  from  the  NROTC  program. 

Stephen  B.  Jackson  '92  was  commissioned  as  a 
Navy  ensign  upon  graduation  from  the  NROTC 
program. 

James  V.  Lawler  '92  was  commissioned  as  a  Navy 
ensign  upon  graduation  from  the  NROTC  program. 

Michael  J.  Mosley  '92  was  commissioned  as  a 
Navy  ensign  upon  graduation  from  the  NROTC 
program. 

James  L.  Pratt  '92  was  commissioned  as  a  Navy 
ensign  upon  graduation  from  the  NROTC  program. 

Barbeau  A.  Roy  '92  was  commissioned  as  a  Navy 
ensign  upon  graduation  from  the  NROTC  program. 

Joseph  R.  Schaaf  '92  was  commissioned  as  a 
Navy  ensign  upon  graduation  from  the  NROTC 
program. 

Michael  J.  Silah  '92  was  commissioned  as  a  Navy 
ensign  upon  graduation  from  the  NROTC  program. 

Katherine  O.  Tuttle  '92  was  commissioned  as  a 
Navy  ensign  upon  graduation  from  the  NROTC 
program. 

Christopher  M.  White  '92  was  commissioned  as 
a  Navy  ensign  upon  graduation  from  the  NROTC 
program. 

MARRIAGES:  Kristin  Lynn  Duessel  '90  to 
Paul  Andrew  Bilden  '91  on  June  13.  Resi- 
dences: Houston,  Texas,  and  Schweinfurt,  Germany... 
Mary  McConahay  '90  to  Christopher  Mark 

Watke  '89  on  April  25  in  Duke  Chapel.  Residence: 
Durham. 


DEATHS 


Nolan  C.  Teague  '20  of  Winston-Salem  on  Feb. 
22.  He  was  a  pastor  for  41  years  at  several  churches  in 
northwestern  North  Carolina.  After  graduating  Phi 
Beta  Kappa  from  Duke,  he  attended  Southern  Baptist 
Theological  Seminary  in  Louisville,  Ky.  He  is  sur- 
vived by  a  daughter,  two  sons,  one  sister,  one  brother, 
eight  grandchildren,  and  five  great-grandchildren. 

Charlotte  Avera  Compton  '21  of  Clayton, 
N.C,  on  Oct.  30,  1987.  She  is  survived  by  two  sisters, 
Jane  Avera  Pearson  78  and  Mary  Avera 
Franklin  28 

Coma  Cole  Willard  '22  of  Raleigh  on  Aug.  2, 
1991 .  She  was  a  former  teacher  at  Myrtle  Underwood 
in  Raleigh  and  past  president  of  the  Raleigh  Woman's 
Club,  the  Raleigh  Garden  Club,  and  the  Duke  Alum- 
nae Association.  She  earned  her  master's  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania.  She  is  survived  by  her  hus- 
band, Walter;  daughters,  including  Helen  Willard 
Harper  '54;  seven  grandchildren,  including  John 
D.  Kennedy  Jr.  73;  and  12  great-grandchildren. 

Nell  Brock  Nabers  '24  of  Durham  on  Dec.  21, 
after  a  long  illness.  She  taught  elementary  school  in 
Durham  and  Floral  Park,  N.Y.,  until  1961,  when  she 
earned  her  master's  from  UNC-Chapel  Hill  and  trans- 
ferred to  Carr  Junior  High  School  in  Durham.  She 
was  a  member  of  the  Wesleyan  Service  Guild  and 
Board  of  Stewards  at  Duke  Memorial  Methodist 
Church  and  was  a  member  of  Delta  Kappa  Gamma. 
She  is  survived  by  two  sisters  and  a  stepdaughter. 

John  Hunter  Newell  '24  of  Littleton,  N.C,  on 
Nov.  21.  After  teaching  and  coaching  in  the  Harnett 
county  schools,  he  served  as  principal  of  Creedmoor 


Introducing  the  Perfect 
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laquer  with  23  carat  gold 
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Each,  individually 
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ust  or  as  an  impressive 
business  gift. 


STYLE  A 

THE  PRESIDENTIAL 


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High  School,  Aurelian  Williams  School,  and  Aycock 
School,  and  was  the  first  headmaster  at  Halifax  Aca- 
demy before  his  1971  retirement.  He  taught  Sunday 
school  at  Tabor  United  Methodist  Church  for  40 
years.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Maude,  and  one 
brother. 


Riley  75  of  Durham  on  March 
9.  She  taught  in  Durham's  county  school  system  until 
1935.  A  charter  member  of  Durham's  Exchangette 
Club,  she  taught  Sunday  school  at  Bethany  United 
Methodist  Church  for  52  years.  She  is  survived  by  a 
son,  a  daughter,  and  three  grandchildren. 


Ramsey  "Lib"  Poole  '27  of  Spar- 
tanburg, N.C.,  on  April  9.  She  was  a  retired  school 
teacher,  having  taught  for  44  years  in  the  Charlotte 
and  Spartanburg  school  systems.  She  earned  her  mas- 
ter's from  Columbia  University.  A  Charlotte  native, 
she  was  the  longest-standing  member  of  the  Memorial 
Methodist  Church's  congregation.  She  is  survived  by 
her  brother,  Charles  W.  Ramsey  B.S.C.E.  '39;  a 
sister,  Ruth  Ramsey  Fletcher  '43,  B.S.N.  '44; 
five  nieces;  and  three  nephews. 

Braxton  C.  Dixon  '29  of  New  Bern,  N.C.,  on 
April  1,  1990.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Jessie. 


W.  Johnson  '31  of  Vale,  N.C.,  on  May 
24.  He  was  a  retired  poultry  and  dairy  farmer.  He  is 
survived  by  three  sisters-in-law  and  several  nieces  and 
nephews. 

Gordon  Kellar  Ogburn  '31  of  Spartanburg, 
S.C.,  on  April  28.  He  was  a  retired  senior  loan  officer, 
vice  president,  and  director  with  Home  Savings  & 
Loan.  A  charter  member  and  30-year  rotarian  of  the 
Durham  Jaycees,  he  received  the  group's  first  distin- 
guished service  award  in  1940.  He  is  survived  by  his 
wife,  Eleanor,  a  daughter,  two  sisters,  and  two  grand- 
children. 


H.  Eason  '33  of  Fuquay-Varina,  N.C.,  in 
June  1991.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Eunice. 


A.M.  '33,  B.D.  '33  of 
Lincolnton,  N.C.,  on  April  19.  A  Methodist  minister 
and  member  of  the  N.C.  Conference,  he  had  appoint- 
ments all  over  the  state  before  his  1970  retirement. 
He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Sarah,  a  daughter,  and 
three  grandchildren. 

Russell  P.  Martin  '33  of  Ahoskie,  N.C,  on  June 
1 .  He  was  a  retired  superintendent  of  the  Hertford 
County  Schools.  A  long-time  member  and  one-time 
deacon  at  Ahoskie  Baptist  Church,  he  taught  the 
Businessmen's  Radio  Bible  Class  for  38  years.  He  was 
an  Army  veteran  of  World  War  II.  He  is  survived  by 
his  wife,  Emma,  a  sister,  two  godsons,  and  several 
nieces  and  nephews. 

Robert  G.  Seaks  LL.B.  '34  of  Advance,  N.C, 
of  a  stroke  on  May  25.  In  law  school,  he  was  a  member 
of  the  Duke  Bar  Journal.  Following  Navy  Bronze  Star 
service  in  World  War  II,  he  worked  in  the  Justice 
Department  as  assistant  to  the  Attorney  General.  He 
joined  the  law  firm  Wheeler  &  Wheeler  in  1949  and 
remained  a  partner  there,  specializing  in  FCC  and 
ICC  work  until  retirement.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Elizabeth  Terry  Seaks  '34;  a  son,  Terry  G. 
Seaks  A.M.  '72,  Ph.D.  '72;  a  sister;  and  two  grand- 
children. 

Edith  Elizabeth  Henson  M.Ed.  '36  of  Durham 
on  Dec  30.  A  Greer,  S.C,  native,  she  was  a  member 
of  the  Order  of  the  Eastern  Star,  the  Kings  Daughters, 
and  Watts  Street  Baptist  Church.  She  is  survived  by 
her  husband,  John,  two  sons,  eight  grandchildren,  and 
two  great-grandchildren. 


Hubert  K.  Arnold  J.D.  '39  of  Wichita,  Kan.,  on 
June  8,  of  cancer.  A  graduate  of  the  University  of 
Maryland,  he  worked  for  a  New  York  law  firm  until 
enlisting  in  the  Army  Air  Corps  during  World  War  II. 
He  served  in  the  South  Atlantic  and  Guam,  attaining 
the  rank  of  major.  He  practiced  law  in  Hyattsville, 
Md.,  until  his  retirement  in  1973.  He  was  a  member 
of  Duke's  Founders'  Society,  Friends  of  the  Chapel, 
and  the  Barristers'  Society.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Marjorie,  three  sisters,  and  two  step-children. 

George  Boyd  Summers  A.M.  '39  of  Durham 
on  Jan.  2 1 .  A  retired  educator,  he  taught  at  Oxford 
Orphanage  and  was  superintendent  of  the  Masonic 
Home  for  Children  in  Alexandria,  Va.,  for  12  years. 
He  was  principal  of  East  Durham  High  School  for  18 
years.  He  is  survived  by  two  daughters  and  a  grandson. 

Henry  M.  Dratz  '42,  M.D.  '44  of  Oak  Hill,  N.Y., 
on  May  8. 

Elizabeth  Shaw  Lipscomb  '42  of  Miami,  Fla., 
on  May  12.  During  World  War  II,  she  was  a  Spanish 
censor.  Active  in  Miami's  fine  arts  community  as 
president  of  the  Coral  Gables  Art  Club  and  a  member 
of  the  American  Artist  Professional  League,  she  was  a 
frequent  juror  at  art  shows.  She  was  also  a  reader  for 
the  blind,  a  Girl  Scout  Troop  leader,  and  a  licensed 
pilot  for  land  and  sea  planes.  She  is  survived  by  her 
husband,  James  W.  Lipscomb  '42,  a  son,  a 
daughter,  and  two  grandsons. 

Mary  Belle  Campbell  '43  of  Greensboro,  N.C, 
on  Jan.  2,  of  pneumonia. 

Earl  R.  "Dutch"  Hostetter  '43  ofMelfa,  Va., 
on  Oct.  10,  1991. 

Donald  Franklin  Fox  '44ofCinnaminson,N.J., 
on  April  10,  of  cancer.  After  leaving  Duke  to  become 
a  Distinguished  Flying  Cross  Naval  Air  pilot  in  the 
South  Pacific  during  World  War  II,  he  returned  to 
complete  his  degree  in  1947.  Trained  as  an  accoun- 
tant, he  worked  in  several  locations,  including  the  Far 
East,  and  for  the  state  of  New  Jersey  until  he  retired. 
He  is  survived  by  his  brother. 

John  A.  McCurdy  M.Ed.  '44  of  Scotch  Plains, 
N.J.,  on  Jan.  21.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Margaret, 
two  daughters,  and  a  son. 


L.  "Tim"  Moore  '44  of  Miami,  Fla.,  on 
Oct.  15,  1991.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Nannette. 

R.  Mclntyre  Bridges  '45,  M.D.  '53  of  Minden, 
La.  Before  retiring,  he  had  been  a  general  surgeon  in 
Minden  for  35  years.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Euge- 
nia, four  sons,  and  five  grandchildren. 

Whitefoord  Smith  '46  of  Durham  on  May  11.  A 
Charlotte  native,  he  was  a  World  War  II  Army  vet- 
eran. He  taught  and  coached  in  the  Gaffney,  S.C, 
school  system  for  more  than  24  years.  He  is  survived 
by  several  cousins. 


H.  Zumberge  '46  of  Los  Angeles  on 
April  15.  He  was  president  emeritus  of  the  University 
of  Southern  California. 


P.  Hadley  M.D.  '48  of  Gainesville, 
Fla.,  on  May  14,  after  a  long  illness.  He  served  in  the 
Navy  during  World  War  II  and  was  an  Air  Force  cap- 
tain during  the  Korean  War.  A  Gainesville  pediatri- 
cian for  40  years,  he  chaired  the  Investment  Commit- 
tee of  Physicians  Protective  Trust  Funds  and  Hadley 
Capital  Management.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Sarah,  a  daughter,  three  sons,  a  brother,  and  two 
grandchildren. 

George  E.  Orr  '50,  LL.B.  '51  of  Miami,  Ha.,  on 
May  2,  of  cancer.  He  had  been  a  Dade  County  circuit 
judge  since  1974.  He  served  three  terms  as  board  pres- 
ident of  the  Dade  Youth  Fair  and  Exposition.  He  is 
survived  by  his  wife,  Rusela,  seven  children,  and 
seven  grandchildren. 


Frank  Morris  Webster  '51  of  Durham  on  May 
12.  He  owned  Durham  Sports  Shop  for  20  years  and 
had  worked  for  the  American  Tobacco  Co.  He  is 
survived  by  three  sons  and  a  brother,  William  F. 
Webster  50 

J.  Atwood  Whitman  M.F.  '51  of  Carthage, 
N.ConFeb.  12. 

Margaret  Jane  Davis  '52  of  Clyde,  N.C.,  on 

April  13. 


R.  Lyles  Ed.D.  '52  of  Salem,  Ote.,  on  April 
6.  He  was  head  of  the  education  department  at 
Williamette  University  in  Salem.  He  had  once  been 

superintendent  of  the  Charlotte,  N.C.,  school 
He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Marilynn;  two  sons; 


1  daughters;  o 
;  and  a  nephe 


:  sister;  a  niece,  Alice  P.  Weldon 
,  Wilson  O.  Weldon  Jr.  '67. 


Betty  Sue  Johnson  R.N.  '53,  B.S.N.Ed.  '54  of 
Durham  on  Dec.  3 1 .  She  earned  her  master's  in  psy- 
chiatric nursing  from  the  University  of  Maryland  and 
her  Ph.D.  from  UNC-Greensboro.  She  was  a  past 
director  of  psychiatric  nursing  and  a  nursing  faculty 
member  at  Duke.  Before  retiring,  she  was  professor 
and  director  of  the  graduate  program  in  nursing  at 
UNC-Chapel  Hill.  She  is  survived  by  two  sisters  and 
a  half-brother. 

Sylvia  Caplan  Berkman  B.S.N.Ed.  '54  of  Val- 
ley Stream,  N.Y.  She  is  survived  by  her  husband, 
Abraham. 


J.  Marty  M.F.  '55  of  DeWitt,  Mich.,  on 
May  1,  1991.  After  receiving  his  Ph.D.  from  Yale,  he  , 
spent  12  years  with  the  U.S.  Fotest  Service  before 
joining  the  forestry  faculty  at  Michigan  State.  A  spe- 
cialist in  natural  resource  economics,  he  had  been  a 
full  professor  there  since  1971.  He  is  survived  by  a 
daughter  and  a  son. 

Joel  C.  Ford  A.M.  '56  of  Lake  Bluff,  111.,  on 
March  17,  after  a  long  illness.  A  retired  Navy  captain, 
he  graduated  from  the  Naval  Academy  in  1932  and 
served  30  years,  including  several  in  World  War  II 
and  Korea.  He  came  to  Duke  in  1953  to  teach  naval 
science  as  he  pursued  his  master's.  After  retirement  in 
1975,  he  worked  for  American  Motors.  He  is  survived 
by  his  wife,  Elizabeth;  a  son,  Robert  C.  Ford  '58; 
two  grandchildren;  and  a  sister. 


CLASSIFIEDS 


RESORTS/TRAVEL 


ARROWHEAD  INN,  Durham's  country  bed  and 
breakfast.  Restored  1 775  plantation  on  four  rural 
acres.  Written  up  in  USA  Today ,  Food  &  Wine ,  Mid- 
Atlantic.  106  Mason  Rd.,  27712.  (919)  477-8430. 

LONDON.  My  delightful  studio  apartment  near  Mar- 
ble Arch  is  available  for  short  or  long-term  rental. 
Elisabeth  J.  Fox,  M.D.,  901  Greenwood  Rd.,  Chapel 
Hill,  NC  27514.  (919)  929-3194. 

ST.  JOHN:  Two  bedrooms,  two  baths,  full  kitchen, 
cable  TV,  pool.  Covered  deck  with  spectacular  view 
of  Caribbean.  Quiet  elegance.  Off-season  rates.  (508) 
668-2078. 

FLORIDA  KEYS,  BIG  PINE  KEY:  Fantastic  open 
water  view,  Key  Deer  Refuge,  National  Bird  Sanctuary, 
stilt  house,  3/2,  screened  porches,  fully  furnished, 
stained-glass  windows,  swimming,  diving,  fishing, 
boat  basin.  Non-smokers.  (305)  665-3832. 


THE  OLD  NORTH  DURHAM  INN,  an  i 

bed  and  breakfast  less  than  a  mile  from  Duke,  offering 

tum-of-the-century  charm,  comfortable  lodging,  and 

heartv  breakfasts.  922  N.  Mangum  St.,  27701.  (919) 

683-1885. 

BRITISH  VIRGIN  ISLANDS:  New  luxury  water- 
front house  on  Little  Mountain,  Beef  Island,  for  vaca- 
tion rental.  Three  bedrooms,  two  baths,  pool,  and 
spectacular  views;  sleeps  six.  Beautiful  beach  for  great 
swimming  and  snorkeling.  John  Krampf '69,  81 2  W. 
Sedgwick  St.,  Philadelphia,  PA  191 19.  (215)  438- 
4430  (home)  or  (215)  963-5501  (office). 


HILLSBOROUGH  HOUSE  INN  bed/breakfast.  15 
minutes  from  Duke.  Gracious  Italianate  mansion. 
Seven  acres.  Historic  district.  209  E.  Tryon  St.,  Hills- 
borough, NC  27278.  (919)  644-1600.  Katherine 
Webb,  innkeeper. 

ST.  JOHN,  USVI:  GALLOWS  POINT.  One-bedroom 
oceanfront  condo,  sleeps  four.  20  yards  from  ocean, 
short  walk  to  Cruz  Bay.  TV,  CD,  tape  player,  micro- 
wave. Owner  direct  (301 )  948-8547.  Ask  for  Dick. 

CANCUN,  MEXICO  condo  in  hotel  zone  on 
Caribbean,  maid  service,  walk  to  restaurants.  (904) 
272-5228. 


FOR  RENT 


BALD  HEAD  ISLAND,  NC.  Unspoiled  island  acces- 
sible by  ferry  from  Southport.  No  cars.  Transportation 
by  golf  cart/bicycle,  14  miles  of  beach,  golf,  tennis, 
nature  program,  and  great  fishing.  New,  beautifully 
furnished  three-bedroom,  two-bath  condo  with 
screened  porch  and  deck  overlooking  marsh/nature 
preserve.  Weekly/weekend/off-season  rates.  (919) 
929-0065. 

FALL  COLORS  AT  LAKE  TOXAWAY,  NC.  West- 
ern mountain  splendor  at  the  exclusive  Lake  Toxaway 
Country  Club  near  Cashiers.  Beautifully  appointed 
new  lakefront  home  with  two  master  suites,  plus  two 
additional  bedrooms  and  bath,  boathouse  and  dock 
on  900-acre  private  lake.  Full  club  privileges,  includ- 
ing golf,  tennis,  children's  program  and  gourmet  din- 
ing. $l,800/week,  with  additional  weeks  negotiable. 
(305)367-2336/367-2089. 

VAIL,  CO:  Luxurious  four-level  townhome,  four 
bedrooms,  three  baths,  suntoom,  two  sundecks,  beau- 
tiful views,  fireplace,  full  kitchen,  laundry,  free  bus. 
Sleeps  eight.  (303)  759-8175,  (303)  333-3369. 

KITTY  HAWK,  NC.  Four-bedroom,  two-bath  home 
one  block  from  private  beach.  Two  queen,  four  twin, 
crib,  AC,  cable  TV,  VCR,  dishwasher,  kitchen  fully 
equipped.  Fall  is  fabulous!  $455/week  in  September, 
$380  thereafter.  OLREA  (703)  459-4663. 

FLORIDA.  Two  blocks  from  Atlantic.  Three-bed- 
room house.  By  month.  (608)  233-1452. 


FOR  SALE 


GRASS  COURT  COLLECTION  (Since  1982): 
Custom-tailored  cream  "tennis/yachting  flannel 
slacks"  and  much  more!  Free  literature  at  "direct  fac- 
tory prices."  (800)  829-3412  (Hanover,  NH). 

Great  Holiday  Gift!  Duke  B-Ball  on  Disk.  Official 
computerized  basketball  history.  $32.95  inclusive. 
Information  Navigation  (919)  493-4390. 


QUALITY  U.S.  &  FOREIGN  RAGS 
Special  Flags  &  Banners  made  to  order 
Aluminum  &.  Fiberglas  Flagpoles 
Marian  Zaren,  147  N.  Main  St. 
Yardley,  PA  19067  (215)  493-2134 


DURHAM,  NC.  Lovely  seven-acre  estate  surrounded 
by  Hope  Valley  Golf  Course.  Four  bedrooms,  three  and 
one-half  baths,  sun  room,  formal  areas,  brick  terrace 
overlooking  handsome  grounds.  May  sub-divide.  Toms 
Learning  &  Coie,  (919)  493-8555;  Lynn  Toms,  (919) 
489-3512. 


MISCELLANEOUS 


1986  DUKE  B.A.,  1991  University  of  Alabama  J.D., 
admitted  Alabama  State  and  Federal  Courts,  litigator 
seeks  position  with  in  house  counsel  or  firm.  Insur- 
ance background.  Will  bravely  face  any  jurisdiction's 
bar  exam.  1127  Springs  Ave.,  Birmingham,  AL 
35242.(205)991-9062. 


CLASSIFIED  RATES 


GET  IN  TOUCH  WITH  65,000  POTENTIAL  buyers, 
renters,  travelers,  consumers,  through  Duke  Classifieds. 

RATES:  For  one-time  insertion,  $25  for  the  first  10 
words,  $1  for  each  additional  word.  Telephone  num- 
bers and  zip  codes  are  free.  DISPLAY  RATES  (with 
art)  are  $100  per  column  inch  (2  1/4"  width).  TEN 
PERCENT  DISCOUNT  for  multiple  i 


REQUIREMENTS:  All  copy  must  be  printed  or 
typed;  specify  section  (FOR  RENT,  FOR  SALE,  etc.) 
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accepted.  ALL  ADS  MUST  BE  PREPAID.  Send 
check  or  money  order  (payable  to  Duke  Magazine)  to: 
Classifieds,  Diike  Magazine,  614  Chapel  Drive, 
Durham.  NC  27706. 

DEADLINES:  November  1  (January-February  issue), 
January  1  (March-April  issue),  March  1  (May-June 
issue),  May  1  (July-August  issue),  July  1  (September- 
October  issue),  September  1  (November-December 
issue).  Please  specify  issue  in  which  ad  should  appear. 


r.  Join  us  at 
Duke  University  Diet 
and  Fitness  Center  tor 
a  weight  loss  plan 
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Durham,  NC  27710, 


Duke  University  Diet  A  Fitness  Center 

It's  more  than  just  a  weight-loss  program. 
It's  a  healthful  way  of  life! 


J.  Manning  Hiers  '56  in  February  1989.  He  is 
survived  by  his  wife,  Dianne,  and  a  daughter. 

Wilbur  Hobby  '56  of  Durham  on  May  9.  A  World 
War  II  and  Korean  War  veteran,  he  was  a  lifelong 
resident  of  Durham  and  long-time  employee  of  the 
American  Tobacco  Co.  He  was  president  of  the  N.C. 
AFL-CIO  from  1969  to  1980  and  a  special  organizer 
for  the  Retail  Clerks  Union.  In  1971,  he  was  named 
Histradut's  Labor  Man  of  the  Year.  The  following  year 
he  ran  unsuccessfully  for  governor.  He  is  survived  by 
his  wife,  Jean,  five  sons,  three  daughters,  a  brother,  12 
grandchildren,  and  a  great-grandchild. 

Llewellyn  dimming  Brooks  '57  of  Burling- 
ton, N.C,  on  Jan.  23,  of  malignant  lymphoma.  She 
was  a  retired  administrator  in  the  microbiology 
department  at  the  UNC  School  of  Medicine.  She  is 
survived  by  her  husband,  Eugene  H.  Brooks  Jr. 
'57;  a  son,  Lawrence  H.  Brooks  B.S.E.  '80;  and 
a  daughter,  Janet  L.  Brooks  B.S.E.  '81. 

Lee  Marcus  Seagle  Jr.  M.D.  '57  of  Hickory, 
N.C,  on  May  22.  A  medical  honor  society  member 
while  at  Duke,  he  had  been  family  practice  chairman 
at  Catawba  Memorial  Hospital  since  1967  and  a 
member  of  the  Catawba  County  Medical  Society  for 
32  years.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Nancy,  a  daughter 
by  guardianship,  a  granddaughter,  and  two  aunts. 

Robert  J.  Crews  '58  of  Boca  Raton,  Fla.,  on  May 
6,  after  a  long  illness.  Before  retiring,  he  worked  at 
IBM  for  30  years.  He  is  survived  by  his  mother,  a  sis- 
ter, and  a  brother. 

Stanley  Sawicki  M.A.T.  '63  of  Lawton,  Okla., 
on  Nov.  5.  A  1932  West  Point  graduate,  he  was  a 
World  War  II  veteran  with  numerous  commendations, 
including  the  Bronze  Star  and  American  Defense 


2nd  Commemorative  Alumni  Edition 

Wear  The  Pride  And  Feel  The  Spirit 

Recreated  to  commemorate  the  "Back-To-  Back"  National  Basketball 
Championships  and  fully  endorsed  by  the  Department  of  Alumni  Affairs,  the 
beautiful  2nd  Edition  Commemorative  Shirts  are  a  source  of  pride  for  every 
alum  and  Duke  fan. 

Each  shirt  is  made  of  heavyweight,  high-cotton  fleece  with  the  Official 
Commemorative  Seal  fully  embroidered  on  the  front  and  the  Official 
Alumni  Seal  with  the  Duke  Basketball  "D"  on  the  right  sleeve. 

A  portion  of  the  proceeds  from  the  sale  of  the  Commemorative 
Alumni  Edition  shirts  will  be  used  to  benefit  a  graduate 
scholarship  for  all  qualified  Duke  athletes. 

"I  felt  such  a  real  sense  of  being  a  part  of  the 
group  with  it  on.  " 

Dottie  Martin 

North  Carolina's  First  Lady 

Colors:  Cream,  Navy 
Sizes:  Medium,  Large,  X-Large 
Option:  Also  available  with  Class  of  '92  instead 
of  Basketball  "D"in  the  Alumni  Seal 

Price:  $  75.00 

Postage  and  handling;  $5.00 

To  Order:  Call  1-800  -VIA-DUKE 


Service  Medal.  Following  his  retirement  as  a  colonel 
after  more  than  30  years'  service,  he  was  a  math  profes- 
sor at  the  University  of  Connecticut  from  1962  to 
1973.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Anna;  two  sons;  a 
daughter-in-law,  Priscilla  Smith  Sawicki  '62; 
three  grandchildren;  and  two  great-grandchildren. 

Robert  Lawson  Beasley  '64  of  Charlotte  on 
April  25,  from  injuries  sustained  in  an  accident.  A 
member  of  Delta  Tau  Delta  and  the  Duke  football 
team,  he  earned  his  M.Ed,  from  UNC-Chapel  Hill.  In 
1969,  he  began  a  23-year  association  with  the  Char- 
lotte schools  as  head  football  coach  at  N.  Mecklen- 
burg High  School.  In  1978,  he  became  assistant  prin- 
cipal at  S.  Mecklenburg,  where  he  taught  history.  He 
is  survived  by  his  wife,  Nancy  Dailey  Beasley 
'64;  a  daughter,  Laura  R.  Beasley  '94;  a  son;  a 
brother;  and  three  sisters. 

Rebecca  J.  Murray  Ed.D.  73  of  Raleigh  on 
June  6.  She  was  a  professor  of  education  and  alumnae 
association  vice  president  at  Meredith  College.  She 
also  chaired  the  Raleigh  Transit  Authority.  She  is 
survived  by  two  brothers  and  two  sisters. 

Robert  B.  Elwood  '74.J.D.  '77  of  New  York  City 
on  March  24,  of  complications  related  to  AIDS.  He 
was  an  attorney  with  LaBoeuf,  Lamb,  Leiby,  and 
MacRae.  While  at  Duke,  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Duke  Law  Journal's  editorial  board.  He  was  also  a  stu- 
dent at  the  Julliard  School  of  Music.  He  is  survived  by 
his  mother,  a  sister,  and  two  brothers. 

Kenneth  L.  Marshall  J.D.  76  of  Atlanta  on 
Dec.  21,  of  cancer.  He  had  been  an  assistant  district 
attorney  for  Fulton  County  since  1978.  He  was  direc- 
tor of  Planned  Parenthood  of  Atlanta  and  a  founding 
member  of  Black  and  White  Men  Together/Atlanta. 
He  is  survived  by  his  father,  three  brothers,  and  a  sister. 


Campbell  79  of  Durham  on  Jan.  12. 
He  was  an  editorial  staff  member  at  Duke  University 
Press.  He  is  survived  by  his  mother,  five  sisters,  his 
maternal  grandmother,  and  his  paternal  grandparents. 

Max  Crowder 

Howard  Max  Crowder  '62,  Duke's  basketball  trainer 
for  3 1  years  and  899  consecutive  games,  died  of  lung 
cancer  at  Duke  Hospital  on  May  27.  He  was  62. 

After  he  graduated  with  a  degree  in  education, 
Crowder  kept  his  apartment  on  the  top  floor  of  Card 
Gym  and  the  job  it  kept  him  close  to,  assistant  trainer 
for  the  basketball  team.  After  accompanying  Duke  to 
its  first  three  Final  Fours,  the  Cherrywood,  N.C., 
native  assumed  duties  as  head  basketball  trainer  in 
1966.  Following  the  team's  next  championship  drive 
in  1978,  Crowder  became  head  athletics  trainer.  He 
retired  from  full-time  training  duties  in  1989  to  focus 
on  the  basketball  team. 

From  January  1 1 ,  1962,  until  his  first  surgery  last 
December,  Crowder  was  a  fixture  on  the  Duke  bench, 
assisting  five  head  coaches  through  more  than  600 
basketball  victories.  Crowder  was  reputed  to  tell  all 
Duke  rookies  upon  their  arrival,  "I  was  here  before 
you  were.  I'll  be  here  while  you're  here,  and  I'll  be 
here  after  you're  gone.  Remember  that." 

A  constant  through  the  Blue  Devils'  eight  Final 
Four  frustrations  and  the  team's  first  championship 
last  year,  Crowder  was  home  recovering  from  chemo- 
therapy treatments  during  the  team's  trek  to  its  sec- 
ond consecutive  national  title  in  1992. 

Crowder  was  inducted  into  the  Duke  Sports  Hall  of 
Fame  on  April  25.  He  was  hospitalized  at  Duke  Medi- 
cal Center  the  following  day. 


Art  Professor  Jenkins 

Marianna  Jenkins,  professor  emerita  of  art,  died  in 
Raleigh  on  June  13.  She  was  82. 

A  specialist  in  art  history  whose  field  was  sixteenth- 
and  seventeeth-century  European  painting  and  sculp- 
ture, she  played  an  important  role  in  developing 
Duke's  department  of  art  and  art  history  by  seeing 
that  a  major  was  established  in  the  department. 

She  earned  her  bachelor's  and  doctoral  degrees 
from  Bryn  Mawr  and  her  master's  from  Radcliffe.  She 
studied  at  New  York  University  and  the  University  of 
Paris  and  taught  at  Bryn  Mawr  and  Wheaton  before 
coming  to  Duke  in  1948. 

From  1950  to  1963,  she  was  associate  dean  of 
undergraduate  instruction  in  the  Woman's  College. 
In  1974-75,  she  was  the  art  department's  acting  chair, 
retiring  in  1978. 

She  is  survived  by  a  step-niece,  Susan  Benson,  of 
Arizona. 

Sociology  Professor  McKinney 

John  C.  McKinney,  Duke  professor  emeritus  of 
sociology  and  former  graduate  school  dean,  died  at 
Duke  Hospital  on  June  18.  He  was  72. 

After  serving  in  the  Army  through  World  War  II, 
he  returned  to  earn  his  doctorate  at  Michigan  State  in 
1953.  McKinney  came  to  Duke  in  1957  and  became 
chair  of  sociology  and  anthropology.  In  1969,  he  was 
named  vice  provost  and  dean  of  Duke's  graduate 
school.  He  retired  in  1985. 

Among  his  many  accolades,  McKinney  served  a 
term  as  president  of  the  Southern  Sociological  Soci- 
ety, and  was  elected  to  the  American  Association  for 
the  Advancement  of  Science.  He  directed  Duke's 
Research  Training  in  the  Social  Sciences  program  in 
the  1960s. 

He  is  survived  by  a  brother,  two  daughters,  a  son, 
and  four  grandchildren. 


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HEY,  LA.:  ARE  YOU 
LISTENING  NOW? 


BY  CHARLES  RANDOLPH-WRIGHT 

It  is  very  interesting  to  reflect  on  the 
Los  Angeles  riots  as  I  sit  in  my  home- 
town of  York,  South  Carolina.  The  dis- 
tance in  miles  has  not  distanced  my  feelings. 

I  have  lived  in  LA.  for  eight  years  and 
consider  it  home,  having  moved  there  be- 
cause of  my  work  in  the  entertainment 
industry.  People  often  ask  me  what  grow- 
ing up  in  the  South  was  like.  I  respond 
with  my  memories  of  separate  bathrooms, 
separate  water  fountains,  separate  schools. 
I  remember  cross  burnings,  protests,  meet- 
ings, name  calling.  I  remember  fighting 
these  prejudices  with  a  vengeance. 

I  don't  remember  exactly  what  I  expect- 
ed as  I  moved  North  and  subsequently 
West,  but  I  discovered  a  different  kind  of 
prejudice,  now  couched  in  the  guise  of  lib- 
eralism and  understanding.  In  the  South,  I 
knew  where  the  boundaries  were  and  I 
crossed  them.  In  California,  there  are  no 
visible  boundaries;  one  discovers  them  quite 
by  accident  and  often  too  late. 

Due  east  of  Beverly  Hills,  L.A.'s  most 
popular  shopping  center,  the  Beverly  Cen- 
ter, dominates  an  affluent  neighborhood.  I 
sat  in  my  living  room  in  this  "comfortable" 
neighborhood  glued  to  my  television  as 
every  station  compounded  ever  more  hor- 
rible information  as  to  the  scenario  unfold- 
ing all  around  me.  I  felt  trapped  in  an 
absurdist  novel  or  some  surreal  foreign 
film.  But  I  was  in  LA.. . . 

When  Watts  exploded  in  1965,  people 
rioted  with  the  hope  of  a  better  future, 


praying  these  actions  would  effect  a  change. 
The  1992  riots  were  a  result  of  desperation, 
despair,  and  the  loss  of  hope.  Our  country 
has  applauded  and  supported  upheavals  of 
disenfranchised  peoples  all  over  the  globe — 
the  U.S.S.R.,  Romania,  Czechoslovakia, 
South  Africa,  China — but  the  disenfran- 
chised in  our  own  country  are  ignored. 

This  is  not  a  racial  issue.  There  are  more 
white  people  living  in  poverty  in  the  Unit- 
ed States  than  all  other  ethnic  groups 
combined.  The  greatest  disparity  in  our 
country  was  created  by  the  smallest  minor- 
ity— the  rich.  LA.  held  up  an  unfortunate 
mirror  to  the  United  States. 

I  kept  asking  myself,  "What  year  is 
this?"  I  never  thought  those  officers  could 
be  anything  but  guilty,  not  after  the  world 
viewed  that  videotape  in  horror.  Yet  this 
jury,  which  was  not  composed  of  Rodney 
King's  peers,  delivered  a  message  to 
African- Americans  in  LA.  that  sparked  a 
revolution.  Many  in  this  country  were  sur- 
prised; I  was  only  surprised  that  it  took  this 
long.  I  don't  con- 
done Rodney  King's 
actions  which  led  to 
his  arrest,  but  I  also 
don't  believe  the  riots 
were  about  King — 
the  verdict  was  mere- 
ly a  catalyst. 

A  former  class- 
mate from  Duke 
called  me  the  morn- 
ing after  the  rioting 
began.  He  is  white, 
mid-thirties,  and  a 
very  successful  lawyer 
in  L.A.  He  invited 
me  to  come  swim  at 
his  pool  since  he  was 
leaving  work  early. 
(There  was  a  mass 
exodus  from  L.A. 
that  day.) 

"Are  you  crazy?"  I  said. 

He  laughed.  "What?  Are  you  going  out 
looting  and  rioting?" 

I  replied,  "What  if  I  said  yes?" 

Silence. 

"What  if  I  told  you  I  was  out  on  the 
streets  last  night?  What  would  you  say?" 

"Oh,  Charles,  you're  not  like  that — 
you're  different." 

I  thought,  different  from  what?  Different 


Our  country  has 

applauded  and 

supported  upheavals 

of  disenfranchised 

peoples  all  over  the 

globe,  but  the 

disenfranchised  in 

our  own  country  are 

ignored. 


from  the  kids  who  were  riding  around 
town  with  shotguns  pointed  out  of  their 
car  windows?  Different  from  the  old  ladies 
who  no  longer  had  neighborhood  stores  to 
buy  groceries  and  who  now  waited  in  long 
lines  for  their  Social  Security  checks? 

Different.  Tell  that  to  the  police  who 
pull  me  over  monthly  because  I  am  a  black 
male  and  I  drive  a  new  car.  Tell  that  to  the 
employees  in  stores  and  restaurants  who 
run  to  me  as  I  enter  in  order  to  prevent  a 
theft.  Tell  that  to  the  two  cops  who  pulled 
me  out  of  my  car,  handcuffed  me,  and  held 
a  gun  to  my  head  in  the  middle  of  the 
afternoon  a  few  blocks  from  my  house. 

If  this  happens  to  me  and  I'm  "differ- 
ent," imagine  what  must  happen  to  the 
people  of  South  Central  L.A.  No  wonder 
there  is  no  hope.  No  wonder  there  is 
unrest.  We  must  all  strive  for  peace  and 
communication  and  respect,  but  that 
means  we  must  all  listen.  L.A.  stopped  lis- 
tening years  ago.  One  can  only  hope  that 
L.A.  will  listen  now. 

Yes,  I  was  angry. 
Yes,  I  was  out  on  the 
streets  of  L.A.,  but  I 
was  there  assisting 
the  cleanup.  Beside 
me  was  every  type  of 
person,  every  age. 
That  is  when  my 
anger  started  to  sub- 
side.  I  wondered 
where  were  the 
plethora  of  cameras 
that  filmed  the 
havoc?  All  types  of 
people  were  begin- 
ning to  listen  and 
work  together.  Those 
are  the  pictures  peo- 
ple must  see. 

I  am  still  angry, 
but  my  faith  and  my 
hope  succeeded  in  dissipating  much  of  that 
anger  as  we  registered  hundreds  of  people 
to  vote,  and  people  of  all  colors  united  to 
save  our  city  and  save  ourselves. 


Randolph-Wright  '78  is  a  writer,  producer,  and 
director  in  Hollywood  and  New  York  City.  This 
commentary  first  appeared  in  the  Rock  Hill,  South 
Carolina,  Herald  and  is  reprinted  with  permission. 


36 


DUKE  PROFILE 


TRUTH  THROUGH 


THE  CAMERA'S  EYE 


Who  are  you 
who  will  read 
these 
words  and 
study  these 
words,  and 
through 
what  cause, 
by  what  chance,  and  for  what  purpose, 
and  by  what  right  do  you  qualify  to,  and 
what  will  you  do  about  it?"  wrote  James 
Agee  in  Let  Us  Now  Praise  Famous  Men. 
Nearly  thirty  years  had  passed  since  the 
book's  1941  publication  when  Ross  Spears 
read  it  as  a  Duke  undergraduate.  A  pre- 
med  English  major  from  Johnson  City, 
Tennessee,  with  a  growing  interest  in  film, 
Spears  would  become  more  involved  with 
Agee,  and  the  documentary  tradition  Agee 
and  co-author  Walker  Evans  inspired, 
than  Agee  could  have  ever  possibly  imag- 
ined when  he  first  asked  this  question. 

Spears  graduated  from  Duke  in  1969, 
but  he  never  made  it  to  medical  school. 
Instead,  he  earned  a  master  of  fine  arts 
degree  from  the  California  Institute  of  the 
Arts  in  1974  and  became  an  independent 
filmmaker.  After  creating  four  feature- 
length  documentary  films  and  establishing 
a  nonprofit  corporation  to  produce  and 
distribute  films  about  the  history,  culture, 
and  people  of  the  South,  Spears  credits 
Agee  with  inspiring  his  work. 

"When  I  first  read  James  Agee's  book, 
Let  Us  Now  Praise  Famous  Men,  in  the 
summer  of  1968,  I  was  utterly  baffled, 
impressed,  and  inspired,"  Spears  says.  "I 
think  the  late  Sixties  was  a  perfect  time  to 
read  that  book,  because  it  is  one  of  the 
most  passionate  and  anguished  books  I've 
ever  read  and  that  was  a  particularly 
anguished  time.  The  Vietnam  War,  the 
Robert  Kennedy  and  Martin  Luther  King 
assassinations,  the  Chicago  police  rampage 
at  the  Democratic  convention,  the  riots  in 
American  ghettos — Let  Us  Now  Praise 
Famous  Men  was  about  similar  sorts  of 
injustice  and  inequality." 

The  book,  Spears  says,  also  reflected 
Agee's  "frustration  and  anger  that  he 
couldn't  do  anything  about  the  tragedies 


FILMMAKER  ROSS  SPEARS 

BY  VIRGINIA  BOYD 


Nominated  for  an 
Academy  Award  for  his 

documentary  Agee, 

Spears  has  focused  his 

sights  on  the  passions 

and  paradoxes 

of  the  South. 


he  witnessed.  Although  I  participat- 
ed in  the  activism  of  the  Sixties 
and  Seventies  in  various  ways,  I 
never  felt  satisfied  that  I  was  con-  i 
tributing  very  much.  So  I  identi-         «n«§J» 
fied    with    Agee's    outrage    and        ~^SS 
frustration,  but  mainly  I  was     | 
deeply  impressed  with  his  incred- 
ibly beautiful  prose." 

Spears  says  he  believes  Agee's  written 


account  of  three  Alabaman  sharecropper 
families — the  Ricketts,  the  Gudgers,  and 
the  Woods — became  a  book  "about  one 
man  writing  his  heart  out  for  four  years  in 
an  ultimately  hopeless  attempt  to  create,  as 
he  put  it,  'human  actuality.'  "  In  doing  so, 
Agee  tried  to  capture  the  reality  of  their 
lives,  depicting  them  not  as  storybook 
characters,  but  as  real  people  with  "hearts 
and  souls  and  relationships  and  pasts." 

Agee  took  huge  risks,  threw  conven- 
tional literary  structures  out  the  window, 
and  vastly  overwrote.  While  he  insulted 
and  challenged  the  reader,  Spears  says,  "he 
gets  away  with  it,  because  he  can  write  like 
nobody's  business." 

For  Spears,  the  impact  of  Agee's  work 
went  beyond  mere  admiration.  "That  book 
became  my  companion,  and  in  that  way 
Agee  became  the  closest  thing  I  ever  had 
to  a  mentor.  Reading  Agee's  work  proba- 
bly had  as  much  to  do  with  my  becoming 
an  artist  as  anything  I  ever  did.  Having 
read  Let  Us  Now  Praise  Famous  Men,  I 
went  on  to  read  everything  else  he  wrote, 
trying  to  piece  together  what  I  could  of  the 
way  he  lived  his  life.  And  one  learns  a 
great  deal  by  delving  into  the  life  of  anoth- 
er— I  learned  what  to  avoid,  as  well  as 
what  to  pursue." 

Spears'  interest  in  the  life  and  work  of 
Agee  became  the  focus  of  his  first  feature- 
length  documentary  film,  Agee.  The  film 
follows  the  development  of 
Agee's  career  as 
he  grows  from  a 
[   young   boy   into 
a  poet,  journalist, 
film  critic,  screen- 
writer, and  Pulitzer 
Prize-winning  novel- 
'    ist.    Interviews  with 
some   of  the   people 
who  knew  Agee  best, 
including  Agee's  widow 
and  two  former  wives, 
provide     an     insightful 
ook   into   the   passions 
and  excesses  that  drove 
him.   In    1981,  Agee  was 
nominated  for  an  Academy 


Award  for  Best  Feature  Documentary,  the 
first  film  biography  of  a  major  American 
writer  to  receive  such  a  distinction. 

The  Electric  Valley  (1983)  and  Long  Shad- 
ows (1986)  were  Spears'  next  two  films. 
(Jude  Cassidy  '73  has  been  an  associate 
producer  for  all  of  Spears'  films.)  The  Elec- 
tric Valley  documents  the  fifty-year  history 
of  the  Tennessee  Valley  Authority,  the 
largest  energy-producing  organization  in 
the  United  States,  and  examines  the  polit- 
ical, economic,  and  environmental  issues 
behind  it.  Completing  The  Electric  Valley 
demanded  a  month's  filming  at  the  TVA, 
the  site  of  one  of  the  greatest  technologi- 
cal fantasies  and  economic  disasters  of  re- 
cent decades.  The  "largest  nuclear  plant  in 
the  world"  near  Nashville,  Tennessee,  was 
halted  in  mid-construction  after  having 
cost  more  than  two  billion  dollars,  leaving 
a  400-foot  cooling  tower  as  a  perpetual 
monument  to  man's  folly. 

While  working  on  Long  Shadows,  a  film 
on  the  legacy  of  the  Civil  War,  Spears 
recalls  filming  the  "grandchildren"  of  the 
hordes  of  vultures  that  flew  to  Gettysburg 
to  feast  on  dead  horses  after  the  battle  in 
1863.  "We  collected  roadkill  for  a  couple 
of  days,  placed  it  near  a  birdblind  we  had 
fashioned,  and  waited  at  dawn,"  Spears 
says.  "The  crows  found  it  first,  but  the  vul- 
tures quickly  scared  them  away;  we  all  had 
the  closest  shots  of  carrion-feeding  that  we 
would  ever  need  or  think  of  needing. 
Somehow,  that  dramatized  rather  effec- 
tively the  aftermath  of  a  horrible  battle." 

On  the  same  project,  he  joined  the 
North  Shore  Cemetery  Association  for  a 


"It's  fairly  easy 

to  create  the 

illusion  of  objectivity, 

but  that's  just  an 
additional  deception." 


pontoon-boat  trip  across  Fontana  Lake  to  a 
small  graveyard  completely  cut  off  by  water. 
The  association  "went  annually  to  care  for 
the  graves  of  their  ancestors,  to  pray  for 
them,  and  to  hold  one  of  the  most  magnif- 
icent country  picnics  I  ever  imagined," 
Spears  says.  "It  was  enormously  touching 
to  witness  the  reverence  with  which  these 
people,  some  very  old  and  tottery  them- 
selves, tended  the  graves  of  their  kin." 
With  his  most  recent  film,  Spears  has 


HELPING  INDEPENDENTS  HELP  THEMSELVES 


hen  Ross  Spears 
isn't  working  on 
his  own  films,  he  is 
busy  encouraging  the  efforts 
of  other  independent  film- 
makers as  director  of  the 
James  Agee  Film  Project. 

The  project  is  a  nonprofit 
corporation  that  was  estab- 
lished in  1974  to  provide  an 
organizational  framework  for 
the  creation  and  distribution 
of  first-rate  film  work.  It  has 
complete  production  facilities 
for  16mm  filmmaking,  in- 
cluding cameras,  recorders, 
computers,  and  editing  equip- 
ment. The  project  also  has  a 
"good,  although  under- 
funded" distribution  system 
for  making  the  films  available 
to  museums,  PBS  stations, 
universities,  and  libraries. 

With  headquarters  in  John- 
son City,  Tennessee,  and  an 
additional  office  in  New  York 
City,  the  project  assists 


fledgling  independent  film- 
makers. Spears  says  new 
works  by  filmmakers  from 
Virginia  and  South  Africa  will 
be  distributed  this  year. 

"As  a  region,  the  South 
receives  less  than  4  percent  of 
all  the  federal  grant  money 
given  for  independent  film 
production,"  says  Spears.  "We 
are  now  in  the  process  of  cre- 
ating apprentice  programs 
and  associate  programs  for 
young  Southern  filmmakers 
to  help  get  them  started  on 
their  careers." 

According  to  Spears,  the 
organization  was  started  sim- 
ply with  the  idea  of  making  a 
feature  documentary  about 
James  Agee — hence  the 
name.  After  the  film  Agee 
was  finished,  it  was  so  well 
received  that  the  founders  of 
the  project  decided  to  keep 
the  author's  name. 

"After  all,  Agee  was  also  a 


filmmaker  and  a  film  critic,  in 

addition  to  being  a  poet,  a 

novelist,  a  journalist,  and 

everything  else,"  Spears  says. 

"His  film  criticism  for  Time 

and  The  Nation  is  regarded  as 

some  of  the 

finest  ever 

written  and 

has  been 

collected  in 

a  volume 

called  Agee 

on  Film.  He 

was  a  film 

critic  who 

really  adored 

the  movies, 

but  at  the 

same  time 

held  them  up 

to  very  tough 

standards.  So  we  felt 

Agee  in  our  name  would  k 

us  honest  as  filmmakers. 

Maybe  some  of  his  talent  will 

rub  off  on  what  we  di 




turned  once  again  to  Agee.  To  Render  a 
Life:  'Let  Us  Now  Praise  Famous  Men  and 
the  Documentary  Vision  debuted  last  Jan- 
uary at  Duke  to  a  crowd  of  more  than 
1,400.  The  premiere  was  held  in  conjunc- 
tion with  a  one-day  conference,  "To  Ren- 
der a  Life  or  to  Change  the  World,"  that 
provided  a  forum  for  photographers,  writers, 
scholars,  community  service  volunteers, 
activists,  and  others  to  discuss  Agee  and 
Evans'  work  and  its  influence.  Both  events 
were  organized  by  Duke's  Center  for  Docu- 
mentary Studies  to  celebrate  the  fiftieth  an- 
niversary of  the  publication  of  Famous  Men. 
Working  with  writer  Silvia  Kerusan, 
Spears  has  documented  the  lives  of  the 
Glasses,  a  family  that  lives  in  the  rural 
South  today  and  endures  economic  condi- 
tions that  echo  those  of  the  sharecroppers 
Agee  wrote  about  during  the  Depression. 
To  Render  a  Life  is  also  about  the  book 
Famous  Men  and  includes  interviews  with 
documentarians  who  discuss  the  work  of 
Agee  and  Evans  as  well  as  the  nature  of 
the  documentary  process. 

"I  think  those  of  us  who  work  in  docu- 
mentary feed  emotionally  off  our  encoun- 
ters with  the  world,"  says  Spears,  "because 
we're  not  only  participating  in  that  world, 
but  also  observing  and  recording  it.  I  don't 
think  of  my  experiences  in  filmmaking  as 
unusual,  but  rather  as  rewarding,  or  mov- 
ing, or  memorable." 

Through  his  vast  range  of  filmmaking 
experiences,  Spears  has  been  constantly 
surprised  by  the  general  willingness  of  peo- 
ple to  be  filmed.  A  film  professor  once  told 
him  that  if  "you're  holding  a  camera,  you 
can  ask  a  person  to  hang  upside  down 
from  a  limb  and  they  will  be  glad  to  do  it." 
Spears  says  he  believes  that  is  mostly  true. 
"That  fact  places  a  good  deal  of  respon- 
sibility on  the  documentary  filmmaker," 
he  says,  "because  there's  always  a  danger  of 
pushing  people  into  doing  things  that  are 
going  to  be  more  poignant  or  more  excit- 
ing or  funnier  on-screen.  It  is  incredibly 
easy  to  make  people 
look  ridiculous  or  bi- 
zarre, and  much  of 
television  documen- 
tary work  is  based  on 
that  fact — easy  jokes 
and  cheap  shots. 

"The   most  reward- 
ing aspect  of  filmmak- 
ing for  me  is  that  it  of- 
fers an  opportunity  to 
talk  with  people  very 
personally  about  their  lives.  I  am  invited 
into  the   living  room  or  onto  the  back 
porch  and  given  the  chance  to  hear  about 
someone's  life  in  a  way  I  would  never  other- 
wise get.  I  have  had  the  opportunity  to  talk 
with  very  powerful  and  talented  people,  as 
well  as  with  very  poor  and  neglected  people, 


and  I  have  been  enormously  grateful  for 
these  encounters." 

Spears  interviewed  Jimmy  Carter  for 
two  films,  Long  Shadows  and  Agee.  "The 
first  time  was  just  before  he  was  president, 
when  everybody  wanted  to  talk  with  him. 
The  second  was  just  after  he  was  president, 
when  nobody  wanted  to  talk  with  him," 
Spears  says.  "On  both  occasions,  I  was  im- 
mensely impressed  with  the  very  relaxed 
sort  of  eloquence  he  can  muster  sponta- 
neously, which  rarely  showed  in  his  presi- 
dential addresses.  On  both  subjects  [Let  Us 
Now  Praise  Famous  Men  and  the  Civil 
War],  he  spoke  as  intelligently  as  any  histo- 
rian or  literary  person  I  ever  interviewed." 

Supporting  the  idea  that  the  documen- 
tarian's  main  pur- 
pose is  to  capture 
images  or  words 
that  reveal  the 
truth  about  the 
subject,  Spears 
says  that  it  is  in- 
evitable that  this 
truth  is  always 
filtered  through 
the  mind  and 
eyes  of  the  film- 
maker. "There  is 
absolutely  no 
such  thing  as  a 
completely 


"I  think  those  of  us 

who  work 

in  documentary 

feed  emotionally 

off  our  encounters 

with  the  world." 


objective  piece 
think  it's  fairly 


Southern  gentlemen:  Spears,  left  ,  interviews  Preside! 
Jimmy  Carter  for  his  Civil  War  documentary 


of  documentary  work.  I 
easy  to  create  the  illusion 
of  objectivity,  but  I 
think  that's  just  an 
additional  deception." 

Spears  says  he  most 
admires  work  that  makes 
"no  pretense  at  neutral- 
ity at  all"  and  is  "pas- 
sionately involved.  It 
really  is  a  paradox  be- 
cause, at  the  same  time, 
the  best  documentarians 
have  a  distance  on  the 
matter  and  try  to  see 
the  subject  as  objec- 
tively as  possible." 

Becoming    more    in- 


volved with  those  whose  lives  he  is  docu- 
menting is  particularly  difficult,  Spears 
says,  when  he  feels  he  has  to  reveal  some- 
thing about  them  that  could  be  embarrass- 
ing or  painful.  "I  have  worried  about  how 
the  Glass  family  will  react  to  my  showing 
the  myriad  cockroaches  in  their  kitchen, 
or  how  their  oldest  son  is  illiterate,  or  how 
broken-down  and  forlorn  their  outdoor 
toilet  is.  But  people  seem  to  handle  these 
revelations  about  their  weak  points  much 
bettet  than  I  think  they  can." 

Recording  lives  of  real  people  may  be 
problematic,  but  it  is  also  what  distin- 
guishes documentary  work.  "Of  course, 
when  you  analyze  it,  you  find  that  docu- 
mentaries and  fiction  films  are  far  more 
similar  than  not,"  Spears  says.  "Both 
manipulate  images  and  sound,  and  both 
use  language  composed  by  a  screenwriter. 
Both  also  employ  a  dramatic  structure  that 
is  inherently  fictional — that  is,  it  is  an 
invention  of  the  author  of  the  piece.  How- 
ever, I  agree  with  [documentary  filmmak- 
er] Fred  Wiseman,  who  said  that  real  life  is 
funnier,  more  tragic,  and  more  interesting 
than  anything  except  the  very  best  fiction. 
And  I  am  much  better  equipped  in  all 
ways  to  capture  it  in  documentary  than  I 
am  in  fiction."  ■ 


Boyd  is  a  free-lance  writer  living  in  Durham . 


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DUKE  DIRECTIONS 


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Dom  DeLuise  was  scared. 
His  trademark  husky 
voice,  spiked  with  the 
Brookly nese  of 
his  Bensonhurst, 
New  York,  home- 
town, lassoed  the  at- 
tention of  the  sixty- 
odd  bodies  in  the  room.  "I'm  really 
scared,"  he  said.  "The  last  time  I  was  on  a 
ship  there  was  food  everywhere. . . ." 

Like  almost  everyone  else  in  the  confer- 
ence room  of  the  fourteen-story  cruise  ship 
CostaClassica,  DeLuise  is  a  food  addict  and 
is  struggling  with  a  weight  problem.  And 
like  everyone  else,  he  was  asking  for  help. 

The  Duke  Diet  and  Fitness  Center  is  in 
the  business  of  helping.  It  is  also  in  the 
business  of  saving  lives,  careers,  relation- 
ships, and  shattered  self-esteem.  The  DFC, 
considered  one  of  the  top  weight-loss  clin- 
ics in  the  country,  organized  this  seven- 
day  luxury  cruise  to  the  Caribbean  as  just 
another  way  to  help  the  overweight  battle 
the  scales  and  put  a  bridle  on  their  run- 
away compulsive  eating  disorders. 

A  luxury  cruise  on  the  world's  newest 
and  most  expensively  built  ship  per  pas- 
senger to  keep  the  pounds  off?  Isn't  that 
like  walking  in  front  of  a  firing  squad  to 
get  away  from  the  bullets? 

"At  the  Duke  Diet  and  Fitness  Center, 
we  talked  about  how  to  change  your 
lifestyle  and  practice  some  of  the  things 
that  are  important  to  do  in  order  to  make 
your  lifestyles  healthier,"  Michael  Hamil- 
ton, the  physician  who  has  directed  the 
DFC  for  eight  years,  explained  to  his  cap- 
tive audience.  "We  do  all  of  this  in  a  fairly 
sheltered  environment.  We  also  talked 
about  what's  going  to  happen  when  we 
leave  the  DFC.  We  know  there's  a  real 
world  out  there.  The  cruise  will  be  a  good 
way  to  test  some  of  the  things  that  we 
teach  at  the  DFC.  There  couldn't  seem  to 
be  a  more  high-risk  adventure  than  a 
cruise." 

At  the  words  "high  risk,"  heads  stiff- 
ened, but  Dom  DeLuise  chuckled  naughti- 


THE  DIET  BOAT 

BY  MIKE  BELLOWS 


"If  you  can  survive  the 

cruise  and  not  gain 

weight,"  says  Michael 

Hamilton,  the  Duke 

Diet  and  Fitness  Center's 

director,  "then  you  can 

do  almost  anything." 


ly.  From  behind  his  thick,  wire-framed 
glasses,  Hamilton  placidly  scanned  the 
expectant  faces  in  the  room  and  smiled 
gently  at  his  guests.  "If  you  can  survive  the 
cruise  and  not  gain  weight,"  he  continued, 
"then  you  can  do  almost  anything." 

Roz  and  Jerome  Abrams  simply  wanted 
to  survive  the  first  dinner.  Their  table  was 
set  with  silver  flatware,  bone  china,  crystal 
glasses,  and  glowing  candles  in  silver  can- 
delabra. The  dining  room  buzzed  with 
activity.  Dishes  clattered,  glasses  clinked, 
and  the  waiters,  dinner  captains,  and  bus 
boys  dashed  in  and  out  of  the  maze  of 
chairs  and  tables. 

Roz  and  her  husband  Jerome,  a  white- 
haired  gynecologist  from  New  Jersey,  were 
the  first  to  be  seated,  and  waited  patiently 
for  the  rest  of  the  DFC  people  to  arrive. 
When  they  opened  their  menus,  they  were 
ambushed  by  a  platoon  of  florid  nouns  and 
adjectives  trumpeting  the  charge  of  a  six- 
course  meal.  The  appetizer  section  alone 
heralded  the  choices  of  five  different  dish- 
es: broccoli  terrine  with  vegetables  and 
goose  liver,  shrimp  cocktail,  fresh  mush- 
rooms with  scallions,  V-8  juice,  and  guava 
nectar.  There  were  two  choices  of  soups 


(double  consomme  with  leeks  and  fennel 
and  vegetable  soup,  Italian  style),  two 
choices  of  salads,  one  entremet  (ricotta 
ravioli  with  mushrooms  in  a  light  sauce), 
four  main  course  selections  (fillet  of  salmon, 
striploin  steak,  roast  breast  of  turkey,  and 
pork  tenderloin),  five  choices  of  vegeta- 
bles, an  apresmet  of  assorted  international 
cheeses,  and  six  desserts — enough  food  to 
meet  the  daily  calorie  recommendation  for 
the  next  seven  days  of  the  cruise.  And  it 
was  all  free. 

Sharing  the  same  page  as  the  wine  list 
on  the  right  hand  side  of  the  menu  was  the 
suggestion  of  an  optional  "lighter,"  "Cara- 
calla  Spa"  meal,  "lower  in  cholesterol, 
sodium,  and  calories."  It  itemized  the 
guava  nectar,  the  consomme,  a  salad,  the 
fillet  of  salmon,  and  fruit  for  dessert. 

The  waiter  approached  the  table.  The 
clatter  of  the  dishes  and  the  murmur  of  the 
dining  crowd  seemed  suddenly  to  dimin- 
ish. Poised  with  his  pen  and  pad,  he  stood 
and  waited  for  the  verdict.  Roz  made  the 
first  move. 

"The  Spa  meal,"  she  said,  with  ad- 
mirable discipline.  Her  faithful  partner 
backed  her  up  and  ordered  the  same.  By 
this  time,  other  members  of  the  DFC 
group  had  filled  the  remaining  six  chairs  at 
the  table,  and  each  in  turn  also  ordered 
the  Spa  meal. 

But  nobody  at  the  table  would  walk 
away  from  the  meal  unscathed.  When  the 
butter  and  the  bread  rolls  were  placed  on 
the  table,  few  could  resist.  "I  wasn't  hungry 
until  I  started  eating  this  bread,"  lamented 
an  older  woman  with  a  whitish-blonde 
bouffant  hairdo.  "This  triggers  everything." 
A  younger  woman  sitting  next  to  her  nod- 
ded in  agreement. 

Hobbling  on  a  cane,  Dom  DeLuise  ap- 
peared at  the  tableside  and  introduced  him- 
self ("Hi,  I'm  Dom").  The  cane  was  for  a 
rapidly  deteriorating  hip  joint.  Only  a  month 
after  the  cruise,  a  surgeon  would  replace 
the  ball  and  socket  bones  of  his  hip  joint 
with  metal  ones.  DeLuise  was  dapperly 
attired  in  a  black  tuxedo  with  an  oversized 


40 


black  bow  tie  and  a  black  neck  scarf. 
"What  do  you  think  about  the  butter?  I 
think  we  should  get  rid  of  it."  He  furrowed 
his  eyebrows.  "Someone  should  dress  up 
like  a  Nazi  and  take  control,"  he  said,  with 
a  stern  German  accent. 


the  DFC],"  Melanie  DeFrank  said.  "He  lost 
forty-seven  pounds  in  seven  weeks,  and  a 
hundred  pounds  in  one  year.  But  with  his 
job — being  on  the  road  all  the  time — it's 
so  difficult.  I've  gained  thirty  pounds  since 
I  married  him." 


The    lady    with    the    bouffant    hairdo  "I  became  a  believer,"  Tom  DeFrank 

pointed  a  finger  at  Roz.  "She's  eating  it."         wrote  in  a  Newsweek  article  after  his  stay 

For  a  second,  Dom  looked  taken  aback,  at  the  DFC  in  Durham  two-and-a-half 
then  quickly  searched  for  a  solution  to  years  ago.  "After  many  years  of  false  starts 
extricate  his  foot  from  his  mouth.  "I  think  and  yo-yo  dieting,  the  experience  persuad- 
you  should  have  it  if  you  want  it,"  he  said,  ed  me  that  the  programs  can  be  worth  the 
Quickly  changing  the  sub- 
ject, he  announced,  "I'm 
trying  to  organize  everyone 
sitting  together,"  and  left 
the  tableside. 

Although  everyone  or- 
dered the  fixed  Spa  meal, 
the  waiter  kept  bringing  un- 
requested  food  to  the  table. 
Each  time  the  waiter  flaunt- 
ed a  dish,  the  dieting  din- 
ers shook  their  heads  and 
glowered  contemptously. 
They  snubbed  the  shrimp 
cocktail,  rejected  the  mush- 
rooms and  scallions  in  olive 
oil,  and  rebuffed  the  broc- 
coli terrine  with  vegetables 
and  goose  liver.  But  by  the 
time  the  waiter  passed  the 
sharp-smelling  ricotta  ravi- 
oli in  tangy  tomato  sauce 
under  their  tortured  noses, 
several  heads  nodded  for  a 
helping. 

Roz  asked  a  young  man 
sitting  to  her  left  why  he 
was  here,  referring,  evident- 
ly, to  his  thin  physique. 

"I'm  here  to  eat  healthi- 
ly," he  said. 

"Good  answer."  Her 
secret  agent  eyes  returned 
to  the  food  on  her  plate. 

"Thin  people  need  to 
watch  what  they  eat  too." 

"Why  is  that?" 

"Poor  nutrition.  If  we 
don't  eat  the  right  foods, 
we  can  end  up  on  the  oper- 
ating table  just  like  anyone 
else." 

The  conversation  turned  to  a  quiet  mid- 
dle-aged couple  seated  to  the  young  man's 
left.  The  lady  was  very  tall  and  had  long 
black  hair  with  renegade  strands  of  gray. 

"Why  did  you  pick  the  cruise?"  the 
young  man  asked  the  lady. 

"My  husband,"  she  responded.  "He's  giv- 
ing a  speech."  Her  husband  is  Tom 
DeFrank,  the  White  House  correspondent 
for  Newsweek  magazine.  He  had  been 
mentioned  in  the  trip  brochure  as  a  "spe- 
cial guest."  "Tom  was  in  the  program  [at 


Shipshape:  Diet  and  Fitness  Cente 


celebrate  healthy 


hundreds  of  millions  of  dollars  poured  into 
them  by  the  overweight."  Not  only  did 
DeFrank  succeed  in  reducing  his  weight, 
but  his  cholesterol  level  dropped,  his  blood 
pressure  returned  to  normal,  and  a  pro- 
tracted ankle  injury  quit  bothering  him. 
"What's  more,"  he  wrote,  "I  was  suddenly 
imbued  with  the  sexual  energy  of  a  twen- 
ty-year-old lifeguard." 

A  few  tables  over,  Walter  Scott,  DFC 
veteran  and  chairman  of  the  board  of  the 
Friends  of  the  DFC,  was  having  difficulty 
deciding  what  to  have  for  dessert.  Visions 


of  the  cheesecake  in  strawberry  sauce  and 
the  cream  cheese  carrot  cake  danced  in  his 
head.  Finally,  he  narrowed  it  down.  "The 
carrot  cake  is  so  tempting,"  he  said.  So  the 
carrot  cake  for  his  wife  and  the  pink  grape- 
fruit sherbert  for  himself.  "There's  nothing 
you  can't  have  to  eat,"  he  later  explained 
to  the  DFC  group.  "You  can  have  the  car- 
rot cake.  Hopefully,  you've  learned  that 
you  can  have  half  of  that  cake.  It's  worse 
to  feel  deprived  than  to  have  a  little." 
DeLuise  had  his  own  theory.  "I  find  that 
if  I  have  half  a  piece  of 
carrot  cake,  in  the  mid- 
dle of  the  night  I  want 
the  other  half." 

The  next  day,  the 
DFC  staff  went  into  high 
gear.  At  eight  a.m., 
there  was  a  "walk-a- 
mile"  around  the  jog- 
ging track  on  the  top 
deck  ("six  times  around 
is  a  mile"),  followed  by 
a  stretch-and-relax  ses- 
sion and  an  aerobics 
class.  At  ten,  Michelle 
Tuttle,  the  official  DFC 
nutritionist,  gave  a 
menu-planning  class  that 
covered  tips  and  strate- 
gies on  calorie  counting 
("Know  the  caloric  value 
of  foods,"  "Stay  within 
your  daily  calorie  bud- 
get," "Spread  your  calo- 
ries throughout  the 
day");  meal-planning 
("Pre-plan  your  meals," 
"Avoid  eating  between 
meals,"  "Use  your  food 
diaries");  and  special  re- 
quests ("Order  items 
poached,  steamed, 
broiled  or  grilled  instead 
of  sauteed  or  fried," 
"Order  sauces  and  salad 
dressings  on  the  side," 
"Ask  for  skim  milk,  larg- 
er salads,  and  no-fat,  no- 
cholesterol  'Egg  Beater' 
omelets"). 

There  was  a  "visual- 
ization" session,  in  which  clients  use  their 
imaginations  and  senses  to  change  their 
behavior  and  increase  their  confidence, 
led  by  DFC  Behavioral  Director  Ronette 
Kolotkin.  She  also  made  herself  available 
for  private  counseling  and  group  therapy 
sessions.  At  two  o'clock,  DFC  Fitness 
Director  Peggy  Keating  lectured  on  fitness 
fundamentals,  then  led  the  group  up  the 
elevators  to  the  Caracalla  Spa  fitness 
room.  There,  she  demonstrated  the  use  of 
the  Nautilus  equipment,  treadmills,  Lifecy- 
cles,  and  rowing  machines.  Topping  off 


41 


the  day's  activities  was  a  lecture,  "New 
Developments  in  Preventive  Cardiology," 
by  DFC  founder  Siegfried  Heyden,  who  is 
also  an  internist  and  professor  at  the  Duke 
Medical  Center.  Translating  mundane 
statistics  and  complex  medical  terminolo- 
gy into  fun  and  fascinating  facts,  the 
Swiss-born  physician  revealed  the  latest 
information  available  on  heart  disease  and 
other  medical  complications  related  to 
improper  eating  habits. 

There  are  four  major  components  to  the 
DFC  program:  exercise,  behavior  modifica- 
tion, nutrition  education,  and  medicine. 
Probably  the  key  to  it  all,  and  what  sets 
the  DFC  apart  from  most  other  weight-loss 
programs,  is  what  has  become  the  center's 
mantra:  The  DFC  program  is  not  a  diet 
(read:  temporary  deprivation  for  temporary 
solutions),  but  a  permanent  change  in  im- 
proper eating  habits  and  unhealthy  life- 
styles that  promises  long-term  results. 

By  dinner  time,  the  mood  of  the  war- 
riors against  fat  had  changed  perceptibly. 
The  infusion  of  practical  information  and 
positive  assistance  from  the  staff  appeared  to 
have  boosted  the  cruise-goers'  confidence 
and  enthusiasm.  Goals  had  been  set,  the 
strategies  to  achieve  them  had  been  mapped 
out,  faces  had  become  familiar,  and  every- 
one looked  smart  in  formal  evening  attire 
for  the  Captain's  Welcome  Gala  dinner. 
Even  the  menu  seemed  less  threatening. 
With  renewed  vigor,  the  survivors  hop- 
scotched  with  ease  back  and  forth  across 
both  sides  of  the  menu,  choosing  their 
food  items  from  among  the  selections  of 
the  eight-course  meal  and  the  Spa  Menu 
to  fit  their  personal  calorie  guidelines.  The 
rolls  and  butter  were  banned  from  the 
tables,  and  the  dangerous,  unhealthy  con- 
diments were  replaced  by  alternative 
healthy  ones:  No-Salt,  Butter  Buds  sprin- 
kles, Sweet  and  Low,  salt-free  Mrs.  Dash 
seasoning,  and  salt-free  Mrs.  Dash  sauce. 

Dom  DeLuise  sprinkled  Tabasco,  his 
favorite  condiment,  on  almost  everything 
on  his  plate.  "Dr.  Heyden  says  it's  good  for 
fat  people,"  he  explained.  "It  makes  the 
dish  more  satisfying." 

More  importantly,  the  waiters  and  the 
kitchen  staff  went  beyond  the  call  of  duty  to 
accommodate  the  special  needs  of  this  spe- 
cial group.  The  kitchen  made  the  salads 
larger,  everyone  could  order  steamed  veg- 
etables instead  of  sauteed  or  boiled,  and 
plain  pasta  could  be  prepared  without  butter 
or  oil.  And  Branko,  a  Yugoslavian  waiter,  re- 
fused to  let  anyone  order  the  dangerous  cream 
of  mushroom  soup.  "Out  of  the  menu,"  he 
would  say  firmly  in  his  thick  accent. 

Seventy-year-old  Ken  Urscula  had  turned 
to  the  DFC  two  years  ago  when  he  was  lit- 
erally at  the  end  of  his  rope.  After  his  doc- 
tor told  him  he  had  cancer,  Ken  felt  his 
life  was  finished,   so  he  decided  to  eat, 


The  clatter  of  dishes  and 
murmur  of  the  dining 

crowd  seemed  suddenly 

to  diminish.  Poised  with 
his  pen  and  pad,  the 

waiter  stood  and  waited 
for  the  verdict. 


drink,  and  smoke  all  he  wanted.  His 
weight  skyrocketed  to  340  pounds.  "I  got 
so  big  I  couldn't  sleep  in  bed,"  he  recalled. 
"It  killed  my  back  and  I  just  absolutely 
couldn't  get  up  out  bed."  So  every  night  he 
slept  sitting  up  in  a  chair  in  his  living  room. 

"He  had  at  least  one  episode  when  he 
stopped  breathing,"  his  wife  Vera,  said, 
"and  he  started  to  turn  gray.  Every  morn- 
ing..."— her  voice  broke  and  she  struggled 
to  control  the  sobs  lodged  in  her  throat — 
"every  morning,  I  was  afraid  to  come 
downstairs  because  I  thought  he'd  be  dead 
in  the  chair." 

"All  of  a  sudden,"  said  her  husband, 
"you  get  to  the  age  when  you  say,  'Hey, 
this  is  your  last  chance.'  You  know,  either 
you  do  something  about  it  now  or  that's  it. 
I  knew  that  if  I  didn't  lose  weight,  my  life 
was  over  with."  A  friend  whose  son  had 
been  to  the  DFC  told  Urscula  about  the 
progam  and  sent  him  some  literature. 
Then,  Vera  came  across  an  article  about 
the  DFC  in  Newsweek  and  placed  it  by  his 
chair.  It  was  the  same  article  Tom 
DeFrank  wrote  in  1989.  A  week  later, 
Urscula  made  the  decision  to  enroll. 

"In  about  three  or  four  weeks  at  the 
DFC,  I  finally  got  to  the  point  where  I 
could  sleep  lying  down  again."  In  his 
seven-week  stay  at  the  DFC,  Ken  shed 
forty  pounds,  then  unloaded  an  additional 
ninety  pounds  following  the  principles  of 
the  program  at  home. 

"My  life  changed  100  percent,"  he  said. 
"I  could  go  out,  get  dressed  up,  go  to 
restaurants,  and  sit  in  normal  chairs.  My 
back  got  better,  and  my  hypertension  went 
away.  Now,"  he  said,  as  if  it  were  a  mira- 
cle, "I  can  walk  up  the  steps  without 
touching  the  rail."  And  the  radiation 
treatment  for  his  cancer  seemed  to  work. 
He  leaned  back  in  his  chair  like  a  king  on 
his  throne.  "I  should  have  been  dead  years 
ago,"  he  said.  "I  owe  the  DFC  my  life." 

During  the  island-hopping,  most  of  the 
DFC  people  seemed  to  have  no  problems 
adhering  to  their  carefully  thought-out 
meal  plans.  Bob  McDonough  admitted  to 


"cheating"  when  he  took  a  taxi  to  a  restau- 
rant on  the  other  side  of  St.  Maarten, 
where  he  ate  lunch  and  had  a  glass  of 
wine.  "But  I've  been  good,"  he  said.  "If  I 
blow  it  once,  it's  not  going  to  kill  me." 

"My  father  was  a  garbage  man,"  Dom 
DeLuise  was  explaining  later  in  a  stand-up 
monologue  for  the  DFC  passengers  gath- 
ered in  the  conference  room.  Along  with 
some  of  the  other  DFC  staff,  Sarah  Hill  sat 
near  the  back  of  the  audience  laughing 
uninhibitedly.  "If  you  need  any  garbage," 
he  continued,  "we  still  have  some  left." 
He  pointed  with  splayed  fingers,  rolled  his 
hands  like  he  was  beating  an  egg,  and 
karate-chopped  the  air  with  his  thumb  and 
forefingers  pressed  together  to  emphasize  a 
point. 

"....Yeah,  I  could  lose  another  hundred 
pounds.  I  did  lose  ninety-six  pounds  when 
I  went  to  the  DFC.  And  I  saw  my  feet  the 
other  day,  I'm  so  happy.  I  can't  wait  to  lose 
the  rest  of  the  weight  and  then  I  can  see," 
he  scratched  the  top  of  his  balding  head, 
"you  know,  everything  else."  Naughty 
laughter  trickled  from  the  audience  and 
Dom  tapped  the  microphone  with  his  fin- 
ger, checking  to  see  if  the  power  had  been 
cut  off.  "Hello?"  he  said  into  the  micro- 
phone. "Hello?" 

Two  weeks  after  the  cruise,  Dom  DeLuise 
found  himself  in  a  rented  Oldsmobile 
creeping  along  a  darkened  road  deep  inside 
the  North  Carolina  woods — many  hun- 
dreds of  miles  from  the  nearest  cruise  ship 
or  tropical  island.  He  had  checked  into  the 
DFC  in  Durham  to  get  help  bringing  his 
weight  down  before  his  hip  replacement 
surgery  in  April.  He  had  followed  the  pro- 
gram faithfully,  but  on  this  particular  night 
he  elected  to  forego  dinner  at  the  center  to 
drive  out  of  town  to  see  a  friend  perform  at 
Luege's,  a  local  restaurant  in  Hillsborough. 

But  getting  there  was  taking  longer  than 
he  expected.  In  unfamiliar  territory,  he  felt 
a  little  insecure.  It  was  nearly  eight  hours 
since  his  last  meal,  he  explained,  and  an 
empty,  desperate  feeling  was  closing  in  on 
him.  But  as  soon  as  he  sat  down  and  had  a 
menu  in  his  hands,  he  knew  he  was  going 
to  survive. 

Contrary  to  the  Italian  cuisine  its  name 
suggested,  Luege's  turned  out  to  be  a  main- 
ly vegetarian  restaurant.  With  quick,  shal- 
low breaths,  Dom  scanned  the  menu. 
There  was  pasta  salad,  a  vegetable  salad, 
hummus  and  vegetables  in  a  pita  pocket, 
vegetarian  chili,  and  even  a  meatless  tofu 
hot  dog.  Dom  read  from  the  menu,  order- 
ing quickly — and  properly. 

After  dinner,  he  sat  back  in  his  chair, 
took  a  deep  breath,  and  let  out  a  long, 
drawn-out  sigh.  "I  didn't  think  I  was  going 
to  make  it."  ■ 

Bellows  is  a  free-lance  writer  living  in  Durham. 


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^ 


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Fresh,  photos,  and  food:  Duke  Alumni  Associatic 
welcoming  picnic  for  the  Class  of  1996 


TOP  OF  THE 
CLASS 


Duke's  Class  of  1996  will  be  one  of 
the  strongest  ever,  according  to  fig- 
ures released  by  the  admissions 
office.  First-year  students'  combined  medi- 
an SAT  scores  ranged  from  1220  to  1410, 
comparable  to  last  year's  class.  (Duke  is 
among  a  group  of  selective  schools  that 
reports  SAT  averages  only  by  range.) 
More  than  88  percent  ranked  in  the  top  10 
percent  of  their  high  school  class. 

The  Class  of  1996  includes  246  students 
enrolled  in  the  School  of  Engineering  and 
1,380  in  Trinity  College  of  Arts  and  Sci- 
ences. The  total  of  1,626  first-year  stu- 
dents is  an  increase  of  about  seventy  over 
last  year. 

Duke  received  14,514  applications  and 
offered  admission  to  3,849  students,  or  26.5 
percent.  Those  figures  represent  a  slight 
increase  over  the  previous  year.  Once 
again,  North  Carolina  will  be  sending  the 
most  residents  to  Duke,  followed  by  New 
York,  New  Jersey,  Florida,  and  Pennsylva- 
nia. Admissions  Officer  Craig  Allen  says 
that  state  representation  fluctuates  from 


year  to  year,  with  Virginia  falling  out  of 
the  top  five  this  year,  replaced  by  Pennsyl- 
vania. Allen  also  notes  that  3.2  percent  of 
this  fall's  incoming  class  comes  from  for- 
eign countries. 

Minority  students  make  up  23.9  percent 
of  the  Class  of  1996,  a  slight  decrease  from 
last  year's  record-setting  figure  of  25  per- 
cent. Nine  percent  are  black,  4-1  percent 
Hispanic,  and  10.6  percent  are  Asian.  The 
class  also  includes  one  Native  American 
student. 


TWO  TAKEN  FOR 
GRANTING 


A  pair  of  Duke  researchers  who  have 
struggled  to  find  support  for  their 
innovative  work  have  been  award- 
ed prestigious  MacArthur  Fellowships. 

Popularly  known  as  "genius  grants,"  the 
awards  honored  Wendy  Ewald  of  the  Cen- 
ter for  Documentary  Studies  and  John  W. 
Terborgh  of  the  Center  for  Tropical  Con- 
servation. The  purpose  of  the  fellowship  is 
to  support  creative  work — which  might 
not  be  otherwise  funded — in  socially  sig- 
nificant fields. 

The  unrestricted  grants  make  no 
requirements  of  the  recipients  and  can  be 
used  in  any  way  the  winner  desires.  The 
size  of  the  grant  is  determined  by  the 
recipient's  age,  regardless  of  field.  Ter- 
borgh is  fifty-six,  and  Ewald  forty-one. 

Terborgh,  James  B.  Duke  Professor  of 
Environmental  Science  and  the  director  of 
Duke's  Center  for  Tropical  Conservation, 
will  use  his  $335,000  grant  to  help  launch 
a  vegetation  mapping  project  in  Peru  that 
can  be  used  as  a  benchmark  for  Amazon 
jungle  conservation  policy.  "Considering 
that  I  have  been  unsuccessful  in  attracting 
grant  support  from  any  source  whatsoever 
during  the  last  seven  years,"  Terborgh  says, 
"it's  quite  a  major  breakthrough." 

A  graduate  of  Harvard  with  a  Ph.D.  in 
plant  physiology,  Terborgh  spent  eighteen 
years  teaching  and  conducting  research  at 
Princeton.  He  came  to  Duke  in  1989  as 
the  Ruth  F.  DeVarney  Professor  of  Envi- 
ronmental Science.  Since  1963,  he  has 
conducted  annual  field  excursions  to  vari- 


ous tropical  forests. 

Terborgh  has  operated  a  scientific  re- 
search station  in  Peru's  Manu  National 
Park  since  1973,  where  he  has  supervised 
the  collection  of  data  on  plants,  animals, 
and  biological  processes  in  a  completely 
undisturbed  environment. 

The  vegetation  mapping  project  will 
document  which  tree  species  grow  in  spe- 
cific areas  of  the  Manu  National  Park  and 
other  undisturbed  regions  of  Peru.  Know- 
ing which  environment  each  species 
favors,  scientists  can  then  deduce  soil  and 
flooding  conditions  in  the  study  area. 

Terborgh's  research  was  profiled  in  the 
June-July  1991  issue  of  Duke  Magazine.  At 
that  time,  the  researcher  lamented  the 
lack  of  money  available  for  his  work,  say- 
ing, "It's  never  been  worse  than  it  is  right 
now.  Funding  for  the  kind  of  work  I  do  has 
virtually  dried  up." 

Obviously,  his  luck  changed.  And  Ter- 
borgh's good  fortune  didn't  stop  with  the 
MacArthur  award.  He  also  received  word 
that  he  will  receive  a  $150,000  award  over 
three  years  from  the  Pew  Scholars  Program 
in  Conservation  and  Environment. 

As  with  Terborgh,  Ewald  says  the  grant 
will  make  an  important  difference  in  pro- 
viding support  for  her  work.  "It's  kind  of 
like  getting  a  check  from  heaven,"  she  says 
of  her  $260,000  award. 

A  photographer,  writer,  and  educator  for 
more  than  twenty  years,  Ewald  has  com- 
bined an  unusual  approach  to  document- 
ing people's  lives  with  innovative  ideas  in 
teaching  children.  She  has  traveled  the 
world,  teaching  children  how  to  make 
photographs  and  collecting  their  stories. 

Ewald  has  worked  with  children  in 
Bombay,  villagers  in  India  and  the  Colom- 
bian Andes,  Mayan  and  Ladino  children 
in  Mexico,  the  children  of  Appalachian 
coal  miners,  inner  city  children  in  Hous- 
ton, Texas,  and  Durham,  and  children  of 
migrant  workers  in  Johnston  County, 
North  Carolina.  She  will  travel  this  fall  to 
South  Africa,  where  she  will  work  with 
children  in  both  Soweto  and  Afrikaaner 
communities. 

With  Ewald's  help,  children  have  built 
darkrooms,  learned  camera  and  processing 
skills,  and  mounted  exhibitions  of  their 
work  for  their  communities. 


Ewald,  a  research  associate  at  Duke's 
Center  for  Documentary  Studies,  is  help- 
ing the  Durham  school  system  explore 
ways  to  use  photography  in  the  language 
arts  curriculum.  With  the  underwriting  of 
The  Andy  Warhol  Foundation  for  the 
Visual  Arts,  Durham  is  being  used  as  a 
"laboratory"  for  testing  her  methods  and 
how  they  can  be  applied  and  institutional- 
ized in  a  public  school  system. 

Ewald  has  been  the  recipient  of  presti- 
gious awards  in  the  past,  but  says  this 
award  is  distinct.  "There  are  only  two 
other  photographers  who  have  gotten  one 
of  these  before.  This  helps  to  place  me  in  a 
different  position  in  my  field." 


FAMILY  VALUES  ON 
THE  FARM 

ale  Southern  black  farmers  are 
forty  times  more  likely  to  en- 
B  dorse  traditional  farm  family  val- 
ues than  are  white  farmers,  and  these 
strong  kinship  ties  may  help  to  counteract 
economic  disadvantages,  say  Duke  sociolo- 
gists Ida  Harper  Simpson  and  John  Wilson 
in  a  recent  study. 

Simpson  and  Wilson  presented  a  report 
discussing  their  findings  at  the  Conference 
for  Rural/Farm  Women  in  Agriculture  at 
the  University  of  California  at  Davis.  The 
paper  was  the  culmination  of  research 
done  in  1984  in  fourteen  North  Carolina 
counties,  seven  specializing  in  tobacco 
production  and  seven  specializing  in 
peanut  growing. 

The  paper  described  a  "property"  model 
for  the  traditional  farm  family,  where  the 
work  is  male-dominated  and  all  members 
of  the  family  work  for  the  good  of  the  fam- 
ily economy — the  farm — with  the  expec- 
tation that  a  son  will  inherit  and  work  the 
farm  eventually.  "The  whole — the  family 
farm — is  valued  more  than  its  constituent 
members,"  the  authors  say.  "The  'natural' 
or  'taken  for  granted'  way  of  living  is  one 
in  which  there  is  little  or  no  separation 
between  work  and  family  roles." 

This  model  is  contrasted  with  the  "func- 
tionally autonomous"  family  structure  that 
evolved  during  industrialization,  where 
individual  freedom  and  choice  for  family 
members,  especially  children,  are  valued 
more  than  any  idea  of  the  family  as  a  col- 
lective. The  researchers  said  contemporary 
urban  and  suburban  families  are  generally 
of  this  type. 

Simpson  and  Wilson  say  that  black 
farmers  are  economically  disadvantaged 
because  they  tend  to  have  smaller  farms 
and  less  equipment.  Black  farmers  are  "less 
able  than  whites  to  substitute  mechanical 
for  human  labor."  The  researchers  postu- 


48 


late  a  "scarce-resources"  model  of  the 
black  farming  family,  in  which  each  mem- 
ber is  highly  valued  and  highly  integrated 
into  the  family  economy. 

Another  reason  for  the  difference  in 
attitudes,  they  speculate,  is  the  more  pro- 
nounced exposure  of  white  families  to  the 
modern  culture  that  emphasizes  education, 
individualism,  and  personal  achievement. 

The  study  incorporated  interviews  with 
nearly  700  farming  couples. 


IDENTITY  IN 
CONFLICT 


With  the  end  of  the  Cold  War, 
the  sense  of  American  identity, 
according  to  several  Duke  schol- 
ars, has  cracked,  and  the  country  is  now  fac- 
ing an  identity  crisis.  They  say  the  symp- 
toms are  everywhere:  racial  issues  exploding 
in  Los  Angeles,  pro-choice  and  anti-abor- 
tion advocates  clashing  in  cities  across  the 
nation,  men  and  women  disagreeing  over 
the  import  of  the  Clarence  Thomas/Anita 
Hill  hearings,  and  tensions  among  the  poor, 
the  middle  class,  and  the  rich. 

"It's  Americans  against  Americans," 
says  Thomas  Lahusen,  chair  of  Duke's 
Slavic  languages  and  literature  depart- 
ment. "If  a  global  identity  isn't  based  on 
national  traditions — and  in  America  there 
is  no  single  national  tradition,  there  are 
many — we  go  back  to  other  identities,  like 
being  Italian  or  Chinese  or  white.  And 
that's  not  very  comfortable." 

Lahusen,  who  is  Swiss,  says  America  has 
always  identified  itself  "toward  something 
exterior.  The  first  definition  for  an  Ameri- 
can is — or  was — 'free'... 'I  am  free'... 'this  is 
a  free  country.'  Now  that  the  'evil  empire,' 
the  unfree,  is  suddenly  becoming  free, 
what  happens  to  the  American  identity?" 

Thomas  McCullough,  professor  of  reli- 
gion and  author  of  The  Moral  Imagination 
and  Public  Life  (1991),  thinks  that  a  failure 
of  national  leadership  is  part  of  the  prob- 
lem. "What  we  have  seen  the  last  fifteen 
years  is  just  an  unraveling  of  the  country," 
says  McCullough.  "People  have  been 
encouraged,  aided,  and  abetted  to  look  out 
for  number  one,  to  reduce  self-interest  to 
profit,  and  to  seize  the  moment,  so  that 
we've  simply  shut  our  eyes  to  the  mount- 
ing problems. 

"We  begin  with  the  premise  of  individu- 
al self-interest.  No  other  country  does 
that.  Every  other  country  begins  on  the 
basis  of  political  community.  Everywhere 
else  it's  just  assumed  that  we're  social 
beings.  But  here  it's  every  man  for  himself, 
and  the  devil  take  the  hindmost." 

Philip  Costanzo,  chair  of  Duke's  depart- 
ment of  psychology-social  and  health  sci- 


ences, also  sees  the  emphasis  on  American 
individualism  as  symptomatic  of  a  divided 
society.  In  Costanzo's  view,  there  is  a 
built-in  contradiction  between  two  of  the 
country's  most  revered  values,  freedom  and 
equality.  "Freedom  leads  to  inequality  by 
nature.  And  equality,  particularly  legisla- 
tive equality,  leads  to  some  restrictions  in 
freedom,"  he  says. 

"If  you  threaten  the  ideology  of  political 
equality — which,  for  example,  the  Rodney 
King  verdict  certainly  did — the  reaction  is 
going  to  come  from  the  disenfranchised. 
It's  going  to  come  from  the  streets.  It's 
going  to  come  from  the  homeless,  the 
working  poor,  from  minority  populations. 
The  people  who  are  getting  angry  are  the 
people  who  live  their  lives  in  the  everyday 
world." 

McCullough  thinks  that  if  Americans 
do  not  rediscover  a  sense  of  community 
responsibility,  "we'll  break  out  in  open 
conflict,  and  it  won't  be  confined  to  the 
inner  cities  where  there  are  gang  wars 
already.  There  are  going  to  be  gang  wars 
across  America  in  which  all  of  us  are  par- 
ticipating in  one  way  or  another  until  we 
find  other  ways  of  resolving  our  problems." 


FORECASTING 
THE  BIG  ONE 


Bi 


y  lowering  seismometers  into  wells 
to  measure  tiny  "microearthquakes," 
Duke  geologists  believe  they  have 
detected  subtle  pulses  of  quake  activity 
along  California's  San  Andreas  fault  that 
might  aid  earthquake  forecasting. 

Associate  Professor  Peter  Malin  and 
graduate  student  Mark  Alvarez  say  their 
findings,  reported  in  a  May  issue  of  Science, 
suggest  that  "stress  fronts,"  defined  by  tem- 
porary clusters  in  normally  random 
microearthquake  activity,  might  move 
along  the  fault  at  various  rates.  The  scien- 
tists theorize  that  when  these  stress  fronts 
are  slowed  by  strong  points  on  the  fault, 
they  leave  behind  some  of  their  energy. 
Eventually,  this  energy  triggers  the  moder- 
ate earthquakes  that  occur  at  Parkfield, 
California,  with  seeming  regularity. 

Moderate  tremblors — earthquakes  with 
a  magnitude  greater  than  5  on  the  Richter 
scale — have  occurred  at  Parkfield  since 
1857,  with  an  average  interval  between 
quakes  of  about  twenty-two  years.  Since 
the  last  moderate  quake  in  the  area  was  in 
1966,  the  scientists  believe  another  is  due 
any  time. 

Because  of  competing  vibrations  from 
wind,  human  activity,  or  even  the  pound- 
ing of  ocean  surf,  earthquakes  that  register 
near  zero  on  the  Richter  scale  cannot  usu- 


ally  be  recorded  at  the  surface,  according 
to  Malin.  But  Malin  and  Alvarez  were  able 
to  discover  the  pattern  by  lowering  seis- 
mometers into  area  wells,  filtering  out  sur- 
face noise. 

By  recording  as  deep  as  980  feet  under- 
ground, Malin  says  he  has  been  able  to 
obtain  very  faint  disturbances.  Because 
such  small  quakes  occur  every  day,  he 
can  quickly  assemble  a  large  number 
to  analyze  for  patterns. 

After    analyzing 
nearly  2,000       _ 
micro- 
earthquakes 
between    1 
and       1991 
Malin      dis- 
covered two 
"aseismic 
patches," 
where  little  ac- 
tivity took  place. 
One  of  the  patch- 
es, according  to  Malin, 
coincides  roughly  with  the  location  of 
the  1966  Parkfield  earthquake,  and  earlier 
records   show   that   the    1934   and    1922 
quakes  may  also  have  been  centered  there. 
Malin  and  Alvarez's  report  proposes  that 
future  moderate  quakes  may  again  be  cen- 
tered on  one  of  those  aseismic  patches. 


spelling  or  grammar,  the  essays  with  the 
most  misspellings  were  judged  as  worse 
arguments  than  the  papers  with  the  same 
argument  and  no  grammatical  or  spelling 
errors,"  Paine  says. 

The  widespread  use  of  the  computer 
spell-checker  is  having  some  effect  on  the 
type  of  spelling  errors  writers  make  and 
could  ultimately  affect  their  learned  ability 
to  spell,  says  Joe  Porter,  associate  professor 
of  English  at 
Duke. 


TEMPTING 
TUNES 


0$* 


KEEPING  A  CLOSE 
WATCH  ON  WORDS 


Vice  President  Dan  Quayle's  wel 
publicized  spelling  gaffe  during  a 
classroom  visit  in  June  has  focused 
new  attention  on  Americans'  ability  to 
spell. 

English  teachers  say  there's  not  enough 
evidence  to  brand  us  a  nation  of  poor  spel- 
lers. But  some  say  they  are  observing  in- 
teresting effects  of  the  prominence  of  com- 
puters with  spell-checkers,  current  teaching 
trends  emphasizing  more  substantial  issues 
of  writing  rather  than  the  mechanics,  and 
an  already  quirky  spelling  system. 

Duke  linguist  Ron  Butters,  an  English 
professor  and  editor  of  American  Speech, 
doesn't  believe  we  can  be  too  concerned 
with  spelling.  "I  believe  it  is  my  responsi- 
bility as  a  teacher  to  examine  student 
papers  for  both  content  and  mechanics 
like  spelling  and  grammar,"  says  Butters. 

Acknowledging  that  he  is  most  interest- 
ed in  the  content  of  a  student  paper, 
Charles  Paine,  who  teaches  first-year  com- 
position at  Duke,  says  that  good  grammar 
and  spelling  skills  remain  points  of  credi- 
bility for  many  professors.  "When  profes- 
sors were  asked  to  judge  some  papers  only 
for  the  argument,  without  any  attention  to 


Plop,  plop,  fizz, 

fizz:  when  melody 

makes  memory 


He  points  out  that 
spell-checkers 
don't  deal  with 
words  that,  even 
in  their  mis- 
spelling, are  still 
"real  English  words." 

For  example,  the  spell-checker  can't 
determine  whether  a  writer  has  chosen  the 
appropriate  spelling  of  "their"  or  "there"; 
the  writer  must  depend  upon  his  or  her 
own  knowledge  to  make  such  choices.  "I'm 
seeing  more  of  that  kind  of  effect  in  look- 
ing at  student  work,"  Porter  says. 

Butters  agrees  that  too  much  depen- 
dence on  the  spell-checker  can  cause  some 
embarrassing  moments — like  when  he 
wrote  Brutish  literature  instead  of  British 
literature,  and  the  spell-checker  saw  noth- 
ing wrong  with  that. 

But  Butters  says  that  he  doesn't  believe 
Americans'  spelling  skills  are  declining 
because  of  computer  spell-checkers. "Just  as 
people  have  to  have  a  certain  basic  knowl- 
edge before  they  can  use  a  calculator  in  a 
math  class,  they  also  must  have  basic 
spelling  skills  in  order  to  use  the  spell- 
checker  advantageously  as  a  tool,"  he  says. 


To  the  average  television  watcher, 
commercials  are  a  cue  to  channel 
surf  via  remote  control.  But  one  pro- 
fessor at  Duke's  Fuqua  School  of  Business 
scans  TV  to  find  the  ads. 

Wanda  Wallace,  assistant  professor  at 
Fuqua,   studies  jingles   to  determine   the 
effectiveness  of  music  in  advertising.  Her 
basic    conclusion:    Music    can    improve 
recall.  "One  reason  jingles  are  successful 
is    that    they're    catchy,    quick,    simple 
melodies      with      strong      rhythmical, 
rhyming,  alliterative,  and  poetic  proper- 
ties," she  says.   "The  structures  of  the 
melody  serve  as  a  cue  to  help  you  recall 
the  words.  Plus,  they're  often  repetitive." 
Effective  jingles  include  the  name  of 
the   product   in   a   repeated   verse   or 
refrain,     such    as    "I'm    a    Chiquita 
banana,"  or  "When  you  say  Budweiser, 
you've  said  it  all."  Otherwise,  consumers 
may  remember  the  catchy  song  but  have  no 
idea  which  product  goes  with  it,  Wallace 
says.  Also,  rhyming  is  an  important 
element  in  recall. 

About  75  percent  of  the 
ads  on  television  include 
background  music,  but  many 
companies  don't  have  jin- 
gles. Some  advertisers  use 
memorable  lines,  such  as  "99 
and  44/100  percent  pure."  Wal- 
lace's research  shows  that  the  same 
catchy  line,  heard  for  the  first  time, 
can  be  more  memorable  when  sung 
than  when  spoken. 
In  one  of  Wallace's  studies,  students 
saw  advertisements  that  were  exactly  the 
same,  except  in  one  the  lines  were  sung 
and  in  the  other  they  were  spoken.  Stu- 
dents who  saw  the  sung  advertisement  had 
better  product  recall,  liked  it  better,  and 
expressed  more  interest  in  purchasing  the 
product.  But  there  can  be  jingle  pitfalls. 

"Because  of  the  properties  of  music  and 
the  cues  given  in  music,  you  may  be  able 
to  recall  a  lot  more  but  that  doesn't  mean 
you've  thought  about  what  the  words 
meant,"  says  Wallace. 

To  be  prepared  to  teach  classes  on  ad- 
vertising as  well  as  for  her  research — 
which  has  the  aim  of  developing  a  better 
understanding  of  how  music  affects  peo- 
ple— Wallace  says  she  tries  to  watch  as 
many  commercials  as  possible.  But  often 
she  finds  it  difficult  to  watch  that  much 
television.  "I  definitely  pay  more  attention 
to  the  commercials  than  I  do  the  pro- 
gram," she  says.  "I  frequently  record  a  pro- 
gram and  then  fast  forward  through  the 
show  CO  watch  the  ads." 


49 


Bethlehem 

by  Gandhar  Jcuhi,  12 
"Peace  on  Earth" 


Noel  Stocking 

by  Tanya  Burton,  14 

"May  the  magic  of  the 

season  brighten  your 

new  year" 


s  Holiday 

Come,  be  a  part  of  another 
championship  season  as  Coach 
Krzyzewski  heads  up  his  fifth 
pediatric  card  campaign! 

Whimsical,  -wonderful  designs 
contributed  by  children... so  that 
our  holiday  cards  can  support  th( 
important  work  of  the  Duke  Chi 
dren's  Hospital.  Local  corporations  underwrite 
the  costs  of  printing  and  distribution  so  that  all 
proceeds  benefit  the  pediatric  bone  marrow  trans 
plant  program  and  Camp  Kaleidoscope,  where 
chronically  ill  children  experience  the  joys  of 
summer  camp. 

1992  underwriters  are  ATCOM,  Inc.;  Durham 
Coca-Cola  Bottling  Co.;  IBM  Coastal  Employees 
Federal  Credit  Union;  and  Mebane  Packaging 
Corporation. 

Pack  of  24  cards  and  envelopes  (all  one  design  or 
variety  packs  —  six  of  each  design),  $10.  Pack  orders 
mailed  by  October  20  will  ensure  delivery  by  Novem 
ber  20,  but  orders  will  be  accepted  after  that  date. 


Long-legged  Reindeer 

by  Cajdandra  Bennett,  11 
"Looking  your  way  to  wish 
you  a  wonderful  holiday" 


Train 

byMelLiM  Breitenfetdt,  10 
from  far  and  near  coming  to 
bring  you  holiday  cheer" 


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DUKE  BOOKS 


San  Camilo,  1936:  The  Eve, 
Feast,  and  Octave  of  St.  Camil- 
lus  of  the  Year  1936  in  Madrid. 

EN  Camilo  Jose  Cela.  Translated  by  John 
H.R.  Polt.  Durham:  Duke  Press,  J99l.  300 
pp.  $45.95  cloth,  $14.95  paper 


Although  Spain's 
Camilo  Jose  Cela 
was  awarded  the 
Nobel  Prize  for  Lit- 
erature in  1989,  few 
Americans  know  his 
work  or  easily  rec- 
ognize his  name. 
Nevertheless,  San  Camilo,  1936,  has  plen- 
ty of  what  American  audiences  love  best: 
sex  and  violence,  and  more  sex  and  more 
violence.  Not  the  voyeuristic,  watered- 
down  kind  that  makes  Danielle  Steele 
books  such  tempting  turn-ons  for  the 
polite  but  pruriently  interested,  but  rather 
the  heavy-moaning,  teeth-clenched  kind 
that  sends  conservative  do-gooders  into 
fits  of  moralistic  rage. 

But  that's  life,  and  indeed  it  is  in  this 
intense  and  rambling  novel,  first  published 
in  Spanish  in  1989.  And  that's  partly  the 
point  that  Cela  wants  to  make:  that  sex, 
inspired  by  love  or  lust;  random  violence; 
messy  politics;  fear  of  change;  confusing 
struggles  for  power;  and  the  daily,  condi- 
tioned behavior  of  individuals  and  their 
society  are  the  stuff  of  which  life  and  his- 
tory are  made. 

After  all,  noted  Cela  in  1951,  "The  cul- 
ture and  tradition  of  man,"  like  those  of 
the  hyena  or  the  ant,  are  basically  preoc- 
cupied with  "nourishment,  reproduction, 
and  destruction."  Sound  cynical?  It  isn't. 
Like  Graham  Greene,  on  whom  critics 
also  slapped  that  label,  Cela  looks  reality 
right  between  the  eyes  and  serves  it  back 
to  us  with  "irony  and  compassion,"  as 
translator  John  H.R.  Polt  of  the  University 
ot  California  at  Berkeley  observes.  People 
do  the  darndest  things,  like  killing  and 
making  passes  at  the  housekeeper. 

Cela's  San  Camilo,  J 936,  translator  Polt 
notes,  is  the  writer's  "attempt  to  come  to 
grips  with  his  experiences  and... those  of 
all  Spaniards"  in  the  period  leading  up  to 
the  outbreak  of  Spain's  bloody  civil  war  on 
July  18,  1936.  (That  date  was  also  St. 
Camillus'  Day,  Camilo  Jose  Cela's  own 
saint's  day.)  For  this  seventy-six-year-old 
writer,  whose  first  novel,  The  Family  of 


Moments  of  unrest:  Madrid  edges  toward  civil  war 

Pascual  Duarte,  appeared  in  1942,  San 
Camilo,  J 936  is  poetic  and  expansive, 
philosophical,  and  down-to-earth. 

Stylistically,  it  mirrors  the  chaos  of  the 
times  it  describes  in  a  free-form  text  that 
runs  on  and  on.  Cela  has  always  experi- 
mented with  narrative  techniques;  here, 
they  recall  similar  efforts  by  William 
Faulkner,  John  Dos  Passos,  and,  of  course, 
James  Joyce.  There  are  no  paragraphs  or 
quotation  marks.  In  fact,  there  is  virtually 
no  punctuation  at  all.  Conversation,  nar- 
ration, news  reports,  and  advertising 
announcements  flow  together  in  a  seam- 
less word  collage.  As  stream-of-conscious- 
ness  story-telling,  this  is  a  torrential  cas- 
cade. But  the  book  is  broken  up  into 
chapters,  and  the  reader  can  quickly  settle 
into  the  rhythm  of  Cela's  prose. 

The  novel's  nameless  narrator,  a  roughly 
autobiographical  reflection  of  the  author, 
offers  a  first-person,  eyewitness  account  of 
the  events  and,  at  the  same  time,  addresses 
an  unspecified,  second-person  "you"  (his 
countrymen).  In  this  way,  he  speaks  to  and 
for  Spanish  society  itself.  Twenty  years 
old,  bourgeois,  suffering  from  tuberculosis 
(as  did  Cela  himself),  and  due  to  be  draft- 
ed in  1937,  this  narrator  should  be  study- 
ing hard  in  order  to  land  a  good  job.  But  as 
Polt  notes  in  an  introduction  that's  as 
lucid  as  his  translation,  this  hero-as-every- 


man  is  "really  interested  in  literature  and 
much  concerned  with  sex." 

In  San  Camilo,  1936,  maids  in  the 
pantry,  teenagers  in  cars,  couples  at  the 
movies,  husbands  in  bordellos,  and  wives 
back  at  home  can  all  be  found  lifting  their 
skirts  or  dropping  their  trousers  in  a  frenzy 
of  fornication  that  echoes  the  mounting 
tension  felt  throughout  Spanish  society  on 
the  eve  of  the  war.  Weaving  in  recollec- 
tions of  real  events,  Cela  mentions  the  sor- 
did killings  that  took  place  between 
monarchists  and  Fascists  of  the  Right  and 
Assault  Guard  troopers  and  other  opera- 
tives of  the  Left. 

"Spain  can  die  in  our  hands  any  day, 
Spain's  blood  is  poisoned  and  we  have  to 
make  her  breaths  pure  air,  what  I  don't 
know  is  where  we  ought  to  start,  do  you 
know?"  says  the  narrator's  Uncle  Jeronimo, 
an  ambiguous  figure  at  best,  in  the  novel's 
epilogue.  If  sex  is  a  form  of  nervous  energy, 
it  is  a  release  from  tension,  too.  Sex  here  is 
neither  passionate  nor  pretty.  Hot  and 
sweaty,  it's  the  prelude  to  a  bloodletting. 

That  conflict,  as  the  world  would  later 
learn,  became  as  gory  as  Goya's  images  of 
war.  Corpses  were  mutilated;  on  either  side 
of  the  fighting,  no  indignity  was  spared. 
The  novel's  most  remarkable  quality  is 
that  it  offers  a  long  view  through  a  short 
lens  of  this  soul-scarring  period,  thanks  to 
the  multiple  vantage  points  of  Cela's  nar- 
rator and  the  wide  field  of  vision  provided 
by  his  meditative,  all-encompassing  style. 

"[S]een  from  close  up,"  the  young  narra- 
tor observes,  "history  confuses  everyone, 
both  actors  and  spectators,  and  is  always 
very  tiny  and  startling,  and  also  very  hard 
to  interpret."  As  a  sprawling  mood  piece, 
San  Camilo,  1936  coughs  up  the  details  of 
everyday  life  from  which  the  Spanish  Civil 
War's  personal  and  public  histories,  how- 
ever tragic,  were  born.  How  to  read  it?  Per- 
haps not  for  a  typical  story  or  plot.  But  for 
language  rich  in  self-reflection  ("fear  is  the 
egg  of  hope")  and  as  a  trenchant  study  of 
the  human  condition  ("be  satisfied  with 
what  other  people  give  you,  the  crumbs 
from  the  banquet  table,  some  people  are 
worse  off,  some  people... can't  even  swal- 
low the  crumbs"). 

Polt,  a  long-time  specialist  in  Spanisb 
and  Spanish-American  literature,  provides 
an  indispensable  glossary  of  the  novel's 
abundant  cast  of  characters  and  of  histori- 
cal events  cited  in  the  novel.  Both  tor  its 


i\ 


literary  merit  and  handsome  design,  and 
for  making  a  major  part  of  Cela's  oeuvre 
available  in  English,  this  volume  will 
occupy  an  important  place  on  Duke  Press' 
fiction  list.  A  powerful  work  of  modern 
European  literature  that  deserves  to 
become  better-known  in  the  United 
States,  it's  a  text  to  be  savored,  presented 
here  in  an  edition  to  keep  and  share. 

— Edward  M.  Gomez  '79 

Gomez,  a  former  Time  correspondent,  writes  for 
Artnews  and  Conde  Nast  Traveler.  A  member 
of  Duke  Magazine's  Editorial  Advisory  Board,  he 
lives  in  New  York  City. 


Spin  Control:  The  White  House 
Office  of  Communications  and 
the  Management  of  Presidential 
News. 

JEty  John  Anthony  Maltese  '82.  Chapel  Hill: 
L/NC  Press,  1992.  312  pp.  $29.95. 

In  Spin  Control,  John  Anthony 
Maltese  presents  the  reader  with  a 
rigorously  detailed  and  sometimes 
moving  record  of  the  people  and 
political  gambits  that  go  into 
presidential  image  management. 
Maltese's  self-described  task  is  to 
trace  the  origins  and  development 
of  the  White  House  Office  of  Communi- 
cations, taking  both  a  political-historical 
and  a  political-scientific  approach.  Relying 
almost  exclusively  on  his  and  others'  inter- 
views of  primary  players  from  the  Nixon  to 
Bush  administrations,  Maltese  loads  the 
text  with  particulars  concerning  who  did 
what,  when,  and  how.  This  is  the  kind  of 
insider  dope  that  the  public  can  rarely 
access,  and  it  often  surprises. 

The  mass  of  detail  Maltese  marshals 
may  be  junk  food  for  the  political  junkie, 
but  it  becomes  leaden  without  a  story  or 
thoughtful  reflection  by  the  author  to  give 
it  wider  meaning.  It  is  in  the  chapters  on 
the  Richard  Nixon  administration  that 
Maltese  most  artfully  blends  the  empirical, 
personal,  and  analytical.  He  gets  the 
details,  but  he  doesn't  lose  what  is  an 
intriguing  story.  Using  the  changing  for- 
tunes of  Herbert  Klein,  Nixon's  manager 
of  communications,  as  a  barometer  for  the 
administrations's  shifting  approach  to  press 
relations  is  a  nice  device.  Klein's  compara- 
tively minor  tragedy  neatly  mirrors  the 
larger  tragedy  of  Nixon's  presidency,  which 
was  rooted  in  the  president's  anxieties  about 
control  of  his  press-mediated  image.  Mal- 
tese betrays  sympathy  for  Klein  and  a  lack 
thereof  for  Nixon  and  his  other  assistants. 

The  other  chapters  can't  match  those 
on  Nixon  L.L.B.  '37,  who  gets  the  lion's 
share  of  ink.  This  may  be  due  in  part  to 
qualities  inherent  in  that  administration 


and  lacking  in  others.  But  Maltese  occa- 
sionally misses  what  might  prove  an  inter- 
esting and  revealing  story.  The  chapter  on 
President  Gerald  Ford  ends  without  detail- 
ing how  the  Office  of  Communications 
was  used  to  narrow  the  gap  between  Ford 
and  Jimmy  Carter  during  their  1976  con- 
test. Ford  nearly  ascended  from  the  depths 
of  unpopularity  to  overcome  the  once 
invincible  Carter.  How  did  he  do  it,  and 
what  role  did  his  Office  of  Communica- 
tions play?  Maltese's  failure  to  pursue  this 
is  puzzling,  given  that  one  of  his  central 
points  throughout  is  that  the  Office  of 
Communications'  activities  carry  over  into 
the  electoral  arena. 

With  the  possible  exception  of  the 
Nixon  chapters,  the  work  lacks  the  reflec- 
tion on  the  larger  meaning  of  the  material 
presented.  Maltese  demonstrates  a  predi- 
lection for  describing  organization  charts 
and  recounting  events.  In  his  effort  to 
blend  political  history  and  science,  he  has 
given  undue  weight  to  the  former.  For 
example,  there  is  no  analytical  logic  to  the 
book's  organization.  There  is  no  evolution 
in  the  Office  of  Communications'  struc- 
ture. Indeed,  each  administration  seems  to 
make  similar  mistakes  and  re-learn  the 
same  truths  as  its  predecessors,  something 
Maltese  does  not  explore.  Why,  then,  pre- 
sent the  material  in  chronological  order? 

If  there  is  no  particular  logic  to  commu- 
nications structure  or  strategy,  then  noth- 
ing is  lost  by  Maltese's  approach.  But  the 
author  should  discuss  the  possibility  that 
some  logic  does  exist.  This  could  be  ac- 
complished by  linking  Maltese's  inquiry  to 
other  areas  of  research,  something  conspic- 
uously absent  in  Spin  Control.  One  possi- 
bility: perhaps  presidential  style,  on  which 
there  is  a  fairly  extensive  literature,  leads 
to  different  communications  structure  and 
strategy. 

A  crucial  dynamic  that  needs  fuller  and 
more  explicit  exploration  is  the  chicken- 
and-egg  question  of  press  and  administra- 
tion behavior.  Who  is  reacting  to  whom  and 
when?  If  administration  gambits  are  gauged 
to  press  behavior,  then  are  the  news 
media's  actions  driving  presidential  behav- 
ior? Or  is  it  more  accurate  to  say  that  jour- 
nalists must  react  to  the  White  House,  and 
therefore  administration  actions  drive 
Fourth  Estate  behavior?  Here  again,  Mal- 
tese might  have  done  well  to  refer  to  schol- 
arly work  in  related  areas.  The  symbiotic 
relationship  between  press  and  president 
has  been  thoughtfully  explored  by  Duke 
political  scientist  David  Paletz  and  Robert 
Entman  '71,  and  Christopher  Arterton  has 
done  exemplary  work  on  this  subject. 

A  related  point  is  that  Maltese's  exposi- 
tion of  attempts  at  manipulation  begs  for 
some  thoughtful  conclusions  about  the 
nature  of  power.  How  integral  is  commu- 


nications strategy  to  political  power?  How 
much  does  the  press  have,  and  how  much 
the  president?  If,  as  Samuel  Kernell  has 
argued,  the  essence  of  presidential  power  is 
going  public,  appealing  directly  to  the  citi- 
zenry rather  than  working  through  the 
branches  of  government,  what  does  Mal- 
tese's research  suggest  about  how  powerful 
a  president  can  be?  At  a  more  normative 
level,  is  it  desirable  for  a  president  to  put 
together  a  smooth,  effective  communica- 
tions operation?  In  a  representative  democ- 
racy, do  we  want  the  chief  executive  to 
control  what  of  him  we  see  and  how  he  is 
portrayed?  These  are  crucial  issues  left 
essentially  unexplored  by  the  author. 

Spin  Control  is  often  an  enlightening 
read  and  certainly  contains  valuable  raw 
material  from  behind  the  scenes  at  the 
White  House  communications  operation. 
Not  all  the  lessons  are  new:  Among  the  ef- 
fective communications  operation  strate- 
gies are  centralizing  control,  unifying  ad- 
ministration messages,  and  feeding,  rather 
than  antagonizing,  the  press.  But  Maltese 
documents  illustrations  of  the  benefits  and 
perils  of  following  and  not  following  those 
precepts. 

The  book  is  made  more  intriguing  by  its 
timing,  appearing  as  the  nation  struggles 
to  select  its  next  president.  Voters  con- 
front the  quadrennial  confusions  and  un- 
certainties, lent  greater  import  this  time 
around  by  our  tenuous  economic  standing 
and  marked  political  disaffection. 

Maltese's  book  is  important  for  two  rea- 
sons. First,  because  it  reminds  us  of  the 
links  between  campaign  and  Oval  Office 
behavior.  Maltese  notes  that  administra- 
tions tend  to  extend  the  White  House 
communications  structure  and  strategies  to 
a  president's  re-election  operations.  Thus 
we  could  expect  that  how  a  candidate 
campaigns,  how  he  relates  to  the  press  and 
communicates  his  message,  could  tell  citi- 
zens a  good  deal  about  how  he  will  execute 
those  tasks  as  president  of  the  nation.  Sec- 
ond, because  we  learn  how  vital  a  compe- 
tent communications  operation  is  to  polit- 
ical success  in  office,  Spin  Control  alerts  us 
to  the  importance  of  a  candidate's  cam- 
paign competence.  Citizens  attending  care- 
fully to  that  aspect  of  the  campaign  could 
learn  not  merely  how  a  prospective  presi- 
dent will  manage  his  image,  but  how  effec- 
tively. And  in  these  days  of  mass-mediated 
politics,  that  may  constitute  the  most 
telling  indicator  of  our  national  leader's 
overall  effectiveness. 

— John  A.  Boiney 


Boiney,  a  doctoral  candidate  in  political  science  at 
Duke,  has  twice  taught  a  seminar  on  political  cam- 
paign communication.  His  dissertation  assesses  the 
deceptive  potential  of  televised  political  advertising. 


52 


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*  Coverage  Of  All  36  Games  • 

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© 


NOVEMBER- 
DECEMBER  1992 


EDITOR: 

RobertJ.  Bitwise  A.M. '88 

ASSOCIATE  EDITOR: 

FEATURES  EDITOR: 
Bridget  Booher  '82,  A.M.  '92 
SCIENCE  EDITOR: 
Dennis  Meredith 
EDITORIAL  ASSISTANT: 
Jonathan  Douglas 
STUDENT  INTERNS: 
Mark  Funaki  '94,  Stephen 
Martin  '95 

DESIGN  CONSULTANT: 
West  Side  Studio,  Inc. 
PUBLISHER:  M.  Laney 
Funderburk  Jr.  '60 

OFFICERS,  DUKE  ALUMNI 
ASSOCIATION: 
Edward  M.  Hanson  Jr.  73, 
A.M. '77,  J.D.  77,  president; 
Stanley  G.  Brading  Jr.  72, 
president-elect;  M.  Laney 
Funderburk  Jr.  '60,  secretary- 

PRESIDENTS,  SCHOOL 
AND  COLLEGE  ALUMNI 
ASSOCIATIONS: 
Margaret  Turbyfill  M.Div.  76. 
Dmnin  V)i -'i:  H.iroldL.  Yoh 
III  B.S'M.E.  '83,  School  of  Engi- 
neering: Robert  R.  Lane  M.B.A. 
'81,  FmjiM  School  o/ Business; 
Bartow  S.  Shaw,  M.F.  '64, 
School  of  the  Emironmenr; 
Sue  Gourly  Brody  M.H.A.  '82. 
Department  of  Health  Adminis- 
tration; Dara  L.  DeHaven  J.D. 
'80,  School  of  Law:  Robert  K. 
Yowell  M.D.  '67,  School  of 
Medicine;  Jo  Ann  Baughan 
Dakon.  B.S.N.  '57,  M.S.N.  '60, 
School  of  Nursing:  Marie  Koval 
Nardone  M.S.  79.  A.H.C  79, 
Graduate  Program  m  Physical 
Therapy:  LovestT.  Alexandet 
Jr.  B.S.H.  78.  Physicians'  Assis- 
tant Program;  Julian  C.  Lentzjr. 
'38,  M.D.  '42.  Hol/-Centurv 
Club. 

EDITORIAL  ADVISORY 
BOARD:  Clay  Felker '51, 
chairman;  Frederick  F.  Andrews 
•60;  Debra  Blum  '87;  Sarah 
Hardesty  Bray  72;  Holly  B. 
Brubach  75;  Nancy  L.  Cardwell 
'69;  Dana  L.  Fields  78;  Jerrold 
K.  Footlick;  Edward  M.  Gomez 
79;  Elizabeth  H.  Locke  '64. 
Ph.D.72;ThomasP.LoseeJr. 
'63;  Peter  Maas  '49;  Hugh  S. 
Stdev;  Richard  Austin  Smith 
'35;  Susan  Tift  73;  Robert  J. 
BliwiseA.M.  '88,  secretary. 

Composition  by  Liberated 
Types,  Ltd.;  printing  by  PBM 
Graphics  Inc.;  printed  on 
Warren  Recovery  Matte  White 
and  Cross  Pomte  Sycamore 
Offset  Tan 

©1992  Duke  University 
Published  bimonthly  by  the 
Office  of  Alumni  Affairs;  vol- 
untary subscriptions  S20  per 
year:  Duke  Magazine.  Alumni 
House,  614  Chapel  Drive, 
Box  90570,  Durham,  N.C. 
27708-0570;  (919)  684-5114. 


DUKE 


Cover:  Gregory  Peck  as  the  archetypal 
cowboy  in  King  Victor's  J 946  Western, 
Duel  in  the  Sun.  Movie  still  from  Photo/est 


VOLUME  79 
NUMBER  1 


HEADING  OFF  DISASTER  fry  Monte  Basgall  2 

A  leading  expert  on  head  and  neck  trauma  has  broken  necks,  legs,  femurs,  vertebrae, 
fingers,  and  ankles  to  understand  how  accidents  affect  the  human  body 

DON'T  FENCE  ME  OUT  by  Deborah  Norman  6~ 

What  was  it  about  the  world  proposed  by  nineteenth-century  women  writers  that  caused 
men  to  want  to  saddle  up  and  head  for  Wyoming?  English  professor  Jane  Tompkins 
examines  the  lonely  landscape  of  Big  Sky  Country 

ROMANCING  THE  WEST  9~ 

An  excerpt  from  Jane  Tompkins'  West  of  Everything 

THE  YEARS  OF  LIVING  DANGEROUSLY  by  Bridget  Booher  12~ 

What's  the  matter  with  kids  today?  In  light  of  mounting  evidence  that  a  troubled 
generation  faces  a  violent  world,  researchers,  educators,  counselors,  and  parents  are 
searching  for  answers 

SURVIVAL  OF  THE  FITTEST  by  Michael  Townsend  37^ 

Duke's  financial  future  looks,  if  not  robust,  at  least  stable — and  these  days,  that's  something 
to  be  pleased  about 

MIXING  MEDIA  AND  MANAGEMENT  4l~ 

His  business  and  news  intuition  has  defined  the  career  of  maverick  manager  John  Hartman, 
a  career  capped  by  a  Pulitzer  Prize  nomination  during  retirement 

COMPETING  IN  THE  GLOBAL  MARKETPLACE  by  John  Manuel  44~ 

Sociologist  Gary  Gereffi  says  the  cries  of  "Buy  American"  have  become  almost  meaningless 
with  the  rise  of  multinational  economics 


RETROSPECTIVES  32 

Anarchist  at  The  Archive?  An  editor's  battle  against  provincialism 

TRANSITIONS  33~ 

The  evidence  is  in  the  oven:  A  lawyer-turned-baker  looks  for  life's  pleasing  ingredients 

FORUM  34~ 

Countering  a  Chilean  celebrity,  sizing  up  social  history,  adding  up  Perkins'  acquisitions 

GAZETTE  46 

Construction  and  renovation,  fruit  flies  and  mortality,  music  and  scholarship 

BOOKS  49^ 

A  portrait  of  "the  pianistic  patron  saint  of  the  dance,"  a  lyrical  novel  about  adultery  and 
self-obsession 

QUAD  QUOTES  52~ 

A  reading  list  for  the  president,  a  spelling  lesson  for  basketball  fans,  a  starry-eyed  vision  for 
space 


HEADING 

OFF 
DISASTER 

BY  MONTE  BASGALL 

CAPTAIN  CRUNCH: 

Man  and  mayhem 

machine:  McElhaney 

adjusts  equipment  that 

can  duplicate  and 

measure  head  injuries 

ENGINEERING  INJURY  PREVENTION 

A  leading  expert  on  head  and  neck  trauma  has  broken 

necks,  legs,  femurs,  vertebrae,  fingers,  and  ankles  to 

understand  how  accidents  affect  the  human  body. 

B  ames  H.   McElhaney's  research   is 
H  not  for  the  squeamish.  His  office  in 
^^B  Duke's  Hudson  Engineering  Build- 
^^F  ing  has  a  growing  collection  of  bat- 
tered headgear:  motorcycle  helmets,  indus- 
trial   hard    hats,    football    helmets,    and 
horseback-riding  helmets,  all  casualties  of 
crash   testing   or   real   human    accidents. 
There   are   plenty   more   helmets   in   the 
attic.  And  that's  just  a  warm-up  for  his 
Tissue  Properties  and  Orthopedic  Research 
Laboratory,  a  basement-level  chamber  of 
horrors.  A  set  of  three  ten-foot-tall  hy- 
draulic devices  with  computer-controlled 
pistons  can  duplicate  the  stresses  causing 
virtually  any  type  of  bodily  injury. 

Biomedical  engineering  department  chair 
and  professor  of  both  biomedical  engineer- 
ing and  surgery,  McElhaney  is  a  leading 
expert  on  head  and  neck  trauma.  A  beard- 
ed man  who  looks  like,  and  is,  a  competi- 
tive sailor,  McElhaney  applies  a  lifetime  of 
engineering   knowledge    to   the   study   of 
human  accidents  and  how  to  avoid  them. 

One  warm  afternoon  finds  him  standing 
atop  a  stool  to  affix  a  dummy  human  head 
on  one  of  his  laboratory  machines.  At- 
taching the  fake  neck  onto  a  $10,000  "load 

cell,"  which  measures  the  forces  the  head 
must  endure,  he  matter-of-factly  describes 
his  rig's  infinite  capabilities  for  mayhem. 
"We've  used  this  machine  for  a  lot  of  dif- 
ferent things,"  he  says.  "We  impact  heads 
with  it.  We  break  necks  with  it.  We've 
broken    legs,    femurs,    vertebrae,    fingers, 
ankles,  and  all  types  of  ligaments  and  ten- 
dons.  We're  doing  muscle  studies  on   it 
now,  stretching  muscles,  looking  at  sports 
injuries."  Sometimes  he  performs  the  tests 
on  expensive,  scientifically  designed  man- 
nequins   crafted    to    respond    much    like 
humans  in  simulated  mishaps.  Often  he 
must  work  with  real  human  remains  that 
have  been  willed  to  Duke  for  medical  re- 
search. His  investigations  may  seem  "ghoul- 
ish," McElhaney  admits,  "but  we  think  it  is 
very  important  work." 

Head  injuries,  McElhaney  says,  are  the 
leading   cause   of  deaths   in   the   United 
States  in  the  four-to-forty-four  age  bracket. 
Since  he  began  this  line  of  studies  in  1961 
at  the  University  of  West  Virginia,  he  esti- 
mates he  has  investigated  between  3,000 
and  4,000  neck  injuries,  which  often  result 
in  permanent  paralysis. 

He  recalls  one  rash  of  paralyzing  neck 

DUKE   MAGAZINE 


injuries  that  struck  football  players  about 
twenty  years  ago,  following  the  introduc- 
tion of  modern  padded  helmets  that  made 
coaches  and  players  wrongfully  conclude 
heads  and  necks  were  invulnerable  to 
damage.  "People  thought  they  could  use 
the  head  as  a  weapon,  that  the  head  was 
protected,"  he  says.  So  high  school  and 
college  football  tacklers  were  instructed  to 
lean  down  and  ram  the  ball  carriers  with 
their  heads  in  a  tactic  called  "spearing." 

While  director  of  the  biomechanics 
department  at  the  University  of  Michi- 
gan's Highway  Safety  Research  Institute, 
McElhaney  joined  other  injury  researchers 
in  investigating  the  problem.  They  found 
that  vertebrae  are  vulnerable  to  fractures 
whenever  the  head,  neck,  and  upper  torso 
all  bend  together  to  form  a  straight  line.  If 
the  head  strikes  something  in  that  configu- 
ration, it  immediately  stops,  while  the 
body  continues  to  move.  Caught  in  the 
middle,  fragile  neck  bones  can  then  break 
in  their  attempt  to  stop  the  torso  bearing 
down  from  behind. 

After  Joseph  Torg,  a  Temple  University 
orthopedic  surgeon,  sent  football  authori- 
ties a  summary  of  the  research  findings, 
"spearing"  was  banned  in  the  sport's  offi- 
cial rule  books.  The  number  of  catastroph- 
ic neck  injuries  from  football  then  dropped 
by  "a  factor  of  five  or  six,"  McElhaney  says, 
returning  to  their  former  low  levels  of 
about  four  to  eight  cases  a  year,  nationally. 

He  has  since  investigated  other  situa- 
tions where  the  head,  neck,  and  body  line 
up  in  similar  ways,  notably  during  attempt- 
ed dives  into  shallow-water  waves.  He  has 
written  a  technical  article  summarizing 
350  catastrophic  neck  injuries  caused  by 
diving  in  shallow  water,  has  worked  on  a 
case  with  the  University  of  Minnesota 
where  a  student  broke  his  neck  slam  danc- 
ing, and  has  looked  into  an  Ohio  State  Uni- 
versity accident  where  a  woman  dove  into 
a  reflecting  pool.  His  advice  to  football 
players,  wave  divers,  and  slam  dancers: 
Keep  your  heads  up,  not  bent.  Athletes 
who  are  about  to  collide  should  resist  the 
urge  to  duck,  even  if  it  means  breaking 
their  noses.  That's  far  less  traumatic  than 
breaking  your  neck,  he  says. 

McElhaney  has  investigated  only  one  in- 
jury at  Duke,  involving  a  cheerleader  who 
suffered  a  neck  fracture  after  being  tossed 
into  the  air.  But  he  thinks  he  has  studied 
all  the  neck-breaking  injury  cases  involving 
professional  football  players,  "plus  many 
high  school  and  college  ones,  most  of 
which  were  litigated." 

As  chairman  of  the  American  National 
Standards  Institute  committee  that  writes  the 
regulations  for  hard-hat  designs,  a  consul- 
tant to  the  Industrial  Helmet  Manufacturers 
Association,  and  a  designer  and  eval- 
uator  of  riding  helmets  for  jockeys,  show- 


If  helmets  do  get  bigger, 

that  doesn't  mean 

they  will  ever  get 

perfect,  even  if  they 

were  made  from 

the  world's  most 

advanced  materials. 


horse  riders,  and  motorcyclists,  he  is  in  de- 
mand as  an  expert  witness  in  injury  lawsuits. 
Occasionally  the  legal  battling  centers  on 
safety  equipment  that  hurts  more  than  it 
helps.  One  of  the  most  celebrated,  and 
wrenching,  cases  involved  Mark  Buoni- 
conti,  a  football  player  for  The  Citadel. 
Buoniconti  had  been  red-shirted  during 
practice  because  of  a  minor  neck  injury, 
then  put  into  the  game  when  the  first- 
string  linebacker  got  hurt.  Because  of  his 
injury,  he  was  fitted  with  a  double  neck 
collar  and  a  strap  that  kept  his  neck  immo- 
bile. In  the  course  of  play  came  a  head-on 
collision  with  a  ball  carrier — a  collision 
that  paralyzed  Buoniconti  from  the  neck 
down.  "His  neck  had  nowhere  to  go," 
McElhaney  told  The  Independent,  a  North 
Carolina  weekly.  "It  just  crunched.  Now  he's 
a  quadriplegic." 

"Many  of  my  colleagues  have  resigned 
their  academic  positions  because  they 
quadrupled  their  salaries  testifying  full-time 
as  experts,"  says  McElhaney.  Duke  guide- 
lines limit  his  expert  witnessing  to  one  day 
a  week.  That's  apparently  enough  to  make 
him  cynical  about  the  judicial  system. 

"A  serious  neck  injury  involves  several 
million  dollars  in  real  damages  in  terms  of 
taking  care  of  the  person,  lost  wages,  and 
what  have  you,"  he  says.  "And  in  litiga- 
tion, with  a  contingency  fee,  the  plaintiffs 
attorney  can  earn  a  third  or  half  of  that. 
So  one  can  become  an  instant  millionaire 
by  pursuing  these  cases." 

McElhaney  predicts  the  future  will  see 
"bigger  helmets,  and  no  [American]  helmet 
manufacturers."  Ditto  for  child  safety  seats, 
another  kind  of  product  he  has  designed. 
He  predicts  U.S.  safety  equipment  makers 
will  all  be  driven  out  of  business  unless 
there  is  liability  reform.  Already,  "we're 
seeing  a  lot  of  foreign  helmets  and  child 
seats,  and  the  manufacturers  are  not  to  be 
found  when  sued.  If  they're  built  in  Singa- 
pore, and  the  company  changes  its  name 
every  year,  you  can't  find  them."  Foreign 
manufacturers  "claim  they  meet  the  standards 
and  they  don't,"  he  says.  "They're  rip-offs." 


If  helmets  do  get  bigger,  that  doesn't 
mean  they  will  ever  get  perfect,  even  if 
they  were  made  from  the  world's  most 
advanced  materials,  McElhaney  argues. 
"There  is  no  motorcycle  helmet  that  can 
protect  you  against  all  things  on  motorcy- 
cles, no  equestrian  helmet,  no  football  hel- 
met, no  baseball  helmet,  no  soccer  helmet, 
no  hockey  helmet." 

"It  is  not  a  material  problem,"  he  says. 
"It's  a  distance  problem."  According  to 
McElhaney,  the  key  protector  in  any  hel- 
met is  not  the  hard  outer  shell,  but  the 
inner  padding  or  liner.  While  the  helmet 
itself  will  abruptly  stop  when  it  hits  some- 
thing, the  compressible  liner  gives  the 
head  inside  some  braking  room.  But  if  the 
momentum  is  too  large,  the  head  will  need 
more  stopping  distance  than  the  surround- 
ing liner  can  provide.  Thus,  a  crash  on  a 
motorcycle  traveling  more  than  about  25 
miles  an  hour  is  always  apt  to  injure  the 
rider  badly. 

He  says  the  same  principle  is  involved  in 
designing  seat  belts,  another  one  of  his  in- 
terests. Although  nylon  belts  keep  motorists 
inside  their  cars,  the  belts  must  have 
stretchability  in  order  to  slow  the  body 
down.  "Seat  belts  can  increase  your  stopping 
distance  by  a  factor  of  five  or  ten,  reduce 
the  forces  on  your  body  by  a  factor  of  five 
to  ten,  and  are  therefore  very  effective." 

McElhaney  pulls  out  a  beat-up  motorcy- 
cle helmet  that  had  recently  arrived  from 
the  manufacturer  for  his  evaluation.  Its 
wearer  was  killed,  and  it  is  a  mess,  with  a 
face  plate  that  dangles  by  one  hinge,  and 
large,  ragged  patches  where  areas  of  its 
enamel  skin  have  been  scraped  off.  But 
after  taking  it  apart,  he  concludes  that  the 
rider's  death  was  not  caused  by  a  helmet 
blow.  He  says  he  can  tell  that  because  the 
polystyrene  foam  liner,  which  is  much  like 
a  foam  coffee  cup,  would  retain  an  impres- 
sion of  any  hard  impacts. 

If  a  helmet  liner  has  a  memory  of  an 
accident,  McElhaney's  testing  machines 
can  reproduce  any  such  mishaps.  Their 
keys  to  success  are  computerized  control 
systems  that  can  "play  back"  virtually  any 
kind  of  motion.  "We  could  go  out  and  tape 
record  a  vehicle  bouncing  along  a  rough 
road,  come  back,  and  duplicate  that 
motion  on  this  machine,"  he  says.  "If  we 
have  a  videotape  of  a  football  accident,  we 
do  a  frame-by-frame  analysis  and  we  can 
get  the  motions  of  the  head  during  impact. 
Sometimes  we  can  duplicate  that. 

"A  sister  to  this  machine  and  its  control 
system  has  been  used  by  the  U.S.  Navy  to 
study  seasickness.  So  we  could  put  a  seat 
on  this  machine,  generate  a  program  that 
would  make  you  instantly  seasick,  and 
study  seasickness  medications  that  way." 

Seasickness  is  a  potential  hazard  for  par- 
ticipants in  McElhaney's  weekend  hobby. 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


He  keeps  an  ocean-going  sailboat,  a  forty- 
four-foot  Norseman  cutter  rig,  berthed  in 
Oriental,  across  from  North  Carolina's 
Outer  Banks  on  Pamlico  Sound.  Some- 
times he  and  his  wife,  Eileen,  who  teaches 
navigation,  use  the  boat  as  a  kind  of 
"camper  on  the  water."  Other  times  they 
embark  for  some  serious  racing. 

Last  summer,  they  won  their  division  in 
the  biennial  Annapolis,  Maryland-to- 
Bermuda  race,  only  to  get  caught  on  the  re- 
turn trip  in  heavy  gales  some  300  miles  off 
the  North  Carolina  coast  that  inexplicably 
wrapped  the  sail  around  the  mast.  He  in- 
sists such  incidents  don't  rattle  him;  he's 
much  too  busy  to  be  frightened.  McElhaney 
says  he  finds  sailing  very  relaxing,  but  at  the 
same  time  it  involves  "a  lot  of  mechanical 
principles,  aerodynamics,  hydrodynamics, 
and  mechanics.  Most  of  my  graduate  stu- 
dents learn  to  sail  during  their  stay  here, 
too,  although  it's  not  a  requirement  for  the 
Ph.D.  in  biomechanics." 

McElhaney  says  he  want- 
ed to  be  an  engineer  as  far 
back  as  his  boyhood  days 
in  Philadelphia,  when  he 
showed  his  native  talent  by 
taking  apart  automobiles. 
After  earning  his  bachelor's 
degree  in  mechanical  engi- 
neering at  Villanova  Uni- 
versity in  1955,  he  went  to 
work  at  the  Philco  Corpo- 
ration. He  was  an  assistant 
professor  at  Villanova  during 
1959-62,  while  getting  his 
master's  at  the  University 
of  Pennsylvania.  In  1964, 
he  got  a  Ph.D.  at  West  Vir- 
ginia University,  where  he 
was  also  taught  theoretica' 
and  applied  mechanics. 

His  early  research  inter- 
ests at  West  Virginia  were 
soft  materials  like  plastics,  foams,  and  gels. 
But  in  what  was  a  major  turn  of  events,  an 
orthopedic  surgeon  persuaded  him  to  look 
at  bone  and  muscle  in  the  same  way.  He 
chose  the  field  of  biomedical  engineering, 
a  decision  he  says  he  has  never  regretted. 
In  1969,  McElhaney  became  an  associate 
professor  of  mechanical  engineering  at  the 
University  of  Michigan,  where  he  later 
headed  the  biomechanics  department's 
Highway  Safety  Research  Institute,  since  re- 
named the  University  of  Michigan  Trans- 
portation Research  Institute.  In  1973,  he 
came  to  Duke  as  professor  of  biomedical 
engineering. 

"He  never  became  a  world-famous  head 
and  neck  injury  consulting  scientist  until 
he  went  to  Duke,"  says  Robert  L.  Hess,  the 
Michigan  institute's  now-retired  founding 
director.  "That  was  when  he  widened  the 
whole  field." 


HELMETS  HELP 


The  slurred  speech 
of  former  boxing 
great  Muham- 
mad Ali  communi- 
cates more  than  just 
his  words.  Years  of 
violent  head  blows  in 
the  ring  have  left  some 
prize  fighters  like  Ali 
seriously  brain  dam- 
aged— or "punch 
drunk"  in  boxing 
lingo.  So  why  not 
make  boxers  wear  the 
same  headgear  in  title 
matches  that  they  do 
in  sparring  practice? 
Wouldn't  helmets 
lessen  the  damage? 

"It  helps,  but  they 
wear  fairly  lightweight 
headgear,"  says  bio- 
medical engineering's 
James  H.  McElhaney. 
"Weight  is  very  impor- 


tant to  them.  And  they 
are  all  macho.  They 
don't  want  to  wear 
any  headgear." 

In  fact,  machismo, 
vanity,  and  concerns 
about  weight  and  com- 
fort have  interfered 
with  attempts  to 
design  the  safest  possi- 
ble headgear  in  more 
than  one  sport,  he 
says.  After  a  jockey 
died  in  a  fall  from  his 
horse  at  California's 
Santa  Anita  racetrack 
in  1970,  McElhaney 
worked  with  a  helmet 
manufacturer  to 
design  a  helmet  for 
jockeys.  But  when  the 
company  proposed  a 
modified  version  of  a 
motorcycle  crash  hel- 
met, "the  jockeys  said, 


we  can  t  wear  some- 
thing like  that,'  "  he 
recalls.  "They  said, 
'It's  too  heavy,  and  it's 
ugly.'  "  So  the  manu- 
facturer "went 
through  about  five 
iterations  and  made  it 
thinner  and  lighter 
and  less  protective." 

The  result  is  the 
caliente  helmet  now 
seen  at  all  racetracks. 
It  "offers  a  measure  of 
protection,  but  cer- 
tainly not  that  much," 
he  says. 

Last  year,  McEl- 
haney worked  with 
the  American  Show 
Horse  Association, 
which  was  engaged  in 
an  internal  debate 
over  whether  to  adopt 
a  more  substantial 
riding  helmet  as  a 
standard  for  the  show 
ring.  "They  asked  me 
to  make  a  presentation 
and  tell  them  why 
they  ought  to  do  this," 
he  says.  "But  they 
decided  not  to  do  it. 
They  felt  it  was  too 
heavy  and,  because  it 
is  bigger,  that  it  isn't  as 
attractive." 

While  he  highly 
rates  regulation  foot- 
ball helmets  for  pro- 
tecting the  brain  from 
injury,  McElhaney 
once  dreamed  up — 
and  then  rejected — a 


design  to  guard  against 
neck  injuries,  too.  His 
problem  was  that  the 
new  design  would  be 
dangerous  to  others:  It 
would  rest  squarely  on 
a  player's  shoulders, 
like  a  battering  ram, 
becoming  "a  very 
powerful  instrument 
for  hurting  the  other 
team,"  he  says. 

Among  football  hel- 
mets and  crash  hel- 
mets, "there  has  been 
an  evolution  toward 
thicker  padding,  and 
the  protective  poten- 
tial is  directly  propor- 
tional." McElhaney 
tells  buyers  to  look 
inside  the  helmet  for 
the  thickest  possible 
liner.  But  be  careful  of 
foreign  "rip-off"  prod- 
ucts that  may  look 
safe  but  are  made  of 
inferior  material. 
"They  even  appear 
with  a  U.S.  company 
name  on  them,  some- 
times misspelled,"  he 
warns.  To  avoid  a 
costly  mistake,  "buy 
from  reputable  deal- 
ers. They  stand  in  the 
chain  of  liability,  so 
they  have  some  real 
incentives." 

Regarding  expense, 
McElhaney  offers 
some  sober  advice:  "If 
you  have  a  $10  head, 
buy  a  $10  helmet." 


McElhaney's  department  collaborates 
heavily  with  researchers  at  the  Duke  Med- 
ical Center,  an  interdisciplinary  approach 
that  is  being  increasingly  practiced  in  vari- 
ous areas  of  science.  "What  I  think  has 
changed  is  our  perception  that  solving  a 
lot  of  different  kinds  of  important  prob- 
lems that  society  faces  requires  people  with 
different  expertise  to  collaborate  interac- 
tively," he  says.  "What  biomedical  engineers 
bring  to  the  table,  so  to  speak,  is  engineer- 
ing expertise." 

The  interdisciplinary  nature  of  the 
department  is  also  reflected  in  its  students. 
Some,  for  instance,  already  have  M.D. 
degrees;  and  some  are  in  their  third  year  at 
the  medical  school,  during  which  research 
projects  take  the  place  of  classes  and  clinics. 

While  a  physician  studies  the  body  in 
the  effort  to  keep  it  healthy,  McElhaney 
turns  his  technical  engineer's  eye  on  the 


human  anatomy  with  the  aim  of  under- 
standing its  structure,  and  possibly  its  modi- 
fication. "People  don't  realize  what  a  fan- 
tastic engineering  material  bone  is.  Bone 
is,  for  its  weight,  one  of  the  strongest 
materials  known.  It  organizes  itself  so  that 
it  is  of  the  minimum  amount  required  to 
do  the  job.  It  grows  in  response  to  exercise. 
If  you  don't  exercise  much,  it  takes  it  away 
from  you,"  he  says,  almost  reverentially. 
"The  head  and  the  neck  are  incredibly 
complex  as  far  as  the  structures  are  con- 
cerned, much  more  complex  than  the  most 
modern  airplane  structures.  The  methods  of 
analysis  that  engineers  use  on  these  struc- 
tures don't  apply. 

"From  an  engineering  point  of  view, 
there  are  a  few  more  lifetimes  of  work 
around  before  we  really  understand  all  we 
would  like  to.  And  maybe  we  never  will."B 


Basgatt  is  a  writer  in  Duke's  Office  of  Research 
Communications. 


November-December    1992 


DON'T 

FENCE 

MEOUT 

BY  DEBORAH  NORMAN 

\ 

WILD  WEST  SHOWDOWN: 

Role  reversal:  Joan 

Crawford  in  Johnny 

Guitar,  Nicholas  Ray's 

1 954  Western  in  which 

Crawford  and  rival 

Mercedes  McCambiidge 

shoot  it  out 

COWBOY  CULTURE  MEETS  FEMINIST  THEORY 

What  was  it  about  the  world  proposed  by  nineteenth- 
century  women  writers  that  caused  men  to  want  to 
saddle  up  and  head  for  Wyoming?  English  professor 
Jane  Tompkins  examines  the  lonely  landscape  of  Big 
Sky  Country. 

■  on,  I  think  it's  time  we  took  a 
^knH  ride  into  Big  Sky  Country,"  a 
j^f^H  man  calls  to  his  wife.  He's  soak- 
H  ing  in  the  tub;  she's  in  the  next 
|room  ironing  in  the  glare  of  a  naked  bulb, 
Rats  sitting  around,  a  crack  in  the  wall  of 
Kheir  cramped  apartment.  This  scene  of 
rcomic  longing  appears   in  a  New  Yorker 
'  cartoon,  well  east  of  Big  Sky  Country.  It  is 
one  of  the  first  images  Duke  English  pro- 
fessor Jane  Tompkins  introduces  in  West  of 
Everything,  her  book  on  the  inner  life  of 
Westerns. 

The  yearning  for  open  space  exempli- 
fied in  the  cartoon  is  familiar  to  Ameri- 
cans bred  to  believe  freedom  is  just  west  of 
the    nearest   saguaro.    Desert   country   by 
implication  is  a  blank  slate  on  which  to 
reimagine  one's  life.  Freedom  from  "eco- 
nomic dead  ends,   social  entanglements, 
and  unhappy  personal  relations,"  Tomp- 
kins writes,  is  commonly  perceived  as  the 
main  theme  of  Western  novels  and  films. 
Tompkins   acknowledges    all   this,    but 

digs  deeper.  She  contends  the  genre  has  a 
more  specific  purpose.  "What  is  most  inter- 
esting about  Westerns  at  this  moment  in  his- 
tory is  their  relation  to  gender,"  she  writes. 
"The  way  they  emphasize  manhood — and  a 
particular  type  of  manhood — as  an  ideal." 
Tompkins  maintains  the  Western  sprang 
up  in  reaction  to  the  female-induced  world 
proposed  by  best-selling  women  writers  of 
the  last  century.  Born  in  the  literary  imagi- 
nation of  the  Victorian  era,  the  lone  rider 
skylined  on  the  desert  butte  fought  mono  a 
mono    against  feminine  social  values — and 
won.  The  way  we  think  about  ourselves  in 
the  twentieth  century,  Tompkins  says,  has 
been  shaped  more  than  we  realize  by  the 
Western. 

She    writes:    "The    arch- images    of   the 
genre — the  gunfight,  the  fistfight,  the  chase 
on  horseback,  the  figure  of  the  mounted 
horseman    outlined    against    the    sky,    the 
saloon  girl,  the  lonely  landscape  itself — are 
culturally  pervasive  and  overpowering.  They 
carry  within  them  compacted  worlds  of  mean- 

DUKE   MAGAZINE 


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ing  and  value,  codes  of  conduct,  standards 
of  judgment,  and  habits  of  perception  that 
shape  our  sense  of  the  world  and  govern 
our  behavior  without  our  having  the 
slightest  awareness  of  it." 

Tompkins  claims  the  Western,  ultimate- 
ly, is  not  about  civilization  versus  the  fron- 
tier, but  about  men's  fear  of  the  challenge 
to  their  authority — and  identity.  That  fear 
initially  was  aroused  by  women  entering 
public  life  in  unprecedented  numbers  in 
the  latter  half  of  the  nineteenth  century. 
Women  dominated  the  popular  literary 
scene  as  well.  Westerns  were  a  backlash — 
an  attempt  to  create  a  world  that  limited 
female  influence.  First  appearing  in  late 
nineteenth-century  "dime  novels,"  Westerns 
reached  a  definitive  form  in  Owen  Wister's 
The  Virginian,  which  came  out  in  1902. 
The  traditions  set  down  in  Wister's  book 
have  continued  to  the  present  day,  influ- 
encing the  works  of  Zane  Grey  (Riders  of 
the  Purple  Sage),  Louis  L' Amour  (Hondo) 
and,  recently,  Larry  McMurtry's  popular 
Lonesome  Dove. 

What  was  it  about  the  world  proposed 
by  nineteenth-century  women  writers  that 
caused  men  to  want  to  saddle  up  and  head 
for  Wyoming?  The  answers  are  complex, 
but  one  major  cultural  coincidence  stands 
out.  The  latter  half  of  the  nineteenth  cen- 
tury saw  successful  organization  by  Ameri- 
can women  on  a  scale  previously  unknown 
in  American  life.  Having  run  farms  and 
headed  households  while  men  fought  dur- 
ing the  Civil  War,  and  with  much  domes- 
tic production  taken  over  by  factories, 
women  began  to  venture  beyond  the  domes- 
tic sphere.  Women's  organizations  fought 
for  the  abolition  of  slavery;  for  reform  in 
public  health  practices,  child  labor  laws, 
wage  laws,  tax  laws,  and  public  transporta- 
tion; for  temperance;  and  for  women's  suf- 
frage. Without  legal,  economic,  or  politi- 


Tompkins  claims  the 

Western,  ultimately, 

is  not  about  civilization 

vs.  the  frontier,  but 
about  men's  fear  of  the 

challenge  to  their 
authority — and  identity. 


cal  status,  women  took  their  authority 
from  the  highest  power  of  all  and  justified 
their  "unwomanly"  public  activities  as  an 
extension  of  their  spiritual  duties,  to  which 
they  were  called  by  God. 

Tompkins  quotes  post-Civil  War  social 
reformer  Carry  Nation:  "We  hear  'A 
woman's  place  is  at  home.'  That  is  true  but 
what  and  where  is  the  home?  Not  the 
walls  of  a  house.  Not  furniture,  food,  or 
clothes.  Home  is  where  the  heart  is,  where 
our  loved  ones  are....  Jesus  said,  'Go  out 
into  the  highways  and  hedges.'  He  said 
this  to  women,  as  well  as  men." 

This  movement  had  a  literary  counter- 
part. In  an  earlier  work  of  literary  criti- 
cism, Sensational  Designs,  Tompkins  deals 
with  the  "cultural  work"  of  nineteenth- 
century  women  writers  such  as  Harriet 
Beecher  Stowe,  who  produced  the  hugely 
popular  anti-slavery  work  Uncle  Tom's 
Cabin.  In  such  books,  women  repeated 
"the  culture's  favorite  story  about  itself — 
the  story  of  salvation  through  motherly 
love."  The  sentimental  novelists,  says 
Tompkins,  elaborated  a  myth  that  gave 
women  the  central  position  of  power  and 
authority  in  the  culture.  "Culturally,  and 


politically,  the  effect  of  these  [nineteenth- 
century]  novels  is  to  establish  women  at 
the  center  of  the  world's  most  important 
work  (saving  souls)  and  to  assert  that  in 
the  end  spiritual  power  is  always  superior 
to  worldly  might." 

Their  male  counterparts  resented  the 
female  novelists'  popularity.  Fretted 
Stowe's  contemporary,  Nathaniel  Haw- 
thorne, "America  is  now  wholly  given  over 
to  a  damned  mob  of  scribbling  women, 
and  I  should  have  no  chance  of  success 
while  the  public  taste  is  occupied  with 
their  trash...." 

For  most  of  the  nineteenth  century, 
women  exercised  what  little  social  power 
they  had  in  the  church  and  the  home. 
Tompkins  notes  the  Western  contains  nei- 
ther. In  the  literary  contest  for  the  imagi- 
nation of  the  American  people — "parlor 
versus  mesa" — Tompkins  says,  "If  the  West- 
ern deliberately  rejects  evangelical  Protes- 
tantism and  pointedly  repudiates  the  cult 
of  domesticity,  it  is  because  it  seeks  to  mar- 
ginalize and  suppress  the  figure  who  stood 
for  these  ideals,"  the  American  woman. 

Tompkins  also  finds  it  significant  that 
Westerns  banished  most  features  of  civi- 
lized existence  as  feminine  and  corrupt,  in 
favor  of  the  three  main  targets  of  nine- 
teenth-century women's  reform:  whiskey, 
gambling,  and  prostitution.  She  writes, 
"Given  the  enormous  publicity  and  fervor 
of  the  Women's  Christian  Temperance 
Union  crusades,  can  it  be  an  accident  that 
the  characteristic  indoor  setting  for  West- 
erns is  the  saloon?" 

Tompkins  devotes  an  intriguing  chapter 
to  the  language  of  men  in  Westerns.  The 
bitten-off  fragments  and  choppy  rhythms 
of  its  heroes'  speech  are  "at  heart,  antilan- 
guage,"  she  says.  Silence  is  a  demonstra- 
tion of  masculine  control  over  emotion. 

Continued  on  page  1 0 


"Kansas  is  all  right  for  men  and  dogs, 
but  it's  pretty  hard  on  women  and  horses. 

[The  Santa  Fe  Trail,  1940 


DUKE   MAGAZINE, 


ROMANCING 
THE  WEST 


The  hlankness  of  the  plain  implies — 
without  ever  stating — that  this  is  a 
field  where  a  certain  kind  of  mas- 
tery is  possible,  where  a  person  (of  a  cer- 
tain kind)  can  remain  alone  and  com- 
plete and  in  control  of  himself,  while 
controlling  the  external  world  through 
physical  strength  and  force  of  will.  The 
Western  situates  itself  characteristically 
in  the  desert  because  the  desert  seems  by 
its  very  existence  to  affirm  that  life  must 
be  seen  from  the  point  of  view  of  death, 
that  physical  stamina  and  strength  are  the 
sine  qua  non  of  personal  distinction,  that 
matter  and  physical  force  are  the  sub- 
stance of  ultimate  reality,  and  that  senso- 
ry experience,  the  history  of  the  body's 
contact  with  things,  is  the  repository  of 
all  significant  knowledge.  It  chooses  the 
desert  because  its  clean,  spare  lines,  lucid 
spaces,  and  absence  of  ornament  bring  it 
closer  to  the  abstract  austerities  of  mod- 
ern architectural  design  than  any  other 
kind  of  landscape  would.  The  Western 
defies  nature — the  nonhuman — and  yet 
the  form  of  nature  it  chooses  for  the  site 
of  its  worship  is  the  one  most  resembling 
man-made  space:  monumental. 

This  architectural  quality  is  not  an 
accident  but  is  integral  to  the  way  the 
landscape  functions  psychologically  in 
Westerns.  It  expresses  a  need  to  be  in  con- 
trol of  one's  surroundings,  to  dominate 
them;  hence  the  denuded,  absolute  quali- 
ty of  the  scene  which  recalls  the  empty 
canyons  of  city  streets,  blank,  mute,  and 
hostile  to  human  purposes.  At  the  same 
time  the  monolithic,  awe-inspiring  char- 
acter of  the  landscape  seems  to  reflect  a 
desire  for  self-transcendence,  an  urge  to 
join  the  self  to  something  greater.  In  rep- 


resenting space  that  is  superhuman  but 
man-made,  domineering  and  domineered, 
the  Western  both  glorifies  nature  and  sup- 
presses it  simultaneously. 

Power,  more  than  any  other  quality,  is 
what  is  being  celebrated  and  struggled 
with  in  these  grandiose  vistas.  The  wor- 
ship of  power,  the  desire  for  it,  and,  at  the 
same  time,  an  awe  of  it  bordering  on  rev- 
erence and  dread  emanate  from  these 
panoramic,  wide-angle  views.  There  is  a 
romance  going  on  here.  The  landscape 
arouses  the  viewer's  desire  for,  wish  to 
identify  with,  an  object  that  is  overpower- 
ing and  majestic,  an  object  that  draws  the 
viewer  ineluctably  to  itself  and  crushes 
him  with  the  thought  of  its  greatness  and 
ineftability. 


The  death  of  the  heart,  or,  rather,  its 
scarification  and  eventual  sacrifice,  is  what 
the  Western  genre,  more  than  anything 
else,  is  about.  The  numbing  of  the  capaci- 
ty to  feel,  which  allows  the  hero  to  inflict 
pain  on  others,  requires  the  sacrifice  of 
his  own  heart,  a  sacrifice  kept  hidden 
under  his  toughness,  which  is  inseparable 
from  his  heroic  character.  Again,  at  this 
point,  we  come  upon  one  of  the  underly- 
ing continuities  that  link  Westerns  to  the 
sentimental  domestic  novels  that  preceded 
them.  For  the  hero,  who  offers  himself  as 
a  savior  of  his  people,  sacrificing  his  heart 
so  that  they  can  live,  replicates  the  Christian 
ideal  of  behavior,  giving  the  self  for  others, 
but  in  a  manner  that  is  distorted  and  dis- 
guised so  that  we  do  not  recognize  it.  Out- 
wardly the  Western 
hero  is  the  oppo- 
site of  the  sac- 
rificial lamb: 
He  fights,  he 
toughs  it  out, 
he    seeks   the 


showdown.  Instead  of  dying,  he  rides  out 
of  town  alive,  a  strong  man,  stronger  than 
the  rest,  strong  enough  to  do  what  the 
others  couldn't  (kill  somebody),  strong 
enough  to  take  his  perpetual  exile.  But 
inwardly  the  hero  has  performed  a  sacri- 
fice— an  ironic  and  a  tragic  sacrifice — for 
the  very  thing  he  offers  up,  his  heart,  his 
love,  his  feelings,  are  what  Christ  in  the 
Trinitarian  division  of  labor  has  come  to 
represent.  It  is  also  the  feminine  part  of 
himself,  the  part  that  opens  him  to  inti- 
mate relations  to  other  people,  the  part 
that  "plays  the  baby." 

Having  renounced  his  heart  so  that 
others  might  keep  theirs  (even  his 
physique  betrays  the  truth,  the  slouch 
from  head  to  hip,  chest  concave  where 
the  heart  had  been),  he  rides  away  alone. 
And  he  must  do  this  not  because  he  is  a 
murderer  and  therefore  not  to  be  trusted, 
but  because  having  hardened  himself  to 
do  murder,  he  can  no  longer  open  his 
heart  to  humankind.  His  love  is  aborted, 
cut  off.  When  I  think  of  the  hero  in  this 
way,  when  I  think  of  Shane  or  Thomas 
Dunson  or  Ethan  Edwards,  the  tough 
lonely  men  who  lord  it  over  others  in 
countless  films,  my  throat  constricts.  So 
much  pain  sustained  internally  and 
denied.  So  much  suffering  not  allowed  to 
speak  its  name.  When  he  rides  out  of 
town  at  the  end,  the  hero  bears  his  bur- 
dens by  himself.  When  I  think  of  how  he 
feels,  no  words  coming  out,  everything 
closed  inside,  the  internal  bleeding,  the 
sadness  of  the  genre  is  terrible,  and  I  want 
to  cry.  Instead  of  emulation  or  outrage, 
it's  compassion  the  hero  deserves,  and 
compassion  alone.  I  would  not  trade  places 
with  him  for  anything. 

Excerpted  from  West  of  Everything:  The  Inner 
Life  of  Westerns,  copyright  ©  J  992  by  Jane 
Tompkins.  Reprinted  by  permission  of 
Oxford  University  Press,  Inc. 


"Not  talking  protects  the  man  from  intro- 
spection and  possible  criticism."  It  also  is  a 
source  of  power:  "The  hero  doesn't  need  to 
think  or  talk;  he  just  knows.  He  is  in  a 
state  of  grace  with  respect  to  the  truth," 
and  communicates  with  abrupt  commands 
or  aggressive  epigrams:  "There's  only  one 
thing  you  gotta  know.  Get  it  out  fast  and 
put  it  away  slow,"  advises  a  character  in 
Man  Without  a  Star. 

Tompkins  contends  the  "laconic  put- 
downs"  and  silences  of  the  Western  have 
established  a  pattern  of  behavior  in  which 
men  use  silence  as  a  means  of  control. 
"The  impassivity  of  male  silence  suggests 
the  inadequacy  of  female  verbalization, 
establishes  male  superiority,  and  silences 
the  one  who  would  engage  in  conversa- 
tion." She  quotes  researcher  Shere  Hite, 
whose  extensive  study,  "Women  and  Love: 
A  Cultural  Revolution  in  Progress,"  docu- 
ments women's  frustration  with  silent 
men:  "...not  talking  to  a  woman  on  an 
equal  level  can  be  a  way  for  a  man  to  dom- 
inate a  relationship." 

Despite  the  Western's  marginalization 
of  women,  Zane  Grey  and  Louis  L' Amour 
have  riveted  their  fair  share  cf  female,  as 
well  as  male,  readers,  including  Tompkins 
herself.  Why  are  Westerns  so  captivating, 
despite  the  undercurrents  of  gender  con- 
flict? Tompkins  surmises  it  is  because  "Life 
on  the  frontier  is  a  way  of  imagining  the 
self  in  a  boundary  situation — a  place  that 
will  put  you  to  some  kind  of  ultimate  test." 

Tompkins  says  of  her  late  conversion  to 
Western  fan  (she  was  almost  forty  when 
she  read  her  first  Louis  L' Amour  novel) 
that  she  was  attracted  to  the  hard  work 
required  of  the  heroes,  the  sense  of  effort 


followed  by  accomplishment.  And  she  re- 
sponded to  another  element:  the  heightened 
sensory  awareness  that  comes  from  constant- 
ly being  "on  the  edge."  Those  moments,  she 
notes,  generally  are  recorded  as  the  hero 
traverses  the  land,  taking  in  the  sensations 
produced  by  his  surroundings.  From  Louis 
L'Amour's  Sacketf.  "A  chill  wind  came 
down  off  the  Sangre  de  Cristos,  and  some- 
where out  over  the  bottom  a  quail  was 
calling.... We  circled 
around  the  sleeping 
village  of  Golondri- 
nas,  and  pointed 
north,  shivering  in 
the  morning  cold. 
The  sky  was  stark 
and  clear,  the  ridges 
sharply  cut  against 
the  faintly  lightening 
sky.  Grass  swished 
about  our  horses' 
hoofs,  our  saddles 
creaked,  and  over  at 
Golondrinas  a  dog 
barked  inquiringly  in- 
to the  morning."  It 
certainly  sounds  bet- 
ter than  carpooling  or  commuting  to  the 
office. 

Despite  the  undeniable  exhilaration 
Westerns  offer  their  readers,  their  world  is 
unnatural — stripped  down  to  a  series  of 
life-or-death  situations  that  allow  men  to 
prove  their  courage  to  themselves  and  to 
the  world  only  by  facing  their  own  annihi- 
lation. With  life  in  the  balance,  the  preoc- 
cupations of  daily  life — and  by  implica- 
tion, of  females — seem  absurd.  Tompkins 
points  out  the  contrast  with  popular  late 


"People  should  have 
more  integrated  reading 

lives,  so  they  don't 
think  the  hard,  difficult 
books  are  the  good  ones 

and  the  ones  that  are 
pleasurable  are  trashy." 


Wild  about  the  West:  "Life  on  the  frontier,"  says 
Tompkins ,  "is  a  way  of  imagining  the  self  in  a  bound- 
ary situation — a  place  that  will  put  you  to  some  kind  of 
ultimate  test." 


nineteenth-century  novels,  in  which  the 
challenge  is  not  the  distant  one  of  facing 
death,  but  the  daily  one  of  facing  your 
spouse,  your  neighbor,  or  your  boss. 
Instead  of  risking  death,  the  characters  in 
those  novels  risk  losing  friends,  family, 
money,  jobs,  or  social  position. 

One  of  the  most  interesting  chapters  in 
West  of  Everything  discusses  the  role  of 
landscape  in  the  Western.  Why,  she  asks, 
should  the  Western  be  set  in  the  desert, 
and  not  in  the  Pacific  Northwest  or  the 
valleys  of  California?  Landscape  is  key  to 
the  Western,  and  conveys  a  rich  mixture 
of  messages.  In  a  world  in  which  women 
are  marginalized,  social  relationships 
abbreviated,  and  self-denial  and  endurance 
of  pain  the  path  to  mastery,  the  landscape 
offers  sensual  release. 

In  addition,  the  spareness  of  the  desert 
landscape  offers  a  tabula  rasa  on  which 
man  can  write  his  own  story.  When  a  man 
walks  or  rides  into  a  forest,  Tompkins 
writes,  he  is  lost  among  the  trees.  "But 
when  a  lone  horseman  appears  on  the 
desert  plain,  he  dominates  it  instantly,  his 
view  extends  as  far  as  the  eye  can  see,  and 
enemies  are  exposed  to  his  gaze.  The 
desert  flatters  the  human  figure  by  making 
it  seem  dominant  and  unique...."  The 
desert  landscape  also  is  free  of  the  fertility, 
abundance,  and  soft- 
ness associated  with 
the  female. 

The  harshness  of 
the  landscape  is  an 
invitation  to  "come 
and  suffer."  Tomp- 
kins believes  that  the 
turn  to  the  desert  is 
a  turning  away  from 
home  and  fireside, 
in  a  search  for  some- 
thing other  than 
what  they  have  to 
offer.  She  offers  a 
parallel  with  Christ- 
ian monasticism.  The 
protagonist  in  the 
Western,  she  says,  in  his  denial  of  food, 
sleep,  shelter,  sex,  and  overall  comfort, 
emulates  the  asceticism  of  the  desert 
monks.  She  notes  a  paradox  here:  While 
the  Western  underscores  the  ineffectuality 
of  religion,  the  Western  landscape  ends  by 
forcing  men  to  see  something  godlike  there. 
In  the  end,  though,  the  victory  of  the 
Western  hero  exacts  a  high  price:  He  is 
numbed,  turned  to  stone,  as  silent  and 
unmoving  as  the  desert  buttes  he  tra- 
verses.  Tompkins   points   out, 


DU1 


"The  Western's  ex- 
clusive focus  on  do- 
or-die situations 
doesn't  simply  repre- 
sent life  without  bhth 
and  marriage,  grow- 
ing up,  finding  a 
place  in  the  world, 
and  growing  old;  it 
leaves  out  all  the 
emotions  that  are 
associated  with  day- 
to-day  living.... 
While  exposing  you 
to  death,  the  West- 
ern insulates  you 
from  life." 

In  striving  to  he  the  opposite  of  women, 
the  male  heroes  are  restricted  to  a  "pitiably 
narrow"  range.  Writes  Tompkins,  "They 
can't  read  or  dance  or  look  at  pictures. 
They  can't  play.  They  can't  rest... or  carry 
on  a  conversation  of  more  than  a  couple  of 
sentences.  They  can't  not  know  some- 
thing, or  ask  someone  else  the  way.  They 
can't  make  mistakes." 

Tompkins  illustrates  her  point  with  the 
numbness  of  the  hero  at  the  end  of  Louis 
L' Amour's  Heller  With  a  Gun.  After  thirty- 
six  hours  in  freezing  weather  outwitting 
and  overpowering  a  murderer,  the  hero 
rides  into  Hat  Creek  Station.  "His  mind 
was  empty.  He  did  not  think.  Only  the 
occasional  tug  on  the  lead  rope  reminded 
him  of  the  man  who  rode  behind  him.  It 
was  a  hard  land,  and  it  bred  hard  men  to 
hard  ways."  Silence,  the  will  to  dominate, 
and  unacknowledged  suffering  aren't  a 
good  recipe  for  happiness  or  companion- 
ability,  Tompkins  concludes. 

Tompkins'  fascination  with  the  West- 
ern genre  is  a  logical  extension  of  her 
previous  scholarly  work.  After  studying 
nineteenth-century  American  literature 
and  writing  her  dissertation  on  Mel- 
ville, Tompkins  took  a  course  on  the 
history    of   American    culture    that 
changed  her  literary  perspective  dra- 
matically. In  that  course  she  read  Uncle 
Tom's  Cabin  and  was  shocked  to  real- 
ize that  the  book — the  most  popular  of 
its    day    and    incalculably    in- 
fluential— was    virtually    ig- 
nored  in   the  contempo- 
rary college  curriculum. 

Tompkins  began      . 
to  study  other 


For  most  of  the  19th 

century,  women 

exercised  what  little 

social  power  they  had 

in  the  church  and  the 

home.  The  Western 

contains  neither. 


books  that  people 
had  been  reading  at 
the  time  and  realized 
that  these  books, 
most  by  women  writ- 
ers, were  a  type  ig- 
nored by  scholars  as 
trivial,  yet  were  enor- 
mously influential  in 
their  day.  The  plots 
and  characters  of 
these  works  "provide 
society  a  means  of 
thinking  about  it- 
self, defining  certain 
aspects  of  a  social 
reality  which  the 
authors  and  their  readers  shared,  dramatiz- 
ing its  conflicts  and  recommending  solu- 
tions." The  book  that  grew  out  of  that 
realization,  Sensational  Designs,  has  been 
influential  in  expanding  the  canon  of 
American  literary  works  taught  in  schools 
today. 

Tompkins  advocates  reading  popular 
books  as  a  means  of  engaging  in  cultural 
dialogue.  "People  should  have  more  inte- 
grated reading  lives,"  she  says,  "so  they 
don't  think  the  hard,  difficult  books  are 
the  good  ones  and  the  ones  that  are  plea- 
surable are  trashy.  I  think  that  is  a  kind  of 
mortification  of  the  self  that  is  unhealthy." 
While  the  Western  as  a  literary  and  cin- 
ematic genre  is  fading,  Tompkins  says  the 
macho  ethic  lives  on  in  a  new  setting. 
Films  like  Road  Warrior,  Robocop, 
and  the  Terminator  movies— 


"science  fiction  with  a  powerful  death 
wish" — are  the  Western's  natural  succes- 
sors in  a  high-tech,  urban  setting.  But  the 
cultural  grip  of  the  silent,  violent  male  is 
loosening,  giving  way  to  more  complex 
and  intetesting  characters.  She  cites  sever- 
al examples  from  the  current  film  crop.  In 
City  of  joy,  a  male  doctor  goes  to  Calcutta 
and  helps  out  in  a  clinic  against  his  will. 
In  The  Doctor  and  Regarding  Henry,  hard- 
driven  male  professionals  are  stricken  with 
illness  and,  on  recovering,  reject  the 
macho  ethic  for  a  socially-oriented  one. 

But  as  Big  Sky  Country  fills  up  with 
freeways  and  office  parks,  what  new  Eden 
will  Americans  pick  as  the  setting  for 
working  out  cultural  conflicts?  With  men 
and  women  accepting  less  polarized  roles, 
what  new  story  is  America  telling  itself 
right  now — and  where? 

Tompkins  suggests  we  need  look  no  fur- 
ther west  than  our  own  living  rooms.  "A 
lot  of  it  is  going  on  on  TV,"  she  says.  If 
that  is  the  case,  our  New  Yorker  cartoon 
character  can  stay  in  his  tub  and  flick  the 
remote  to  Arsenio — or  Donahue.  I 


Norman  is  a  frequent  contributor  to  the  magazine. 


"When  you  boil  it  all  down, 
vArat  does  a  man  really  need? 
Just  a  smoke  and  a  cup  of  coffee.' 

(Johnny  Guitar,  1954; 


hex-December    I  992 


THE  YEARS 

OFLMNG 

DANGEROIEIY 


BY  BRIDGET  BOOHER 


PLAYGROUNDS  AS  BATTLEGROUNDS: 


GROWING  UP  SCARED 


What's  the  matter  with  kids  today?  In  light  of  mount- 
ing evidence  that  a  troubled  generation  faces  a  violent 
future,  researchers,  educators,  counselors,  and  parents 
are  searching  for  answers. 


arkness  had  fallen  by  the  time 
the  high  school  city  champion- 
ship basketball  game  was  over. 
Two  boys  waited  by  the  gym  for 
their  ride  home,  excited  that  their  team 
had  won  the  evening's  athletic  contest. 
Suddenly,  the  pair  spotted  four  students 
from  the  losing  team's  school  approaching. 
Sensing  danger,  one  boy  took  off,  leaving 
his  friend  alone  with  the  advancing  group. 
By  the  time  the  encounter  ended,  the  boy 
had  suffered  a  broken  nose. 

"It  didn't  occur  to  me  at  the  time,"  says 
John  Lochman,  the  victim  of  that  attack 
several  decades  ago,  "but  I  later  wondered 
about  those  kids:  What  were  they  like? 
What  had  their  histories  been?  Why  did 
they  choose  to  express  their  anger  that 
way?" 

Such  adolescent  skirmishes,  says  Loch- 
man, now  an  associate  professor  of  psychi- 
atry and  psychology  at  Duke's  Community 
Guidance  Clinic,  are  not  unusual.  What  is 
troubling  is  how  similar  encounters  are 
played  out  today,  both  in  the  schoolyard 
and  beyond. 


"Take  the  exact  same  situation — a  group 

of  kids  stirred  up  after  a  game,  very  aroused 

because  their  team  lost,  they're  frustrated 

and  looking  for  a  way  to  vent  their  anger," 

says  Lochman.  "What's  worrisome  is  not 

that  kids  are  necessarily  more  aggressive, 

j  but  that  they  have  easy  access  to  guns.  It 

I  used  to  be  you  might  punch  someone  out, 

|  or  knife  them.  But  for  kids  with  guns,  the 

odds  are  that  in  the  heat  of  the  moment, 

even  if  they  hadn't  planned  on  it,  they  will 

use  them." 

Add  other  critical,  contemporary  ele- 
ments— a  burgeoning  and  deadly  drug  cul- 
ture, widening  economic  disparity  between 
the  haves  and  have-nots,  an  erosion  of  the 
notion  of  community — and  a  bleak  picture 
emerges.  The  daily  news  offers  a  sad  litany 
of  lost  youth:  children  killed  in  the  cross- 
fire of  gang  rivalries,  teenagers  who  murder 
for  their  victims'  cars,  below-poverty-level 
families  that  can't  afford  adequate  child  or 
health  care. 

What  is  wrong  with  the  youth  of  today? 
In  the  past,  the  question  was  asked  rhetori- 
cally, with  an  air  of  bemused  wonder  in 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


reference  to  rock  music  or  outrageous  fash- 
ion. Now,  it's  being  asked  by  educators, 
researchers,  psychologists,  and  parents, 
who  detect  a  clear  and  disturbing  trend 
that  stems  from,  and  contributes  to,  an 
overall  atmosphere  of  moral  and  social 
bankruptcy. 

According  to  a  recent  study  by  North- 
eastern University's  College  of  Criminal 
Justice,  there  were  1,500  homicide  arrests 
last  year  in  the  thirteen-  to  sixteen-year-old 
age  group.  That's  nearly  double  the  number 
from  1985.  Among  seventeen-year-olds,  the 
rate  rose  121  percent,  from  34-4  per 
100,000  in  1985  to  76.1  per  100,000  in 
1991.  The  biggest  increase  in  arrest  rates — 
217  percent — was  among  fifteen-year-olds. 
In  presenting  the  study,  co-author  and 
Northeastern  dean  James  Alan  Fox  warned 
that  "What  we've  seen  in  the  past  few 
years  is  nothing  compared  with  what  we'll 
see  in  the  next  decade  and  on  into  the 
next  century  as  the  resurging  adolescent 
population  mixes  with  changes  in  our  soci- 
ety, our  culture,  and 
our  economy." 

The  Northeastern 
analysis  comes  on  the 
heels  of  another  grim 
review.  A  draft  report 
by  the  American  Psy- 
chological Associa- 
tion's (APA)  Com- 
mission on  Violence 
and  Youth  delivers  the 
same  urgent  alarm.  Re- 
viewed at  the  annual 
APA  meeting  this  fall 
(a  final  report  is  ex- 
pected early  next 
year),  the  study  calls 
violence  a  "stagger- 
ing problem"  that 
is  highly  prevalent 
among  "youth,  minor- 
ity groups,  and  males." 

Why  is  this  hap- 
pening? The  chief  rea- 
sons, according  to  the 
APA  draft  report,  are 
such  social  experi- 
ences as  enduring  or 
witnessing  family  vio- 
lence, watching  vio- 
lence on  television 
and  in  movies,  having 
access  to  guns,  use  of 
alcohol  and  drugs, 
and  "poverty,  eco- 
nomic inequality,  and 
discrimination." 

Not  surprisingly, 
the  problem  is  most 
acute  in  inner  cities, 
places  where  residents 
are  economically  dis- 


advantaged and  cycles  of  violence  are  hard 
to  break.  Neil  Boothby,  director  of  the  In- 
stitute of  Policy  Sciences  and  Public  Af- 
fairs' Leadership  Program,  has  devoted  much 
of  his  academic  research  to  working  with 
children  of  war  in  locations  such  as  Mozam- 
bique, Cambodia,  and  Central  America.  He 
says  that  America's  poor  urban  areas 
have,  literally,  become  battlegrounds. 
"We  have  war  zones  in  our  cities.  What 
we've  seen  in  developing  countries  and 
what  we  see  in  the  inner  cities  is  the  same. 
Most  of  these  children  [living  in  these 
environments]  have  a  somewhat  fatalistic 
sense  that  neighborhoods  are  not  safe 
places,  that  neighborhoods  are  places 
where  people  get  killed." 

Growing  up  in  such  surroundings  rein- 
forces the  message  that  violence  is  normal: 
The  sound  of  gunshots  at  night  becomes 
commonplace,  and  conflicts  are  resolved 
through  force.  Status  is  accorded  through 
material  possessions,  which,  given  the  fi- 
nancial infrastructure  of  poor  communi- 


H 


ties,  frequently  are  symbols  of  drug-based 
entrepreneurship. 

"It's  very  hard  to  talk  realistically  to  a 
child  in  that  situation  and  say,  'If  you  finish 
high  school,  you'll  be  in  a  better  place,'  " 
says  Boothby,  "because  they  look  around 
and  the  kids  who  are  doing  well  economi- 
cally— carrying  beepers  in  school  and  driv- 
ing nice  cars — are  in  the  drug  trade.  Some 
of  the  brightest,  most  entrepreneurial  kids 
we  have  in  these  places  turn  to  that 
because  they  can  see — and,  unfortunately, 
they're  right — that  their  future  economi- 
cally is  better  off  doing  that." 

Accompanying  this  skewed  rewards  sys- 
tem, say  observers,  is  an  equally  pervasive 
and  debilitating  spiritual  poverty.  In  his 
book  The  Moral  Imagination  and  Public  Life: 
Raising  the  Ethical  Question,  Duke  associate 
professor  of  religion  Thomas  McCollough 
says  that  the  breakdown  of  community  has 
reached  a  crisis  point  in  America.  His  analy- 
sis is  not  restricted  to  socioeconomically 
disadvantaged  areas;  rather,  McCollough's 
concerns  apply  to  the 
entire  spectrum  of  na- 
tional life. 

"As  long  as  people 
don't  have  a  stake  in 
the  community — the 
political  community, 
the  civil  communi- 
ty— and  they  know 
themselves  to  be  out- 
siders, then  we'll 
have  crime  and  every- 
thing associated  with 
it,"  says  McCollough. 
"If  we  can't  see  the 
'invisible  poor'  from 
where  we  are,  then 
they're  going  to  re- 
mind us.  And  they 
will  do  it.  They  will 
tickle  our  feet,  first 
with  knives,  and  then 
guns,  and  then  bombs, 
and  they'll  do  what- 
ever it  takes  to  get 
our  attention." 

It  is  in  everyone's 
best  interest,  says 
McCollough,  to  worry 
about  the  growing 
disparity  between  the 
rich  and  the  poor. 
"The  idea  of  moral 
community  is  realis- 
tic because  society 
will  not  function  over 
the  long  haul  if  all 
we  have  is  a  collec- 
tion of  atomistic  in- 
dividuals who  have 
no  capacity  for  re- 
garding otber  people 


\, 


Da 


1992 


with  a  modicum  of  respect,  civility,  fair- 
ness, and  even  mercy.  We  would  go  a  long 
way  in  plumbing  the  depths  of  the  mystery 
of  alienation,  of  crime,  of  open  warfare  in 
the  streets,  if  we  had  a  mind  to  include 
[the  poor]." 

Given  the  gravity  and  complexity  of 
such  issues  in  public  life,  where  does  hope 
for  the  future  lie?  What  do  we  do  for  chil- 
dren who  are  more  familiar  with  9mm 
handguns  than  with  nursery  rhymes?  Public 
policy's  Neil  Boothby  says  that  communi- 
ty-level involvement  is  the  way  to  go,  par- 
ticularly given  the  lack  of  resources  (and 
concern)  from  outside  sources. 

"The  problem  is  that  these  neighbor- 
hoods aren't  safe,"  he  says.  "So,  given  the 
lack  of  police  and  the  absence  of  profes- 
sional programs,  the  only  way  to  change 
the  situation  is  through  grass-roots  mobi- 
lization. We're  beginning  to  see  examples 
of  this  in  some  of  the  most  desperate  areas. 
These  are  places  that  have  been  written 
off  by  both  national  and  state  governments 
and  have  deteriorated  to  the  point  where 
the  only  economy  is  drugs.  In  the  midst  of 
these  ruins  are  people — women,  principal- 
ly— who  have  drawn  a  line  in  the  sand 
and  said,  'No  more.'  " 

Boothby  cites  the  example  of  a  group  of 
mothers  and  grandmothers  in  Durham  who 
had  watched  their  neighborhoods  steadily 
decline.  Some  had  lost  children  and  grand- 
children to  violence  brought  about  by  a 
growing  drug  trade.  This  coalition  of 
women,  working  with  the  police  force  and 
volunteers,  have  identified  the  dealers  and 
where  they  congregate.  They've  pressured 


in 


Remember  the 
bullies  in  your 
school  who 
made  up  for  their  lack 
of  academic  talent  by 
strong-arming  people 
they  didn't  like?  Not 
surprisingly,  these  kids 
are  often  grappling 
with  a  complex  host  of 
problems,  and  their 
schoolyard  behavior 
often  portends  future 
disciplinary  difficulties. 

In  a  survey  of  sixth 
graders  in  North  Car- 
olina's Orange  County 
public  school  system, 
the  ones  who  were 
faring  poorly  said  they 
first  experienced  nega- 
tive feelings  about  their 
classroom  performance 
as  early  as  third  grade. 
Says  Moss  Cohen 
M.Ed.  '78,  educational 
coordinator  of  a 
Durham-based  early 


intervention  program, 
"A  lot  of  the  kids  we 
see  who  are  disruptive 
might  not  have  turned 
out  that  way  if  their 
academic  needs  had 
been  met  early  on.  By 
the  fourth  grade,  if 
you're  not  close  to 
grade  level  in  reading, 
there's  little  chance 
you'll  succeed  in  the 
classroom  because 
everything  else  is 
dependent  on  that  skill. 
So  kids  who  are  frus- 
trated will  perceive 
themselves  as  the  class 
failure,  and  that  fre- 
quently comes  out  in 
macho,  aggressive 
ways." 

In  his  research  on 
children,  poverty,  and 
education,  Duke  psy- 
chology professor 
Michael  WaUach 
explores  how  a  child's 


"If  you  don't  ste 

/at  age  five  or  six,\ 

in  another  ten  years 


owners  of  crack  houses  to  kick  out  the  ten- 
ants and,  in  some  instances,  sell  the  prop- 
erty back  to  the  community. 

"A  crucial  component  of  what  they're 
doing,"  says  Boothby,  "is  saying  that  unless 
their  homes  are  safe,  unless  their  neighbor- 
hoods are  safe,  nothing  else  is  going  to 
work.  That  is  a  minimal  condition.  And 
they've  begun  to  make  a  difference.  Of 
course,  it  is  much  harder  to  pull  that  kind 
of  thing  off  in  urban  areas,  because  people 
don't  feel  that  kind  of  kinship.  You  have 
to  have  that  collective  sense  of  purpose." 

Back  at  the  Community  Guidance  Clin- 
ic, psychologist  John  Lochman — along 
with  Duke  colleague  and  principal  investi- 
gator John  Coie  and  psychologists  from 
Pennsylvania  State  University,  Vanderbilt 
University,  and  the  University  of  Wash- 
ington— is  overseeing  a  four-city  project 


BREAKING  THE  BULLY  CYCLE 


status 
affects  school  perfor- 
mance. "A  lot  of  the 
children  we're  talking 
about  don't  have  the 
prerequisite  skills 
teachers  assume  every- 
one has.  For  kids  from 
families  where  reading 
and  verbal  games  are 
emphasized,  they've 
had  six  years  of  liter- 
acy-support before 
they  enter  school.  If 
you  don't  have  that, 
you're  at  a  disadvan- 
tage from  the  start. 
And  if  academic 
instruction  leaves  them 
out  in  the  cold,  then 
they'll  turn  it  off  and 
respond  to  other  things 
in  the  environment. 
Those  are  the  kids  who 
are  crawling  up  the 
walls." 

To  avoid  letting  such 
kids  slip  through  the 


cracks,  educators  are 
looking  not  only  at 
early  intervention  pro- 
grams but  also  at  new 
ways  of  teaching. 
That's  particularly 
important,  says  Cohen, 
when  you're  working 
with  kids  from  troubled 
home  environments. 
"Unless  you  can  show 
them  tangible  ways  of 
applying  what  they're 
learning  to  getting  a 
job,  or  helping  them 
move  away  from  the 
[rough]  situation 
they're  in,  school  is  not 
going  to  have  any  rele- 
vance." 

And  it's  important  to 
pay  attention  to  this 
segment  of  the  youth 
population  as  it  gradu- 
ates to  high  school. 
Because  college  isn't 
always  an  option  for 
young  people  from 


for  children  prone  to  aggressive  behavior. 
This  early  intervention  strategy  (wherein 
potential  problem  kids  are  identified  in 
kindergarten  and  enrolled  in  the  program 
in  first  grade)  makes  sense.  As  noted  in 
the  APA  report,  "Although  psychology 
has  approached  research  on  the  develop- 
ment of  aggression  largely  as  a  single  disci- 
pline, the  problem  of  violence  in  America 
is  multidimensional  and  its  solution 
requires  an  interdisciplinary  approach." 

"Over  the  years,  we've  been  worried 
about  the  kids  who  have  short  fuses,  and 
they  are  typically  coming  from  homes  that 
just  don't  provide  enough  structure,"  says 
Lochman.  "There  are  a  lot  of  angry  kids 
out  there.  If  they  live  in  a  home  where  the 
parents  are  working  to  provide  a  good 
structure,  then  they'll  be  okay.  But  if  that's 
not  true,  it  can  be  pretty  dangerous." 

Past  efforts  with  these  populations  have 
usually  been  short-term,  Lochman  notes, 
with  inconsistent  follow-up  reflecting 
(among  other  things)  the  unstable  nature 
of  the  families  involved.  Previous  studies 
have  also  failed  to  take  into  account  the 
changing  dynamics  involved  as  a  child 
matures  and  copes  with  additional  acade- 
mic, social,  and  family  pressures. 

The  early  intervention  program  consists 
of  five  components:  parent  training,  home 
visiting/case  management,  social  skills 
training,  academic  tutoring,  and  teacher- 
based  classroom  intervention.  Funded  by 
the  National  Institutes  of  Mental  Health, 
the  comprehensive,  long-term  study  is  de- 
signed to  prevent  minor  behavioral  prob- 
lems from  becoming  major  ones. 


poor  families,  offering 
alternative  curricula 
could  mean  the  differ- 
ence between  em- 
ployment or  a  contin- 
ued cycle  of  poverty. 
During  a  year-long 
teaching  internship  at 
Durham  High  School, 
Mary  Camp  M.A.T.  '91 
saw  how  apathy 
affected  students  who 
couldn't  find  relevance 
in  the  available 
courses. 

"They  considered 
school  as  something  to 
endure,"  says  Camp, 
who  now  teaches  biol- 
ogy at  the  North  Car- 
olina School  of  Science 
and  Mathematics.  "A 
lot  of  them  felt  that  no 
matter  what  they  did, 
once  they  got  out,  soci- 
ety was  going  to  keep 
them  down.  Just  finish- 
ing high  school  was 


more  than  what  their 
parents  had  done,  so 
they  didn't  really  look 
beyond  that.  A  few 
went  on  to  college,  but 
others  were  looking  to 
beauty  school  and  fast 
food  restaurants"  for 
employment. 

Moss  Cohen  admits 
to  having  mixed  feel- 
ings about  seeing  for- 
mer students  working 
behind  the  counter  of 
McDonald's  and 
Burger  King.  "You  see 
so  many  of  them 
who've  dropped  out  of 
school,"  he  says,  shak- 
ing his  head.  "On  one 
level,  I  guess  it's  posi- 
tive because  at  least 
they're  holding  down  a 
job  and  Lord  knows 
what  else  they  could  be 
doing.  But  you  wonder 
what  kind  of  future 
they're  going  to  have." 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


For  the  past  twenty-five  years,  Moss 
Cohen  M.Ed.  '78  has  worked  with  chil- 
dren and  adolescents.  He's  taught  read- 
ing and  social  studies  to  fourth  and  sixth 
graders  in  a  standard  classroom  setting, 
and  helped  emotionally  disturbed  kids  in 
a  residential  environment.  And  now, 
he's  engaged  as  the  educational  co- 
ordinator for  the  early  intervention  pro- 
gram. Given  the  abbreviated  nature  of 
most  intervention  programs  in  the  past, 
Cohen  says,  his  vocation  can  be  incredi- 
bly frustrating. 

"It's  not  as  if  there's  one  kind  of  ag- 
gressive kid  and  the  causal  reasons  are  all 
the  same,"  he  says.  "Every  case  is  differ- 
ent. If  you  look  around  a  classroom  and 
there's  a  kid  who's  behaving  incredibly 
silly,  falling  off  his  chair,  acting  like  the 
class  clown,  well,  you  wouldn't  necessarily 
think  this  kid's  having  problems  at  home. 
But  it  turns  out  there  are  serious  stress 
factors  in  his  family  and  this  is  how  he 
deals  with  it.  And  next  to  him  is  the  kid 
who  looks  really  sad,  and  puts  her  head 
on  the  desk  and  doesn't  want  to  do  any- 
thing." And  then  there  are  the  out-and- 
out  bullies,  who  channel  their  anger  into 
physical  intimidation. 

All  these  youngsters  are  at  risk,  says 
Cohen,  for  academic  troubles  and  the 
related  emotional  hardships  that  follow. 


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"These  kids  need  to  have  people  in  their 
lives  who  show  they  care,"  he  says.  "When  I 
was  younger,  I  had  a  real  sense  that  things 
I  said  or  did  could  make  a  difference.  And 
I  think  I'm  good  about  establishing  rela- 
tionships and  trust  with  kids.  But  there  has 
to  be  more.  We  have  to  be  able  to  show 
these  kids  that  there  are  tangible  things 
available  for  them  if  they  change  certain 
behaviors. 

"And  that's  not  always  easy.  Because  a 
lot  of  these  aggressive  kids  are  very  bright; 
they  are  aware  that  they're  from  a  deprived 
portion  of  society.  They  watch  TV,  they 
know  what  their  limitations  are.  And 
knowing  how  few  people  make  it  out  of 
those  situations  creates  a  rage  that  they 
live  with  all  the  time." 

During  a  discussion  about  fear  one  day, 
Cohen  polled  each  class  member  as  to  what 
real-life  situation  made  them  scared.  "I'm 
lying  in  bed  and  someone's  trying  to  break 
into  my  house,"  said  one.  "Hearing  ambu- 
lances all  the  time,"  said  another.  Others 
described  seeing  people  shot  in  their  neigh- 
borhoods, or  watching  fire  trucks  roar  up  to 
put  out  another  house  fire. 

"Even  at  that  age,"  says  Cohen,  of  his 
first-  and  second-grade  charges,  "they're 
very  aware  of  what's  going  on  in  their 
neighborhood....  That's  why  I'm  opti- 
mistic about  this  program,  because  we're 


"A  lot  of  these 
aggressive  kids  are 

very  bright. 

Knowing  how  few 

people  make  it 

out  creates  a  rage 

they  live  with 

all  the  time." 


tracking  these  students  over  time.  We're 
in  this  for  the  long  haul." 

While  early  intervention  programs  like 
this  one  sound  promising,  project  directors 
admit  they  can  only  affect  a  tiny  segment 
of  a  growing  population  of  children  that 
need  help.  Even  if  it  proves  successful  in 
the  initial  target  communities,  getting 
funded  on  a  broad  scale  may  prove  diffi- 
cult. But  the  alternative,  John  Lochman 
says,  is  even  more  costly. 

"Clearly,  this  is  the  kind  of  situation 
where  prevention  is  more  important  than 


what  you  do  later,"  he  says.  "While  we  have 
to  deal  right  now  with  people  committing 
horrendous  crimes  in  our  society,  it  is  per- 
ilous not  to  pay  attention  [to  early  inter- 
vention]. Because  if  you  don't  step  in  with 
kids  who  are  having  problems  at  five  or  six 
years  old,  in  another  ten  years,  they're 
going  to  be  the  ones  being  sent  to  prisons." 

Religion  professor  McCollough  agrees 
that  American  society  approaches  social 
ills  backwards,  paying  attention  only  at 
the  crisis  point.  When  asked  how  he 
responds  to  critics  who  say  the  solution  to 
crime  is  to  build  more  prisons  and  impose 
harsher  sentences,  McCollough  smiles  and 
shakes  his  head  slowly. 

"Let  me  put  it  this  way,"  he  says.  "Here 
in  North  Carolina,  we  have  devoted  a  mas- 
sive amount  of  money  to  new  prisons  and 
to  a  state  highway  system  that  will  bring 
the  highways  within  ten  miles  of  every 
person  living  here.  But  at  the  same  time, 
we  have  one  of  the  worst  illiteracy  prob- 
lems in  the  country.  As  one  member  of  the 
state  legislature  pointed  out,  we're  building 
new  highways  so  that  we  can  take  the  illit- 
erate to  the  new  prisons.  It's  incredible. 

"How  long  will  it  take  for  us  as  citizens 
to  wake  up  and  realize  that  these  are  prob- 
lems that  affect  us  all?"  ■ 


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DUKE   MAGAZINE 


DUKE 


ALUMNUS  OF  THE 
YEAR 


B 


efore  Lenox  Dial  Baker  M.D.  '34 
ever  considered  becoming  a  doctor, 
the  Texas-born  orthopaedic  surgeon 
and  Duke  medical  school  professor  emeri- 
tus did  some  traveling.  After  all,  he  was 
only  two  years  younger  than  the  new  cen- 
tury and  fresh  out  of  high  school. 

Baker,  1992  recipient  of  the  Duke  Alumni 
Association's  Distinguished  Alumni  Award, 
attended  business  school  in  Philadelphia, 
worked  on  an  ice  wagon,  was  a  movie 
usher,  a  clothing-store 
clerk,  a  banker,  an 
actor,  and  a  model. 
But  in  1925,  after  see- 
ing doctors  save  his 
mother,  who  had  been 
in  an  airplane  crash, 
Baker  says  he  decided 
that  day  to  become  a 
physician.  Wanting  to 
learn  about  the  role 
of  medicine  in  ath- 
letics, he  wrote  letters 
to  schools  that  had 
good  football  teams. 
The  University  of 
Tennessee  hired  him 
as  a  team  trainer,  and 
he  enrolled  in  the 
school's  pre-med  cur- 
riculum. 

After  the  1928 
football  season,  Baker 
was  encouraged  by 
his  coach  to  get  on  with  his  medical 
career.  He  applied  to  Duke's  new  medical 
school  and  was  accepted  into  its  first  grad- 
uating class.  He  later  became  team  trainer 
under  football  coach  Wallace  Wade.  Bnker 
interned  at  Johns  Hopkins  in  Baltimore 
and  returned  to  Duke  to  begin  a  career 
that  would  bring  him  national  acclaim. 

In  1937,  he  was  named  chief  of  ortho- 
paedic surgery  and  for  the  next  thirty  years 
headed  the  medical  school's  orthopaedic 
training  program.  He  initiated  a  clinic  for 
cerebral  palsy,  established  and  directed 
Duke's  school  of  physical  therapy,  devel- 


Baker:  portrait  of  "Mr.  Sports  Medicine 


oped  the  concept  of  sports  medicine  as  a 
subspecialty  of  orthopaedic  medicine,  and 
promoted  the  subspecialties  of  hand  sur- 
gery, prosthetics,  rehabilitation,  and  hip  and 
spine  surgery. 

Baker  was  responsible  for  establishing  in 
1947  the  North  Carolina  Cerebral  Palsy 
Hospital,  which  later  was  expanded  to 
become  the  Lenox  Baker  Children's  Hos- 
pital in  1973,  the  only  children's  hospital 
in  the  state.  His  past  honors  include  the 
presidency  of  the  American  Orthopaedic 
Association,  the  American  Academy  of 
Cerebral  Palsy,  the  North  Carolina  State 
Board  of  Health,  the  North  Carolina  League 
of  Crippled  Chil- 
dren, the  North  Car- 
olina Orthopaedic 
Association,  and  the 
Medical  Society  of 
North  Carolina. 

In  1957,  President 
Dwight  D.  Eisenhow- 
er presented  him  the 
Physician's  Award. 
For  his  activities  in 
sports  medicine,  he 
was  elected  to  both 
the  North  Carolina 
Sports  Hall  of  Fame 
and  Duke's  Sports 
Hall  of  Fame.  In 
1970,  the  Sports 
Writers  Association 
honored  him  with  its 
Distinguished  Service 
to  Sports  award,  and 
the  American  Ortho- 
paedic Society  for 
Sports  Medicine  named  him  "Mr.  Sports 
Medicine"  in  1989,  the  same  year  he 
received  the  Distinguished  Alumni  Award 
from  the  Duke  medical  school's  alumni 
association. 

Nominations  for  the  1993  Duke  Alumni 
Association's  Distinguished  Alumni  Award 
can  be  made  on  a  form  available  in  these 
pages,  or  from  the  Alumni  Affairs  office. 
The  deadline  is  August  31.  To  receive  addi- 
tional forms,  write  Barbara  Pattishall,  Asso- 
ciate Director,  Alumni  Affairs,  614  Chapel 
Drive,  Durham,  N.C.  27708;  or  call  (919) 
684-5114,  (800)  FOR-DUKE. 


ENGINEERED  FOR 
SERVICE 


Fred  Neu  B.S.C.E.  '34  received  the 
engineering  school's  Distinguished 
Service  Award  at  its  annual  awards 
banquet  in  April.  Neu  has  been  a  class 
agent  for  Duke's  Annual  Fund  from  its 
nception  in  1942  until  he  stepped  down 
n  1988.  In  1984,  he  was  the  first  engineer- 
ng  alumnus  to  receive  the  Charles  A. 
Dukes  Award  for  Outstanding  Volunteer 
Service  to  Duke. 

A  member  of  the  engineering  school's 
Alumni  Council  from  1978  to  1988  and 
president  in  1983,  he  has  been  president  of 
the  Class  of  1934  since  1984  and  was 
recently  elected  permanent  class  president. 
Neu  has  also  served  as  secretary-treasurer 
for  the  fiftieth  reunion  and  chairman  for 
its  fifty-fifth.  Both  reunions  raised  record 
contributions  to  the  Annual  Fund. 

After  graduating  from  Duke,  Neu  began 
a  construction  industry  career  that  was 
interrupted  by  World  War  II,  when  he 
served  three  years  as  a  naval  reserve  offi- 
cer. He  resumed  his  career  postwar  and  has 
since  supervised  construction  work  in  four- 
teen states  and  five  foreign  countries,  con- 
centrating in  heavy  construction  and  high- 
way work. 

When  he  retired  in  1977,  he  was  corpo- 
rate manager  for  quality  assurance  with 
Blount  Brothers  Corporation,  builders  of 
the  original  launch  pad  for  the  Saturn- 
Apollo  program,  later  modified  for  the 
space  shuttle  program. 

Neu  is  a  member  of  the  Washington  Duke 
Club,  the  Iron  Dukes,  and  Tau  Beta  Pi. 


RECOGNIZING 
VOLUNTEERS 

Charles  A.  Dukes  Awards,  given  an- 
nually to  recognize  outstanding  vol- 
unteer service  to  the  university,  will 
be  presented  to  fourteen  alumni  and  two 
Duke  parents  this  year.  Recipients  are  cho- 
sen by  the  Duke  Alumni  Association's 
board  of  directors  and  the  Annual  Fund's 


N, 


be 


1  992 


HISTORY 
ON  TRACK 


The  Doris,  James 
Buchanan  "Buck" 
Duke's  private  rail 
car,  was  back  in  town  in 
September  for  the  cen- 
tennial celebration  of 
Trinity  College's  move 
to  Durham  (Trinity  was  renamed  Duke  Univer- 
sity in  1924  in  honor  of  Duke's  father,  Washing- 
ton Duke). 

The  car,  named  for  Buck  Duke's  only  daugh- 
ter, Doris,  was  custom-made  in  1917  for  $38,050. 
One  of  its  most  significant  trips  was  made  in  1925 
when  Buck  Duke  brought  architects  from 
Philadelphia  and  Boston  to  view  the  site  of  Duke 
University. 

Now  owned  by  the  North  Carolina  Transporta- 
tion History  Corporation  in  Spencer,  The  Doris 
has  been  restored,  using  specifications  and  blue- 
prints from  the  Pullman  Company.  North  Caro- 
lina furniture  manufacturers,  cabinetmakers,  and 
other  specialists  recreated  the  interiors,  patterned 
after  the  car's  original  fixtures. 


executive  committee.  The  awards,  estab- 
lished in  1983,  are  named  to  honor  the  late 
Charles  A.  Dukes  '29,  director  of  alumni 
affairs  from  1944  to  1963. 

Recipients  for  1992  are:  Helen  Curtin 
and  William  J.  Curtin;  Rebecca  Weathers 
Dukes  '56;  F.  Reid  Ervin  B.S.E.  '42; 
N.  Allison  Haltom  72;  Lawrence  F.  Hays 
Jr.  M.Div.  75;  Kenneth  W.  Hubbard  '65; 
Nancy  Page  Jackson  '68;  Anthony  J.  Lim- 
berakis  M.D.  79;  Richard  A.  "Chip" 
Palmer  LL.B.  '66;  Marjorie  Anderson  Pip- 
kin '66;  Kenneth  H.  Pugh  B.S.E.  70; 
Michael  G.  Reiland  75  and  Pamela  Lan- 
dreth  Reiland  75;  Guy  T.  Solie  '67;  and 
Doris  A.  Stoessel  '67. 

The  Curtins,  of  Potomac,  Maryland,  are 
the  parents  of  Helen  B.  Curtin  79,  Caro- 
line G.  Curtin  '87,  and  William  J.  Curtin 
III  '92.  They  have  jointly  chaired  the  na- 
tional Duke  Parents'  Program  since  1989, 
leading  it  through  three  successful,  record- 
breaking  drives.  They  have  also  been  mem- 
bers of  the  Annual  Fund's  executive  com- 
mittee, a  voluntary  advisory  group  that 
meets  three  times  a  year  to  assist  with 
campaign  planning. 

Rebecca  Weathers  Dukes,  of  Hyatts- 
ville,  Maryland,  has  been  a  member  of  the 
Annual  Fund's  executive  committee  for 
the  past  six  years,  chairing  its  subcommit- 
tee on  leadership  and  reunion  giving.  She 
was  also  a  member  of  the  Class  of  1956 
Reunion  Leadership  Gift  Committee. 
Along  with  her  husband,  Charles  A.  Dukes 
Jr.  '56,  LL.B.  '57,  she  has  co-chaired  the 
national  Reunion  Committee. 

Ervin,  of  Virginia  Beach,  Virginia,  has 
been  the  class  agent  for  the  engineering 


school's  Class  of  1942  for  the  past  six 
years.  Last  year,  his  class  exceeded  its  giv- 
ing goal  by  330  percent,  with  a  97  percent 
rate  of  participation. 

Haltom,  of  Durham,  is  Duke's  university 
secretary.  She  was  a  member  of  the  Class 
of  1972  Leadership  Gift  Committee.  She 
has  also  been  a  class  president  and  an  hon- 
orary member  of  the  board  of  the  Duke 
Alumni  Association. 

Hays,  of  Lake  City,  South  Carolina,  was 
a  member  of  the  Divinity  School  Alumni 
Association  National  Council  for  nine 
years,  serving  as  its  president  in  1987-88. 
In  1990-91,  he  chaired  the  school's  Distin- 
guished Alumni  Award  Committee.  He 
helped  establish  the  divinity  school's 
Alumni  Network  for  Student  Recruitment 
and  is  a  regional  representative. 

Hubbard,  of  Greenwich,  Connecticut, 
chaired  the  Calder  Scholarship  Challenge, 
served  on  the  executive  committee  for 
The  Campaign  for  Duke,  and  has  been 
vice-chair  of  the  New  York  Major  Gifts 
Committee.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the 
Washington  Duke  Club. 

Jackson,  of  Summit,  New  Jersey,  has 
chaired  the  Northern  New  Jersey-Union 
and  Essex  County  Alumni  Admissions 
Advisory  Committee  (AAAC)  and  is  a 
member  of  the  Northern  New  Jersey 
Development  Council.  She  has  been  a 
member  of  the  Washington  Duke  Club 
since  1986  and  has  solicited  for  the  Capi- 
tal Campaign  for  the  Arts  &  Sciences  and 
Engineering. 

Limberakis,  of  Rydal,  Pennsylvania,  has 
been  a  member  of  the  Medical  Alumni 
Council  since   1986,   serving  as   its  vice 


president  in  1991-92.  He  has  also  been  a 
medical  school  class  agent  since  1982. 

Palmer,  of  New  York,  New  York,  has 
held  two  terms  on  the  Law  Alumni  Coun- 
cil. During  his  second  term,  which  began 
in  1987-89,  he  has  rotated  through  all  of  its 
officers'  roles,  from  secretary-treasurer,  vice 
president-president  elect,  president,  to  im- 
mediate past  president.  He  has  also  been  a 
member  of  his  law  class'  reunion  gift  drive. 

Pipkin,  of  Raleigh,  co-chaired  her  twenty- 
fifth  reunion's  planning  committee  and 
served  as  editor  of  her  class'  commemora- 
tive Chanticleer.  She  has  been  an  honorary 
member  of  the  Raleigh  AAAC  since  1980, 
serving  as  chair  in  1986-89. 

Pugh,  of  Durham,  was  class  agent  for  his 
engineering  school's  twentieth  reunion  gift 
drive.  He  has  also  served  as  a  volunteer 
consultant  for  the  Annual  Fund's  comput- 
erization efforts,  assisting  in  establishing  a 
prospect  tracking  system. 

The  Reilands,  of  Houston,  Texas,  have 
co-chaired  Houston's  AAAC,  a  committee 
of  more  than  fifty  members,  since  1986. 

Solie,  of  Durham,  chaired  the  Class  of 
1967's  reunion  gift  drive,  establishing  one 
of  the  largest  Leadership  Gift  Committees 
in  the  history  of  the  Annual  Fund.  The 
Class  of  1967  achieved  48  percent  class 
participation  and  surpassed  their  gift  goal 
by  106  percent. 

Stoessel,  of  Los  Altos,  California,  has 
chaired  the  California  Peninsula  AAAC,  a 
committee  of  more  than  sixty  members, 
since  1986.  She  served  as  a  resource  partic- 
ipant during  Duke's  1991  Leadership  Con- 
ference, a  fall  school  for  volunteers. 


IS 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


ALL  IN  THE 
GAME 


Sports  and  politics,  naturally,  were 
the  hot  topics  for  Duke  alumni  clubs 
this  fall.  Guest  speakers,  away-game 
receptions,  and  seminars  attracted  alumni 
in  record  numbers. 

Jumping  the  basketball  season  a  bit,  for- 
mer Duke  guard  and  now  assistant  coach 
Tommy  Amaker  '87,  M.B.A.  '89  spoke  to 
the  Duke  Club  of  Upstate  South  Carolina 
(Greenville).  He  can  still  draw  a  crowd: 
More  than  a  hundred  alumni,  parents,  and 
friends  came  to  the  August  family  night 
reception  to  hear  him  discuss  the  future  of 
the  basketball  program  and  the  concept  of 
the  student-athlete.  Club  president  Brent 
Clinkscale  '83,  J.D.  '86  and  Bob  Hughes  '74 
helped  organize  the  event.  Amaker  also 
appeared  in  October  at  a  dinner  in  Florida, 
arranged  by  John  Attaway  Jr.  Ph.D.  '57,  at 
the  Duke  Club  of  Lakeland.  Later  that 
month,  he  was  the  dinner  speaker  for  the 
Duke  Club  of  Wilmington,  North  Carolina. 
James  E.  Vann  '53,  M.A.T.  '54  and 
Martha  Curlee  Vann  '55  are  the  club's  co- 
presidents. 

Football  fans  who  follow  the  Blue  Dev- 
ils to  away  games,  or  support  Duke  even 
though  they  live  in  the  camp  of  the 
enemy,  gathered  for  September  football 
fetes  in  Florida,  Tennessee,  and  Georgia. 
The  Capital  Duke  Club  in  Tallahassee  was 
host  to  a  pregame  tailgate  event  in  Sep- 
tember, organized  by  Michael  L.  Rosen  '70 
and  Terrie  Jones  Whittier  '61  and  honor- 
ing the  first  ACC  football  game  in  Florida. 
Walter  Manley  J.D.  '72  is  the  club's  presi- 
dent. The  Duke  Club  of  Nashville  spon- 
sored a  pregame  reception  for  the  Vander- 
bilt  game;  Ramsey  Jones  '86  and  Ann 
Wooster  Elliott  '88  are  the  club's  co-presi- 
dents. And  in  October,  the  Duke  Club  of 
Atlanta,  whose  president  is  Nancy  Jordan 
Ham  '82,  held  a  post-game  reception  for 
the  Duke-Georgia  Tech  match-up.  In 
November,  the  Duke  Club  of  the  Triangle 
rallied  in  Raleigh  at  a  tailgate  party  before 
the  Duke-State  game. 

The  only  thing  preventing  Triangle  club 
president  Herb  Neubauer  '63  from  intro- 
ducing Senator  Terry  Sanford  at  a  sell-out 
September  luncheon  in  Durham  was  Neu- 
bauer's  heart  surgery;  Neubauer  is  doing 
well,  but  he  missed  Duke's  avuncular  for- 
mer president  field  questions  from  a  crowd 
exceeding  a  hundred. 

Duke  political  scientist  James  David 
Barber,  author  of  The  Presidential  Character 
and  his  latest,  Politics  by  Humans,  has  had 
a  busy  season,  needless  to  say.  He  was 
guest  speaker  at  a  September  dinner  ar- 
ranged by  John  Lucas  M.F.  '64  and  club 
president  Sarah  Wendt  '72  for  the  Duke 


Club  of  Richmond.  In  October,  Barber  dis- 
cussed the  upcoming  presidential  election 
at  a  reception  sponsored  by  the  Duke  Club 
of  Cincinnati,  whose  co-presidents  are 
Sara  Clarkson  Howson  '86  and  Mark 
Schoettmer  '8 1 . 

Barber  joined  other  political  experts  in 
Chicago  for  the  first  of  a  series  of  day-long 
Duke  Seminars,  co-sponsored  by  the  clubs 
and  the  continuing  education  programs  at 
Alumni  Affairs.  With  the  Duke  Club  of 
Chicago  and  the  Northwestern  University 
Alumni  Association  as  co-hosts,  Barber 
began  the  October  seminar,  "Election  '92: 
Navigating  a  Sea  of  Change,"  with  a 
keynote  address,  "How  Should  We  Think 
Who  Should  Be  President?"  Duke  parent 
Hugh  Sidey,  a  Time  contributing  editor 
and  a  Duke  Magazine  Editorial  Advisory 
Board  member,  and  Robert  Entman  '71, 
associate  professor  of  communication  stud- 
ies at  Northwestern,  led  the  morning  and 
afternoon  break-out  sessions.  The  lun- 
cheon topic  was  "Political  Debate:  Past 
and  Present,"  by  Northwestern's  dean  of 
the  School  of  Speech  David  Zarefsky.  The 
Chicago  club's  president  is  Alex  Geier  '85. 

Another  Duke  Seminar  was  co-hosted  in 
September  by  the  Duke  Club  of  Philadel- 
phia and  the  Duke  Club  of  Delaware:  "De- 
fining and  Implementing  a  New  National 
Agenda,"  with  Richard  Stubbing,  a  profes- 
sor at  Duke's  Institute  for  Policy  Sciences 
and  Public  Affairs,  and  Neil  Boothby,  di- 
rector of  the  institute's  Leadership  Program. 
Amanda  Blumenthal  '87  is  the  Philadel- 
phia club's  president  and  Patsy  Sutherland 
Keller  '80,  M.B.A.  '88  is  Delaware's.  Par- 
ticipants met  in  five  working  groups  to  dis- 
cuss issues  and  formulate  their  strategies, 
which  they  then  presented  to  the  entire 
seminar  audience.  A  summary  of  the  pro- 
posals formulated  were  presented  to  cam- 
paign officials  of  both  the  Democratic  and 
Republican  parties. 


TEACHER  OF  THE 
YEAR 


Zoologist 
Hugh  C. 
Crenshaw 
Ph.D.  '89  likes  to 
know  how  he's 
doing  as  a  physiol- 
ogy teacher.  So,  in- 
stead of  the  usual 
end-of-semester 
review  by  students, 
he  asks  his  classes 
to  evaluate  him 
weekly.  And  they 
rank     him     high, 


nominating  him  for  the  1991-92  Alumni 
Distinguished  Undergraduate  Teaching 
Award,  sponsored  by  the  Duke  Alumni 
Association,  with  the  choice  made  by  a 
student-run  review  committee. 

Crenshaw,  now  an  assistant  professor  in 
the  zoology  department,  taught  "Introduction 
to  the  Principles  of  Physiology"  and  weekly 
lab  sections  as  a  graduate  student/  teaching 
assistant.  He  has  been  a  guest  lecturer  in 
the  department's  animal  physiology,  animal 
diversity,  and  biomechanics  classes.  Even 
then,  his  colleagues  and  lab  students  ap- 
preciated him:  In  1989,  he  won  the  depart- 
ment's Excellence  in  Teaching  Award. 

"As  a  senior  in  my  last  semester  here... I 
have  been  both  delighted  and  plagued 
with  a  wide  variety  of  professors  and 
instructors,"  wrote  one  student  in  a  nomi- 
nation. "One  class  will  always  be  remem- 
bered as  my  favorite.  Not  a  seminar  on 
South  Africa,  taught  by  a  journalist  who 
had  been  banned  from  the  country  because 
of  his  sympathetic  support  of  anti- 
apartheid.  Not  my  Chinese  language  class- 
es, which  taught  me  to  speak  the  language 
of  my  ancestors.  Not  even  an  oceanogra- 
phy class,  which  took  me  to  Beaufort,  with 
opportunities  to  hike  all  over  Shackleford 
Island,  viewing  the  stormy,  fall  Atlantic 
Ocean  from  uninhabited  and  shell  covered 
beaches.  The  class  I  feel  will  be  my 
favorite  at  Duke  University  will  be... Ani- 
mal Physiology'  with  Dr.  Crenshaw." 

From  their  nominating  letters,  Cren- 
shaw's students  were  impressed  by  his 
open-door  policy  with  office  hours,  his 
technique  of  outlining  lectures  on  the 
board  in  advance,  and  placing  his  lecture 
notes  on  reserve  in  the  library,  "...giving 
us  the  freedom  to  just  sit  and  listen,  think, 
ask  questions,  and  learn  without  having  to 
worry  about  getting  it  all  down  on  paper  at 
the  same  time." 

Crenshaw  earned  his  bachelor's  degree 
at  Davidson  College  in  1980,  where  he  was 
elected  to  Phi  Beta  Kappa.  He  spent  1981- 
82  in  Australia,  the  Philippines,  and 
Guam  on  a  fellowship  studying  the  ecology 
of  the  plankton  of  coral  reefs,  and  returned 
to  Australia  in  1983-84  as  a  visiting  re- 
searcher at  its  marine  science  institute. 
After  earning  his  doctorate,  he  was  an 
instructor  with  the  Carolinas-Ohio  Sci- 
ence Education  Network,  a  consortium  of 
higher-education  institutes  committed  to 
encouraging  and  supporting  black  and 
women  students  in  science. 

The  Alumni  Distinguished  Undergradu- 
ate Teaching  Award,  presented  in  Decem- 
ber during  Founders  Day  ceremonies,  in- 
cludes a  $5,000  stipend  and  $1,000  for  a 
Duke  library  to  purchase  books  recom- 
mended by  the  recipient.  Crenshaw  has 
chosen  Perkins'  biosciences  library. 


Ni 


mber-D  ecember    1992 


'S3 


Q)uke 

TRAVEL 

Continuing  the 
educational 
experience  through 
more  enriching 
adventures 


"Travel  is  fatal  to  prejudice,  bigotry,  and 
narrow-mindedness,  and  many  of  our  people 
need  it  sorely...  broad,  wholesome,  charitable 
views... can  not  be  acquired  by  vegetating  in 
one's  little  corner  of  earth.  " 

—  Mark  Twain,  Innocents  Abroad  (1869) 


Mexican  Riviera  Cruise 

January  20-28 

Cruise  to  Mexico's  Pacific  playgrounds  in  world- 
class  style  aboard  the  spectacular  Crown  Odyssey. 
Our  special  eight-night  cruise  sails  round-trip 
from  Los  Angeles  to  Cabo  San  Lucas,  Puerto 
Vallarta,  and  Mazadan.  See  scenic  resorts,  quaint 
harbor  towns,  exquisite  vacation  homes,  and 
beautiful  cathedrals.  With  our  special  discount, 
prices  begin  at  $1,181.00  per  person,  double 
occupancy,  including  free  air  from  most  cities. 

Antarctica 

January  30-February  13 
Antarctica's  waterways  are  open  to  navigation 
for  just  a  few  short  months  each  year.  During 
the  austral  summer,  discover  rocky  headlands 
crowded  with  nesting  Adlie,  Gentoo  and  pen- 
guins, and  other  exotic  fowls.  Along  the  ice- 
strewn  beaches,  elephant  and  fur  seals  gather 
while  minks,  orca,  and  hump-back  whales 
course  through  the  icy  waters,  past  pale  blue 
glaciers  and  towering  icebergs.  Illiria's  fleet  of 
Zodiac  landing  craft  allow  us  to  cruise  among 
ice  floes,  view  playful  seals  and  land  almost  any- 
where. With  a  passenger  complement  of  only 
130  and  a  large  staff  of  resident  scientists,  we 
participate  in  surveys  of  nesting  penguins  and 
collect  photographs  to  assist  in  the  identification 
of  individual  whales.  Fares  begin  at  $5,395  per 
person,  based  on  double  occupancy. 


Costa  Rica  and  the  Panama  Canal 

February  11-19 

No  wonder  this  little  country  has  become  one  of 
the  most  cherished  realms  of  naturalists.  At 
Manuel  Antonio  National  Park,  explore  forests 
of  hibiscus,  balsa,  and  almond  trees,  watching 
for  sloths  and  golden-furred  squirrel  monkeys. 
Our  Zodiacs  will  take  us  up  the  Rio  Agujitas. 
And  at  Poas  National  Park,  we  will  scale  the 
slopes  of  one  of  the  few  accessible  active  volcanoes 
in  the  Americas.  Sail  the  Aurora  II  through  the 
Panama  Canal  with  experts  providing  insights  into 
the  history,  engineering,  and  economics  of  the 
canal  as  we  pass  through  the  locks.  Fares  begin  at 
$2,745  per  person,  based  on  double  occupancy. 

Caribbean  Cruise 

February  13-20 

There  are  no  schedules  here,  no  routines,  just 
uncommon  luxury,  untrammeled  harbors,  and 
time.  The  Windstar  explores  the  world  of  the  pri- 
vate yachtsman,  where  life  is  unspoiled  and  liv- 
ing easy.  A  wide  range  of  activities  entice  you  to 
head  for  the  beach,  snorkel  with  blue  angels,  or 
water  ski.  Or  you  may  prefer  to  play  golf  or  ten- 
nis at  a  private  resort.  Join  us  for  a  new  experi- 
ence in  Caribbean  travel  on  a  masted  ship. 
$2,695  per  person,  based  on  double  occupancy. 

South  Africa 

March  1-14 

This  new  itinerary  begins  with  three  nights  in 
the  Golden  City,  Johannesburg.  While  there, 
join  an  optional  full-day  Pretoria  tour  or  an 
exciting  three-day/  two-night  safari  to  Sabi  Sabi, 
a  private  game  reserve  featuring  game  drives, 
Shangaan  tribal  dancers,  and  a  Bush  Braai  (bar- 
becue in  the  bush).  Continue  on  to  the  east- 
coast  city  of  Durban  for  three  nights.  This  year- 
round  sun-soaked  resort  has  some  of  the  best 
scenery  South  Africa  has  to  offer.  The  next  four 
nights  will  be  spent  in  Cape  Town,  where 
alumni  will  be  guests  at  a"Meet  the  South 
Africans"  home-hosted  cocktail  and  dinner 
party.  An  over-night  ride  aboard  the  spectacular 
Blue  Train  returns  to  Johannesburg  for  the  trip 
home.  $4,998  per  person,  double  occupancy. 

Key  West,  Florida  Gulf  Coast, 
&  the  Mississippi  Delta 

March  27-April  10 

Our  14-day  adventure  aboard  the  1 38-passenger 
Yorktown  Clipper  follows  a  leisurely  course 
from  New  Orleans  around  the  southern  tip  of 
Florida  to  Fort  Lauderdale.  You'll  experience 
the  animated  pace  of  cities  like  New  Orleans, 
Tampa,  and  Miami.  Stop  at  Biloxi,  the  oldest 
town  in  the  Mississippi  Valley,  explore  Fort 
Jefferson  on  Dry  Tortugas,  the  largest  American 
seacoast  fort  ever  built.  In  Key  West,  visit  the 
haunts  of  Ernest  Hemingway  and  Tennessee 
Williams.  Enjoy  the  lovely  Antebellum  milieu 
of  Mobile  and  remote  Sanibel  and  Captiva 
islands.  Prices  start  at  $3,250  per  person, 
double  occupancy,  with  special  Duke  discount 
plus  Clipper  air  program. 


April  in  Paris 

April  7-14 

Paris  in  April  offers  you  a  cultural  feast.  Our 
senior  French  guide  will  acquaint  you  with  the 
city  Parisians  love  and  tourist  rarely  discover. 
We  include  a  city  orientation  tour,  a  full-day 
excursion  to  the  grandest  chateaux  in  all  of 
France,  Vaux  le  Vicomte  and  Fontainebleau, 
and  walking  tours  to  the  Musee  d'Orsay,  Palais 
Royal,  the  Marais  District,  and  the  impressive 
Place  des  Voges,  the  Carnavalet,  and  Picasso 
museums.   Depart  and  return  via  American 
Airlines  from  Raleigh-Durham.  $2,200  per 
person,  double  occupancy. 

English  Countryside 

May  13-22 

The  pastoral  English  countryside,  fascinating 
castles,  and  delights  of  London  are  yours  to 
explore  on  this  unique  ten-day  tour.  Spend 
eights  nights  at  Windsor's  Castle  Hotel,  with 
time  on  your  own  to  visit  Windsor  Castle  and 
Eton  College.  Enjoy  a  cruise  down  the  Thames 
or  take  in  a  play  at  the  Royal  Theatre.  Tour 
price  includes  excursions  to  London,  Blenheim 
Palace,  the  Cotswolds,  Stratford,  and  Warwick 
Castle,  plus  a  walking  tour  of  Windsor.  Approx- 
imately $2,540  per  person,  double  occupancy 
from  New  York. 

Swiss  Countryside 

May  21-30 

All  the  magic  of  the  Alpine  world  is  open  to  you 
with  its  huge  and  majestic  peaks,  crystal-clear 
mountain  lakes,  and  extensive  forests.  Setde  in 
to  the  Hotel  Royal  St.  Georges  in  the  heart  of 
Interlaken  for  eight  nights.  Explore  Switzerland's 
most  famous  medieval  city  of  Lucerne,  Ballenberg 
for  an  intriguing  taste  of  Swiss  heritage,  and  the 
mighty  Jungfrau  via  the  cog  wheel  train  into  the 
glacier  world  of  Switzerland's  high  Alps.  Travel 
by  lake  steamer  to  the  woodcarving  village  of 
Brienz.  Spend  free  time  discovering  the  wonder- 
ful typically  Swiss  towns  of  Grindelwald,  Vengen, 
Murren,  and  many  others  just  a  short  train  ride 
from  Interlaken.  Approximately  $2,644  per  per- 
son, double  occupancy  from  New  York. 

Danube  River/Eastern  Europe 

May  29-June  12 

Begin  with  one  night  in  Vienna,  Austria.  Then 
cruise  five  fascinating  countries,  visiting 
Bratislava,  Czechoslovakia;  Budapest,  Hungary; 
the  Balkan  countryside;  Nikopol/  Pleven, 
Bulgaria;  Giurgiu  /  Bucharest,  Romania;  with  a 
short  transfer  in  Izmail,  Moldavia,  for  a  cruise 
on  the  Black  Sea  to  Istanbul,  Turkey,  for  two 
nights.  A  one-night  return  stay  in  Vienna  is 
included  at  the  end  of  the  trip  before  returning 
home.  A  cultural  enrichment  lecturer  from  Duke 
University  will  provide  a  wealth  of  historical  and 
current  information  on  areas  being  visited.  From 
$3,899  per  person,  double  occupancy. 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


North  Cape  Cruise 

July  8-23 

Sail  the  majestic  Norwegian  fjords  and  North 
Cape  aboard  the  exquisite  Crystal  Harmony.  On 
this  grand  cruise,  the  Duke  Alumni  Association 
and  the  Duke  Diet  &L  Fitness  Center  offer  a 
unique,  educational  perspective.  Cruising  with 
Duke  Diet  &  Fitness  means  enhancing  your 
health  and  well-being  while  escaping  to  spectacu- 
lar landscapes  and  rich  history.  Luxurious  living 
can  be  healthy  living.  From  $5,505,  including 
free  air  from  Eastern  points  of  the  U.S.,  and 
reduced  air  from  the  Central  and  Western 
regions. 

Great  Rivers  of  Europe 

July  15-28 

Our  own  Duke  faculty  host  will  provide  an 
exciting  narrative  about  this  area.  Travel  into 
Vienna,  Austria,  and  board  the  M.S. 
Switzerland,  one  of  the  newest  European  ships 
afloat.  On  the  Danube  River,  visit  Krems,  Melk, 
and  Linz,  Austria,  plus  Passau,  Deggendorf,  and 
Regensburg,  Germany.  A  special  highlight  is  a 
daytime  transit  of  the  brand-new  Danube  Canal, 
an  engineering  marvel  and  the  means  by  which 
we  can  sail  a  continuous  itinerary  to  the  Main 
and  the  Rhine  Rivers.  Some  of  the  many  cities 
we'll  visit  in  Germany  along  the  way  are 
Rothenburg,  Miltenberg,  Heidelberg, 
Rudesheim,  Koblenz,  Bonn,  and  Cologne. 
Included  along  the  way  are  planned  parties,  a 
castle  dinner  party,  and  the  convenience  of 
unpacking  just  once  during  the  entire  trip.  From 
$3,899  per  person,  double  occupancy. 

Scandinavia 

August  15-27 

Our  alumni  will  be  learning  the  history  of  the 
Vikings,  while  enjoying  a  land  filled  with  majes- 
tic color  and  beauty.  You'll  visit  the  historical 
areas  of  Denmark's  capital  city,  Copenhagen. 
Then  an  overnight  cruise  transports  you  through 
a  60-mile-long  Olsofjord  to  Oslo,  Norway,  fol- 
lowed by  a  fabulous  fjord-country  excursion, 
then  a  train  and  ferry  to  Gudvangen,  a  dramatic 
mountain  setting.  On  to  Bergen  and,  as  a  finale, 
Stockholm,  Sweden.  Savor  the  real  Scandinavia 
brought  to  life  by  knowledgeable  local  guides. 
Visit  Tivoli  Gardens,  enjoy  a  memorable  home- 
hosted  Swedish  luncheon,  and  explore  major 
cities.  An  optional  trip  to  St.  Petersburg  on  a 
special  three-night  extension  at  the  Astoria 
Hotel  rounds  out  this  highly  educational  tour. 
$3,598  per  person,  double  occupancy. 


+ 


Passage  to  Suez 

September  28-October  12 
Turkey-Greek  Islands-Israel-Egypt.  A  chance  to 
grasp  the  world's  classic  civilizations  brought 
together  in  one  itinerary.  Our  certified  guides  will 
provide  an  informative  perspective  of  each  area 
visited.  After  three  nights  in  Istanbul  at  the  new 
Conrad  Istanbul,  the  all-suite  Renaissance  becomes 
your  exclusively  chartered  home  for  the  next  seven 
nights.  Ports  of  call  include:  Kusadase  (Ephesus), 
Turkey;  Kos  and  Rhodes,  Greece;  Haifa  and 
Ashdod  (Jerusalem  and  Bethlehem),  Israel;  and 
Port  Said,  Egypt.  Then  on  to  three  nights  at  the 
Semiramis  Inter-Continental  overlooking  the 
Nile  River  and  Cairo.  Unique  features  include 
time  to  explore  Istanbul  and  Cairo,  the  option 
of  extending  an  additional  four  days  in  Luxor, 
and  two  days  at  sea  cruising  the  Aegean  Sea  and 
Eastern  Mediterranean.  From  $4,498  per  per- 
son, double  occupancy. 

China 

September  30-October  18 
China,  land  of  treasure  and  tradition,  where 
time  stands  still.  Visit  Beijing,  Shanghai,  and 
Hong  Kong.  See  the  Great  Wall,  the  Forbidden 
City,  and  the  Temple  of  Heaven.  Cruise  the 
Yangtze  River  and  its  magnificent  Three  Gorges 
aboard  the  new  M.  V.  Yangtze  Paradise.  Stop  in 
Xi'an  and  pay  tribute  to  the  world-renowned 
Terra  Cotta  Warriors.  Marvel  at  the  50,000 
ancient  Buddhist  stone  statues  recently  exca- 
vated in  remote  Dazu.  Conclude  your  journey 
in  dazzling  Hong  Kong,  the  world's  most 
famous  shopping  mecca.  From  approximately 
$4,995  per  person,  double  occupancy. 

The  Seas  of  Ulysses  and  Black  Sea 

October  10-23 

Cruise  aboard  the  spectacular  Crown  Odyssey 
to  the  Eastern  Mediterranean  and  the  Black  Sea. 
This  twelve-night  voyage  allows  you  to  marvel  at 
the  antiquities  of  Athens,  Venice,  Ephesus,  and 
Istanbul,  and  then  sail  on  beyond  to  the  Tsarist 
grandeurs  of  Odessa  and  Yalta — and  in  1993, 
Constanta  (Romania).  The  charming  Greek  isles 
of  Patras,  Santorini,  and  Mykonos  complete  your 
cruise.  With  our  special  discount,  prices  start  at 
just  $3,044  per  person,  double  occupancy, 
including  free  air  from  most  cities. 

Passage  through  Egypt 

November  6-21  and  November  12-27 
Come  with  us  "behind  the  scenes"  on  an  extraor- 
dinary journey  to  Egypt.  Travel  down  the  Nile 
aboard  the  M.S.  Hapi,  an  elegant,  private  yacht, 
with  only  1 5  spacious  and  superbly  decorated 
cabins.  You  will  travel  in  small  groups  accom- 
panied by  highly  knowledgeable  guides  who 
make  you  feel  welcome  in  their  native  country. 
Spend  a  full  day  and  night  at  the  colossal  temples 
of  Abu  Simbel,  meet  with  experts  who  tell  us 
about  their  work,  experience  Egyptian  cultures, 
and  visit  the  home  of  an  Egyptian  family  for  tea. 
Prices  range  from  $4,500-$5,000  per  person, 
double  occupancy.  Airfare  is  extra. 


Kenya 

November  9-21 

Safari  is  Swahili  for  journey.  Our  Grand  Kenya 
Safari  will  be  a  memorable  educational  and  cul- 
tural journey  with  the  addition  of  a  wildlife  expert 
to  accompany  us.  Vast  areas  of  Kenya  have  been 
set  aside  as  national  parks,  game  reserves,  and 
sanctuaries,  where  infinite  varieties  of  African 
fauna  and  flora  can  be  seen,  studied,  and  pho- 
tographed. Enjoy  luxurious  game  lodges  set  in 
forest  and  mountain  parklands,  and  dramatic 
vantage  points  in  open  savannah  country,  all 
home  to  a  countless  variety  of  game.  Nine 
nights  in  Kenya,  including  Nairobi  (Nairobi 
Safari  Club),  Amboseli  (Amboseli  Serena  Lodge), 
Aberdare  (Mountain  Lodge),  Nanyuki  (Mount 
Kenya  Safari  Club),  and  the  Masai  Mara  (Mara 
Sopa  Lodge).  A  farewell  dinner  is  hosted  by 
prominent  Nairobi  citizens  in  their  home  high 
atop  Lavington  Hill.  $6,295  per  person,  double 
occupancy  from  New  York. 


For  More  Information: 

Indicate  the  trips  of  interest  to  you  for  detailed 
brochures 

□  Mexico 

□  Antartica 

D  Costa  Rica/Panama  Canal 

D  Caribbean 

□  South  Africa 

□  Key  West/Gulf  Coast/Mississippi  Delta 

□  Paris 
D  England 

□  Switzerland 

D  Danube  River/Eastern  Europe 

□  North  Cape 

□  Great  Rivers  of  Europe 

□  Scandinavia 

□  Passage  to  Suez 

□  China 

D  Seas  of  Ulysses  /Black  Sea 

□  Egypt 

□  Kenya 

fill  out  the  coupon  and  return  to: 

Barbara  DeLapp  Booth  '54, 

Duke  Travel,  614  Chapel  Drive,  Durham,  NC 

27706  919  684-5114  or  800  FOR-DUKE 


u"Nan" 

First  Name 

Oa 

Street  Addreu 

Gly 

Su* 

Zip 

Phonr  (Day)  (Evening) 


November-December    1992 


CLASS 
NOTES 


WRITE:  Class  Notes  Editor,  Duke  Magazine, 
Box  90570,  Durham,  N.C.  27708-0570 


FAX:  (919)  684-6022  (typed  only,  please) 


CHANGE  OF  ADDRESS:  Alumni  Records, 
Box  90613,  Durham,  N.C.  27708-0613.  Please 
include  mailing  label  and  allow  six  weeks. 


NOTICE:  Because  of  the  volume  of 
class  note  material  we  receive  and  the 
long  lead  time  required  for  typesetting, 
design,  and  printing,  your  submission 
may  not  appear  for  three  to  four  issues. 
Alumni  are  urged  to  include  spouses' 
names  in  marriage  and  birth  announce- 
ments. We  do  not  record  engagements. 


30s,  40s  &  50s 


Dick  Keane  B.S.M.E.  '38  and  his  wife,  Bea, 
recently  celebrated  their  51st  wedding  anniversary. 

Armand  Singer  A.M.  '39,  Ph.D.  '44,  professor 
emeritus  of  Romance  studies  at  West  Virginia  Uni- 
versity, lectured  at  the  National  Science  Youth  Camp 
held  near  Bartow,  W.Va. 


Ray  Forsberg  '40  \ 


i  honored  as  Volunteer  of 


the  Year  at  a  banquet  hosted  by  the  Joliet  Junior  Col- 
lege Center  for  Adult  Basic  Education  and  Literacy  in 
Joliet,  111. 

Bart  Nelson  Stephens  '43  was  chosen  for  the 
board  of  directors  of  the  Lynchburg,  Va.,  Symphony 
Orchestra.  He  retired  from  the  U.S.  Foreign  Service 
in  1982  with  the  rank  of  counselor  after  34  years  of 
service  in  Europe  and  Asia.  He  and  his  wife,  Barrett, 
live  in  Lynchburg. 

Virginia  Zerfass  Deal  '44  moved  from  Hous- 
ton, where  she  had  worked  for  Shell  Development 
Co.,  to  San  Marcos,  Texas,  after  the  death  of  her 
husband. 


Ronald  E.  "Baron"  Mintz  '47  was  the  recipient 
of  Ordre  Pour  Le  Merite's  (Aerospace  Honor  Society) 
gold  medal  for  1991. 

Charles  E.  Villanueva  '48,  LL.B.  '51,  state 

Superior  Court  jurist  in  Newark,  N.J.,  since  1979  and 
vice  chairman  of  the  Supreme  Court  Committee  on 
Modern  Civil  Jury  Charges,  was  appointed  state 
appeals  court  judge  in  New  Jersey. 

David  K.  Scarborough  '50,  vice  president 

emeritus  for  student  affairs  at  Washington  and  Jeffer- 
son College  in  Washington,  Pa.,  was  awarded  an  hon- 
orary degree  from  the  college,  where  he  has  worked 
for  36  years. 

Gustave  Diamond  '51  has  been  named  chief 
judge  of  the  U.S.  Western  District  Court  of  Pennsyl- 
vania. He  and  his  wife,  Emma,  live  in  McMurray,  Pa. 


Royal  Blue 

A  Video  History  of  Duke  Basketball 


From  the  first  game  in  1906  through  the  back 
to-back  national  titles  of  1991  and  1992,  the 
rich  tradition  and  glorious  triumphs  of  Duke 
basketball  are  captured  in  this  exciting, 
new   video.  ♦  fans  will  relive  the  magic 
moments  of  Duke  basketball  through 
action-packed 


highlights  along  with 

exclusive  interviews 

with  the  players  and 

coaches  who  made  Duke  basketball  the  national 

collegiate  powerhouse  it  is  today. 

Call  1  800  VIA  DUKE  to  order. 

Or  send  $24.45  ($19.95  +  $4.50  shipping  and  handling)  to: 
Raycom  Video  Enterprises,  P.O.  Box  33367,  Charlotte,  NC  28233. 
NC  residents  add  6%  sales  tax. 
ALLOW  4-6  WEEKS  FOR  DELIVERY 


Elizabeth  Brooks  Reid  '53,  a  Duke  trustee, 
represented  Duke  in  September  at  the  inauguration  of 
the  president  of  The  Graduate  School  and  University 
Center-CUNY  in  New  York,  N.Y. 

John  H.  Rosenberg  '53,  director  of  Appa- 
lachian Research  and  Defense  Fund  of  Kentucky, 
Inc.,  was  appointed  to  Morehead  State  University's 
board  of  regents. 

E.  William  Rogers  B.D.  '55,  a  retired  United 
Methodist  minister,  is  volunteer  director  of  the  Lay 
Academy  of  Theological  Studies  in  Columbia,  S.C. 
He  lives  in  Columbia. 

Carol  C.  Hogue  B.S.N.  '56,  M.S.N.  '60,  associate 
professor  at  UNC-Chapel  Hill  since  1986  and  co- 
chair  of  the  nursing  school's  Program  on  Aging  and 
Care  of  the  Elderly,  was  appointed  to  a  three-year 
term  as  associate  dean  for  graduate  studies  at  UNC's 
School  of  Nursing.  She  has  been  a  senior  fellow  at 
Duke's  Center  for  the  Study  of  Aging  and  Human 
Development  since  1973. 

E.  Blake  Byrne  '57  represented  Duke  in  October 
at  the  inauguration  of  the  president  of  the  University 
of  California,  Los  Angeles. 

R.  Eugene  Goodson  '57,  B.S.M.E.  '59,  chair- 
man and  chief  executive  officer  of  Oshkosh  Truck 
Corp.  and  a  member  of  the  Wisconsin  Governor's 
Council  on  Science  and  Technology,  was  named  a 
Fellow  of  the  American  Society  of  Mechanical  Engi- 
neers. He  and  his  wife, 
A.M.  '62,  live  in  Oshkosh. 


D.  Hook  A.M.  '58  is  the  author  of  Gun 
Control:  The  Continuing  Debate,  published  in  Septem- 
ber 1992  by  Merril  Press.  He  has  also  written  DeatA  in 
the  Balance:  The  Debate  Over  Capital  Punishment, 
1989,  and  The  Plight  of  the  Church  Traditionalist:  A 
LditAjjologj,  1991. 

Linton  F.  Brooks  '59  was  sworn  in  as  assistant 
director  for  the  Bureau  of  Strategic  and  Nuclear 
Affairs  in  August,  having  been  nominated  by  Presi- 
dent Bush.  He  has  been  head  of  the  U.S.  delegation 
to  the  Nuclear  and  Space  Talks  and  chief  negotiator 
for  the  Strategic  Arms  Reduction  Talks  (START) 
since  1991,  responsible  for  the  final  preparation  of  the 
START  treaty  signed  by  President  Bush  and  former 
U.S.S.R.  leader  Gorbachev.  He  and  his  wife,  Barbara, 
live  in  Vienna,  Va. 

Richard  J.  Wood  '59,  president  of  Earlham  Col- 
lege, was  awarded  an  honorary  Doctor  of  Laws  in  May 
by  Indiana  University  East  during  commencement. 


MARRIAGES:  Emily  V.  Cotter  '42 

Allen '42  on  May  11. 


Clyde 


60s 


Walter  E.  Boomer  '60,  a  Marine  lieutenant  gen- 
eral and  commanding  general  of  the  Marine  Corps 
combat  development  command,  was  promoted  to 
general  and  reassigned  as  assistant  commandant  of  the 
Marine  Corps.  During  Operation  Desert  Shield  and 
Storm,  he  commanded  all  Marines  in  rhe  Middle 
East. 


Addison  C.  Bross  A.M.  '60,  associate  professor 
of  English  at  Lehigh  University,  was  honored  by  Lehigh 
for  25  years  of  dedicated  service  to  the  university.  He 
and  his  wife,  Man'  Louise,  live  in  Bethlehem,  Pa. 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


Merrill  M.  Skaggs  A.M.  '60,  Ph.D.  '66  repre- 
sented Duke  in  October  at  the  inauguration  of  the 
president  of  Hartwick  College  in  Oneonta,  N.Y. 

Katherine  Wood  Gauld  61  represented  Duke 
in  October  at  the  inauguration  of  the  president  of 
CUNY- York  College  in  Jamaica,  N.Y. 

Jan  "Bebe"  Burton  Kane  B.S.E.E.  '61  opted 
for  early  retirement  from  IBM  after  30  years  with  its 
federal  systems  division  in  New  York  and  Virginia. 
She  writes  that  she  and  her  husband,  Dan,  are  enjoy- 
ing golf,  tennis,  and  travel. 


Linda  P.  Bemiller  '62  represented  Duke  in  Sep- 
tember at  the  inauguration  of  the  president  of  Pacific 
Lutheran  University  in  Tacoma,  Wash. 


Letzler  Cole  '62,  a  professor  of  English 
and  director  of  the  drama  concentration  at  Albertus 
Macnus  College,  is  the  author  of  Directors  in 
Rehearsal,  published  by  Routledge  Press.  She  lives  in 
New  Haven,  Conn. 

Jessica  R.  Linden  '62  retired  from  IBM  after  30 
years  and  was  elected  to  chair  the  board  of  Horizon 
Theatre  Co.,  which  presented  Full  Moon,  a  play  by 
Duke  professor  Reynolds  Price  '55,  last  January. 

Emily  Tucker  Powell  '62  represented  Duke  in 
September  at  the  inauguration  of  the  president  of 
Wayne  Community  College  in  Goldsboro,  N.C. 

John  Richard  "Jack"  Eisenman  '63  has 

taken  a  year's  leave  from  Easter  and  Eisenman,  his 
Greensboro,  N.C,  commercial  development  company, 
to  cruise  the  Intracoastal  Waterway  with  his  wife, 
Molly,  aboard  their  49-foot  boat  Crackerjack.  They 
have  three  daughters,  including  Kelly  Eisenman 
'89  and  Kristy  Eisenman  '89,  and  live  in  High 
Point,  N.C. 

Sara  C.  Kinsey  '63  earned  her  law  degree  from 
New  York  Law  School,  where  she  was  a  member  of 
the  Law  Review. 

John  O.  Meier  B.S.E.E.'63,  corporate  secretary  of 
Southern  Nuclear  Operating  Co.,  was  named  to  the 
additional  position  of  vice  president.  He  is  also 
enrolled  at  the  Birmingham  School  of  Law. 

Edwin  B.  Cooper  Jr.  '64,  M.D.  '66,  an  ortho- 
paedic surgeon,  was  selected  by  the  N.C.  Foundation  for 
Mental  Research  to  receive  its  1992  Eugene  A.  Har- 
grove Mental  Health  Research  Award.  He  and  his  wife, 
Mary  Wooten  Cooper  '64,  live  in  Kinston,  N.C. 

Grant  T.  Hollett  Jr.  B.S.M.E.  '64  was  named 

commander,  Naval  Reserve  Readiness  Command 
Region  Thirteen,  in  July  during  a  change  of  command 
ceremony  at  Ross  Field,  Naval  Training  Center, 
Great  Lakes,  III. 

Allen  J.  Koppenhaver  Ph.D.  '64,  a  professor  at 
Wittenberg  University,  was  named  an  honorary  alum- 
nus of  the  school.  A  past  recipient  of  Wittenberg's 
Distinguished  Teaching  Award,  he  is  an  authority  on 
writer  T.S.  Eliot  and  composer  Charles  Ives. 

Mary  Andriola  M.D.  '65,  associate  professor  of 
pediatric  neurology  at  SUNY-Stony  Brook,  traveled 
to  Moscow  in  August  as  a  participant  in  the  first 
Stony  Brook/Russia  Physician  Exchange  Program. 

Regina  G.  Norcross  von  Schriltz  '65 

received  her  paralegal  certificate  from  Widener  Uni- 
versity Legal  Education  Institute  in  May.  She  is  a 
guide  at  Winterthur  Museum.  She  and  her  husband, 
Don  M.  von  Schriltz  Ph.D.  '67,  and  their  two 
sons  live  in  Wilmington,  Del. 

John  W.  Grove  B.D.  '66  reported  for  duty  with 
the  Commander  Naval  Reserve  Force,  New  Orleans. 


Tumer  Lyons  '66  represented  Duke 
in  October  at  the  inauguration  of  the  president  of 
Muhlenberg  College  in  Allentown,  Pa. 


Doris  A.  Stoessel  '67  represented  Duke  in 
October  at  the  inauguration  of  the  president  of  Holy 
Names  College  in  Oakland,  Calif. 

Don  M.  von  Schriltz  Ph.D.  '67  was  named  tech- 
nology director  for  Engineering  Polymers,  a  global 
DuPont  business.  He  and  his  wife,  Regina  Nor- 
cross  von  Schriltz  '65,  and  their  two  sons  live 
in  Wilmington,  Del. 


Betty  Cockrill  Cole  '68,  an  associate  in  the 
estates  and  trusts  section  of  the  tax  department  of 
Miles  and  Stockbridge  law  firm  in  Baltimore,  was 
elected  to  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  Severn  School 
in  Severna  Park,  Md. 


Margot  A.  Duley 


i  appointed  head  of  East- 


ern Michigan  University's  history  and  philosophy 
department. 

Joanne  Roth  Werner  B.S.N. '68  earned  her  J.D. 
degree  at  the  University  of  Puget  Sound  School  of  Law. 

J.  Lawrence  Brasher  '69,  Ph.D.  '86  is  director 

of  the  Warren  W.  Hobbie  Center  for  Values  and 
Ethics  and  assistant  professor  of  religion  and  philoso- 
phy at  Catawba  College  in  Salisbury,  N.C.  He  is 
author  of  "Between  the  Living  arui  the  Dead" :  John 
Lakin  Brasher  and  the  Sanctified  South,  published  by  the 
University  of  Illinois  Press.  He  and  his  wife,  Louise 
Tharaud,  and  their  son  live  in  Salisbury,  N.C. 

BIRTHS:  A  son  to  Stanley  Burns  '66  and  Christa 
Burns  on  May  14-  Named  Calloway  Thomas... First 


a  Time  of 

Reflection 

for  Active  Women 


You're  interested  in  spending  time  with  faculty  and  students,  and 
you're  intrigued  by  some  new  scholarship  on  women  You'd 
like  to  know  more— deepen  your  understanding  of  our 
society  andyourpositionasawomaninit.Youwonderwhere 
to  find  resources  and  colleagues  for  this  adventure. 

The  Women's  Studies  Institute,  a  new  academic  retreat 
planned  for  1993,  will  gather  alumnae,  parents,  friends, 
and  professional  school  women  for  classes  with  Duke 
faculty,  small  group  projects,  long  talks  and  walks  — 
heartening  fare  for  body,  mind,  and  spirit.  Could  this  be 
what  you're  looking  for? 


.WOMEN'S 

STUDIES 

AT    DUKE    UNIVERSITY 

May  5 -9, 1993 

Housing  at  the  Washington  Duke  Inn 
Classes  and  cultural  events  on  campus 

The  Women '  s  Studies  Institute  is  cosponsored  by 
The  Graduate  School  and  Duke  University  Alumni  Affairs. 


For  information,  contact: 

Nancy  Roscbaugh,  Women's  Studies  Institute  Coordinator, 

207  East  Duke  Building,  Durham  NC  27708 

919-684-5683 


■December    J  992 


CLEVER  COLLECTOR 


If  you've  never  ex- 
perienced the  thrill 
of  uncovering  a 
dusty  treasure  at  a  flea 
market,  or  relied  on 
word-of-mouth  leads  to 
track  down  a  rare  heir- 
loom, you  may  not 
fully  appreciate  Donald 
Heim's  spare-time  pur- 
suit. But  a  look  around 
his  house  would 
change  your  mind. 

HeimB.S.M.E.'57is 
a  collector,  and  the 
Pennsylvania  home  he 
shares  with  his  wife, 
Betty  Jo,  has  evolved 
through  the  years  into 
something  of  a 
museum. 

"Our  children  are 
grown,  so  we've  con- 
verted their  bedrooms 
into  spaces  for  our  col- 
lections," he  explains. 
A  mechanical  engi- 
neering major  at  Duke, 
Heim  first  focused  on 


engines,  the  kinds  for 
generating  power  for 


homes  rather  than  in 
automobiles.  From 
there,  his  avocation 
evolved  in  a  logical 
sequence. 

"The  engines  are 
huge,  they're  mon- 
strosities. We  live  on  a 
farm,  and  1  keep  them 
in  the  barn.  We  have 
hundreds  of  them." 
From  a  collector's 
standpoint,  he  says, 
"it's  important  that 
these  old  engines  still 
run.  So  then  I  became 
interested  in  the  tools 
they  used  to  work  on 
the  engines." 

By  Heim's  own 
admission,  collecting 
"dirty,  greasy  gas 
engines"  wasn't  the 
most  fascinating  thing 
for  his  wife,  and  he 
wanted  to  include  her 
when  traveling  to 
meets  and  shows.  So 
by  1980,  the  couple 
began  to  acquire  vin- 
tage American  antique 
toys  and,  in  time,  grad- 


ually honed  their 
hobby  to  specialize  in 
cast-iron  mechanical 
banks. 

"One  of  my  favorite 
mechanical  banks  is  a 
mason  laying  bricks," 
says  Heim.  "You  put 
the  coin  in  his  mortar 
cart  and  he  carries  it  to 
where  the  bricklayer  is 
putting  bricks  down. 
The  coin  acts  as  the 
mortar."  Heim  says 
that  the  longer  one 
concentrates  on  a  par- 
ticular category  of  col- 
lectible, the  more  diffi- 
cult it  becomes.  "As 
you  upgrade  to  toys 
that  are  rare  or  in  bet- 
ter condition,  you 
become  more  fussy." 

Occasionally,  he  runs 
across  dealers  who 
don't  know  they  have 
a  prize  piece.  "Once,  I 
bought  a  gas  engine 
built  around  1900; 
there  were  only  one  or 
two  left  in  the  country. 
It  still  had  the  original 


owner's  manual.  It  was 
worth  about  $5,000- 
6,000  and  the  owner, 
an  old  farmer,  insisted 
that  he  had  to  have 
$300  for  it.  So  I  paid 
him  the  $300.  But  part 
of  the  deal  was  that  I 
had  to  buy  three  others 
he  had,  and  I  paid  fan- 
value  for  those.  As 
long  as  the  seller's 
happy,  fine.  What  is 
that  saying?  'One 
man's  trash  is  another 
man's  treasure.'  I 
know  I've  trashed 
some  things  other  peo- 
ple might  think  are 
treasures." 

Heim  says  his  real 
excitement  comes 
from  the  process, 
rather  than  the  big 
pay-offs,  of  collecting. 
"Oh,  I  can  search  for 
hours.  I  get  a  real  thrill 
out  of  it.  My  motto  is, 
'The  fun  is  in  the 
search.' " 


child  and  son  to  Richard  Coleman  Boyd  '69 
and  Cynthia  Ann  Salmons  '81  on  July  20. 

Named  Richard  Salmons. 


70s 


Mollie  Gilliam  Ledwith  70  is  director  of  mar- 
keting for  the  schoolbook  division  of  Prentice  Hall. 
Her  husband,  Ronald  W.  Ledwith  Jr.  70,  is  a 

financial  consultant  with  Merrill  Lynch  in  its  Para- 
mus,  N.J.,  office.  They  live  in  Ridgewood. 

Mary  J.  "Marty"  Margeson  MAT.  70,  one 
of  the  top  real  estate  agents  at  Fortune  Properties, 
owns  and  operates  Anchorage  Downtown  Bed  and 
Breakfast  and  is  a  commissioner  with  the  Sister  Cities 
Commission.  She  and  her  daughter  live  in  Anchor- 
age, Alaska. 

Beverly  Taylor  A.M.  70,  Ph.D.  77,  professor  of 
English  and  assistant  head  of  the  English  department 
at  UNC-Chapel  Hill,  is  co-editor  of  the  recently  pub- 
lished book  Gender  and  Discourse  in  Victorian  Litera- 
ture and  Art. 

Janet  B.  Arrowsmith-Lowe  71,  a  medical 

review  officer  at  the  U.S.  Food  and  Drug  Administra- 
tion's AIDS  drug  division  and  part-time  faculty  mem- 
ber at  Georgetown  University,  was  elected  to  fellow- 
ship in  the  American  College  of  Physicians,  the 
professional  organization  of  internists. 

Thurletta  M.  Brown  71,  funeral  director  and 
vice  president  of  Brown's  Funeral  Services,  Inc.,  and 
news  editor  for  the  Warren  Record,  was  elected  to 
serve  on  First  Citizens  Bank's  local  board  of  directors 
in  Warrenton,  N.C. 

John  R.  Ferguson  72  visited  Moscow  in  May  at 
the  invitation  of  the  Union  of  Evangelical  Christians- 


Baptists  to  discuss  how  American  Christians  can  assist 
their  counterparts  in  the  former  Soviet  Union.  The 
second  edition  of  his  book,  Criminal  Offenses  in  North 
Carolina,  was  published  in  August. 

Eric  Greenspan  72,  who  earned  his  law  degree 
from  American  University's  Washington  College  of 
Law,  is  an  entertainment  lawyer  with  the  Los  Angeles 
firm  Myman,  Abell,  Fineman  &  Greenspan.  He  rep- 
resents the  musical  groups  The  Red  Hot  Chili  Pep- 
pers, Ice-T,  and  Jane's  Addiction. 

William  D.  Needham  B.S.E  72,  a  Navy  captain, 
has  been  transferred  to  Washington,  D.C.,  to  serve  as 
a  division  head  in  the  Seawolf  Submarine  Program. 

Carolyn  Cook  Gotay  73  is  associate  researcher 
at  the  Cancer  Research  Center  of  Hawaii.  Her  hus- 
band, Mark  J.  Gotay  73,  is  a  mathematics  profes- 
sor at  the  University  of  Hawaii  at  Manoa.  The  couple 
and  their  two  children  live  in  Kailua,  Oahu. 

Nelson  Levy  Ph.D.  73  was  named  president  of 
the  Fujisawa  Pharmaceutical  Co.,  a  unit  of  Fujisawa, 
USA,  Inc.  He  lives  in  Lake  Forest,  111. 


Ellen  Wright  Clayton  74,  assistant  professor  of 
pediatrics  and  law  at  Vanderbilt  University,  received 
one  of  the  Charles  E.  Culpeper  Foundation  Scholar- 
ships in  Medical  Humanities,  an  award  that  will  aid  in 
funding  her  research  for  three  years. 


R.  Eller  Jr.  J.D.  74  joined  GLENFED, 
Inc.,  as  corporate  secretary,  and  was  named  corporate 
counsel  and  secretary  of  its  principal  subsidiary,  Glen- 
dale  Federal  Bank.  He  was  vice  president,  associate 
counsel,  and  assistant  secretary  at  Security  Pacific 
National  Bank.  He  lives  in  Los  Angeles. 

Charles  Brady  Jr.  M.D.  75,  a  Navy  comman- 
der, is  a  flight  surgeon  at  the  Naval  Air  Station  in 
Wbidbey  Island,  Wash. 

Peter  R.  Hauspurg  75  is  a  co-owner  with  his 
wife,  Daun,  of  Eastern  Consolidated  Properties,  Inc., 


the  largest  commercial  real  estate  sales  company  in 
New  York  City.  They  have  two  children  and  live  in 
Manhattan. 


M.  Price  75,  a  Navy  commander,  par- 
ticipated in  two  major  maritime  exercises,  RIMPAC 
and  Tandem  Thrust,  with  Commander  Third  Fleet, 
San  Diego. 

Jeffrey  Rubin  Ph.D.  75  was  promoted  to  full  pro- 
fessor and  director  of  undergraduate  studies  in  the 
economics  department  at  Rutgers  University.  In  1991, 
he  was  appointed  to  a  four-year  term  as  a  member  of 
the  National  Institute  of  Mental  Health's  services 
research  review  committee.  He  and  his  wife,  Barbara, 
and  their  two  children  live  in  Piscataway,  N.J. 


M.  Ryan  75  has  been  approved  for 
inclusion  on  the  Iowa  Arts  Council  Arts-to-Go  Tour- 
ing Roster  for  1993-94.  She  performs  original  solo 
piano  music  at  Midwestern  universities  and  composes 
incidental  music  for  area  theater  productions.  Her 
second  album  of  piano  solos,  A  Handfull  of  Quietness, 
was  released  in  November. 

Joseph  J.  Smallhoover  75  was  elected  presi- 
dent of  the  Young  Executive  Program  of  the  Ameri- 
can Chamber  of  Commerce  in  France. 

John  A.  Crew  M.F.  76,  who  works  for  the  U.S. 
Department  of  Agriculture's  Agricultural  Research 
Service,  was  awarded  a  gold  medal  by  the  Philadel- 
phia Federal  Executive  Board  for  his  outstanding 
work  as  area  administrative  officer. 


Hank  Jones  76  is  employed  in  the  legal  group  of 
Arthur  Andersen  &.  Co.,  primarily  handling  com- 
puter law  and  Andersen  Consulting  projects.  He  and 
his  wife,  Sally  Rice  Jones  77,  and  their  daugh- 
ter live  in  Chicago. 

Katharine  A.  O'Hanlan  76,  a  physician,  is 

associate  director  of  the  Gynecologic  Cancer  Service 
at  Stanford  University  Medical  Center  and  president- 
elect of  the  American  Association  of  Physicians  for 
Human  Rights,  a  national  health-advocacy  association 
of  26,000  gay  and  lesbian  physicians.  She  and  her  life 
partner,  Leonie  Walker,  live  in  Portola  Valley,  Calif. 


76,  a  professor  at  Texas  A&Jvl 
University,  participated  as  a  co-chief  scientist  on  a 
two-month  cruise  aboard  the  scientific  drilling  ship 
JOIDES  Resolution. 

Nancy  M.  Schlichting  76  was  named  president 
and  chief  operating  officer  of  Riverside  Methodist 
Hospitals  in  Columbus,  Ohio. 

Suzanne  Tongue  76  was  named  European 
regional  account  director  for  Saatchi  &  Saatchi 
Advertising  Worldwide  and  is  based  in  Rome. 

Stephen  Wise  Unger  M.D.  76  presented  sev- 
eral papers  in  June  at  the  Third  World  Congress  of 
Endoscopic  Surgery  in  Bordeaux,  France. 

Michael  A.  Ellis  J.D.  77  joined  the  Cleveland 
law  firm  Kahn,  Kleinman,  Yanowitz  &  Arnson  Co., 
L.P.A.,  where  he'll  concentrate  in  the  corporate  and 
securities  areas.  He  and  his  wife,  Diane,  and  their 
three  children  live  in  Beachwood,  Ohio. 

Charles  H.  Hill  77  is  vice  president,  finance,  for 
Rohm  and  Haas  Canada.  He  and  his  wife,  Iris,  and 
their  son  live  in  Toronto. 

Sally  Rice  Jones  77  is  involved  in  free-lance 
desktop  publishing  and  software  documentation  work. 
She  and  her  husband,  Hank  Jones  76,  and  their 
daughter  live  in  Chicago. 


Karen  Thomas  77,  who  completed  a  fellowship 
in  transcultural  psychiatry  at  Boston's  St.  Elizabeth's 
Hospital,  is  a  consultation-liasion  psychiatrist  at  San 
Francisco  General  Hospital  and  Laguna-Honda  Hos- 
pital. She  is  also  on  the  faculty  at  the  University  of 
California-San  Francisco's  medical  school. 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


R.  Bell  III  '78  has  been  named  manager  of 
the  multinational  division  ot  corporate  tanking  for 
National  City  Bank  and  will  co-chair  the  senior  loan 


Laura  Hotchkiss  Capaldini  78,  who  earned  a 
master  of  management  degree  from  Northwestern 
University's  J. L.  Kellogg  School  of  Management,  runs 
her  own  consulting  firm,  Northpoint  Consulting, 
speciali:ing  in  data  communications  marketing  and 
strategy  planning.  She  and  her  husband,  Mark,  and 
their  adopted  daughter  live  in  Reston,  Va. 

Georgette  Dent  78,  M.D.  '82,  assistant  professor 
in  the  department  of  pathology  and  associate  director 
of  the  hematology  laboratory  at  UNC-Chapel  Hill's 
medical  school,  was  named  as  a  1992-93  Jefferson- 
Pilot  Fellow  in  Academic  Medicine. 

Theresa  M.  Donahue  78  is  deputy  chief  of  staff 

and  environmental  issues  person  for  the  mayor  of 
Denver,  Colo. 

Kenneth  S.  Jones  78  is  a  tax  partner  with  a 
certified  public  accounting  firm  in  Winston-Salem, 
N.C.  He  and  his  wife,  Giszelle,  and  their  three  sons 
live  in  Clemmons,  N.C. 

Judith  Black  well  Konowitch  78  is  president 
of  Blackwell  Marketing  Group,  a  full-service  market- 
ing agency  in  Westchester,  N.Y. 

Kevin  H.  Baxter  79,  a  Navy  lieutenant  com- 
mander, returned  from  a  six-month  deployment 
aboard  the  destroyer  USS  John  Young  in  the  Persian 
Gulf,  where  he  participated  in  exercises  with  the 
French  and  Royal  navies. 

David  P.  Boyd  79,  a  graduate  of  Yale  Law 
School,  is  a  partner  in  the  Chicago  law  firm  Ross  and 
Hardies.  He  and  his  wife,  Dede,  and  their  two  daugh- 
ters live  in  Chicago. 


Katherine  Church  McKay  Sloan  79  is  a 

C.P.A.  with  her  own  practice  in  Vail,  Colo. 

Lance  Elliot  Youngquist  MBA.  79  is  presi- 
dent of  Lance  Youngquist  Construction,  Inc.,  which 
received  the  1992  Energy  Achievement  Award  from 
Carolina  Power  and  Light  Co.  for  "innovative  efforts 
in  residential  energy  efficient  construction." 


MARRIAGES:  Christopher  D.  Warren  75  to 

Jennifer  Lea  Baker  on  June  20.  Residence:  Phoenix, 
Ariz...  Katherine  A.  O'Hanlan  '76  toLeonie 
Walker  in  November  1990.  Residence:  Portola  Val- 
ley, Calif. 

BIRTHS:  Second  daughter  to  Charlene 
Matthews  Linder  70  and  Ben  T.  Linder  on  Feb. 
6.  Named  Mary  Margaret. . .  A  daughter  adopted  in 
March  by  Mary  J.  "Marty"  Margeson  MAT 

70  in  March.  Named  Anna  Louise. ..Twins,  second 
and  third  sons,  to  Robert  N.  Wells  Jr.  71  and 
Mary  L.  Wells  on  July  24.  Named  Benjamin  Wade 
and  Stephen  William. .  .Second  child  and  first  daugh- 
ter to  Wendy  Jay  Hilburn  73  and  William  S. 
Hilburn  on  May  7.  Named  Anne  Louise... Daughter 
to  Dana  L.  Dembrow  75  and  Suzette  Dembrow 
on  June  8.  Named  Crystal  Lee. .  .Second  daughter  and 
fifth  child  to  William  M.  McDonald  75,  M.D. 
'84  and  Jane  Cassedy  McDonald  78  on  July 
19.  Named  Julia  Frances. .  .First  child  and  daughter  to 
James  W.  Young  75  and  Margaret  Vernon 
Young  on  July  24-  Named  Elizabeth  Bennett... Sec- 
ond child  and  second  son  to  Paul  A.  Green  76 
and  Tane  Green  on  May  14.  Named  Tolman  Con- 
nor. .  .First  child  and  daughter  to  Hank  Jones  76 

and  Sally  Rice  Jones  77  on  July  25.  Named 

Madeleine  Lewis... Second  child  and  and  first  son  to 
Cathy  L.  Strachan  B.S.N.  76  and  Cyril  M.  Grum 
on  May  14.  Named  Mark  Stefan... First  child  and 
daughter  to  Sally  Rice  Jones  77  and  Hank 


76  on  July  25.  Named  Madeleine  Lewis.. 
Third  son  and  third  child  to  Kenneth  S. 
78  and  Giszelle  Jones  on  May  7.  Named  Chr 
Marlon... Daughter  and  second  child  t 
Blackwell  Konowitch  78  and  Paul  A.  Konow- 
itch on  March  23.  Named  Margo  Anne... Second 
daughter  and  fifth  child  to  Jane  Cassedy 
McDonald  78  and  William  M.  McDonald 
75,  M.D.  '84  on  July  19.  Named  Julia  Frances. .  .Second 
child  and  second  daughter  to  David  P.  Boyd  '79 
and  Dede  Boyd  on  Sept.  22,  1991.  Named  Molly  Tay- 
lor. .  .First  child  and  son  to  Julia  L.  Frey  79  and 
David  J.  Carter  on  June  3.  Named  Alexander  David... 
First  child  and  daughter  to  Katherine  Church 
McKay  Sloan  79  and  David  E.  Sloan  on  Dec.  17, 
1991.  Named  Anna  Church... Third  child  and  son  to 
Louise  Watkins  Tallman  79  and  William  H. 
Tallmanjr.  on  Aug.  1,  1991.  Named  Charles  Paxton. 


80s 


Robert  A.  Dunn  B.S.E.  '80,  a  shareholder  in  the 
patent  law  firm  Dinnin  &  Dunn,  PC,  in  Troy, 
Mich.,  has  been  elected  president  of  the  Michigan 
Patent  Law  As: 


Elaine  Gansz  '80  has  been  promoted  to  vice  pres- 
ident of  Burston-Marstellar,  an  international  public 
affairs/public  relations  firm.  She  is  a  member  of  the 
company's  worldwide  Environmental  Practice  Group, 
specializing  in  environmental  and  health-related 
public  affairs  campaigns. 

Richard  C.  Gaskins  Jr.  BSE.  '80  is  an  attor- 
ney at  the  Winston-Salem,  N.C,  firm  Petree  Stock- 
ton, where  he  specializes  in  environmental  law. 


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November-December    1992 


OVERCOMING  OBSTACLES 


Abilities  honored:  Mikita  receives  the  Personal 
Achievement  Award  from  Leeza  Gibbons  and  Jerry 
Lewis  during  MDA  telethon 


w 


hen  he  was 
three  years 
old,  J. 
Stephen  Mikita's  par- 
ents showed  him  a 
copy  of  Look  magazine 
with  photographs  of 
Franklin  Delano  Roo- 
sevelt crawling  up  the 
White  House  stairs  for 
exercise,  and  being 
lifted  out  of  the  ocean 
by  his  sons.  Those 
poignant  images,  and 
FDR's  dogged  determi- 
nation, made  a  lasting 
impression. 

Mikita  '78  has  Werd- 
nig-Hoffman  disease,  a 
neuromuscular  disor- 
der that  requires  him 
to  use  a  motorized 
wheelchair.  But 
Mikita,  now  an  assis- 
tant attorney  general  in 


Utah,  refuses  to  be 
daunted  by  his  disabil- 
ity. 

"I  was  born  with  ex- 
tremely weak  muscles, 
but  to  counteract  that 
physical  weakness,  I 
was  given  a  strong  and 
supportive  family. 
They've  given  me  the 
fight  to  be  more 
resilient  than  any  mus- 
cle could  ever  be. 

"To  my  way  of  think- 
ing, we're  all  Ameri- 
cans with  disabilities," 
he  says.  "We  all  have 
things  we're  incapable 
of  doing.  My  disability 
is  more  visible,  but  that 
doesn't  mean  it  will  pre- 
vent me  from  accom- 
plishing my  goals  and 
dreams." 

This  fall,  Mikita's 


fortitude  was  honored 
by  the  Muscular  Dys- 
trophy Association, 
which  gave  him  the 
first  national  Personal 
Achievement  Award 
for  his  own  accomplish- 
ments, and  for  his  ad- 
vocacy work  on  behalf 
of  disabled  Americans. 
One  of  Mikita's  ongo- 
ing interests  is  the 
Americans  with  Dis- 
abilities Act  (ADA).  He 
works  tirelessly  to  edu- 
cate Utah  businesses 
and  schools  about  pro- 
visions of  the  bill. 

"The  ADA  is  not  just 
about  ramps  and  eleva- 
tors and  widening  door- 
ways," he  says.  "It's 
about  real  people  with 
real  feelings.  And  we're 
every  bit  as  American 
as  anyone  else.  There 
are  43  million  Ameri- 
cans with  disabilities; 
that's  one  out  of  every 
six  people.  It's  stagger- 
ing! Simply  because  we 
walk  or  smile  or  talk  a 
little  differently  doesn't 
mean  we're  not  enti- 
ded  to  the  same  privi- 
leges, pleasures,  and 
protections  available  to 
all  other  Americans." 

The  first  wheelchair- 
bound  freshman  stu- 
dent admitted  to  Duke, 
Mikita  says  he  was 
deeply  touched  by  the 
outpouring  of  genuine 
concern  from  adminis- 
tration, faculty,  staff, 
and  fellow  students. 
"There  were  literally 


hundreds  of  people 
who  touched  my  life, 
people  who  gave  me 
their  support  and  had 
faith  in  me." 

As  an  undergradu- 
ate, Mikita  sang  bari- 
tone in  the  Chapel 
Choir  and  "lived  and 
breathed"  Duke  bas- 
ketball. (In  a  physical 
education  course 
taught  by  then-men's 
varsity  basketball 
coach  Bill  Foster, 
Mikita  earned  one  of 
the  highest  midterm 
exam  grades;  the  other 
top  score  went  to  star 
varsity  player  Jim 
Spanarkel  '79.)  A  dou- 
ble major  in  political 
science  and  religion, 
Mikita  graduated 
magna  cum  laude. 

While  he  admits  to 
political  aspirations, 
Mikita's  immediate 
plans  are  to  communi- 
cate to  a  wider  popula- 
tion the  importance  of 
the  ADA.  A  national 
speaking  tour  is 
planned,  and  Mikita 
says  he  hopes  his  trav- 
els will  include  his 
alma  mater. 

"I'd  like  to  tell 
Dukies  what  the  act  is 
all  about  and  enlist 
their  support.  Because 
it's  their  generation, 
not  mine,  that's  really 
going  to  have  the 
opportunity  to  change 
the  way  people  think 
about  people  with  dis- 
abilities." 


Larry  Steven  Hunt  B.S.E.E.'80,  administrative 
department  head  for  Fighter  Squadron  3 1 ,  recently 
moved  to  San  Diego  to  train  in  the  Navy's  newest 
fighter,  F-14D. 


Steven  H.  Lipstein  M.H..-V 

director  of  the  Outpatient  Center  at  The  Johns  Hop- 
kins Medical  Institutions,  has  been  named  vice  presi- 
dent of  ambulatory  care  and  services. 

Joan  Rector  McGlockton  '80,  who  earned  her 
law  degree  from  Harvard,  is  corporate  secretary  for  the 
Marriott  Corp.,  responsible  for  maintaining  the  com- 
pany's corporate  records  and  those  of  its  approxi- 
mately 300  corporate  subsidiaries.  She  joined  Mar- 
riott in  1987  as  an  attorney  and  was  named  a  senior 
attorney  in  1990.  She  and  her  husband,  William,  live 
in  Silver  Spring,  Md. 

Paul  Snyder  '80  was  promoted  to  vice-president/ 
general  manager  of  Hanes  Underwear.  He  and  his 
wife,  Jennifer,  live  in  Winston-Salem,  N.C. 

Susan  Smith  Bies  '81  is  a  product  group  market- 
ing manager  for  the  Quaker  Oats  Co.  She  and  her 
husband,  Bob,  and  their  daughter  live  in  Evanston, 
111.,  and  Washington,  D.C. 

Joseph  J.  DiMona  '81,  who  earned  his  law 


degree  at  Columbia  University,  was  promoted  to  assis- 
tant vice  president/counsel,  licensing-legal,  at  BM1 
(Broadcast  Music,  Inc.).  He  and  his  wife,  Lisa,  and 
their  daughter  live  in  Westchester  County,  N.Y. 

Charles  Edward  Fletcher  III  '81 ,  a  law  pro- 
fessor at  the  University  of  Cincinnati,  is  spending  the 
1992-93  academic  year  as  a  Visiting  Fulbright  Scholar 
at  Eotvos  Lorand  University  in  Budapest,  Hungary. 
He  is  completing  work  on  his  third  book,  which  dis- 
cusses Hungarian  capital  markets. 

Otis  K.  Forbes  III  '81,  an  associate  with  the 
Virginia  Beach,  Va.,  law  firm  Wilson  &  Hajek,  was 
promoted  to  lieutenant  commander  in  the  Judge 
Advocate  General's  Corps  of  the  U.S.  Naval  Reserve. 

Steve  Thomas  A.M.  '81,  former  director  of  the 
Family  Emergency  Assistance  Program  in  New  York 
City  and  currently  senior  vice  president  and  chief  oper- 
ating officer  of  Westminster  Corp.,  was  elected  to  the 
board  of  the  Minnesota  Coalition  for  the  Homeless. 


was  ordained  and  in- 
stalled as  a  Presbyterian  minister  at  Southminster 
Presbyterian  Church  in  Richmond,  Va.  He  and  his 
wife,  Mary  McArthur  Warner  '80,  and  their 
two  children  live  in  Richmond. 


Debra  Sabatini  Hennelly  BSE.  '82  practices 
environmental  law  in  Morristown,  N.J.,  with  Riker, 
Danzig,  Scherer,  Hyland  &  Perretti.  She  and  her 
husband,  Robert,  and  their  three  children  live  in 
Madison,  N.J. 

Guy  P.  Raff  a  '82  earned  his  Ph.D.  from  Indiana 
University  in  1991  and  is  assistant  professor  of  Italian 
at  the  University  of  Texas  at  Austin. 

Andrew  S.  Rosen  '82  has  been  named  director 
of  operations  of  the  N.Y.  Metropolitan  Area  for 
Kaplan  Test  Prep,  the  world's  leading  test  preparation 
organization. 

James  H.  Tucker  '82  moved  to  Menlo  Park, 
Calif.,  where  he  works  as  director  of  real  estate  for 
Natural  Wonders,  a  nature  and  science  retail  chain. 

Andre  P.  Mazzoleni  B.S.E.  '83  was  named  an 
assistant  professor  of  engineering  at  Texas  Christian 
University.  He  earned  his  master's  and  Ph.D.  in 
mechanical  engineering  at  the  University  of  Wiscon- 
sin-Madison. He  lives  in  Fort  Worth. 

Sharon  S.  Adler  M.H.A.  '84,  marketing  manager 
of  the  Otago  Area  Health  Board,  Dunedin,  New 
Zealand,  was  advanced  to  membership  status  in  the 
American  College  of  Healthcare  Executives. 

Rachel  Frankel  '84,  who  earned  her  master's  in 
architecture  from  Harvard  last  year,  lives  and  works  in 
Manhattan.  She  and  her  partner,  Kathleen  Bakewell, 
a  landscape  architectural  designer,  won  the  American 
Institute  of  Architecture  Intern's  Design  Competi- 
tion, "A  New  Headquarters  for  the  National  Energy 
Management  Institute."  The  winning  entry  was  dis- 
played in  Washington,  D.C,  at  the  National  Building 
Museum. 

Dana  Jill  Gordon  '84  is  a  child  psychologist  for 
Somerville  Mental  Health  in  Somerville,  Mass.  She 
and  her  daughter  live  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

Azeem  Syed  Haleem  '84,  M.D.  '86  was  ap- 
pointed to  the  medical  staff  of  Mercy  Medical  Center 
in  Springfield,  Ohio. 

Michael  Schoenf  eld  '84  was  named  director  of 
program  development  for  Worldnet,  the  global  televi- 
sion and  film  service  of  the  U.S.  Information  Service. 
He  and  his  wife,  Elizabeth,  live  in  Arlington,  Va. 


Kowalchuk  B.S.M.E.  '85  earned 
both  his  Ph.D.  and  M.D.  from  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania. 

Neil  D.  McFeeley  J.D.  '85,  an  attorney  with  the 
Boise,  Idaho,  firm  Eberle,  Berlin,  Kading,  Tumbow  6k 
McKlveen,  was  re-elected  to  the  American  Judicature 
Society's  board  of  directors  in  August. 

Cyndi  Dondlinger  Schnupper  '85  is  a  systems 
developer  for  SAS  Institute,  Inc.,  where  she  has 
worked  since  1985.  She  and  her  husband,  Michael, 
live  in  Raleigh,  N.C. 

Zoe  S.  Warwick  '85,  Ph.D.  '92,  a  psychologist, 
has  moved  to  Hamilton,  Ontario,  Canada,  where  she 
is  doing  research  at  McMaster  University. 

Amy  Gilman  Ariagno  '86  is  a  senior  financial 
consultant  and  auditor  with  Arthur  Andersen  &  Co. 
in  Dallas.  She  and  her  husband,  Michael,  and  their 
daughter  live  in  Piano,  Texas. 

Robert  B.  Benford  B.S.E.E.  '86  was  transferred 
to  Chicago  as  manufacturing  team  engineer  for  John- 
son &  Johnson.  He  lives  in  Sherwood,  111.,  and  writes 
that  his  "Jeep  is  starting  to  rust  but  still  runs  great." 

Elizabeth  A.  "Betsy"  Davies  86  left  the 
Republican  National  Committee  in  August  to  start 
law  school  at  the  University  of  Tennessee  at 
Knoxville. 

Nancy  Hogshead  '86,  an  Olympic  swimming 
gold  medalist,  was  selected  president-elect  of  the 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


Women's  Sports  Foundation. 

Stephen  J.  Meyer  '86,  an  associate  for  McKinsey 
6k  Co.,  Inc.,  management  consultants  in  Chicago, 
received  his  M.B.A.  from  Stanford  University  in  June. 

Rebecca  Ament  Carr  '87,  J.D.  '90  works  for  the 
Washington,  DC,  law  firm  Verner,  Liipfert,  Bern- 
hard,  McPherson,  &  Hand,  where  she  practices 
employment  and  labor  law  with  a  special  focus  on  the 
Americans  with  Disabilities  Act.  She  and  her  hus- 
band, Simon,  live  in  Silver  Spring,  Md. 

Ann  Wood  Gregg  '87  graduated  cum  laude  from 
Temple  University's  School  of  Architecture  and  will 
be  eligible  for  her  Pennsylvania  registration  exam, 
following  a  three-year  internship.  She  and  her  hus- 
band, Bill,  live  in  Wallingford,  Pa. 

David  C.  Grosek  '87  is  an  associate  in  litigation 
with  the  San  Francisco  law  firm  Brobeck,  Phleger,  & 
Harrison. 

Daphne  Hubert  Howland  '87,  who  earned  her 
M.S.  in  journalism  from  Northwestern  University's 
Medill  School  of  Journalism,  works  as  a  writer.  She 
and  her  husband,  Ethan,  live  in  Washington,  DC. 

Paul  B.  Kim  M.D.  '87  returned  from  Operation 
Ocean  Venture  with  Helicopter  Mine  Countermea- 
sures  Squadron-14,  Naval  Air  Station,  Norfolk,  Va. 

Wayne  Lee  '87,  after  completing  five  years  in  the 
Army  serving  in  Germany,  has  returned  to  Duke  to 
begin  graduate  study  in  history. 

Michele  Weilbaecher  Legrand  '87  is  prac- 
ticing law  in  New  Orleans. 

Walter  Nicholas  Rak  '87  is  an  associate  with 
the  law  firm  Hatch,  Little,  &  Bunn,  in  Raleigh,  N.C., 
concentrating  in  business  law  and  corporations, 
estates  and  trusts,  and  tax  law.  He  and  his  wife, 
Penny,  live  in  Apex,  N.C. 

Charlotte  Ricotta  '87  earned  her  M.D.  in  oph- 
thalmology from  Hahnemann  University's  medical 
school  in  Philadelphia. 

Anabel  Co  Sheron  '87,  an  editor  with  the  For- 
eign Broadcast  Information  Service,  is  serving  a  two- 
year  tour  in  Bangkok,  Thailand,  after  completing  a 
two-year  tour  in  Okinawa,  Japan.  She  and  her  hus- 
band, Daniel,  live  in  Bangkok. 

Hester  Old  Sullivan  '87  is  pursuing  her  master's 

at  the  Hunter  School  of  Social  Work,  studying  com- 
munity organization.  She  also  works  at  a  food  pantry 
and  a  Harlem  Drop-In  Center  for  the  homeless,  where 
people  who  have  no  place  to  stay  can  come  to  shower, 
have  a  hot  meal,  receive  mail,  and  use  the  phone.  She 
and  her  husband,  Anthony,  live  in  New  York  City. 

Robert  A.  Swoap  '87,  who  earned  his  Ph.D.  in 
clinical  psychology  from  the  University  of  Florida,  is  a 
post-doctoral  fellow  in  behavioral  medicine  at  Duke 
Medical  Center. 


H.  Ward  '87  resigned  from  Chemical 
Bank  in  New  York  as  an  assistant  vice  president  and  is 
attending  Northwestem's  J.L.  Kellogg  Graduate 
School  of  Management. 

Kirk  Wolverton  '87  earned  his  M.B.A.  from  the 
University  of  Texas  at  Austin  Graduate  School  of 
Business,  where  he  was  a  Sord  Scholar  and  Dean's 
Award  recipient.  He  has  joined  the  Dallas  office  of 
Coopers  and  Lybrand. 

Colin  M.V.  Callahan  '88  is  an  investment  repre- 
sentative in  the  Annapolis  office  of  Alex  Brown  and 
Sons.  He  lives  in  Bolto,  Md. 

Geneviave  Chenier  '88  earned  her  master's 
degree  in  clinical  psychology  at  the  University  of 
South  Florida,  where  she  began  medical  school  in 
August,  after  spending  the  summer  traveling  through 
Europe. 


John  Dex  '88  is  pursuing  his  M.B.A.  at  Dartmouth 
College's  Tuck  School  of  Business. 

John  F.  Hillen  III  '88,  who  resigned  from  the 
Army  as  a  captain  after  almost  four  years  with  the  2nd 
Armored  Calvary  Regiment,  is  working  on  his  mas- 
ter's in  defense  studies  at  King's  College  in  London. 

Michael  W.  Kendall  '88,  who  graduated  from 
UNC-Chapel  Hill's  medical  school  in  May,  is  doing  a 
residency  in  internal  medicine  at  the  University  of 
Michigan.  He  and  his  wife,  Ann  Palmer 
Kendall  '87,  B.H.S.  "89,  live  in  Ann  Arbor. 

Thomas  O.  Moorman  '88  is  assistant  vice  presi- 
dent and  branch  manager  of  SouthTrust  Bank  of 
North  Carolina's  Six  Forks  branch  in  Raleigh. 

Jason  M.  Murray  '88,  who  earned  his  J.D.  degree 
from  the  University  of  Virginia's  law  school  in  1991, 
is  an  associate  in  the  Miami  office  of  the  law  firm 
Morgan,  Lewis  6k  Bockius. 

Christopher  M.  Olson  '88,  a  Marine  lieutenant, 
returned  to  the  U.S.  with  Commander,  Cruiser 
Destroyer  Group  Two,  Charleston,  S.C.,  following  a 
six-month  deployment  in  the  Mediterranean,  the  Red 
Sea,  and  the  Persian  Gulf. 

Barbara  Borska  Snyder  '88  earned  her  M.S.  in 
group  process  and  group  psychotherapy  from  Hahne- 
mann University's  graduate  school  in  Philadelphia. 

Deborah  M.  Ward  '88  is  in  veterinary  school  at 
Tufts  University  in  Boston.  She  has  been  working  at 
Park  East  Animal  Hospital  in  New  York  City  and 
taking  required  science  courses  at  the  City  University, 
Hunter  College. 

William  F.  Herbert  B.S.E.  '89,  a  Navy  lieutenant 
j.g.  serving  aboard  the  frigate  VSS  Lockwood  as  anti- 
submarine warfare  officer,  took  part  in  the  five-nation 
"Rim  of  the  Pacific"  maritime  exercise. 


Lori  A.  Lefcourt  '89  earned  her  master's  in  coun- 
seling psychology  from  the  University  of  Illinois  and 
is  now  pursuing  her  psychology  doctorate. 

Carlos  E.  Roscoe  '89,  a  Navy  lieutenant  j.g. 
serving  aboard  the  frigate  L'SS  Lockwood  as  navigator, 
participated  in  the  five-nation  "Rim  of  the  Pacific" 
maritime  exercise. 


Kristin  A.  Rose  '89,  a  Navy  lieutenant  j.g., 
tecently  returned  from  Operation  Ocean  Venture, 
a  minesweeping  exercise  in  amphibious  landing 
operations. 

Allison  Elmore  Thornton  '89,  who  graduated 
from  the  University  of  Georgia's  law  school  in  May,  is 
a  law  clerk  in  Atlanta  for  the  judge  of  the  Northern 
district  of  Georgia. 

Frank  D.  Whit  wort  h  'S9  reported  for  duty  with 
Commander,  U.S.  Naval  Forces  Central,  based  in 
Bahrain. 

Carolyn  Marie  Zander  '89,  who  earned  her  J.D. 
from  Harvard  Law  School  in  June,  is  an  associate  at 
the  Atlanta  law  firm  King  6k  Spalding. 

MARRIAGES:  Larry  Steven  Hunt  B.S.E.E.'80 

to  P.  Monique  Anthis  on  May  2.  Residence:  San 
Diego.  ..Paul  Snyder  '80  to  Jennifer  Horton  on 
Oct.12.  Residence:  Winston-Salem. ..Robert  S. 
Jacobs  '84  to  Amy  L.  Nickell  on  Sept.  28,  1991. 
Residence:  Fort  Worth... Ellen  Stewart  '84  to 
Warren  H.  Moore  on  Aug.  3,  1991.  Residence:  Por- 
tola  Valley,  Calif.... Cyndi  Dondlinger  '85  to 
Michael  G.  Schnupper  on  May  30.  Residence: 
Raleigh... Esther  Ann  Lependorf  '86  to 
Andrew  D.  Alpert  on  May  26,  1991.  Residence: 
Upper  Marlboro,  Md.... Michael  W.  Yen  '86  to 
Deanna  Rose  Lee  '89  on  June  20.  Residence: 
Nashville,  Tenn.,  and  Florence,  Ala.... Annabel 
M.  Co  '87  to  Daniel  J.  Sheron  on  July  18.  Residence: 


DUKE 

Safe,  serious  weight  loss  through 

lifestyle  change.  Personalized  care  from 

Duke  physicians  and  health  professionals. 


Diet  and  Fitness  Center 

Duke  University  Medical  Center 
804  W.  Trinity  Avenue 
Durham,  NC  27701 
800-362-8446 


TAKING  TIMELY  ACTION 


pie  can  make  a 
huge  differ- 
ence. From 
maneuvering 
smart  career 
moves  to  help- 
ing victims  of 
domestic  vio- 
lence to  obtain- 
ing reliable 
mammograms, 
this  easy-to-use 
book  enables 
readers  to 
make  a  differ- 
ence in  their 
own  lives,  and  in  the 
lives  of  others. 

Jackson,  a  Maryland 
journalist  and  editor- 
at-large  for  New 
Woman  magazine, 
came  up  with  the  idea 
for  the  book  after 
watching  the  Anita 
Hill-Clarence  Thomas 
hearings.  Jackson 
channeled  her  frustra- 
tion into  something 
productive;  as  she 
explains  it,  "I  decided 
to  use  the  'five  minutes 
a  day' approach 
because  so  many  peo- 
ple today  feel  that  they 
want  to  make  the 
world  better  for 
women,  but  their  lives 
are  so  hectic  that  they 


Jackson:  catalyst  for  change 

Anthropologist 
Margaret  Mead 
once  wrote: 
"Never  underestimate 
the  ability  of  a  small, 
dedicated  group  of 
people  to  change  the 
world;  indeed  it's  the 
only  thing  that  ever 
has  changed  the  world." 

Mead's  sentiment 
serves  as  an  appropri- 
ate preface  to  a  new 
book  by  Donna  Jack- 
son '82.  How  To  Make 
the  World  A  Better  Place 
For  Women  in  Five  Min- 
utes A  Day  is  a  practi- 
cal, informative,  and 


based  on  the  premise 
that  one  or  two  small 
actions  by  many  peo- 


just  don't  have  time  to 
get  involved.  So  I 
turned  every  stone  I 
could  to  try  to  find 
simple,  fast  approaches 
we  can  take." 

Fed  up  with  scantily 
clad  babes  selling  beer? 
In  the  "Show  Sexism 
Won't  Sell"  chapter, 
Jackson  tells  whom  to 
call  or  write,  and  offers 
resources  for  finding 
out  the  worst  offenders 
of  sexism  in  advertising. 

Unsure  how  to  react 
when  a  male  friend 
jokes  about  "women 
drivers"  or  attributes  a 
co-worker's  grumpy 
mood  to  her  gender? 
Jackson  tells  how  to 
express  your  displea- 
sure in  a  manner  that's 
effective. 

Ever  feel  patronized 
by  burly  car  mechan- 
ics? Order  the  Women's 
Yellow  Pages,  and 
find  out  where  the 
women-owned  service 
stations  are  in  your 
community. 

Published  by  Dis- 
ney's Hyperion  Press, 
the  slim  paperback  also 
rates  senators  accord- 
ing to  their  voting 

family  leave 


initiatives,  reproduc- 
tive rights,  child  care, 
and  women's  issues. 
And  in  keeping  with 
the  book's  original 
source  of  inspiration,  it 
also  lists  whether  he  or 
she  voted  for  or  against 
Clarence  Thomas' 
Supreme  Court  nomi- 
nation. 

Jackson  says  the 
early  success  of  her 
book  is  both  encourag- 
ing and  frustrating. 
"It's  great  that  so  many 
people  want  to  buy  it, 
but  most  bookstores 
only  order  twenty 
copies  at  a  time.  All  but 
one  of  the  stores  I've 
spoken  with  this  week 
are  sold  out,  which 
means  people  can't 
walk  in  and  buy  one; 
they  have  to  special 
order  it  and  wait  sev- 
eral weeks." 

How  To  Make  the 
World  A  Better  Place 
For  Women  in  Five 
Minutes  A  Day  costs  a 
mere  $7.95.  If  your 
local  bookstore  is  al- 
ready sold  out,  it  can 
be  ordered  directly 
through  the  publisher 
by  calling  1-800-759- 
0190. 


Bangkok,  Thailand... Kathy  Nichols  '87  to 
Bradley  Thompson  on  Aug.  1 .  Residence:  New  York 
City. .  .A.  Hester  Old  '87  to  Thomas  Anthony 
Sullivan  on  July  25.  Residence:  New  York  City... 
Ann  C.  Palmer  87,  B.H.S.  89  to  Michael  W. 
Kendall  '88  on  June  13  in  Duke  Chapel.  Residence: 
Ann  Arbor,  Mich.... Walter  Nicholas  Rak  '87 
to  Penny  Ann  Goodwin  on  June  20.  Residence: 
Apex,  \  C     Joanne  Carol  Warbrek  '87  to 
Brian  Edward  Farr  on  Aug.  9 . . .  Michele 
Weilbaecher  '87  to  Pierre  M.  Legrand... 
Michael  W.  Kendall  '88  to  Ann  C.  Palmer 
'87,  B.H.S.  '89  on  June  13  in  Duke  Chapel.  Residence: 
Ann  Arbor,  Mich. ..Eric  Thomas  Landis  '88  to 
Kristin  Pamela  Olsen  on  Aug.  15.  Residence:  South- 
port,  Conn.... Cheryl  Mc  Daniel  '88  to  James 
Duckworth  on  June  6.  Residence:  Boston... 
Kathryn  Jane  Parsley  '88  to  Michael 
David  Ladd  '88  on  Sept.  7,  1991.  Residence: 
Nashville,  Tenn....  Jennifer  Anne  Ralff  '88  to 
Erik  Ankor  Heitmann  on  Sept.  8,  1990.  Residence: 
Oneida,  NY...  Michael  Campbell  Bangs  Jr. 

'89  to  Susan  Gail  Souren  on  July  4.  Residence: 
Atlanta... Jon  Charles  Bailey  B.S.E.  '89  to 
Kristy  Eisenman  '89.  Residence: 
Houston... Daniel  M.  Berger  '89  to  Kathleen 
E.  Sullivan  '89  on  Sept.  19.  Residence:  St. 
Louis... Allison  Elmore  '89  to  Steve  Thornton  on 
June  27.  Residence:  Atlanta... Deanna  Rosa  Lee 
'89  to  Michael  W.  Yen  '86  on  June  20. 
Residence:  Nashville,  Tenn.,  and  Florence, 
Ala... Wendy  L.  Williams  '89  to  David  C. 
Smith  '90  on  June  20.  Residence:  Durham...  Jill  C. 
Wright  '89  to  John  Zachary  Ambrose  on  March  21. 
Residence:  Charleston,  S.C. 


BIRTHS:  A  daught, 


>  Leslie  Ann  Graves ' 


and  John  Thomas  Fucigna  on  May  26.  Named  Ann 
Graves  Fucigna. .  .First  child  and  daughter  to  Susan 
Smith  Bies  '81  and  Bob  Bies  on  Feb.  14.  Named 
Kelly  Elizabeth... Son  to  Daniel  Jay  Edwards 
Jr.  '81  andJoanieKrugonJuly  18.  Named  Eli  Krug... 
First  child  and  son  to  Cynthia  Ann  Salmons 
'81  and  Richard  Coleman  Boyd  '69  on  July  20. 

Named  Richard  Salmons. .  .First  child  and  son  to 
Peter  B.  Brandon  '82  and  Laurie  Caldwell  Bran- 
don on  April  1 0,  1 99 1 .  Named  Stephen  William .. . 
Twin  daughters  to  Debra  Sabatini  Hennelly 
B.S.E.  '82  and  Robert  P.  Hennelly  Jr.  on  April  23. 
Named  Abigail  Francesca  and  Rebecca  Lucia. .  .Third 
child  and  second  son  to  Janet  Vavra  Knowl- 
ton  '82  and  David  K.  Knowlton  '82  on  Feb.  4, 
1991.  Named  Timothy  David. ..Son  to  Cathy 
Warren  McAuliffe  '82  and  Jim  McAuliffe  on 
June  9.  Named  Christopher  Vincent. .  .Daughter  to 
Terri  Feldman  Silver  '82  and  Andrew  Silver  on 
Aug.  17.  Named  Alyssa  Margot... Daughter  to 
Henry  M.  Stoloff  '82  and  Bonnie  B.  Stoloff  on 
June  3.  Named  Sarah  Lela. .  .First  child  and  son  to 
Helaine  Becker  '83  and  Karl  Szasz  on  June  7. 
Named  Michael  Thomas. .  .First  child  and  son  to 
David  Bennett  B.S.E.  '83  and  Penny  Bennett  on 
April  14.  Named  Kyle  Trace. .  .First  child  and  son  to 
Suzanne  Helmick  Book  '83  and  Jeffrey  D. 
Book.  Named  David  Jeffrey. .  .Second  child  and  sec- 
ond son  to  Alison  C.  Bouchard  '83  and  Conrad 
B.  Bassett  on  Feb.  3.  Named  Christopher  Thomas. . . 
First  child  and  son  to  Barbara  Demarest  '83 

and  Jim  Rosenberg  on  July  8.  Named  David 
Demarest... Son  to  Andy  Schwab  B.S.E.E.  '83 
and  Aliza  Bricklin '84  on  April  15.  Named  Jacob 
Bricklin... First  child  and  son  to  Mariane  Bennet 
Strongin  '83  and  Scott  D.  Strongin  '84  on 


March  18.  Named  Joshua  David... Second  child  and 
son  to  Joan  Young  Trautman  '83  and  David 


Trautman  '83  on  May  20.  Named 
William  James. .  .Son  to  Aliza  Bricklin  '84  and 
Andy  Schwab  B.S.E.E.  '83  on  April  15.  Named 
Jacob  Bricklin. .  Third  child  and  first  son  to  Mark 
E.  Indermaur  B.S.E.E.  '84  and  Meredith  W. 
Indermaur  on  June  24-  Named  William  Scott. . . 
Daughter  to  Ellen  Stewart  Moore  '84  and 
Warren  H.  Moore  on  April  14.  Named  Hathaway 
Elizabeth. .  .Second  child  and  daughter  to 
Margaret  Saul  Smith  '84  and  Scott  J. 
Smith  '84  on  May  3.  Named  Caroline 
Jeanette... First  child  and  son  to  Scott  D.  Stron- 
gin '84  and  Marianne  Bennet  Strongin  '83 
on  March  18.  Named  Joshua  David...  Daughter  to 
Robin  Patton  Hicks  '85  and  Brian  Neilson 
Hicks  '85,  M.B.A.  '90  on  June  26.  Named  Lucile 
Winfield. . .  First  child  and  daughter  to  Amy 
Gilman  Ariagno  '86  and  Michael  B.  Ariagno  on 
June  22.  Named  Sydney  Nicole. .  .First  child  and  son 
to  Jennifer  Boutwell  Leach  '87  and  Keith 
Leach.  Named  Michael  Keith  Jr.... First  child  and  son 
to  Mark  L.  Barden  M.Div.  '88  and  Barbara  Bar- 
den  on  Dec.  5,  1991.  Named  Christopher 
Mark.. .Daughter  to  Deidra  Wilson  Frazier  '88 
and  Lloyd  F.  Frazier  on  May  25.  Named  Caitlin 
Buchanan. 


90s 


James  A.  Amerman  '90,  a  Na 

reported  for  duty  with  Helicopter  Anti-Submarine 
Squadron-Eight,  Naval  Air  Station  North  Island,  San 
Diego. 

Vikram  S.  Bhatnagar  M.B.A.  '90  was  named 
manager  of  the  Falls  Church,  Va.,  office  of  Price 
Waterhouse. 


J.  Eric  Davis  '90,  a  Marine  fir 
promoted  to  his  current  rank  while  serving  with 
Brigade  Service  Support  Gtoup-5,  1st  Force  Service 
Support  Group,  Camp  Pendleton,  Calif. 

Mike  Hasik  '90,  a  Navy  lieutenant  j.g.,  was  desig- 
nated a  Surface  Warfare  Officer  and  an  Engineering 
Officer  of  the  Watch  on  the  amphibious  assault  ship 
USS  Cleveland.  After  completing  a  six-month  deploy- 
ment to  the  Middle  East  in  December,  he  began  work 
on  his  M.B.A.  He  and  his  wife,  Mary,  live  in  San  Diego. 

John  W.  Heinecke  '90,  a  Navy  ensign,  is  deployed 
to  the  Persian  Gulf  aboard  the  guided  missile  frigate 
USS  Thatch,  and  he  participated  in  two  training  exer- 
cises with  U.S.  and  foreign  forces. 


'90,  a  Navy  ensign,  reported 
for  duty  with  Patrol  Squadron-30,  Naval  Air  Station, 
Jacksonville,  Fla. 

Algis  K.  Kalvaitis  '90,  a  Navy  lieutenant  j.g., 
participated  in  a  five-nation  maritime  exercise,  RIM- 
PAC  '92,  aboard  the  submarine  USS  Pasadena. 


'90,  who  earned  her  master's  in 
health  administration  from  UNC-Chapel  Hill's  School 
of  Public  Health,  is  a  reimbursement  associate  with  the 
N.C.  Office  of  Rural  Health  and  Resource  Development. 

Janis  R.  Williams  j.D.  '90  has  been  elected  to 
the  board  of  directors  of  the  American  Cancer  Soci- 
ety's Scottsdale,  Ariz.,  unit. 

Julie  Wolf  '90  is  a  production  assistant  in  the  Cap- 
tion Center  of  WGBH,  Boston's  public  television 
station.  She  helps  produce  closed  captions  for  the 
hearing  impaired  for  The  MacNeiULehrer  Report,  CBS 
Evening  News,  60  Minutes,  and  48  Hours.  She  is  also  a 
volunteer  through  the  Duke  Club  of  Boston  as  a  writ- 
ing tutor  for  the  Continuing  Education  Institute. 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


Jeb  Byers  '92  is  spending  a  year  teaching  English  in 
Ecuador,  under  the  auspices  of  WorldTeach,  a  private, 
nonprofit  organization  hased  at  Harvard  University. 

Wendy  Rimer  '92  is  spending  a  year  teaching 
English  in  Ecuador,  under  the  auspices  of  World- 
Teach,  a  private,  nonprofit  organization  based  at 
Harvard  University. 

MARRIAGES:  Julie  A.  Scheidel  '90  to  Craig 
G.  Smith  on  May  23.  Residence:  Waterville, 
Ohio    David  C.  Smith  90  to  Wendy  L. 

Williams  '89  on  June  20.  Residence:  Durham... 
Will  Heritage  '91  to  Kathy  Keeney  on  June  20. 

Residence:  Southheld,  Mu  h. 


DEATHS 


James  Daniel  Jerome  '19  of  Rose  Hill,  N.C., 
on  June  8.  A  former  teacher  and  principal  in  Rose 
Hill  and  Stedman,  he  was  also  a  farmer  and  produce 
distributor.  In  1982,  he  was  named  Outstanding 
Senior  Citizen  by  the  Rose  Hill  Jaycettes.  At  Duke, 
he  was  a  member  of  the  student  quartet  and  played 
varsity  baseball.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Sarah 

Woodward  Jerome  '35;  a  daughter,  Sarah 

Douglas  Jerome  M.A.T769,  Ed.D.73;  and  three 
grandchildren. 

Robert  Neil  Hanner  Sr.  '24  of  Bladenboro, 
N.C.,  on  May  5,  after  a  short  illness.  He  is  survived  by 
two  sons,  including  Floyd  Lee  Manner  '50,  six 
grandchildren,  1 1  great-grandchildren,  and  four  great- 
great-grandchildren. 

Lois  Guffy  Coyner  '27  of  Winston-Salem,  N.C., 
on  May  5. 

Henry  C.  Ferrell  Sr.  '27  of  Greensboro,  N.C.,  on 
June  1.  He  was  a  retired,  self-employed  manufacturers' 
representative  for  women's  apparel.  He  was  a  charter 
member  of  the  Iron  Dukes,  a  charter  member  of  the 
Guilford  College  Kiwanis  Club,  a  32nd  degree  Mason, 
and  a  member  of  the  Oddfellows  Lodge  and  several 
professional  organizations.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Louise,  two  daughters,  three  sons,  a  sister,  1 1  grand- 
children, and  three  great-grandchildren. 

Lawrence  Denson  Jones  '27  of  Plymouth, 
N.C.,  on  May  17,  1990.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Frances,  one  son,  and  two  grandchildren. 

Lewis  W.  Purdy  '28  of  New  Bern,  N.C,  on  April 
13,  after  a  lengthy  illness.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Edna. 


Henry  L.  Andrews  '31,  A.M.  '33  of  University, 
Ala.  He  was  a  sociology  professor  at  the  University  of 
Alabama. 

J.  Wesley  Marrow  '32  of  Clarksville,  Md.,  on 
Feb.  1 1.  He  is  survived  by  a  son. 

J.  Ethel  Ervin  '33  of  Charlotte,  N.C,  on  Dec.  30, 
1991. 

John  R.  Love  Jr.  '33  of  Durham,  on  July  14. 


H.  Mann  '33  of  Rockville,  Md.,  on  Oct. 
2 1 ,  1 99 1 .  He  had  retired  from  Alleghany  Ballistics 
Co.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife. 

Margaret  Royall  Poole  '33  of  Raleigh,  N.C, 
on  April  19.  A  retired  school  teacher  and  administra- 
tor, she  was  instrumental  in  the  founding  of  the  Rice 
House  in  Durham.  She  is  survived  by  her  husband, 
Wiley  Gordon  Poole  B.D.  '34;  a  sister,  Ade- 
laide Royall  Noell  '26;  a  nephew,  Algernon 
S.  Noell  Jr.  B.S.M.E.  '51;  and  a  niece, 
Margaret  Hammet  West  R.N.  '56. 

David  M.  Beebe  '34  of  Pompano  Beach,  Fla.,  on 
Nov.  25,  1991,  after  a  lengthy  illness.  He  is  survived 
by  his  wife,  Lois. 


Margaret  Almand  Greene  '34  of  Gastonia, 
N.C,  on  April  19.  She  had  retired  as  secretary  for 
American  Comb  Yarns  &  Spinner  Association.  At 
Duke,  she  was  a  member  of  Mu  Lambda,  which 
became  Pi  Beta  Phi.  She  is  survived  by  two  sons  and 
five  grandchildren. 

James  O.  Otis  B.S.E.  '34  of  Wilmington,  Del., 
on  Aug.  21,  1991.  A  retired  sales  manager  of  LOF 
Plastics,  Inc.,  he  pioneered  the  development  of  lami- 
nated plastics  with  Boeing  and  McDonnell-Douglas 
for  application  in  their  commercial  airplanes.  At 
Duke,  he  was  a  member  of  Delta  Tau  Delta  and  Phi 
Beta  Kappa.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Virginia,  and  a 

Frederick  N.  Tyson  '34  of  Durham,  on  March 
25.  A  retired  Army  major  who  served  two  foreign 
tours,  he  played  football  under  Coach  Wallace  Wade. 
He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Hazel,  and  a  sister. 

Walter  E.  Conrad  '35  of  Lompoc,  Calif,  on 
May  11. 

F.  James  Williams  '35  of  Loudonville,  N.Y.,  on 
June  23.  He  began  a  career  in  N.Y.  state  government 
in  1956  as  assistant  commissioner  of  Agriculture  and 
was  later  appointed  by  Gov.  Nelson  Rockefeller  as 
commissioner  of  Indian  Affairs.  He  retired  in  1983  as 
deputy  commissioner  for  audit  and  review  of  the 
Department  of  Motor  Vehicles,  having  served  3 1 
years  under  the  Harriman,  Rockefeller,  Wilson, 
Carey,  and  Cuomo  administrations.  He  is  survived  by 
his  wife,  Elizabeth,  a  son,  a  daughter,  three  grandchil- 
dren, and  two  great-grandchildren. 


'37  of  Charlotte,  N.C, 


Nell  V, 

Oct.  26, 1991. 

Sizer  Chambliss  '37  on  Nov.  5,  1991.  He  is  sur- 
vived by  his  wife,  Genevieve,  of  Kingston,  Tenn. 

Robert  F.  Spangler  '39  of  Williamsburg,  Va.,  on 
March  31,  after  a  lengthy  illness.  He  was  an  agent  for 
State  Farm  Insurance  Co. 

Muriel  Wriston  Whitfield  '39  of  New  Canaan, 
Conn.,  on  July  2.  She  is  survived  by  her  husband, 
John,  and  two  sons,  including  Richard  W.  Whit- 
field M.D.  '69. 

Priscilla  Alden  '40  on  June  22  of  cardiac  arrest  at 
her  Arlington,  Va.,  home.  She  retired  in  1978  as  chief 
of  the  programs  branch  of  the  plans  and  programs 
division  of  the  research  and  engineering  directorate  of 
the  Army  Materiel  and  Development  Readiness 
Command.  During  World  War  II,  she  worked  at  Duke 
as  assistant  to  the  curriculum  chairman  for  the  med- 
ical school  and  later  in  Washington  fot  the  French 
government  as  liaison  on  the  Lend-Lease  program. 
After  the  war,  she  worked  for  the  United  Nations  and 
U.S.  foreign  assistance  programs  in  Washington  and 
Paris.  She  leaves  no  immediate  survivors. 

Philip  S.  Campbell  A.M.  '41  of  S.  Hadley, 
Mass.,  on  Feb.  9.  An  Army  Air  Corps  veteran  of 
World  War  II,  he  earned  his  Ph.D.  from  Brown  Uni- 
versity. He  taught  at  Stevens  Institute  of  Technology 
and  later  became  department  chairman  at  Hampton 
Institute,  now  Hampton  University,  in  Virginia.  For 
12  years  before  he  retired  in  1986,  he  was  dean  of  the 
faculty  at  Holyoke  (Mass.)  Community  College.  He  is 
survived  by  his  wife,  Jean,  three  children,  and  six 
grandchildren. 

G.  Harrold  Carswell  '41  of  Monticello,  Fla.,  on 
July  3 1 ,  ot  lung  cancer.  He  graduated  from  Mercer 
University's  law  school  and  served  as  a  federal  prose- 
cutor and  a  federal  district  judge  before  becoming  5th 
U.S.  Circuit  Court  of  Appeals  judge.  In  1970,  he  was 
nominated  for  the  Supreme  Court  by  President 
Richard  Nixon,  one  of  two  nominees  turned  down  by 
the  Senate.  He  resigned  from  the  federal  appeals  court 
and  sought  the  Republican  nomination  for  U.S.  Sen- 
ate in  1970,  but  he  was  defeated  in  the  primary.  He 


practiced  corporate  law  in  Tallahassee  before  retiring 
in  the  mid-1970s.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Virginia, 
two  daughters,  two  sons,  and  seven  grandchildren. 

Jack  Louis  Hardy  '41  of  Charlotte,  N.C,  on 
Jan.  30.  He  was  the  former  president  of  Hardy  Oil, 
Inc.,  which  he  founded  in  1968.  While  at  Duke,  he 
was  a  member  of  the  1938  Iron  Dukes  football  team. 
He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Frances,  a  son,  and  two 


Hildegarde  B.  Lemaster  '41  of  Hagerstown, 
Md.,  on  March  30,  1990.  She  was  a  retired  teacher. 
She  is  survived  by  a  sister. 

Eric  D.  Thompson  '41,  M.D.'43  of  Pasadena, 
Calif.,  on  Feb.  24. 

H.  Charles  Wascher  '41  of  Pittsford,  N.Y.,  on 
Jan.  29,  of  a  stroke.  Before  retiring,  he  was  director  of 
purchasing  for  the  Weyerhauser  Co.'s  paper  division 
in  Fitchburg,  Mass.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Gladys, 
a  daughter,  a  son,  and  a  sister. 

George  E.  Bokinsky  '42,  H.A.  Cert.  '46  of 
Richmond,  Va.,  on  July  5,  of  a  heart  attack.  He  was  a 
field  representative  for  the  Joint  Commission  on 
Accreditation  of  Health  Care  Organizations,  a 
Chicago-based  private  company.  At  Duke,  he  was  an 
All-American  running  back  and  played  in  the  1942 
Rose  Bowl  game.  He  served  in  World  War  II  as  an 
Army  second  lieutenant  and  was  a  captain  in  Ger- 
many during  the  Korean  War.  A  hospital  administra- 
tor in  Virginia,  he  served  on  the  boards  of  Blue  Cross- 
Blue  Shield  of  Virginia,  the  Petersburg  Chamber  of 
Commerce,  Petersburg  YMCA,  and  F&M  Bank.  He  is 
survived  by  a  daughter,  two  sons,  four  sisters,  and  four 
brothers. 


42  of  New  York  City  on  Sept. 
18,  1988.  She  worked  as  an  artist  and  a  teacher. 

Earl  R.  "Dutch"  Hostetter  '43  on  Oct.  10, 
1991.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Anne. 

John  K.  Hill  '44  of  Parsippany,  N.J.,  on  June  27. 
He  is  survived  by  his  wile,  Marjorie,  three  sons,  and 
four  grandchildren. 

Lester  Honig  M.D.  '44  of  New  York  City,  on  July 
5.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Ethelyn,  two  daughters, 
a  brother,  and  two  grandchildren. 


Sackett  Johnston  '44  of  Saint  Charles, 
Mo.,  on  March  31. 

Frances  V.  Thackston  '44  of  Durham,  on  July 
13.  A  retired  librarian,  she  worked  for  the  University 
of  Maryland  and  the  Library  of  Congress.  She  is 
survived  by  a  sister,  Kathryn  Thackston 
Gurley  '46. 

R.  Mclntyre  Bridges  '45,  M.D.  '53  of  Minden, 
La.,  after  a  lengthy  illness.  He  was  a  general  surgeon 
in  Minden  for  35  years.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Eugenia,  four  sons,  and  five  grandchildren. 

Jane  Bason  Abernethy  '46  of  Charlotte,  N.C, 
on  June  26.  She  graduated  from  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania.  A  homemaker,  she  was  a  volunteer 
with  the  Shepherd's  Center  and  Carolinas  Medical 
Center.  She  is  survived  by  her  husband,  Carroll,  a 
daughter,  two  brothers,  and  three  grandchildren. 

James  H.  Zumberge  '46  of  Los  Angeles  on 
April  15.  He  was  president  emeritus  of  the  University 
of  Southern  California. 

Wayne  Bayless  '47  of  San  Francisco,  on  April  8. 
A  World  War  II  veteran,  he  had  been  in  private  med- 
ical practice  until  retiring  in  1991.  He  is  survived  by 
three  brothers. 


R.  Fritz  Jr.  '47  of  Brooklyn,  N.Y.,  on  June 
13,  1991.  A  graduate  of  the  Philadelphia  College  of 
Osteopathic  Medicine,  he  was  a  general  practice 
physician  for  38  years.  He  is  survived  by  a  brother, 


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Title 

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2701  Pickett  Road 

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(919)  490-8000 


Wilton  G.  Fritz  '42,  M.D.  '44. 


abs"  Jester  '47  of  Southern  Pines, 
N.C.,  on  June  12,  of  lung  cancer.  A  past  editor  at  a 
Washington,  D.C.,  think  tank,  she  was  an  active 
volunteer  with  the  Episcopal  church  both  in  Virginia 
and  North  Carolina,  was  on  the  board  of  directors  of 
the  Penick  Home  for  the  Aging  in  Southern  Pines, 
and  was  president  of  the  Woodlake  Women's  Golf 
Association.  She  is  survived  by  her  husband,  John, 
two  sons,  three  daughters,  including  Patricia 
Pearson  Stock  '81,  and  three  grandchildren. 

James  F.  Nash  Jr.  '47  of  Huntington,  W.Va., 
on  June  1. 

John  Thomas  Thurner  M.F.  '47  on  May  5, 
1991.  Before  a  career  in  the  paper  industry,  he  served 
as  a  Marine  during  World  War  II,  attaining  the  rank 
of  major  after  action  in  the  South  Pacific.  He  is  sur- 
vived by  his  wife,  Dorothy,  and  two  children. 

Muriel  McDermott  Wallace  '47  of  Greenville, 
S.C.,  on  April  29.  She  was  a  retired  serials  coordina- 
tor for  the  Greenville  County  Library.  She  is  survived 
by  two  daughters  and  one  granddaughter. 


H.  Barbara  Eckert  B.S.N.Ed.  '50  of  Northport, 
N.Y.,onMay9. 

Harold  B.  Thompson  '50  of  Decatur,  Ga.,  on 
April  25.  A  graduate  of  Emory  University's  law 
school,  he  was  a  partner  in  the  law  firm  Thompson  & 
Bonner,  P.C.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Elizabeth 
"Betz"  Russell  Thompson  '52,  three  children, 
a  sister,  and  two  brothers,  including  William  W. 
Thompson  '42,  M.D.  '47. 

John  L.  Nichols  '52  of  Allen  Park,  Mich.,  on 
Feb.  12.  He  had  retired  from  Delmar  Studio.  He  is 
survived  by  his  wife,  Dorothy;  two  daughters,  includ- 
ing Kathleen  Nichols  Eyles  '61;  a  sister, 

Carol  Kuhn  B.H.S.  '77;  and  five  grandchildren. 

Leon  E.  Beavers  Ph.D.  '55  of  Irondequoit,  N.Y., 
on  March  31,  of  a  long-time  heart  ailment.  He  served 
in  the  Army  Air  Corps  during  World  War  II  and 
landed  with  the  Marines  at  Iwo  Jima.  He  earned  his 
bachelor's  in  chemistry  and  worked  for  American 
Cyanamid  Research  Labs  before  coming  to  Duke, 
where  he  was  elected  to  Phi  Beta  Kappa.  He  and  his 
wife,  Dorothy  Johnson  Beavers  Ph.D.  '55, 
were  the  first  husband-and-wife  doctoral  research 
team  at  Kodak's  Research  Labs,  where  they  developed 
several  color  film  processes.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
a  son,  and  two  brothers. 

Claude  Wallace  Vickers  J.D.  '55  of  Durham 
on  June  1 .  He  received  his  bachelor's  from  UNC- 
Chapel  Hill  before  earning  his  Duke  law  degree,  and 
was  a  member  of  both  the  N.C.  and  American  bar 
associations.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Lib,  a  daugh- 
ter, two  grandsons,  his  sister,  and  a  brother, 
Vickers  B.S.E.E. '41. 


Wray  Jr.  '55  of  Charlotte,  N.C,  on 
June  17.  The  retired  president  of  Wray-Ward-Laseter 
Advertising,  he  was  the  former  president  of  the  Ad- 
vertising Club  of  Charlotte  and  chaired  the  Carolinas 
Council  of  the  American  Association  of  Advertising 
Agencies.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Jackie,  a  daugh- 
ter, Susan  Wray  '75,  his  father,  and  his  sister. 


Sr.B.S.M.E.'56ofKem- 
ersville,  N.C,  on  June  30.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Ann,  a  daughter,  a  son,  and  five  grandchildren. 

John  Roy  Beck  B.S.E.E.  '57  of  Seattle,  Wash.,  on 
Nov.  11, 1991.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Kay. 


Jr.  M.D.  '57  of  Hickory,  N.C, 
on  May  22.  He  was  chairman  of  family  practice  at 
Catawba  Memorial  Hospital  and  served  on  the  board 
of  Humana  Hospital.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Nancy. 

Ann  McNamara  Mclntyre  '61  of  Lexington, 


N.C,  on  June  27,  from  injuries  resulting  from  a  fall  at 
her  lake  house.  She  earned  her  master's  at  UNC- 
Greensboro  and  taught  at  N.  Davidson  Senior  High 
School  between  1962  and  1965.  She  was  an  interior 
decorator.  She  served  on  the  first  Mayor's  Committee 
for  the  Preservation  of  Downtown  Lexington,  and  was 
vice  chairman  for  the  Lexington  Civic  Center,  and 
was  a  member  of  the  board  of  directors  of  the  David- 
son County  Domestic  Violence  Services.  She  is  sur- 
vived by  her  husband,  Fred  H.  Mclntyre  Jr. 
B.S.C.E.  '59;  two  sons,  including  Fred  H.  Mcln- 
tyre III  '89;  a  brother;  and  two  sisters. 

Francis  A.  D'Anzi  A.M.  '63,  Ph.D.  '67  of  New 
Orleans,  on  April  24,  1989.  He  was  director  of  the 
Psychiatric  Medicine  Center  of  West  Jefferson  Med- 
ical Center  in  New  Orleans  and  was  the  incoming 
president  of  the  New  Orleans  Area  Psychiatric  Asso- 
ciation. He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Edana,  a  son,  two 
daughters,  his  mother,  and  two  grandchildren. 

Robin  Wade  Hurley  B.D.  '63  of  Winston-Salem, 
N.C,  on  May  24.  He  was  a  minister  for  several  N.C. 
Methodist  churches.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Dorothy,  two  daughters,  three  grandchildren,  and 
one  sister. 

Joseph  Howard  Kinkle  M.Div.  '63  of  Laurin- 
burg,  N.C,  on  May  3. 

Arthur  C.  Roughtoh  '63  of  Aubumdale,  Fla.,  on 
May  29. 

G.T.  Reiber  M.Ed.  '67  of  Mayfield  Village,  Ohio, 
on  Feb.  14,  1991. 

James  H.  Ebron  '69,  J.D.  '72  of  Morristown, 
N.J.,onNov.  7,  1991. 

Thomas  D.  Hibler  '69,  M.D.  '73  of  San  Pedro, 
Calif.,  on  April  14.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Susan. 


Amot  '70  of  Kerrville,  Texas,  on  March 
29.  At  Duke,  she  was  a  member  of  Kappa  Kappa 
Gamma.  She  is  survived  by  three  aunts,  a  stepbrother, 
a  stepsister,  and  several  cousins. 

ne  Cheung  '87  on  May  19. 


Medical  Professor  Goldwater 

Leonard  Goldwater,  a  professor  emeritus  at  Duke 
and  Columbia  universities  and  a  pioneering  scientist 
in  occupational  medicine  and  mercury  toxicity  stud- 
ies, died  July  2  in  Durham  of  cancer.  He  was  89. 

His  contributions  include  pioneering  work  in  occu- 
pational medicine  with  New  York's  Department  of 
Labor  in  the  1930s  and  the  U.S.  Navy  during  World 
War  II.  After  retiring  from  Columbia,  he  came  to 
Duke  and  started  the  division  of  occupational  and 
environmental  medicine  in  1970. 

Goldwater  was  best  known  for  his  voice  of  reason 
during  the  mercury  scare  of  the  early  1970s,  when 
high  levels  of  the  potentially  toxic  metal  were  found 
in  fish.  The  author  of  Mercury;  A  History  of  Quicksil- 
ver, he  had  more  than  150  scientific  articles  to  his 
credit.  He  was  also  a  consultant  to  industry,  govern- 
mental agencies,  and  the  World  Health  Organization. 

He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Margaret. 

Microbiology  Professor  Jones 

Claudius  Parks  Jones  Sr.,  a  retired  professor  at  the 
Duke  School  of  Medicine,  died  August  18  at  his 
Durham  home.  He  was  83. 

Jones  joined  the  Duke  microbiology  faculty  in  the 
early  1930s,  later  joining  the  obstetrics  and  gynecol- 
ogy department  and  setting  up  Duke's  microbiology 
laboratory.  During  his  forty-year  Duke  career,  he  con- 
tributed to  the  study  of  female  infections. 

He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Lela,  and  a  sister. 

Anatomy  Professor  Everett 

John  W.  Everett,  a  professor  emeritus  at  Duke's 
medical  school,  died  August  24  at  his  Durham  home. 
He  was  86. 

Everett  earned  his  bachelor's  from  Michigan's 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


Olivet  College  and  his  doctorate  from  Yale.  He  came 
to  Duke  in  1932  as  an  anatomy  instructor  and  spent 
44  years  in  the  field  of  neuroendocrinology. 

His  contributions  to  the  study  of  the  hypothalamo- 
pituitary-ovarian  system  and  the  physiology  of  repro- 
duction earned  him  the  Sir  Henry  Dale  Medal  in 
1977,  one  of  England's  highest  scientific  honors,  and 
the  Fred  Konrad  Koch  Medal  of  the  Endocrine  Soci- 
ety, a  comparable  American  accolade. 

He  retired  from  the  medical  center  in  1976  as  a 
professor  emeritus  of  anatomy.  When  the  anatomy 
department  was  reorganized  in  198S,  Everett  became 
professor  emeritus  of  neurobiology. 

He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Marian,  daughter 
Janice  E.  Rideout  '61,  a  son,  a  sister,  nine 
grandchildren,  and  two  great-grandchildren. 

Music  Professor  Bone 

Allan  H.  Bone,  well-known  symphony  conductor, 
musician,  and  founding  member  of  Duke's  music 
department,  died  August  25  at  his  Durham  home, 
following  complications  from  Parkinson's  disease.  He 
was  76. 

A  clarinetist  and  conductor  by  training,  Bone 
earned  his  bachelor's  from  the  University  of  Wiscon- 
sin and  his  master's  in  music  theory  from  the  Eastman 
School  of  Music. 

Bone,  who  taught  at  Duke  for  forty-three  years,  was 
instrumental  in  the  formation  of  the  music  depart- 
ment in  1960,  when  it  was  sepatated  from  the  depart- 
ment of  aesthetics,  art,  and  music.  Department  chair- 
man from  1960  through  1966  and  in  1973-74,  he 
helped  develop,  plan,  and  dedicate  the  Mary  Duke 
Biddle  Music  Building,  which  opened  in  1974. 

Credited  with  the  formation  of  the  Ciompi  Quar- 
tet, Bone  was  also  the  first  conductor  of  the  Durham 
Civic  Choral  Society  and  conductor  of  the  Duke 
Symphony  Orchestra,  a  group  he  led  for  thirty-six 
years  before  retiring  in  1983  as  professor  emeritus  of 
music. 

He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Dorothy,  a  son,  a  daugh- 
ter, and  two  grandchildren. 

Divinity  Professor  Kale 

William  Arthur  Kale  '25,  B.D  '3 1 ,  professor  emeri- 
tus of  Christian  education,  died  August  27  at  the 
Methodist  Retirement  Home  in  Durham.  He  was  88. 

Bom  in  Winston-Salem,  N.C,  and  raised  in 
Asheville,  Kale  studied  at  Yale  Divinity  School  dur- 
ing 1927-28.  In  1950,  High  Point  College  awarded 
him  an  honorary  doctor  of  divinity  degree. 

Kale  joined  the  Duke  Divinity  School  faculty  in 
1952  and  was  appointed  director  of  field  education  in 
1958.  After  retirement  in  1973,  Kale  taught  for  a  year 
at  Chung  Chi  College  in  Hong  Kong.  In  1982,  he  was 
awarded  one  of  the  first  Charles  A.  Dukes  Awards  for 
Outstanding  Volunteer  Service  to  Duke. 

He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Ruth,  son  Thomas  S. 
Kale  '61,  two  grandsons,  and  a  sister. 

Religion  Professor  Bradley 

David  Gilbert  Bradley,  a  religion  professor  at  Duke 
for  thirty-seven  years,  died  September  19  in  Durham. 
He  was  73. 

He  earned  his  bachelor's  from  the  University  of 
Southern  California,  attended  Garrett  Theological 
Seminary,  and  received  his  doctorate  from  Yale.  He 
taught  religion  at  Duke  from  1949  until  retiring  in 
1986. 

He  was  a  founding  member  of  the  Durham  Savo- 
yards, which  presents  a  Gilbert  and  Sullivan  musical 
each  year.  He  also  served  on  the  Durham  Arts  Coun- 
cil's board  and  was  a  member  of  the  Durham  Civic 
Choral  Society. 

He  was  a  founding  member  of  the  American  Soci- 
ety for  the  Study  of  Religion  and  editor  of  its  newslet- 
ter for  twenty  years.  The  author  of  several  books  and 
articles,  he  was  listed  in  Who's  Who  in  America. 

He  is  sunned  by  his  wife,  Lorene,  a  daughter,  two 
stepchildren,  a  brother,  two  sisters,  and  three  grand- 
children. 


CLASSIFIEDS 


RESORTS/TRAVEL 


ARROWHEAD  INN,  Durham's  country  bed  and 
breakfast.  Restored  1775  plantation  on  four  rural 
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boat  basin.  Non-smokers.  (305)  665-3832. 


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bed  and  breakfast  less  than  a  mile  from  Duke,  offering 

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swimming  and  snorkeling.  John  Krampf  '69,  812  W. 
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4430  (home)  or  (215)  963-5501  (office). 

HILLSBOROUGH  HOUSE  INN  bed/breakfast.  15 
minutes  from  Duke.  Gracious  Italianate  mansion. 
Seven  acres.  Historic  district.  209  E.  Tryon  St.,  Hills- 
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Webb,  innkeeper. 

ST.  JOHN,  USV1:  GALLOWS  POINT.  One-bedroom 
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(508)  228-5488  owner. 


FOR  RENT 

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FOR  SALE 


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GRASS  COURT  COLLECTION  (Since  1982): 
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ANARCHIST  AT 
THE  ARCHIVE? 


If  you  believe  writer  and  social  critic 
H.L.  Mencken,  Duke  University  in  the 
1930s  was  on  the  threshold  of  greatness. 
All  the  university  needed,  wrote  Mencken 
in  The  American  Mercury,  was  "a  few  first- 
class  funerals." 

In  1934,  ten  years  after  tobacco  magnate 
James  Buchanan  Duke  established  the  $40- 
million  Duke  Endowment,  which  marked 
the  formal  transition  between  Trinity  Col- 
lege and  Duke  University,  the  school's 
metamorphosis  was  continuing  at  a  rapid 
pace.  With  the  opening  of  the  Gothic-style 
West  Campus  in  1930  and  the  simultaneous 
establishment  of  the  coordinate  Woman's 
College,  as  well  as  an  effort  to  attract  stu- 
dents from  all  over  the  United  States,  Duke 
seemingly  had  made  great  strides  toward 
becoming  a  national  university. 

But  according  to  one  student  of  the  time, 
Richard  A.  Smith  '35,  Duke  in  the  Thir- 
ties was  under  the  dangerous  influence  of  a 
provincialism  that  threatened  to  stunt  its 
early  growth.  Duke's  top  administrators,  a 
triumvirate  composed  of  President  William 
Preston  Few,  Vice  President  Robert  Flowers, 
and  Dean  William  Wannamaker,  seemed 
unwilling,  says  Smith,  "to  adjust  them- 
selves to  running  a  big  university  instead 
of  a  small  college." 

According  to  Smith,  who  was  editor  of 
the  campus  literary  magazine,  The  Archive, 
his  publication  "took  up  the  cudgels  to 
hasten  the  metamorphosis"  to  a  large  uni- 
versity. After  a  ruling  by  Dean  Wanna- 
maker that  voided  the  trial  of  a  student  of- 
fender because  the  dean  himself  was  not 
present  at  the  meeting  of  the  students' 
judiciary  board,  sparks  flew  among  the  stu- 
dent body.  A  telegram  written  by  Smith 
and  other  campus  leaders  was  issued  to  the 
board  of  trustees  in  February  1934,  pro- 
claiming, "Real  universities  do  not  treat 
student  opinion  with  contempt."  When 
this  was  ignored,  a  Committee  for  Investiga- 
tion and  Recommendation  on  Student  Af- 
fairs (CIRSA),  composed  of  campus  lead- 
ers, two  faculty  members,  and  football 
coach  Wallace  Wade,  continued  the 
charges  against  the  Duke  administration 
with  a  series  of  proposals  for  reforming  the 
relationship  between  students  and  the 
administration. 


"It  was  a  time  of 
the  grudging,  glacial 
evolution  of  a  small 
provincial  college  in- 
to a  great  university," 
recalls  Smith,  who  is 
now  retired  and  living 
in  Noank,  Connecti- 
cut. "The  adminis- 
tration, all  hold-overs 
from  Old  Trinity, 
seemed  to  see  them- 
selves more  menaced 

by  their  new  opportunities  than  able  to 
make  the  most  of  them. 

"Our  student  commitee  pressed  a  lum- 
bering administration  with  a  series  of  de- 
mands: a  relaxation  of  their  control  over 
the  board  that  elected  student  editors  and 
business  managers,  a  revamped  Pan  Hel- 
lenic charter,  a  new  constitution  for  stu- 
dent government,  and  curbs  on  campus 
police.  Coupled  with  my  criticisms  in  the 
magazine,  it  was  enough  to  have  a  singu- 
larly humorless  administration  throwing 
their  collective  aprons  over  their  heads." 

Eventually,  the  administration  acquiesced 
to  all  but  one  of  the  demands,  holding  firm 
to  their  control  over  student  publications. 
And  their  purposes  were  clear,  says  Smith. 
"The  issue  was  this:  We  didn't  want  the 
administration  to  sit  on  student  publica- 
tions boards;  they  didn't  want  to  have  stu- 
dents electing  their  own  successors." 

And  they  especially  didn't  want  Smith 
to  remain  an  influential  campus  figure.  As 
a  result  of  the  recommendations  published 
by  CIRSA,  the  administration  prevented 
all  non-graduating  student  members  of  the 
committee,  including  Smith,  from  being  re- 
elected to  their  respective  campus  offices. 
Headlines  in  a  local  newspaper,  the  Dur- 
ham State  Progress,  in  May  1934  shrieked, 
"Richard  Smith,  editor  of  best  Archive'  on 
record,  is  ousted." 

Called  before  Dean  Wannamaker,  Smith 
was  informed  that  he  would  not  be  al- 
lowed to  return  to  Duke  if  he  continued 
criticizing  the  administration.  "When  I 
openly  accused  him  of  this  before  the  Pub- 
lications Board,"  Smith  recalls,  "he  re- 
sponded that  his  only  concern  had  been  for 
my  health;  thinking  me  a  bit  peaked,  he 
had  merely  suggested  that  'a  college  further 
south'  would  restore  me  to  health  and 
vigor." 

In  the  issue  of  The  Archive  dated  May 


1934,  Smith  added 
fuel  to  the  fire  with 
an  editorial  that 
characterized  Duke  as 
being  "a  shell,"  "full 
of  deadwood,"  and 
possessing  an  admin- 
istration that  "med- 
dles in  student  af- 
fairs." Then,  getting 
ready  to  leave  Duke  at 
Last  hurrah:  Smith  and  Archive  in  1934  Chanticleer    j-J^g  enc|  of  the  vear 

he  returned  to  the 
Archive  office  to  find  the  locks  changed 
and  a  security  guard  who  ordered  him  to 
report  to  President  Few  immediately. 

"Dr.  Few  came  to  the  point  at  once:  If  I 
wanted  to  return  to  Duke  for  my  senior 
year,  I  would  have  to  write  him  a  letter  of 
apology,  of  retraction.  'What  should  I 
retract?'  I  asked.  He  said  he  would  leave 
that  up  to  me;  the  letter  would  not  be 
made  public;  it  would  just  be  put  in  the 
safe  and  kept  there  to  insure  my  'good 
behavior'  in  1935. 

"I  had  a  very  clear  presentiment  as  I  sat 
there  in  his  office  that  this  might  be  one  of 
the  few  times  in  my  life  when  I  could 
afford  to  make  the  choice  I  wanted  to 
make.  And  if  I  didn't  make  the  right 
choice,  then  it  would  haunt  me  through  a 
thousand  other  choices  I  might  have  to 
make  under  even  more  adverse  circum- 
stances. So  I  refused,  and  did  it  with  satis- 
faction, even  though  the  Depression  was 
hard  upon  the  country  and  refusal  meant 
hunting  for  a  job  at  once. 

"That  early  experience  armed  me  more 
than  any  course  for  whatever  success  I  have 
enjoyed  as  an  investigative  journalist  after 
Duke,"  says  Smith.  And  his  success  is  well- 
documented:  an  editor  at  Fortune  for  two 
decades,  author  of  several  books,  and  recip- 
ient of  the  Loeb  Award  for  Distinguished 
Writing  in  1962,  Smith  got  a  head-start  on 
a  career  in  journalism  on  principle  alone, 
without  a  Duke  degree  in  hand. 

He  says  his  most-formative  Duke  experi- 
ence was  a  highly  constructive  one:  "The 
forces  that  make  a  wreck  of  your  world  can 
also  generate  the  energies  to  build  it  on 
higher  ground.  Nothing  may  succeed  like 
success,  but  nothing  illuminates  like  fail- 
ure. Or  a  dishonoring  choice  pressed  on 
me  by  William  Preston  Few." 

— Jonathan 


32 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


THE  EVIDENCE 
IS  IN  THE  OVEN 


In  1989,  Mark  McSweeney 
'80,  then  a  public  defender  for 
the  city  of  St.  Louis,  traded  in 
his  legal  pad  for  a  rolling  pin  and 
his  briefcase  for  an  apron.  With 
his  wife,  Dianne,  he  opened  a 
franchise  of  the  Great  Harvest 
Bread  Company  in  Indianapolis. 
Now,  three  years  later,  instead  of 
balancing  the  scales  of  justice, 
McSweeney  is  more  concerned 
with  the  scales  he  uses  to  mea- 
sure flour.  And  it's  safe  to  say 
that  the  McSweeneys  are  rolling 
in  the  dough  in  their  three  Indi- 
anapolis locations. 

"I  never  liked  being  a  lawyer. 
It's  a  very  competitive  business 
and  I'm  not  the  aggressive,  com- 
petitive type,"  says  McSweeney. 
"A  public  defender's  job  is  very  interest- 
ing, but  very  stressful. 

"I'd  been  looking  for  a  career  change  for 
about  a  year,  but  I  didn't  have  a  clue  what 
I  could  do,"  he  says.  But  he  knew  he  had  to 
leave  the  bar:  On  a  career  test  McSweeney 
took  the  year  before  he  first  fired  up  the 
ovens,  the  profession  recommended  last 
was  that  of  lawyer.  Then,  as  luck  would 
have  it,  he  and  his  wife  "fell  in  love"  with 
the  bread  and  the  homey  atmosphere  of 
the  franchise  in  St.  Louis.  In  only  a  few 
months,  they  bought  their  own  store  from 
the  Dillon,  Montana,  owners  of  the  Great 
Harvest  Bread  Company  and  moved  to 
Dianne's  hometown  of  Indianapolis. 

McSweeney's  fascination  with  bread- 
baking  stems  from  his  days  at  Duke,  when 
he  studied  in  Germany  the  summer  before 
his  senior  year.  "I  ate  such  good  bread  there 
that,  when  I  came  back  to  Duke,  I  tried 
baking  it  on  my  own." 

Though  he  admits  his  first  loaves  were 
"pretty  good,"  he  says  the  thought  never 
crossed  his  mind  that  he  would  someday 
open  his  own  bakery.  After  Duke,  he  went 
on  to  law  school  at  Wake  Forest  Universi- 
ty "because  I  wanted  to  continue  being  a 
student  and  didn't  know  what  else  to  do." 

McSweeney  says  he  never  enjoyed  the 
cutthroat  battles  of  the  criminal  court- 
room. "In  the  five  years  that  I  was  a  lawyer, 
I  never  met  anyone  who  enjoyed  the  pro- 


fession." And,  he  adds,  his 
former  partners  and  friends 
are    envious    of   his 
career. 

certainly    don't    miss 
the  stress  of  being  a  lawyer,"  ^H| 

he  says,  "plus  I  don't  have  to  v; 

dress  up  in  a  suit  and  tie  every 
day.  Now  I  can  wear  blue  jeans 
and  T-shirts  to  work." 

Comfort  is  the  motto  of  the 
McSweeneys'  stores.  He  describes  them  as 
"being  full  of  antiques  and  having  a  real 
country,  homey  atmosphere."  Most  of  the 
customers,  he  says,  are  mothers  out  buying 
their  groceries  for  the  week  who  will  stop 
at  the  bakery  to  pick  up  their  bread  or 
baked  goods. 

Along  with  assorted  cookies  and  muf- 
fins, Great  Harvest  bakes  fifteen  types  of 
bread,  starting  from  the  same  basic  dough, 
which  is  made  from  only  five  ingredients: 
freshly-milled  whole-wheat  flour,  honey, 
yeast,  water,  and  salt.  Other  ingredients,  like 
sunflower  seeds  or  raisins,  cinnamon,  and 
walnuts,  are  then  mixed  into  the  dough  to 
create  the  different  varieties  of  loaves.  But 
there  have  been  a  few  trials,  so  to  speak, 


along  the  way.  "Our  sprouted 
wheat  bread  was  an  experiment 
that  failed,"  he  says.  "Three 
people  chipped  their  teeth  on 
the  loaves,  so  we  don't  make  it 
anymore." 

McSweeney  admits  it  was  a 
risk  to  quit  law  and  open  a  bak- 
ery. But,  he  says,  "I  knew  there 
was  a  market  for  good  bread." 
He  credits  the  success  of  Great 
Harvest  bread  to  the  high-pro- 
tein wheat  that's  trucked  in 
from  Montana,  and  describes 
the  bread  as  "very  cake-like  and 
moist."  In  fact,  he  says,  because 
the  flour  is  used  just  two  days 


after  it's  milled,  Great  Harvest  bread  will 
stay  fresh  for  up  to  ten  days. 

McSweeney  is  fired  up  over  the  prospect 
of  continued  expansion  of  the  bakery  busi- 
ness— and  he  says  he'd  never  go  back  to 
law.  As  his  local  newspaper  put  it,  the 
career  change  was  just  what  the  "lawyer- 
turned-baker  kneaded." 

— Jonathan  Douglas 


This  is  the  first  installment  of  a  department  that  will 
profile  Duke  alumni  ami  their  career  changes.  Sug- 
gestions for  "Transitions"  should  he  directed  to 
Jonathan  Douglas,  Editorial  Assistant,  Duke 
Magazine,  Box  90570,  Durham,  N.C.  27708- 
0570. 


N  ov  e  mber-D  e  c  t 


1992 


33 


OF  FACTS  AND 
FICTION 

Editors: 

I  don't  get  to  see  Duke  Magazine  very 
often  down  here,  so  when  I  do,  it's  a  gen- 
uine treat.  My  late  father  was  a  great  fan  of 
your  fine  university,  traveled  there  several 
times — often  for  football  games  during  the 
Duke-Pitt  rivalry  of  the  late  1930s — and 
probably  would  have  liked  to  send  his  son 
there.  But  economics  prevailed  and  I  hap- 
pily went  to  Pitt,  wandered  around  the 
world,  and  ended  up  in  Chile. 

I  was  disappointed  with  your  May-June 
number  because  of  the  unquestioning 
interview  of  Chilean  poet-playwright  Ariel 
Dorfman  ["The  Past  and  the  Playwright" 
by  Joan  Oleck].  There  is  too  much  facile 
acceptance  nowadays  of  what  celebrities 
say,  and  it  is  especially  sad  to  see  the  voice 
of  a  good  university  join  in  that  unreason- 
ing clamor.  Universities  and  their  presses 
ought  to  be  doubting  and  questioning,  not 
parroting  misinformation.  I'm  not  sure 
where  the  fault  lies — in  Dorfman's  exag- 
gerated desire  to  continue  to  hurt  the  peo- 
ple who  ruled  his  country  from  1973  to 
1991,  or  in  deck's  desire  to  season  her 
interview  with  salty  quotes. 

The  article  starts  out  wrong  with  the 
description  of  Dorfman's  wild  celebrims. 
He'd  better  stay  in  the  U.S.,  where  he  can 
rub  shoulders  with  the  biggies,  because 
there  aren't  many  of  them  down  here  that 
he'd  deign  to  name-drop! 

Then  comes  Dorfman's  either  ill- 
informed  or  intentionally  vicious  state- 
ment that  Salvador  Allende  "had  been 
buried  anonymously,  thrown  into  a  com- 
mon grave  by  the  sea."  Practically  every- 
one here  knows,  or  could  read  in  any  num- 
ber of  books,  that  he  was  interred  in  the 
Grove  family  (relatives)  plot  in  the  Val- 
paraiso Municipal  Cemetery  from  1973 
until  1990,  when  he  was  reburied  in  Santi- 
ago in  his  own  plot.  Dorfman  also  repeats 
the  old,  convenient  canard  that  Allende 
was  "murdered."  Even  his  wife,  Tencha 
Bussi,  on  arrival  in  Mexico  a  few  days  after 
his  death,  and  free  to  talk  and  tell  the 
truth,  confirmed  his  suicide  (with  the 
chromed  and  inscribed  submachine  gun 
Fidel  Castro  had  given  him),  but  then 
recanted  a  few  days  later  when  the  Left 
convinced  her  that  suicides  don't  make 


good  martyrs. 

Dorfman  talks  a  lot  about  burying  the 
past,  but  then  digs  it  up  again  and  again. 
He  should  try  living  in  the  newly  free 
Chile,  where  people  are  trying  seriously  to 
do  just  that.  When  Oleck  chooses  the 
word  "endured"  to  describe  Dorfman's  sev- 
enteen years  of  exile,  she  should  talk  not 
with  the  Altamiranos  and  others  who 
endured  Paris,  but  with  the  many  who 
stayed  on  in  Chile  to  take  the  risks  and 
make  the  daily  decisions  that  led  gradually 
and  eventually  to  a  lightening  and  then 
lifting  of  the  dictatorship.  Chile's  presi- 
dent, Patricio  Aylwin,  is  one  of  those.  But 
Dorfman  "tried  to  come  to  grips  with  the 
fate  of  his  compatriots  through  his  fiction." 

Ah,  there's  the  rub!  Fiction!  iMaldita 
fiction!  How  many  of  us  have  been  burned 
by  fiction,  when  just  a  few  words  of  truth 
would  have  been  better  for  Chile  and  for 
the  world?  But  poets,  be  they  word — and 
meter — mongers  or  playwrights  or  movie  di- 
rectors, have  made  it  clear  that  they  need 
not  be  burdened  by  the  albatross  of  truth. 

By  the  way,  Dorfman  and  Oleck  are  just 
one  generation  wrong  when  they  say  that 
Ed  Horman,  rather  than  his  son  Charles, 
disappeared  at  the  time  of  the  1973  coup. 
The  error  is  because  they  don't  read  words, 
just  ideas,  even  though  it  is  words  that  make 
language  and  permit  communication.  And 
they  repeat  the  convenient  lie  of  the 
"U.S. -engineered  coup,"  when  even  such  a 
sympathetic  (to  that  idea)  forum  as  the 
[U.S.  Senate's]  Church  Committee  said  it 
could  find  no  evidence  of  such  involve- 
ment. But  why  ruin  a  good  story  with  con- 
cern about  needless  details  such  as  the 
truth? 

It's  also  a  bit  shocking,  for  1992,  when 
Dorfman  continues  to  flog  anti-capitalism 
because  capitalism  "will  only  continue  the 
inequalities  that  have  plagued  Latin  Amer- 
ica for  centuries."  True,  capitalism  has 
been  bad  for  Latin  America,  but  what  has 
been  better?  Certainly  not  Allende's  brand 
of  socialism  that  bankrupted  Chile  and 
opened  the  doors  to  a  once-popular  mili- 
tary rule.  Absolutely  not  Castro's  version 
of  communism,  still  holding  out  for  a  system 
where  poets  are  jailed  because  they  call  for 
freedom  of  expression,  and  where  anti-air- 
craft guns  have  to  be  towed  by  bicycles  in 
the  commemoration  of  forty-plus  years  of 
mistaken  economics!  Dorfman  may  be  a 
great  poet  and  playwright,  but  spare  us  his 


economic  theories.  Where  would  Duke's 
endowment,  to  say  nothing  of  its  academic 
freedom,  be  under  Allende  or  Castro  or 
even  Brezhnev  or  Li  Peng? 

Perhaps  I  am  too  worried  about  poor 
Ariel  enduring  New  York  and  Durham 
and  "grappling  with  the  past  and  looking 
at  it  obliquely,"  instead  of  living  the  easy 
life  down  here  in  Chile.  Even  the  last 
paragraph  of  the  article  again  grated  me, 
with  its  use  of  the  plural  in  discussing  the 
transition  in  Chile.  We've  got  democracy 
back  and  we  are  doing  a  good  transition. 
Who's  "we,"  gringo  nuevot  There  are,  in- 
deed "costs  to  be  paid,"  but  Dorfman  is  not 
going  to  help  pay  them.  No,  he's  magnani- 
mously "prepared  to  tell  about  those  costs." 
He  even  ends  by  claiming  that  he  is  more 
aware  of  the  real  costs  than  are  "people  in 
Chile."  Come  on,  Duke,  get  with  the  real 
world!  Ariel  Dorfman  may  be  a  terrific  fic- 
tionist,  but  he's  not  real. 

Sometimes  I  think  I  liked  poets  more 
when  they  talked  about  daffodils. 

Frederick  D.  Purdy 
Santiago,  Chile 


CITING  DIFFERENT 
SOURCES 


Editors: 

In  the  July-August  edition  of  Duke  Mag- 
azine is  an  article  about  the  kind  of  history 
being  taught  at  the  university  at  this  time. 

Professor  Anne  F.  Scott  states  that  the 
Southern  women  should  not  have  support- 
ed their  soldier  husbands  in  the  Civil  War, 
and  that  women  were  mistreated.  Professor 
William  Chafe  states  that  the  fact  that 
Martin  Luther  King  Jr.  was  immoral  and 
unprincipled  only  made  him  "more  inter- 
esting," i.e.,  condoning  it. 

My  mother's  grandparents  came  from 
Virginia.  She  said  that  the  women  missed 
some  of  the  niceties  they  had  had  in  Vir- 
ginia but  there  never  was  an  indication 
that  they  were  mistreated.  I  saw  some  of 
their  letters  and  they  wrote  about  how 
they  loved  each  other. 

I  think  Duke  has  too  many  activist 
teachers  who  are  bent  on  being  "politically 
correct." 


34 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


Some  of  the  statements  by  Professor 
Wood  are  not  even  correct.  General 
Custer  is  not  considered  a  hero.  It  is  well 
known  that  he  was  publicity  hungry,  fool- 
hardy, and  inept.  And  to  say  that  Christo- 
pher Columbus  was  not  a  hero  because  the 
Europeans  fought  the  Indians  is  hypercriti- 
cal and  unwarranted. 

I  do  not  want  the  children  in  our  family 
to  attend  Duke  now. 

Clyde  O.  Brindley  M.D.  '43 
San  Saba,  Texas 

Editors: 

One  of  the  hallmarks  of  the  Duke 
department  of  history  down  the  years  has 
been  its  excellence  in  asking  new  ques- 
tions of  the  past  in  order  to  broaden  his- 
torical viewpoints.  The  success  of  the 
"new  social"  historians  at  Duke  and  else- 
where ["Filling  in  History's  Gaps,"  July- 
August]  is  the  most  recent  example. 

Unfortunately,  your  portrayal  of  those 
new  social  historians  who  now  domi- 
nate^— i.e.,  control — the  current  depart- 
ment is  so  antiseptic  as  to  be  "bad  history." 
In  fact,  the  new  social  history,  much  more 
than  a  school  of  historical  thought,  has 
been  part  of  the  larger  social  revolutionary 
movement  in  this  country  dating  from  the 


unhappy  Vietnam  era  and  has  lingered 
longer  in  the  universities  than  anywhere 
else.  The  practitioners  of  this  new  social 
history  set  out  to  dominate  the  profession 
and  have  largely  succeeded. 

Now  that  they  are  in  power,  however, 
like  most  successful  modern  revolutionar- 
ies, they  have  installed  a  virtual  dictator- 
ship that  is  impatient — no,  intolerant — of 
other  methodologies  or  points  of  historical 
view  which  they  believe  might  threaten 
their  regime.  At  once  both  sanctimonious 
and  mean,  they  have  fallen  into  the  bald 
hypocrisy  of  becoming  every  bit  as  arro- 
gant— some  might  say  worse — as  the  older 
schools  of  history  that  they  originally  chal- 
lenged. Duke's  history  department  is  not 
alone  but  certainly  at  the  forefront — Col- 
gate University  comes  to  mind  as  a  compa- 
rable, affluent  insitution  with  a  majority  of 
similarly  cast  historians.  Such  new  social 
historians  do  not  make  the  way  easy  for 
scholars  of  different  mode;  to  each  other 
they  even  admit  that  a  perfect  profession 
would  be  absolutely  monopolized  by  social 
history. 

While  their  contributions  to  new  knowl- 
edge are  beyond  reproach,  their  politiciza- 
tion  of  the  profession  is  reprehensible.  For 
the  new  social  historians  preach  the  pre- 
tentious message  that  their  work  will  not 


only  give  a  truer  view  of  the  past  but  in 
doing  so  will  find  political,  economic,  and 
social  solutions  with  which  to  save  the 
world  from  its  ills.  What  they  examine  are 
three  general  categories  of  subjects:  the 
poverty-stricken,  exploited,  disenfranchised, 
ignored,  and  oppressed;  the  ignorant,  uned- 
ucated, and  dull-witted;  and  the  illegiti- 
mate, outcast,  and  criminal — in  sum  and 
more  boldly,  the  losers.  All  such  victims  of 
society's  sins  and  failings  certainly  do 
deserve  close  historical  examination,  but 
to  seek  in  them  panaceas  either  for  the 
problems  of  the  present  world  or  for  a  full, 
balanced  understanding  of  the  past  is  naive 
and  therefore  misguided. 

Human  nature  does  not  change,  as  all 
but  the  most  self-deluded  historians  know 
very  well.  People  seek — and  abuse — 
power,  historians  among  them.  The  new 
social  historians  are  guilty  of  such  abuse  in 
their  profession.  They  ought  best  end  their 
hypocrisy  and  right  the  balance  by  hiring 
equal  numbers  of  historians  whose  intellec- 
tual strengths  lie  elsewhere  than  the  new 
social  history — political,  economic,  intel- 
lectual, diplomatic-military  historians — 
and  who  need  not  be  "politically  correct" 
by  succumbing  to  any  intellectual  tyranny. 
Until  this  happens,  the  new  social  histori- 
ans— like  the  late  politically  revolutionary 


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November-December    1992 


governments  of  Eastern  Europe — may  sud- 
denly find  themselves  irrelevant. 

Social  history  is  no  more  important 
than  any  other  specialization  in  the  field, 
nor  are  its  practitioners. 

Clark  G.  Reynolds  Ph.D.  '64 
History  Department 
University  of  Charleston 
Charleston,  South  Carolina 

Because  of  an  editing  error,  "Filling  in  History's 
Gaps"  referred  incorrectly  to  "hundreds"  of 
Native  Americans  "who  died  from  European 
diseases  and  conquering  zeal";  the  actual  figure, 
of  course,  would  be  in  the  tens  of  thousands. 


RECEPTION 

RUDE 

Editors: 

I  was  appalled  at  the  recounting  Quly- 
August]  of  Pat  Buchanan's  speech  at  Duke 
in  which  "a  coordinated  protest... inter- 
rupted Buchanan  six  times. ..." 

Is  the  university  so  "politically  correct" 
that  it  has  lost  all  sense  of  courtesy,  public 


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order,  and  free  speech?  Why  weren't  these 
students  ejected? 

Duke  University  seems  to  have  lost  its 
roots. 

Rob  Barber  '50 
Gulfport,  Miss. 


PROXIMITY 
INAPPROPRIATE 


Editors: 

Why  not  tell  it  like  it  is? 

Landfill  Not  Likely  [July-August]  could 
have  avoided  the  NIMBY  syndrome  by 
simply  recognizing  that  universities  and 
landfills,  two  necessary  and,  in  the  case  of 
the  university,  desirable  facilities  are  not 
compatible.  Consequently,  neither  should 
be  located  next  to  the  other.  If  avoidable, 
one  would  not  locate  a  hospital  next  to  a 
boiler  factory. 

Instead  of  being  straightforward,  we 
resort  to  the  classic  defense  of  "suitability" 
and  take  refuge  in  defective  soil  structure, 
destruction  of  wildlife  habitat,  and  elimi- 
nation of  "endangered"  species  (shades  of 
the  snail  darter!).  For  an  educated  institu- 
tion, and  I  hope  Duke  is  that,  to  engage  in 
the  "environmentally  correct"  response 
serves  only  to  enhance  skepticism  in  the 
eyes  of  the  "street  smart"  public  and  solidi- 
fy the  NIMBY  concept. 

Edward  D.  Mosser  Jr.  '48 
Cadiz,  Ohio 


SENSITIVE  TO 
SURVIVORS 


Editors: 

Many  fine  articles  in  many  fine  issues 
have  come  and  gone,  and  I  have  consis- 
tently enjoyed  reading  the  magazine.  It  is 
no  surprise  to  me  that  Duke  Magazine  has 
been  the  recipient  of  so  many  awards,  and 
I  salute  you  for  the  sustained  quality  of  the 
university's  flagship  communique. 

I  write  today  with  a  special  salute.  In  a 
recent  issue,  an  obituary  appeared  for 
Christopher  R.  Naylor  78,  who  died  of 
AIDS,  in  which  was  named  his  "compan- 
ion of  five  years"  in  addition  to  the  (tradi- 
tional) mention  of  Mr.  Naylor's  parents 
and  siblings.  You  are  to  be  commended  for 
honoring  Mr.  Naylor  and  his  partner  by 
naming  that  partner  and  for  naming  him 
first  among  those  who  survived  Mr.  Naylor. 


In  doing  so,  you  send  a  clear  and  simple 
message  that  the  death  of  loved  ones  from 
AIDS  very  often  leaves  behind  the  griev- 
ing partner,  gay  or  not.  I  hope  this  practice 
continues  in  the  magazine  and  is  extended 
to  gay  men  and  women  whose  causes  of 
death  are  less  political  than  those  brought 
about  by  AIDS. 

Christopher  A.  Hest  '80 
San  Francisco,  California 


OFF  BY 
ONE 


Editors: 

Stephen  Nathans'  splendid  article, 
"From  Hardbacks  to  Hardware,"  which  ap- 
peared in  the  July-August  issue  of  your 
magazine,  vividly  portrays  the  era  of  elec- 
tronic-media publishing.  In  referring  to 
The  English  Poetry  Full-Text  Database  as  the 
Perkins  Library's  four-millionth  volume, 
Mr.  Nathans  was,  however,  off  by  one;  the 
database  was  the  library's  four-million- 
and-first  acquisition. 

The  four-millionth  acquisition  was  the 
1633  edition  of  John  Donne's  Poems,  By 
J.D.  With  elegies  on  the  authors  death. 
Donne's  Poems  and  four  other  rare  editions 
of  English  poetry  were  a  gift  to  the  library 
from  the  E.  Rhodes  and  Leona  B.  Carpen- 
ter Foundation.  University  Librarian  Jerry 
Campbell  wrote  in  his  introduction  of  the 
keepsake  volume  printed  for  the  four-mil- 
lionth volume  celebration,  "Together,  these 
five  historic  volumes  and  the  compact  disk 
signify  for  us  both  legacy  and  promise. 
These  poems  will  live  on.  For  these  great 
works  as  for  the  human  spirit,  the  twilight 
of  this  century  brings  the  predawn  of  the 
twenty-first." 

You  may  wish  to  note  also  the  titles  of 
the  earlier  "millionth"  volumes: 

•  Three  million:  Samuel  Purchas.  Pur- 
chas  his  Pilgrimes  and  Purchas  his  Pilgrimage. 
London,  printed  by  William  Stansby  for 
Henrie  Fetherstone,  1625-1626. 

•  Two  million:  Pliny  the  Elder.  Natu- 
ralis  Historia.  Parma,  1476. 

•  One  million:  John  Rudolff  Ochs. 
Americaniscrier  Wegweiser;  oder  Kurtze  and 
Eigentliche  Beschreibung  der  Englischen  Prov- 
intzen  in  Nord-Amerika,  sonderlich  aber  der 
Landschafft  Carolina.  Bern,  1711. 

B.  Ilene  Nelson 

Bibliographer, 

English  and  American  Literature 

Perkins  Library 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


DIRECTIONS 


A 


round  the  hallowed 
halls  of  some  of  the 
nation's  most  presti- 
gious colleges  and 
universities,  certain 
unfamiliar  words  are 
being  heard  with  in- 
creasing regularity. 
From  Columbia  to  Stanford,  Johns  Hop- 
kins to  Yale,  the  words  are  being  received 
with  disbelief,  shock,  rage,  and  protest. 
Offices  have  been  occupied,  threats  levied, 
resignations  tendered,  and  on  some  cam- 
puses, arrests  have  been  made.  All  because 
of  those  words  that  many  institutions 
thought  would  never  apply  to  them. 

Words  like  budget  deficits — which  last 
winter  were  reported  to  be  $8.8  million  at 
Yale,  $13.4  million  at  Harvard,  and  $87 
million  at  Columbia.  Program  cuts.  Lay- 
offs. Hiring  freezes.  Belt-tightening. 

It's  not  a  problem  limited  to  a  few  insti- 
tutions. A  survey  by  the  American  Coun- 
cil on  Education  showed  that  more  than 
half  the  nation's  colleges  and  universities 
cut  their  budgets  in  the  last  academic  year. 
Among  public  institutions,  that  number 
rises  to  nearly  75  percent.  But  Duke's  fi- 
nancial future  looks,  if  not  robust,  at  least 
stable.  These  days,  that's  something  to  be 
pleased  about. 

Budgetarily,  "Duke  is  in  a  positive  state," 
says  Vice  Provost  for  Academic  Services 
Paula  P.  Burger  '67,  A.M.  '74,  "and  we 
should  be  reasonably  proud  of  the  fact  that 
we  have  weathered  a  very  difficult  time  in 
higher  education."  She  cautions  that  no 
one  should  act  smug  about  Duke's  financial 
posture,  and  that  tough  times  lie  ahead. 
But  for  now,  "we've  come  out  as  well  as 
most  institutions  and  better  than  many." 

"The  situation  at  Duke  reflects  a  tradi- 
tion of  balanced  budgets,"  says  trustee 
John  Koskinen  '61,  pointing  to  the  $392.7 
million  (not  including  the  medical  center) 
balanced  budget  approved  for  1992-93. 
Koskinen  chairs  the  board  of  trustees' 
Finance  Committee.  "We  have  a  tradition 
of  building  reserve  funds  for  deferred  main- 


SURVIVAL 
OF  THE 
FITTEST 

BUDGETARY  BALANCING 

BY  MICHAEL  TOWNSEND 


"We  have  had  a  little  bit 

of  warning  time, 

a  luxury  other  schools 

haven't  had. 

But  ultimately,  we  can't 

ignore  the  problems." 


tenance  and  other  contingencies,  and  that 
has  provided  us  with  a  cushion,"  he  says. 
"We  have  had  a  little  bit  of  warning  time, 
a  luxury  other  schools  haven't  had.  But 
ultimately,  we  can't  ignore  the  problems." 

The  budget  process  last  year  provided 
Duke  with  a  modest  look  at  the  potential 
for  problems.  As  the  fiscal  year  progressed, 
it  became  increasingly  clear  that  unless 
budget-balancing  steps  were  taken,  the 
1991-92  projections  would  result  in  a 
deficit — due  largely  to  greater-than-antici- 
pated  claims  under  workers'  compensation 
and  to  falling  interest  rates  on  short-term 
investments,  on  which  Duke  and  virtually 
all  universities  rely  for  annual  operating 
funds.  President  H.  Keith  H.  Brodie  asked 
all  administrative  units  to  make  cuts.  On 
the  academic  side,  faculty  and  staff  salary 
increases  were  held  down  and  positions 
went  unfilled,  while  on  the  administrative 
side,  cuts  were  taken  in  a  number  of  areas. 
As  late  as  March,  officials  were  still  pro- 
jecting a  potential  shortfall  of  $700,000  to 
$900,000. 

But  a  variety  of  factors  produced  a  very 
different  result — factors  including  the  suc- 
cess of  the  basketball  team  and  related 
sales  of  Duke  clothing  and  other  parapher- 


nalia at  university  stores,  unexpected  im- 
provement in  some  areas  of  investments, 
and  $750,000  from  new  ACC  member 
Florida  State  University's  participation  in 
the  College  Football  Association  television 
contract.  And  contrary  to  the  experience  at 
many  peer  institutions,  Duke  enjoyed  con- 
siderable fund-raising  success  over  the  past 
year,  raising  $127  million,  an  increase  of 
11.8  percent  over  1990-91.  (According  to 
a  1990-91  survey  by  the  Council  for  Aid  to 
Education,  Duke  ranked  ninth  nationally  in 
fund  raising,  just  below  Berkeley  and  above 
M.I.T.)  The  outcome  of  budget  belt-tight- 
ening and  these  added  revenues  was  a  "sur- 
plus" of  $3  million  and  a  balanced  budget 
for  the  twenty-fourth  consecutive  year.  The 
surplus  was  reinvested  in  academic  pro- 
grams and  in  the  interest  stabilization 
fund — money  set  aside  in  a  reserve  fund  to 
deal  with  interest-rate  fluctuations,  which 
had  been  used  earlier  in  the  year  to  make 
up  the  projected  shortfall. 

One  of  the  major  problems  facing  leading 
universities,  including  Duke,  is  the  strug- 
gle to  balance  the  cost  of  providing  high- 
quality  education  with  public  concern — 
particularly  among  the  middle  class — over 
the  inability  to  pay  for  that  education.  Last 
January,  in  his  annual  remarks  to  the  fac- 
ulty, President  Brodie  said  that  the  tuition 
gap  between  Duke  and  its  competitors  is 
closing,  "and  price  can  no  longer  be  con- 
sidered a  favorable  edge  for  Duke  with 
middle-class  students."  Tuition,  he  added, 
"is  not  a  perpetually  elastic  source  of  rev- 
enue, particularly  in  a  more  stringent  eco- 
nomic climate."  Brodie  had  called  for  a  5 
percent  tuition  hike  for  the  current 
academic  year.  That  rate  would  have  been 
consistent  with  a  pattern  of  adding  two 
percentage  points  to  the  Consumer  Price 
Index,  a  formula  defining  a  so-,called  "sta- 
tus quo"  level  in  the  university  budget;  the 
trustees,  though,  eventually  set  a  6.8  per- 
cent tuition  increase,  in  part  to  protect 
financial  aid  programs. 

Tuition  and  fees  at  the  nation's  top  pri- 
vate colleges  and  universities  are  between 


Noi 


ber-Dt 


37 


$20,000  and  $25,000.  By  the  end 
of  the  decade,  according  to  some 
predictions,  that  price  tag  could 
reach  $40,000.  Combine  those 
numbers  with  a  stagnant  econo- 
my and  slowed  growth  in  the 
personal  income  of  most  Ameri- 
cans and  they  point  to  a  fright- 
ening reality:  Not  too  far  down 
the  road,  education  may  become 
simply  a  privilege  of  the  elite. 

"The  biggest  issue  facing 
higher  education  in  America 
right  now  is  affordability.  Period," 
says  James  A.  Belvin  Jr.,  director 
of  undergraduate  financial  aid  at 
Duke.  "Nothing  else  matters.  We 
can  spend  a  lot  of  money  on  lab- 
oratories, professors'  salaries,  play- 
ing fields,  and  dormitories,  but  if 
parents  can't  find  a  way  to  en- 
roll their  kids  here,  none  of  it 
matters." 

There  are  a  multitude  of  fac- 
tors driving  tuition:  the  necessi- 
ty of  maintaining  competitive 
faculty  salaries,  the  upkeep  of 
dormitories  and  other  facilities, 
the  need  to  keep  up  with  the 
pace  of  technology,  particularly 
computerization.  The  cost  of 
simply  wiring  the  campus  for 
computer  networks  is  enormous.  ^<j^" 
Because  rapid  technological  ad- 
vances can  make  equipment  ob- 
solete almost  overnight,  keeping 
laboratories  up-to-date  can  be  a 
financial  burden  as  well.  There  are  also 
what  Senior  Vice  President  for  Public 
Affairs  John  F.  Burness  calls  the  "hidden 
costs"  associated  with  complying  with  var- 
ious federal  and  state  regulations.  "This 
includes  everything  from  removing  asbestos 
to  landfill  fees  to  increased  sewer  fees  to 
handicapped  access,"  says  Burness,  "all  of 
which  reflect  understandable  and  worthy 
public  policy  goals,  but  all  of  which  carry 
very  real  costs  to  the  institution."  But  the 
most  significant  factor  is  financial  aid. 
And  therein  lies  a  great  irony. 

"The  rising  price  of  tuition  is  due  in  part 
to  financial  aid,"  says  Burness.  "But  it  is  a 
Catch-22.  The  greater  the  need  for  finan- 
cial aid,  the  higher  the  tuition.  But  the 
higher  the  tuition,  the  more  financial  aid 
you  need." 

Duke's  expenditures  for  undergraduate  fi- 
nancial aid  have  doubled  in  six  years,  from 
$13.7  million  in  1985-86,  to  $27.1  million  in 
1991-92.  In  that  same  time,  the  average  tui- 
tion and  fees  ( including  room  and  board,  plus 
book  and  supply  expenses)  has  increased 
about  60  percent,  from  approximately 
$12,500  in  1985-86,  to  a  little  more  than 
$20,000  last  year. 

It's  not  easy  to  persuade  parents  that 


SOURCES  OF  FINANCIAL  AID 
FOR  STUDENTS 


^^ 


their  children  are  getting  a  bargain  no 
matter  how  much  tuition  they  pay.  "Higher 
education,"  says  Burger,  "has  not  done  a 
very  good  job  of  educating  the  public  about 
the  differences  between  price — tuition — 
and  cost,  so  that  they  would  understand 
that  although  the  price  has  gone  up  signif- 
icantly, it  in  no  way  reflects  the  real  cost 
of  a  Duke  education."  Burger  points  out 
that  parents  are  frustrated  that  they  are 
paying  full  tuition  and  that  part  of  their 
money  is  going  to  pay  the  tuition  of  other 
students.  "But  in  reality,"  she  says,  "even  a 
family  that  pays  full  tuition  is  not  covering 
the  full  cost  of  their  own  child's  education 
at  Duke.  Their  child  is  getting  financial 
aid  as  well,  probably  to  the  tune  of  at  least 
50  percent,"  Burger  says,  noting  that  funds 
from  the  university's  endowment,  corporate 
gifts,  alumni  support,  and  other  sources 
cover  the  difference. 

Burger  also  points  to  a  proportional  rela- 
tionship in  the  minds  of  students  and  par- 
ents between  the  expense  of  college  and 
their  expectations.  "At  a  place  like  Duke, 
the  expectation  is  that  you  will  have  a 
superior  faculty,  ample  residential  space  in 
top-quality  condition;  a  full  array  of  stu- 
dent support  services,  from  academic  ad- 


vising to  personal  counseling  to 
health  counseling  to  career  ad- 
vising; full  recreational  facilities; 
computers;  good  food.  These 
expectations  rise  in  proportion 
to  the  price.  But,  these  expec- 
tations are  also  driving  the 
cost."  (Vanderbilt  University 
provost  Charles  A.  Kiesler  per- 
formed a  per  diem  cost  compar- 
ison among  "select  overnight 
housing  options" — ranging  from 
the  Opryland  Hotel,  at  $149  per 
night,  to  a  Tennessee  jail,  at 
$84  per  night.  A  stay  at  Van- 
derbilt, complete  with  access  to 
intellectual,  cultural,  and  recre- 
ational amenities,  as  well  as 
room  and  board,  emerged  as 
the  least  expensive  option,  at 
$79  per  night.) 

Duke  has  maintained  its  abil- 
ity to  meet  both  these  expecta- 
tions and  the  financial  needs  of 
its    students.    Last   winter   the 
trustees,    in    deciding    on    the 
tuition    level,    reaffirmed    the 
university's   need-blind   admis- 
sions policy,  by  which  students 
are  admitted  based  on  an  assess- 
ment of  their  academic  poten- 
tial and  without  regard  to  their 
ability   to   pay.    The   financial 
need  of  all  admitted  students  is 
then  met,  through  scholarships 
and    grants    supplemented    by 
loans  and  work-study  programs. 
Over  the  past  few  years,  financial  aid 
policies  have  proved  volatile   at  several 
schools.  At  Columbia,  students  barricaded 
faculty  and  administrators  inside  a  building, 
demanding  that  the  university  continue  its 
need-blind   admissions   policy.    Columbia 
had  stated  that  it  would  be  need-blind  in 
admissions,  but  might  not  be  able  to  meet 
the  full  need  of  all  admitted  students.  A 
week  after  the  protest,  the  school  relented, 
and  agreed,  at  least  temporarily,  to  meet 
all  needs  of  incoming  students. 

Smith  College  ended  its  need-blind  pol- 
icy in  1990,  after  watching  its  financial  aid 
budget  grow  by  20  percent  a  year  for  five 
consecutive  years.  (Smith  did  resume  its 
need-blind  policy  this  past  year.)  Wes- 
leyan  University,  which  overshot  its  finan- 
cial budget  by  $850,000  last  year,  Bowdoin 
College,  and  Amherst  College  have  all 
considered  or  are  considering  the  future  of 
their  need-blind  admissions  policies. 

For  the  time  being,  the  policy  at  Duke  is 
secure.  But  everyone  agrees  that  it  won't 
be  easy.  "I  think  need-blind  admissions 
can  last  here,"  says  Belvin,  "but  it  is  going 
to  take  a  major  commitment  by  all  parts  of 
the  university,  and  that  means  the  faculty, 
the  administration,  the  staff,  the  students, 


38 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


the  development  office,  and  the  alumni 
body.  We  must  decide  that  this  is  some- 
thing we  want  to  do  together.  In  my  esti- 
mation, it  is  something  that  is  critically 
important  to  the  future  of  this  university." 

Trustee  Koskinen,  president  and  C.E.O. 
of  the  Palmieri  Company,  a  Washington, 
D.C.-hased  corporate-turnaround  special- 
ist, agrees,  saying  that  "financial  aid  should 
he  a  top  priority  because  it  enables  us  to 
attract  a  more  heterogeneous  population. 
Financial  aid  allows  us  to  be  more  diverse, 
economically  and  socially,  and  that  is 
important  in  terms  of  the  kind  of  educa- 
tion students  receive." 

One  of  the  major  issues  facing  financial 
aid  is  the  decrease  over  recent  years  in  fed- 
eral and  state  funding  to  meet  the  needs  of 
students.  Vice  Provost  Burger  picks  out 
some  numbers  from  a  recent  report  to 
illustrate  the  point.  In  1984-85,  she  says, 
17-4  percent  of  Duke's  total  financial  aid 
budget  came  from  the  federal  government, 
8.4  percent  from  the  state,  4-3  percent  was 
met  by  outside  scholarships  (scholarships 
that  students  bring  to  campus  with  them, 
like  Rotary  scholarships),  and  69.9  percent 
was  met  by  university  funds.  In  1991-92, 
the  federal  government  was  supplying  just 
7.3  percent  of  Duke's  financial  aid  budget. 
The  state  gave  4-4  percent,  outside  schol- 
arships 7.1  percent.  That  means  81.2  per- 


Diike's  expenditures 
for  financial  aid  have 

doubled  in  six  years, 

from  $13.7  million  to 

$27.1  million. 


cent  was  met  by  university  funds.  The 
declining  federal  and  state  support  had  to 
be  made  up  by  the  university. 

Koskinen  believes  the  federal  govern- 
ment has  to  get  more  involved  in  higher 
education.  "Absolutely  the  greatest  re- 
source of  the  United  States,"  he  says,  "is 
motivated,  bright,  and  capable  young  peo- 
ple. We  must  invest  in  them  by  educating 
them  to  the  maximum  of  their  potential." 

Duke  administrators  point  to  several 
factors  in  trying  to  explain  the  university's 
current  stable  financial  situation.  E.  Roy 
Weintraub,  a  professor  of  economics  and 
twice  head  of  the  Academic  Council,  says, 
"We  have  been  smart  to  recognize  that 
information  needs  to  be  provided  openly. 
Planning  has  to  do  with  considering  alter- 


natives, and  getting  all  the  choices  out  so 
people  can  discuss  them.  This  is  exactly 
what  has  been  going  on,  particularly  in  the 
past  year. 

"The  situation  at  Columbia  is  not  plan- 
ning. They  had  to  come  up  with  a  strategy 
to  solve  a  problem.  Planning  is  what  goes 
on  prior  to  figuring  out  that  particular 
strategy." 

Other  factors  that  have  contributed  to 
Duke's  relative  financial  stability  include 
the  youth  of  the  campus  and  its  physical 
plant,  and  the  comparatively  lean  struc- 
ture of  the  administration.  Senior  Vice 
President  Burness  points  to  some  of  the 
older  campuses,  like  Yale,  which  by  pub- 
lished accounts  has  accumulated  $1  billion 
in  deferred  maintenance  needs. 

Says  Burness,  "We  don't  have  250-year- 
old  buildings  that  are  falling  down  right 
now,  and  because  the  trustees  have  recog- 
nized the  importance  of  addressing  deferred 
maintenance  in  their  budget  planning, 
Duke  has  been  able  to  deal  with  many  of 
its  most  pressing  facilities  needs."  But 
Weintraub  adds  that  the  youth  of  Duke  is 
in  some  ways  a  double-edged  sword.  "It 
cuts  both  ways,"  he  says.  "While  we  don't 
have  200-year-old  buildings,  we  also  don't 
have  an  endowment  that  has  been  growing 
for  200  years."  Duke's  endowment,  which 
stood   at   approximately   $591    million   in 


A 

Giftfor 

Tour 

Favorite 

Duke 

Graduate 


D. 


avid  M.  Lockwood  (Law  '84) 
commissioned  artist  Mark  Desman  to  capture  the 
panorama  of  Duke's  West  Campus  in  the  style  and 
manner  of  Richard  Rummel.  That  painting  has  been 
reproduced  in  full  sheet  (20"  x  31^")  and  half  sheet 
(10"  x  15%")  signed  and  numbered  limited  edition 
(2000)  prints  published  on  high-quality  heavy  vellum 
cover  stock.  The  words  "Duke  University"  appear  in 


the  bottom  margin.  Order  your  prints  by  calling 
Dave  at  (215)  564-8113  (W);  (215)  345-7756  (H)  or 
by  writing  to  him  at  553  Creek  Road,  Doylestown, 
Pennsylvania  18901.  The  price  of  $100  (full  sheet)  or 
$60  (half  sheet)  includes  postage,  handling,  and  a  ten 
percent  donation  to  the  University.  Prints  will  be 
mailed  the  date  an  order  is  received. 


PUBLIC 
PAIN 


While  the 
financial 
woes  of  pri- 
vate universities  like 
Yale,  Stanford,  and 
Columbia  make  head- 
lines, there  is  another 
branch  of  the  country's 
higher  education  sys- 
tem that  is  in  desperate 
times.  The  public  col- 
leges and  universities 
are  struggling  almost 
universally,  with  no 
relief  insight. 

"In  twenty-five  years 
of  observing  higher 
education  in  this  coun- 
try," says  Jerrold  K. 
Footlick,  an  communi- 
cations consultant  and 
a  former  education 
editor  for  Newsu/eek, 
"this  is  the  first  time  I 
have  seen  the  publics 
in  worse  shape  than 
the  privates.  States  are 
just  under  so  many 
pressures  these  days." 


"The  major  research 
universities,  both  pub- 
lic and  private,  are 
really  dealing  with  the 
same  issues,"  says  C. 
Peter  Magrath,  presi- 
dent of  the  National 
Association  of  State 
Universities  and  Land- 
Grant  Colleges  and  a 
former  president  of 
three  major  public  uni- 
versities. "People  think 
that  schools  like  Duke 
can't  be  facing  the 
same  issues  as  Chapel 
Hill  and  North  Caro- 
lina State,  but  they 
are." 

"For  the  first  time 
since  the  1930s," 
Magrath  says,  "we 
have  had  an  absolute 
net  reduction  in  state 
support  for  higher  edu- 
cation. Across  the 
nation,  there  has  been 
an  average  decrease  of 
1  percent.  In  real 
terms,  that  poses  for 
the  public  the  greatest 
financial  stress  since 
the  1930s." 

Perhaps  nowhere  is 


the  crisis  felt  as 
strongly  as  in  the  enor- 
mous California  sys- 
tem. Even  the  Univer- 
sity of  California  at 
Berkeley,  long  consid- 
ered the  top  of  that 
state's  nine-campus 
system,  is  struggling. 
Berkeley  was  forced  to 
cut  163  full-  and  part- 
time  faculty  positions 
and  increase  fees  by  40 
percent.  The  twenty- 
campus  California  state 
university  system  has 
seen  even  more  drastic 
cuts.  More  than  5,000 
course  sections  have 
been  eliminated,  and 
3,000  full-  and  part- 
time  teachers  have 
been  laid  off. 

But  California's 
problems  are  the  rule, 
not  the  exception. 
With  a  majority  of 
states  operating  with 
deficits,  the  money  for 
higher  education  sim- 
ply doesn't  exist,  and 
students  are  forced  to 
bear  the  burden. 
Charges  for  many  of 


the  State  University  of 
New  York  students 
could  double  over  the 
next  two  years.  The 
University  of  Maine 
was  forced  to  institute 
a  mid-year  tuition  hike 
of  15.6  percent  for  the 
second  semester. 

Magrath  doesn't  see 
a  lot  of  reason  for  opti- 
mism down  the  road. 
"My  personal  view," 
he  says,  "is  that  at  best 
we  can  hope  for  incre- 
mental increases  in 
state  funding  in  a  cou- 
ple of  years.  But  for 
now  I  think  we  are 
looking  at  level  fund- 
ing. That  means  we 
need  to  talk  about 
things  like  increasing 
faculty  and  administra 
tive  workloads." 

"Reductions,  cut- 
backs, and  termina 
of  programs  is  the 
order  of  the  day," 
laments  Magrath.  "I 
don't  think  we'll  be 
going  back  to  the  suc- 
cess of  the  1980s." 


June,  seems  impressive,  but  the  reality  is 
that  it  lags  significantly  behind  many  of 
Duke's  peer  institutions,  particularly  the 
Ivies.  (At  the  end  of  the  1990-91  academic 
year,  Harvard's  endowment  was  pegged  at 
$4-6  billion;  Princeton,  Yale,  and  Stanford 
all  exceeded  $2  billion;  and  Columbia  was 
at  $1.53  billion.) 

James  S.  Roberts,  director  of  academic 
budgets  in  the  provost's  office,  believes 
that  Duke's  administrative  structure  gives 
it  an  advantage  over  other  schools.  "Even 
though  there  has  been  staff  and  faculty 
growth  over  the  last  decade,  the  adminis- 
trative structure  is  relatively  lean.  I  heard 
an  anecdote  not  long  ago  that  when  some 
Duke  people  went  out  to  visit  Stanford, 
they  found  that  Stanford  was  laying  off 
more  people  in  their  human  resources  ad- 
ministration than  Duke  employed  in  the 
first  place." 

Another  factor  is  that  Duke  has  done 
remarkably  well  over  the  past  five  or  ten 
years  in  obtaining  research  grants  from  the 
government.  This  is  especially  remarkable 
in  light  of  the  fact  that  the  federal  govern- 
ment has  slowed  down  the  rate  of  increase 
of  available  research  funds,  while  at  the 
same  time  competition  for  those  funds  has 
increased  dramatically.  Weintraub  points 


out  that  while  some  of  the  success — in  the 
medical  center,  for  example — has  re- 
mained fairly  constant  through  the  years, 
"in  non-health  related  fields,  the  success  of 
Duke's  faculty  has  been  dramatic."  The 
university's  research  base,  including  the 
medical  center,  has  improved  from  $75 
million  in  1985  to  about  $140  million  in 
the  current  academic  year. 

So  what  does  all  this  mean  for  the 
future?  There  are  more  than  a  few  doom- 
sayers  who  predict  that  higher  education 
will  undergo  radical  changes  in  the  coming 
years.  David  S.  Kasten,  chair  of  the  depart- 
ment of  English  and  comparative  literature 
at  Columbia,  was  quoted  in  The  New  York 
Times  last  February  as  saying,  "What  we 
are  witnessing  is  the  death  of  the  nine- 
teenth-century research  university."  Many 
experts  concur,  believing  that  the  system 
of  education  with  universities  teaching  a 
vast  multitude  of  different  programs  is  out- 
dated in  an  era  of  restricted  resources. 

Daniel  S.  Cheever,  president  of  the 
Massachusetts  Higher  Education  Assis- 
tance Corporation,  is  one  of  many  who 
believe  that  radical  change  is  necessary  for 
universities  to  survive.  Writing  in  The 
Boston  Globe  last  April,  Cheever  said  that 
"The  colleges  that  survive  will  be  those 


that  change  in  fundamental  ways,  those 
that  figure  out  how  to  reorganize  and 
restructure  the  delivery  of  their  curriculum 
and  administrative  services  at  far  less  cost 
without  sacrificing  quality."  Cheever  sug- 
gested that  one  possibility  might  be  the 
specialization  of  universities,  with  institu- 
tions downsizing  so  that  they  offer  fewer 
programs.  Schools  could  focus  their  ener- 
gies on  specific  programs,  building  strength 
in  those  while  letting  other  schools  cover 
other  areas.  Already,  universities  are  com- 
bining programs,  and  even  eliminating 
whole  departments.  Washington  University 
in  St.  Louis  dropped  its  sociology  depart- 
ment rather  than  spend  the  money  to 
overhaul  it.  Columbia  decided  to  elimi- 
nate its  entire  library  science  school.  Yale 
is  considering  the  same  fate  for  linguistics 
and  two  other  departments  as  a  cost-cut- 
ting measure. 

Burger,  while  acknowledging  that  such 
discussions  aren't  out  of  the  question  in 
Duke's  future,  says,  "I  don't  think  we  are 
talking,  as  an  institution,  about  dramati- 
cally changing  our  mission,  or  restricting 
it.  The  individual  units  here  are  too  strong 
to  consider  which  aren't  working.  There 
are  no  departments  here  that  don't  make 
sense.  Besides,  I  don't  think  specialization 
meshes  well  with  the  eighteen-year-old 
mind-set,  which  is  not  to  know  what  they 
want  to  study  and  what  they  want  to  do." 

But  Weintraub  warns  that  all  organiza- 
tions must  at  least  allow  for  the  possibility 
of  reorganizing  or  downsizing.  "There  is 
always  a  question  of  whether  the  resources 
being  associated  with  a  particular  unit 
couldn't  be  better  used  somewhere  else  in 
the  institution.  Those  are  the  kinds  of 
questions  we  are  asking.  I  think  it  is  fairly 
clear  that  not  every  unit  that  is  here  at 
Duke  University  is  going  to  be  here  in  ten 
years.  We  hope  that  any  of  these  kinds  of 
changes  will  be  both  open  and  conscious, 
and  that  we  will  understand  why  things 
are  being  done." 

Weintraub  speaks  with  cautious  opti- 
mism. "We  are  in  a  position  to  make 
progress  over  the  next  decade,  but  it  is  not 
going  to  be  progress  that  is  very  dramatic. 
We  have  a  very  smart  and  competent 
bunch  of  trustees.  I  think  that  though  we 
haven't  been  able  to  move  forward  as  much 
as  we  may  have  liked  over  the  past  year  or 
two,  we  also  haven't  faced  some  of  the 
problems  that  a  number  of  other  universi- 
ties are  facing.  When  we  look  around  us,  we 
have  reason  to  be  very  thankful."  I 


Townsend,  formerly  a  news  intern  at  Bowdoin 
College  in  Maine,  is  a  free-lance  writer  living  in 
Durham. 


40 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


MIXING 


MANAGEMENT 


'hen  John 
Hartman  '44 
started  his 
business 
career,  as  a 


partner  in  a 
four-person 
St.  Augustine, 
Florida,  advertising  agency,  his  fledgling 
firm  had  but  one  client.  "If  we  heard  foot- 
steps on  the  stairs,"  he  says,  "we'd  all  start 
looking  busy,  including  our  lone  secretary, 
who  would  type  'The  quick  brown  fox' 
over  and  over  again." 

The  dearth  of  clients  was  short-lived. 
The  agency  soon  prospered,  due  in  part, 
Hartman  thinks,  to  what  he  calls  his  "sales 
and  advertising  acumen." 

As  an  undergraduate,  Hartman  was 
business  manager  and  one  of  the  editorial 
directors  of  the  student  Chronicle.  He  was 
twelve  credits  away  from  graduation  in  his 
senior  year  when  "the  Navy  called  me 
away  for  training,"  as  he  puts  it.  He  fin- 
ished his  college  work  at  Columbia  in 
1944  while  preparing  for  duty  as  an  ensign. 
(Then-Duke  president  Terry  Sanford  offi- 
cially made  Hartman  a  member  of  the 
Class  of  1975,  "but  I  prefer  to  think  of 
myself  as  a  '44  grad,"  he  says.) 

During  World  War  II,  Hartman  landed 
at  Normandy  on  D-Day.  Though  that  his- 
toric event  may  have  been  an  attitude- 
shaping  experience,  military  life  would 
provide  more  professionally  useful  encoun- 
ters. After  his  sea  duty  ended,  Hartman 
served  at  a  base  near  Jacksonville,  Florida, 
where  he  founded,  edited,  and  wrote  news 
stories  for  the  base  and  fleet  weekly,  the 
St.  John's  Inlander.  Its  circulation  quickly 
grew  into  one  of  the  largest  of  the  armed 
forces'  newspapers,  right  behind  Stars  and 
Stripes.  Says  Hartman,  "The  secret  to  the 
success  of  the  Inlander  was  straight  talk  to 
the  Navy  personnel.  We  didn't  try  to 
impress  the  brass  with  flowery  prose,  and 
we  cut  through  the  stilted  jargon — easy 
reading  and  easy  explanations." 

"If  you  learn  to  ask  the  right  questions," 


JOHN  HARTMAN 


KOL-UKlSEfS- 


His  business  and  news 
intuition  has  defined 

the  career  of  this 

maverick  manager,  a 

career  capped  by  a 

Pulitzer  Prize  nomination 

during  retirement. 


Noi 


ber-Decembi 


I  992 


Hartman  says,  "and  you  listen  carefully  to 
the  answers,  your  fellow  business  people 
will  tell  you  a  great  deal.  The  trick  is  not 
to  listen  to  the  experts.  The  forecasts  of 
experts  are  almost  always  doomed  to  fail- 
ure, because  they  reach  a  consensus  too 
late,  long  after  a  trend  first  surfaces.  You 
have  to  tune  your  ear  to  the  man  in  the 
street.  For  example,  one  of  the  cheapest 
marketing  surveys  you  can  take  is  to  ask — 
a  car  salesman,  perhaps — what  the  second- 
best  car  is.  They'll  all  tell  you  that  their 
brand  is  the  best,  which  is  meaningless 
information,  but  if  they  all  agree  on  what 
the  second-best  car  is,  then  you  have 
something." 

When  Hartman  was  ready  to  advance 
from  the  advertising  shop,  his  next  ven- 
ture was  dictated  more  by  his  heart  than 
by  his  head  for  business.  He  married  Kelly 
Bill;  eventually,  they  moved  to  Lyme, 
Connecticut.  "John  agrees  that  I'm  his 
alter  ego,"  says  Kelly.  "We've  talked  about 
business  issues  for  as  long  as  I  can  remem- 
ber. I  guess  that's  because  we've  always  had 
quite  a  bit  in  common,  and  I've  never 
been  intimidated  by  statistics.  John  was  a 
baseball  player  when  I  met  him,  and  I 
probably  knew  more  about  the  Yankees 
than  any  other  woman  in  New  York  City." 

Kelly's  family  had  operated  the  New 
York-based  Bill  Publishing  Company  since 
its  founding  back  in  the  nineteenth  centu- 
ry. Bill  was  a  staid,  conservative  company 
with  only  a  handful  of  trade  magazines 
when  Hartman  joined  the  force  as  its 
newest  salesman.  By  the  time  Hartman 
had  worked  his  way  into  the  CEO's  chair 
in  1957,  his  contributions  had  already 
helped  Bill  post  significant  gains  in  its  bot- 
tom line.  And  once  at  the  helm,  Hartman 
initiated  expansion  and  re-positioning 
plans  that  put  a  number  of  profitable  new 
magazines  on  the  market,  such  as  Sales  and 
Marketing,  Restaurant  Business.  Modem 
Tire  Dealer,  Plastic  Technology,  and  Suc- 
cessful Meetings. 

Throughout  the  expansion  period,  his 
company  continued  to  show  sizable  profits, 


41 


Key  time  in  Key  Largo:  retirement  for  Hartman  means  writing  books,  newspaper  columns,  and  articles 


year  after  year,  all  as  a  result  of  Hartman's 
leadership.  But  even  more  important  for 
him — and  his  employees — were  Hartman's 
revolutionary  management  techniques. 

"I  knew  then  that  the  most  valuable  re- 
sources our  company  had  was  its  people," 
Hartman  says.  "After  my  first  few  years  in 
the  CEO's  chair,  I  made  a  radical  decision. 
I  decided  to  turn  the  table  of  organization 
upside  down.  And  then  I  threw  it  out."  He 
also  took  the  unconventional  step,  for 
1970,  of  making  his  employees  part  owners 
of  what  had  then  become  Bill  Communi- 
cations. Through  his  employee  stock  equi- 
ty ownership  program,  Hartman  tied  the 
company's  overall  performance  directly  to 
the  contribution  of  each  individual 
employee. 

Participatory  management,  says  Hartman, 
"is  the  only  way  to  get  maximum  produc- 
tion. The  four  most  important  words  in 
business  are  'What  do  you  think?'  You've 
got  to  ask  all  of  your  employees  for  their 
opinions,  and  then  you've  got  to  act  on 
those  opinions.  'What  do  you  think?'  is  a 


natural  outgrowth  of  management  by 
walking  around.  You've  got  to  kick  your 
best  managers  out  of  the  office.  Force  them 
to  take  sabbaticals,  and  force  them  to  talk 
to  the  hourly  people." 

When  Hartman  decided  to  sell  Bill 
Communications  in  1989,  he  resolved  that 
the  "business  would  outlive  me.  I  didn't 
want  the  employees  to  struggle  through 
having  to  buy  back  my  substantial  stock 
after  I  retired  or  died.  I  also  wanted  the 
employees  to  continue  as  stake-holders, 
with  the  confidence  that  comes  from  equi- 
ty." Hartman  eventually  sold  Bill 
Communications  to  Affiliated  Publications 
of  Boston — but  not  before  collecting  thirty- 
seven  prospective  buyers,  from  Singapore 
to  Holland,  all  wanting  to  bid.  He  says  he 
turned  down  four  prospects,  including  pub- 
lishing baron  Robert  Maxwell. 

With  the  sale  completed,  Hartman  was 
officially  retired.  But  the  maverick  in  him 
remains  active.  He  spends  his  summers  in 
the  farm  community  of  Lyme,  where  he 
writes    for    a    Connecticut    weekly,    The 


Shoreline  Press  Pictorial  Gazette;  his  perma- 
nent home  is  in  Key  Largo,  Florida.  About 
a  month  into  his  retirement,  he  went  back 
to  work  as  a  regular  columnist  and  news 
writer  for  a  weekly  paper  in  Islamorada, 
Florida,  that  covers  the  entire  length  of 
the  Florida  Keys.  "I  liked  the  Free  Press  as 
soon  as  I  picked  it  up  for  the  first  time," 
says  Hartman  of  the  Florida  publication. 
"The  writing  is  clear,  and  it  provides  a 
forum  for  community  thought." 

The  Free  Press — with  a  circulation  of 
about  1,500 — covered  a  breaking  story  in 
late  1991  when  the  Ocean  Reef  home- 
owners, of  whom  Hartman  is  one,  staged  a 
dues  boycott  that  made  the  national  news 
wires.  The  management  company  that 
handles  security  and  common  facilities  at 
Ocean  Reef  made  a  unilateral  decision  to 
quintuple  the  homeowner  initiation  fees 
and  increase  monthly  dues  by  92  percent. 
The  resulting  revolt  is  still  unresolved  and 
in  the  courts. 

For  more  than  three  months,  Hartman 
reported  objectively  on  the  controversy, 
providing  details  on  both  sides  of  the  story. 
Those  efforts  were  recognized  with  a  nomi- 
nation for  a  Pulitzer  Prize  in  the  category 
of  explanatory  journalism.  "Who  would 
have  ever  thought,"  says  Hartman,  "that 
the  chronicled  battles  between  millionaire 
homeowners  and  billionaire  land  develop- 
ers could  be  anything  short  of  boring,  espe- 
cially to  outsiders?" 

The  battles  certainly  weren't  incidental 
to  insiders:  The  management  company 
removed  the  Free  Press  vending  box  from  a 
key  location  at  Ocean  Reef,  "in  what 
amounts  to  a  partial  ban  of  the  publica- 
tion," noted  the  newspaper.  Answering 
homeowner  questions  about  the  removal, 
the  head  of  the  company  replied,  "Mr. 
Hartman  doesn't  tell  the  truth." 

Dave  Whitney,  the  Free  Press  editor, 
says  Hartman  "went  after  the  Pulitzer  story 
with  the  zeal  of  a  cub  reporter.  His  reputa- 
tion as  a  maverick  was  evident  in  the 
innovative  approaches  he  took  with  the 
people  he  interviewed,  alternately  cajoling 
and  massaging.  But  most  of  all,  he  cared. 
He  got  involved.  You  could  see,  though, 
that  the  hard  work  had  an  effect  on  him 
personally.  He  drove  his  car  a  little  faster, 
lost  his  temper  over  slow  fax  machines,  but 
that's  John.  He  carries  a  hammer,  but  it's  a 
velvet  hammer." 

Hartman's  writings  include  two  books  in 
progress:  Selling  the  Business:  What  Every 
Entrepreneur  and  Executive  Must  Know,  and 
Maverick  Management.  Two  sample  chapter 
headings:  "How  to  Hide  a  Maverick  Behind 
a  Sincere  Red  Tie  and  a  Blue,  Pin-Striped 
Suit";  "Group  Dynamics:  How  to  Redesign 
the  Typical  Business  Meeting  to  Avoid 
Boredom  and  Promote  Productivity." 

Another  expression  of  Hartman's  man- 


42 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


agement  style  is  the  Center  for  Midsize 
Business  Education  and  Research 
(CMBER),  which  he  founded  and  funded 
at  Duke's  Fuqua  School  of  Business.  Hart- 
man  is  on  Fuqua's  visiting  board.  "Between 
1980  and  1990,  the  500  largest  companies  in 
the  United  States  shrank  by  20  percent," 
he  says.  "Conversely,  half  the  jobs  created 
in  that  period  were  created  by  midsize 
companies.  Tell  me  where  the  future  lies?" 

In  Hartman's  view,  executives  who  own 
a  major  portion  of  their  company  have  a 
stronger  motivation  to  see  the  company  do 
well.  And  while  the  top  officers  ot  Fortune 
500  companies  usually  own  less  than  2  to 
3  percent  of  the  corporate  stock,  in  a 
midsize  business,  the  majority  of  stock  is 
family-owned  or  otherwise  owned  by  top 
management. 

CMBER's  general  aim  is  to  develop  a 
comprehensive  base  of  knowledge  about 
all  aspects  of  the  midsize  firm;  its  particular 
approaches  include  infusing  such  small- 
business-oriented  themes  as  leadership, 
competitive  strategy,  and  managerial  fi- 
nance into  executive  seminars  and  MBA 
courses.  Hartman  hopes  CMBER  will  analyze 
exactly  how  midsize  businesses  are  gaining 
a  competitive  advantage  and  spread  that 
gospel  to  the  business  world. 

Says  William  A.  Lane  '44,  a  Duke  trustee, 


"Who  would  have 

thought  that  the  battles 

between  millionaire 

homeowners  and 

billionaire  land 

developers  could  be 

anything  short  of 

boring?" 


attorney,  and  classmate  of  Hartman's, 
"John  believes  that  midsize  businesses  have 
been  ignored  and  overlooked  in  school 
curricula.  Most  business  schools  prepare 
students  only  for  working  with  Fortune 
500  companies.  Duke's  CMBER  fills  a  void 
with  its  emphasis  on  the  workings  of  the 
less-than-large  companies.  And  John  didn't 
halt  his  interest  at  the  point  of  donation. 
He  continues  to  work  with  the  Fuqua 
School  to  make  this  program  effective.  He 
prods,  and  he's  insistent." 


Hartman  also  set  up  the  new  Center  for 
Sales,  Advertising,  and  Marketing  History 
in  Duke's  Perkins  Library.  The  center's  hold- 
ings will  be  built  around  strong  archival 
collections  in  advertising  history.  With 
the  1987  arrival  of  more  than  2,000  linear 
feet  of  corporate  archives  from  the  J.  Wal- 
ter Thompson  Company,  Perkins  became 
a  major  center  for  advertising  history.  In 
the  past  few  years,  the  library  has  received 
substantial  additions  to  the  Thompson  ar- 
chives, records  from  other  prominent 
agencies  like  D'Arcy,  Masius,  Benton  and 
Bowles,  and  the  personal  papers  of  well- 
known  advertising  executives.  Now  it's 
planning  seminars,  lectures,  and  confer- 
ences appropriate  to  its  sweeping  theme 
and  growing  collection. 

Communications  in  its  many  forms  has 
been  Hartman's  sustaining  theme — one 
that  carried  him  from  armed-forces  report- 
ing, to  management  responsibility,  to  an 
interest  in  business  education,  and  finally 
to  the  Pulitzer  Prize  nomination.  "I  always 
considered  myself  a  reporter,"  he  says. 
"And  now  I've  come  full  circle."  ■ 


This  pro/iic  was  compiled  by  several  oj  Hartman's 
publishing  associates. 


Winter  Glory  by  William  Mangum 


At  the  heart  of  Duke  Uni- 
versity, the  Chapel  stands  as 
one  of  the  most  impressive 
gothic  structures  in  the  region. 
This  unique  view  of  the 
Chapel  as  seen  by  watercolor 
artist  William  Mangum  serves 
as  a  wonderful  reminder  of 
your  experience  at  Duke. 
Offered  in  a  release  of  600 
limited  edition  prints  at  $85 
each,  30  artist  proofs  at  $150 
each,  and  20  hand-painted 
remarques  at  $300  each.  This 
beautiful  image  makes  an  ideal 
holiday  gift  for  students  unci 
alumni. 

Order  information: 
(919)  379-9200 


image  size:  21"  X  17" 


OREY-JV1ANGUM  GALLERY 

182  Lawndale  Drive  •  Greensboro.  North  Carolina  (91<))  3 


November-December    199  2 


COMPETING  IN 


THE  GLOBAL 


MARKETPLACE 


Chrysler  vans  are  as- 
sembled in  the  United 
States  with  engines 
made  in  japan.  Japan- 
ese corporations  em- 
ploy Mexicans  in 
Tijuana  to  build 
stereos  to  sell  in  the 
United  States.  Reebok's  shoes  are  made  in 
half  a  dozen  countries  by  factories  it 
doesn't  even  own. 

Welcome  to  the  global  marketplace — a 
world  of  complex  wheelings  and  dealings 
that  has  turned  traditional  business  rela- 
tionships on  their  heads.  Normally,  one 
looks  to  economists  to  understand  the 
workings  of  the  marketplace.  But  it  takes  a 
sociologist  to  explain  organizational  struc- 
tures and  business  relationships. 

Meet  Gary  Gereffi,  a  Duke  professor  of 
sociology  who  has  spent  the  better  part  of 
twenty  years  researching  various  aspects  of 
industrialization  in  the  developing  world. 
Gereffi  has  been  from  the  shop  floor  to  the 
boardroom  interviewing  countless  num- 
bers of  managers,  government  officials, 
corporate  executives,  and  academicians.  In 
that  time,  he  has  published  two  books  and 
more  than  thirty  articles,  and  received  half 
a  dozen  fellowships.  Gereffi's  advice  on 
such  subjects  as  the  role  of  multinational 
corporations  in  third  world  development, 
and  the  effects  of  global  commodity  chains, 
has  been  sought  by  such  diverse  groups  as 
the  World  Health  Organization,  the  U.S. 
Agency  for  International  Development, 
the  International  Ladies  Garment  Workers 
Union,  and  major  U.S.  companies. 

Asked  to  name  the  source  of  his  interest 
in  international  economic  development, 
Gereffi  points  to  the  year  he  spent  wander- 
ing the  globe  after  graduating  from  Notre 
Dame.  In  1970,  at  the  age  of  twenty-one, 
Gereffi  left  the  States  with  $1,200  in  his 
pocket  and  headed  for  Mexico,  Central 
America,  Southern  Europe,  and  Africa.  He 
ran  short  of  money  in  Zurich,  Switzerland, 
and  took  a  job  on  the  assembly  line  at  the 
Lindt  and  Sprungli  Chocolate  Factory. 


BUSINESS  AND  BORDERS 

BY  JOHN  MANUEL 


Sociologist  Gary  Gereffi 

says  the  cries  of  "Buy 
American"  have  become 
almost  meaningless  with 
the  rise  of  multinational 


economics. 


"There  was  a  standard  rule  that  workers 
couldn't  eat  the  chocolates  while  standing 
in  line,"  Gereffi  says.  "The  management 
didn't  enforce  the  rule  as  strictly  with 
newcomers  like  me,  because  they  assumed 
we  would  get  sick  of  eating  chocolates  in  a 
few  days.  I  was  the  exception — I  ate 
Kirsch-filled  chocolates  steadily  for  weeks 
and  never  got  tired  of  them." 

After  leaving  Europe  in  the  winter  of 
1970-71,  Gereffi  hitchhiked  across  the 
Sahara  Desert  from  Algeria  to  Central 
Niger.  "I  got  a  ride  with  an  Austrian  truck- 
driver  who  made  four  trips  a  year  across 
the  Sahara  in  a  flatbed  truck,  carrying  a 
Volkswagen  bus  he'd  purchased  in  Ger- 
many to  sell  in  West  Africa.  At  one  point, 
we  came  to  an  unmarked  fork  in  the  road. 
One  track  led  to  a  remote  desert  outpost 
and  the  other  on  to  Central  Niger.  I  had 
been  telling  the  driver  I  was  experienced 
in  the  desert.  He  made  me  get  out  and  feel 
the  sand  to  tell  him  which  tire  track  was 
the  freshest."  Having  earlier  demonstrated 
his  capacity  to  consume  chocolate  at  a 
world-class  rate,  he  had  just  managed  to 
prove  himself  a  world-class  tracker. 

Back  in  the  States  in  the  fall  of  1971, 
Gereffi  enrolled  at  Yale  to  pursue  a  doctor- 


ate in  sociology.  But  he  didn't  stay  put  for 
long.  To  research  his  dissertation  on  the 
role  of  the  multinational  pharmaceutical 
industry  in  Mexico,  Gereffi  spent  the  fol- 
lowing two  years  south  of  the  border.  He 
then  returned  to  the  States  to  take  supple- 
mentary courses  at  Boston  University  and 
Harvard,  and  to  perform  a  consulting  stint 
for  the  United  Nations  Centre  on  Transna- 
tional Corporations. 

Based  on  his  combined  field  work  in 
Mexico  and  international  work  for  the 
U.N.,  Gereffi  published  his  first  book  in 
1983.  The  Pharmaceutical  Industry  and  De- 
pendency in  the  Third  World  focused  on 
Mexico's  effort  to  capture  a  larger  share  of 
the  production  of  steroidal  hormones  (a 
substance  made  from  the  Mexican  barbas- 
co  plant  and  used  in  contraceptive  pills 
and  anti-inflammatory  drugs)  through  the 
creation  of  a  state-owned  firm. 

Development  of  state-owned  industries 
was  much  in  vogue  in  the  1960s  and  1970s 
in  Latin  America.  It  was  believed  that  state 
enterprises  could  be  an  effective  counter- 
weight to  the  market  power  of  multina- 
tional corporations.  Gereffi  found  that  state- 
owned  firms  could  be  effective  in  running 
natural  resource  industries  such  as  oil  or 
copper,  which  involved  supplying  a  single 
raw  material  that  the  state  could  control. 
Conversely,  he  found  state-owned  firms 
were  not  likely  to  succeed  in  manufactur- 
ing industries,  which  involved  changing 
technologies  and  shifting  export  markets. 

"It  is  very  difficult  for  a  third  world 
country  to  use  a  state-owned  enterprise  as 
an  instrument  of  industrial  policy  in  a  tech- 
nologically advanced  and  rapidly  changing 
industry  such  as  pharmaceuticals,"  Gereffi 
says.  "State-owned  industries  are  too  inef- 
ficient and  cumbersome  to  keep  pace  with 
technological  changes  and  shifting  export 
markets  in  the  world  economy." 

Gereffi  began  teaching  at  Duke  in  1980. 
He  spent  much  of  the  next  decade  re- 
searching the  differences  between  Latin 
American  and  East  Asian  economic  devel- 
opment. Both  of  these  regions  entered  the 


44 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


post- World  War  II  era  with  aspirations  for 
involving  multinational  corporations  in 
their  economic  development.  But  thirty 
years  later,  Latin  American  economies  were 
mired  in  debt,  while  East  Asia  had  become 
a  world  economic  power.  Gereffi  wanted 
to  identify  which  factors  were  responsible 
for  the  regions'  diverse  fates. 

The  results  of  his  groundbreaking 
research  were  published  in  1990  in  Manu- 
facturing Miracles,  co-edited  with  the  late 
Donald  Wyman  of  the  University  of  Cali- 
fornia at  San  Diego,  and  published  by 
Princeton  University  Press.  The  book  claims 
that  the  East  Asian  region's  economic  suc- 
cess relative  to  Latin  America  has  been 
due  in  large  part  to  their  strategy  of  pro- 
moting the  export  of  manufactured  goods, 
versus  Latin  America's  strategy  of  inducing 
multinational  corporations  to  come  in  and 
provide  goods  for  their  own  needs. 

But  Gereffi  also  found  that  historical 
and  cultural  factors  had  as  much  to  do 
with  the  respective  fates  of  each  region  as 
did  the  economic  strategies.  "The  East 
Asian  nations  are  characterized  by  an 
unusual  longevity  of  political  leadership," 
Gereffi  says.  "Chiang  Kai-shek  of  Taiwan 
was  in  power  for  a  quarter  of  a  century. 
Park  Chung-hee  ruled  South  Korea  for 
eighteen  years.  This  allowed  their  govern- 
ments to  galvanize  society  behind  their  eco- 
nomic development  strategies.  Much  of 
Latin  America,  by  contrast,  went  through 
a  wrenching  transition  from  democracy  to 
military  regimes  that  soon  led  to  an  era  of 
instability  and  economic  decline  fueled  by 
the  debt  crisis  of  the  1980s." 

In  terms  of  cultural  differences,  Gereffi 
points  to  East  Asians'  tendency  for  saving 
money  (they  boast  the  world's  highest  sav- 
ings rates)  and  the  high  importance  they 
place  on  education.  This  is  in  contrast  to 
the  Latin  Americans,  who  lean  more 
toward  consumption  than  savings,  and 
give  more  importance  to  cultural  heritage 
than  personal  achievement. 

In  the  past  two  years,  Gereffi  has  re- 
turned to  researching  the  role  of  specific 
industries  as  they  relate  to  international 
competitiveness.  The  role  of  multinational 
corporations  in  developing  countries  has 
been  undergoing  significant  change  in  re- 
cent years.  The  traditional  model  of  foreign- 
based  corporations  setting  up  manufactur- 
ing subsidiaries  in  developing  countries 
still  holds  true  for  what  Gereffi  calls  "pro- 
ducer-driven" industries — automobiles,  com- 
puters, and  machinery.  These  relatively 
high-tech  products  require  a  lot  of  capital 
and  knowledge  to  manufacture,  making  it 
difficult  for  developing  countries  to  gain 
entry  without  the  help  of  multinationals. 

There  is  another  kind  of  industry — what 
Gereffi  calls  "buyer-driven" — that  is  equal- 
ly important  in  the  global  economy.  Gar- 


Gereffi:  "domestic  economies  are  a  thing  of  the  past" 

ments,  shoes,  toys,  and  housewares 
account  for  a  significant  share  of  U.S. 
imports.  Over  the  years,  Americans  have 
witnessed  the  migration  of  the  manufac- 
turing arms  of  these  industries  from  the 
northern  states  to  the  South,  and  from  the 
South  to  overseas  production  sites.  But  the 
image  of  Levi  jeans  being  produced  only 
by  Levi  factories  in  the  Philippines  or 
Mexico  is  now  equally  outdated.  Instead, 
retailers  and  brand-name  companies  con- 
tract out  the  manufacture  of  their  products 
to  hundreds  of  privately-owned  firms  in 
dozens  of  countries. 

"Many  of  the  best-known  brand-name 
manufacturers  have  become  companies 
without  factories,"  Gereffi  says.  "Neither 
Reebok  nor  Nike,  for  example,  make  a  sin- 
gle shoe  in  their  own  plants.  All  they  do  is 
design  and  market  them.  The  extent  of 
globalized  production  is  staggering.  I  found 
one  company  that  sources  products  for 
forty  different  department  stores  in  nearly 
seventy  countries." 

Gereffi  says  the  disposal  of  manufactur- 
ing operations  around  the  globe  and  the 
rise  of  global  commodity  chains  has  ren- 
dered the  cries  of  "Buy  American"  almost 
meaningless.  "What's  American  and  what 
isn't?  Is  a  Ford  with  parts  manufactured  in 
half-a-dozen  countries  and  assembled  in 
the  U.S.  an  American  car?  How  about  a 
Honda  assembled  in  the  U.S.?" 

The  emergence  of  buyer-driven  com- 
modity chains  has  both  good  and  bad 
implications  for  developing  nations.  On 
the  plus  side,  lots  of  employment  is  gener- 
ated for  third  world  countries  at  relatively 
early  stages  in  their  industrial  develop- 
ment. The  intense  competition  among 
manufacturers  to  secure  and  maintain  con- 
tracts also  has  established  international 
norms  for  quality  and  timeliness  that  might 


have  taken  years  to  develop  if  production 
was  based  strictly  on  local  consumption. 
And  it  is  a  great  way  for  developing  coun- 
tries to  gain  hard  currency. 

The  drawback  is  that  the  local  indus- 
tries set  up  to  supply  global  production 
networks  tend  to  be  low-wage  and  low- 
skill,  conferring  few  of  the  ingredients  nec- 
essary to  elevate  an  impoverished  country 
to  the  status  of  a  Korea  or  Taiwan,  much 
less  a  Japan.  And  because  the  buyers  gen- 
erally have  no  investment  in  terms  of  bricks 
and  mortar  in  any  of  the  manufacturing 
operations,  they  can  shift  their  allegiance 
at  a  moment's  notice  to  whichever  country 
will  offer  the  best  deal. 

"The  export  window  may  only  last  a 
year  or  two  before  the  buyer  moves  on," 
Gereffi  says.  "Buyers  will  shift  for  econom- 
ic or  political  reasons.  You  can  forget  try- 
ing to  organize  labor  or  passing  environ- 
mental controls." 

All  of  this  would  tend  to  support  the 
negative  predictions  made  for  George 
Bush's  showcase  piece  of  economic  legisla- 
tion— the  North  American  Free  Trade 
Agreement  (NAFTA).  Critics  contend 
that  the  pact  will  only  hasten  the  with- 
drawal of  manufacturing  concerns  from 
the  U.S.  to  Mexico  (estimates  of  job-loss 
range  from  100,000  to  500,000  high- wage 
industrial  jobs),  and  result  in  more  pollu- 
tion and  lower  wages  as  industries  sink  to 
the  lowest  common  denominator  in  order 
to  attract  or  keep  business. 

Gereffi  agrees  that  the  U.S.  and  Canada 
will  lose  a  substantial  number  of  jobs  in 
the  short  run,  although  he  says  most  of  the 
manufacturing  concerns  that  would  relo- 
cate to  Mexico  have  already  left.  But  he 
says  there  will  be  long-term  gains  for  the 
North  American  region,  and  regional  com- 
petitiveness— not  national  concerns — is 
where  this  sociologist  thinks  the  future  lies. 

"Domestic  economies  are  a  thing  of  the 
past,"  Gereffi  says.  "There  is  no  longer  an 
insulated  market  that  national  manufac- 
turers can  supply,  only  an  intensely  com- 
petitive global  market."  Gereffi  thinks  that 
NAFTA  can  help  North  American  firms 
recapture  some  of  the  production  that  has 
moved  to  Asia  in  recent  years.  And  he 
says  there  are  clear  benefits  to  the  U.S.  if 
Mexico's  economy  is  improved. 

Granting  that  wage  and  environmental 
standards  in  Mexico  may  never  equal 
those  in  the  U.S.,  Gereffi  says  it  is  impor- 
tant for  the  U.S.  to  maintain  an  industrial 
presence  within  its  own  borders — most 
logically  in  high-tech  industry.  He  also 
says  there  are  some  distinct  advantages  to 
having  manufacturing  facilities  located 
close  to  their  support  industries.  "A  perfect 
example  is  computer  software.  The  U.S.  is 

Continued  on  page  48 


November-D 


e  c  e  mne: 


1  992 


STOPPING  THE 
CLOCK 


The  first  large-scale  studies  of  mortali- 
ty cast  doubt  on  the  idea  that  there  is 
a  biologically  fixed  life  span  for  fruit 
flies  and  possibly  for  humans,  suggesting 
that  after  a  certain  advanced  age,  a  person's 
chance  of  dying  may  begin  to  level  off. 

Previous  studies  on  populations  of  peo- 
ple, other  mammals,  and  birds  have  found 
that  death  rates  gradually  accelerate  with 
age  throughout  the  life  span  of  an  individ- 
ual. But  the  new  studies  indicate  that 
beyond  a  certain  advanced  age,  death  rates 
slow  down.  In  other  words,  there  is  no  bio- 
logical clock  with  a  preset  midnight  hour. 

"The  notion  that  there's  some  fixed 
limit  to  a  person's  life,  which  you  inherit 
from  your  parents,  is  overly  simple,"  says 
James  Vaupel,  a  population  analyst  at 
Duke's  Center  for  Demographic  Studies 
and  co-author  of  two  studies  reported  in 
Science.  Basic  genetic  function  in  humans 
and  flies  is  similar,  says  Vaupel,  so  compar- 
ing mortality  and  survival  rates  for  humans 
and  flies  is  less  of  an  "apples  and  oranges" 
comparison  than  it  may  seem.  Animal 
models,  he  adds,  are  the  foundations  for 
much  of  biological  research  on  human 
aging  and  disease. 

In  one  study,  University  of  California- 
Davis  entomology  professor  James  Carey 
and  his  colleagues,  including  Vaupel,  fol- 
lowed the  lives  and  deaths  of  more  than  one 
million  genetically  diverse  Mediterranean 
fruit  flies  (Medflies)  to  find  out  if  the 
death  rates  at  advanced  ages  would  imply 


an  upper  life  span  limit.  They  did  not. 

In  a  companion  study,  James  Curtsinger, 
professor  of  ecology,  evolution,  and  behav- 
ior at  the  University  of  Minnesota,  and  his 
colleagues,  including  Vaupel,  found  similar 
results,  but  with  genetically  homogeneous 
samples  of  fruit  flies. 

According  to  Vaupel,  Duke  researchers 
have  found  similar  mortality  patterns  in 
humans  eighty-five  years  and  older.  Ken- 
neth G.  Manton  and  Eric  Stallard,  both  of 
the  demographic  studies  center,  have 
focused  on  selected  populations  that  prac- 
tice healthy  lifestyles  and  suggest  potential 
human  life  expectancies  into  the  nineties. 
Together  with  the  fruit  fly  findings,  Vau- 
pel suggests  these  survival  patterns  will 
create,  by  the  middle  of  the  next  century, 
a  significant  rise  in  the  number  of  people 
in  the  United  States  older  than  eighty- 
five:  from  1  percent,  or  2  million,  to  15-20 
percent,  or  50-60  million. 


ARBORETUM 
UPGRADED 


B 


otany  professor  William  Culberson, 
director  of  the  Sarah  P.  Duke  Gar- 
dens, decided  to  use  twenty  acres  of 
undeveloped  land  eight  years  ago  to  culti- 
vate a  collection  of  Chinese,  Korean,  and 
Japanese  trees  and  shrubs.  Now,  additions 
to  the  gardens'  Asiatic  arboretum  have  en- 
hanced the  setting. 

A  new  gate  at  the  arboretum's  entrance 
marks  a  fresh  beginning  for  the  Asiatic 
collection,  says  horticulturist  Paul  Jones, 


LEMURS  ON  LETTERMAN 


VJ& 


Poe,  a  gremlin-like 
aye-aye,  and 
three  other 
lemurs  from  Duke's 
Primate  Center  were 
featured  on  NBC's 
Late  Night  with  David 
Letterman  in  October. 
Primate  Center 
Director  Kenneth 
Glander  appeared 
on  the  show  with 
the  four  lemurs  to 
discuss  the  work  of  the 
center  and  the  lemurs' 


endangered  status. 
Besides  Poe,  Glander 
showed  a  fat-tailed 
dwarf  lemur,  a  slender 
loris,  and  a  pygmy 
loris. 

"We  chose  these 
lemurs  because  they're 
the  easiest  to  handle  on 
trips.  But  they  all  hap- 
pen to  be  nocturnal,  so 
we  think  it's  ap- 
propriate that  they 
appear  on  Late  'Night," 
says  Glander. 


The  Primate  Center 
also  announced  the 
October  birth  of  the 
world's  second  cap- 
tively  bred  aye-aye, 
following  on  the  heels 
of  the  April  birth  of 
Blue  Devil,  the  first 
aye-aye  ever  to  be  born 
in  captivity. 

The  lemurs  were 
featured  in  the  July- 
August  1992  issue  of 
Duke  Magazine. 


who  has  been  in 
charge  of  the  arbore- 
tum since  1984-  "The 
gate  with  the  name 
of  the  arboretum  en- 
graved on  the  lime- 
stone step  gives  the 
place  its  own  identi- 
ty. Up  until  now  it 
really  was  more  of 
a  growing  collection  Asian  minimalism: 
of  plants  than  a  dis-  a  simple  shelter  for 
tinct  garden."  resting  in  Duke  Gardens' 

Tucked  away  in  a    arboretum 
secluded  section  of 

the  arboretum,  a  new  small  seating  shelter 
offers  a  quiet  place  for  contemplation,  ac- 
cording to  Jones,  who  says  it  was  inspired 
by  the  type  of  rustic  shelter  where  guests 
assemble  before  going  to  the  traditional 
Japanese  tea  ceremony.  The  privacy  of  the 
setting  will  be  ensured  by  a  screen  of  tim- 
ber bamboo,  and  a  small  pool  and  Japanese 
stone  lantern  will  be  added  in  the  clearing 
with  the  shelter. 

In  a  different  section  of  the  arboretum,  a 
new  bridge  arches  over  a  stream  entering  a 
large  pond.  "The  railing  system  is  the  in- 
teresting part  of  the  bridge's  design,"  says 
Jones.  "We  needed  something  there  to  at- 
tract people  to  that  area.  As  people  walk 
across  the  dam  on  the  opposite  end,  the 
bridge  appears  very  appealing." 

Hand-crafted  stone  garden  ornaments, 
including  a  large  lantern  designed  to  fit  in 
the  side  of  a  hill,  several  water  basins,  and 
a  snow-viewing  lantern  that  is  typically 
used  near  the  edge  of  a  pond  or  lake,  have 
been  imported  on  consignment  from  a 
Japanese  company  for  use  in  the  arboretum. 


TERRIFIC 
TEACHING 

Four  professors  were  honored  for  out- 
standing teaching  at  Duke.  Three  re- 
ceived the  Trinity  College  Distin- 
guished Teaching  Award:  Robert  Bryant, 
Juanita  M.  Kreps  Professor  of  Mathemat- 
ics; William  O'Barr,  professor  of  cultural 
anthropology;  and  Julie  Tetel,  assistant 
professor  of  English. 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


The  Trinity  College  awards  were  estab- 
lished in  1984  by  the  Undergraduate  Fac- 
ulty Council  of  Arts  and  Sciences  to  rec- 
ognize outstanding  teaching  in  Trinity 
College.  A  faculty  committee  selects  the 
three  winners  after  receiving  nominations 
from  students  and  faculty. 

Roy  Weintraub,  professor  of  economics, 
received  the  Howard  Johnson  Distin- 
guished Teaching  Award,  established  by 
the  Howard  Johnson  Foundation  to  honor 
faculty  whose  teaching  "inspires  confi- 
dence in  the  traditions  of  American  democ- 
racy and  Western  civilization." 

Bryant  is  known  for  his  success  in  teach- 
ing calculus  to  freshmen.  Using  Duke's 
innovative  and  award-winning  Project 
CALC,  he's  helped  students  learn  to  think 
logically  and  not  just  mechanically  in 
working  through  problems. 

O'Barr's  fame  comes  from  a  course 
called  "Advertising  and  Society,"  which 
has  drawn  up  to  350  students  per  year  for 
the  last  decade.  He  attributes  its  popularity 
to  such  "central  and  timeless  questions"  as 
where  does  culture  come  from,  how  is  it 
created,  and  who  creates  it? 


Tetel's  endeavors  include  writing  romance 
novels  as  well  as  academic  papers  on  lin- 
guistics. She  says  her  attitudes  about  her 
work  and  her  life  philosophies  probably 
have  more  to  do  with  her  teaching  success 
than  natural  ability.  "There's  no  difference 
to  me  between  issues  that  affect  the  class- 
room and  those  that  affect  the  outside 
world.  To  me,  teaching  is  such  an 
extremely  permeable  thing  that  it  just  nat- 
urally affects  the  rest  of  my  life  and  the 
rest  of  my  life  affects  it." 

Weintraub,  former  head  of  the  Academ- 
ic Council,  is  doing  research  this  semester 
in  Italy. 


BELLS  ARE 
RINGING 


Duke  Chapel's  sixty-year-old  carillon 
was  rededicated  in  October  with  a 
recital  played  by  university  caril- 
lonneur  J.  Samuel  Hammond.  For  more 
than  three  months  this  summer,  the  fifty 
bells  of  the  carillon,  usually  heard  on  cam- 
B  pus  at  5  p.m.  and 
5  Sundays  before  and 
I  after  chapel  services, 
were  silent. 

The  John  Taylor 
Company  of  Lough- 
borough, England, 
the  same  company 
that  cast  and  in- 
stalled the  original 
carillon  in  1932,  was 
responsible  for  the 
$550,000  restoration 
project.  Craftsmen 
from  the  foundry 
worked  in  Duke's 
chapel  tower  for 
more  than  two 
months  creating  a 
new  frame  for  the 
upper  bells,  replacing 
the  old  clappers  and 
other  worn  mecha- 
nisms, and  installing 
a  new  keyboard  and 
practice  instrument. 
"Everything, 
except  for  the  lower 
steel  framework  for 
the  bells  and  the 
bells  themselves,  is 
new,"  says  Ham- 
mond. "The  old  bells 
sound  better.  They 
sound  clearer,  more 
in  tune,  and  much 
more  melodious." 


CONSTRUCTION 
UPDATE 


Campus  construction  proceeded  at  a 
rapid  pace  during  the  summer.  Pro- 
jects either  concluded  or  started 
include  the  construction  of  two  major 
campus  buildings,  a  law  school  addition, 
renovation  of  two  key  academic  buildings, 
and  the  enhancing  of  several  residence 
halls  with  computer-data  links  and  other 
features.  And  in  response  to  the  recom- 
mendation of  a  biking  committee,  a  bike 
path  was  developed  linking  East  and  West 
Campus  along  Campus  Drive  and  Chapel 
Drive. 

A  $5-million  renovation  to  the  Carr 
Building  on  East  Campus  upgraded  class- 
rooms and  the  language  laboratory.  The 
renovation  provided  office  space  to  house 
all  faculty  offices  in  the  history  department 
in  one  location.  For  years,  the  department 
was  divided  among  four  far-flung  build- 
ings. Most  history  classes,  as  well,  are  now 
based  in  Carr.  Several  new  seminar  rooms 
are  equipped  with  audiovisual  equipment, 
including  multiple  monitors. 

The  Old  Chemistry  Building  received  a 
$6-million  facelift,  which  included  the 
installation  of  new  electrical  and  mechani- 
cal systems  throughout  the  building. 

Work  is  also  progressing  on  the  $77-mil- 
lion  interdisciplinary  Levine  Science  Re- 
search Center,  located  behind  the  engi- 
neering complex;  the  new  building  for  the 
Terry  Sanford  Institute  of  Public  Policy, 
across  from  the  law  school;  and  the  law 
school's  addition  and  renovations. 


bling  frame  that  /louses  chapel's  upper  carillon 


New  and  improved:  framcu  ork  ones  up  for  the  expan- 
sile Levine  Science  Research  Center,  top;  Carr  Build- 
ing interior  improvements  include  spacious  seminar 
rooms,  above 


DISASTER 
DIVERTED 


potentially  disastrous  hostage  situ- 
ation at  Duke  Medical  Center 
ended  when  an  escaped  prisoner 
was  shot  and  mortally  wounded.  On  Octo- 
ber 27,  Ricky  Lamont  Coffin  took  four 
hostages  at  the  Baker  House  in  the  hospi- 
tal's south  division.  All  tour  were  medical 
center  employees;  two  were  released  to 
carry  demands  to  police. 

After  a  tense,  hour-and-a-half  standoff, 
during  which  Coffin  fired  shots  from  a  sec- 
ond-floor office  window,  a  police  sharp- 
shooter located  in  a  parking  deck  across 
the  street  shot  Coffin  in  the  head.  He  died 


later  that  evening.  No  one  else  was 
injured. 

Coffin,  a  twenty-three-year-old  Durham 
native,  had  escaped  from  the  Guilford 
County  Jail  in  High  Point,  North  Carolina, 
where  he  was  being  held  on  burglary  charges. 
After  a  high-speed  chase  to  Durham,  Cof- 
fin eluded  police  until  mid-afternoon, 
when  he  entered  the  medical  center. 

Medical  center  chancellor  Ralph  Sny- 
derman  said  the  outcome  was  "tragic,  but 
the  tragedy  was  infinitesimally  smaller 
than  it  could  have  been,  and  we  are  all 
grateful  for  that."  The  day  after  the  inci- 
dent, Snyderman  convened  a  forum  for 
employees  to  voice  their  concerns;  more 
than  450  people  attended. 


MASTER  MUSICIAN 


Composer  Kuss:  mixing  the  popular  a)\d 
the  traditional  in  music 


A  single  word  is 
etched  in  graf- 
fiti in  the  con- 
crete walkway  just  out- 
side East  Campus' 
Mary  Duke  Biddle 
Music  Building,  and 
Mark  Kuss,  a  Ph.D. 
candidate  in  composi- 
tion, reacts  with  char- 
acteristic ambivalence. 
The  word  is  "Mozart," 
which  Kuss  says  hon- 
ors an  obsolete,  yet 
revered,  tradition  in 
music  and  points  to  the 
complexities  of  com- 
posing in  the  twentieth 
century. 

"There  are  so  few 
people  still  interested  in 
Western  classical 
music,  and  even  fewer 
interested  in  contempo- 
rary classical,"  explains 
Kuss.  "The  symphony 


orchestra  has  been 
obsolete  for  years.  I  say 
that  glibly,  but  with 
great  sorrow.  It's  the 
single  greatest  instru- 
ment mankind  has  ever 
produced. 

"It's  a  complicated 
time  for  both  popular 
music  and  traditional 
classical.  The  two  are, 
in  a  sense,  really  polar- 
ized, and  yet  there's 
room  for  integration 
between  the  two.  I'm 
trying,  like  many  other 
composers,  to  incorpo- 
rate both  formats — the 
formal  aspects  of  tradi- 
tional classic  and  the 
stylistic  characteristics 
of  pop  music — into 
new  classical." 

"Contraband,"  Kuss' 
recent  award-winning 
piece,  is  a  five-move- 


ment sonata  for  violin 
and  piano,  which,  as 
the  name  implies,  bor- 
rows— well,  steals — 
from  sources  that 
include  Bach,  Bartok, 
and  Namibian  folk 
music.  "I'm  constantly 
trying  to  resolve  the 
discrepancy  between 
the  music  I  grew  up 
with  and  the  music  I 
really  like,"  says  Kuss. 
"['Contraband']  is  a 
reaction  to  the  music  I 
grew  up  with  on  radio 
and  TV." 

A  recent  review  in 
the  San  Francisco 
Chronicle  described 
"Contraband"  as 
"sweet,  lyrical,  and 
conservative,  romantic 
in  the  sense  that  you 
feel  the  personal  direct- 
ness of  the  music's 
address."  Overall,  it  has 
been  met  with  high 
critical  acclaim:  The 
piece  was  awarded  first 
prize  in  the  1992  Lee 
Ettleson  Composer's 
Competition,  entitling 
it  to  be  performed  in 
San  Francisco  under 
the  auspices  of  Com- 
posers Inc.  New  Ameri- 
can Music  for  the  1992- 
93  season. 

What  is  particularly 
striking  about  the 
piece,  says  Kuss,  are 
the  contrasts  between 
movements  of  har- 
monic complexity  and 
simplicity  and  textures 
of  density  and  trans- 
parency. Kuss  says  his 
synthesis  of  piano,  vio- 
lin, and  indigenous 
Namibian  music  re- 
flects the  current  trends 
in  composition.  "I'm 


real  critical  of  Paul 
Simon,  but  I'm  doing 
the  exact  same  thing," 
he  says,  referring  to 
Simon's  blockbuster 
world-pop  albums, 
Qraceland  and  Rhythm 
of  the  Saints. 

Kuss  graduated  from 
New  England  Conser- 
vatory in  1985  and 
moved  to  Seatde, 
where  he  lived  the 
musician's  life,  com- 
posing and  playing  jazz 
piano.  He  also  started  a 
nonprofit  performance 
ensemble,  the  Wash- 
ington Composers 
Forum,  which  still 
exists  in  Seattle.  And 
last  May,  his  compos- 
ing was  honored  once 
again  with  a  $5,000 
Charles  E.  Ives  Scholar- 
ship from  the  Ameri- 
can Academy  and 
Institute  of  Arts  and 
Letters,  an  award  given 
to  young  composers  to 
help  them  continue 
their  studies. 

Despite  such  recog- 
nition, Kuss  attempts  to 
put  his  music  into 
proper  perspective  by 
keeping  a  healthy  dis- 
tance from  it  and 
always  questioning  the 
purpose  of  his  creative 
efforts. 

"If  I  continue  to 
question  the  validity  of 
what  I'm  doing,  I'm  not 
as  likely  to  get  to  that 
point  where  I  think  it's 
far  more  important 
than  it  is.  I  always  fight 
with  the  ambivalence." 

— Jonathan  Douglas 


COMPETING 

Continued  from  page  45 

a  leader  in  the  production  of  software,  but 
the  software  must  develop  hand-in-hand 
with  computer  hardware.  If  we  didn't 
make  computers,  we  would  lose  the  chal- 
lenge to  come  up  with  new  and  better 
applications." 

In  any  case,  Ger- 
effi  asserts  that  the 
way  to  establish  or 
maintain  a  domestic 
industrial  presence  is 
not  through  the  im- 
position of  quotas  on  A; 
imports,  as  some 

politicians  contend.  "They  won't  work," 
Gereffi  says  flatly.  "What  happens  when 
you  impose  quotas  on  certain  goods  is  that 
the  affected  countries  simply  develop 
something  better.  A  perfect  example  is  the 
car  industry.  We  put  quotas  on  the  import 
of  small  cars  by  Japan,  so  now  they've 
moved  on  to  being  a  major  producer  of 
luxury  cars  and  pick-up  trucks." 

Gereffi  believes  U.S.  industries  must  de- 
sign products  specifically  for  the  export  mar- 
ket, rather  than  just  for  domestic  con- 
sumption. "American  companies  used  to 
base  their  growth  on  selling  to  the  Ameri- 
can public,"  he  says.  "With  the  global 
economy,  we  can  no  longer  control  that 
market.  To  get  the  volume  of  sales  we 
need  to  be  profitable,  and  to  get  ideas  for 
new  products,  we  must  design  for  the 
export  market." 

American  businesses  have  complained 
in  the  past  about  foreign-imposed  barriers 
to  selling  their  products  overseas,  when  in 
fact,  says  Gereffi,  their  products  are  often 
not  designed  with  foreign  buyers  in  mind. 
"Again,  the  car  industry  is  a  perfect  exam- 
ple. American  auto  makers  have  com- 
plained that  the  Japanese  won't  buy  their 
cars.  One  of  the  reasons  is  that  we  are 
making  full-sized,  left-hand  drive  cars 
when  the  Japanese  need  smaller  cars  with 
right-hand  drive." 

Gereffi  wants  to  apply  what  he  has 
learned  about  the  successful  East  Asian 
economies  to  North  America.  He  wants  to 
know  why  East  Asian  countries  are  making 
substantial  investments  in  North  America, 
and  what  lessons  U.S.  companies  can  learn 
from  East  Asian  ones  about  competing  in 
the  global  marketplace. 

"Older  literature  argues  that  we  should 
use  Western  economies  to  gauge  those  of 
other  nations,"  he  says.  "At  least  in  terms 
of  East  Asian  economics,  I  think  we  could 
learn  more  by  doing  it  the  other  way 
around."  ■ 


John  Manuel 
Durham. 


a  free-lance  writer  living  ; 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


L 


Louis  Horst:  Musician  in  a 
Dancer's  World. 

B}  Janet  Mansfield  Soares.  Durham:  Duke 
Press,  1992.  251  pp.  $29.95. 

egend  has  it  that  composer 
Louis  Horst  used  to  lock 
Martha  Graham  in  a  room 
and  not  let  her  out  until 
she  completed  a  choreo- 
graphic phrase  that  met 
with  his  approval — a 
phrase  free  of  frills,  pared 
"to  the  hone."  Whether  that's  true  doesn't 
really  matter,  but  what  does  matter  is  that 
most  people  in  the  modern  dance  world 
don't  question  the  possibility. 

Louis  Horst  had  that  kind  of  reputation. 
He  was  a  controversial  character  whom 
the  late  actor  John  Houseman  could  have 
portrayed  authentically  on  the  screen. 
Horst  is  a  juicy  choice  for  a  biography,  and 
writing  about  him  means  writing  about 
Martha  Graham,  a  figure  so  lusty  that 
Madonna  has  bought  the  rights  to  her  story. 
Janet  Mansfield  Soares,  one  of  Horst's 
many  proteges,  capitalized  on  her  first- 
hand knowledge  of  the  composer  and 
musician  who,  with  German  roots,  quite 
literally  helped  shape  modern  American 
dance.  Soares'  book  Louis  Horst:  Musician 
in  a  Dancer's  World  chronicles  his  life  from 
cradle  to  grave,  extrapolating  material  from 
his  daily,  lean  journal  entries,  from  inter- 
views with  those  he  affected,  and  from  var- 
ious other  sources,  including  the  dance  col- 
lections at  Barnard  College,  the  New  York 
Public  Library,  and  the  Juilliard  School. 

To  chronicle  his  life  is  to  document  the 
evolution  of  modern  dance  in  America, 
and  Soares  uses  Horst  as  the  linchpin.  She 
captures  the  passions  of  the  times  as  the 
modernists  pulled  and  tugged  the  culture 
through  the  first  half  of  the  century.  It  was 
a  sensual  time  laid  against  an  intellectual 
landscape,  with  Freud  and  Anai's  Nin 
defining  sexuality,  Klee  and  Klimt  depict- 
ing the  light  and  shadow  that  Jung  intro- 
duced, and  Picasso  redefining  ugly  as  beau- 
tiful. Horst  and  Graham  took  their  line 
and  shape  cues  from  painters,  translating 
them  into  melody  and  movement. 

It's  clear  that  Soares  has  great  affection 
and  admiration  for  her  mentor  Horst,  as 


■d  with  women,  dance,  hawhall.  \>ci:-,chc,  and  mystery  thrillers 


did  so  many  modern  dancers  and  musi- 
cians involved  in  the  development  of 
modern  dance  in  this  century.  His  genius 
let  him  get  away  with  murder,  from  emo- 
tional eruptions,  dalliances  with  women, 
and  overt  conflicts  of  interest,  to  name  just 
a  few  of  his  larger-than-life  flourishes.  Her 
unbridled  bias  and  love  come  through  re- 
peatedly and  fuel  the  book. 

But  that's  equally  part  of  the  problem. 
The  book  lacks  balance  and  sufficient  ten- 
sion to  counter  page  after  page  of  acco- 
lades from  friends  and  colleagues,  dedica- 
tions, and  honorary  degrees.  New  York 
Times  dance  critic  John  Martin  called 
Horst  "the  perennial  pianistic  patron  saint 
of  the  dance....  Louis  Horst  knows  more 
about  dancing  than  dancers."  Choreogra- 
pher Anna  Sokolow  said,  "He  introduced 
us  to  concerts,  how  to  go  to  museums — 
everything  that  feeds  or  inspires  you.  He 
made  us  realize  that  to  be  the  artist  you 
have  to  have  the  inspiration  from  the  cul- 
ture." And  in  1984,  Graham  finally  admit- 
ted of  her  mentor  and  lover  of  two  decades, 
"I  feel  so  deeply  that  without  him  I  could 
not  have  achieved  anything  I  have  done." 

There's  no  question  that  Louis  Horst  was 
the  rightful  bearer  of  such  high  praise  from 


dancers,  choreographers,  musicians,  and  ac- 
tors. But  Horst,  whom  modern  dance  pio- 
neer Doris  Humphrey  affectionately  called 
"a  bundle  of  contradictions,"  was  a  com- 
plex man  with  intense  fascinations  with 
women,  dance,  baseball,  Nietzsche,  mys- 
tery thrillers,  and  American  wars;  a  wom- 
anizer whose  sexual  identity  was  ques- 
tioned by  those  close  to  him;  a  workaholic 
who  would  give  away  his  piano  accompa- 
niment to  a  talented,  struggling  dancer 
one  minute  and  rip  away  another's  self- 
confidence  the  next. 

"Being  taken  over  the  coals"  by  Horst, 
Soares  says,  "had  become  the  imperative 
first  step  for  every  modern  dancer.  Most  of 
them  appreciated  that  important  elements 
of  his  work  with  Graham  filtered  into  their 
assignments."  Hanya  Holm,  one  of  the 
founders  of  the  Bennington  Summer 
School  of  Dance  in  1934  (which  later 
became  the  American  Dance  Festival), 
was  one  who  was  initially  stung  by  Horst. 
"He  treated  her  rudely  on  the  very  first  day 
of  the  session....  [She  hoped]  to  start  a 
friendly  conversation  in  her  native  Ger- 
man; he  refused  to  speak  to  her,  got  up 
abruptly,  and  stormed  off." 

Soares  fashions  a  decorative  line  draw- 


No* 


■Dt 


1  992 


49 


ing  of  Horst  through  these  remembrances 
and  digs  deep  into  the  man's  soul  and  psy- 
che as  often  as  possible.  But  she  is  limited 
in  what  she  can  do  because,  as  Graham 
said,  "Louis  was  too  private  a  man  to  write 
a  biography."  And  Soares  disclaims  her 
own  attempts:  "Graham's  word  'private' 
prepares  us  for  a  biographical  journey  into 
the  complex  maze  of  activities  led  by  a 
man  whom  an  extraordinary  number  of 
dancers  worshipped,  yet  few  really  knew." 

Louis  Horst,  the  son  of  German  peasant 
immigrants,  was  born  on  January  12,  1884, 
in  Kansas  City.  He  died  in  1964  in  New 
York  City.  In  between  those  eighty  years, 
he  crisscrossed  the  United  States,  racking 
up  experiences  like  some  people  accrue 
frequent  flyer  points.  He  played  clubs  in 
vaudeville,  accompanied  thousands  of 
dance  classes  and  performances,  composed 
new  music  for  a  new  dance  form,  was  an 
outdoorsman  and  a  gambler.  He  frequently 
toured  with  and  accompanied  Graham, 
absorbing  the  Southwest  and  Native 
American  forms  that  would  inform  her 
early  forays  into  modern  dance. 

But  Horst  had  come  to  the  world  of 
dance  inadvertently.  He  began  studying 
the  violin  and  piano  at  age  nine,  graduated 
from  the  Adams  Cosmopolitan  Public 
School  at  fifteen,  studied  music  in  Vienna, 
and  never  returned  to  formal  schooling 
again  because,  Soares  says,  he  "mistrusted 
education's  power  to  sanction  talent." 

"I  never  went  to  college,"  Horst  was 
fond  of  saying  to  people  years  later,  "I  only 
teach  there." 

He  married  Betty  Cunningham  in  Oak- 
land, California,  across  the  bay  from  San 
Francisco,  where  he  was  playing  pit  violin. 
The  Denishawn  Dance  Company,  per- 
forming in  the  Golden  Gate  City,  lost  its 
accompanist  through  a  "furious  row"  with 
its  star,  Ruth  St.  Denis.  Thirty-one-year- 
old  Horst  was  tapped  for  the  job.  Soon 
after,  in  1915,  Graham  joined  Denishawn. 
Horst  was  smitten:  "The  first  time  I  ever 
saw  Martha,  she  was  running  across  the 
tennis  courts  at  Denishawn.  I  watched  her 
from  my  window,  her  black  hair  flying.  She 
had  a  special  quality — like  a  wild  animal." 

Six  years  later  on  tour,  without  his  wife, 
Horst  was  seduced  by  Graham  in  her  hotel 
room,  according  to  Soares.  Ten  years  her 
senior,  he  became  Graham's  mentor  and 
lover  for  the  next  two  decades,  gently 
guiding  and,  at  the  same  time,  furiously 
driving  her  passions.  Agnes  de  Mille 
describes  their  relationship:  "He  scolded 
and  forced  and  chivied;  the  relationship 
was  full  of  storm  and  protest.  'You're 
breaking  me,'  she  used  to  say.  'You're 
destroying  me.'  'Something  greater  is  com- 
ing,' he  promised,  and  drove  her  harder." 
He  didn't  publicly  declare  his  feelings  for 
Graham  until  1924,  when  he  dedicated  a 


score  he  had  composed  for  her. 

In  spite  of  his  public  affair  with  Gra- 
ham, he  somehow  managed  to  remain 
friends  with  his  wife.  He  never  divorced 
her,  and  he  sent  her  money  throughout 
her  life. 

He  and  Graham  suffered  a  rocky  rela- 
tionship, splitting  up  many  times,  some- 
times over  professional  differences  and 
sometimes  personal  (Graham's  brief  affair 
with  a  young  artist,  for  example).  The  rea- 
sons for  their  partings,  however,  aren't 
fleshed  out  very  well  by  Soares,  who  makes 
tidy  little  packages  of  explanations.  Horst 
thought  they  had  "just  drifted  apart," 
while  Graham  was  "able  to  distance  herself 
emotionally  from  her  devoted  colleagues, 
particularly  Louis."  Regardless  of  the  state 
of  their  personal  relationship,  they  were 
bound  to  each  other  artistically. 

Through  working  with  Graham,  Horst 
developed  a  systemized  method  for  teach- 
ing dance  composition,  codified  it,  and 
sent  teaching  satellites  out  into  the  dance 
world  with  it.  He  also  changed  the  process 
between  dance  and  music,  asking  choreog- 
raphers to  make  the  dances,  and  then  have 
the  music  composed — a  reversal  from  tra- 
dition. But  then  breaking  tradition  is  very 
nearly  the  definition  of  modern  dance. 

Critics,  however,  were  slow  to  catch  on. 
When  Graham  began  to  get  bad  reviews, 
Horst,  along  with  her  brother-in-law, 
began  in  1934  the  famous  Dance  Observer. 
Horst  wrote  dance  reviews  of  Graham's 
work,  alongside  music  reviews  by  John 
Cage  and  Henry  Cowell.  It's  where  he 
published  his  legendary  four-inch  blank 
review  of  Paul  Taylor's  solo  Epic.  Horst,  it 
seems,  could  get  away  with  anything. 

And  so  could  Graham.  They  both 
adopted  his  belief  that  "artists  should  not 
be  burdened  by  commitment  to  any  one 
person."  He  became  enamored  of  Nina 
Fonaroff  during  a  stint  at  the  Cornish 
School  in  Washington,  and  was  with  her 
for  a  number  of  years.  Then  after  ten  years 
of  romantic  separation  from  Graham,  he 
left  her  professionally  in  1948  and  she  al- 
most immediately  married  Erick  Hawkins, 
the  first  male  dancer  in  her  company.  She 
was  fifty-four,  Hawkins  thirty-nine. 

Depression  and  bouts  of  low  self-confi- 
dence plagued  Horst,  yet  he  continued  to 
be  maniacally  productive.  Fonaroff  fell  in 
love  with  a  younger  man;  Graham  and 
Hawkins  split.  She  eventually  tumbled 
into  alcoholism.  Then  in  1954,  after  a 
seven-year  professional  split,  Graham 
wrote  him  an  out-of-the-blue  letter  of 
appreciation. 

After  Horst  suffered  a  second  heart  at- 
tack in  1962,  Graham  moved  him  into  a 
nearby  apartment  at  62nd  Street  and  York, 
where  she  could  keep  an  eye  on  him.  He 
died  at  Doctor's  Hospital  two  years  later 


with  Graham  and  Fonaroff  at  his  bedside. 

Louis  Horst:  Musician  in  a  Dancer's 
World  is  a  smooth  read  for  the  most  part, 
glued  together  with  musings  from  dance 
luminaries,  sprinkled  with  gossipy  tidbits, 
and  littered  a  bit  with  useless  quotes  that 
merely  stretch  what  is  already  inked.  But 
it's  an  entertaining  book  with  an  extensive 
section  of  notes,  references,  a  listing  of 
Horst's  scores,  and  a  brief  chronology  of 
his  life.  It's  a  book  that  would  fit  comfort- 
ably on  the  shelf  squeezed  between  Agnes 
de  Mille's  Martha  and  Graham's  own  Blood 
Memory. 

— Linda  Belans 


Belans  is  dance  critic  for  the  Raleigh  News  and 
Observer,  a  contributing  critic  to  National  Public 
Radio,  and  an  award-winning  commentator  for 
WUNC-FM.  She  lives  in  Durham. 


Blue  Calhoun 

B}     Reynolds     Price     '55.     New     York: 
Atheneum,  1992.  373  pp.  $23. 


Can  tragedy  ennoble 
the  common  man? 
asked  Arthur  Miller  in 
Death  of  a  Salesman,  a 
drama  about  adultery 
and  self-deception. 
Can  the  common  man 
escape  tragedy?  asks 
Reynolds  Price  in  B!ue  Calhoun,  a  novel 
about  adultery  and  self-obsession,  which 
might  be  subtitled,  Profound  Ambivalence 
of  a  Salesman. 

Price's  ninth  novel  opens  on  a  hot  April 
afternoon  in  1956.  Our  narrator,  Bluford 
Calhoun,  is  selling  sheet  music  and  band 
instruments  at  the  Atkinson  Music  Com- 
pany in  Raleigh,  his  hometown.  He's  been 
married  fifteen  yeats  but  sober  only  the 
past  two — nineteen  months  on  the  wagon, 
to  be  exact,  and  Blue  always  is — and  he's 
turned  thitty-five,  "a  rough  time  for  men, 
the  downhill  side." 

Nevertheless,  Blue  Calhoun  has  no  fore- 
boding premonitions.  "I  didn't  stare  off  at 
sunsets  and  grieve,"  he  tells  us.  In  fact,  he 
is  aiming — his  favorite  verb,  we  later 
learn — to  repay  Myra,  his  long-suffering 
wife,  Mattie,  his  pious  thirteen-year-old 
daughter,  and  Miss  Ashlyn,  his  pedantic 
mother,  with  "upright  kindness  and  every 
decent  thought." 

In  walks  Rita  Bapp,  an  old  high-school 
classmate,  with  her  sixteen-year-old  daugh- 
ter, Luna.  Blue  is  thunderstruck  (with 
Luna,  of  course).  "Everything  around  me 
shook  the  way  a  mad  dog  shakes  a  howling 
child,"  he  says,  although  he  soon  refines 
his  simile.  "My  whole  body  felt  like  a  child 
aborning,  pushed  helpless  down  a  dim  long 
tunnel  towatds  strong  new  light." 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


Blue  doesn't  know  how  he  feels,  can't 
decide  what  to  do,  doesn't  know  who  to 
turn   to.   He   takes   his   complaint   to  his 
mother,    to   Luna's   mother,    to   his   wife, 
even  to  his  daughter.  In  brief,  the  novel  is  a 
kind  ot  Confessions  of  Saint  Bluford,  to  offer 
another  subtitle,  a  mediation  on  his  heart's 
desire,  written  thirty  years  after  that  fateful 
spring  day  in  the  form  of  a  very  long 
letter  to  his  granddaughter,  Lyn,  still 
another  female  to  whom  he  must  do 
obeisance. 

"The  idea  that  you  might  not 
know  yourself,  right  down  through 
the  rind  on  your  callused  heels,  was 
as  foreign  then  as  the  fact  that — 
just  a  few  short  years  ago — there 
were  more  aborted  fetuses  in  Wash- 
ington, D.C.,  than  live  births,"  Blue 
explains  to  Lyn,  slipping  in,  as  is  his 
custom,  a  comparison  between  the 
Eighties  and  Fifties.  The  aside  is  not 
gratuitous — he  is  in  the  middle  of 
explicating  to  his  granddaughter  a 
discussion  he  once  had  with  his  wife 
about  his  lover's  abortion.  (The 
book  is  that  palimpsestic.)  "The  girl 
was  pregnant  with  no  known  father. 
I  hope  you  realize  how  I  felt  respon- 
sible for  some  at  least  of  the  trouble 
she  was  in — not  the  baby  though.  It 
was  not  my  baby!" 

The  topic  of  patrimony,  and  in- 
cest, are  much  on  the  mind  of  Blue 
Calhoun.    Who    is    whose    father, 
which  relative  is  lusting  for  which 
other  relative,  and,  with  less  pruri- 
ence,  what  constitutes  family,   are 
questions  he  raises  right  up  to  the 
last  page   in  this  discursive  book.  Then 
there's  Blue's  penchant  for  the  biblical.  He 
mentions  offhand  he  was  born  on  Christ- 
mas Eve,  for  example,  although  it  makes 
no  impression  on  him,  a  man  who  other- 
wise finds  providence  in  the  fall  of  a  spar- 
row. As  for  the  Freudian:  At  various  times, 
Blue  confesses  to  chaste  longings  for  his 
mother  and  his  daughter;  at  other  times, 
he  compares  Luna  to  them  both.  Mean- 
while,   he    doesn't    neglect    his    marital 
duties.  "Nights  in  bed  I  responded  to  Myra 
whenever  she  showed  she  expected  me, 
and  I  thanked  her  for  it.  But  I  don't  want 
to  tell  you  the  scenes  I  had  to  run  inside 
my  mind  to  help  me  bring  off  Myra  first 
and  then  manufacture  some  thrill  of  my 
own  like  a  buckshot  pellet  deep   in  my 
brain." 

In  obvious  ways,  Blue  Calhoun  conjures  up 
Nabokov's  Lolita.  Blue  Calhoun  and  Hum- 
bert Humbert,  both  susceptible  to  nubile 
adolescents,  write  to  justify  their  lives. 
Humbert,  however,  is  a  sophisticated — 
sophistic — litterateur  who  revels  in  his 
self-conscious  narrative;  Blue  is  at  pains  to 
be  plain,  but  of  course  is  anything  but. 


There's  the  rub.  Blue  is  too  florid. 
Raleighians  can't  all  talk  alike,  but  they  do 
in  this  story.  Black  teenagers,  white  grand- 
mothers, adults  of  both  sexes  and,  it  seems, 
every  race  and  class,  love  alliteration  and 
speak  like  characters  in  a  verse  drama. 
Here's  Bob  Barefoot,  just  about  the  only 
other  male   in  the  book,   Blue's  lifetime 

REYNOLDS 

PRICE 


BLUE 
CALHOUN 


friend  who  is  dying  of  leukemia:  "Blue, 
some  people's  friends  mean  a  whole  world 
to  them.  I  haven't  seen  Rita  since  she  left 
school  with  that  big  belly  a  lifetime  ago, 
but  what's  twenty-four  years  between  deep 
friends?  See,  Rita  once  told  me  that  I  was  a 
certified  child  of  God,  which  guaranteed 
me  room  in  Heaven  if  I  ever  died."  Good 
stuff,  no  doubt  about  it,  but  everyone 
maintains  the  same  pitch.  Perhaps  the  sub- 
title might  read,  Under  Magnolia  Wood. 

Reynolds  Price  is  a  gifted  writer  and  his 
talent  has  been  recognized  from  the  start, 
when  his  first  novel,  A  Long  and  Happy 
Life,  won  the  William  Faulkner  Award  in 
1962.  He  has  lived  up  to  his  early  promise, 
winning  the  National  Book  Critics  Circle 
Award  for  Kate  Vaiden  in  1986.  Between 
these  novels,  he  has  written  poetry,  plays, 
essays,  not  to  mention  his  television  work, 
his  memoir  Clear  Pictures,  and  the  lyrics  to 
a  tecent  James  Taylor  song,  "Copperline." 
His  Collected  Short  Stories  will  appear  next 
year.  He  is  by  all  accounts  a  fine  teacher, 
one  who  has  helped  nurture  other  impor- 
tant writers,  including  Anne  Tyler  '61, 
Josephine  Humphreys  '67,  and  David  Guy 


'70.  All  this  is  to  say  Price  is  among  the 
foremost  working  American  writers. 

He  may  also  be  the  preeminent  stylist 
among  his   peers,   and   critics  have   long 
argued  the  merits  of  that  style.  Stephen 
Spender,  the  English  poet  and  critic  who 
published  Price's  first  story  in  the  journal 
Encounter,  did  so  over  the  strident  objec- 
tions of  Dwight  Macdonald.  "He  is 
unique,    really,"    Spender   has    said 
about   Price.   "He  ranks  very  high, 
with  Eudora  Welty  and,  I  suppose, 
Faulkner.  Reynolds'  writing  is  a  kind 
of  writing  that  is  actually  poetry." 
Some  like  it,  some  don't.  Those  who 
do,  swear  by  it.  (Faulkner  once  com- 
plained   that    John    O'Hara,    who 
invented  the  New  Yorker  short  story, 
lacked  a  sense  of  style  because  he 
hadn't  read  enough.  Well,  Reynolds 
Price  is  no  John  O'Hara.) 

The  problem  with  style,  however, 
is  that  it  thrusts  the  author  into  the 
story  center  stage,  and  while  that  is 
all  right,  it  can  also  make  for  confu- 
sion when  the  author  and  narrator 
seem  to  be  the  same.  In  Blue  Cal- 
houn, we  see  Price's  lips  moving. 
Consequently,  our  attention  wan- 
ders from  the  story — and  it's  a  good 
story,  exploiting  important  philo- 
sophical and  contemporary  issues — 
to  the  mechanics  behind  it. 

There  are  many  moving  moments 
in  Blue  Calhoun,  foremost  of  which 
(and  in  contrast  to  the  number  of 
women    in    the    book)    are    those 
between  Blue  and  Bob  Barefoot  as 
he  lies  dying.  Thete  is  also  a  deep 
melancholy   about   the   novel,   as  though 
Blue's  restlessness  and  his  family's  fatalism 
feed  on  each  other  like  a  cancer,  a  disease 
that  claims  almost  everyone  in  the  novel. 
Cancer,  in  fact,  becomes  a  metaphor  for 
Blue's  consuming  guilt.   Although  he   is 
content  to  let  fate  drive  his  life,  he  never- 
theless assumes  his  actions  have  a  moral 
consequence  on  those  around  him.  These 
are  weighty  matters — sin,  free  will,  good 
and  evil — and  Price  mulls  over  topics  like 
war,  suicide,  murder,  as  well  as  adultery, 
abortion,  and  incest,  in  their  catholic  con- 
text— in  both  senses  of  the  word.  True, 
the  novel  is  often  frustrating.  But  its  edgy 
lyricism  haunts  the  reader  long  after  the 
covers  of  the  book  are  closed. 

— Rex  Roberts 


Roberts,  managing  editor  of  Columbia  Magazine, 
has  written  hook  reviews  for  thai  magazine,  the 
Philadelphia  Inquirer,  and  other  publications. 


November-Di 


I  992 


QUAD  QUOTES 


We  asked  Duke  faculty  to  recom- 
mend must-read  books  for  the  neif 
president  of  the  United  States.  The 
professors'  suggestions  follow ,  with 
their  brief  explanations  of  the  books' 
relevance: 


lessor  of  political  science: 

The  Presidential  Character;  Pre- 
dicting Performance  in  the  White 
House,  by  James  David  Barber 
and  The  American  Experiment, 
by  James  MacGregor  Burns,  a 
three-volume  series.  The  Consti- 
tution mandates  little  about 
presidential  behavior,  says  Bar- 
ber, whose  book  deals  with  issues 
of  character  in  the  twentieth 
century.  A  president  would  also 
do  well  to  bone  up  on  United 
States  history  and  read  biogra- 
phies of  Thomas  Jefferson  and 
Franklin  Roosevelt,  executives 
whom  he  might  wish  to  emulate. 

Norman  Christensen,  dean 
of  the  School  of  the  Envi- 


Changing  Course:  A  Global  Busi- 
ness Perspective  on  Development 
and  the  Environment,  by  Stephan 
Schmidheiny.  A  discussion  of 
the  economics  of  environmental 
conservation,  and  how,  in  an 
economic  sense,  environmental 
ethics  can  be  integrated  into 
business  considerations,  taking 
long-range  interests  into  account 
ahead  of  short-term  gains. 


sor  of  political  science: 

Why  Americans  Hate  Politics,  by 
E.J.  Dionne  Jr.  An  analysis  of  the 
policy  reasons  for  political  disaf- 


fection among  the  American 
people. 

Exporting  Democracy:  Fulfilling 
America's  Destiny,  by  Joshua 
Muravchik.  When  democracy 
has  seemingly  triumphed  across 
the  globe,  this  book  warns  us  not 
to  fall  into  a  state  of  passive  iso- 
lationism or  cynical  realism,  but 
instead  to  continue  standing  up 
for  human  rights. 

The  Color-Blind  Constitution,  by 
Andrew  Kull.  This  recent  study 
is  a  powerful  argument  against 
the  forces  that  stereotype  and 
divide  the  American  populace 
based  on  race  and  ethnicity. 

Stanley  Hauerwas,  divinity 
school  professor: 

The  Prime  Minister,  by  Anthony 
Trollope.  A  novel  that  illustrates 
integrity  in  office  and  how  to 
lose  gracefully. 


We  asked  twenty-five  undergradu- 
ates walking  around  the  Quad: 

Who  is  Barry  Wilson?  Who 
is  Mike  Krzyzewski?  How 
do  you  spell  Krzyzewski? 

Remarkably,  only  40  percent 
knew  that  Wilson  was  the  head 
coach  of  the  Blue  Devils  football 
team.  Perhaps  even  more  incred- 
ibly, only  88  percent  identified 
Krzyzewski  as  the  head  coach  of 
the  national-champion  men's 
basketball  squad.  (To  the  credit 
of  three  clueless  freshmen,  bas- 
ketball season  had  not  yet  started 
when  this  poll  was  taken.) 


Just  one  undergraduate  was  able 
to  correctly  spell  Krzyzewski. 
Other  responses  included  "Ksy- 
chewski,"  "Krweskey," 
"Krychevski,"  "Kryzwski,"  and 
"Kryzezewski."  One  sophomore 
woman  provided  the  most  cau- 
tious response:  "Well,  it  starts 
with  a  K." 


_    48W& 


Ask  the  Expert 


What's  wrong  with  NASA's 
blueprint  for  a  manned 
space  station? 

"The  space  program  was  left  out 
of  election-year  debate  because 
there's  political  consensus  about 
it.  Of  the  three  major  candidates, 
only  Ross  Perot  suggested  drop- 
ping the  space  station  program, 
but  didn't  make  it  a  real  issue. 
Over  the  years,  politicians  such 
as  Walter  Mondale  have  learned 
that  there's  no  political  advan- 
tage in  objecting  to  the  space 
program. 

"We  are  lumbering  inexorably 
toward  a  space  station,  which  will 
cripple  the  space  program  for 
decades  to  come.  It  will  tie  down 
resources  in  a  way  that  will  pre- 
clude other  initiatives.  A  space 
platform,  on  the  other  hand,  is  an 
intermediate  technology  which 
would  put  a  large-base  facility  in 
orbit.  Astronauts  could  visit  it 
periodically  at  a  fraction  of  the 
cost  of  a  permanently-manned 
facility.  There's  as  yet  no  clear 
rationale  for  why  a  space  station 
should  be  manned  continuously. 


professor  and  former  historian  at 
the  National  Aeronautics  and 


SEBEEEB 


"For  the  past  decade  our  city,  in 
my  estimation,  has  been  floun- 
dering. Issues  of  violent  crime, 
strained  race  relations,  and  dete- 
riorating school  systems  have 
gone  for  the  most  part  unresolved. 
Durham  appears  to  have  been 
trapped  in  civic  gridlock." 

-Duke  President  H.  Keith  H. 
Brodie,  speaking  to  civic  leaders  in 


"A  lot  of  people  just  get  up  and 
don't  take  a  shower." 


tory  8  a.m.  composition  tlasses  I 


"I  have  failed  this  university  with 
regard  to  the  new  athletic  facil- 
ity. It  is  my  greatest  failure.  We 
can  no  longer  continue  to  serve 
the  [students]  with  a  building 
that  was  built  in  the  1920s  and  a 
makeshift  $500,000  intramural 
building." 

of  Athletics  I 


trustees,  referring  to  Card  Gym  and 
the  adjacent  IM  building  on  West 


"There  has  not  been,  fundamen- 
tally, a  consistent  and  sustained 
commitment  to  a  first-rate  Afro- 
American  studies  program. 
We're  on  the  right  track  now, 
but  the  historic  deficiency  has  to 
be  recognized." 

n  Cook,  who  was 


compiled  by  Jonathan  Douglas 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


Duke  Alumni  Association 

Distinguished  Alumni  Award 

The  Distinguished  Alumni  Award  is  the  highest  award  presented  hy  the  Duke  Alumni 
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by  contributions  that  they  have  made  in  their  own  particular  fields  of  work,  or  in  service  to 
Duke  University,  or  in  the  betterment  of  humanity.  All  alumni,  other  than  current  Duke 
employees,  are  eligible  for  consideration. 

All  nominations  should  be  addressed  to  the  Awards  and  Recognition  Committee, 
Alumni  House,  614  Chapel  Drive,  Durham,  NC  27708.  Nominations  received  by  August  31 
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compiled  by  the  individual  submitting  the  nomination. 


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(Please  attach  curriculum  vitae,  letters  of  recommendation,  and  other  supporting  documents) : 


Submitted  by  Phone  Day  Evening 


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The  Awards  and  Recognition  Committee  will  not  do  further  research. 

For  additional  information  call:  Barbara  Pattishall,  Associate  Director,  Alumni  House,  Duke  University 

(1-800-367-3853  or  1-919-684-51 14) 


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Indeed,  the  clock  makes  a  classic  statement 
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Enchanting  Westminster  chimes  peal 
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DUKE 


M    A    G    A    Z    I    N 


MAPPING  THE  BRAIN 
A  MEDLEY  OF  MUSIC-MAKERS 


SIBLINGS:  KINDRED  SPIRITS? 


Future  President  Keohane:  Duke's  search  concludes  (page  43) 


printed  on  recycled 


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JANUARY- 
FEBRUARY  199} 


DUKE 


NUMBER  2 


EDITOR: 

Robert  J.  Bliwise  A.M. '88 
ASSOCIATE  EDITOR: 
Sam  Hull 

FEATURES  EDITOR: 
Bridget  Booher '82,  A.M. '92 
SCIENCE  EDITOR: 
Dennis  Meredith 
EDITORIAL  ASSISTANT: 
Jonathan  Douglas 
STUDENT  INTERNS: 
Mark  Funaki  '94.  Stephen 
Martin '95 

DESIGN  CONSULTANT: 
West  Side  Studio,  Inc. 
PUBLISHER:  M.  Laney 
Funderburkjr. '60 

OFFICERS,  DUKE  ALUMNI 
ASSOCIATION: 
Edward  M.  Hanson  Jr.  73, 
A.M.  77,  J.D.  77,  president. 
Stanley  G.  Brading  Jr.  75, 
president-elect;  M.  Laney 
Funderbutk  Jr.  '60,  secrctary- 

PRESIDENTS,  SCHOOL 
AND  COLLEGE  ALUMNI 
ASSOCIATIONS: 
Sylvester  L.  Shannon  B.D.  '66, 
Diiinirv  School;  G.  Robert 
Graham  B.S.C.E.  77,  School  of 
Engineering;  Bartow  S.  Shaw 
M.F.  '64.  School  of  the  Environ- 
ment; Kirk  J.  Bradley  M.B.A. 
'S6.  Fiiqua  School  of  Business; 
DavidG.KIaberJ.D.'69, 
School  of  Law;  Robert  M.  Rose- 
mond  M.D.  '51,  Schonl  nfMLJi- 
cine;  Christine  Mundie  Willis 
B.S.N.  73,  School  ofNmsmg; 
Mane  Koval  Nardone  M.S.  79, 
A.H.C  79,  Graduate  Program 
in  Ph'.^eal  Therapy;  Margaret 
Adams  Harris  'iS.  LL.B.  '40, 
HolfCenturv  Club. 

EDITORIAL  ADVISORY 
BOARD:  Clay  Felker '51, 
chairman;  Frederick  F.  Andrews 
'60;  Debra  Blum  '87;  Sarah 
Hardesty  Bray  72;  Holly  B. 
Brubach  75;  Nancy  L.  Cardwell 
'69;  Dana  L.  Fields  78;  Jerrold 
K.  Footlick;  Edwatd  M.  Gome: 
79;  Elizabeth  H.  Locke '64, 
Ph.D.  72;  Thomas  P.  Losee  Jr. 
'63;  Peter  Maas  '49;  Hugh  S. 
Sidev;  Richard  Austin  Smith 
'35;SusanTrfft73;  Robert  J. 
Bliwise  A.M.  '88,  secretary. 

Pomposition  by  Liberated 
Type,.  Ltd.;  printing  by  PBM 
Graphics  Inc.;  printed  on 
Warren  Recovery  Matte  White 
and  Ctoss  Pomte  Sycamore 
Offset  Tan 

©  1993  Duke  University 
Published  bimonthl)  K  the 
Office  of  Alumni  Affair-:  vol- 
untary subscriptions  S20  per 
year:  Duke  Magazine,  Alumni 
House,  614  Chapel  Drive, 
Box  90570.  Durham.  N.C. 
27708-0570;  (919)  684-51 14. 


Cover:  A  casualty  of  1 989' s  Hurricane 
Hugo  along  Sullivans  Island,  South  Caro- 
lina. Photo  by  the  Duke  Program  for  the 
Study  of  Developed  Shorelines 


HITTING  THE  RIGHT  NOTES  by  Bridget  Booher  2 

So  you  want  to  be  a  star?  Industry  insiders  say  that,  given  fickle  tastes  and  the  unpredictable 
nature  of  success,  talent  alone  won't  take  you  to  the  top  of  the  charts 

WHY  DON'T  WE  DO  IT  IN  THE  CLASSROOM?  h,  Glenn  Gass  5~ 

The  struggle  to  make  rock  and  popular  music  educationally  correct 

CAN  YOU  BE  TOO  CAREFUL?  by  Robert  J.  Bliwise  8~ 

Now  that  the  untamed  American  frontier  is  gone,  is  the  American  spirit  of  risk-taking 
gone,  too? 

LIFE  OF  BRYAN  text  by  Bridget  Booher;  photos  by  Lars  Lucier  1  4 

Intriguing  in  its  design,  varied  in  its  services,  the  Bryan  Center  enters  its  second  decade 

IT'S  A  FAMILY  AFFAIR  by  Michael  Townsend  3jT 

Examining  what  causes  good  sibling  relationships  to  be  so  good,  and  bad  ones  to  be  so  bad 

EXPLORING  THE  NEURAL  JUNGLE  by  Dennis  Meredith  40~ 

The  brain's  tangle  of  100  billion  nerve  cells — each  with  thousands  of  connections — 
presents  a  monumental  mystery  to  neurobiologists 

A  HIGH-PROFILE  PRESIDENT  FOR  DUKE  by  Robert}.  Bliwise  43~ 

Nannerl  Keohane:  "I  count  myself  profoundly  lucky  to  be  asked  to  lead  such  an  unusual 
institution" 


RETROSPECTIVES  32 

"After  twenty-six  years,  no  one  ever  forgets  that  you  were  the  Blue  Devil" 


TRANSITIONS 

A  journalist  finds  herself  in  a  rebuilding  story 


33 


GAZETTE  46 

A  busing  tragedy,  a  Founders'  Day  complaint,  a  senatorial  homecoming,  a  basketball 
camp-in 

BOOKS  51 

A  reformist  agenda:  "guided  capitalism"  vs.  "green  delusions" 


QUAD  QUOTES 

Taking  on  tenure,  saving  Somalia,  mulling  over  menus 


52 


BmESK 


HITTING 
THE 
RIGHT 

NOTES 


BY  BRIDGET  BOOHER 


SOUND  ADVICE: 

THE  BUSINESS  OF  MAKING  MUSIC 


So  you  want  to  be  a  star? 
Industry  insiders  say  that, 
given  fickle  tastes 


of  success,  talent  alone 
won't  take  you  to 
top  of  the  charts. 


Patsy  Cline  and  her  husband/ 
manager  used  to  load  up  their  old 
beat-up  car  and  hit  the  road,  driv- 
ing from  one  small  town  to  the 
next,  trying  to  persuade  radio  disc  jockeys 
to  play  her  songs.  Finally,  they  found  a 
sympathetic  announcer  who  liked  what  he 
heard.  Her  radio  exposure  led  to  an  appear- 
ance on  The  Arthur  Godfrey  Show  and,  be- 
fore long,  Patsy  Cline  was  a  regular  at  the 
Grand  Old  Opry,  racking  up  hits  like 
"Crazy"  and  "I  Fall  to  Pieces"  before  her 
untimely  death  at  the  age  of  thirty. 

DUKE   MAGAZINE 


To  make  it  today,  aspiring  hit-makers 
need  more  than  catchy  songs  and  chutzpah — 
although  that  certainly  helps.  A  composer 
can  spend  decades  trying  to  get  her  work 
noticed,  and  then  suddenly  become  hot 
property  when  a  famous  singer  records  one 
of  her  songs.  Bands  appear  out  of  nowhere, 
achieve  gold-record  status  based  on  one  or 
two  hits,  then  disappear  quickly  into  the 
bargain  bin.  And  even  if  a  chart-topping 
band  or  musician  had  a  supportive  spouse  to 
drive  from  gig  to  gig  in  the  early  days,  once 
these  performers  make  it,  they'll  require  a 
behind-the-scenes  crew  of  managers,  lawyers, 


publicists,  record  company  executives,  pub- 
lishing experts,  and  radio  programmers. 

The  music  is  changing,  too.  Rock  and 
roll,  once  thought  to  promote  sin  and  vice, 
now  sells  pick-up  trucks  and  chewing  gum. 
At  the  same  time,  other  genres  of  music 
come  with  warning  labels  and  record  store 
owners  are  arrested  for  selling  them  to 
underage  listeners.  Even  Patsy  Cline  proba- 
bly wouldn't  be  considered  a  success  today 
unless  she  could  "cross  over"  from  a  strictly 
country  audience  to  a  broader  market. 

Sarabeth  Hearon  '81  is  a  Nashville 
singer-songwriter  who  also  pitches  other 


Music  to  his  cars:  At  home,  Sugar  Hill  Records  presi- 
dent Barry  Pass  listem  to  vintage  vinyl  recordings  on 
his  1946  Wurlitzer  jukebox 

people's  songs  for  possible  recording  deals. 
Because  many  artists  don't  write  their  own 
material,  their  agents  are  constantly  "shop- 
ping" for  songs.  That's  where  people  like 
Hearon  come  in.  In  her  decade  of  working 
in  the  industry,  she's  seen  how  suddenly 
opportunities  can  materialize — or  vanish. 
"You  completely,  totally  never  know  if  one 
of  your  songs  will  go  anywhere,"  she  says. 
"At  one  point  last  year,   1  had   [clients'] 


]  anuai 


Febru< 


1993 


songs  on  hold  with  Clint  Black,  Kathy 
Mattea,  and  Ronnie  Milsap,  and  they  all 
came  off  hold,"  meaning  that  the  artists 
decided  not  to  record  them. 

Another  time,  Hearon  got  luckier.  She 
found  out  where  singer  Anne  Murray  was 
staying  while  recording  and  stuck  a  tape  in 
her  door.  Murray  liked  the  first  song  on  the 
tape  so  much  she  put  it  on  the  album. 
"That's  not  the  way  things  usually  work, 
though,"  admits  Hearon.  "You  have  to  be 
really  careful.  Because  if  you  have  some  hot, 
new  material,  you'd  rather  have  Garth 
Brooks  record  it  than  Joe  Blow.  On  the 
other  hand,  if  a  song  is  on  hold,  no  one  else 
can  record  it,  so  sometimes  you'd  rather  it 
get  recorded  [by  anyone]  than  not  at  all." 

Given  the  complexities  of  the  industry, 
Hearon  encourages  young  writers  to  learn 
as  much  as  possible  about  the  business  end 
of  music-making.  "There  are  still  some 
sharks  out  there  who  will  take  advantage 
of  people  who  don't  know  what  they're 
doing,"  she  says.  "So  for  a  young  writer  just 
getting  off  the  bus  in  Nashville,  I'd  tell 
them  to  go  over  to  ASCAP  or  BMI  and 
take  some  workshops  on  publishing  and 
licensing,  play  out  as  much  as  possible,  and 
create  a  network." 

The  organizations  Hearon  refers  to,  the 
American  Society  of  Composers,  Authors, 
and  Publishers  (ASCAP)  and  Broadcast 
Music,  Inc.  (BMI),  are  performing-rights 
organizations.  They  make  sure  that  a  song- 
writer gets  paid  royalties  if  his  or  her  song 
is  ever  used.  Although  a  musical  work  is 
technically  copyrighted  at  the  moment  of 
creation,  that  doesn't  prevent  someone 
else  from  claiming  it  as  his  or  her  own. 

Case  in  point:  Just  this  fall,  cabdriver 
Jimmy  Merchant  and  unemployed  New 
Yorker  Herman  Santiago  were  recognized 
in  court  as  the  authors  of  "Why  Do  Fools 
Fall  in  Love?"  The  song,  made  famous  by 
Frankie  Lymons  in  the  Fifties,  could  bring 
the  duo  as  much  as  $4  million  in  back  royal- 
ties. "We  were  ignorant,"  Merchant  told  The 
New  York  Times.  "We  did  not  understand 
contracts.  We  didn't  know  what  publishing 
was.  We  didn't  know  about  percentages." 

Avoiding  similar  blunders  is  part  of 
ASCAP  and  BMI's  mission.  Says  BMI 
senior  vice  president  and  general  counsel 
Marvin  Berenson,  whose  son  Harris  is  a 
Duke  junior,  "Without  organizations  like 
ASCAP  and  BMI,  songwriters  wouldn't 
get  a  penny,  and  that's  wrong.  We  act  as  a 
conduit  between  the  creator  and  the  user  of 
music.  Any  time  there  is  a  public  perfor- 
mance of  music,  the  writer  of  that  music  has 
a  right  to  say  'no,  don't  use  my  song'  or  'yes, 
you  may  use  it,  but  pay  me  something.'  " 

Any  time  you  turn  on  the  radio,  you're 
likely  hearing  a  song  that  is  registered  with 
either  BMI  or  ASCAP.  "Users"  of  music — 
radio  stations,  nightclubs,  television  sta- 


Although  a  musical 

work  is  technically 

copyrighted  at  the 

moment  of  creation, 

that  doesn't  prevent 

someone  else  from 

claiming  it  as  his  or 

her  own. 


tions,  even  shopping  malls  and  telephone 
music-on-hold — must  pay  a  licensing  fee  to 
broadcast  that  music.  On  the  Clinton-Gore 
campaign  bus  tour,  for  example,  a  licensing 
fee  was  obtained  for  the  rallying  music  that 
blared  from  the  speakers  at  every  stop.  (The 
campaign's  signature  song,  Fleetwood  Mac's 
"Don't  Stop  Thinking  About  Tomorrow," 
is  registered  with  BMI.) 

Berenson  admits  that  it's  hard  for  most 
people  to  accept  that  they  must  pay  for 
something  that's  intangible.  "If  you  go  into 
Joe's  Bar  and  Grill  and  tell  him  he  has  to 
pay  us  for  having  the  radio  play  through- 
out his  restaurant,  he'll  look  at  you  like 
you're  crazy,"  says  Berenson.  "To  him,  it's 
a  free  commodity,  it's  in  the  air.  But  unless 
the  people  writing  those  songs  get  paid, 
they  can't  eat  or  write  more  songs." 

Looking  out  for  an  artist's  best  interests 
occupies  Eric  Greenspan's  time  as  well.  As 
a  high-profile  entertainment  lawyer  in 
L.A.,  Greenspan  '72  finds  himself  in  the 
vanguard  of  musical  developments.  It's  a 
position  he's  been  comfortable  with  since 
he  was  a  kid  listening  to  The  Who,  while 
all  his  buddies  were  still  stuck  on  The 
Temptations. 

When  Greenspan  came  to  Duke,  he  be- 
came involved  with  Major  Attractions.  At 
the  time,  the  student  organization  was 
booking  amiable  acts  like  Dionne  War- 
wick. But  times  and  tastes  were  changing, 
and  Greenspan  helped  usher  in  a  new  era. 
He  went  to  the  faculty  and  student  board 
that  approved  all  concert  scheduling  and 
proposed  bringing  the  Moody  Blues  to 
campus.  The  board  was  skeptical;  the 
fledgling  band  had  yet  to  saturate  radio  air- 
waves. Greenspan  persisted,  and  eventual- 
ly got  his  way.  The  near  sell-out  show  was 
such  a  success  that  the  board  acquiesced  to 
Greenspan's  obviously  sound  instincts. 

"Within  a  five-week  period,"  Greenspan 
recalls  of  his  senior  year,  "we  brought  in 
Fairport  Convention,  Leon  Russell,  Ten 
Years  After,  and  the  Allman  Brothers.  It 


was  great  fun;  as  much  fun  as  a  boy  could 
have.  I  had  the  first  two  rows  at  every  con- 
cert, all  my  friends  sat  up  front,  and  we 
charged  four  dollars  a  ticket." 

One  of  Greenspan's  more  memorable 
moments  came  backstage  at  a  concert  he 
organized  at  Wallace  Wade  Stadium, 
where  the  Grateful  Dead  and  the  Beach 
Boys,  among  others,  were  scheduled  to  per- 
form. "I  introduced  [the  Dead's]  Jerry  Garcia 
to  [Beach  Boy]  Dennis  Wilson;  they'd 
never  met.  'Jerry,  meet  Dennis.  Dennis, 
meet  Jerry.'  I  thought  I  was  going  to  die.  I 
remember  thinking,  And  now  I'm  sup- 
posed to  go  back  to  History  101  ?'  " 

Greenspan's  extracurricular  venture 
turned  out  to  be  more  than  mere  distrac- 
tion. Upon  discovering  that  his  chosen 
law  school  (Washington  College  of  Law  at 
American  University)  offered  no  enter- 
tainment courses,  he  signed  on — at  the 
school's  suggestion — with  a  local  promoter 
to  learn  more  about  the  business.  Following 
law  school,  Greenspan  headed  West  and, 
after  a  short  stint  as  a  trial  lawyer,  landed  a 
job  handling  music  contracts  as  a  Los 
Angeles  firm's  first  entertainment  lawyer. 
Soon,  he'd  made  a  name  for  himself  among 
artists  as  a  savvy  lawyer  who's  a  music  en- 
thusiast as  well. 

While  Greenspan  also  handles  television 
and  film  contracts,  his  client  roster  of 
musicians  ensures  that  he's  never  bored  at 
work.  Now  a  partner  in  Myman,  Abell, 
Fineman  &  Greenspan,  he  represents  rap/ 
rock  artist  Ice-T,  whose  "Cop  Killer"  song 
caused  a  national  controversy  about  artis- 
tic expression,  censorship,  and  the  First 
Amendment;  popular  "speed-funk"  group 
the  Red  Hot  Chili  Peppers;  and  Jane's  Ad- 
diction, who  released  two  versions  of  their 
last  album:  one  featuring  text  of  the  First 
Amendment  and  the  other  with  artwork 
featuring  three  nude  figures — lead  singer 
Perry  Farrell  and  two  women — in  bed. 

"There's  no  question  which  version  sold 
more,"  says  Greenspan.  "In  fact,  I  haven't 
even  seen  the  First  Amendment  cover;  I'd 
love  to  have  a  copy  of  that."  As  the  father 
of  two  young  children,  Greenspan  says  he's 
all  for  voluntary  labeling  of  albums.  But  he 
says  he  has  problems  with  groups  such  as 
the  Tipper  Gore-inspired  Parents'  Music 
Resource  Committee  (PMRC),  which  lob- 
bied for  legislation  requiring  potentially 
offensive  albums  to  be  "stickered"  with  a 
warning  label. 

"In  a  vacuum,  it's  a  fine  thing,  but  in 
practice,  it's  tough,"  he  says.  "What  is 
offensive?  Is  a  pro-choice  song  offensive  to 
anti-choice  people?  If  so,  who  decides  if  it 
should  be  censored?  What  makes  groups 
like  the  PMRC  think  they  can  decide  for 
everyone?  As  a  parent,  I  appreciate  ratings 
on  movies  so  I  know  whether  or  not  to 
take  my  kids.  But  even  that  can't  guaran- 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


tee  [suitability].  My  daughtet  was  tettified 
at  Honey,  I  Shrunk  the  Kids.  The  idea  that 
her  own  daddy  could  get  shrunk... we  had 
to  leave  the  theater." 

When  he  talks  about  the  Ice-T  debate, 
which  led  to  the  artist  pulling  the  song 
from  his  Time  Warner  album,  Greenspan 
becomes  impassioned.  "Most  of  the  people 
criticizing  that  song  have  never  even 
heard  it,"  he  says.  "What  Ice-T  is  saying, 
in  the  broadest  terms,  is  that  if  we  don't  do 
something  [about  police  brutality],  some- 
thing bad  will  happen.  And,  in  fact,  some- 
thing bad  did  happen:  the  L.A.  riots.  Ice- 
T's  song  wasn't  the  cause,  it  was  a  warning. 
On  the  album,  he  dedicated  the  song  to 
the  LAPD.  The  week  after  the  riots  there 
was  an  ad  on  TV  for  the  movie  Unlawful 
Entry,  which  showed  a  family  shooting  a 
rogue  cop.  Nobody  got  upset  about  that; 
the  irony  was  incredible." 

Although  he  agrees  that  the  lyrics  of 
"Cop  Killer"  sound  inflammatory  when 
quoted  out  of  context,  "It's  impossible  for 
someone  who  doesn't  live  in  that  environ- 
ment to  understand  what  he's  talking 
about.  I  agree  that  there  are  records  that 
shouldn't  be  put  out,  just  as  there  are 
movies  that  shouldn't  come  out.  But  I 
have  more  of  a  problem  with  gratuitous 
sex  in  a  movie  than  I  do  with  the  violence 
in,  say,  Taxi  Driver,  because  in  that  con- 
text it  was  logical.  Ice-T  is  talking  about 
an  environment  where  kids  are  killed  in 
drive-by  shootings  and  it  doesn't  even 
make  page  five  of  the  Metro  section." 

In  an  essay  in  Present  Tense,  a  Duke 
Press  publication  that  sprang  from  a  South 
Atlantic  Quarterly  edition  on  rock  and  roll 
culture,  editor  Anthony  DeCurtis  notes 
the  obvious  racial  overtones  of  ctiticism  of 
rap  music.  "If  Eric  Clapton — who  is  white 
and,  bettet  yet,  English — covers  a  Bob 
Marley  song  and  sings  about  shooting  the 
sheriff,  it's  understood  that  he's  an  'artist' 
and  doesn't  really  mean  it,"  writes  DeCuttis. 
"If  the  members  of  N.W.A.,  who  are  black, 
rap  about  a  violent  confrontation  with  the 
police... they  are  presumed  to  be  too  primi- 
tive to  undetstand  the  distinction  between 
words  and  action,  between  life  and  art." 

Ice-T,  who  is  considered  by  music  critics 
to  be  one  of  his  genet ation's  most  powerful 
social  commentators,  is  well  aware  that 
the  rage  in  much  of  his  material  might  be 
too  extreme  for  young  listeners.  Greenspan 
points  out  that  Ice-T  voluntarily  stickeied 
his  albums  long  before  the  PMRC  formed. 
Greenspan  dismisses  the  notion  that  his 
client  is  issuing  some  sort  of  call-to-arms. 
As  he  notes  wryly,  the  majority  of  people 
at  Ice-T  shows  ate  "white  subutban  kids." 

Among  Greenspan's  contemporaries,  rap's 
rebellious,  outsider  tone  can  be  alienating 
to  those  who  came  of  age  during  the 
Woodstock  era.  He  sees  parallels  between 


WHY  DON'T  WE  DO  IT 
IN  THE  CLASSROOM? 


Popular  culture  has 
become  a  subject  of 
intense  academic  in- 
terest, with  scholars  debat- 
ing everything  from  Madon- 
na's feminist  subtexts  to  the 
Freudian  dynamics  of  music 
videos.  To  explore  this  ten- 
sion between  "highbrow" 
traditions  and  mass  appeal, 
the  South  Atlantic  Quarterly 
invited  Anthony  DeCurtis, 
a  writer  and  senior  editor 
for  Rolling  Stone,  to  guest 
edit  a  special  edition  on 
rock  and  roll  culture 
The  Duke  Press  publi- 
cation was  such  a  suc- 
cess that  it's  been  re- 
issued as  a  book, 
titled  Present  Tense. 
In  the  following 
excerpt  from  "Why  > 
Don't  We  Do  It  * 
In  the  Class-  ^^ 
room?",  author  Glenn 
Gass  discusses  some  of  the 
resistance  that  he,  as  a  com- 
poser and  faculty  member 
at  Indiana  University,  en- 
counters when  teaching  the 
history  of  rock  and  popular 
music. 

Seeing  Rock  6k.  Roll 
next  to  Symphonic  Litera- 
ture and  Music  Apptecia- 
tion  in  course  listings  must 
seem  like  a  nightmare  come 
true  for  more  traditionally 
minded  faculty  members 
whose  view  of  culture  in- 
volves a  refined  sensibility 
that  must  be  learned  and 
earned.  Rock  courses  are 
still  waging  the  same  strug- 
gle for  acceptance  that  jazz 
studies  faced  on  their  way 
to  becoming  standard  offer- 
ings, and  facing  the  same 
prejudices  that  view  "pop- 
ular" as  synonymous  with 
cheap,  crude,  and  unre- 
fined. I  know  I  get  my 
share  of  horrified  looks 
when  "Satisfaction"  comes 
blasting  out  of  my  class- 
room. Composer  Milton 
Babbitt  once  lamented  that 
his  students  studied  "serious" 
music   all  day,   then  went 


home  and  listened  to  "the 
same  music  the  janitors 
liked."  As  Allan  Bloom  put 
it,  "[Rock  music]  ruins  the 
imagination  of  young 
people  and 


:ult  for 
them  to  have  a  passionate 
relationship  to  the  art  and 
thought  that  are  the  sub- 
stance of  liberal  educa- 
tion....[A]s  long  as  they 
have  the  Walkman  on, 
they  cannot  hear  what  the 
great  tradition  has  to  say." 

The  Great  Tradition  is 
apparently  in  serious  trou- 
ble, and  rock  music  makes 
an  easy  target  for  those 
who  need  something  to 
blame  for  the  fact  that  clas- 
sical music  is  losing  the 
depressingly  small  audience 
it  had  to  begin  with.  On 
the  other  hand,  the  Gteat 
Tradition  itself  is  an  easy 
target  in  these  politically 
correct  times.  Rock's  as- 
sault on  academia  mirrors  a 
heightened  interest  in 
world  music  and  ethnomu- 
sicology  and  a  general 
acknowledgment  of  the 
need  to  move  beyond  the 
near  religious  canonization 
of  Western  (white  male) 
art  music  that  has  been  the 
entire  focus  of  musical 
higher  education.  It  seems, 


though,  that  the  validity 
granted  the  popular  musics 
of  other  cultures  is  only 
grudgingly  granted  that  of 
our  own,  and  that  even 
when  ours  is  approached, 
rock  and  pop  still  tend  to 
be  viewed  merely  as 
illegitimate  off- 
spring of  "authen- 
tic" music  like  the 
blues,  country,  and 
gospel. 
As  a  classical 
music  composer  and 
rock  fan  who  likes 
Milton  Babbitt  and 
Bmce  Springsteen  (and 
a  lot  of  other  things 
serious  musicians  and 
janitors  listen  to),  I 
have  a  hard  time  under- 
standing how  anyone  could 
argue  with  the  simple  asser- 
tion that  the  best  of  any 
type  of  music  can  reward 
repeated  listening  and,  in 
a  classroom,  help  sharpen 
aural  skills  and  musical 
awareness.  Ideally,  one 
could  hope  that  studying 
one  type  of  music  will  lead 
to  jazz  and  classical  appre- 
ciation courses.  This  hap- 
pens occasionally  and 
should  surely  be  encour- 
aged (this  is  often  used  as  a 
tationale  for  nontraditional 
offerings).  Most  often, 
though,  the  students  who 
enroll  in  rock  courses 
would  otherwise  avoid 
music  offerings  and  will  not 
take  another — all  the  more 
reason  to  reach  them  now, 
any  way  we  can.  Since  they 
will  listen  to  rock  6k  roll  in 
any  case,  why  not  help 
them  to  listen  more  cre- 
atively and  with  greater 
insight  into  the  music's  his- 
tory, techniques,  and  cul- 
tural role? 


Copyright  ©  1992,  Duke 
University  Press;  reprinted 
with  permission. 


Fern 


I  993 


the  disdain  many  Baby  Boomers  have  for  rap 
music  and  their  parents'  negative  reaction 
to  rock  and  roll.  "From  the  Fifties  to  the 
Eighties,  music  was  guitars,  drums,  and 
keyboards.  And  our  parents  said  that 
wasn't  music.  With  the  arrival  of  rap,  my 
generation  is  saying  the  exact  same  thing: 
'I  understand  [its  significance],  but  it's  not 
music'  Rap  music  is  what  makes  my  peers 
their  parents." 

So  even  though  Greenspan  considers 
his  own  kids  too  young  to  handle  the 
intensity  of  an  Ice-T  album  or  the  raunchy 
innuendo  of  some  Red  Hot  Chili  Peppers' 
songs,  he  knows  it's  only  a  matter  of  time 
before  they  consider  his  musical  tastes  old- 
fashioned.  "My  daughter,  who  is  eight, 
started  watching  MTV  Unplugged  with 
Paul  McCartney.  She  watched  for  a  song 
or  two  and  then  went  off  to  bed.  She 
thought  it  was  boring  because  she's  grown 
up  with  rap  and  dance  music.  When  my 
son  starts  listening  to  heavy  metal  music, 
I'm  going  to  cry.  But  I  can't  stop  him. 
That's  the  way  your  kids  distinguish  them- 
selves from  you,  by  the  music." 

Sometimes,  those  generational  differ- 
ences can  result  in  intriguing  musical 
hybrids.  It  was  that  mix  of  old  and  new 
that  caught  the  ear  of  Toronto  native 
Barry  Poss  A.M.  70.  Enrolled  as  a  James  B. 
Duke  Fellow  in  the  graduate  sociology  pro- 
gram, Poss  attended  the  Union  Grove  Fid- 
dlers Convention  at  the  urging  of  a  friend. 
Surrounded  by  several  generations  of  musi- 
cians and  music  lovers,  Poss  was  particu- 
larly taken  with  a  performance  by  an 
eight-year-old  fiddler  collaborating  on  stage 
with  his  great-grandfather.  The  experience 
introduced  Poss  to  the  proud  heritage  of 


"My  plan  was  to  have  a 
[major  label]  deal  in  five 
years  and  we're  there  in 
four.  The  next  step  is  to 
have  a  hit  record." 


JAY  FAIRES 

Mammoth  Records 


American  music,  and  in  particular,  how 
those  traditions  were  passed  down  through 
families  and  communities. 

As  his  interest  in  regional  music  grew, 
Poss  began  to  notice  "an  interesting  new 
music  coming  from  the  sons  and  daughters 
of  older  performers.  These  kids  had  one 
foot  in  traditional  music  but  were  young 
enough  to  be  influenced  by  contemporary 
music.  And  that  tension  made  for  some 
exciting  sounds." 

By  the  time  Poss  was  weighing  teaching 
and  research  job  offers  from  out  of  state, 
he  realized  how  attached  he'd  become  to 
the  region's  rich  sounds,  including  varia- 
tions on  bluegrass,  country,  folk,  and  rock- 
abilly. For  three  years,  he  worked  with  a 
traditional  music  mail-order  company 
before  striking  out  on  his  own.  In  1978,  he 
founded  Sugar  Hill  Records  in  Durham. 

"We  got  lucky,"  says  Poss,  smiling.  "We 
started  the  company  in  August  of  '78,  and 
the  next  year  there  was  an  artist  who  I 


thought  really  typified  this  blend  of  tradi- 
tional and  contemporary  styles.  He  had 
grown  up  in  the  backwoods  of  Kentucky 
but  had  listened  to  Django  Rhinehardt  and 
the  Hot  Club  of  France.  His  name  was 
Ricky  Skaggs,  and  his  record  [Sweet  Temp- 
tations] was  a  big  hit  for  us."  (Skaggs'  next 
Sugar  Hill  release,  Don't  Cheat  In  Our 
Hometown,  achieved  gold-record  status  in 
the  U.S.  and  platinum  in  Canada.) 

Despite  the  critical  acclaim  the  record 
earned,  Poss  didn't  consider  Sugar  Hill  to 
be  a  real  business.  It  began  to  sink  in  when 
a  reporter  from  Billboard  asked  Poss  about 
his  corporate  staff.  "This  was  a  joke,"  Poss 
recalls.  "I  was  it.  But  I  wanted  to  look  big- 
ger than  we  were  because  I  wasn't  sure 
they  would  print  the  article  if  it  was  just 
me,  so  I  started  making  up  names.  The  guy 
who  delivered  the  mail  became  the  corpo- 
rate financial  officer." 

Fifteen  years  and  four  Grammy  Awards 
later,  Sugar  Hill  is  an  internationally  rec- 
ognized leader  in  the  "roots"  music  field. 
Among  the  label's  well-known  performers 
are  Doc  Watson,  Mike  Cross,  The  Red 
Clay  Ramblers,  and  The  Seldom  Scene. 
National  Public  Radio  has  featured  Sugar 
Hill  music  and  artists  on  their  All  Things 
Considered  and  Morning  Edition  segments. 
And  the  hip  television  show  Northern 
Exposure  has  used  snippets  of  Sugar  Hill 
music  in  more  than  a  dozen  episodes. 

As  glamorous  as  it  may  sound,  starting 
your  own  record  label  is  a  tricky  proposi- 
tion, given  the  myriad  variables  you  have 
to  juggle,  including  artists'  personalities, 
national  and  international  distributors, 
record  store  owners  and  managers,  and 
radio  station  programmers.  It's  fairly  com- 
mon for  a  small,  indepen- 
dent label  to  put  out  a  few 
records  and  then  call  it  quits 
when  business  demands  catch 
up  with  early,  optimistic  ex- 
pectations. In  an  industry  re- 
plete with  fickle  tastes  and 
inflated  egos,  Sugar  Hill's 
decade-and-a-half  of  steady 
achievement  has  caught  the 
eye  of  major  labels,  who  reg- 
ularly come  courting.  "We 
get  offers  every  year  for  distri- 
bution deals,"  Poss  says.  "But 
I'm  not  sure  they  understand 
what  we're  all  about.  It's  not 
clear  to  me  that,  just  because 
they  do  what  they  do  well, 
they  can  handle  the  kinds  of 
music  we  do." 

Poss  pauses  to  reflect  on 
the  central  philosophical  dif- 

The  Player:  Mammoth  Records' 
founder  Jay  F aires  has  guided  his 
company  from  a  small  label  to  a 
major  "indie"  contender 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


ference  between  what  he  does  and  what 
the  Big  Guys — like  Sony,  Warner  Brothers, 
CBS,  Virgin — do.  "The  major  labels  are  set 
up  to  sell  vast  amounts  of  records  in  a  very 
short  period  of  time.  What  the  public  sees 
are  the  hits;  they  don't  see  all  the  albums 
that  disappear.  The  money  lost  on  90  per- 
cent of  their  albums  is  made  up  for  by  the 
Garth  Brookses  and  Michael  Jacksons. 

"By  contrast,  we  depend  on  steady  sales 
over  a  long  period  of  time.  So  while  we 
may  not  have  the  big  chunk  of  money  at 
the  beginning,  in  five  years  our  albums  will 
be  selling  as  well  as  they  did  the  first  year. 
My  approach  is  that  each  [Sugar  Hill] 
record  stands  on  its  own.  Of  course,  I 
would  like  to  make  something  on  every- 
thing I  put  out,  but  we  operate  in  an 
entirely  different  arena"  than  the  majors. 

About  twenty  minutes  away  from  Poss' 
headquarters,  Jay  Faires  M.B.A.  '86  is  also 
busy  overseeing  a  thriving  independent 
label.  Dubbed  Mammoth  Records  ("It  was  a 
joke,  because  I  started  with  nothing,"  says 
Faires),  the  young  company  bustles  with 
activity.  Publicity  posters  of  the  label's 
artists  are  tacked  on  the  walls,  and  cartons 
of  promotional  cassettes  and  compact  discs 
are  stacked  on  top  of  one  another.  Partitions 
create  offices  out  of  the  airy,  loft-like  space 
in  Carrboro's  fashionable  Carr  Mill  Mall. 

Launched  in  1988,  Mammoth  has  an 
impressive  variety  of  "alternative"  rock 
acts,  including  Juliana  Hatfield,  Chainsaw 
Kittens,  The  Bats,  and  Machines  of  Lov- 
ing Grace.  With  the  mainstream  success  of 
bands  like  REM  and  Nirvana,  who  in  their 
early,  "indie"  days  enjoyed  steady  airplay 
on  college  radio,  major  labels  are  actively 
looking  to  independent  labels  to  sign  a 
contract  with  the  Next  Big  Thing.  For 
Faires,  who  sees  Mammoth  as  a  stepping 
stone  for  young  acts,  this  technique  can 
seem  alluring.  But  only,  he  says,  if  the  tim- 
ing is  right. 

"What  people  conveniently  forget  about 
bands  like  REM  or  The  Cure  is  that  it 
took  them  six  or  eight  albums  to  get  the 
first  Top  40  hit,"  says  Faires.  "With  Nir- 
vana, which  started  a  second  wave  of 
[major  label]  interest  in  independent 
bands,  they're  trying  to  do  it  a  little  more 
intelligently.  They're  trying  to  have  people 
who  can  focus  on  the  two  to  five  albums  it 
takes  until  a  band  is  ready"  to  produce  a 
hit  single. 

And  Faires  is  the  first  to  admit  that 
grooming  a  band  or  performer  for  mass 
appeal  takes  a  lot  of  hard  work  and  well- 
timed  luck.  He  points  to  singer-songwriter 
Juliana  Hatfield,  whose  He\,  Babe  release 
earned  widespread  critical  acclaim,  as  a 
good  example  of  a  musician  willing  to 
endure  the  rigors  involved  in  "making  it." 

"It's  amazing  what  her  work  schedule 
has  been  since  her  record  came  out,"  says 


"Ice-T  is  talking  about  an 
environment  where  kids 

are  killed  in  drive-by 

shootings  and  it  doesn't 

even  make  page  five  of 

the  Metro  section." 

ERIC  GREENSPAN 
Entertainment  lawyer 


Faires,    during    a    November    interview. 

"She'll  wake  up  at  seven  in  the  morning, 

drive  in  the  van  all  day  to  the  next  [tour] 

stop,  do  press  interviews,  sign 

autographs  at  the 


came  out  of  the  Fuqua  School  with  a  five- 
year  plan  and  a  forceful  determination  to 
build  an  empire.  The  plum  distribution 
deal  with  a  major  like  Atlantic  was  one  of 
his  objectives  all  along,  he  says.  "My  plan 
was  to  have  a  deal  with  a  major  in  five 
years  and  we're  there  in  four.  The  next 
step  is  to  have  a  hit  record,  one  that  sells 
lots  of  copies  but  which  may  or  may  not 
get  lots  of  radio  play." 

Would  the  forward-thinking  Faires  hazard 
a  guess  at  when  and  who  that  will  be?  "I  wish 
I  could,"  he  says,  leaning  back  in  a  retro, 
aqua-colored  sofa.  "Our  two  big  opportunities 
are  Machines  of  Loving  Grace  and  Juliana's 
next  album.  If  either  of  those  releases  has  a 
great  song  on  it,  we  could  be  sailing." 

Meanwhile,  what's  perhaps  most  tanta- 
lizing to  Faires — or  to  anyone  in  the  music 
business,  for  that  matter — is  the  simultaneous 
accessibility  and  elusiveness  of  that  brass 
ring.  With  the  unexpected  fame  of  Nir- 
vana, an  "alternative"  band  whose  Never- 
mind album  was  last  year's  surprise  block 
buster,  every  record  company  and 
rock  critic  wanted  to 


loca 

record    store,     do 

radio  promo,  go  play  the  show,  get 

to  bed  around  2  a.m.,  and  then  wake  up 

and  do  it  all  over  again.  And  she's  been 

doing  that  since  April." 

In  one  corner  of  Faires'  office,  several 
mail  bins  overflow  with  demo  tapes  from 
unsigned  young  bands  who'd  love  a  spot 
on  Mammoth's  roster.  In  less  than  five 
years,  Faires  has  built  a  solid  reputation 
and  a  firm  foundation  for  his  ever-expand- 
ing business,  including  distribution  deals  in 
the  United  States,  Europe,  Asia,  and  Aus- 
tralia. But  Mammoth's  big  break  came  last 
fall  when  he  signed  an  agreement  with 
Atlantic  Records.  The  venture  calls  for 
Mammoth  to  continue  cultivating  young 
artists,  but  once  those  performers'  albums 
reach  a  certain  sales  level,  they  will  then 
be  distributed  and  marketed  by  Atlantic. 

Unlike  Sugar  Hill's  Poss,  who  says  he 
learned  the  business  component  of  the 
music  industry  as  he  went  along,  Faires 


All  the  rage:  Eric  Greenspan,  center, 

flanked  by  clients  ke-T  (left)  and  Flea,  bass  player  for 

the  Red  Hot  Chili  Peppers 

discover  "the  next  Nirvana." 

Of  course,  says  Faires,  it's  not  always  as 
easy  as  it  seems.  "Nirvana  had  good  man- 
agement in  place;  they  established  a  really 
strong  [independent-level]  credibility  in 
press,  radio  and  retail;  they  landed  n  good 
deal  with  a  major  label  [Geffen];  they 
wrote  an  incredibly  catchy  song,  'Smells 
Like  Teen  Spirit';  and  they  shot  an  amaz- 
ing video. 

"If  you  do  all  those  things,  you're  going 
to  sell  tons  of  records,  whether  they're 
really  slick  and  radio-friendly  or  they're 
alternative."  He  smiles  and  shrugs  his 
shoulders.  "I  don't  think  there's  any  tire, it 
science  to  it."  ■ 


)  anuai 


FeM 


i  993 


CAN  YOU 
BE  TOO 

CAREFUL? 

BY  ROBERT  J.  BLI WISE 

RISK  ANALYSIS: 

Seeing  risk  through  the 
smoke:  Economist  Kip 
Viscusi  says  that  smokers 
understand  the  deadly 
consequences  of  their 
habit 

PUTTING  A  PRICE  ON  LIFE 

The  American  character  has  been  shaped  by  the 

risks  attendant  to  settling  the  American  frontier.  Now 

that  the  frontier  is  gone,  is  the  American  spirit  of 

risk-taking  gone,  too? 

^H    ^B    Ve  may  be  facing  cosmic 
MflBS  catastrophe  on  August  14, 

■■■■     2126.  That's  the  projected 
^W      date  when  Comet  Swift- 
Tuttle,   now  hurtling   through  the   inner 
solar  system  at  37  miles  a  second,  will  visit 
Earth.  It  would  be  a  memorable — and  per- 
haps   memory-destroying — rendezvous.    A 
direct  hit  by  the  ball  of  ice  and  dirt,  some 
six  miles   in  diameter,   would  produce   a 
dusty  upsurge,  block  out  sunlight,  and  dis- 
tort earth's  climate.  Something  similar  hap- 
pened 65  million  years  ago.  That's  what 
did  in  the  dinosaurs. 

These  projections  pose  a  dilemma  for 
scientists  and  policy-makers:   Should  we 
live  with  a  remote  and  uncertain  risk,  as- 
signed odds  of  roughly  1  in  10,000?  Or 
should  we  muster  the  resources  and  talent 
to  blow  the  comet  out  of  the  cosmos? 

As  a  society,  we've  evolved  from  the 
"welfare  state"  into  what  some  call  the 
"insurance  state."  We  expect  protection 
against  mishaps  and  misfortunes — against 
financial   insecurity   in  our  old  age,   un- 
proven  drugs  in  our  medicine  cabinets,  bad 

outcomes  in  our  operating  rooms,  structur- 
al weaknesses  in  our  buildings.  Risk  aver- 
sion is  a  rather  new  wrinkle  in  our  history. 
A  hundred  years  ago,  Frederick  Jackson 
Turner  published  his  ground-breaking  essay, 
"The  Significance  of  the  Frontier  in  Ameri- 
can History."  The  American  character 
wasn't  a  European  import,  he  argued;  it  had 
been  shaped  by  the  risks  attendant  to  set- 
tling the  American  frontier.  Now  the  fron- 
tier is  gone.  The  question  remains:  Is  the 
American  spirit  of  risk-taking  gone,  too? 

We  may  have  become  so  risk-averse  that 
it's  killing  us.  Duke  economist  W.  Kip  Vis- 
cusi  argues  that  government  regulation  to 
counter  risk  carries  "a  hidden  fatality 
cost" — less  money  for  housing,  health  care, 
and  nutrition.  Last  spring,  Viscusi,  in  a  study 
for  the  Office  of  Management  and  Budget, 
found  that  one  agency — the  Occupational 
Safety  and  Health  Administration — spent 
$50  million  to  prevent  one  statistical 
death.  And  that  was  hardly  the  worst 
example  of  regulatory  excess. 

"OSHA's  formaldehyde  regulation  saves 
lives  at  the  cost  of  $72  billion  per  life. 

DUKE   MAGAZINE 


\ 


'■■,:>■•'&.-:. 


Now  if  you're  going  to  go  out  and  spend 
$72  billion  for  every  life  you  save,  that's  a 
lot  of  money  that  could  have  been  spent 
elsewhere.  The  EPA  typically  spends  over 
$100  million  per  life  saved.  If  you  took 
that  money  and  had  the  Department  of 
Transportation  do  much  more  aggressive 
things  for  traffic  safety,  airplane  safety,  you 
could  save  many  more  lives." 

A  few  years  ago,  two  grapes  laced  with  a 
small  amount  of  cyanide  were  found  in 
some  imported  Chilean  produce.  The 
Food  and  Drug  Administration  responded 
by  halting  the  shipment  of  fruits  and  veg- 
etables from  Chile.  "The  FDA  in  general 
has  had  an  approach  of  erring  on  the  side 
of  conservatism,"  Viscusi  says.  "I  once  ran 
a  training  program  for  them,  trying  to  get 
them  to  focus  on  the  expected  level  of  risk 
as  opposed  to  the  worst  case.  The  response 
I  got  was,  'If  I  approve  the  next  thalido- 
mide, people  are  going  to  be  after  me  and 
kick  me  out  of  my  job.  If  I  keep  the  drug 
out  of  the  market  and  study  it  longer,  no- 
body is  going  to  complain.'  They  only  get 
taken  to  task  when  they  approve  the  bad 
outcome.  In  this  case,  they  erred  on  the 
side  of  safety,  and  they  destroyed  millions 
of  dollars  of  grapes  for  no  reason." 

If  we  conceive  of  government  less  as  Big 
Brother  than  as  Big  Guardian,  we  may  be 
lulled  into  accepting  regulatory  promises. 
Since  1972,  the  government  has  required 
protective  safety  caps  on  aspirin  bottles.  But 
the  past  two  decades  haven't  brought  any 


Airborne:  exhilaration:  To  a  Duke  Sk\  Devil  on  the 
descent,  the  sensation  is  "very  much  what  I  would 
expect  Superman  to  feel  like" 

significant  drop  in  aspirin  poisonings 
among  children.  Viscusi  believes  the  safety- 
cap  rule  may  have  caused  a  slight  rise  in 
poisonings:  Some  adults  find  the  caps  so 
frustrating  that  they  re-apply  them  loosely; 
others  are  careless  about  keeping  medication 
away  from  their  children  because  the  caps 
are,  in  the  language  of  the  Consumer  Prod- 
ucts Safety  Commission,  "child-proof." 


Viscusi  says 
individuals 
value  their 
lives  dif- 
ferently 
The  argu- 
ment of 
his  new 
book  , 
Smok- 
ing: Making 
the  Risky  Decision,  is 
that  smokers  are  consistent 
risk  takers  who  fully  understand  the 
deadly  consequences  of  smoking.  Smokers 
"actually  over-estimate  the  risk  of  lung 
cancer,  the  effect  of  smoking  on  their  life 
expectancy,"  he  says.  "But  the  risk  is  prob- 
abilistic, not  definite,  and  it's  deferred. 
And  some  people  are  just  willing  to  make 
the  trade-off.  While  they  would  like  to  get 
rid  of  the  risk  of  smoking,  they  still  like 
doing  it."  By  looking  at  salary  levels  in 
dangerous  occupations,  Viscusi  has  esti- 
mated that  workers  who  have  selected 
themselves  into  very  high-risk  jobs  like 
logging,  mining,  or  construction  value 
their  lives  at  $1  million,  and  workers  in 
more  typical  jobs  in  the  range  of  $3  mil- 
lion to  $7  million. 

Some  government  agencies,  like  the  En- 
vironmental Protection  Agency,  overesti- 
mate the  value  of  life,  Viscusi  says.  Others 
underestimate  it — including  the  Depart- 
ment of  Transportation,  which  won't  pursue 
any  safety  policies 
that  cost  more  than 
$2  million  per  life. 
"If  the  price  is  above 
$5  million  per  life 
saved,  we  probably 
shouldn't  regulate  the 
risk;  if  the  price  is 
below  $5  million,  we 
definitely  should," 
Viscusi  says.  "The 
FAA  looked  at  prob- 
lems with  the  DC- 10 
about  fifteen  years 
ago,  and  they  said, 
well,  it's  such  a  small 
probability,  who  cares? 
If  you  actually  take 
this  small  probability  and  multiply  it  by  all 
the  times  the  plane  would  fly  and  all  the 
passengers  and  the  correct  value  of  life, 
then  they  should  have  undertaken  a  regu- 
lation. So  it's  not  always  the  case  that 
focusing  on  trade-offs  leads  to  a  more 
lenient  policy.  It  does  lead  to  a  more  sensi- 
ble policy." 

A  prolific  writer  on  technology  topics, 
Duke  civil  engineering  professor  Henry 
Petroski  says  that  risk  is  intrinsic  to  engi- 
neering: To  engineer  is  to  innovate,  and  to 
innovate  is  to  accept  the  necessity  of  risk. 


Large  structures  like  bridges  constantly 
present  designers  with  trade-offs 
between  cost  and  safety,  he 
^^^^^  says.  "Everybody  knows 
Hv  that  you  can  minimize 
^g  risk  by  spending  a  lot  of 
money."  Risk-minimizing 
at  enormous  social  cost 
isn't  always  sensible  or  nec- 
essary: Petroski  points  to 
the  George  Washington 
Bridge,  a  much  more  cost- 
effective  design  than  earlier 
proposals  to  bridge  the  Hudson 
River  between  New  York  and 
New  Jersey.  Sometimes  conserva- 
tive design  is,  in  a  certain  sense,  intolera- 
ble. A  conservative  airplane  design  would 
make  the  wing  so  strong  as  to  produce  a 
weighty  machine  that  might  never  get  off 
the  ground.  "That's  why  airplanes  are  test- 
ed more  than  other  things  are  tested,"  Pet- 
roski says,  "and  why  they're  inspected  at 
such  regular  intervals — the  recognition 
that  to  make  the  thing  fly  economically 
requires  a  low  safety  factor.  Strictly  speak- 
ing, regular  maintenance  and  overhaul 
procedures  are  part  of  the  design." 

It  engineers  and  managers  allowed  the 
safety  factors  to  drift  too  low  with  the 
Challenger,  that's  because  success  invari- 
ably breeds  complacency,  Petroski  says. 
Space  flight  never  was  routine;  but  a  string 
of  trouble-free  flights  lulled  space  agency 
officials  into  accepting  a  different  view, 
until  the  1987  disaster.  "There  was  a  lot  of 
concern  in  the  early  days  of  shuttle  flights 
about  how  safe  they  were.  Obviously,  you 
wanted  to  have  only  professional  astro- 
nauts" who  were  familiar  with  the  risks  of 
space  flight,  Petroski  says.  "After  about 
two  dozen  successful  flights,  people  were 
lulled,  including  professional  people,  into 
allowing  school  teachers  to  go  aboard." 

Petroski  talks  about  a  cycle  of  techno- 
logical success  and  failure — a  cycle  shaped 
more  by  human  psychology  than  by  tech- 
nological limits.  As  he  puts  it  in  his  book 
To  Engineer  Is  Human:  "The  colossal  disas- 
ters that  do  occur  are  ultimately  failures  of 
design,  but  the  lessons  learned  from  those 
disasters  can  do  more  to  advance  engineer- 
ing knowledge  than  all  the  successful 
machines  and  structures  in  the  world.  In- 
deed, failures  appear  to  be  inevitable  in 
the  wake  of  prolonged  success,  which  en- 
courages lower  margins  of  safety.  Failures 
in  turn  lead  to  greater  safety  margins  and, 
hence,  new  periods  of  success." 

As  technology  has  brought  once-obscure 
risks  to  the  surface,  risk  assessment  has — 
paradoxically — become  all  the  trickier, 
says  public  policy  professor  Marie  Lynn 
Miranda.  Miranda  says  the  1958  federal 
Delaney  Clause,  which  bans  food  contain- 
ing any  carcinogenic  substance,  probably 


10 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


couldn't  earn  congressional  approval  today. 
Technology,  in  making  more  precise  meas- 
urements possible,  has,  ironically,  made 
risk  assessment  more  daunting.  The  clause 
"was  written  at  a  time  when  you  couldn't 
identify  one  part  per  billion  in  a  sample," 
Miranda  says.  "Now  you  can.  Environmen- 
tal legislation  is  always  conditioned  upon 
the  state  of  scientific  evidence.  Today  we 
can  get  a  lot  more  information  regarding 
different  chemicals,  different  environmen- 
tal stressors,  different  ecosystem  interac- 
tions. It's  not  that  we're  more  risk  averse. 
It's  that  we  have  more  information,  and 
sometimes  having  more  information  makes 
the  decision  much  more  complicated." 

Do  we  respond  rationally  to  risks?  The 
fact  is,  says  Miranda,  that  expert  deciphering 
or  managing  of  risks  is  far  from 
purely  rational. 


"On  an  is- 
sue like  hazardous  waste, 

there's  been  a  breach  of  the  public  trust. 
[Outgoing  North  Carolina  Governor  Jim] 
Martin  is  really  frustrated  when  he  can't 
find  a  place  to  site  a  low-level  radioactive 
waste  facility  or  a  hazardous  waste  inciner- 
ator. A  scientific  risk  assessment  might 
suggest  that  if  this  facility  is  run  well  with 
state-of-the-art  equipment,  the  risk  is  min- 
imal. Well,  people  aren't  entirely  con- 
vinced that  the  facility  will  be  run  that  well, 
and  they  have  good  reason  for  the  feeling." 
Workers  at  one  hazardous  waste  plant  in 
North  Carolina,  according  to  press  ac- 
counts, amused  themselves  by  throwing 
toxic  sludge  at  each  other. 

"Sure,  the  probability  that  you're  going 
to  die  of  exposure  to  a  contaminant  in 
your   drinking   water   is   much   lower   by 


Failures  appear 

to  be  inevitable 

in  the  wake 

of  prolonged  success, 

which  encourages 
lower  margins  of  safety. 


orders  of  magnitude  than  the  probability 
that  you're  going  to  die  in  a  car  accident," 
Miranda  says.  "And  yet  people  get  into 
their  cars  every  day  and  drive.  But  people 
care  about  more  than  just  the  quantity  of 
risk  associated  with  a  particular  event; 
they  care  about  qualities  of  risk.  Driving  in 
your  car  is  familiar.  Toxins  leaching  into 
your  ground  water  is  unfamiliar.  Driving 
your  car  is  voluntary.  Drinking  water  that 
is  contaminated  is  involuntary. 

"People  turn  to  scientific  risk  assessment 
as  an  objective  answer  to  what  we  should 
do  about  setting  priorities  among  environ- 
mental   problems.    But    there    are    many 
value    decisions    embedded    in    scientific 
methodology.  Twenty-five  percent  of  the 
things  that  cause  cancer  in  rats  do  not 
cause  cancer  in  mice,  and  25  percent  of 
the  things  that  cause  cancer  in  mice  do 
not  cause  cancer  in  rats.  So  how  do  you 
take  carcinogenicity  incidence  for  rats 
and  extract  those  incidents  for  human 
beings?  How  do  you  decide  what  is  and 
what    is    not    a    reasonable    exposure 
level  for  human  beings?" 

If  we  can't  always  decipher  or  con- 
trol risks,  we  expect  quick  relief 
when  risks  exact  a  cost.  Duke  geolo- 
gist Orrin  Pilkey,  who  directs  the 
Program  for  the  Study  of  Developed 
Shorelines,  isn't  enamored  of  that  lesson. 
But  he  worries  that  the  federal  response 
to  Hurricane  Andrew's  devastation  of 
central  Florida  reinforces  the  idea 
that  the  government  "will  go  far 
beyond  what  it's  required  to  do 
or  even  what  it  promised  to  a 
do" — particularly  in  an  elec- 
tion year. 

"There's  a  risk  here  that 
people  haven't  been  will-      ^ 
ing  to  recognize.  Every 
thirty  to  forty  years, 
a  hurricane  will  hit 
a  given  stretch  of 
shoreline.  We  had 
a  post- World  War  II 
lemming-like  rush  to  the 
beach.    And    simultaneously 
the  beach  erosion  rates  have  1 


picking  up  for  all  kinds  of  reasons,  includ- 
ing rising  sea  levels  and  the  building  of  sea 
walls  and  jetties  and  groins.  What's  appar- 
ently happening  right  now  is  that  we're  in 
the  cycle  of  the  Forties  and  Fifties,  where 
we  get  more  hurricanes  hitting  land  in 
general  and  the  East  Coast  in  particular. 
And  this  is  before  the  greenhouse  effect 
has  kicked  in." 

Models  show  that  the  greenhouse 
effect — the  hike  in  global  temperature 
caused  by  the  atmosphere's  trapping  of  car- 
bon dioxide — will  bring  "more  frequent 
and  more  intense  hurricanes,"  Pilkey  says. 
"Personally,  I  think  that  the  rest  of  us 
should  bear  no  responsibility  for  people 
who  are  dumb  enough  to  build  in  areas 
that  they  know  are  dangerous.  They 
should  take  it  on  the  chin." 

Pilkey  points  to  Dewees  Island,  South 
Carolina,  "where  they're  just  starting  to 
develop  $300,000  oceanfront  lots.  All  of 
it — the  whole  island — is  a  flood  zone. 
There's  not  even  a  bridge  for  easy  escape. 
It's  not  that  people  have  to  live  on  barrier 
islands.  And  it's  not  that  they  should  be 
allowed  to  help  themselves  by  building  sea 
walls.  In  the  process  of  protecting  their 
houses,  they  end  up  damaging  the  beaches. 
To  most  people,  the  preservation  of  beach- 
es is  more  important." 

In  1982,  Congress  passed  the  Coastal 
Barrier  Resources  Act  (CBRA),  which  pro- 
hibited new  expenditures  in  the  coastal  bar- 
rier system,  including  federal  flood  insur- 
ance and  new  construction 
or  substantial  improve- 
ments. The  enact- 
ing   language 


]  anuary  -¥  ebrm 


1  993 


calls  barrier  areas  "generally  unsuitable  for 
development  because  they  are  vulnerable  to 
hurricane  and  other  storm  damage  and  be- 
cause natural  shoreline  recession  and  the 
movement  of  unstable  sediments  undermine 
man-made  structures."  Historically,  the  gov- 
ernment has  paid  not  only  for  coastal  infra- 
structure development  but  also  for  disaster 
relief,  flood  insurance,  and  shoreline  protec- 
tion. Many  of  those  costs  are  repetitive:  The 
same  areas  keep  getting  hit. 

"The  formation  of  CBRA  was  an 
attempt  to  get  the  federal  government  out 
of  the  business  of  supporting  development 
in  very  hazardous  places,"  says  Pilkey.  But 
he  says  its  impact  is  hard  to  measure. 
Along  coastal  North  Carolina,  the  most 
high-risk  resort  development,  as  he  sees  it, 
is  on  the  north  end  of  Topsail  Island. 
"This  is  CBRA  territory.  It's  all  developed 
since  CBRA  came  in.  One  of  the  things 
the  federal  government  says  in  CBRA 
areas  like  the  north  end  of  Topsail  is  that 
they're  not  going  to  help  in  storm  recov- 
ery. It's  all  up  to  the  homeowner.  Well, 
baloney.  Can  you  imagine  helping  people 
on  one  part  of  an  island  that's  been 
destroyed  in  a  hurricane  and  ignoring  peo- 
ple on  another  part?  No  politician  could 
do  that." 

Private  insurance  programs  and  promises 
of  government  relief  have  the  effect  of  en- 
couraging risky  development,  Pilkey  says.  "It 
gives  people  security  to  know  that,  through 
the  federal  flood  insurance  program,  their 
house  will  be  protected  from  rising  water. 
Through  commercial  insurance,  their  house 
is  already  protected  from  wind  damage.  But 
we  in  the  inland  are  paying  for  that  high- 
risk  insurance."  When  an  insurance  com- 
pany wants  to  operate  in  a  state  like  North 
Carolina,  says  Pilkey,  it  has  to  agree  to 
accept  high-risk  properties  along  the  coast. 

If  we're  concerned  about  quick  recovery 
from  property  damage,  we're  fervent  about 
demanding  damages  for  presumed  personal 
injury.  President  Bush  contended  that 
"crazy  lawsuits"  against  doctors  and  hospi- 
tals have  driven  health-care  costs.  "Sharp 
lawyers  are  running  wild,"  the  president 
told  the  Republican  National  Convention 
in  August.  "Doctors  are  afraid  to  practice 
medicine."  The  president  proposed  legisla- 
tion to  curb  malpractice  lawsuits  and  to 
limit  damage  payments.  A  contrary  diag- 
nosis came  this  fall  in  a  study  published  in 
Annals  of  Internal  Medicine.  The  study 
found,  first,  that  doctors'  care  was  substan- 
dard in  most  of  the  evaluated  cases  in 
which  patients  won  payment  for  injuries 
and,  second,  that  "physicians  usually  win 
cases  in  which  physician  care  was  deemed 
to  meet  community  standards."  Still,  even 
one  of  the  authors  of  the  study,  Adam  P. 
Wilczek,  said  that  "Our  findings  don't 
undermine  the  case  for  tort  reform."  Even 


if  a  doctor's  conduct  is  defensible  and  no 
payment  is  made,  he  told  a  New  York  Times 
reporter,  "the  expense  and  emotional  trau- 
ma of  fighting  malpractice  claims  weigh 
heavily  on  the  physician  and  disturb  the 
doctor-patient  relationship." 

To  critics  of  the  medical  malpractice 
system,  a  refusal  to  accept  the  inherent 
risks  in  medical  care — a  refusal  to  accept  the 
inevitability  of  bad  medical  outcomes — 
has  fueled  a  litigation  crisis.  "With  all  the 
money  spent  on  deciding  cases  rather  than 
compensating  victims,  it  squanders  re- 
sources in  a  very  real  way,"  says  Duke  law 
professor  Thomas  Metzloff.  Metzloff  is  vice 
president  for  education  of  the  law  school's 


a  tremendous  amount  of  under-compensa- 
tion,  with  doctors  falling  below  the  stan- 
dard of  care  and  hurting  people  who  don't 
pursue  a  grievance  through  the  system. 
And  there's  a  lot  of  over-compensation, 
with  some  people  receiving  more  than 
they  deserve  for  their  injury." 

Have  malpractice  damages  perverted 
the  system  to  the  point  of  contributing  to 
skyrocketing  health  care  costs?  Metzloff  says 
that's  not  an  easy  question  to  answer.  "A 
physician  would  say,  'Obviously,  I  do  things 
differently,  I  do  more  procedures.'  On  a 
decision-by-decision  basis,  it's  not  so  easy 
to  separate  out  the  factors.  As  compared  to 
government  regulation  of  medical  care  and 


Private  Adjudication  Center.  Set  up  five 
years  ago,  the  center  has  both  a  scholarly 
and  a  litigation-settlement  mission.  It 
studies  the  litigation  process  and  tries  to 
develop  alternative  ways  to  handle  cases 
effectively  and  inexpensively.  Usually  the 
push  for  arbitration  comes  from  the  insurer; 
less  often  it  comes  from  the  plaintiff,  says 
Metzloff.  "Most  people  would  say  you're 
not  going  to  get  a  plaintiff  to  give  up  a  jury 
in  a  case  like  this,  that  a  plaintiff  will  recog- 
nize the  emotional  dimension  to  malprac- 
tice. That  may  be  true,  but  it's  an  expensive 
process  for  the  plaintiff  as  well.  The  issue  is, 
can  we  do  it  quicker,  do  it  fairer,  in  a  way 
that  is  not  biased  toward  anybody? 

"No  objective  observer  of  malpractice 
suits  thinks  this  is  an  ideal  system.  There's 


concerns  over  the  cost  of  med- 
ical procedures,  malpractice  is 
probably  not  the  driving  force  of 
most  decisions.  The  malpractice 
system  may  have  created  incen- 
tives to  do  more  things  or  to  do 
things  differently.  But  defensive 
medicine  is  not  inherently  bad; 
it  may  be  in  fact  better,  just  as 
driving  defensively  is  good." 

Metzloff  reels  off  the  expected 
array  of  factors  behind  acceler- 
ating litigation  activity:  It's  easi- 
er to  sue,  juries  are  more  liberal 
in  awarding  damages,  the  family 
doctor  and  the  close  physician-patient 
relationship  have  largely  vanished.  Still, 
he  says,  the  approach  to  determining  mal- 


12 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


practice  has  been  basically  unchanged: 
"What's  the  standard  of  care?  What  do 
reasonable  doctors  do?  Did  you  fall  below 
that  standard?  That's  what  it  was  a  hun- 
dred years  ago,  and  that's  what  the  stan- 
dard is  today.  There's  not  been  a  huge  rev- 
olution in  what  we  mean  by  malpractice." 
In  Metzloffs  view,  if  there  is  a  malprac- 
tice revolution,  it's  been  driven  by  tech- 
nology. "There's  more  potential  for  mal- 
practice now,"  he  says.  "It  used  to  be  that 
even  if  the  physician  was  a  little  late  in 
finding  the  disease,  that  wouldn't  be  a  terribly 
relevant  issue,  because  the  patient  would 
die  just  the  same.  Once  the  technology  is 
created,  the  potential  for  malpractice  risk 
is  tripled,  quadru- 
pled." Not  only  might 
physicians  neglect  to 
test  for  a  particu- 
lar condition,  they 
might  administer  or 
interpret  the  test  in 
a  way  open  to  ques- 
tion, or  prescribe  a 
questionable  course 
of  action  based  on 
their  reading  of  the 
test.  Still,  Metzloff 
says,  "I  would  not 
overplay  the  idea 
that  there  is  a  spirit 
out  there  that  when 
something  bad  hap- 
pens, you  should  sue. 
People  used  to  say 
when  something  went 
wrong,  'I'll  lump  it, 
it's  not  anyone's 
fault,  it's  what  hap- 
pens.' People  still 
say  that." 


Double  folly  m  South  Carolina:  Along  Folly  Beach,  onrushmg  wata 
from  Hurricane  Hugo  cawed  out  a  cham\el  betueen  tiro  /ireairiousl 
perched  houses,  left;  uind  and  wave  surges  brought  chaos  to  Garden 
Cirv,  above 


It's  not  that 

we're  more  risk  averse. 

It's  that  we  have 

more  information, 

and  sometimes 

having  more 

information  makes 

the  decision  much 

more  complicated. 


People  may  accept  the  idea  that  mis- 
takes do  happen,  but  it's  hard  to  tell  that 
from  the  court  calendar.  In  November,  an 
Illinois  court  began  hearing  the  case  of 
Charles  Kueper,  a  smoker  dying  of  lung 
cancer.  Kueper  is  suing  cigarette  giant  R.J. 
Reynolds  Tobacco  Company  for  more 
than  $3  million.  He  claims  that  his  lung 
cancer  was  caused  by  smoking  one-and-a- 
half  packs  of  Winstons  daily  for  nearly 
thirty  years.  Part  of  his  argument  is  that 
tobacco  manufacturers  have  tried  to  per- 
suade people  to  ignore  health  warnings 
against  smoking.  Back  in  June,  the  Supreme 
Court  ruled  that  warning  labels  don't 
shield  tobacco  companies  from  lawsuits 
based  on  state  personal  injury  laws. 

"From  my  standpoint,"  says  risk-specialist 
Kip  Viscusi,  "what  R.J.  Reynolds  or  the 
Tobacco  Institute  said  is  not  really  the 
central  issue.  If  people  have  an  adequate 
assessment  of  the  risk  and  they 
continue  to  smoke,  they  only 
X     have  themselves  to  blame.  The 
I    fact  that  cigarettes  can  cause 
lung   cancer   has    been   highly 
publicized  in  government  warn- 
ings since  the  early  1960s,  and 
it    was    publicized    in    popular 
magazines   like   Reader's   Digest 
i  before    then."   No   money   has 
I  ever  been  paid  to  a  plaintiff  in  a 
|  smoking-liability  case,  says  Vis- 
;  cusi.  "Regardless  of  whether  cig- 
;  arette    companies    did    provide 
|  false   information,   the   issue   is 
s  whether  the  risk  was  perceived. 
I  And  the  smoking  population  is 
;  well    aware    of  the    risk,    even 
a  through  physical  reminders  like 
\  coughing  and  shortness  of 
breath.    From    a    social    stand- 
point, do  we  really  want  to  hand 
smokers  these  multi-million-dol- 
lar prizes?  Do  we  really  want  to 


reward  people  for  engaging  in  risky  behav- 
ior? If  anything,  rewarding  them  would  be 
an  inducement  to  smoke." 

Even  it  American  society  has  reached  the 
state  of  an  insurance  state,  there  are  rugged 
individualists  who  dive  into  risk-taking. 
Amit  Shalev,  for  one,  regularly  leaves 
behind  his  dorm  room  and  his  electrical 
engineering  assignments,  drives  about  an 
hour  to  rural  Franklinton,  finds  a  place  on  a 
cramped  airplane,  and  waits  as  it  climbs  to 
1 1 ,000  feet  or  so.  Then  he  jumps  out. 

For  Shalev,  a  Duke  senior,  the  skydiving 
urge  hit  three  years  ago.  Returning  to  his 
native  Israel  for  the  summer,  he  was  a 
spectator  at  the  Maccabee  Games,  a  sort  of 
Jewish  Olympics.  The  games  opened  with 
some  precision  parachutists  descending  into 
the  stadium.  "I  turned  to  my  friend  and 
said,  'I'm  going  to  do  this,'  "  he  recalls.  "It 
was  impulsive.  But  I  decided  I  was  going  to 
jump  into  the  high  school  parking  lot  on 
the  first  day  of  school  and  get  everyone's 
attention — get  my  name  in  lights." 

The  parking  lot  never  received  the 
drop-in.  But  back  home  in  Dallas,  Shalev 
went  through  ten  hours  of  on-the-ground 
parachuting  instruction  and  the  airborne 
trial  jump.  "They  opened  the  door  and  this 
blast  of  wind  hit  me  in  the  face  at  a  hundred 
miles  an  hour — it  was  very  cold,"  he  says.  "I 
could  see  the  ground  looming  up.  For  a 
micro-second,  I  was  on  the  verge  of  panic. 
Then  my  instructor  climbed  out  on  the 
wing  and  gave  the  go-ahead.  I  didn't  hesi- 
tate. I  went  out  after  him.  Sort  of  like  the 
condemned  man,  I  didn't  have  any  choice." 

Some  fifty  jumps  later,  the  thrill  hasn't 
gone  for  Shalev.  As  president  of  the  Duke 
Sky  Devils,  he's  shaped  it  into  a  communi- 
ty thrill,  recruiting  up  to  twenty  Duke 
jumpers  in  a  single  outing.  "There's  ab- 
solutely no  sensation  of  falling,"  Shalev  says. 
"You  feel  weightless  for  the  first  seconds 
until  you  get  into  a  stable  position.  And 
then  it  feels  as  if  there's  a  big  pillar  of  air 
under  you  and  you're  resting  on  top  if  it.  It's 
just  like  you're  flying.  If  there's  another  per- 
son in  the  air,  I  can  fly  up  to  him,  around 
him.  There's  a  lot  of  control.  It's  very  much 
what  I  would  expect  Superman  to  feel  like." 

Shalev  looks  on  parachuting  not  just  as 
a  pressure-relieving  escape,  but  as  a  test  of 
his  limits.  "I  do  like  to  find  out  what  I'm 
capable  of.  A  lot  of  times  I  force  myself  to 
think  of  emergency  situations;  I'll  put  my- 
self mentally  in  a  situation  where  the  para- 
chute doesn't  open.  Sometimes  I  find  my- 
self wanting  something  bad  to  happen — not 
something  terrible,  but  something  where  I 
have  to  show  myself  that  I'm  capable  of 
doing  the  appropriate  emergency  action. 
Then  I  think,  'I  don't  need  that.'  I'm  not 
looking  for  a  way  to  hurt  myself.  I  don't  do 
things  that  are  stupid."  ■ 


uarv-Febi 


1993 


In  the  shadow  of  the  Chapel,  a  decep- 
tively simple  building  extends  toward 
Science  Drive.  The  contemporary, 
low-profile  design  is  unremarkable; 
its  rectangular  boxiness  stretches  across  a 
two-and-a-half  acre  slope,  a  life-size 
Lego's  project.  The  structure  blends  into 
the  wooded  surroundings  and — thanks  to 
the  exterior  "panels"  of  stone  from  the 
Duke  Quarry  in  Hillsborough — with  the 
rest  of  West  Campus  as  well.  Informally 
known  as  the  Bryan  Center,  the  Joseph 
M.  and  Kathleen  Price  Bryan  University 
Center  just  entered  its  second  decade  as  a 
hub  of  campus  life. 

"The  first  time  I  really  understood  and 
respected  what  architects  did  was  when 
we  were  planning  this  build- 
ing," says  Jon  "Jake"  Phelps, 
director  of  the  Bryan  Center 
and  the  University  Union. 
"Because  we  gave  them  all 
these  vague  ideas  about  what 
we  wanted — wide,  open 
spaces,  interesting  visual 
angles,  different  levels  of 
activity — and  they  came  back 
with  the  blueprints  for  this 
center." 
For  alumni  who  graduated  before  the 
Bryan  Center's  1982  opening,  the  vast 
expanse  is  a  far  cry  from  the  intimate 
atmosphere  of  the  Flowers  Building, 
which  housed  the  soda-fountain  Dope 
Shop  and  tiny  gift  store.  Nowadays  you 
can  grab  a  milkshake,  buy  books  and 
clothing,  catch  a  movie,  play  video 
games,  and  watch  the  student-run  Cable 
13.  You  can  find  a  ride  home  for  spring 
break  on  a  U.S. -shaped  board,  pick  up 
the  "care  package"  from  home  at  the  full- 
service  post  office,  or  withdraw  money 
from  automatic  teller  machines.  All  under 
the  same  roof. 


But  finding  your  way  around  the  build- 
ing can  be  formidable.  It's  dark  inside — 
additional  lighting  is  being  installed 
incrementally — and  it  takes  a  moment  or 
two  for  one's  eyes  to  adjust.  Students  bus- 
tle about,  maneuvering  assuredly  through 
three  levels  of  curving  walkways,  stores, 
offices,  and  study  spaces. 

First  stop:  the  information  desk  in  the 
center  of  the  top  (entrance)  level.  John- 
nie Little,  the  information  desk  supervisor 
and  twenty-one  year  university  employee, 
has  a  student  staff  of  twenty-two,  and 
with  his  knowledge  and  their  help,  there's 
nothing  they  can't  answer. 

"The  most  common  question  I  hear  is, 
'Where's  the  closest  restroom?'  "  says  Little. 
"People  want  to  know 
about  campus  safety,  or 
Durham's  population,  or 
where  the  Chapel  is, 
that  kind  of  thing.  Late- 
ly, we've  been  asked 
how  to  get  into  basket- 
ball games."  The  most 
unusual  question  Little's 
fielded  is  where  one  can 
donate  one's  body  to 
medicine.  "Yes,  I  get 
asked  that  once  or  twice  a  week,"  says 
Little.  "I  send  them  over  to  the  medical 
center." 

Little's  office  also  handles  the  student 
locator  service.  By  far,  Little  says,  his 
busiest  day  is  Friday,  when  procrastinat- 
ing students  line  up  social  engagements 
for  the  weekend.  "We're  not  a  dating  ser- 
vice, but  sometimes  it  seems  like  that,"  he 
says.  On  an  average  day  during  the  acade- 
mic year,  he  says,  as  many  as  1,400  calls 
come  in. 

Because  of  the  spaciousness  and  airi- 
ness of  the  Bryan  Center,  and  the  intrigu- 
ing architectural  design  that  conceals 
work  spaces  out-of-sight,  you  aren't  aware 
of  all  that's  going  on.  Dozens  of  student 
organizations,  from  the  Black  Student 
Alliance  to  the  Graduate  and  Profession- 
al School  Council,  occupy  partitioned 
offices  in  the  sprawling  Union  offices, 
accessible  through  inconspicuous  wood 
doors  flanking  the  information  desk. 
Unless  you  were  looking  for  them,  you'd 
never  know  they  were  there.  And  it 
might  take  a  little  searching  to  find  the 
Craft  Center,  which  is  tucked  away  in  a 


Center  of  attention:  On  t/u 
Bryan  Center's  outside 
walkway  (top  left) ,  student 
groups  solicit  members;  in- 
side hubs  of  activity  include 
(counterclockwise  from 
left)  the  information  desk; 
a  suspended  sculpture  by 
Andrew  Preiss  '91 ;  the 
Cable  13  studios;  the  Shea- 
fer  Lab  Theater  (pictured: 
monologuist  Spalding  Gray 
speaks  to  a  drama  class) 
and  open-air  mezzanines 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


far  corner  on  the  ground  level.  But  once 
you  do,  you  can  watch  students  weaving 
traditional  Navajo  tapestries,  mastering 
blacksmith  techniques,  or  shaping  clay 
bottle  drums  used  in  Nigerian  women's 
traditional  dances. 

Painting,  photography,  sculpture,  and 
mixed-media  artwork  by  students  and 
professional  artists  are  displayed  in  the  art 
gallery.  Shows  usually  last  about  six  or 
eight  weeks.  Sometimes  the  viewer  cri- 
tiques in  the  gallery  guest  book — occa- 
sionally bitingly  acerbic,  occasionally 
gushingly  effusive — are  as  stimulating  as 
what's  on  the  walls. 

At  the  Gothic  Bookshop,  the  staff  can 
tell  you  exactly  how  many  copies  they 
have  left  of  the  latest  best  seller — and 
where  to  find  it — by  punching  up  the 
title  on  their  computer  screens.  A  special 
section  on  your  left  as  you  walk  through 
the  door  is  devoted  entirely  to  university 
faculty  members'  publications.  It's  an 
impressive  array,  from  scientific  analyses 
to  short  stories.  Book  signings  are  popular 
events;  in  December,  throngs  of  Blue 
Devil  basketball  fans  queued  up  for 
Coach  K's  autographing  session  for  his  A 
Season  Is  a  Lifetime,  the  Gothic's  all-time 
best-selling  book  to  date. 

In  the  nearby  University  Store,  almost 
every  conceivable  item  that  could  bear 
the  Duke  logo  is  on 
display.  There  are 
basketball  lamps,  in- 
fant bibs,  shot  glasses, 
and  leather  jackets, 
not  to  mention  the 
countless  T-shirts, 
running  shorts,  sweat- 
shirts, and  caps  in 
every  size,  from  in- 
fant to  XXL.  Stores 
manager  Tom  Craig 
says  that  the  bulk  of 
his  sales,  about  60  to 
65  percent,  is  cloth- 
ing. But  with  a  na- 
tional championship 
basketball  team,  re- 
ated  novelty  items 
keep  the  cash  regis- 
ters ringing. 

"The  most  unusual 
thing  we've  offered 
ately  is  the  swim- 
ming cap  painted  to 
look  like  a  basketball,"  says  Craig,  of  the 
$10  item  designed  by  two  recent  gradu- 
ates now  enrolled  at  the  Fuqua  business 
school.  "We  couldn't  keep  those  in 
stock." 

Downstairs,  the  textbook  store  has 
fine-tuned  the  art  of  moving  students 
through  lines  quickly.  Operations  manager 


Mary  Norton  promises  a  wait  of  no  more 
than  twelve  minutes  for  buying  books, 
including  at  the  start  of  the  semester,  the 
textbook  store's  most  hectic  time.  Even  if 
the  lines  move  quickly,  the  experience 
can  be  daunting  once  you  reach  the  cash 
register:  The  average  undergraduate  book 
bill  per  semester  ranges  from  $200  to 
$300.  And  the  bottom  line  for  certain 
majors,  like  engineering,  is  even  steeper. 


"Scientific  books  are  comprehensive, 
and  students  tend  to  keep  them  for  refer- 
ence, so  those  books  can  be  as  high  as 
sixty  or  seventy  dollars,"  says  Norton.  In 
January,  some  lucky  returning  students 
"won"  a  free  textbook  of  their  choice 
through  a  special  "Welcome  Back"  pro- 
motion. Norton's  staff  sounded  a  foghorn 
randomly  over  three  days;  if  you  hap- 
pened to  be  at  one  of  the  seven  cash  reg- 
isters when  it  sounded,  you  got  the  book 
of  your  choice  or  a  grab  bag  of  goodies. 

Eating  options  in  the  Bryan  Center 
include  the  Lobby  Shop,  a  convenience 
store  where  the  most  popular  items  are 
the  Harmony  Foods  trail  mixes,  Oodles  of 
Noodles,  and  assorted  beverages.  If  you're 
not  running  late  for  class  and  have  time 
to  sit  down,  the  Rathskeller  ("Rat")  and 
Boyd-Pishko  Cafe  ("BP")  offer  everything 
from  pasta  and  salads  to  grilled  sandwich- 
es. There  are  even  two  den-like  television 
rooms  nearby,  in  case  you  want  to  wolf 
down  a  "Ratburger"  while  watching  the 
soaps. 

But  the  Bryan  Center  was  built  to  be 
more  than  a  place  to  eat  and  meet.  There 
are  performance  spaces,  including  three 
theaters.  The  Griffith  Film  Theater, 
named  in  honor  of  William  J.  "Bill"  Grif- 
fith '50,  student  affairs  vice  president 
emeritus  and  his  wife,  Carol  Topham 
Griffith  R.N.  '52,  seats  more  than  five 
hundred,  and  is  "home"  for  the  Freewater 
Film  and  Quad  Flix  series. 

There's    also    a    smaller    "laboratory" 


I  an  u a • 


A  day  in  the  life:  Under 
one  roof,  students  can 
(clockwise  from  above) 
grab  a  bite  at  one  of  sev- 
eral eating  spots;  catch 
the  almost-latest  Holly- 
wood flick;  or  rack  'em 
ub  at  the  game  room 


space,  the  Sheafer  Theater,  and  the  spa- 
cious R.J.  Reynolds  Industries  Theater. 
The  latter  location  hosts  the  popular  pre- 
Broadway  series  but,  like 
some  other  areas  in  the 
Bryan  Center,  has  suf- 
fered in  the  past  from 
occasional  roof  leaks.  Says 
Union  director  Phelps, 
"Waylon  Jennings  joked 
that  he'd  never  been 
rained  on  while  playing 
inside  before." 

Such  creative  chal- 
lenges haven't  dampened 
theater-goers'  (or  perform- 
ers') enthusiasm  for  the  plush,  acoustical- 
ly sound,  600-seat  Reynolds  Theater. 
Dancer  Mikhail  Baryshnikov,  monologu- 
ist  Spalding  Gray,  and  actors  such  as 
Julie  Harris,  Jason  Robards,  and  Jack 
Lemmon,  among  others,  have  appeared 
in  front  of  the  stage  lights.  In  the  sum- 
mer, the  American  Dance  Festival  relies 
on  the  hall  to  supplement  its  Page  Audi- 
torium presentations. 

For  those  who  want  to  make  a  little 
music  of  their  own,  a  slightly  worn  piano 
sits  in  the  upstairs  atrium.  Years  of  student 
wear,  including  spilled  sodas  on  the  keys, 
don't  prevent  fledgling  pianists  from 
pounding  out  yet  another  rendition  of 
"Bridge  Over  Troubled  Water."  Peter 
Coyle,  associate  director  of  the  Union  and 
the  Bryan  Center,  claims  that  the  Simon 
&  Garfunkel  tune  seems  to  be  played  more 
than  any  other,  and  usually  not  very  well. 
"It  must  be  the  first  song  in  the  beginning 
piano  instruction  book,"  he  says. 


When  conceived,  the  university  center 
was  seen,  at  least  in  part,  as  a  place  where 
students  would  feel  at  home.  As  any  par- 
ent of  a  teenage  son  or  daughter  could  tell 
you,  that's  not  always  desirable.  Stray 
paper  cups  or  food  trays  aren't  always 
returned  to  their  proper  place.  And  theft 


is  an  unfortunate  reality;  lamp  shades, 
chairs,  and  even  several  pieces  of  artwork 
have  disappeared. 

"Once,  someone  took  a  huge  plant, 
about  that  size,"  says  Jake  Phelps,  point- 
ing to  a  nearly  ten-foot-tall  planter.  "Just 
before  Thanksgiving,  it  suddenly  reap- 
peared. It  stayed  there  throughout  Christ- 
mas break,  but  when  students  returned  for 
spring  semester,  it  disappeared  again.  Who- 
ever took  it  obviously  just  wanted  some- 
one to  look  after  it  while  they  were  away." 

While  university  officials  would  cer- 
tainly like  the  furnishings  to  stay,  they 
don't  expect  the 
Bryan  Center's  am- 
bience to  remain 
static.  Several 
years  ago,  Cable 
13,  the  first  stu- 
dent-run universi- 
ty cable  station 
in  the  country, 
moved  its  facili- 
ties into  a  newly- 
cons true  ted, 
greenhouse-style 
addition  off  the 
building's  circular 
drive-up  entrance. 
And  the  growth 
continues:  There's 
talk  of  turning 
one  end  of  a  long, 
sunny  mezzanine 
into  a  cappucino  cafe,  complete  with 
European-style  booths  and  tables. 

As  the  Bryan  Center  begins  its  second 
decade,  there  are  signs  that  other  recon- 
figurations will  be  needed.  The  computer 
store,  for  example,  was  a  one-person  oper- 
ation when  it  was  launched  in  December 
of  1984-  It  moved  to  its  current  location, 
900-square-feet  "borrowed"  from  the  text- 
book store,  three  years  later. 

But  because  of  the  technology  boom, 
the  computer  store  soon  suffered  growing 
pains  in  that  cramped  allotment.  Con- 
struction is  now  under  way  to  transform 
underground  stockrooms  into  a  new, 
2,700-square-foot  computer  store.  Such 
enhancements  have  become  a  hallmark 
of  the  Bryan  Center's  adaptability.  And 
in  the  computer  store's  case,  not  a 
moment  too  soon.  "When  we  first  started, 
it  was  just  me  sitting  at  a  desk,"  recalls 
Scott  Seaman  '82,  manager  of  the  com- 
puter store.  "We  now  sell  more  computers 
in  the  first  week  of  school  than  we  sold 
our  entire  first  year." 

— text  by  Bridget  Booher; 
photos  by  Lars  Lucier  '90 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


DUKE 


TRUSTEE 
NOMINEES 


Four  alumni — two  new  and  two  for 
renewal — have  been  nominated  by 
the  executive  committee  of  the  Duke 
Alumni  Association  to  Duke's  board  of 
trustees.  Senior  executives  Peter  M. 
Nicholas  '64  and  Gary  L.  Wilson  '62  join 
George  V.  Grune  '52  and  Dorothy  Lewis 
Simpson  '47,  who  are  both  up  for  re-election 
to  a  second  term.  The  four  would  represent 
alumni  during  six-year  terms  on  the  board, 
beginning  July  1,  1993. 

Nicholas,  president  and  founder  of  Bos- 
ton Scientific  Corporation,  and  his  wife, 
Ginny  Lilly  Nicholas  '64,  have  established 
a  Duke  legacy:  son  John  Kirby  Nicholas  '89, 
son  Peter  Michael  Nicholas  Jr.  '92,  and 
daughter  Katherine  Lilly  Nicholas  '94.  The 
Nicholases  live  in  Concord,  Massachusetts. 

While  at  Duke,  Nicholas  was  a  member  of 
Phi  Delta  Theta  fraternity,  business  manager 
of  The  Chanticleer,  and  a  member  of 
NROTC  and  its  honorary  Corsairs  Society. 
After  earning  his  M.B.A.  from  the  Wharton 
School  at  Penn,  he 
held  various  posi- 
tions with  Eli  Lilly 
&  Company  before 
founding  Boston  Sci- 
entific in  1979.  A 
strong  supporter  of 
Duke,  he  is  a  char- 
ter member  of  the 
President's  Execu- 
tive Council  of  the 
William  Preston  Few  Peter  M.Nicholas 
Association,  a  member  of  the  Founders' 
Society,  and  a  Centurion  for  Duke's  Capital 
Campaign  for  the  Arts  &.  Sciences  and  Engi- 
neering. A  class  agent  in  1980-84  and  a 
member  of  the  Alumni  Admissions  Advi- 
sory Committee,  he  received  a  Charles  A. 
Dukes  Award  in  1986  for  outstanding  volun- 
tary service.  He  also  chairs  the  Trinity 
College  Board  of  Visitors. 

Wilson,  chairman  of  Northwest  Airlines, 
Inc.,  was  also  a  member  of  Phi  Delta  Theta 
fraternity  at  Duke,  ran  track,  and  lettered  in 
football.  He  earned  his  M.B.A.  in  1963  at 
Penn's  Wharton  School.  He  moved  through 


two  executive  vice  presidential  positions 
with  investment  companies  over  ten  years 
before  becoming  executive  vice  president  of 
finance  and  chief  financial  officer  of  the 
Marriott  Corporation.  He  later  became 
executive  vice  president  and  chief  financial 
officer  for  Walt  Disney  Productions  before 
becoming  a  major 
investor  in  North- 
west Airlines.  He  is 
a  charter  member  of 
the  President's  Ex- 
ecutive Council,  a 
member  of  Duke's 
Founders'  Society, 
and  a  Centurion, 
and  serves  on  the 

,    „    ,  Fuqua     School's 

Gary  L.  Wibon  i_        j      r     ■ 

board  of  visitors 

and  its  development  committee.  He  also 

chairs    the    Los   Angeles    area   Executive 

Leadership  Board.  Wilson,  who  lives  in 

Los  Angeles,  has  a  son,  Derek  Wilson  '86, 

of  Washington,  DC. 

The  chairman,  CEO,  and  director  of 
Reader's  Digest,  George  Grune  has  been  a 
Duke  trustee  since  1987.  As  a  student,  he 
was  editor  of  The  Archive,  chaired  the 
Men's  Judicial  Board,  was  a  member  of 
Omicron  Delta  Kappa  and  Alpha  Tau 
Omega  fraternity,  and  played  varsity  foot- 
ball. He  joined  Reader's  Digest  in  1960.  He 
is  also  a  member  of  the  President's  Execu- 
tive Council  at  Duke  and  is  the  director  of 
several  professional  and  philanthropic  orga- 
nizations, including  the  Boys  Clubs  of 
America,  the  YMCA,  the  Reader's  Digest 
Foundation,  and  the  Association  of  Ameri- 
can Publishers.  He  is  a  trustee  and  manag- 
ing director  of  the  Metropolitan  Museum  of 
Art,  a  tnistee  of  the  New  York  Zoological 
Society,  and  former  trustee  of  McAllister 
College  and  Rollins  College's  business 
school.  He  chairs  Duke's  New  York  Metro- 
politan Executive  Leadership  Board.  He 
and  his  wife,  Betty  Lu  Albert  Grune  '51, 
live  in  Westport,  Connecticut. 

A  trustee  since  1982,  Dorothy  Lewis 
Simpson  was  an  active  Duke  undergradu- 
ate. She  was  a  member  of  Kappa  Alpha 
Theta,  Phi  Mu  Epsilon,  Phi  Kappa  Delta, 
Delta  Phi  Rho  Alpha,  White  Duchy,  the 
Nereidian  Club,  and  Pegasus,  and  played 


on  the  women's  hockey,   basketball,   and 

softball  teams.  She  was  president  of  her 

^^^^^^hmhh   class  both  junior  and 

^^^H   senior 

I   she  has  been  an  ac- 
I    tive  volunteer,  hold- 

,  |VV*S  fl    'nS  leadership  posi- 

I  I   tions  with  the  PTA, 

!■'*'■  ^~"'     ^fl|   Girl    Scouts,    and 
I  I  \      r       ^^H   Campfire  Girls,  and 
^^f'^fl      I    serving  as  presideni 
£  ^H      I    of 
f^    ^^^^m   programs.  In   1982, 
she      earned       her 
M.B.A.  at  the  University  of  Washington. 
She  is  a  friend  of  the  Duke  Art  Museum,  a 
member  of  the  William  Preston  Few  Asso- 
ciation and  the  Founders'  Society,  and  a 
Centurion.    She    lives    in   Mercer   Island, 
Washington. 

Duke's  charter 
calls  for  the  election 
of  one-third  of  its 
trustees  by  graduates 
of  the  university. 
Every  two  years,  in 
odd -numbered 
years,  the  terms  of 
four  of  the  twelve 
alumni  trustees  ex- 
pire.  The  executive  Doro[/l,  Lcu,,s  Sim/,5on 
committee     of    the 

Duke  Alumni  Association's  board  of  di- 
rectors serves  as  the  nominating  committee 
and  submits  a  list  of  names  to  the  universi- 
ty secretary  for  submission  to  the  trustees. 
Four  names  are  then  approved  for  final 
submission  to  the  alumni  body,  with 
additional  nominations  permitted  by 
petition. 

After  notice  appears  in  print,  alumni 
may  submit  a  petition  by  one-half  of  1  per- 
cent of  the  alumni  body  (435)  within  thir- 
ty days  to  nominate  additional  persons. 

The  alumni  affairs  director  maintains  a 
confidential  roster  of  alumni  recommended 
as  trustees;  and  he  welcomes  and  encourages 
recommendations  from  alumni  at  any  time. 
The  next  election  will  be  for  terms  that 
expire  in  1995.  Please  submit  names  and 
biographical  information  to:  M.  Laney  Fun- 
derburk  Jr.  '60,  Director  of  Alumni  Affairs, 
614  Chapel  Drive,  Durham,  N.C.  27708. 


January-February    1995 


WEEKEND  FOR 
CAREERS 

What's  "out  there"  after  gradua- 
tion? Alumni  know,  and  they'll 
be  sharing  their  career  knowl- 
edge and  professional  advice  with  under- 
graduates over  a  long  weekend,  February  25- 
28,  at  the  Conference  on  Career  Choices 
(CCC). 

The  CCC  is  a  biennial,  student-orga- 
nized, weekend  program  offering  career- 
path  guidance  before  that  first  senior-year 
job  interview.  Its  aim  is  to  inform  students 
about  career  options  through  interaction 
with  successful  alumni.  As  many  as  a  hun- 
dred alumni  from  a  wide  range  of  careers 
will  be  on  campus  discussing  not  only  jobs 
but  issues  pertinent  to  today's  expectations. 

The  conference  is  endowed  by  A.  Mor- 
ris Williams  Jr.  '62,  M.A.T.  '63  in  honor  of 
Fannie  Y.  Mitchell,  who  directed  Duke's 
Placement  Office  for  twenty-six  years. 
Sponsored  by  the  Career  Development 
Center,  the  CCC  has  as  its  motto  "Duke — 
A  link  in  the  chain  of  success." 

Twelve  panels,  with  several  alumni  on 
each,  will  cover  such  fields  as  advertising, 
audio-visual  communications,  computer  sci- 
ence, consulting  in  different  fields,  teaching, 
engineering,  financial  services,  government 
and  politics,  law,  marketing,  medicine,  the 
natural  sciences,  nonprofit  organizations, 
print  journalism,  and  the  social  sciences.  Stu- 
dents will  reverse  roles  and  field  questions 
when  a  panel  of  campus  leaders  meets  with 
alumni  participants  to  update  them  on 
campus  activities  and  attitudes. 

The  weekend  will  include  a  Friday 
evening  reception  and  dinner,  a  full  day  of 
panels  and  seminars  with  an  informal 
lunch,  a  faculty  and  alumni  dinner  with 
CCC  planning  committee  members,  and  a 
Sunday  breakfast. 

Alumni  who  are  interested  in  the  CCC 
should  contact  CCC  co-chair  Kevin  Cops, 
P.O.  Box  4968,  Duke  Station,  Durham, 
N.C.  27706. 


THE  THRILL  OF 
THE  HUNT 


Despite  the  AAA  travel  map,  I  got 
lost  on  my  way  to  find  meaning  in 
Williamsburg.  Instead  of  an  easy 
drive  to  the  historic  town,  a  few  wrong 
turns  left  me  cursing  my  fortune.  I  zoomed 
past  slow  cars  to  arrive  (late)  at  the 
Williamsburg  Lodge. 

Happily,  my  irritation  vanished  once  I 
got  there.  But  it  was  a  fitting — albeit  fit- 
ful— start  for  a  weekend  designed  to  pro- 


mote self-reflection.  I  was  one  of  more 
than  sixty  women  and  men  who  had 
signed  up  for  "The  Search  For  Meaning," 
an  Alumni  Affairs  "mini-college."  We 
gathered  to  explore  some  of  the  most  fun- 
damental questions  of  all  time:  Why  are 
we  here?  What  is  the  purpose  of  life?  Is  it 
possible  to  attain  true  inner  peace? 

The  seminar  was  fashioned  after  a  popu- 
lar undergraduate  course  taught  by 
William  Willimon,  dean  of  the  chapel  and 
professor  of  Christian  ministry,  and  eco- 
nomics professor  Thomas  Naylor.  At  the 
Williamsburg  course,  they  were  joined  by 
psychiatrist  Magdalena  Naylor.  (Some  of 
the  material  in  the  course  will  be  featured 
in  the  Naylors'  book,  The  Search  For  Mean- 
ing, to  be  published  later  this  year.) 

After  a  hearty  colonial  meal  featuring 
peanut  soup,  guests  enjoyed  a  talk  by 
author  Gail  Sheehy,  who  has  begun  work 
on  a  follow-up  to  her  landmark  book,  Pas- 
sages.  The  group  then  got  down  to  the 
business  at  hand,  assembling  for  the  first  of 
nine  sessions.  "Welcome  to  a  journey," 
Willimon  said  to  the  group.  "We  are  not 
experts.  We  are  all  here  to  engage  in  the 


search."  Perhaps  some  of  us  secretly  wished 
for  quick  and  easy  answers  as  our  quest 
began,  but  we  soon  came  to  appreciate  the 
importance  of  the  search  itself. 

Along  the  way,  a  number  of  concepts 
came  under  scrutiny:  America's  "car  cul- 
ture," which  isolates  individuals  from  the 
environment  and  one  another;  "having" 
versus  "being,"  the  tendency  of  acquisitive 
people  constantly  to  need  bigger  and  bet- 
ter houses,  cars,  stereos,  etc.;  and  the 
simultaneous  desire  for,  but  avoidance  of,  a 
true  sense  of  fellowship. 

"'Community'  is  something  people  say 
they  want,"  said  Thomas  Naylor,  "but  few 
people  are  willing  to  do  what  it  takes  to 
create  that."  In  the  absence  of  traditional 
models  of  community — genuine  concern 
for  one's  neighbors,  for  example — people 
search  for  alternate  "families."  Naylor 
cited  youth  gangs  and  Harley  Davidson 
motorcycle  clubs  to  prove  his  point,  and 
one  participant  noted  that  even  Air 
Stream  recreational  vehicle  owners  have 
forged  their  own  "community." 

In  its  undergraduate  form,  "The  Search 
for  Meaning"  dates  back  several  years.  It 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


was  created  by  Willimon  and  Naylor  in 
response  to  what  they  saw  as  a  spiritual 
void  in  the  lives  of  students.  The  course 
requires  participants  to  examine  their  lives 
in  often  starkly  realistic  ways.  (Willimon 
told  about  the  time  he  half-jokingly  asked 
a  student,  upset  over  being  closed  out  of 
the  class,  "whether  his  life  was  so  mean- 
ingless that  he  had  to  get  into  our  class"  to 
find  meaning.) 

For  the  Williamsburg  group,  the  soul- 
searching  stemmed  from  such  adult  experi- 
ences as  the  loss  of  loved  ones,  the  dissolu- 
tion of  important  relationships,  and 
youthful  expectations  that  had  been 
dashed — or  revised — with  age.  As  the 
weekend  progressed,  friendships  and  confi- 
dences were  established,  and  personal  life 
stories  emerged. 

On  my  leisurely  drive  home  from 
Williamsburg,  with  orange  and  red  autumn 
leaves  falling  in  graceful  arcs,  I  reflected 
on  the  subtle  shift  that  had  taken  place  in 
my  own  outlook  on  life.  As  if  to  test  my 
new-found  harmony,  1  noticed  that  1  was 
stuck  in  a  long  line  of  slow-moving  cars.  It 
seems  that  we  were  being  held  up  by  a 


throng  of  Harley  Davidson  motorcyclists. 
During  one  long,  curving  stretch  of  high- 
way I  caught  a  glimpse  of  them  up  ahead, 
dozens  of  black-leather-attired  bikers  riding 
two  abreast.  Instead  of  being  annoyed  by 
the  delay,  I  smiled,  comfortable  in  the 
knowledge  that  I  was  traveling  in  the 
shadow  of  a  self-contained  community, 
and  that  we  were  all  heading  down  the 
same  road  together. 

— Bridget  Booher 


DAA  BOARD 
UPDATE 

Meeting  in  mid-October,  the 
board  of  directors  of  the  Duke 
Alumni  Association  (DAA)  in- 
dulged in  an  afternoon-long,  open-ended 
discussion  about  the  association's  priorities 
and  direction.  The  discussion  helped 
launch  the  board's  long-range  planning 
effort  and  touched  on  a  number  of  ideas, 
ranging    from    implementing    a    national 


electronic  network  that  would  link  alumni 
with  the  campus,  to  enhancing  the  Alum- 
ni House's  potential  as  an  alumni  recep- 
tion center. 

Standing  committees  met  earlier  in  the 
weekend  and  reported  to  the  full  board 
during  its  Saturday  meeting.  President- 
elect Stanley  G.  Brading  Jr.  '72,  Finance 
Committee  chair,  reported  that  alumni  dues 
payments  were  significantly  ahead  of  the 
previous  year.  He  also  mentioned  that 
there  were  some  860  new  lifetime  dues 
payers. 

The  Continuing  Education  and  Travel 
Committee,  chaired  by  James  D.  Warren 
'79,  reported  impressive  responses  to  the 
July  alumni  college  program,  "The  Arts  of 
the  Southwest"  in  Santa  Fe,  and  a  fully- 
subscribed  "Meaning  of  Life"  alumni  col- 
lege— with  more  than  sixty  searchers 
signed  on — in  Williamsburg.  And  he  spoke 
of  the  positive  direction  for  "Duke  Direc- 
tions," the  day-long  mini-colleges  held  on 
campus  in  conjunction  with  reunion 
weekends.  The  committee's  creativity  has 
also  been  applied  to  structuring  two  fall 
"road  shows,"  half-day  seminars  done  in 
conjunction  with  the  clubs  program. 

For  Laurie  Eisenberg  May  '71,  chair  of 
the  Alumni  Admissions/Endowed  Scholar- 
ship Committee,  the  main  goal  is  to  in- 
crease the  interview  rate  from  85  percent  to 
95  percent.  She  is  also  looking  to  improve 
communication  between  high  school 
counselors  and  Alumni  Admissions  Advi- 
sory Committee  (AAAC)  representatives, 
and  to  better  coordinate  AAAC  represen- 
tation at  college  fairs  across  the  country. 
The  committee  has  been  involved  in 
scheduling  a  number  of  recognition  activities 
for  the  undergraduate  Alumni  Endowed 
Scholars,  including  a  tour  of  the  Duke  Pri- 
mate Center. 

Reporting  for  the  Awards  and  Recogni- 
tion Committee,  Sandra  Clingan  Smith 
'80,  M.B.A.  '83  said  that  the  committee 
had  received  twenty-three  nominations  for 
the  1993  Distinguished  Alumni  Award. 
The  committee  planned  to  make  its  rec- 
ommendations to  the  board's  executive 
committee  this  winter. 

Clubs  Committee  chair  Robert  T.  Har- 
per '76,  J.D.  '79  outlined  a  series  of  goals 
that  the  committee  has  set  for  itself.  They 
include  continuing  an  emphasis  on  com- 
munity service,  attracting  older  alumni  to 
club  activities,  and  providing  new  mecha- 
nisms for  volunteer  recognition  and  lead- 
ership development. 

R.  Ross  Harris  '78,  M.B.A.  '80  told  the 
board  of  insurance  programs  that  had  been 
evaluated  by  the  Member  Benefits  and  Ser- 
vices Committee,  which  she  chairs.  The 
board  voted  to  endorse  the  committee's 
plans  to  go  forward  with  major-medical, 
short-term  medical,  and  term  life  programs. 


]  a  n  u  a  ■ 


■  F ebruai 


1993 


19 


For  The  Best 
In  Retirement  Living 

Gracious  Living 

Cottages,  apartments,  many 
appealing  features  in  community 
designed  for  residents  age  65  and  over. 
Lovely  dining  and  club  rooms,  indoor 
pool,  transportation,  activities,  and 
much  more.  Entry  fee  plus  monthly 
service  fee. 

Excellent  Location 

Our  42-acre  site  has  walking  trails, 
historic  barn,  yet  is  close  to  mall, 
shops,  and  Duke  campus. 

The  Life  Care  Advantage  - 

Ends  worries  about  nursing 
care  costs  and  availability.  Care  is 
provided  on-site,  in  affiliation  with 
Duke  University  Medical  Center. 

Please  call  or  write  for  details: 


Tide 

Name 

Address 

City 

State 

2701  Pickett  Road 

Durham,  North  Carolina  27705 

(919)  490-8000 


Page  H.  Ives  B.S.E.  '84,  Reunions  Com- 
mittee chair,  reported  on  September's  suc- 
cessful series  of  reunions — as  measured  by 
numbers  and  evaluations  alike — for  mem- 
bers of  the  40th,  45th,  and  50th  reunion 
classes  and  the  Half  Century  Club.  The 
committee  is  examining  ways  to  enhance 
an  event  that's  brought  a  less  than  over- 
whelming response,  at  least  from  the  stu- 
dent body,  the  fall  Homecoming. 

One  unusual  feature  of  the  board  week- 
end was  a  tribute  to  Alumni  Affairs  direc- 
tor M.  Laney  Funderburk  Jr.  '60.  Past 
DAA  presidents  returned  to  campus  for  a 
dinner  and  testimonials  that  marked  Fun- 
derburk's  first  decade  in  the  job.  The  board 
later  voted  to  extend  an  honorary,  life- 
time DAA  membership  to  Senior  Vice 
President  for  Alumni  Affairs  and  Develop- 
ment John  Piva,  who  is  also  marking  ten 
years  at  Duke. 


A  DAY  TO  MAKE 
A  DIFFERENCE 

As  the  Duke  Club  of  Washington, 
D.C.,  begins  its  fourth  year  of  vol- 
unteer service  with  the  Partners 
In  Education  (PIE)  Project,  Duke  in 
Southern  California  launched  the  West 
Coast  version  of  this  adopt-a-school  com- 
munity service  project.  "Carnival  Day"  was 
held  at  the  Pio  Pico  School  in  central  Los 
Angeles  in  August,  featuring  water  balloon 
stompings  and  tossing  contests,  basketball 
dunkings,  kickball  games,  face  painting, 
running  games,  story-tellings,  hot  dogs, 
and  "best  class  banner"  (the  winner: 
"Duke  and  Pio  Pico:  the  Real  Dream 
Team"). 

Members  of  the  Adopt-A-School  Com- 
mittee organizing  the  event  were  Eva 
Herbst  '87  and  Laine  Wagenseller  '90.  A 
calendar  of  Pio  Pico  activities  has  been  set 
up,  including  a  day  at  the  beach  for  the 
fifth  grade  class  that  won  the  banner  con- 
test, football  game  field  trips,  a  Thanksgiv- 
ing potluck,  school  beautification  and 
environmental  awareness  day,  tutoring 
and  sports  workshops,  and  a  health  and  fit- 
ness fair.  The  California  club's  president  is 
Larry  Goldenhersh  '77. 

Duke  CARES  (Community  Action  Re- 
sponse Encouraging  Service)  was  the  na- 
tional focus  for  clubs  on  October  31,  with 
more  than  a  dozen  participating  for  a  happy 
Halloween.  California  alumni  helped  Pio 
Pico  kids  create  a  haunted  house,  make 
masks,  carve  pumpkins,  and  bob  for  apples. 
The  Duke  Club  of  Washington  took  part 
in  Project  Mend-A-Home,  making  a  ten- 
year-old,  wheelchair-bound  boy's  living 
space   more   accessible,   with   ramps   and 


When  blue  is  green:  club  president  Kathy  Sorley  '79 
plants  trees  with  the  Duke  Club  of  London 

bathroom  renovations.  Polly  Frank  '67  was 
the  contact  person. 

Halloween  parties  for  kids  were  the 
order  of  the  day.  Locally,  the  Duke  Club  of 
the  Triangle  arranged  two  separate  events, 
one  for  Lenox  Baker  Children's  Hospital 
and  another  for  the  Ronald  McDonald 
House.  Dawn  Taylor  '89  coordinated.  The 
Duke  Club  of  Kentucky  threw  a  party  at 
the  Home  of  the  Innocents  in  Louisville, 
arranged  by  Dale  Van  Fleet  '75.  The  Duke 
Club  of  Memphis  took  Halloween  to  the 
kids  at  Estival  Place,  which  houses  twenty 
families  who  were  previously  homeless. 
Bryan  P.  Simmons  '72  is  the  club's  presi- 
dent. In  Georgia,  the  Duke  Club  of 
Atlanta  treated  a  group  of  underprivileged 
kids  to  the  Duke-Georgia  Tech  game,  after 
taking  them  to  Blue  Devil  football  practice 
the  day  before.  Club  president  Nancy  Jor- 
dan Ham  '82  arranged  the  outing. 

Across  the  pond,  the  Duke  club  in  Lon- 
don went  green  for  Halloween,  holding  a 
picnic  and  tree  planting  on  Milton  Heath 
near  Dorking  in  Surrey,  in  conjunction 
with  the  British  Trust  for  Conservation 
Volunteers.  The  tree  planting  was  fol- 
lowed by  a  "Back  Home  Style"  Texas  bar- 
becue and  a  pumpkin  carving. 

The  third  annual  Red  Ribbon  River 
Run  for  Drug  Free  Youth  was  the  Duke 
CARES  project  for  the  Duke  Club  of  Lit- 
tle Rock.  There  was  a  IK  walk,  a  5K  run, 
and  activities  for  the  little  ones  during  the 
race.  Nathan  Gay  '86  is  the  club  president. 
Janet  Hunt  '84  coordinated  a  beautifica- 
tion project  at  Frick  Park,  followed  by  a 
picnic,  for  the  Duke  Club  of  Pittsburgh. 
North  Carolina's  Duke  Club  of  Catawba 
Valley,  whose  president  is  Beth  Russell 
Ballhaussen  '81,  prepared  a  hundred  bag 
lunches  for  the  homeless  and  needy  and 
distributed  them  at  the  Hickory  Soup 
Kitchen.  The  Duke  Club  of  Kansas  City 
spent  the  day  working  with  Habitat  for 
Humanity  rehabbing  houses  for  the  home- 
less. Mark  Logan  '87  and  Jeff  Brick  '66 
coordinated.  The  Duke  Club  of  Char- 
lottesville   gathered    for    a    breakfast    at 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


Oregano  Joe's  Restaurant  to  collect  blan- 
kets, food,  and  money  to  support  the  Shel- 
ter for  Help  in  Emergency.  Carol  Clarke 
'68  was  the  contact. 

Efforts  in  community  service  by  the  Duke 
Club  of  Northern  California  (DCNC)  are 
producing  a  healthy  rivalry  with  Southern 
California.  DCNC  pitched  in  for  the  local 
South  Bay  Christmas  in  April  program  by 
painting  the  playground  at  a  San  Jose 
school.  Last  Easter,  Susan  Lehman  '87 
worked  with  nineteen  other  volunteers  at 
Glide  Memorial  Church  to  set  up  an  East- 
er egg  hunt  and  prepare  a  meal.  In  Sep- 
tember, the  club  served  meals  and  pre- 
pared bag  lunches  at  Glide,  and  on 
Halloween,  served  meals  there  in  costumes 
and  masks  and  gave  candy  to  the  children 
who  eat  there.  Duke  volunteers  also  shared 
two-hour  morning  shifts  serving  meals  on 
Thanksgiving.  Cynthia  Politica  Walden 
'80  is  the  club's  president. 

CARES  inspired  the  Duke  Club  of 
Chicago  to  work  with  the  Lincoln-Bel- 
mont Food  Pantry,  which  annually  feeds 
more  than  10,000  people,  nearly  half  of 
whom  are  children  living  below  the  pover- 
ty line.  Contacts  were  Leslie  Jones  '86,  Bill 
Rountree  '84,  and  Laura  Van  Peenan  '87. 
The  New  York  City  area's  club,  DUMAA, 
continued  its  volunteer  work  preparing 
and  serving  meals  at  the  University  Soup 
Kitchen  of  the  Church  of  the  Nativity. 


VOLUNTEERS  FOR 
VISIBILITY 


Duke  is  establishing  Executive  Lead- 
ership Boards  (ELBs)  in  fifteen 
major  U.S.  cities.  The  volunteer- 
driven  ELBs  are  meant  to  raise  the  visibility 
of  all  regional  Duke  activities — from  ad- 
missions interviewing  to  alumni  events  to 
visiting  dignitaries — and  create  a  stronger 
Duke  presence  in  each  city.  Each  ELB  will 
also  introduce  Duke's  new  president  to 
alumni,  parents,  and  friends  by  hosting  visits. 

Boards  have  been  set  up  and  chairs 
selected  for  the  following  cities:  Atlanta, 
L.  Neil  Williams  Jr.  '58,  LL.B.  '61;  Boston, 
Richard  H.  Jones  '73;  and  Los  Angeles, 
Gary  L.  Wilson  '62. 

First  meetings  are  soon  to  be  held  in 
New  York  City,  with  George  V.  Grune  '52 
chairing;  in  Philadelphia,  with  Harold  L. 
"Spike"  Yoh  B.S.E.E.  '58  chairing;  Ra- 
leigh, with  Frank  A.  Daniels  III  '78  chair- 
ing; and  Washington,  D.C.,  with  Judy  C. 
Woodruff  '68  chairing. 

Throughout  the  coming  months,  ELBs 
will  also  be  established  in  Baltimore, 
Central  Florida,  Charlotte,  Chicago,  Dur- 
ham, San  Francisco,  South  Florida,  and 


the  Triad  (Greensboro,  High  Point,  and 
Winston-Salem). 

In  addition,  City  Development  Coun- 
cils are  being  created  in  thirteen  cities  this 
year  to  assist  the  university's  future  fund- 
raising  needs.  The  councils  will  work  to 
enhance  local  awareness  of  Duke's  needs, 
coordinate  all  fund-raising  activities  with- 
in cities  and  regions,  and  train  volunteers 
to  take  active  roles  in  raising  philanthrop- 
ic support  for  the  university.  Volunteers  in 
Atlanta,  Boston,  Charlotte,  Chicago,  Dal- 


las, Durham,  Los  Angeles,  Miami,  New 
York,  Northern  New  Jersey,  San  Francisco, 
the  Triad,  and  Washington,  D.C.,  are  cur- 
rently being  recruited. 

Council  chairs  already  appointed  are: 
William  W.  Neal  II  '54,  Charlotte;  Carol 
Anspach  Kohn  '60,  Chicago;  Duke  parents 
Charron  Denker  and  Peter  J.  Denker 
B.S.E.E.  '59,  Dallas;  Charles  T.  Smith  Jr.  '54, 
Durham;  Roy  J.  Bostock  '62,  New  York  City; 
and  Peter  R.  Schmidt  '56  and  Thomas  J. 
Alworth  '63,  Northern  New  Jersey. 


RisingSeas 


Duke  University 

Marine  Lab  Alumni  College 

May  14-16, 1993 

Beaufort,  North  Carolina 


Sponsored  by  Duke  University 
Office  of  Alumni  Affairs 


Are  our  beaches  being  endangered 
by  overdevelopment,  rising  sea 
levels,  and  "protective"  measures 
that  do  more  harm  than  good? 
Spend  an  exciting  weekend  at  the 
beach  exploring  the  forces,  both 
natural  and  artificial,  that  shape  our 
nation's  coastline.  Join  Professor 
Orrin  Pilkey,  internationally 
renowned  expert  in  coastal  con- 
servation, and  Duke  Marine  Lab 
faculty  for  a  weekend  of  discovery. 

For  more  information,  contact 

Deborah  Weiss  Fowlkes  78 

Director 

Alumni  Continuing  Education 

6 1 4  Chapel  Drive 

Durham,  NC  27708 

9 1 9  684-5 1 14  or  800  FOR-DUKE 


January -February    1993 


CLASS 
NOTES 


WRITE:  Class  Notes  Editor,  Duke  Magazin 
Box  90570,  Durham,  N.C.  27708-0570 

FAX:  (919)  684-6022  (typed  only,  please) 


CHANGE  OF  ADDRESS:  Alumni  Records, 
Box  90613,  Durham,  N.C.  27708-0613.  Please 
include  mailing  label  and  allow  six  weeks. 


NOTICE:  Because  of  t 
class  note  material  we  receive  and  the 
long  lead  time  required  for  typesetting, 
design,  and  printing,  your  submission 
may  not  appear  for  three  to  four  issues. 
Alumni  are  urged  to  include  spouses' 
names  in  marriage  and  birth  announce- 
ments. We  do  not  record  engagements. 


20s,  30s  &  40s 


Robert  G.  Tuttle  '28  is  a  retired  Methodist  min- 
ister in  Asheville,  N.C.  He  writes  that  he  spends  his 
spare  time  reading  and  writing  books. 

Paul  Garner  '32,  A.M.  '34,  professor  emeritus  and 
dean  emeritus  at  the  University  of  Alabama's  College 
of  Commerce  and  Business  Administration,  was 
awarded  the  1991  Beta  Gamma  Sigma  Presidential 
Citation.  He  is  author  of  Evolution  of  Cost  Accounting 
to  1925,  which  was  published  in  three  languages,  and 
he  co-authored  nine  other  books  published  from  1941 
to  1978. 

Maurice  J.  Duttera  Sr.  '33,  who  retired  in  1977 
as  president  of  the  Coca-Cola  Bottling  Co.  of  West 
Point  and  LaGrange,  Ga.,  is  the  author  of  The  Perma- 
nent Resolution,  or  These  Sei/-Eriaent  Truths.  He  is  also 
ptesident  of  the  Foundation  for  Education  for 
Responsible  Citizenship.  He  lives  in  West  Point,  Ga. 

Clarence  E.  "Buck"  Badgett  '38  writes  that 
he  is  retired  and  active  with  golf,  travel,  and  wood- 
working.  He  and  his  wife,  Alice,  live  in  LaGrange,  Ga. 


T.  Going  A.M.  '38  received  the  presi- 
dent's first  Award  of  Merit  from  Southern  Illinois 
University  at  Edwardsville  in  May.  A  professor  emeri- 
tus of  English  language  and  litetature  who  has  also 
served  as  dean  of  instruction  and  dean  of  academic 
affairs,  he  was  cited  for  having  "imbued  the  institu- 
tion with  a  commitment  to  academic  excellence, 
integrity,  and  independence." 

J.  Dean  Strausbaugh  '40  received  the  Golden 
Achievement  Award  for  Government  from  Doctors 
Hospital  in  Columbus,  Ohio,  for  "distinguished  com- 
munity service."  A  retired  judge,  he  has  been  presi- 
dent of  the  Columbus  Area  Community  Mental 
Health  Center  and  of  the  Columbus  Area  Council  on 
Alcoholism. 


'42  is  a  physician  in 
Chattanooga,  Tenn.  A  member  of  the  1942  Rose 
Bowl  team,  he  recently  returned  to  Duke  for  his  50th 
class  reunion. 


S.  Stewart  IV  M.D.  '43,  a  Milwaukee 
orthopaedic  surgeon,  retired  in  December. 

John  M.  Barbee  A.M.  '46,  professor  and  chair  of 
the  philosophy  department  at  National-Louis  Univer- 
sity in  Chicago,  received  the  university's  Excellence 
in  Teaching  Award  for  1992.  He  has  been  a  faculty 
member  there  since  1968. 


Emory  Jariel  McKenzie  A.M.  '47  represented 
Duke  at  the  inauguration  of  the  president  of  Ottawa 
University. 


50s 


Logan  L.  "Scott"  Bruce  '50,  who  died  in  1968, 
was  honored  posthumously  with  the  naming  of  the 
Bruce  Conference  Room  in  the  lodge  headquarters  of 
the  Episcopal  Diocese  of  North  Carolina's  Camp  and 
Conference  Center  in  Browns  Summit.  He  was 
ordained  a  deacon  in  1964. 

W.  Kenney  Withers  '5 1  retired  as  director  of  the 
Southern  Illinois  University  at  Carbondale  Press  after 
12  years.  He  is  a  past  editor-in-chief  for  humanities 
for  Holt,  Rinehart  and  Winston  Publishers.  He  lives 
in  Carbondale. 

Richard  Bauman  '53,  a  commercial  real  estate 
developer  and  president  of  Bauman  Realty  Co.  in 
Memphis,  Tenn.,  won  the  Tennessee  Master's  in  the 
60-64  age  group  in  50-meter  freestyle  swimming  and 
in  the  50-meter  breastroke. 

Becky  Weathers  Dukes  '56  released  her  first 
musical  work,  Alive,  a  cassette  featuring  12  original 
songs  that  she  composed  and  performs.  She  lives  in 
Hyattsville,  Md. 


'56,  M.D.  '59,  a  physician  and  Air 
Force  colonel  stationed  in  England,  was  awarded  the 
Bronze  Star  for  service  in  Operation  Desert  Storm. 


Hansen  '57  has  been  appointed 
executive  director  of  the  Ga.  Council  for  Interna- 
tional Visitors,  a  volunteer  agency  she  has  been 
involved  with  since  1968. 


M.D.  '58  has  been  named  a 
fellow  of  the  American  College  of  Radiology  in  recog- 
nition of  his  "outstanding  contributions  to  the  field." 
He  lives  in  Chester,  Va. 

Robert  B.  Keifer  '58,  group  vice  president  of 
supply  and  transportation  for  Ashland  Perroleum  Co., 
retired  in  October  after  26  years.  He  is  commissioner 
of  the  Ashland  City  School  Recreation  Council  and 
is  director  of  the  Ashland  Federal  Savings  and  Loan 
Association.  He  and  his  wife,  Jo,  live  in  Ashland,  Ky. 

Lynne  W.  Mauney  '58  was  honored  by  the 
Cleveland  County  chapter  of  the  American  Red 
Cross  with  a  Lifetime  Board  Member  Award  for  her 
30  years  of  volunteer  service.  She  was  also  elected  in 
July  to  the  N.C.  State  Council,  a  newly  established 
program  representing  N.C.  blood  program  services  in 
the  Southeast  to  the  ARC's  national  office. 


'  K.  "O.K."  Niess  '58  retired  from  Conoco 
in  1985.  He  and  his  wife,  Nancy,  live  in  Omaha,  Neb. 

Elizabeth  Gibbons  Pryor  '58,  who  earned  her 
Ph.D.  in  education  from  Kent  State  Univetsiry  in 
October,  is  district  resource  teacher  at  the  Revere 
Local  Schools  in  Bath,  Ohio.  She  was  recently 
appointed  associate  editor  of  The  Reading  Teacher,  a 
journal  of  the  International  Reading  Association.  She 
lives  in  Akron. 

Murrey  Atkins  '59,  a  senior  vice  president  at 
Interstate/Johnson  Lane,  has  been  named  manager  of 
the  firm's  uptown  office  in  Charlotte,  N.C. 

Yank  D.  Coble  Jr.  '59,  M.D.'62,  clinical  profes- 
sor of  medicine  at  the  University  of  Florida  and  an  in- 
ternist in  private  pracrice,  was  voted  president-elect 


of  the  American  Society  of  Internal  Medicine.  He  is 
also  past  president  of  the  Florida  Medical  Association 
and  the  Internal  Medicine  Center  to  Advance  Re- 
search and  Education. 


60s 


Robert  G.  Crummie  '60,  M.D.  '65  is  medical 
director  of  the  psychiatric  unit  at  Rutherford  General 
Hospital.  He  lives  in  Rutherfordton,  N.C. 

John  H.  Strange  '60,  a  professor  of  behavioral 
srudies  and  educational  technology  at  the  University 
of  South  Alabama,  was  named  1992  Alabama  Profes- 
sor of  the  Year  by  the  Council  for  Advancement  and 
Suppott  of  Education  (CASE). 

David  A.  Johnston  '62  represented  Duke  in 
November  at  the  inauguration  of  the  president  of  the 
University  of  Centtal  Florida  in  Orlando. 

John  H.  Doster  '63,  who  was  manager  of  opera- 
tions analysis  and  financial  planning  for  General 
Electric's  aircraft  engines  business,  is  the  new  vice 
president  and  chief  financial  officer  for  Battelle.  He 
and  his  wife,  Mary  Jane,  live  in  Columbus,  Ohio. 

Frances  S.  "Frannie"  Hitchcock  '63  has 

joined  the  Wellfleet  office  of  Compass  Real  Estate  as 
a  rental  agent  for  Cape  Cod  vacation  properties.  She 
lives  in  Wellfleet,  Mass. 

William  W.  Rankin  II   63,  AM   79, Ph.D.  '77 
was  named  president,  dean,  and  professor  of  Christian 
ethics  at  the  Episcopal  Divinity  School  in  Cambridge, 
Mass.,  effective  July  1993. 

John  D.  Leech  LL.B.  '64,  a  partner  with  the 
Cleveland  law  firm  Calfee,  Halter  &  Griswold,  was 
elected  to  a  three-year  term  to  the  national  board  of 
trustees  of  the  American  Hospital  Association.  He  is 
also  a  member  of  the  National  Health  Lawyers  Associ- 
ation and  a  trustee  and  member  of  the  executive  com- 
mittee of  the  Health  Trustee  Institute  of  Cleveland. 

Alan  E.  Rimer  B.S.C.E.  '64  joined  Blasland,  Bouck 
&  Lee,  an  engineering/scientific  consulting  firm,  as 
vice  president  of  its  Durham  office.  He  lives  in  Chapel 
Hill,  where  he  is  a  member  of  the  town  council. 

Mary  Ann  Wimsatt  Ph.D.  '64,  who  holds  the 
McClintock  Chair  of  Southern  Letters  at  the  Univer- 
sity of  South  Carolina  in  Columbia,  is  the  associate 
editor  of  The  History  of  Southern  Literature,  published 
by  LSU  Press  in  1985,  and  the  author  of  The  Major 
Fiction  of  William  Gilmore  Simms,  published  by  LSU 
Press  in  1989.  She  and  a  colleague  in  the  English 
department  are  among  six  pairs  of  USC  faculty  mem- 
bers selected  as  Lilly  Foundation  Teaching  Fellows  for 
1992-93  in  a  three-year  program  designed  to  "enhance 
the  quality  of  undergraduate  teaching." 

Jay  S.  Creswell  Jr.  '66  recently  returned  from  a 
nine-month  assignment  in  Watsaw  as  the  U.S.  gov- 
ernment's first  economic  adviser  to  the  Polish  govern- 
ment on  competition  policy.  In  October,  he  received 
the  Federal  Trade  Commission's  Paul  Rand  Dixon 
Award  for  outstanding  service.  He  is  a  senior  econo- 
mist in  the  FTC's  Bureau  of  Economics  and  lives  in 
Alexandria,  Va. 

Robert  E.  Dowda  B.D.  '66,  Ph.D.  '72,  president 
and  headmaster  ar  Tuscaloosa  Academy,  was  elected 
president  of  the  Birmingham-Southern  College 
National  Alumni  Association  fot  1992-93. 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


Richard  L.  Cox  B.D.  '67,  Th.M.  '69,  Ed.D  '82  was 
appointed  associate  vice  president  for  student  affairs 
and  dean  of  university  life  at  Duke. 

Kimberly  Leverton  Maher  '67  was  recently 
named  Fort  Lauderdale's  Woman  of  the  Year  for  her 
efforts  with  "Discovery  Center,"  a  hands-on  museum 
she  helped  to  develop  from  a  small  science  museum. 

Larry  Ethridge  '68,  an  attorney  with  the  Louis- 
ville, Ky.,  firm  Mosley,  Clare  &  Townes,  received  the 
Donald  Davison  Award  in  August  at  the  American  Bar 
Association's  annual  meeting.  He  was  selected  by  the 
ABA's  public  contract  law  section  for  "significant 
contributions  to  the  work  of  the  section  in  state  and 
local  procurement."  In  the  fall,  he  was  honored  with 
the  University  of  Kentucky's  Alumni  Service  Award 
for  past  service  as  president  of  its  law  alumni  associa- 


Greenberg  '68,  vice  president 
and  senior  trust  officer  of  Chemical  Bank  Florida  in 
Palm  Beach,  has  been  designated  a  Certified  Finan- 
cial Trust  Adviser  by  the  Institute  of  Certified 
Bankers,  a  nonprofit  organization  sponsored  by  the 
American  Bankers  Association. 


'69  was  inducted  in  October  as 
a  fellow  in  the  American  College  of  Trial  Lawyers  at 
the  annual  meeting  of  the  American  College  in  Lon- 
don. In  April,  he  received  the  Defense  Research  Insti- 
tute's Exceptional  Performance  Award.  He  is  Missouri's 
state  representative  to  the  Local  Defense  Organiza- 
tion Cc 


Katherine  M.  Mills  j.D.  '69  was  appointed  assis- 
tant general  counsel  for  Bethlehem  Steel  Corp.  She  is 
a  member  of  the  corporate  counsel  committee  and  of 
the  corporation,  banking,  business  law  section  of  the 
Amet ican  Bar  Association. 

William  G.  Varnell  A.M.  '69  was  named  president 
and  CEO  of  the  Visiting  Nurse  Associations  of  Amer- 
ica, the  nation's  largest  home  health  care  association. 

BIRTHS:  Second  son  to  Harry  D.  "Dave"  Kerr 

'64  and  Elaine  Drobny  on  Aug.  18.  Named  Jeffrey 
Edward  Kerr. 


70s 


K.  Glover  '70  was  named  senior  vice 
president  of  ESPN  Enterprises,  responsible  for  manag- 
ing and  developing  its  home  video,  licensing,  and 
pay-per-view  activities,  as  well  as  evaluating  business 
opportunities.  He  and  his  two  children  live  in  New 
Canaan,  Conn. 


John  R.  Sanders  '70  is  a  Navy  captain  serving  a 
six-month  deployment  in  the  Mediterranean  aboard 
the  aircraft  carrier  USS  Saratoga,  whose  home  port  is 
Mayport,  Fla. 


Ph.D.  '72,  professor  of  reli- 
gious studies  at  Lynchburg  College,  is  author  of  an 
article  on  "I  Esdras"  that  is  included  in  the  recently 
published  Anchor  Bible  Dictionary.  His  article 
explains  the  origins  and  meaning  of  this  hook  of  the 
Apocrypha. 

Jeffrey  Kurzweil  '72  joined  the  Washington, 
D.C.,  office  of  the  law  firm  Jenner  &  Block,  concen- 
trating in  federal  and  state  legislative  and  government 
relations. 

Walter  W.  Manley  II  J.D.  '72  represented  Duke 
in  November  at  the  inauguration  of  the  president  of 
Florida  State  University  in  Tallahassee. 

Howard  V.  Richardson  '72,  a  partner  in  the 
financial  services  industry  field  for  Price  Waterhouse, 
was  selected  as  one  of  seven  New  York  City  business 
executives  to  participate  as  a  1991-92  David  Rocke- 


IT'S  A  WRAP 


What's  bad 
news  in 
some  busi- 
ness markets  is  good 
news  for  others.  Case 
in  point:  Mebane  Pack- 
aging Corporation, 
which  manufactures 
boxes  for  pharmaceuti- 
cal remedies  such  as 
Nuprin  and  Excedrin. 
While  the  recession 
caused  many  compa- 
nies to  scale  back  bud- 
gets and  employee 
ranks,  Mebane  racked 
up  record  sales. 

For  CEO  James  H. 
Corrigan  Jr.  '47,  who 
guided  Mebane  Pack- 
aging to  its  position  as 
one  of  North  Carolina's 
largest  companies,  the 
nation's  headache- 
inducing  economy  is 
only  one  explanation 
for  the  jump  in  rev- 
enues. More  impor- 
tantly, he  says,  proxim- 
ity to  the  state's 
Research  Triangle 
Park  puts  the  company 
close  to  the  source  of 
the  expanding  drug 
industry. 

"Historically,  the  old 
focus  [of  pharmaceuti- 


cals)  was  in  the  North- 
east— New  Jersey  and 
Pennsylvania — and  the 
manufacturing  had 
gravitated  toward 
Puerto  Rico,"  Corrigan 
told  Business  North 
Carolina.  But  "the 
fastest  growing  area  is 


other  companies." 

A  good  example  of 
Corrigan's  company 
being  in  the  right  place 
at  the  right  time  was 
when  Burroughs  Well- 
come decided  to  take 
two  prescription  drugs, 
Sudafed  and  Actifed, 


The  boxer:  Corrigan  covers  the  market 


right  here  in  the 
Research  Triangle  area, 
being  led  by  Burroughs 
Wellcome,  Glaxo,  Bris- 
tol-Myers, Organon- 
Technica,  Edwards 
Week,  and  various 


and  make  them  avail- 
able over-the-counter. 
Mebane  Packaging  was 
already  involved  in  the 
production  of  the  cold 
and  allergy  medicines' 
cartons,  and  was 


tapped  to  transform  the 
drugs'  packaging  into 
consumer-appealing 
designs. 

Corrigan,  whose 
brother  Gene  Corrigan 
'52  is  the  commissioner 
of  the  Atlantic  Coast 
Conference,  joined  the 
then-struggling  Mebane 
company  in  1980.  Since 
then,  revenues  have 
grown  to  $80  million, 
nearly  a  fivefold  in- 
crease. In  1991, 
Mebane  Packaging 
debuted  on  the  Busi- 
ness  North  Carolina 
annual  list  of  the  state's 
top  100  companies  in 
99th  place.  Last  year,  it 
had  jumped  to  48th. 

To  hear  Corrigan  tell 
it,  the  formula  for  suc- 
cess is  simple.  "If  you 
make  a  good  product — 
a  really  high-quality 
product — to  the  point 
of  being  a  quality  leader 
in  the  niche  you're 
in,  and  if  you  deliver 
that  product  when  you 
say  you're  going  to 
deliver  it,  the  rest  of 
the  things  will  take 
care  of  themselves." 


feller  Fellow.  He  will  lend  his  expertise  to  the  New 
York  City  Partnership  to  deal  with  social  and  eco- 
nomic issues  confronting  the  city.  His  wife,  Nancy 

Hunneman  Richardson  '72,  recently  gradu- 
ated from  Columbia  University's  law  school,  where 
she  was  a  Fiske  Stone  Scholar  and  winner  of  the  Jane 
Marks  Murphy  Prize  for  community  development 
legal  initiatives.  The  couple  lives  in  Manhattan. 

Gale  N.  Touger  B.S.N.  '72  was  named  Nurse 
Practitioner  of  the  Year  by  the  N.C.  Nurses'  Associa- 
tion. She  is  senior  nurse  practitioner  at  SHS  Institute 
Inc.,  adjunct  instructor  at  UNC-Chapel  Hill,  and  co- 
chair  of  the  NCNA  Peer  Assistance  Program.  She 
and  her  two  children  live  in  Raleigh,  N.C. 

John  W.  Winkle  III  A.M.  '72,  Ph.D.  '74  is  the 
1992  Burlington  Northern  Faculty  Achievement 
Award  recipient  at  the  University  of  Mississippi. 


I  E.  Tifft  '73  signed  Willi  publisher  Little, 
Brown,  &  Co.  to  co-write  with  her  husband,  Alex  S. 
Jones,  a  biography  of  the  Ochs  Sulzberger  family, 
owners  of  The  New  York  Times.  She  is  a  member  of 
the  Duke  Magazine  Editorial  Advisory  Board. 

John  H.  Leavens  74  is  assistant  executive  direc- 
tor of  the  NCAA  in  Overland  Park,  Kan.  He  and  his 
wife,  Joan,  and  their  three  children  live  in  Kansas  City. 

Anthony  J.  Lynn  '74  was  appointed  president  of 
Playboy  Entettainment  Group  and  elected  executive 
vice  president  of  Playboy  Entetprises,  Inc.  He  was 
president  of  international  television  distribution  and 
worldwide  pay  television  for  MGM-Pathe  Communi- 
cations Co. 

Capers  McDonald  B.S.E.  '74  was  named  presi- 
dent and  CEO  of  Microbiological  Associates,  Inc.,  of 


Rockville,  Md.,  a  company  providing  biological  safety 
testing  services  to  pharmaceutical,  biotechnology,  and 
personal  care  companies.  He  was  president  of  Spec- 
troscopy Imaging  Systems  Corp.  in  Fremont,  Calif.  He 
and  his  wife,  Marion  Kiper  McDonald  '75,  have 


Joseph  Johnson  M.Div.  '75  was  elected  bishop 
in  the  African  Methodist  Episcopal  Zion  Church.  He 
is  assigned  to  confetences  in  several  southwestern 
states.  His  Episcopal  office  is  in  Little  Rock,  Ark. 

Claude  Carmichael  '76  works  for  Audubon 
Productions  and  produces  music  for  television,  film, 
and  albums. 

Timothy  J.  Fremuth  '76  is  the  manager  of  car 
hire  systems  for  Consolidated  Rail  Corp.  He  and  his 
wife,  Nancy  Kressler  Fremuth  B.S.N.  76, 
and  their  three  children  live  in  Malvern,  Pa. 

Mary  Klimmitt  Laxton  76  is  deputy  director  of 
the  Center  City  District  in  Philadelphia,  a  business- 
funded  organization  whose  goal  is  to  attract  potential 
residents  and  business  owners  to  the  city's  central 
business  district.  She  and  her  husband,  Stephen,  live 
in  Swarthmore. 

Stephen  linger  M.D.  76  presented  the  lecture 
"Larascopic  Treatment  of  Acute  Cholecystitis"  at  the 
annual  American  College  of  Surgeons  postgraduate 
course  on  larascopy  in  New  Orleans  in  October. 

Rhys  T.  Wilson  76  is  senior  vice  president  and 
general  counsel  to  Monarch  Capital  Group,  Inc.  He 
and  his  wife,  Carolyn  Saffold  Wilson  78,  and 

their  two  children  live  in  Atlanta. 


January-February    1993 


CROSSING  A  THRESHOLD 


Video  visionaries:  Caldwell  and  Bkuvelt 


When  Jeff 
Blauvelt  '77 
and  his  wife 
and  partner,  Melinda 
Caldwell  '79,  began 
their  fledgling  produc- 
tion company,  the  two- 
person  business  was 
run  from  their  Atlanta 
home.  Ten  years  later, 
Threshold  Productions 
occupies  a  12,000- 
square-foot  building, 
employs  eleven  full- 
time  employees,  and 
boasts  an  on-site  edit- 
ing division.  And  last 
year,  the  Atlanta 
Chamber  of 
Commerce  named 
company  president 
Blauvelt  the  1992 
Small-Business  Person 
of  the  Year. 


"In  a  sense,  this 
award  honors  all  the 
film  and  television  pro- 
duction companies 
that  have  grown  with 
Atlanta  and  made  it 
nationally  recognized 
as  a  film  and  produc- 
tion center,"  said  Blau- 
velt when  he  received 
the  chamber  of  com- 
merce honor.  But 
Threshold's  list  of  cred- 
its makes  it  clear  why 
Blauvelt  was  chosen 
over  other  contenders. 

The  company  shot  a 
video  press  kit  for  Box- 
ing Helena,  the  contro- 
versial movie  directed 
by  Jennifer  Lynch 
(daughter  of  David 
Lynch).  In  March,  PBS 
selected  Threshold's 


documentary  on  pho- 
tography, Ten  Thousand 
Eyes,  to  air  on  prime 
time.  And  Blauvelt  has 
won  four  Emmy  awards 
from  the  Atlanta  region 
of  the  National  Acad- 
emy of  Television  Arts 
&  Sciences. 

"One  of  our  turning 
points  was  the  relation- 
ship we  were  able  to 
establish  with  Nations- 
Bank and  Metro  Bank 
so  we  could  take  a  risk 
and  buy  the  top-of-the- 
line  equipment  we 
needed  to  handle  net- 
work-quality film  and 
television  productions," 
says  Blauvelt,  who 
financed  more  than 
$800,000  in  loans  for 
equipment. 


Other  Threshold 
clients  include  domestic 
and  international 
broadcasting  compa- 
nies, advertising  agen- 
cies, and  such  Fortune 
500  companies  as 
Coca-Cola,  BellSouth, 
and  Eastman  Kodak. 
Threshold  crews  have 
also  been  shooting 
Georgia  Tech  football 
scrimmages  as  part  of  a 
multimedia  sports 
training  program. 

At  Duke,  Blauvelt 
was  president  of  Free- 
water  Films  in  1975 
and  1976,  and  worked 
at  the  former  Duke 
Media  Center  through- 
out his  undergraduate 
career.  After  gradua- 
tion, he  worked  for 
Durham's  WTVD-TV 
before  moving  to 
Atlanta.  Caldwell 
worked  for  North  State 
Public  Video  in 
Durham,  and  then  for 
CNN  in  Adanta. 
Threshold  Productions 
was  launched  in  1982; 
the  company's  editing 
and  computer  graphics 
facility,  Peachtree 
Post,  opened  in  1990. 

Given  the  impressive 
growth  of  Threshold 
Productions,  Blauvelt 
offers  worthwhile 
advice  when  he  says 
the  most  important 
factor  for  nascent  small 
businesses  is  "prepara- 
tion to  take  advantage 
of  an  unexpected 
opportunity." 


Kiehne  Younger  76  is  the  author  of 
Tents,  Clouds,  and  Angels:  A  Christian  Kid's  Journal 
(C.S.S.  Publishing  Co.)  and  Making  Scripture  Stick:  52 
Unforgettable  Bible  Verse  Adventures  for  Children 
(Group  Books).  She  lives  in  Hillsborough,  N.C. 

Claire  Van  Matre  Daday  B.S.M.E.  77  is 
director  of  planning  and  marketing  at  St.  Barnabas 
Health  System.  She  and  her  husband,  Mark,  live  in 
Wexford,  Pa. 

Joseph  M.  D'Amico  '77  is  an  orthopaedic  sur- 
geon in  private  practice  in  Stamford,  Conn.  He  and 
his  wife,  Maryellen,  and  their  three  children  live  in 
Old  Greenwich,  Conn. 

Andrew  D.  Eichner  '77,  a  member  of  the  Chicago 
law  firm  Kalcheim,  Schatz  &  Berger,  was  recently 
elected  a  fellow  of  the  American  Academy  of  Matri- 
monial Lawyers. 

Michael  A.  Ellis  J.D.  '77  moderated  the  Depart- 
ment of  Commerce's  1992  Ohio  Securities  Confer- 
ence in  November.  A  principal  with  the  law  firm 
Kahn,  Kleinman,  Yanowitz  &  Arnson,  he  is  a  member 
of  the  Ohio  State  Bar  Association's  Corporate  Law 


Committee  and  trustee  of  the  Cleveland  Area  Devel- 
opment Finance  Committee.  He  and  his  wife,  Diane, 
and  their  three  children  live  in  Beachwood,  Ohio. 

Lisa  Katzenstein  Warshaw  '77  teaches  in 
the  undergraduate  and  M.B.A.  programs  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania's  Wharton  School  of  Business. 
Before  starting  a  career  in  academics  and  consulting, 
she  was  an  investment  banker  in  Sydney,  Australia. 

Joseph  "Jody"  Hanford  '78  is  staff  opportuni- 
ties coordinator  for  the  headquarters  of  Campus  Cru- 
sade for  Christ,  a  missionary  organization  with  more 
than  20,000  staff  members  around  the  world.  He  lives 
in  Orlando,  Fla. 

Laurie  Layman  Vikander  '78  is  an  attorney 
with  Dickstein,  Shapiro  &  Morin.  She  and  her  hus- 
band, Ray,  and  their  daughter  live  in  Arlington,  Va. 

Carolyn  Saffold  Wilson  '78  is  a  partner  with 
Parker,  Johnson,  Cook  &.  Dunlevie,  where  she  special- 
izes in  commercial  real  estate  and  banking  regulatory 
practices.  She  and  her  husband,  Rhys  T.  Wilson 

'76,  and  their  two  children  live  in  Atlanta. 


Cusic  M.H.A.  '79  is  senior  partner  in 
Daniel  &  Cusic  Advertising  and  Marketing,  which 
specializes  in  business-to-business  communications, 
market  research,  and  strategic  planning.  He  lives  in 
Charlotte,  N.C. 


Sharon  E.  Delaney  '79  is  an  adju 
professor  at  Montana  State  College  of  Nursing's  cam- 
pus in  Missoula.  She  specializes  in  family  and  child 
nursing. 

Joseph  P.  Morra  '79,  who  graduated  from 
Catholic  Univetsity's  law  school  in  May,  is  clerking 
for  the  Montgomery  County  Circuit  Court  judge  in 
Rockville,  Md.  He  will  be  joining  the  litigation  firm 
Carr,  Goodson  &  Lee  in  Washington,  D.C.  He  is  also 
continuing  his  musical  career,  recording  and  perform- 
ing regularly  in  D.C.  and  New  York  City  nightclubs. 

Marie  Koval  Nardone  M.S.  '79,  A.H.  Cert.  '79 
has  been  re-elected  as  president  of  Duke's  physical 
therapy  alumni  association  and  will  continue  to  serve 
as  representative  to  the  Duke  Alumni  Association's 
board  of  directors  for  another  two  years. 

Jeffrey  Nesbit  '79,  associate  commissioner  for 
public  affairs  for  the  U.S.  Food  and  Drug  Administra- 
tion, is  the  author  of  A  War  of  Words  and  The  Pulled 
Prodig7,  published  by  Victory  Books.  The  two  works 
are  the  latest  in  his  Capital  Crew  series  written  for 
8-  to  12-year-olds  and  addressing  issues  that  occur  in 
dysfunctional  families.  He  lives  in  Oakton,  Va. 

Lori  Resnick  Price  M.B.A.  '79  is  a  certified 
financial  planner  and  executive  director  of  financial 
planning  for  Lincoln  Financial  Group  in  Norwalk, 
Conn.  She  and  her  husband,  Daniel,  and  their  two 
children  live  in  Wilton,  Conn. 


MARRIAGES:  Claude  Carmichael  '76  to 

Dorene  Bolze  '83  on  Sept.  12.  Residence:  New 
York  City... Robert  E.  Ellett  Jr.  '77  to  Margaret 
A.  Sterling  on  Jan.  5,  1991.  Residence:  Rockville,  Md. 

BIRTHS:  A  daughter  to  Sarah  Hardesty  Bray 

'72  and  William  Bray  on  Oct.  31.  Named  Elizabeth... 
Daughter  and  third  child  to  Fredrick  L.  Klein 
'72  and  Jill  Klein  on  Sept.  4.  Named  Susan  Elaine. . . 
First  child  and  daughter  to  Mary  Kimmitt  Lax- 
ton  '76  and  Stephen  B.  Laxton  on  Aug.  23.  Named 
Johanna  Elizabeth. .  .Daughter  and  second  child  to 
Rhys  T.  Wilson  76  and  Carolyn  Saffold 
Wilson  '78  on  July  7.  Named  Emma  Rutledge. . . 
Third  child  and  second  daughter  to  Joseph  M. 
D'Amico  '77  and  Maryellen  L.  D'Amico  on  Aug  4. 
Named  Maura. .  .Twins  and  first  sons  to  Andrew 
Eichner  '77  and  Lynne  Baker  Eichner  on  Dec.  26, 
1991.  Named  Joseph  Maxwell  and  Samuel  Alexan- 
der...First  child  and  daughter  to  Randall  Frank 
Olson  '77  and  Lee  Ann  Frank  Olson  on  Oct.  12. 
Named  Meredith  Ruth. .  .Twins  to  Janet  Walberg 
Rankin  '77  and  Robert  Walter  Rankin  on  March 
13.  Named  Lena  Rae  and  Jackson  Lance. .  .Third  son 
to  Lisa  Katzenstein  Warshaw  '77  and 
Gregory  Warshaw.  Named  James. .  .Second  daughter 
and  third  child  to  Marie  Rownd  Zander  '77 
and  Alex  Zander  on  March  13.  Named  Anneke 
Katharina  Marie. .  .Fourth  child  and  third  son  to  W. 
David  Holden  '78  and  Dana  Sanderson  Holden 
on  Sept.  18.  Named  James  Edward. .  .Second  child 
and  first  son  to  Randall  T.  Smith  B.S.M.E.  78 
and  Sidney  S.  Hollar  on  June  16.  Named  Logan 
Thomas  Hollar  Smith. .  .Second  child  and  daughter  to 
Carolyn  Saffold  Wilson  78  and  Rhys  T. 
Wilson  76  on  July  7.  Named  Emma 
Rutledge. .  .Twin  daughters  to  Victoria  Becker 
Hoskins  79  and  Carlton  W.  Hoskins  on  Dec.  16, 
1991.  Named  Katherine  Helen  and  Elizabeth 
Anne. .  .First  daughter  and  second  child  to  Lori 
Resnick  Price  M.B.A.  79  and  Daniel  Price  on 
Aug.  5.  Named  Leah  Shira. .  .First  child  and  daughter 
to  Mitchell  Rein  79,  M.D.  '83  and  Amy  Rein  on 
Sept.  27.  Named  Katelyn  Sara. 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


80s 


Mary  Johnson  Ed.D.  '80,  dean  of  Meredith  Col- 
lege's graduate  school  and  director  of  its  teaching  rel- 
lows  program,  was  named  dean  of  continuing  education. 

Elaine  R.  Leavenworth  'SO  was  promoted  to 

director,  pediatric  nutritionals,  in  the  international 
division  at  Abbott  Laboratories.  She  and  her  hus- 
band, Russell,  live  in  Chicago. 

Mark  A.  Miller  "80  is  vice  president  for  National 
Media  Corp.,  the  worldwide  leader  in  the  production 
and  distribution  of  "infomercials."  He  and  his  wife, 
Carol,  and  their  two  daughters  live  in  Elkins  Park,  Pa. 

Barbara  Basuk  Ship  M.D.  '80  is  an  assistant 
professor  at  George  Washington  University's  medical 
center. 

Vikki  Andrews  '81,  a  transportation  adviser  for 
the  U.S.  Army,  was  recently  selected  as  a  U.S.  Army 
acquisition  manager.  She  and  her  husband,  Donald, 
live  in  Fayetteville,  N.C. 

Kent  "Casey"  Brokenshire  '81  received  the 
U.S.  State  Department's  Superior  Honor  Award  for 
protecting  American  lives  during  the  September  1991 
Haitian  coup  d'etat.  He  joined  the  Foreign  Service 
in  1989  and  is  now  serving  as  U.S.  Vice  Consul  in 
Lima,  Peru. 

Robert  D.  Buschman  '81  is  director  of  financial 
planning  for  Space  Master  Enterprises,  Inc.  His  wife, 
Peggy  L.  Amend  '83,  is  support  manager  for 
SecureWare,  Inc.  They  have  a  daughter  and  live  in 
Atlanta. 

W.  Hodges  Davis  '81,  who  graduated  fromTulane 
Medical  School  in  1985,  is  in  private  orthopaedic 


practice  with  the  Miller  Orthopaedic  Clinic  in  Char- 
lotte, N.C.  He  and  his  wife,  Rebecca,  and  their  son 
live  in  Charlotte. 

Wendy  Sawczyn  '81  sold  her  business  and 
retired  to  Frostburg,  Md.,  where  she  is  president  of 
Better  Education  Starts  Today,  Inc.,  an  organization 
"seeking  to  improve  public  education." 

Jacqueline  Hebert  Becker  B.S.N.  '82  is  an 
attorney  with  the  law  firm  Heller,  Ehrman,  White, 
and  McAuliffe.  She  and  her  husband,  Kurt,  live  in 
Seattle. 

Kevin  E.  Flynn  B.S.E. '82,  J.D. '92  is  an  associate 
at  the  intellectual  property  law  firm  Fish  &  Neave  in 
New  York  City.  He  lives  in  Murray  Hill,  N.J. 

Katherine  "Kitty"  Harmon  '82  is  in  South 
Africa  for  six  months  working  with  the  Congress  of 
South  African  Writers  and  launching  a  journal  of 
rural  South  African  women's  writings.  She  is  based  in 
Johannesburg. 

John  C.  Landa  Jr.  '82  is  a  principal  in  the  Hous- 
ton law  firm  Carrigan,  Lapin,  Landa,  and  Wilde, 
L.L.P.,  which  specializes  in  commercial,  medical  mal- 
practice, and  personal  injury  trial  law.  He  and  his 
partners  formed  the  firm  in  December  1991. 

John  W.  Mahan  '82,  who  completed  his  internal 
medicine  residency  at  the  University  of  Virginia, 
practices  internal  medicine  in  Great  Falls,  Mont. 

Leslie  Cornell  Martin  '82  teaches  psychology  at 
Caldwell  College  in  Caldwell,  N.J.  She  and  her  hus- 
band, Charlie,  and  their  two  children  live  in  West 
Caldwell. 

David  Siebenheller  '82  is  director  of  Manage- 
ment Information  Systems  for  Fleet  Call,  Inc.,  a 


nationwide  dealer  in  mobile  c 

his  wife,  Jill,  live  in  Colts  Neck,  N.J. 


L.  Amend  Si  is  support  manager  for  Secure- 
Ware,  Inc.  Her  husband,  Robert  D.  Buschman 

'81,  is  director  ot  financial  planning  lor  Space  Master 
Enterprises,  Inc.  They  have  one  daughter  and  live  in 
Atlanta. 

Erik  Bergman  'S3,  who  recently  entered  his  ninth 
year  of  flying  P-3  Orions  for  the  U.S.  Naval  Reserve, 
is  a  pilot  and  first  officer  for  American  Airlines.  He 
lives  in  Portland,  Maine,  with  his  wife,  Renee 
Lewis  '83,  who  is  president  of  the  Azimuth  Group, 
a  real  estate  consulting  firm  specializing  in  assisting 
banks  with  troubled  assets. 

Richard  E.  Faulkenberry  '83  is  a  mathematics 
professor  at  the  University  of  Massachusetts  Dart- 
mouth and  is  the  assistant  director  of  the  ATLAST 
Project  of  the  National  Science  Foundation's  Under- 
graduate Faculty  Enhancement  Program.  He  and  his 
wife,  Susan,  and  their  son  live  in  Fairhaven,  Mass. 

Andre  P.  Mazzoleni  B.S.E.  '83,  who  earned  his 
Ph.D.  in  engineering  mechanics  from  the  University 
of  Wisconsin-Madison,  is  an  assistant  professor  of 
engineering  at  Texas  Christian  University. 

Carl  Anderson  '84  was  named  Teacher  of  the 
Year  at  Bardstrom  Middle  School,  Bardstrom,  Ky.,  for 
the  1991-92  school  year.  He  is  now  teaching  language 
arts  and  social  studies  at  Wood  Oaks  Junior  High 
School  in  Northbrook,  111. 


W.  Cohen  '84  is  a  computer  s 
working  for  AT&T/Bell  Laboratories.  He  and  his 
wife,  Susan  Kundin  Cohen  '82,  and  their  soi 
live  in  North  Plainfield,  N.J. 


B  Summer  '93  Youth  Programs 
Blend  the  traditional  fun  of  a  summer  camp  with  the 
intellectual  stimulation  of  a  specialized  learning  program! 


Duke  Young  Writers'  Camp 


;  grades  6-12) 
Residential  and  day  campers 
Session  I:  June  14-June  28 
Session  II:  June  28-July  8 
Session  III:  July  12-July  22 

Now  in  its  eleventh  year,  Duke  Young  Writers'  Camp  offers  a  rich  variety 
of  courses  in  creative  and  expository  writing.  The  curriculum  focuses  on  the 
creative  and  analytical  aspects  of  writing,  and  is  designed  for  students  who 
have  average  or  above  average  academic  abilities  and  enthusiasm  for 
writing.  The  camp,  which  attracts  talented  young  people  from  across  the 
country  and  abroad,  offers  quality  instruction  with  small  class  sizes,  a 
supportive  environment,  and  the  opportunity  for  all  young  writers  to 
develop  confidence  in  their  writing.  Recent  courses  include:  The  Subtle  Art 
of  Persuasion,  Journalism  Plus,  That  Perfect  Scene,  Journal  Writing,  and 
Poetry  for  Everyone.  Residential  campers  live  in  West  Campus  dormitories 
and  participate  in  organized  afternoon  and  evening  recreational  activities. 


Duke  Action: 

A  Science  Camp  for  Young  Women 

(Young  women  entering  grades  6-8) 
Residential  and  day  campers 
One  session:  July  26-August  13 


A  unique  summer  enrichment  program,  Duke  Action  is  designed  for  young 
women  who  have  enthusiasm  about  learning  science  through  hands-on  educa- 
tional activities  and  average  to  above-average  academic  abilities.  The  program 
enhances  campers'  basic  science  skills,  develops  understanding  and  apprecia- 
tion of  environmental  issues,  increases  confidence  about  learning  science, 
promotes  interactions  with  professional  women  in  science,  and  encourages 
connections  with  other  areas  of  study  and  day-to-day  life.  Campers  investigate 
living  creatures  and  their  environments  in  the  Duke  Forest,  the  Duke  Primate 
Center,  and  other  Duke  and  Durham  sites.  The  session  ends  with  a  trip  to  coastal 
North  Carolina  to  explore  life  in  marine  environments  and  compare  ocean  and 
forest  habitats.  Residential  campers  live  in  West  Campus  dormitories. 


Residential,  intensive  creative  writing  workshop  for  rising  11th  &  12th  graders  •  July  25-31 


Phone:  919-684-6259     •     Fax:  919-681-8235 

Call  today  for  more  information,  or  fax  your  name  and  address  to  be  sent  a  brochure  in  January. 
Registration  begins  in  January.  Spaces  in  all  programs  are  limited  and  fill  very  quickly. 


}  anuai 


Robert  S.  Jacobs  '84  is  a  petroleum  geologist 
with  Bass  Enterprises  Production  Co.  in  Fort  Worth, 
Texas.  He  and  his  wife,  Amy,  are  planning  to  join  the 
rodeo  circuit  in  the  spring. 

Tiffany  Wilmot  LeBleu  '84  is  training  for  the 

Kiawah  Island  Marathon  with  her  husband,  Todd 
LeBleu  '85.  She  runs  her  own  environmental  con- 
sulting firm  and  he  is  completing  his  anesthesia  resi- 
dency at  Duke  Medical  Center.  They  live  in  Durham. 

David  B.  Manser  '84,  a  Navy  lieutenant,  was 
deployed  to  the  Mediterranean  with  Commander, 
Carrier  Group  Two,  Norfolk,  Va.,  aboard  the  aircraft 
carrier  USS  John  F.  Kennedy. 

Arthur  G.  Middlebrooks  '84  was  promoted  to 
senior  associate  for  Kucmarski  &  Associates,  a  Chicago- 
based  consulting  firm  specializing  in  new  product 
management,  marketing  strategy,  and  growth  plan- 
ning. He  lives  in  Clarendon  Hills,  111. 

Brett  Wilson  '84,  M.D.  '88  was  recently  elected  to 
fellowship  in  the  American  Academy  of  Pediattics. 
He  lives  in  Gary,  N.C. 

Jeffrey  S.  Yonker  M.B.A.  '84  is  an  associate 
comptroller.  Eastern  Europe,  for  Procter  and  Gamble. 
He  and  his  family  live  in  Konigstein,  Germany. 

Brian  H.  Bornstein  '85  is  assistant  professor  of 
psychology  at  Louisiana  State  University  in  Baton 
Rouge.  He  earned  his  Ph.D.  from  the  University  of 
Pennsylvania  in  1991. 

Stephanie  M.  Childs  '85,  who  earned  an 
M.B.A.  from  Harvard  Business  School  in  1990,  is  an 
associate  with  McKinsey  and  Company,  a  manage- 
ment consulting  firm.  She  and  her  husband,  Robert 
Struble,  live  in  Cleveland. 

Mike  Egan  M.H.A.  '85,  assistant  director  of  mar- 
keting for  The  Christ  Hospital,  Cincinnati,  partici- 
pated in  the  New  York  Marathon  on  behalf  of  the 
Southern  Ohio  Chapter  of  the  Leukemia  Society  of 
America. 

Randolph  Scott  Elf  '85  is  a  third-year  law  stu- 
dent at  the  Syracuse  University  College  of  Law, 
where  he  is  president  of  the  class  of  1993  and  co- 
founder  of  a  chaptet  of  the  Federalist  Society.  After 
graduating,  he  will  serve  a  two-year  clerkship  with  a 
senior  judge  of  the  U.S.  District  Court  for  the  South- 
em  District  of  Alabama  in  Mobile. 

Robin  Epstein  '85  is  working  as  an  investigative 
reporter  for  the  newspaper  In  These  Times  in  Chicago, 
where  she  and  her  husband,  Carl  Anderson  '84,  live. 


Dana  A.  McKim  M.Div.  '85  is  founding  pastor  of 
Christ  United  Methodist  Church  in  Hickory,  N.C. 

Julia  Whitaker  Peterson  '85,  who  earned  her 
master's  in  health  services  administration  from  the  Uni- 
versity of  Michigan  in  Ann  Arbor  in  1989,  is  assistant 
manager  for  ambulatory  care  in  the  department  of 
medicine  at  the  University  of  Chicago  Hospitals.  She 
and  her  husband,  Bradley,  live  in  Oak  Park,  111. 

R.  Steven  White  '85  is  pursuing  his  Ph.D.  at 
M.I.T.'s  Sloan  School  of  Management,  whete  he  is 
concentrating  in  Management  of  Technological 
Innovation.  Aftet  earning  his  master's  in  Japan  in 
1988,  he  worked  for  Sumitomo  Corp.  in  Tokyo  for 
three  years.  He  and  his  wife,  Hitomi,  and  their  daugh- 
ter live  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 

Johnny  Dawkins  '86  is  a  professional  basketball 
player  with  the  Philadelphia  76ers.  He  and  his  wife, 
Tracey,  and  their  two  children  live  in  Pennsylvania. 


Vincent  DiMaiolo  Jr.  '86  is  an  assistant  counsel 
with  UJB  Financial  Corp.  He  lives  in  Somerville,  N.J. 

Peter  J.  Juran  J.D.  -'86,  A.M.  '86  became  a  share- 
holder in  the  Winston-Salem-based  law  firm  House 
&  Blanco,  P.A.,  where  he  concentrates  in  litigation. 


Elizabeth  Anderson  Prouty  '86  opened  a 
bookstore  with  her  husband,  Richard  Due,  in  Hunt- 
ington, Md. 

Cynthia  Krueger  Wiley  '86  works  for  Micro- 
computer Power  Inc.  in  product  marketing.  She  and 
her  husband,  John,  live  in  Houston,  Texas. 

Sara  Burdick  '87,  after  working  for  five  years  as  a 
copy  editor  for  several  magazines,  joined  the  English 
department  at  the  Darlington  School  in  Rome,  Ga., 
where  she  will  also  head  the  forensics  program. 


represented  the  United  States  in 
Barcelona  at  the  1992  Olympics  as  a  member  of  the 
rowing  team. 

Mark  D.  Noonan  '87  is  a  corporate  account  ditector 
with  Advantage  International  in  Washington,  D.C., 
where  he  and  his  wife,  Katie  Feffer  '89,  live. 

Scott  R.  Royster  '87,  who  graduated  from  Har- 
vard Business  School  in  May,  is  co-founder  and  presi- 
dent of  Tribeca  Designs,  Inc.,  a  manufacturer  and 
marketer  of  lifestyle  furnitut e  accessories.  He  is  also 
an  associate  at  Capital  Resource  Partners,  a  private 
capital  principal  investment  firm  in  Boston.  He  lives 
in  Cambridge. 


'87  is  a  geologist  for  Chevron, 
where  she  is  involved  in  developing  new  techniques 
to  increase  production  at  Louisiana's  Bay  Marchand 
offshore  oil  reserves. 


M.B.A.  '87  is  a  vice  presi- 
dent with  Prudential  Capital  Corp.  His  wife,  Bar- 
bara Borska  Snyder  '88,  is  a  psychologist  in 
private  practice  in  Kingston,  N.J.  They  have  a  son 
and  live  in  West  Windsor,  N.J. 


Theresa  Terry  Talley ' 


.  M.B.A. 


investment  banking  associate  with  Salomon  Brothers. 
She  lives  in  Manhattan. 


Michael  Chesney  '88  is  an  associate  with  the 
law  firm  Thompson,  Hine  and  Flory  in  Cleveland, 
Ohio.  He  graduated  summa  cum  laude  from  the  Uni- 
versity of  Notre  Dame  Law  School.  His  recent  article 
in  the  Notre  Dame  Law  Review  was  cited  by  the  U.S. 
Supreme  Court  in  the  case  of  Georgia  v.  McCoIIum. 

Denee  Giffin  Ferguson  '88,  a  Navy  lieutenant, 

was  promoted  from  training  coordinator  in  the  chem- 
istry, materials  science,  and  radiological  controls  divi- 
sion to  track  supervisor  in  the  physics  division  at  the 
Naval  Nuclear  Power  School  in  Orlando,  Fla.  She 
and  her  husband,  Patrick,  a  nuclear-trained 
lieutenant,  will  leave  the  Navy  next  September. 

Robert  J.  Kroll  '88,  who  graduated  cum  laude 
from  the  Harvard  Law  School  in  1991,  is  a  corporate 
and  securities  attorney  in  the  Houston  law  firm  of 
Liddell,  Sapp,  Zivley,  Hill  6k  LaBoon,  L.L.P. 

Jennifer  Marie  McHugh  '88  earned  her  J.D. 
degree  from  the  Dickinson  School  of  Law  in  June. 

John  W.  Reis  '88  passed  the  Florida  bar  exam  and 
is  an  associate  with  the  law  firm  Caruana,  Gordon  & 
Langan  in  Miami. 

Barbara  Borska  Snyder  '88,  who  earned  a 

M.S.  degree  in  psychology  from  Hahnemann  Univer- 
sity, has  a  private  ptactice  in  Kingston,  N.J.  Her  hus- 
band, Michael  A.  Snyder  M.B.A  '87,  is  a  vice 
president  with  Prudential  Capital  Corp.  They  have  a 
son  and  live  in  West  Windsor,  N.J. 


P.  Whichard  '88,  a  Navy  lieutenant, 
was  deployed  to  the  Baltic  Sea  aboard  the  destroyer 
USS  O'Bannon,  whose  home  port  is  Charleston,  S.C. 

Jose  A.  Isasi  II  '89  earned  his  J.D.  from  George- 
town Law  Center  in  May,  passed  the  Illinois  bar  exam, 
and  works  as  a  litigation  associate  for  the  Chicago  law 
firm  Rooks,  Pitts,  and  Poust. 


James  C.  Karegeannes  M.D.  '89,  a  Navy 
lieutenant  aboard  the  submatine  USS  Hunley  in 
Miami,  recently  participated  in  the  Hurricane 
Andrew  relief  effort.  His  home  port  is  Norfolk,  Va. 

Amy  K.  Nobles  '89,  who  earned  her  master's  in 
foreign  affairs  at  the  University  of  Virginia,  is  a  busi- 
ness analyst  with  Simon  6k  Schuster,  in  New  York 
City.  She  lives  in  Basking  Ridge,  N.J. 

M.  Katie  Leiva  Shriver  '89,  A.M.  '91,  who  was 

assistant  director  of  residential  and  judicial  affairs  at 
Vanderbilt  University,  moved  to  San  Diego.  Her 
husband,  John  "Jack"  Shriver  B.S.E.  '90,  is  a 
Navy  lieutenant  j.g.  on  the  submarine  L'SS  Gunard. 

Carl  A.  Westman  '89  is  an  actuarial  associate 
with  Aetna  Life  and  Casualty  in  Middletown,  Conn. 
He  and  his  wife,  Heather,  live  in  Newington,  Conn. 

Jennifer  Wiegleb  '89  is  pursuing  a  joint  J.D. - 

M.A.  in  East  Asian  studies  at  Washington  University 
in  St.  Louis. 

Ellen  Livingston  Wilkinson  '89  earned  her 

law  degree  from  the  University  of  Virginia  and  works 
for  the  law  firm  Sidley  and  Austin  in  New  York  City. 

MARRIAGES:  Grace  C.  Ju  '80  to  D.  Garth 
Miller  on  July  6,  1991.  Residence:  Wenham, 

Mass.... Jacqueline  Suzanne  Hebert  B.S.N. 

'82  to  Kurt  Becker  on  Aug.  8.  Residence:  Seattle... 
Marshall  David  Orson  '82  to  Katie  K.  Bonta  on 
Aptil  17.  Residence:  Atlanta... Dorene  Bolze  '83 
to  Claude  Carmichael  '76  on  Sept.  12. ..Carl 
Anderson  '84  to  Robin  Epstein  '85  on  June  8, 
1991.  Residence:  Chicago... Heather  Lynn  Dun- 
can B.S.E.  '84  to  John  C.  Alger  on  June  20.  Resi- 
dence: Chicago... Stephanie  M.  Childs  '85  to 
Robert  J.  Struble  in  August.  Residence:  Cleveland... 
Robin  Epstein  '85  to  Carl  Anderson  '84  on 
June  8, 1991... R.  Steven  White  '85  to  Hitomi 
White  on  April  22,  1991,  in  Tokyo.  Residence:  Cam- 
bridge, Mass... Cynthia  K.  Krueger  '86  to  John 
F.  Wiley  on  Dec.  28,  1991.  Residence:  Houston- 
Elizabeth  Anderson  Prouty  '86  to  Richard  C. 
Due  on  Oct.  12,  1991.  Residence:  Huntington,  Md.... 

Robin  Annette  Ringley  '87  to  Sam  Ganesan  on 
July  20,  1991.  Residence:  Worcester,  Mass.. ..Sara 
Sumner  '87  to  Greg  Davidson  on  Oct.  3.  Resi- 
dence: Spring,  Texas... Sonja  N.  Hospel  '88  to 
Lawrence  P.  Trombino  '88  on  June  13.  Resi- 
dence: Glen  Ellyn,  111. .  ..Jacqueline  Kay  Linn 
'88  to  Jeffrey  A.  Earner  on  Sept.  20,1991.  Residence: 
Walpole,  Mass....Sheree  Faith  Cooper  '89  to 

Peter  Levy  on  Dec.  27.  Residence:  Cedarhurst,  Long 
Island,  NY...  Brooke  Fried  '89  to  David  Kushner 
on  Nov.  8.  Residence:  Miami. ..M.  Katie  Leiva 
'89  to  John  "Jack"  Shriver  B.S.E.  '90  on  Nov. 
21.  Residence:  San  Diego... Catherine  Eleanor 
Morgan  '89  to  David  H.  Stockwell  '89  on 
May  23.  Residence:  New  York  City... Carl  A. 
Westman  '89  to  Heather  S.  Scott  on  June  20.  Resi- 
dence: Newington,  Conn.... Ellen  Livingston 
Wilkinson  '89  to  Frank  Edward  Proctor  on  Aug. 
29.  Residence:  New  York  City. 

BIRTHS:  Second  child  and  first  son  to  Nancy 
Boothe  Dayton  B.S.E.  '80  and  Jonathan  K.  Day- 
ton on  May  30.  Named  Matthew  Samuel... First  child 
and  daughter  to  Robert  D.  Buschman  '81  and 
Peggy  L.  Amend  '83  on  Oct.  2.  Named 
Christina. .  .Third  child  and  second  daughter  to 
Laurie  Polhemus  Grant  '81  and  James 
Gerard  Grant  '81  on  June  14.  Named  Mallory 
Rose. .  .First  son  to  Leslie  Cornell  Martin  SI 
and  Charlie  Martin  on  Aug.  3.  Named  Sean  Charles 
Martin... Twin  boys  to  Carl  David  Powers  '81 
and  Deborah  Mikush  Powers  '81  on  Dec.  14, 
1991.  Named  Carl  and  David... First  child  and  daugh- 
ter to  Genevieve  Ruderman  Besser  '82  and 
Jochen  Besser  on  Sept.  25,  1991.  Named  Jacqueline 
Besser. .  .First  child  and  son  1 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


Cohen  82  and  William  W.  Cohen  84  on  June 
30.  Named  Charles  Kundin... Second  daughter  to 
Robert  M.  Nash  '82  and  Laurie  Nash  on  May  12. 
Named  Ariel  Paige. .  .First  child  and  daughter  to 
Peggy  L.  Amend  '83  and  Robert  D. 
Buschman  '81  on  Oct.  2.  Named  Christina- 
Second  child  and  son  to  Daniel  J.  Anthony 
Wagner  '83  and  Nancy  G.  Wagner  on  Aug.  23. 
Named  Matthew  Robert. .  .First  child  and  daughter  to 
John  W.  Futterer  M.Div.  '84  and  Anne  M.  Bit- 
terer on  Aug.  22.  Named  Anne  Carlon... First  child 
to  Deborah  Stone  Grossman  '84,  J. D.  '89  and 
Daniel  J.  Grossman  J.D.  '89  on  Oct.  2.  Named 
Matthew  Stone... Second  child  and  second  son  to 
Susan  Gwin  Ruch  '84,  J.D.  '87  and  David 
Simms  Ruch  '84  on  June  19... First  child  to 
Doris  Von  Graevenitz-Bergum  '85  and  Stan 
Bergum  on  April  21.  Named  Nikolas  Alexander 
Bergum... First  child  and  daughter  to  Mark  W. 
James  MBA.  '85  and  Constance  A.  Maier 
M.B.A.  '85  on  March  24-  Named  Jessica  Morgan 
James... First  child  and  daughter  to  R.  Steven 
White  '85  and  Hitomi  White  on  Sept.  29.  Named 
Mio  Fairie  White... Second  child  and  first  son  to 
Johnny  E.  Dawkins  Jr.  '86  and  Tracey 
Dawkinson  Sept.  22.  Named  Sean  Alexander... First 
child  and  daughter  to  Kyle  Schweiker  Hard 
'87  and  Jim  Hard  on  Sept.  8.  Named  Kelly  Claire... 
First  child  to  Barbara  Borska  Snyder  '88  and 
Michael  A.  Snyder  M.B.A.  '87  on  July  26. 
Named  Erik  Harrison... Son  to  Ivy  Fradin 
Greenberg  '89  and  Steven  Greenberg  on  Aug.  8. 
Named  Alec  Kyler. 


90s 


Garrett  C.  Brooks  '90,  a  Navy  lieutenant  j.g., 
returned  from  an  exercise  in  the  Gulf  of  Alaska 
aboard  the  destroyer  USS  Fletcher,  whose  home  port  is 
Pearl  Harbor,  Hawaii. 

Brian  David  '90  is  working  in  the  Tokyo  office  of 
Goldman  Sachs. 


Hope  Ditz  '90  is  working  for  Women  i 
Transition,  a  domestic  violence  counseling  agency. 
She  lives  in  Merion  Station,  Pa. 


M.  Grigg  '90,  a  Navy  ensign,  completed 
Officer  Indoctrination  School  in  Newport,  R.I. 


90  was  recently  promoted  to 
Navy  lieutenant  j.g.  while  serving  aboard  the  guided 
missile  frigate  USS  Thach,  deployed  to  Yokosuka, 
Japan. 

David  R.  Mikesell  '90,  a  Navy  lieutenant,  took 
part  in  a  major  fleet  exercise  aboard  the  guided  missile 
cruiser  USS  Cowpens,  whose  home  port  is  San  Diego. 

Laurie  J.  Rogers  A.M.  '90  is  the  assistant  direc- 
tor of  development  for  the  Valentine  Museum  of  Life 
and  History  in  Richmond,  Va.,  where  she  will  direct 
its  annual  fund. 

John  "Jack"  Shriver  B.S.E.  '90  is  a  Navy  lieu- 
tenant j.g.  serving  on  the  submarine  USS  Gurnard.  He 
and  his  wife,  M.  Katie  Leiva  Shriver  '89,  live 
in  San  Diego. 

Richard  Andrew  Strand  BSE  '90  is  an  Air 

Force  first  lieutenant  in  Belleville,  111.  His  wife, 
Cecelia  Voigt  Strand  '90,  is  a  CPA  with 
Arthur  Anderson  in  St.  Louis. 

April  Barnhardt  '91  is  an  advertising  account 
executive  with  The  Village  Advocate  in  Chapel  Hill. 

Clay  Buckley  '91  is  an  account  executive  with 
Messner,  Vetere,  Berger,  McNamee  and  Schetterer  in 
New  York  City. 


SPEAKING  OUT 


If  you  took  a  quick 
look  through  maga- 
zines designed  for 
young  women,  you 
might  think  their  main 
concerns  are  fashion 
and  boys.  After  all, 
with  advertisements 
touting  clothing  and 
make-up,  and  articles 
on  how  to  kiss,  most 
mainstream  publica- 
tions steer  clear  of 
tough  topics. 

But  a  new  quarterly, 
Teen  Voices,  offers  an 
open  forum  for  teens 
and  young  women  to 
share  common  con- 
cerns. And  judging 
from  the  response, 
those  issues  tend  to  be 
formidable  rather  than 
frivolous. 

As  a  designer,  writer, 
and  associate  editor  of 
Teen  Voices,  Alison 
Amoroso  '87  says  she 
is  often  struck  by  the 
negative  sense  of  self- 
worth  common  among 
that  age  group. 

"The  feeling  that 
many  young  women 
share  is  one  of  isolation, 
that  they're  the  only 
ones  who  feel  a  certain 
way,"  says  Amoroso. 
"Adolescence  is  a  very 
self-conscious  time, 
when  you  look  out  to 
the  rest  of  the  world 
and  compare  yourself 
to  other  people.  The 


images  these  girls  see, 
for  the  most  part,  are 
people  who  are  not  like 
them.  In  Teen  Voices, 
we  show  girls  from 
different  backgrounds 
and  cultures." 

In  addition  to  reader 
submissions  of  poetry 
and  creative  writing, 
Teen  Voices  features 
articles  on  topics  rang- 
ing from  racial  har- 
mony to  whether  sex 
education  should  be 
taught  in  school.  One 
young  woman  writes 
about  how  she  was 
raped  as  a  child,  and 
describes  her  struggle 
as  she  matured  to  ac- 
cept that  it  had  really 
happened.  An  interview 
with  a  single  mother 
explores  ways  her  life 
has  changed,  from 
putting  off  college  to 


finding  affordable  child 
care  to  forming  expec- 
tations about  the  future. 

Distributed  through 
welfare  departments, 
drug  prevention  and 
treatment  programs, 
libraries,  teen  centers, 
and  by  subscription, 
Teen  Voices  provides 
additional  resource 
information  for  readers 
who  want  to  find  out 
more  about  a  specific 
topic.  Amoroso  says 
Teen  Voices  has  been  so 
successful  because, 
unlike  adult-written 
publications,  it  doesn't 
talk  down  to  its  read- 
ers. (Teen  Voices  is  the 
communications  vehi- 
cle for  Boston-based 
Women  Express,  Inc., 
which  also  sponsors 
workshops,  lectures, 
internships,  and  a  men- 


torship  network.) 

Amoroso  says  she 
has  been  politically 
active  from  an  early 
age.  Growing  up  in  a 
poor  county  in  South- 
ern Maryland,  she 
once  worked  as  a  wait- 
ress at  a  restaurant 
"where  they  wouldn't 
let  blacks  work  the 
floor;  they  could  only 
work  in  the  kitchen. 
And  this  was  in  1 983 ! " 

A  psychology  major 
at  Duke,  Amoroso  has 
worked  with  sexual 
abuse  survivors,  in 
prison  systems,  and 
with  special-needs  chil- 
dren. She  holds  a  mas- 
ter's in  counseling 
from  Harvard. 

With  830,000  in 
start-up  money  from 
some  of  her  Duke 
classmates,  Amoroso 
started  Women 
Express,  Inc.  and  Teen 
Voices  in  1988.  "One  of 
my  goals  was  to  edu- 
cate without  lecturing 
to  teens,"  she  says. 
"But  I  also  wanted  to 
show  them  that  there 
were  women  out  there 
who  cared  about  them." 

For  information,  con- 
tact Women  Express, 
Inc.,  P.O.  Box  6009, 
JFK  Post  Office, 
Boston,  Mass.  02114. 


Gregory  H.  Carter  '91  is  a  Navy  ensign  aboard 
the  USS  Fort  Fisher,  whose  home  port  is  San  Diego. 

David  Hougen-Eitzman  Ph.D.  '91  is  a  visiting 
lecturer  in  biology  at  Carleton  College  in  Northfield, 
Minn.,  and  a  research  associate  in  the  entomology 
department  at  the  University  of  California,  Davis. 

Kevan  E.  Mann  '91,  a  Navy  ensign,  recently 
completed  Officer  Indoctrination  School. 


'91,  who  owns  an  art  gallery  in 
Palm  Beach,  opened  a  second  gallery  in  Miami  Beach, 
Fla. 


R.  Yochelson  '91,  a  Navy  ensign, 
recently  completed  Officer  Indoctrination  School. 

Randy  Jones  '92,  former  Duke  running  back,  is  a 
member  of  the  U.S.  Olympic  bobsled  team.  The  four- 
man  team  won  the  opening  World  Cup  meet  in  Cal- 
gary, Canada,  and  won  a  second  straight  World  Cup 
victory  in  Winterberg,  Germany.  His  two-man  team 
finished  second  in  the  World  Cup. 

Gregg  Schmalz  '92  is  an  assistant  account  execu 
tive  with  Rudder-Finn.  He  lives  in  Westfield,  N.J. 

Will  Spivey  M.B.A.  '92  is  an  assistant  account 
executive  for  Compel  Marketing  Inc.  in  Greensboro, 
N.C.  He  lives  in  Winston-Salem. 

Jack  Williams  '92  is  an  associate  engineer  with 
SRA  Corp.  in  Fairfax,  Va. 


MARRIAGES:  Alison  Conover  '90  to  Chris 
Carlsmith  on  Aug.  1.  Residence:  Richmond,  Va.... 
Holly  Anne  Edwards  '90  to  William  Lewis 
O'Quinn  Jr.  '90  on  June  20.  Residence:  Chapel 
Hill... Jennifer  Beebe  Pilcher  '90  to  Steven 
Jay  Schneier  '90  on  July  11.  Residence:  Falls 
Church,  Va.... Stuart  Sheifer  '90  to  Karin 
Twilde  '90  on  Dec.  20.  Residence:  Durham. . . 
John  "Jack"  Shriver  BSE  '90  to  M.  Katie 
Leiva  '89  on  Nov.  21.  Residence:  San  Diego... 
Richard  Andrew  Strand  BSE  '90  to  Cecelia 
Curran  Voigt  '90  on  May  30.  Residence:  Belle- 
ville, 111. 


DEATHS 


Paul  W.  Townsend  '20  ofNewland,  N.C,  on 
Aug.  6.  A  World  War  II  Navy  chaplain  with  the  rank 
of  captain,  he  was  a  fotmer  minister  and  high  school 
principal.  He  is  survived  by  two  daughters,  two  grand- 
children, and  two  great-grandchildren. 

Thomas  Heal  Graham  '21  of  Durham  on  Sept. 

13.  He  was  a  retired  employee  of  American  Brands. 
He  is  survived  by  two  brothers,  Lyd well  H.  Gra- 
ham 18  and  Leonard  S.  Graham  '25,  and 
several  nieces  and  nephews. 

R.  Lee  Davis  Jr.  '23  of  Nashville,  Tenn.,  on  Jan. 

14,  1992. 


January-February    1993 


LIFE  AFTER  ANDREW 


aria  Angela 
Martinez  is 
i  fifty-seven 
years  old  and  she  has 
to  start  life  over  again. 
When  Hurricane 
Andrew  swept  through 
the  South  Dade  labor 
camp  where  she  has 
lived  and  worked  for 
seven  years,  her  home 
and  possessions  were 
ravaged.  But  while 
most  people  in  Dade 
County,  Florida,  have 
begun  the  process  of 
piecing  together  their 


shattered  lives,  Mar- 
tinez has  little  to  save. 

Officials  in  South 
Florida  have  com- 
mented on  the  bleak 
irony  that  Hurricane 
Andrew  seemed  to 
target  some  of  the 
area's  poorest  resi- 
dents. Some  advocacy 
organizations,  like  the 
South  Dade  Immigra- 
tion Association 
(SDIA),  have  made  it 
their  business  to  help 
laborers  get  back  on 
their  feet  Originally 
developed  to  aid  farm 
workers  with  immigra- 
tion documentation, 
SDIA,  like  many  other 
social  service  organiza- 
tions in  the  Homestead 
area,  was  transformed 
overnight  into  a  hurri- 
cane relief  and  infor- 
mation center. 

Since  its  inception 
in  1987,  SDIA  has 
helped  an  < 


Sorting  it  out:  Escobar, 
left,  gathers  supplies  for 
Dade  County  hurricane 


20,000  migrants  with 
everything  from  liter- 
acy classes  to  work- 
shops on  discrimina- 
tion. Founded  by  Tim 
Walter '86,  SDIA  has 
been  home  to  many 
Duke  students  who 
spend  their  summers 
serving  the  farm  com- 
munity through  the 
public  policy  institute's 
"Interns  in  Conscience" 
program.  In  the  days 
after  the  hurricane, 
current  SDIA  director 
Lisa  Le vine  '86  and 
outreach  coordinator 
Maria  Escobar  '89  drove 
through  the  streets 
with  megaphones  to 
relay  information. 

While  SDIA  staff 
members  have  contin- 


ued to  put  in 
ten-  and 
twelve-hour 
work  days  to 
meet  farm 
workers'  most 
urgent  needs, 
director  Levine 
says  she  is  not 
sure  if  the  orga- 
nization will  be 
able  to  survive 
financially. 
Much  of  the  funding 
the  organization  has 
been  get- 
ting will 
not  cover 
the 

unfore- 
seen cosl 
of  hurri- 
cane 
relief. 
"Having 
to  fund- 
raise  is 
exhausting,  time-con- 
suming, and  the  most 
frustrating  part  of  our 
jobs,"  she  says.  "We're 
trying  to  be  out  in  the 
community,  helping 
people.  And  instead, 
we  have  to  try  to  raise 
enough  money  to  keep 
our  doors  open." 

Four  weeks  after  the 
storm,  Maria  Angela 
Martinez  was  still  living 
in  the  shell  that  used  to 
be  her  house.  She  and 
her  daughter  shared 


the  one  large  bed  with 
three  children.  Two 
other  children  slept  on 
the  kitchen  floor,  while 
a  cousin  used  a  reclin- 
ing chair  for  a  bed.  But 
Martinez,  who  fled 
Mexico  seven  years  ago, 
says  she  will  not  leave 
South  Florida.  She  says 
she  has  no  place  to  go. 
Asked  if  she  will  take 
this  opportunity  to  try 
work  of  another  sort, 
something  not  as  taxing 


,-^A 


on  the  body  and  soul, 
she  says  no,  this  is 
what  her  parents  did 
and  her  grandparents 
before  that.  "Yo  tengo 
fe,"  she  says,  and  then, 
in  halting  English,  she 
translates,  "I  have 
faith." 

— Miriam  Weintraub 

To  find  out  how  you  can 
help,  contact  the  SDIA 
at  (305)  247-4779. 


James  Edward  Roberts  '25  of  Orion,  111.,  on 
Jan.  13,  1992.  A  member  of  the  first  graduating  class 
of  Duke  University,  he  was  named  general  manager  of 
Sherrard  Power  System  in  Orion  in  1938  and  was 
employed  there  until  retiring  in  1986.  He  is  survived 
by  his  wife,  Marie,  a  daughter,  a  son,  four  grandchil- 
dren, and  two  great-grandchildren. 


Alton  R.  Barrett  '27  ofGreeville.N.C. 
Virginia  Green  Wicks  '27  of  Durham  on  Aug. 

11.  A  native  of  Fredericktown,  Mo.,  she  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  Baptist  Church. 


'28  of  Durham  on 
Oct.  22.  A  member  of  the  United  Methodist  Women 
and  a  charter  member  of  Contact  Ministries  of 


Durham,  she  received  the  Citizen  Teacher  Award  in 
1972,  the  Civitan  Citizenship  Award  in  1980,  and 
the  Durham  Sertoma  Club's  Service  to  Mankind 
Award  in  1991.  She  is  survived  by  one  sister,  three 
foster  daughters,  nine  grandchildren,  and  ten  great- 
grandchildren. 

George  E.  Pope  '28  of  Durham  on  Aug.  20.  He 
was  a  clerical  worker  tor  Erwin  Mills  and  an  accoun- 
tant for  Pope  Realty. 

Marvin  D.  Teague  '28  of  Charlotte,  N.C.,  on 
May  29, 1991. 

James  F.  Hackney  '30  of  Jacksonville,  Fla.,  on 
Feb.  14,  1991. 

Paul  E.  Price  '30  of  Winston-Salem,  N.C,  on 
Nov.  14,  1990. 

Either  Boothe  Vaughan  '30  of  Durham  on 

Oct.  29.  A  retired  school  teacher,  she  was  a  member 
of  Trinity  United  Methodist  Church.  She  is  survived 
by  a  daughter  and  three  sisters. 

Lena  Virginia  McGukin  Keiser  A.M.  '31  of 
Hickory,  N.C,  on  Aug.  3 1 .  A  former  Sunday  school 
teacher  and  church  council  member,  she  was  a  retired 
English  and  French  professor  from  Lenoir-Rhyne 
College.  She  is  survived  by  a  son  and  a  sister. 

Joseph  W.  Mann  Jr.  '31  of  Lexington,  N.C,  on 
Oct.  1.  The  retired  owner  of  Mann  Implement  Co., 
he  was  a  former  member  of  Lexington's  city  planning 
and  zoning  board  and  the  Kiwanis  Club.  He  is  sur- 
vived by  his  wife,  Mary,  three  daughters,  a  sister,  and 
three  grandchildren. 

Samuel  Marvin  Atkinson  B.D.  '32  of  Columbia, 
S.C,  on  Sept.  26,  of  a  heart  attack.  A  retired 
Methodist  minister,  he  was  on  the  board  of  trustees 
for  Wofford  College  in  Spartanburg,  S.C,  a  member 
of  the  Bishopville  Lions  Club,  past  president  of  the 
Bishopville  Rotary  Club,  the  first  president  of  the  Lee 
County  Mental  Health  Association,  former  director 
of  the  Lee  County  Heart  Fund,  and  a  Lee  County 
Citizen  of  the  Year.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Annie, 
son  Samuel  Atkinson  Jr.  M.D.  '61,  a  daughter, 
a  sister,  and  several  grandchildren. 

Ruby  McCullers  Carlton  '32  of  Burlington,  N.C. 

Margaret  "Peg"  Harrell  McLarty  '32  of 

Winston-Salem  on  Aug.  3 1 .  A  member  of  Kappa 
Delta  sorority  and  Phi  Beta  Kappa  while  at  Duke,  she 
taught  English  and  established  and  worked  with  the 
continuing  education  program  at  Brevard  College 
until  her  retirement  in  1979.  She  is  survived  by  three 

daughters;  a  brother,  George  Thomas  Harrell 

'32,  M.D.  '36,  Hon.  '83;  and  two  grandchildren. 

Frank  C.  Rozzelle  '32  of  Loudon,  Tenn.,  on  May 
15.  He  was  a  retired  Army  captain.  He  is  survived  by 
his  wife,  Margaret,  and  two  sons,  including  Frank 
C.  Rozzelle  Jr.  '64. 


Harlow  Williamson  Harvey  Jr.  A.M. 
Montross,  Va.,  on  April  3. 


33  of 


inn  Stentz  R.N.  '33  of  Monterey, 
Calif.,  on  Sept.  3.  She  is  survived  by  her  husband, 
Donald  Stentz  B.S.E.E.  '49,  a  daughter,  a  son, 
and  three  sisters. 

Green  Harp  Cleveland  '34  of  Greenville,  S.C, 
on  Sept.  6,  1991. 

Doris  G.  Lucas  '34  of  Salisbury,  N.C,  on  Aug. 
3 1 .  A  member  of  Kappa  Delta  sorority,  the  Junior 
League,  and  the  Spinster's  Club,  she  was  a  retired 
advertising  employee  of  The  Salisbury  Post.  She  is  sur- 
vived by  her  husband,  Homer,  a  son,  and  a  grandson. 

Robert  G.  Seaks  LL.B.  '34  of  Advance,  N.C,  on 
May  25.  A  Navy  commander  during  World  War  II,  he 
was  a  retired  lawyer  who  specialized  in  cases  before 
the  Federal  Communications  and  Interstate  Com- 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


merce  commissions.  Earlier  in  his  career,  he  was  spe- 
cial assistant  to  the  FCC  chairman  and  special  assis- 
tant to  the  U.S.  Attorney  General.  He  is  survived  hy 
a  son,  a  sister,  and  two  grandchildren. 

George  E.  Snyder  '34  of  York,  Pa.,  on  July  2. 


Thrift  Strutt  '34  of  Chirk  Wales,  United 
Kingdom,  on  Sept.  28,  in  the  crash  of  Pakistani  Flight 
268  in  Nepal.  She  earned  a  music  degree  in  organ 
from  the  American  Conservatory  in  Chicago,  and 
during  World  War  11,  she  played  the  organ  for  reli- 
gious services  held  for  British  sailors  on  a  British  navy 
ship  stationed  in  New  York  harbor.  Before  retiring  to 
Wales  with  her  hushand,  she  was  staff  trainer  for  Jar- 
rolds  Stores  in  England.  She  is  survived  hy  a  sister, 
Susie  W.  Thrift  '33,  M.Ed.  '50,  and  a  niece,  Nell 
Thrift  61 

Walter  Conrad  '35  of  Lompoc,  Calif.,  on  May  11. 

Nicholas  Lamont  '35  of  Carefree,  Ariz.,  on 
June  19. 

John  Donald  Pollitt  A.M.  '35  of  Huntington, 
W.Va.,onDec.31,1991. 


Robert  N.  Cook  LL.B.  '36  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio, 
on  April  3,  1991.  A  professor  emeritus  at  the  Univer- 
sity of  Cincinnati  College  of  Law,  he  was  the  origina- 
tor and  principal  developer  of  the  Comprehensive 
Land  Data  System  and  former  chairman  and  vice 
chairman  of  the  American  Bar  Association's  Com- 
mittee on  Improvement  of  Land  Records.  In  1970, 
President  Richard  M.  Nixon  LL.B.  '37  recog- 
nized his  "outstanding  leadership  in  the  campaign  to 
modernize  land  title  record  management."  He  is  sur- 
vived hy  his  wife,  Katherine,  one  son,  and  two  daugh- 


Kathlyn  Buice  Fosgate  '36  of  Winter  Park, 
Fla.,  on  June  28. 

Marion  Roe  Mc Adams  '36  of  Sebring,  Fla.,  on 
Aug  21.  A  retired  English  teacher,  she  was  a  member 
of  the  Readers  Cluh,  and  co-founder  of  the  Staff  and 
Book  Club.  She  is  survived  by  her  husband,  Malcolm, 
two  daughters,  and  several  grandchildren  and  great- 
grandchildren. 

Charles  R.  Warren  Jr.  '36,  LL.B.  '38  of  Danville, 
Va.,  on  Dec.  29,  1991.  A  Sunday  school  teacher  and 
past  president  of  the  Virginia  Bar  Association,  he 
practiced  as  a  criminal  lawyer  for  50  years.  He  is  sur- 
vived by  a  daughter,  a  stepson,  two  sisters,  and  two 
grandchildren. 

Clary  Peoples  Bowen  '37  of  Lumberton,  N.C, 
on  July  11, 1991. 

Isaac  W.  Bullock  '37  of  Creedmoor,  N.C,  on 
Aug.  30.  At  Duke  he  was  a  Phi  Beta  Kappa  inductee. 
He  was  a  former  mayor  of  Creedmoor  and  retired  as 
the  Granville  County  tax  auditor  and  supervisor.  An 
accomplished  photographer  and  calligrapher,  he  also 
participated  in  weight-lifting  trials  for  the  U.S. 
Olympic  team.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Catherine, 
a  daughter,  a  son,  and  two  grandchildren. 

Albert  L.  Herrick  '37  of  Sun  City  Center,  Fla., 
on  May  14.  At  Duke  he  played  on  the  varsity  basket- 
ball team.  He  served  as  the  first  judge  of  the  Munici- 
pal Court  in  Lebanon,  Ohio,  until  retiring  in  1985. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  Masonic  Lodge,  the  Veterans 
of  Foreign  Wars,  and  the  Rotary  Cluh.  He  is  survived 
by  his  wife,  Marjorie,  three  sons,  two  daughters,  a 
sister,  and  nine  grandchildren. 


'37  of  Allentown,  Pa.,  on  Sept.  15.  He 
was  a  research  specialist  in  the  vinyl  floor  covering 
division  of  G.A.F.  Corp.  for  29  years  before  retiring  in 
1977.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Dorothy,  son  John 
C.  Miller  Jr.  '66,  two  daughters,  and  a  sister. 


Richard  A.  Shields  '37,  M.D.  '40  of  Roxbor- 
ough,  Pa.,  on  Aug.  19,  of  a  heart  attack.  He  retired 
from  private  practice  in  1984.  He  is  survived  by  his 
wife,  Elizabeth,  three  sons,  a  daughter,  a  brother,  and 
eight  grandchildren. 

A.  Fred  Rebman  III  '38,  J.D.  '41  of  Harrison, 
Tenn.,  on  Oct  20.  A  World  War  II  veteran  who 
served  in  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  theaters,  he  was  a 
partner  in  the  Chattanooga  law  firm  Spears,  Moore, 
Rebman,  and  Williams  and  attorney  for  the  Chat- 
tanooga-Hamilton County  Convention  and  Trade 
Center.  He  was  president  of  the  Chattanooga  Bar 
Association  in  1958.  He  was  listed  in  Who's  Who  in 
American  Late  and  Best  Lawyers  in  America.  He  is 
survived  by  a  sister,  a  nephew,  and  several  great- 
nephews. 

Charles  Woodrow  Styron  M.D.  '38  of 
Raleigh,  on  Aug.  21. 

Mary  Legwin  Weaver  '38  of  Wilmington, 
N.C,  on  March  1,  1991.  She  was  a  member  of  the 
Methodist  church  and  the  Thursday  Morning  Music 
Club.  She  is  survived  by  two  sons,  a  brother,  and 
three  grandchildren. 

Robert  D.  Baskervill  '39  of  Raleigh,  N.C,  on 
Oct.  17.  He  was  a  member  of  the  1938  Duke  football 
team  that  played  in  the  Rose  Bowl.  He  was  retired 
from  the  Civil  Service,  and  was  an  active  member  of 
Christ  Episcopal  Church  and  the  Scottish  Heritage 
Society  of  Eastern  North  Carolina.  He  is  survived  by 
his  wife,  Jane,  two  children,  and  a  sister. 

Macon  Crowder  Moore  '39  of  Raleigh,  N.C, 
on  May  19,  1992.  A  former  society  editor  for  the 
Raleigh  News  and  Observer,  she  was  also  a  past  presi- 
dent of  the  Raleigh  Fine  Arts  Society  and  former 
division  chairwoman  of  the  Wake  County  United 
Way  for  several  years.  She  is  survived  by  two  sons, 
one  daughter,  four  grandchildren,  and  one  sister. 

Ora  Jarvis  Schlossel  '39  of  Schodack  Landing, 
N.Y. 

Priscilla  Alden  '40  of  Arlington,  Va.,  on  June  22. 
A  retired  chief  of  the  programs  branch  of  the  plans 
and  programs  division  of  the  research  and  engineering 
directorate  of  the  Army  Materiel  and  Development 
Readiness  Command,  she  worked  at  Duke  during 
World  War  II  as  assistant  to  the  curriculum  chairman 
for  the  medical  school.  She  also  worked  as  a  liasion 
officer  with  the  French  government  on  the  Lend- 
Lease  program. 

John  Franklin  Byrum  B.S.E.E.  '40  of  Schenec- 
tady, N.Y.,  on  April  28.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Thelma. 

James  G.  Huckabee  Jr.  '40  of  Durham  on 
Sept.  10.  A  World  War  II  veteran,  he  had  retired  as 
executive  vice  president  of  Liggett  &  Myers  Tobacco 
Co.  He  was  also  the  director  of  the  Liggett  Group  and 
the  chairman  of  the  board  of  Pinkerton  Tobacco  Co. 
He  is  survived  hy  his  wife,  Kathryn;  two  sons;  a 
daughter,  Kathryn  H.  Peters  '80;  and  three 
brothers,  including  Edgar  Huckabee  '46. 

William  C.  Covey  '41  of  Beckley,  W.Va.,  on  Oct. 
11,  1991. 

Betty  McKee  Daub  '42  of  Monroe  ville,  Pa.,  on 
March  5,  1989,  of  rheumatoid  arthritis.  She  was  active 
in  the  Eastminister  United  Presbyterian  Church,  the 
Monroeville  Garden  Club,  and  the  hoard  of  directors 
of  the  United  Presbyterian  Children's  Home.  She  is 
survived  by  her  husband,  James,  two  daughters,  one 
brother,  and  a  grandson. 

Carl  W.  Herdic  '42  of  West  Cape  May,  N.J.,  on 
Jan.  20.  He  is  survived  by  a  son  and  a  daughter. 

Alex  Piasecky  '42  of  Deltona,  Fla.,  on  Sept.  16. 
Voted  Most  Valuable  Player  in  the  1942  Rose  Bowl 
game  held  in  Durham,  he  played  end  for  the  Wash- 


ington Redskins  in  1943  through  1945  and  later 
became  a  regional  sales  manager  for  the  Alcan  Alu- 
minum Corp.  He  was  a  former  president  of  the  Wash- 
ington Redskins  alumni  organization. 

Marie  Pierce  Riefenberg  '42  of  Sun  City 
Centet,  Fla.,  on  Oct.  7,  of  cancer.  A  public  school 
teacher,  she  was  a  member  of  United  Community 
Church  and  the  Woman's  Club,  and  head  of  the  lan- 
guage department  at  Leto  High  School  in  Tampa,  Fla. 
She  is  survived  by  her  husband,  Frank,  two  sons,  a 
brother,  and  six  grandchildren. 

Cecile  Lee  Burnett  '44  on  May  9,  of  cancer. 

Sarah  Lambert  Newton  '44  of  Rocky  Mount, 
N.C,  on  July  3. 


J.  Wilchins  M.D.  '45  of  Las  Vegas 
on  Aug.  15.  A  Korean  War  MASH-unit  surgeon,  he 
was  a  retired  chief  of  staff  for  Lake  Mead  Hospital.  He 
is  survived  by  his  wife,  Eleanor,  and  a  sister. 


Maginnis  '4d  of  Media,  Pa.,  on  Jan. 
14,  of  cancer.  He  was  a  professor  of  statistics  and  com- 
puter science,  and  his  books  sold  worldwide.  He  is 
survived  by  his  wife,  Carol  Stark  Maginnis  '45. 

D.  Thomas  Ferrell  Jr.  '48  of  Huntington  Val- 
ley, Pa.,  on  Aug.  17. 

David  W.  Fick  '48  of  High  Point,  N.C,  on  May 
27.  A  former  editor  of  The  Archive  and  a  World  War 
II  veteran,  he  was  a  retired  vice  president  of  the 
Alderman  Company.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Virginia  Gunn  Fick  '47;  three  daughters,  includ- 
ing Lasley  Fick  Gober  '74  and  Hillary  Fick 
Evans  '74;  a  son,  Duncan  D.  Fick  '76;  a  sister, 
two  brothers,  including  William  G.  Fick  Jr.  '51; 
eight  grandchildren;  and  a  nephew,  William 
George  Fick  III  '86. 

John  Dale  Showed  '48  of  Ocean  City,  Md.,  on 
Oct.  2,  of  cancer.  A  World  War  II  veteran,  he  owned 
the  Castle  in  the  Sand  Motel  and  was  director  of  the 
Bank  of  Ocean  City.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Ann 
Lockhart  Showell  '46,  two  sons,  two  daughters, 
and  four  grandchildren. 

Hugh  Dorsey  Wilson  Sr.  LL.B.  '48  of  Rich- 
mond, Va.,  on  Aug.  26.  An  Army  veteran  of  World 
War  II,  he  was  the  Ashburn  city  attorney  and  attor- 
ney for  the  Turner  County  Board  before  entering 
private  practice.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Sue,  two 
children,  a  brother,  and  two  grandchildren. 

Klay  Kenneth  Keith  Box  49,  M.Ed.  52  of 
Durham,  on  Sept.  13.  Active  in  Boy  Scouting  for  59 
years  and  a  past  president  of  the  Durham  Lions  Club, 
he  was  a  retired  educator  and  Durham  city  schools 
administrator.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Hazel 
Melvin  Box  M.R.E.  '49,  two  daughters,  two  sisters, 
a  brother,  and  four  grandchildren. 


M.Div.  '49  on  June  19.  He  was 
head  of  the  Army's  chaplaincy  at  Ft.  Jackson  before 
he  retired. 


Gail 


ibel,  Fla.,  on  Sept.  4. 


John  Patterson  Greene  M.D.  '50  of  North 
Palm  Beach,  Fla.,  on  Aug.  7.  A  World  War  II  veteran, 
he  was  a  retired  pediatrician  and  a  fellow  of  the 
American  Academy  of  Pediatrics.  He  is  survived  hy 
his  wife,  Alice,  two  sons,  a  brother,  and  five  grand- 
children. 

Hubert  M.  Johnson  A.H.Cert.  '50  of  Char- 
lotte, N.C,  on  Sept.  17,  1991.  He  retired  from  Char- 
lotte Memorial  Hospital  in  1982.  He  is  survived  by  his 
wife,  Caroline. 

George  H.  Kellermann  B  SEE.  '50  of  New 
Orleans,  La.,  on  April  7. 

Swain  Seaton  Lucas  B.S.M.E.  '50  of  Rich- 
mond, Va.,  on  Dec.  10,  1991 ,  of  stomach  cancer.  A 


] anuary-F  ebi 


Navy  veteran  of  World  War  II,  he  was  a  retired 
employee  of  Best  Products.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Patsy,  two  sons,  and  two  brothers,  Paul  W.  Lucas 
M.D.  '36  and  Cecil  S.  Lucas  B.S.M.E.  '41. 

Jean  Roller  Ruff  in  '50  of  Johnson  City,  Tenn., 
on  Oct.  14-  A  registered  nurse,  she  was  a  past  presi- 
dent of  the  Women's  Medical  Auxiliary  and  president 
of  the  Johnson  City  Medical  Center  Hospital  Volun- 
teers. She  is  survived  by  her  husband,  Clarence 
Rllffin  M.D.  '45,  three  daughters,  a  son,  and  four 
grandchildren. 

George  Sylvester  M.D.  '50  of  Flo- 


rence, S.C., 


LAug. 


Frank  A.  Bennett  M.F.  '51  of  Lake  City,  Fla.,  on 
March  30,  1992.  He  was  the  chief  silviculturist  with 
the  Naval  Stores  and  Timber  Productions  Laboratory 
in  Olustee,  Fla.,  until  retiring  in  1972.  He  is  survived 
by  his  wife,  Josephine,  a  daughter,  a  brother,  a  sister, 
and  two  grandsons. 


D.  Curie  M.F.  '51  of  Waynesville, 
N.C.,  on  Aug.  12.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Frances. 

Alfred  E.  DufourJ.D.  '51  of  Aiken,  S.C.,  on  Sept. 
3.  An  attorney,  he  was  a  member  of  the  American  Bar 
Association  and  former  president  of  the  Jaycees.  He  is 
survived  by  his  wife,  Milly  Smith  Duf  our  '49,  J.D. 
'51,  three  sons,  his  mother,  a  sister,  and  two  grand- 
children. 

John  Gavey  A.M.  '51  of  Albuquerque,  N.M.,  on 
Aug.  10.  He  was  a  retired  optometrist.  He  is  survived 
by  his  wife,  Kathleen. 

Robert  H.  Pyle  '51  of  Kalamazoo,  Mich.,  on 


Mary  Jane  Erwin  '52,  A.M.  '53  of  Oak  Ridge, 
Tenn.,  on  June  22.  She  was  a  co-founder  of  Access 


Summer 

*  DUKE 


DUKE  UNIVERSITY 
PRECOLLEGE  PROGRAMS 

Academic  and  personal  challenges  for 
outstanding  high  school  juniors 


College  Credit  at  Duke: 
July  1-August  15 
Ecology  in  Costa  Rica: 
Jury  14-August  2 


Contact  Mike  Gunzenhauser 
Pr«Colleg«  Programs 
Box  90747,  Duke  University 
Durham,  NC  27708-0747 

(919)684-3847 


Unlimited,  an  organization  responsible  for  the  con- 
struction of  public  access  to  buildings  and  curbsides. 
She  is  survived  by  her  mother-in-law,  a  sister-in-law, 
and  two  nephews. 

L.  Guilford  Daugherty  M.Div.  '53  of  Raleigh 
on  Sept.  2 1 . 

David  G.  Hogue  '53  of  Chapel  Hill  on  Oct.  28. 
An  Army  veteran,  he  was  materials  manager  with 
Ametek-Lamb  Co.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Carol 
Clarke  Hogue  B.S.N.  '56,  M.S.N.  '60,  a  son,  two 
daughters,  and  a  brother. 

Robert  F.  Pierry  B.S.C.E.  '53  of  Dallas,  Texas, 
on  Sept.  14,  of  cancer.  A  past  mayor  and  former  coun- 
cil member  of  Franklin  Township,  N.J.,  he  was  presi- 
dent of  Roger  Bullivant  of  Texas,  Inc.,  at  the  time  of 
his  death.  He  was  a  registered  professional  engineer  in 
New  Jersey  and  Texas.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Avis  Watchman  Pierry  '53;  three  sons,  includ- 
ing Robert  F.  Pierry  Jr.  B.S.E.  77;  his  brother, 
Michael  Pierry  Jr.  B.S.C.E.  '57;  nine  grandchil- 
dren; and  his  mother. 

Dorothy  D.  Wedemeyer  '54  on  July  29.  She  is 

survived  by  her  husband,  Albert,  and  three  children. 

Victor  Bilan  M.F.  '54,  D.F.  '57  of  Nacogdoches, 
Texas,  on  Sept.  3,  of  pancreatic  cancer.  A  forestry 
professor  and  researcher  at  Stephen  F.  Austin  State 
University,  he  published  71  journal  articles  between 
1957  and  1991,  and  was  awarded  the  university's 
Distinguished  Professor  Award  in  1973  and  1985.  He 
also  was  honored  in  1975  with  the  Award  for  Distin- 
guished Service  to  the  Forestry  Profession  in  Texas.  He 
is  survived  by  his  wife,  Elizabeth,  and  four  daughters. 

Po-Yen  Chen  '55  of  lung  cancer. 

Betty  Sneed  Crisp  '56  of  Horse  Shoe,  N.C.,  on 
Sept.  29,  1991. 

Milan  Ernest  Hapala  Ph.D.  '56  on  June  20.  He 
was  a  professor  emerirus  of  government  at  Sweet  Briar 
College  in  Virginia.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Adelaide  Hamilton  Hapala  '47,  daughter 
Mary  Hapala  McCahill  74,  and  son  Milan 
Hapala  Jr.  73. 

Konrad  Knake  '56  of  New  York,  N.Y.,  on  Aug.  7. 

John  R.  "Jack"  Beck  B.S.E.E.  '57  of  Seattle, 
Wash.,  on  Nov.  1 1,  1991.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Kay,  and  their  two  children. 

Mary  M.  Mackie  A.M.  '57  of  Rockledge,  Fla.,  on 

Sept.  2. 

James  L.  McAllister  Ph.D.  '57  of  Staunton, 
Va.,  on  Aug.  4.  A  Presbyterian  minister  from  1957 
through  1976  before  becoming  an  Episcopal  priest,  he 
was  professor  emeritus  of  religion,  philosophy,  history, 
and  architecture  at  Mary  Baldwin  College. 


Eakes  Elliott  M.Ed.  '59  of  Oxford,  N.C., 
on  March  24,  1991.  A  member  of  Delta  Kappa 
Gamma  honorary  society,  she  taught  school  in 
Granville  County,  N.C.,  for  more  than  30  years  and 
was  also  a  Sunday  school  teacher.  She  is  survived  by 
one  son,  one  brother,  and  one  grandson. 

Kenneth  L.  Smith  Ph.D.  '59  of  Rochester,  N.Y., 
on  April  25.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Esther. 

Bob  Dorsee  B.S.E.E.  '61  of  Hong  Kong  on  Aug.  2. 
A  member  of  Kappa  Sigma  fraternity  while  at  Duke, 
he  was  vice  president  and  general  manager  for  Tyco 
Corp.  in  Hong  Kong.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
K    Lynda,  a  daughter,  his  mother,  and  a  granddaughter. 


DEADLINE:  MARCH  15, 1993 


McDonald  M.D.  '61  of  Sanborn,  N.Y., 
':    on  April  13.  He  was  in  private  practice  at  the  time  of 
his  death.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Deanna,  one 
daughter,  and  a  sister. 

Ronald  E.  Davis  '63  of  Houston,  Texas,  on  Sept. 
5.  An  AU-American  baseball  player  while  at  Duke,  he 


played  for  the  Houston  Astros,  the  St.  Louis  Cardi- 
nals, and  the  Pittsburgh  Pirates. 

Ken  Spoon  M.H.A.  '65  of  Richmond,  Ind.,  on 
Oct.  23,  1988. 

Harry  O.  Uhden  Jr.  B.S.C.E.  '65  of  New  Hart- 
ford, N.Y.,  on  June  3. 

Robert  K.  Most  '67  of  Mansfield,  Pa.,  on  Aug. 
30.  A  marathon  runner  and  a  teacher,  he  was  a  psy- 
chologist in  private  practice.  He  is  survived  by  his 
wife,  Barbara,  and  four  children. 

David  L.  Pancoast  Ph.D.  '67  of  Virginia  Beach, 
Va.,  on  June  7.  An  associate  professor  emeritus  of 
psychology  at  Old  Dominion  University,  he  was 
awarded  the  Walter  Klopfer  Award  for  "distinguished 
contributions  to  the  literature"  by  the  Society  for 
Personality  Assessment. 

Charles  H.  Young  Jr.  '69  of  Raleigh,  N.C.,  on 
Sept.  4,  of  cancer.  He  practiced  law  with  the  Raleigh 
firm  Young,  Moore,  Henderson,  and  Alvis.  He  is  sur- 
vived by  his  wife,  Elizabeth;  a  son;  his  mother;  his 
father,  Charles  H.  Young  '35,  LL.B.  '38;  and  two 
sisters. 

Jane  Lewis  Seaks  73  on  June  25.  She  is  sur- 
vived by  her  husband,  Terry  G.  Seaks  A.M.  72, 
Ph.D.  72. 

Dirk  Rose  76  of  Moreno  Valley,  Calif.,  on  July  1. 
He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Allison  Gillespie 
Rose  76. 

Stephen  A.  Brill  Ph.D.  '81  of  Durham  on  Aug.  3. 
He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Judith,  his  parents,  his 
paternal  grandmother,  a  sister,  a  stepdaughter,  and  a 
stepson. 

David  George  Guilfoile  MBA   85  of  Dallas, 

Texas,  on  Sept.  15.  A  GTE  marketing  manager,  he 
worked  in  areas  of  rate  design  and  public  policy  issues. 
He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Virginia  Reeve  Guil- 
foile B.S.N.  77,  M.B.A.  '85,  two  children,  a  twin 
brother,  and  a  sister. 

Javier  Guillermo  Correa  III  M.D.  '89  of 
Durham  on  Nov.  8,  1990. 

Pavlik  Nikitine  M.E.M.  '92  on  Sept.  16.  He 
worked  for  Wildlife  Conservation  International.  He  is 
survived  by  his  father  and  a  brother. 

Kerrie  Hamilton  Kuzmier  M.E.M.  '92  of  Long 
Island,  N.Y.,  on  Sept.  16.  She  is  survived  by  her 
mother  and  a  sister. 

Dean  Mary  Grace  Wilson 

Former  dean  of  the  Woman's  College  Mary  Grace 
Wilson  died  November  2  at  the  Methodist  Retire- 
ment Home  in  Durham.  She  was  91. 

During  her  career  at  Duke,  Wilson  was  house  coun- 
selor and  social  director  from  1930  to  1936,  dean  of 
residence  from  1934  to  1952,  and  dean  of  undergradu- 
ate women  from  1952  to  1970.  In  1990,  she  was 
awarded  the  University  Medal,  the  highest  honor 
given  for  service  to  Duke. 

Wilson  graduated  from  Winthrop  College  and  later 
earned  her  master's  from  Columbia  University.  Before 
coming  to  Duke,  she  taught  mathematics  at  Kinston 
High  School  and  was  dean  of  women  at  Durham  High 
School  and  East  Carolina  Teachers  College. 

A  former  president  of  the  North  Carolina  Associa- 
tion of  Women  Deans  and  Counselors,  Wilson  was 
involved  in  planning  and  executing  almost  every 
aspect  of  the  college's  tripling  to  almost  1,500  students 
by  its  fortieth  anniversary  in  1970,  the  year  she  retired. 
In  recognition  of  her  role  in  Duke's  history,  Wilson 
House  on  East  Campus  was  named  in  her  honor  and 
her  portrait  hangs  in  the  East  Duke  Building. 

She  is  survived  by  brothers  Allen  and  Herbert  Wil- 
son of  Greensboro.  A  scholarship  fund  has  been  esta- 
blished at  Duke  in  her  name. 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


CLASSIFIEDS 


RESORTS/TRAVEL 


ARROWHEAD  INN,  Durham's  courury  bed  and 
breakfast.  Restored  1775  plantation  on  four  rural 
acres,  20  minutes  to  Duke.  Written  up  in  USA  Today, 
Food  &  Wine,  Mid-Atlantic.  106  Mason  Rd.,  27712. " 
(919)  477-8430. 

LONDON.  My  delightful  studio  apartment  near 
Marble  Arch  is  available  for  short  or  long-term  rental. 
Elisabeth  J.  Fox,  M.D.,  901  Greenwood  Rd.,  Chapel 
Hill,  NC  27514.  (919)  929-3194. 
ST.  JOHN:  Two  bedrooms,  two  baths,  full  kitchen, 
cable  TV,  pool.  Covered  deck  with  spectacular  view  of 
Caribbean.  Quiet  elegance.  Off-season  rates.  (508) 
668-2078. 

aORlDA  KEYS,  BIG  PINE  KEY:  Fantastic  open 
water  view,  Key  Deer  Refuge,  National  Bird  Sanctu- 
ary, stilt  house,  3/2,  screened  porches,  fully  furnished, 
stained-glass  windows,  swimming,  diving,  fishing,  boat 
basin.  Non-smokers.  (305)  665-3832. 


THE  OLD  NORTH  DURHAM  INN, 

bed  and  breakfast  less  than  a  mile  from  Duke,  offering 

tum-ot-the-century  charm,  comfortable  lodging,  and 

heartv  breakfasts.  922  N.  Mangum  St.,  27701.  (919) 

683-1885. 

BRITISH  VIRGIN  ISLANDS:  New  luxury  waterfront 
house  on  Little  Mountain,  Beef  Island,  for  vacation 
rental.  Three  bedrooms,  two  baths,  pool,  and  spectac- 
ular views;  sleeps  six.  Beautiful  beach  for  great  swim- 
ming and  snorkeling.  John  Krampf  '69,  812  W.  Sedg- 
wick St.,  Philadelphia,  PA  19119.  (215)  438-4430 
(home)  or  (215)  963-5501  (office). 

HILLSBOROUGH  HOUSE  INN  bed/breakfast,  15 
minutes  from  Duke.  Gracious  Italianate  mansion. 
Seven  acres.  Historic  district.  209  E.  Tnon  St..  H  Us- 
borough,  NC  27278.  (919)  644-1600.  Kathenne 
Webb,  innkeeper. 

ST.  JOHN,  USVI:  GALLOWS  POINT.  One-bed- 
room oceanfront  condo,  sleeps  four.  Twenty  yards 
from  ocean,  short  walk  to  Cruz  Bay.  TV,  CD,  tape 
player,  microwave.  Owner  direct  (301 )  948-8547.  Ask 
for  Dick. 

CANCUN,  MEXICO  condo  in  hotel  zone  on 
Caribbean,  maid  service,  walk  to  restaurants.  (904) 
272-5228. 


NANTUCKET  ISLAND,  Many  Castles,  fully 
furnished  and  equipped  four-bedroom  home.  Private 
location,  spectacular  ocean  views,  walk  to  pristine 
beach.  July  and  August  $2, 100/week  includes  ferry 
tickets.  June,  September,  October  also  available.  (508) 
228-5488  owner. 

BEAVER  CREEK/VAIL,  CO.  Ski-in/out,  five  bed- 
room, five-and-a  half-bath,  3,300-square-foot  luxury 
home  in  world  class  resort.  Views,  elegant  furnishings, 
high-tech  kitchen,  five-star  amenities.  Ptemier  sum- 
mer golf,  all  outdoor  sports,  splendor  of  fall  leaves. 
Switzerland  in  America  nightly,  weekly.  (714)  644- 
5128. 

WRIGHTSVILLE  BEACH.  Wish  to  exchange 
OCEANFRONT  three-bedroom,  two-bath  duplex 
for  equivalent  in  Blowing  Rock  area  for  two  weeks 
in  August '93.  (919)763-6883. 

DEER  VALLEY,  UTAH.  "A  world-class  resort  with 
exceptional  skiing,  lodging,  and  dining."  Three-bed- 
room, 2,600-square-toot  condominium  with  grand 
mountain  views  in  Silver  Lake  area.  Just  150  yards 
from  lifts.  Margot  Beach  Sullivan  '70,  1329  Beaumont 
Dr.,  Gladwyne,  PA  19035.  (215)  642-0123. 

BALD  HEAD  ISLAND,  NC.  Unspoiled  island  acces- 
sible by  ferry  from  Southport.  No  cars.  Transportation 
by  golf  cart,  fourteen  miles  of  beach,  golf,  tennis, 
nature  program,  great  fishing.  Beautifully  furnished 
three-bedroom,  two-bath  condo.  Weekly/  weekend/ 
off-season  rates.  Rent  at  discount  directly  from  owners. 
(919)929-0065. 


FOR  RENT 


LONDON  FLATS,  near  Chelsea  Bridge/Ba 
Park.  Elegantly  furnished,  centrally  located,  maid 
service,  Flat  18  accommodates  five,  with  three  bed- 
rooms, bath/shower,  fully  equipped  kitchen,  $850/ 
week.  Flat  16  accommodates  three,  with  two  bedrooms, 
bath/shower,  lovely  lounge  and  dining  room,  fully 
equipped  kitchen,  $650/week.  Can  arrange  theater 
tickets.  Contact  evenings  for  brochure:  Thomas 
Moore,  (801)  393-9120,  fax  (801)  393-3024;  or  P.O. 
Box  12086,  Odgen,  UT  84412. 

PEBBLE  BEACH,  California.  House  on  fairway, 
golfer's  delight.  Sleeps  eight.  (713)  623-4200. 

ST.  JOHN,  USVI:  AGAVE,  three-bedroom,  two- 
bath,  fully  equipped  private  home,  two  miles  from 
Cruz  Bay.  Spectacular  view.  From  $1,100  during  sea- 
son. (809)  776-6518. 


FOR  SALE 


HAWAIIAN  PROPERTIES:  Century  21  Kailua 
Beach  Realty,  Scott  Holder,  (808)  263-6000. 

QUALITY  U.S.  &  FOREIGN  FLAGS 
Special  Flags  vk  Banners  made  to  order 
Aluminum  &  Fiberglas  Flagpoles 
Marian  Zaren,  147  N.  Main  St. 
Yardley,  PA  19067  (215)  493-2134 

GRASS  COURT  COLLECTION  (Since  1982):  Cus- 
tom-tailored cream  "tennis/yachting  flannel  slacks" 
and  much  more!  Free  literature  at  "direct  factory 
prices."  1-800-829-3412  (Hanover,  NH). 

DURHAM:  A  PICTORIAL  HISTORY.  Limited  2nd 

printing!  150+  photos  on  208  pages.  $24.95  +  tax. 

(919)489-6601  |oel  Koscyu,  '01  ManticeUoAve., 

Durham,  NC  27707. 


UNIQUE  MOUNTAIN  ESTATE  at  base  of  Mt. 
Mitchell,  NC.  Immaculate,  4,000-square-foot,  passive- 
solar  home  on  three  acres  in  private  cove.  Stream, 
trout  ponds,  bounded  by  national  forest,  near  golf 
course.  Just  reduced  to  $2 10,000.  Call  June  at  (704) 
682-2253  for  details. 


MISCELLANEOUS 


BE  TRUE  TO  YOUR  CREW  ON  SATURDAY, 
MARCH  20:  Third  annual  Crawford  Bay  Crew  Classic, 
Portsmouth,  Va.,  will  host  teams  from  twelve  schools 
including  Duke.  Free  to  the  public  for  viewing  from 
the  seawall  overlooking  the  Elizabeth  River,  the  races 
run  a  2,000-meter  course,  with  preliminary  heats  in  the 
morning,  finals  in  the  afternoon.  Alumni  are  invited 
to  enjoy  tailgate  parties  during  the  regatta;  tailgate 
spaces  can  be  reserved  for  $25  per  space.  You  can  sup- 
port the  event  by  being  a  team  patron  for  $100.  Patrons 
receive  VIP  hospitality  for  two,  honorable  mention  in 
the  race  program,  and  a  regatta  poster  and  T-shirt.  For 
information,  call  Ports  Events  at  1-800-296-9933. 

GAY,  LESBIAN,  AND  BISEXUAL  ALUMNI:  A 
Duke  University  Gay,  Lesbian,  and  Bisexual  Alumni 
Network  is  being  formed.  Plans  are  being  made  for 
gatherings  in  conjunction  with  the  March  on  Wash- 
ington in  April  1993  and  at  Homecoming  1993.  For 
more  information,  to  help  with  planning,  or  to  be 
placed  on  a  confidential  mailing  list,  contact  Robin  A. 
Buhrke,  Ph.D.,  Coordinator  of  Gay,  Lesbian,  and 
Bisexual  Services  and  Sexuality  Programming,  Duke 
Counseling  and  Psychological  Services,  214  Page 
Bldg.,  Box  90955,  Durham,  NC  27708-0955,  (919) 
660-1000. 


CLASSIFIED  RATES 


GET  IN  TOUCH  WITH  65,000  POTENTIAL  buyers, 
renters,  travelers,  consumers,  through  Duke  Classifieds. 

RATES:  For  one-time  insertion,  $25  for  the  first  10 
words,  $1  for  each  additional  word.  Telephone  num- 
bers and  zip  codes  are  free.  DISPLAY  RATES  (with 
art)  are  $100  per  column  inch  (2  1/4"  wide).  TEN 
PERCENT  DISCOUNT  for  multiple  insertions. 

REQUIREMENTS:  All  copy  must  be  printed  or  typed; 
specify  section  (FOR  RENT,  FOR  SALE,  etc.)  ,n 
which  ad  should  appear;  no  telephone  orders  are 
accepted.  ALL  ADS  MUST  BE  PREPAID.  Send 
check  or  money  order  (payable  to  Duke  Mazarine)  to: 
Classifieds,  Duke  Magazine,  Box  90570.  Durham,  NC 
27708-0570. 

DEADLINES:  November  1  (January -February  issue), 
January  1  (March-April  issue),  March  1  (May-June 
issue),  May  1  (July-August  issue),  July  1  (Scptcmhcr- 
October  issue),  September  1  (November-December 
issue).  Please  specify  issue  in  which  ad  should  appear. 


Jan  i 


y -February    19  9  3 


HELL-RAISING 
DEVIL 


In  the  old  days,  recalls  Bill  Goodwin  '68, 
no  one  knew  the  identity  of  the  Blue 
Devil,  the  mascot  who  leaps  around 
Duke's  football  field  or  basketball  court 
and  encourages  the  cheering  crowd.  But 
all  that  changed  one  Saturday  morning  in 
the  fall  of  1966  when  Goodwin  overslept, 
missed  the  bus  to  the  Clemson  football 
game,  and  had  to  borrow  a  car  from  one  of 
his  fraternity  brothers.  After  that  incident, 
he  recalls,  there  was  no  hope  of  maintain- 
ing his  previously  well-kept  secret. 

Goodwin's  unmasking  was  the  least  of 
his  problems  on  that  autumn  Saturday. 
Adding  humiliation  to  embarrassment, 
Goodwin  found  himself  in  five  lanes  of 
Clemson  traffic  on  his  way  home  after  the 
game — still  in  costume — when  he  collided 
with  the  vehicle  in  front  of  him,  demolish- 
ing the  front  end  of  his  borrowed  car.  And 
as  if  that  weren't  enough  insult  for  one  day, 
the  team  bus  happened  to  drive  by  the 
scene  of  the  accident  soon  after,  picked  up 
the  two  cheerleaders  who  were  Goodwin's 
passengers,  and  left  him  alone  in  a  hostile 
sea  of  Clemson  fans.  Finally,  says  Good- 
win, a  Duke  alumnus  who  was  a  dentist 
drove  by  and  helped  him  extract  "the  hood 
from  the  tires,"  making  the  car  safe  enough 
for  a  harrowing  drive  back  home. 

Bill  Goodwin  has  dozens  of  these  stories 
to  tell,  twenty-six  years  after  his  stint  as 
the  Blue  Devils'  maniacal  mascot.  This 
year,  Goodwin's  son  Matt,  a  Trinity  sopho- 
more, is  one  of  Duke's  two  Blue  Devils, 
and  is  believed  to  be  the  first  second-gen- 
eration Devil  in  history.  But  the  elder 
Goodwin  says  his  son  isn't  the  "trouble- 
maker and  hell-raiser"  that  he  was. 

A  case  in  point  is  the  Duke-Carolina 
basketball  game  at  Chapel  Hill  in  1967. 
Duke  and  Carolina  have  always  had  a  fierce 
rivalry,  and  Goodwin  remembers  that  the 
home  crowd  at  UNC's  Carmichael  Gym 
made  him  the  brunt  of  their  hostility. 
"The  Carolina  fans  had  been  hassling  me 
during  the  entire  game,"  says  Goodwin. 
"After  a  charging  foul  had  been  called  on 
the  Tar  Heels  in  the  second  half,  I  picked 
up  the  ball,  which  was  lying  on  the  court, 
stuck  it  under  my  cape,  and  presented  it  to 
the  refs  under  the  Duke  basket,  while  the 


crowd  booed."  After  the  game,  Goodwin 
recalls,  a  brief  scuffle  ensued  when  Carolina 
fans  went  on  the  court;  for  his  own  protec- 
tion, the  Devil  was  escorted  away  by  police. 
The  mascot's  favorite  Blue  Devil  memo- 
ries include  these  pranks: 

•  When  someone  stole  the  Carolina 
ram,  he  conspired  with  dining  hall  director 
Ted  Minah  and  presented  a  bucketful  of 
chopped-up  ribs  and  meat  to  the  stadium 
fans — providing  a  meal  presumed  to  be  ram 
meat — before  the  game. 

•  When  he  was  abducted  by  his  fraterni- 
ty's pledges,  they  stripped  him  to  his  shorts 
and  chained  him  inside  a  campus  bus;  he 
rode  around  for  an  hour  before  being  res- 
cued by  Public  Safety.  The  episode's  main 
organizer  substituted  for  Goodwin  at  that 
night's  basketball  game  and  became  the 
legitimate  Blue  Devil  two  years  later. 

•  When  the  cadets  at  Navy  snatched  him 
up  during  a  football  game,  they  passed  him 
to  the  top  of  the  stadium  and  hung  him  over 
the  railing.  "I  had  a  quiet  confidence,"  he  says, 
"that  nothing  was  going  to  happen  to  me." 

While  he  spent  most  of  his  time  as  mas- 
cot heckling  fans,  his  son  Matt  does  a  much 
better  job  of  representing  the  mascot  to  the 
Duke  community,  Goodwin  says.  While 
the  Blue  Devil's  role  in  the  Sixties  was 
"loose  and  unstructured,"  the  recent  suc- 
cess of  Duke  athletics  and  requests  for 
appearances  at  volunteer  events  have 
necessitated  splitting  the  mascot's  duties 
between  two  students. 

With  notoriety  has  come  other  perks, 
like  free  sneakers,  a  mascot  camp,  and  a 
professionally-made  costume  for  the 
younger  Goodwin.  In  his  father's  time,  the 
mascot  had  to  fend  for  himself:  Goodwin 
put  together  a  costume — which  bears  a 
striking  resemblance  to  Batman — with  the 
help  of  a  high  school  wrestling  coach 
(luckily,  the  high  school  colors  were  Duke 
blue  and  white),  a  seamstress,  and  a  pitch- 
fork from  a  local  hardware  store. 

Goodwin  says  he  auditioned  to  be  the 
Blue  Devil  in  his  junior  year  because 
"there's  a  bit  of  a  ham  in  me,  as  there  is  in 
anyone  who  wants  to  cavort  around  in  a 
pair  of  tights."  He  also  had  failed  to  meet 
the  minimum  grade-point-average  require- 
ment to  continue  cheerleading.  Even 
though  he  says  his  son  credits  Lisa  Weis- 
tart  '92,  one  of  last  year's  mascots,  with 
persuading  him  to  try  out,  there's  a  genetic 
element  as  well.  "He  probably  had  a  little 


Goodwin  past  and  present:  the  trident  is  passed  to  l 
generation 


bit  of  that  in  his  blood,  with  a  Blue  Devil 
for  a  dad  and  a  cheerleader  [Valerie  Blish 
Goodwin  71]  for  a  mom." 

Goodwin  has  spent  his  post-mascot  years 
in  the  life  insurance  business.  In  1979,  the 
Devil  went  down  to  Georgia  as  a  general 
agent  for  Northwestern  Mutual  Life  in 
Atlanta.  But  he  has  continued  to  serve 
Duke  in  other  ways:  on  the  Annual  Fund 
executive  committee  for  the  last  two  years, 
as  a  class  agent  for  the  last  eight  years,  as  a 
charter  member  of  the  Duke  Executive 
Leadership  Board  for  the  city  of  Atlanta, 
on  the  President's  Executive  Council,  and 
as  chair  for  his  25th  Reunion  Gift  Drive. 

But  Goodwin's  reputation  was  not  as 
stellar  in  his  student  days.  After  the  fracas 
at  the  Carolina  game,  as  Goodwin  tells  it, 
"[Athletics  Director]  Eddie  Cameron  passed 
word  to  the  head  cheerleader  that  it  might 
be  more  discreet  to  find  a  new  Blue  Devil 
for  the  next  year." 

The  Devil  harbors  no  regrets  about  not 
being  asked  back;  he  says  he  was  a  little 
burned  out  anyway.  But  that  doesn't  mean 
he  didn't  enjoy  himself.  "After  twenty-six 
years,  no  one  ever  forgets  that  you  were 
the  Blue  Devil,"  he  says.  "It  was  absolutely 
a  wonderful  experience,  and  I  wouldn't 
trade  it  with  anyone." 

— Jonathan  Douglas 


32 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


gBEEHEEE 


BUILDING  HOMES  IN 
A  NEW  HABITAT 


Wyoming's  Snake  River  stands  in 
stark  contrast  to  the  hustle  and 
bustle  of  midtown  Manhattan. 
Peacefully  meandering  through  towns  with 
names  like  Moose  and  Elk,  and  not  far 
from  the  natural  wonders  of  Grand  Teton 
and  Yellowstone  National  Parks,  it  provides 
a  setting  easily  conducive  to  quiet  contem- 
plation. It  was  on  Wyoming's  Snake  River 
in  the  summer  of  1990  that  Nancy  Card- 
well  '69  first  realized  there  was  something 
missing  from  her  life. 

Cardwell  had  spent  the  past  twenty-one 
years  of  her  life  in  New  York  as  a  business 
journalist,  first  at  The  Wall  Street  Journal, 
and  then,  since  1989,  at  Business  Week 
magazine.  But  after  her  fishing  excursion 
in  Wyoming,  she  says  she  "bailed  out," 
giving  up  all  the  trappings  of  success  for  a 
new-found  freedom. 

On  Cardwell's  way  home  from  Wyoming, 
LaGuardia  Airport  provided  an  unexpected 
but  immediate  impetus  for  her  decision  to 
quit  her  job,  pack  up  her  belongings,  and 
head  south.  If  Wyoming  was  the  very  pic- 
ture of  solitude  and  peacefulness,  the  air- 
port was  anything  but.  LaGuardia  was  at 
its  absolute  worst,  on  a  hot  and  sticky  Sat- 
urday night  in  August,  with  late  flights 
and  lost  luggage.  Cardwell  thought  to  her- 
self right  then  and  there:  "That's  it.  I'm 
moving."  And  she  never  changed  her 
mind.  One  year  later,  she  was  a  resident  of 
Americus,  Georgia — population  16,512 — 
working  for  the  nonprofit  Habitat  for 
Humanity,  International. 

Cardwell  says  it  took  a  year  for  her  friends 
and  family  to  realize  that  she  wasn't  crazy; 
they  all  thought  she  was  having  a  mid-life 
crisis.  But  she  says  she  was  thrilled  with 
the  churning  rapids  of  her  New  York  career, 
until  the  moment  she  decided  to  abandon 
ship.  "1  was  having  a  wonderful  time  until 
the  day  I  decided  I  wasn't  having  a  wonder- 
ful time.  I  had  reaped  the  best  of  the  rewards 
my  job  had  to  offer." 

As  assistant  managing  editor  of  The  Wall 
Street  Journal,  Cardwell  says  she  realized  in 
1989  that  the  paper  wasn't  going  to  ap- 
point a  woman  as  managing  editor  and  it 
was  time  to  move  on  after  twenty  years. 
And  she  didn't  like  the  weekly  journalism 


at  Business  Week,  where  she  was  a  senior 
editor  from  1989  until  1991.  "I  had 
reached  the  top  5  percent  of  my  profes- 
sion," she  says.  "How  much  more  did  I 
have  to  prove  in  that  line  of  business?" 

Cardwell  didn't  have  to  prove  to  anyone 
that  she  could  survive  living  on  a  minimal 
salary   in  Americus,  Georgia.   Originally, 
Cardwell  says  she  planned  to  volunteer  at 
Habitat  for  a  few  months,  help- 
ing to  build  low-cost  homes  for 
families  in  substandard  living 
conditions.  But  when  she  sent 
in  her  application  listing  her 
journalistic  credentials,  she  was 
asked  to  become  editor  of  Habi- 
tat World,  Habitat  for  Humani- 
ty's bimonthly  newspaper. 

Cardwell  had  planned  to 
leave  after  six  months  to  free- 
lance edit  "somewhere  between 
Boise  and  Albuquerque."  But 
she  says  she  was  also  free  to  stay 
on,  both  as  an  editor  and  a  vol- 
unteer at  Habitat's  construction 
sites,  from  Georgia  to  Guatema- 
la, where  she  spent  three  weeks 
this  October.  "I  haven't  been 
here  long  enough  to  know  how 
long  it  will  continue  to  be  chal- 
lenging," she  says.  "But  it's  very 
fulfilling  to  be  out  there  for  an 
afternoon  and  see  a  roof  shin- 
gled. There  are  actually  people  9 
who  don't  live  outdoors  on  dirt  H| 
floors  because  of  what  we  do."       j(^M 

Habitat  for  Humanity  is  offi-  'jk 
cially  described  as  a  "nonprofit  ' 
ecumenical    housing    ministry." 
Founded   by   Millard   Fuller   in  _ 
1976,  the  group  has  burgeoned  ,[MU' 
to  767  affiliates  who  will  build  Made  in  Americus:  Cardwell  constructs  af 
more    than   6,000   homes   this 
year  throughout  the  world.  Families  who 
are  selected  to  purchase  the  homes  are 
expected  to  put  in  time  building  them — 
"sweat  equity" — in  return  for  which  the 
properties  are  sold  at  no  profit  and  no 
interest. 

This  credo  meshes  well  with  the  Biblical 
call  to  take  no  profit  from  the  poor,  says 
Cardwell.  Religion  plays  an  important,  but 
not  overpowering,  role  in  the  organization's 
call  to  duty — it's  fundamentally  a  Christ- 
ian ministry,  but  there's  nothing  funda- 
mentalist about  it,  Cardwell  says.  "There's 
room  for  everyone  here,"  she  adds.  "There's 


no  one  coming  along  and  saying  'you  have 
to  buy  my  religion.'" 

But  one  of  the  necessities  of  Habitat's 
religious  affiliation  is  that  it  does  not  ac- 
cept government  funding.  Some  volunteers 
were  concerned,  Cardwell  says,  when  Bill 
Clinton  and  Al  Gore  worked  on  a  Habitat 
site  during  the  campaign.  Outside  of  poli- 
tics, former  President  Jimmy  Carter  is  a 


spokesman  for  Habitat,  head  of  the  annual 
Jimmy  Carter  Work  Project,  and,  says 
Cardwell,  "a  very  good  carpenter." 

Cardwell  says  she  harbors  no  regrets 
about  her  lifestyle  switch.  (She  says  long- 
ingly, though,  that  there's  no  bookstore  in 
Americus.)  Instead,  she's  happy  to  have 
declared  success  in  her  first  profession  and 
forged  on  downstream.  Laughing,  Cardwell 
says,  "I  was  probably  the  last  person  in  the 
world  you  would  have  thought  would  quit 
her  job  and  become  a  missionary." 

— Jonathan  Douglas 


January-February    1993 


13 


Q5uke 

TRAVEL 

Continuing  the 
educational 
experience  through 
more  enriching 
adventures 


"Travel  is  fatal  to  prejudice,  bigotry,  and 
narrow-mindedness,  and  many  of  our  people 
need  it  sorely. ..broad,  wholesome,  charitable 
views... can  not  be  acquired  by  vegetating  in 
one  s  little  corner  of  earth.  " 

—  Mark  Twain,  Innocents  Abroad  (1869) 


Mexican  Riviera  Cruise 

January  20-28 

Cruise  to  Mexico's  Pacific  playgrounds  in  world- 
class  style  aboard  the  spectacular  Crown  Odyssey. 
Our  special  eight-night  cruise  sails  round-trip 
from  Los  Angeles  to  Cabo  San  Lucas,  Puerto 
Vallarta,  and  Mazatlan.  See  scenic  resorts,  quaint 
harbor  towns,  exquisite  vacation  homes,  and 
beautiful  cathedrals.  With  our  special  discount, 
prices  begin  at  $1,181.00  per  person,  double 
occupancy,  including  free  air  from  most  cities. 

Antarctica 

January  30-February  13 
Antarctica's  waterways  are  open  to  navigation 
for  just  a  few  short  months  each  year.  During 
the  austral  summer,  discover  rocky  headlands 
crowded  with  nesting  Adlie,  Gentoo  and  pen- 
guins, and  other  exotic  fowls.  Along  the  ice- 
strewn  beaches,  elephant  and  fur  seals  gather 
while  minks,  orca,  and  hump-back  whales 
course  through  the  icy  waters,  past  pale  blue 
glaciers  and  towering  icebergs.  llliria's  fleet  of 
Zodiac  landing  craft  allow  us  to  cruise  among 
ice  floes,  view  playful  seals  and  land  almost  any- 
where. With  a  passenger  complement  of  only 
130  and  a  large  staff  of  resident  scientists,  we 
participate  in  surveys  of  nesting  penguins  and 
collect  photographs  to  assist  in  the  identification 
of  individual  whales.  Fares  begin  at  $5,395  per 
person,  based  on  double  occupancy. 


Costa  Rica  and  the  Panama  Canal 

February  11-19 

No  wonder  this  little  country  has  become  one  of 
the  most  cherished  realms  of  naturalists.  At 
Manuel  Antonio  National  Park,  explore  forests 
of  hibiscus,  balsa,  and  almond  trees,  watching 
for  sloths  and  golden-furred  squirrel  monkeys. 
Our  Zodiacs  will  take  us  up  the  Rio  Agujitas. 
And  at  Poas  National  Park,  we  will  scale  the 
slopes  of  one  of  the  few  accessible  active  volcanoes 
in  the  Americas.  Sail  the  Aurora  //through  the 
Panama  Canal  with  experts  providing  insights  into 
the  history,  engineering,  and  economics  of  the 
canal  as  we  pass  through  the  locks.  Fares  begin  at 
$2,745  per  person,  based  on  double  occupancy. 

Caribbean  Cruise 

February  13-20 

There  are  no  schedules  here,  no  routines,  just 
uncommon  luxury,  untrammeled  harbors,  and 
time.  The  Windstar  explores  the  world  of  the  pri- 
vate yachtsman,  where  life  is  unspoiled  and  liv- 
ing easy.  A  wide  range  of  activities  entice  you  to 
head  for  the  beach,  snorkel  with  blue  angels,  or 
water  ski.  Or  you  may  prefer  to  play  golf  or  ten- 
nis at  a  private  resort.  Join  us  for  a  new  experi- 
ence in  Caribbean  travel  on  a  masted  ship. 
$2,695  per  person,  based  on  double  occupancy. 

South  Africa 

March  1-14 

This  new  itinerary  begins  with  three  nights  in 
the  Golden  City,  Johannesburg.  While  there, 
join  an  optional  full-day  Pretoria  tour  or  an 
exciting  three-day/  two-night  safari  to  Sabi  Sabi, 
a  private  game  reserve  featuring  game  drives, 
Shangaan  tribal  dancers,  and  a  Bush  Braai  (bar- 
becue in  the  bush).  Continue  on  to  the  east- 
coast  city  of  Durban  for  three  nights.  This  year- 
round  sun-soaked  resort  has  some  of  the  best 
scenery  South  Africa  has  to  offer.  The  next  four 
nights  will  be  spent  in  Cape  Town,  where 
alumni  will  be  guests  at  a"Meet  the  South 
Africans"  home-hosted  cocktail  and  dinner 
party.  An  over-night  ride  aboard  the  spectacular 
Blue  Train  returns  to  Johannesburg  for  the  trip 
home.  $4,998  per  person,  double  occupancy. 

Key  West,  Florida  Guif  Coast, 
&  the  Mississippi  Delta 

March  27-April  10 

Our  14-day  adventure  aboard  the  1 38-passenger 
Yorktown  Clipper  follows  a  leisurely  course 
from  New  Orleans  around  the  southern  tip  of 
Florida  to  Fort  Lauderdale.  You'll  experience 
the  animated  pace  of  cities  like  New  Orleans, 
Tampa,  and  Miami.  Stop  at  Biloxi,  the  oldest 
town  in  the  Mississippi  Valley,  explore  Fort 
Jefferson  on  Dry  Torrugas,  the  largest  American 
seacoast  fort  ever  built.  In  Key  West,  visit  the 
haunts  of  Ernest  Hemingway  and  Tennessee 
Williams.  Enjoy  the  lovely  Antebellum  milieu 
of  Mobile  and  remote  Sanibel  and  Captiva 
islands.  Prices  start  at  $3,250  per  person, 
double  occupancy,  with  special  Duke  dis 
plus  Clipper  air  program. 


April  in  Paris 

April  26-May  4 

Paris  in  April  offers  you  a  cultural  feast.  Our 
senior  French  guide  will  acquaint  you  with  the 
city  Parisians  love  and  tourist  rarely  discover. 
We  include  a  city  orientation  tour,  a  full-day 
excursion  to  the  grandest  chateaux  in  all  of 
France,  Vaux  le  Vicomte  and  Fontainebleau, 
and  walking  tours  to  the  Musee  d'Orsay,  Palais 
Royal,  the  Marais  District,  and  the  impressive 
Place  des  Voges,  the  Carnavalet,  and  Picasso 
museums.   Depart  and  return  via  American 
Airlines  from  Raleigh-Durham.  $2,200  per 
person,  double  occupancy. 

English  Countryside 

May  13-22 

The  pastoral  English  countryside,  fascinating 
castles,  and  delights  of  London  are  yours  to 
explore  on  this  unique  ten-day  tour.  Spend 
eights  nights  at  Windsor's  Castle  Hotel,  with 
time  on  your  own  to  visit  Windsor  Castle  and 
Eton  College.  Enjoy  a  cruise  down  the  Thames 
or  take  in  a  play  at  the  Royal  Theatre.  Tour 
price  includes  excursions  to  London,  Blenheim 
Palace,  the  Cotswolds,  Stratford,  and  Warwick 
Castle,  plus  a  walking  tour  of  Windsor.  Approx- 
imately $2,540  per  person,  double  occupancy 
from  New  York. 

Swiss  Countryside 

May  21-30 

All  the  magic  of  the  Alpine  world  is  open  to  you 
with  its  huge  and  majestic  peaks,  crystal-clear 
mountain  lakes,  and  extensive  forests.  Settle  in 
to  the  Hotel  Royal  St.  Georges  in  the  heart  of 
Interlaken  for  eight  nights.  Explore  Switzerland's 
most  famous  medieval  city  of  Lucerne,  Ballenberg 
for  an  intriguing  taste  of  Swiss  heritage,  and  the 
mighty  Jungfrau  via  the  cog  wheel  train  into  the 
glacier  world  of  Switzerland's  high  Alps.  Travel 
by  lake  steamer  to  the  woodcarving  village  of 
Brienz.  Spend  free  time  discovering  the  wonder- 
ful typically  Swiss  towns  of  Gtindelwald,  Vengen, 
Murren,  and  many  others  just  a  short  train  ride 
from  Interlaken.  Approximately  $2,644  per  per- 
son, double  occupancy  from  New  York. 

Danube  River/Eastern  Europe 

May  29-June  12 

Begin  with  one  night  in  Vienna,  Austria.  Then 
cruise  five  fascinating  countries,  visiting 
Bratislava,  Czechoslovakia;  Budapest,  Hungary; 
the  Balkan  countryside;  Nikopol/  Pleven, 
Bulgaria;  Giurgiu  /  Bucharest,  Romania;  with  a 
short  transfer  in  Izmail,  Moldavia,  for  a  cruise 
on  the  Black  Sea  to  Istanbul,  Turkey,  for  two 
nights.  A  one-night  return  stay  in  Vienna  is 
included  at  the  end  of  the  trip  before  returning 
home.  A  cultural  enrichment  lecturer  from  Duke 
University  will  provide  a  wealth  of  historical  and 
current  information  on  areas  being  visited.  From 
$3,899  per  person,  double  occupancy. 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


North  Cape  Cruise 
July  8-23 

Sail  the  majestic  Norwegian  fjords  and  North 
Cape  aboard  the  exquisite  Crystal  Harmony.  On 
this  grand  cruise,  the  Duke  Alumni  Association 
and  the  Duke  Diet  &  Fitness  Center  offer  a 
unique,  educational  perspective.  Cruising  with 
Duke  Diet  &  Fitness  means  enhancing  your 
health  and  well-being  while  escaping  to  spectacu- 
lar landscapes  and  rich  history.  Luxurious  living 
can  be  healthy  living.  From  $5,505,  including 
free  air  from  Eastern  points  of  the  U.S.,  and 
reduced  air  from  the  Central  and  Western 
regions. 

Great  Rivers  of  Europe 

July  15-28 

Our  own  Duke  faculty  host  will  provide  an 
exciting  narrative  about  this  area.  Travel  into 
Vienna,  Austtia,  and  board  the  M.S.  Switzerland, 
one  of  the  newest  European  ships  afloat.  On 
the  Danube  River,  visit  Krems,  Melk,  and 
Linz,  Austria,  plus  Passau,  Deggendorf,  and 
Regensburg,  Germany.  A  special  highlight  is  a 
daytime  transit  of  the  brand-new  Danube  Canal, 
an  engineering  marvel  and  the  means  by  which 
we  can  sail  a  continuous  itinerary  to  the  Main 
and  the  Rhine  Rivers.  Some  of  the  many  cities 
we'll  visit  in  Germany  along  the  way  are 
Rothenburg,  Miltenberg,  Heidelberg, 
Rudesheim,  Koblenz,  Bonn,  and  Cologne. 
Included  along  the  way  are  planned  parties, 
a  castle  dinner  party,  and  the  convenience  of 
unpacking  just  once  during  the  entire  trip. 
From  $3,899  per  person,  double  occupancy. 

Scandinavia 

August  15-27 

Our  alumni  will  be  learning  the  history  of  the 
Vikings,  while  enjoying  a  land  filled  with  majes- 
tic color  and  beauty.  You'll  visit  the  historical 
areas  of  Denmark's  capital  city,  Copenhagen. 
Then  an  overnight  cruise  transports  you  through 
a  60-mile-long  Olsofjord  to  Oslo,  Norway,  fol- 
lowed by  a  fabulous  fjord-country  excursion, 
then  a  train  and  ferry  to  Gudvangen,  a  dramatic 
mountain  setting.  On  to  Bergen  and,  as  a  finale, 
Stockholm,  Sweden.  Savor  the  real  Scandinavia 
brought  to  life  by  knowledgeable  local  guides. 
Visit  Tivoli  Gardens,  enjoy  a  memorable  home- 
hosted  Swedish  luncheon,  and  explore  major 
cities.  An  optional  trip  to  St.  Petersburg  on  a 
special  three-night  extension  at  the  Astoria 
Hotel  rounds  out  this  highly  educational  tour. 
$3,598  per  person,  double  occupancy. 


Travel  advertising,  brochures,  and  mailings  to  alumni 
artfully  subsidized  by  participating  travel  companies. 


Passage  to  Suez 

September  28-October  12 
Turkey-Greek  Islands-Israel-Egypt.  A  chance  to 
grasp  the  world's  classic  civilizations  brought 
together  in  one  itinerary.  Our  certified  guides  will 
provide  an  informative  perspective  of  each  area 
visited.  After  three  nights  in  Istanbul  at  the  new 
Conrad  Istanbul,  the  all-suite  Renaissance  becomes 
your  exclusively  chartered  home  for  the  next  seven 
nights.  Ports  of  call  include:  Kusadase  (Ephesus), 
Turkey;  Kos  and  Rhodes,  Greece;  Haifa  and 
Ashdod  (Jerusalem  and  Bethlehem),  Israel;  and 
Port  Said,  Egypt.  Then  on  to  three  nights  at  the 
Semiramis  Inter-Continental  overlooking  the 
Nile  River  and  Cairo.  Unique  features  include 
time  to  explore  Istanbul  and  Cairo,  the  option 
of  extending  an  additional  four  days  in  Luxor, 
and  two  days  at  sea  cruising  the  Aegean  Sea  and 
Eastern  Mediterranean.  From  $4,498  per  per- 
son, double  occupancy. 

China 

September  30-October  18 
China,  land  of  treasure  and  tradition,  where 
time  stands  still.  Visit  Beijing,  Shanghai,  and 
Hong  Kong.  See  the  Great  Wall,  the  Forbidden 
City,  and  the  Temple  of  Heaven.  Cruise  the 
Yangtze  River  and  its  magnificent  Three  Gorges 
aboard  the  new  M.  V.  Yangtze  Paradise.  Stop  in 
Xi'an  and  pay  tribute  to  the  world-renowned 
Terra  Cotta  Warriors.  Marvel  at  the  50,000 
ancient  Buddhist  stone  statues  recently  exca- 
vated in  remote  Dazu.  Conclude  your  journey 
in  dazzling  Hong  Kong,  the  world's  most 
famous  shopping  mecca.  From  approximately 
$4,995  per  person,  double  occupancy. 

The  Seas  of  Ulysses  and  Black  Sea 

October  10-23 

Cruise  aboard  the  spectacular  Crown  Odyssey 
to  the  Eastern  Mediterranean  and  the  Black  Sea. 
This  twelve-night  voyage  allows  you  to  marvel  at 
the  antiquities  of  Athens,  Venice,  Ephesus,  and 
Istanbul,  and  then  sail  on  beyond  to  the  Tsarist 
grandeurs  of  Odessa  and  Yalta — and  in  1993, 
Constanta  (Romania).  The  charming  Greek  isles 
of  Patras,  Santorini,  and  Mykonos  complete  your 
cruise.  With  our  special  discount,  prices  start  at 
just  $3,044  per  person,  double  occupancy, 
including  free  air  from  most  cities. 

Passage  through  Egypt 

November  6-21  and  November  12-27 
Come  with  us  "behind  the  scenes"  on  an  extraor- 
dinary journey  to  Egypt.  Travel  down  the  Nile 
aboard  the  M.S.  Hapi,  an  elegant,  private  yacht, 
with  only  1 5  spacious  and  superbly  decorated 
cabins.  You  will  travel  in  small  groups  accom- 
panied by  highly  knowledgeable  guides  who 
make  you  feel  welcome  in  their  native  country. 
Spend  a  full  day  and  night  at  the  colossal  temples 
of  Abu  Simbel,  meet  with  experts  who  tell  us 
about  their  work,  experience  Egyptian  cultures, 
and  visit  the  home  of  an  Egyptian  family  for  tea. 
Prices  range  from  $4,500-$5,000  per  person, 
double  occupancy.  Airfare  is  extra. 


Kenya 

November  9-21 

Safari  is  Swahili  for  journey.  Our  Grand  Kenya 
Safari  will  be  a  memorable  educational  and  cul- 
tural journey  with  the  addition  of  a  wildlife  expert 
to-  accompany  us.  Vast  areas  of  Kenya  have  been 
set  aside  as  national  parks,  game  reserves,  and 
sanctuaries,  where  infinite  varieties  of  African 
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January-February    1993 


INTEGRATING 
MEMORIES 


Editors: 

As  a  graduate  from  Duke  Law  School  in 
1964,  I  always  enjoy  reading  Duke  Maga- 
zine. I  enjoy  keeping  up  on  events  on  cam- 
pus, reading  about  the  lives  of  some  of  my 
classmates  and  others  who  were  in  school 
when  I  was  in  school,  and  some  of  the  his- 
torical articles  in  particular. 

In  the  September-October  issue,  I  was 
particularly  interested  in  the  "Duke  Deseg- 
regates: The  First  Five"  article.  Quite 
frankly,  I  was  chagrined  that  the  first 
desegregation  mentioned  was  five  under- 
graduates in  1963,  and  then  there  was  dis- 
cussion of  admittees  in  the  years  following. 

My  law  school  class,  which  entered  Duke 
in  the  fall  of  1961,  had  the  first  two  black 
admittees.  If  it  is  true  that  undergraduate 
blacks  were  not  admitted  until  1963,  then 
the  two  admittees  to  my  law  school  class  in 
1961  must  have  been  the  first  blacks  admit- 
ted to  Duke.  I  was  very  surprised  that  they 
were  not  mentioned  in  your  article. 

The  two  who  were  admitted  in  my  class 
were  Walter  Johnson  \}.D.  '64]  and  David 
Robinson  [LL.B.  '64].  To  my  knowledge, 
they  were  recruited  by  Dean  Jack  Latty  as 
he  went  about  his  way  building  the  law 
school  to  national  prominence.  Both  of 
these  gentlemen  have  gone  on  to  fine  careers 
as  attorneys.  They  certainly  deserve  men- 
tion in  Duke  Magazine  as  the  initial  black 
admittees  to  Duke  University. 

I  enjoy  your  magazine  and  don't  mean 
to  be  critical.  I  imagine  you  will  be  hearing 
from  others  in  my  class.  I  just  wanted  to 
set  the  record  straight,  as  I  recall  it,  thirty- 
one  years  ago! 

Thanks  and  keep  up  the  good  work. 

Richard  H.  Rogers  J. D.  '64 
Dayton,  Ohio 

Editors: 

What  a  wonderful  article  on  the  five 
pioneers  who  were  members  of  the  Class  of 
'67!  And  how  great  to  see  a  picture  of 
Mimi  (Wilhelmina  Reuben-Cooke),  who 
took  Giles  House  by  storm  the  fall  of  1963. 

Nevertheless,  the  article  left  out  so 
much  about  both  the  preparations  made 
for  the  arrival  of  African-American  stu- 
dents and  the  already-existing  apartheid 
that  had  been  in  place  for  any  student  who 


was  not  Protestant  or  white  at  Duke. 

First,  the  preparations.  In  the  spring  of 
1963,  dorm  meetings  were  held  on  East 
Campus  to  discuss  with  freshmen  the 
impact  of  integration  at  the  university. 
Freshmen  were  invited,  because  we  would 
be  the  women  who  would  be  closest  in  age 
within  the  dorm  to  the  incoming  class, 
should  an  African-American  woman  be 
placed  with  us.  Remember,  please,  that  at 
that  time  women  stayed  in  the  same  dorm 
for  four  years,  lending  extreme  loyalty  and 
friendship  to  those  women  over  their  four 
years  at  Duke.  Many  found  that  their  alle- 
giances were  to  dorm  mates,  rather  than 
sorority  sisters  or  classmates. 

This  meeting  was  held  not  only  to 
inform  us  of  the  advent  of  integration  but 
also  to  create  a  dialogue  between  the  stu- 
dents and  administration  to  deal  with  the 
problems  that  this  might  bring.  It  was 
interesting  to  read  that  the  black  students 
all  remember  Duke  as  being  a  Southern 
school.  My  perception,  as  a  New  Yorker, 
was  that  the  student  body  was  split  50-50 
North  and  South,  but  there  was  a  South- 
ern gentility  that  permeated  our  social 
existence.  (For  instance,  Duke  Duchesses 
could  not  walk  and  smoke  cigarettes,  so  we 
would  sit  anywhere  we  felt  like  lighting 
up;  Duke  Duchesses  were  not  permitted  to 
wear  pants  outside  the  dorm;  Duke 
Duchesses  were  chastised  for  any  Public 
Display  of  Affection— PDA.) 

At  that  meeting,  however,  many  of  us 
were  confronted  for  the  first  time  by  racist 
and  bigoted  attitudes.  There  was  a  girl  who 
immediately  started  crying  because  she 
knew  her  parents  would  force  her  to  trans- 
fer to  a  segregated  school  (she  stayed  at 
Duke  to  graduate  with  her  class).  Another 
young  woman  could  not  understand  how 
she  could  determine  which  toilets,  showers, 
or  bathtubs  she  could  use,  since  we  had 
been  told  that  public  facilities  would  not 
be  labeled  "Colored"  or  "White."  Some- 
one else  insisted  she  would  get  through  the 
next  three  years  by  completely  ignoring 
any  African- American  on  campus. 

But  that  fall,  Mimi  arrived  and  knocked 
us  all  for  a  loop.  She  was  attractive.  She 
was  well-dressed.  She  was  articulate.  She 
was  smart.  Some  Giles  women  insisted  that 
Mimi  was  an  aberration,  but  most  of  us 
recognized  her  as  a  kindred  spirit,  one  of 
the  "best  and  brightest,"  regardless  of  race. 

Congratulations,  Mimi.  There  were  an 


awful  lot  of  us  who  knew  you  would  ac- 
complish so  much! 

As  for  our  pre- 1963  apartheid,  I  entered 
Duke  in  1962  as  one  of  five  Jewish  female 
freshmen  and  was  told  that  I  was  the  first 
to  have  a  non-Jewish  roommate,  ever,  at 
Duke.  Prior  to  that,  Jewish  girls  roomed 
together  as  freshmen  or  had  singles. 

When  sorority  rush  began,  I  was  told 
unequivocally  by  my  rush  adviser  that  if  I 
did  not  pledge  Alpha  Epsilon  Phi,  the  Jew- 
ish sorority,  I  would  be  ostracized  by  the 
other  Jewish  women  on  campus.  Thinking 
that  sorority  life  was  an  integral  part  of  uni- 
versity life,  and  not  being  willing  to  aban- 
don my  Jewish  heritage,  I  reluctantly  joined 
AEPhi,  rather  than  Kappa  Alpha  Theta,  my 
first  choice.  Of  the  other  four  Jewish  fresh- 
men, one  joined  Kappa  Kappa  Gamma  (and 
as  far  as  I  know  she  was  still  accepted  by  the 
Jewish  women  on  campus),  one  was  inde- 
pendent, and  the  other  two  were  my  pledge 
sisters.  My  impression  at  the  time  was  that 
Catholic  women,  too,  were  strongly  encour- 
aged to  discontinue  rush  parties  except  for 
the  Catholic  sorority. 

Interestingly  enough,  the  following  year, 
integration  of  the  campus  forced  integra- 
tion of  Greek  organizations — all  sororities 
and  fraternities  had  to  sign  a  pledge  not  to 
discriminate.  AEPhi  disbanded  because  we 
could  not  attract  a  pledge  class. 

Anti-Semitism  was  prevalent  on  cam- 
pus— I  was  surrounded  by  people  who 
thought  Jews  had  scales,  who  thought  Jews 
had  horns,  who  thought  all  Jews  were  rich, 
who  thought  that  no  Jews  could  fit  into 
"their"  lifestyle.  One  history  professor  ex- 
tolled Germany  and  Nazism  to  such  an 
extent  that  I  filed  a  protest  with  the  dean  of 
women.  Others  had  no  idea  of  the  impor- 
tance of  Jewish  holidays  and  assigned 
papers  and  exams  for  those  times. 

The  integration  of  Duke,  therefore,  was 
not  only  for  African-Americans.  I  know 
that  the  entire  university  began  to  accept  all 
minorities  as  an  integral  part  of  the  campus 
and  that  its  reputation  as  a  white,  Protestant 
school  began  to  evaporate.  How  nice  to  read 
that  almost  25  percent  of  the  student  body 
is  minority,  and  that  does  not  include  the 
smallest  minority  of  the  class  that  enrolled 
in  1962,  the  Jewish  women  who  comprised 
1.25  percent  of  the  Class  of  1966. 

Pris  Mitchell  Neulander  '66 
Boynton  Beach,  Florida 


36 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


iaa8ia«t««:i 


SA 


FAMILY 


hen  my  older 
sister  Lynn 
started  col- 
lege in  the 
fall  of  1972, 1 
went  along 
with  my  par- 
ents   as   we 


w 

drove  her  to  Ohio  from  our  home  in  Syra- 
cuse, New  York.  There's  nothing  particu- 
larly unusual  about  this  lone  fact — every 
August  there  are  dozens  of  little  brothers 
and  sisters  helping  to  carry  the  belongings 
of  their  older  siblings  into  the  dorms  of 
Duke  and  every  other  university.  What  is 
somewhat  unusual  about  my  1972  experi- 
ence is  that  my  sister  was  a  couple  of 
weeks  shy  of  her  eighteenth  birthday;  I,  on 
the  other  hand,  was  only  four-and-a-half 
years  old. 

Lynn  was  born  in  1954,  and  she  was 
joined  a  year  later  by  my  brother  Craig. 
My  brother  Charlie  came  along  in  1959. 
In  1968,  my  parents  had  me,  an  event  they 
have  always  politely  characterized  as  a 
"happy  bonus."  I  am  what  is  known  as  a 
"caboose,"  unofficially  defined  as  a  baby 
that  follows  by  six  or  more  years  an  earlier 
series  of  children.  The  large  difference  in 
age  between  my  siblings  and  me  has  never 
caused  any  problems,  and  I  never  experi- 
enced any  of  those  curses — like  sibling 
rivalry — that  plague  many  brothers  and 
sisters.  In  fact,  I  have  excellent  relation- 
ships with  each  of  my  siblings,  which  only 
seem  to  improve  as  I  grow  older. 

Relationships  between  siblings  cover  a 
vast  spectrum,  from  inseparable  intimacy 
to  unabashed  hatred  and  everything  in 
between.  But  love  them  or  hate  them,  you 
are  stuck  with  your  siblings  for  life;  that 
very  fact  makes  the  role  siblings  play 
unique — and  important.  It's  the  search  for 
what  causes  good  sibling  relationships  to 
be  so  good,  and  bad  ones  to  be  so  bad,  that 
intrigues  Deborah  Gold. 

Where's  the  baby?  The  curious  nature  of  sibling 
dynamics  was  a  theme  of  the  1 950  comedy  Cheaper 
by  the  Dozen 


TIES  THAT  BIND 

BY  MICHAEL  TOWNSEND 


Love  them  or  hate 
them,  you  are  stuck  with 

your  siblings  for  life. 

It's  the  search  for  what 

causes  good  sibling 

relationships  to  be  so 

good,  and  bad  ones  to 

be  so  bad,  that  intrigues 

medical  sociologist 

Deborah  Gold. 


Gold,  an  assistant  professor  of  medical 
sociology  at  Duke,  is  one  of  the  leading 
researchers  of  siblings  and  sibling  relation- 
ships. Most  of  her  research  focuses  on  sib- 
lings in  old  age — over  sixty-five — and  how 
these  sibling  relationships  have  developed 
and  changed  throughout  life. 

Gold's  interest  in  siblings  came  about 
for  two  reasons,  one  personal  and  one  pro- 
fessional. "My  mother  and  her  sister  were 
sixteen  years  apart  in  age,"  she  says.  "My 
aunt  is  older,  and  she  was  getting  married 
about  the  time  my  mother  was  two  years 
old,  so  obviously  there  wasn't  much  of  a 
sibling  relationship  established.  Yet  by  the 
time  they  were  into  their  fifties  and  sixties, 
all  of  a  sudden  there  was  this  shift  toward 
great  closeness  and  emotional  support." 
Gold,  fascinated  by  this  switch,  decided 
she  wanted  to  uncover  the  mechanisms 
that  encouraged  closeness  in  later  life. 

On  the  professional  side,  Gold  discovered 
that  the  majority  of  the  literature  on  fami- 
lies focuses  on  the  parent-child  relation- 
ship. Three  or  four  studies  had  been  done 
that  concentrated  on  siblings,  but  they 
barely  scratched  the  surface  of  the  issue. 


January-Februa- 


"Each  one  started  the  same  way:  'We  need 
more  studies  on  sibling  relationships,'" 
says  Gold. 

In  1986,  she  completed  her  doctoral  dis- 
sertation at  Northwestern  University, 
"Sibling  Relationships  in  Retrospect:  A 
Study  of  Reminiscence  in  Old  Age,"  for 
which  she  won  the  American  Sociological 
Association's  dissertation  award.  She  came 
to  Duke  in  1987,  joining  the  staff  of  the 
Center  for  the  Study  of  Aging  and  Human 
Development,  and  continued  her  sibling 
research. 

"We're  on  a  wave  of  popularity  in  the 
media  right  now,"  says  Gold  of  the  tiny 
network  of  researchers  looking  at  siblings. 
She  has  done  a  large  number  of  radio  and 
magazine  interviews  in  recent  months,  and 
last  summer  was  quoted  in  a  story  in  The 
New  York  Times.  Gold  believes  there  is  a 
renewed  interest  in  siblings,  partly  because 
people  are  having  fewer  children.  "I  think 
people  are  realizing  that  there  is  some 
bond  [between  siblings]  that  they  can't 
quite  explain,  but  that  they  are  beginning 
to  recognize  as  being  important,"  she  says. 

The  professional  community  is  also 
beginning  to  notice  Gold's  work.  She  tells 
a  story  of  a  recent  national  meeting  she 
attended,  at  which  she  was  approached  by 
a  woman  Gold  describes  as  the  "queen"  of 
widowhood  research.  "She  said  to  me,  'In 
my  first  several  pieces  on  widowhood,  I 
said  that  siblings  weren't  important,  that 
they  don't  provide  much  support  or  help. 
And  now  you've  done  work  that  shows  I 
am  wrong.'  And  that  was  great  praise  to  me." 

Gold  believes  her  work  will  continue  to 
grow  in  importance  because  of  the  chang- 
ing structure  of  families.  She  points  to  the 
fact  that  the  baby  boomers  are  creeping 
toward  later  life  with  a  very  different  sort 
of  family  than  their  parents  had.  "Fully  25 
percent  of  the  baby  boomers  aren't  mar- 
ried," she  explains,  "and  of  those  who  are, 
25  percent  aren't  having  children.  So  the 
natural  support  that  comes  through  gener- 
ations simply  isn't  present  for  large  num- 
bers of  people.  Since  those  people  will 
have  more  siblings  than  kids,  that's  where 
their  emotional  support  will  come  from." 

Gold's  research  typically  takes  the  form 
of  a  lengthy  interview  of  older  adults,  dur- 
ing which  the  respondents  are  asked  to 
reflect  upon  their  sibling  relationships 
throughout  the  course  of  their  life.  Much 
of  her  work  has  used  a  typology  that 
emerged  from  those  interviews,  and  sepa- 
rates sibling  relationships  into  five  cate- 
gories: intimate,  congenial,  loyal,  apathet- 
ic, and  hostile. 

The  terms  are  fairly  self-descriptive.  The 
intimate  relationship  is  one  of  extreme 
closeness,  an  inseparable  bond.  These  sib- 
lings are  in  close  contact  with  each  other, 
and  often  identify  the  other  as  their  "best 


Some  relationships 

are  exceptionally  close 

throughout  life, 

and  others  don't 

develop  until  later, 

but  the  end  result 

is  the  same: 

an  unusual  closeness 

in  old  age. 


friend."  One  intimate  brother  in  a  Gold 
study  used  the  term  "kindred  souls"  to 
describe  the  relationship  with  his  sister. 
Congenial  siblings  are  very  close,  but  usually 
not  as  close  as  they  are  to  their  spouses  or 
children.  Rather  than  "best  friend,"  conge- 
nial siblings  frequently  consider  the  other  as 
a  "good  friend."  Loyal  brothers  and  sisters 
participate  in  basic  ways  in  each  other's 
lives,  and  feel  a  sense  of  duty  toward  their 
siblings.  They  see  their  role  as  a  set  of  spe- 
cific responsiblities,  and  they  fulfill  that  role 
dutifully  rather  than  emotionally. 

The  other  two  categories  describe  nega- 
tive sibling  relationships.  Apathetic  sib- 
lings are  characterized  by  complete  indif- 
ference, often  simply  the  result  of  different 
interests  or  personalities.  Most  say  that 
they  were  never  close,  even  as  children,  and 
that  their  lives  took  them  in  different  direc- 
tions. Hostile  relationships  are  resentful  and 
angry,  occasionally  going  to  extremes.  One 
seventy-eight-year-old  man  Gold  inter- 
viewed told  her  that  he  would  spit  on  his 
brother  if  he  saw  him.  Often  this  hostility 
is  the  result  of  a  specific  event,  one  that 
may  have  occurred  long  in  the  past.  One 
possibility  Gold  cites  is  a  disagreement  over 
an  inheritance.  Envy  can  also  be  a  large 
player  in  a  hostile  relationship,  sometimes 
stemming  from  as  far  back  as  perceived 
parental  favoritism  in  childhood. 

Gold  is  quick  to  point  out  that  the  neg- 
ative type  of  reaction  is  the  exception, 
rather  than  the  rule.  "One  of  the  remark- 
able ironies,"  she  says,  "is  how  much  peo- 
ple hear  about  the  negatives  of  sibling 
relationships — sibling  rivalry,  envy,  com- 
petition. But  if  we  view  the  intimate,  con- 
genial, and  loyal  categories  as  positive,  we 
find  that  80  percent  of  people  fall  into  this 
range.  To  know  that  just  10  percent  have 
hostile  relationships,  and  another  10  per- 
cent have  apathetic  ones — well,  I  think 
that  is  amazing.  It's  quite  a  comment  on  the 


ability  of  older  adults  to  maintain  and  im- 
prove family  bonds.  I  think  it  is  important 
that  we  emphasize  the  positive  aspects." 

The  majority  of  positive  relationships 
follow  a  similar  path  through  life.  Brothers 
and  sisters  are  close  as  children,  but  the 
relationship  begins  to  cool  in  adolescence, 
as  the  individual  identity  is  strengthened. 
In  early  adulthood,  when  marriage  and 
family  concerns  dominate,  there  is  a  con- 
tinued cooling  period.  But  Gold  has  dis- 
covered that  there  is  a  renewal  of  closeness 
in  later  life.  Of  course,  some  relationships 
are  exceptionally  close  all  the  way  through 
life,  and  others  (like  Gold's  mother  and 
aunt)  don't  develop  until  later  life,  but  the 
end  result  is  the  same:  an  unusual  closeness 
in  old  age.  Negative  relationships  don't 
have  this  renewal.  Whether  they  became 
negative  in  childhood  or  through  an  event 
in  middle  age,  the  closeness  that  exists  in 
80  percent  of  sibling  relationships  after  the 
age  of  sixty-five  never  materializes. 

Gold  has  looked  at  a  variety  of  factors 
that  affect  sibling  relationships,  of  which 
gender  is  probably  the  most  basic.  Her  re- 
search shows  that  brother-sister  pairs  and 
sister-sister  pairs  are  fairly  similar  to  each 
other.  It's  brother-brother  pairs  that  differ. 
Gold  says  that  women  tend  to  devote  more 
care  to  relationships.  For  that  reason  pairs 
including  at  least  one  woman  are  closer 
and  have  the  greatest  contact  with  each 
other;  sister-sister  pairs  are  the  closest.  Tra- 
ditionally, though,  the  family  has  pitted 
brothers  against  each  other  in  a  competi- 
tive way,  and  that  hurts  brother-brother 
relationships. 

"For  brothers,"  she  says,  "it's  always  been, 
'he  went  to  this  college  while  you  only 
went  here,'  and  'your  brother  has  a  better 
job  than  you.'  "  Gold  thinks  that  we  may 
see  an  increase  in  the  pressure  on  sisters  to 
compete  with  each  other,  as  a  result  of  the 
increased  numbers  of  women  in  the  work 
force. 

And  what  about  that  most  unusual  of 
sibling  bonds — twins?  Gold  just  shakes  her 
head  and  laughs.  "I  haven't  done  any  work 
with  twins,"  she  says.  "They  are  in  a  cate- 
gory all  by  themselves." 

One  area  where  Gold  has  found  signifi- 
cant differences  is  across  race.  One  study 
found  that  only  3  percent  of  black  siblings 
fall  into  one  of  the  two  negative  categories 
(apathetic  or  hostile),  as  compared  with  22 
percent  of  the  white  siblings  in  the  sample. 
"In  the  black  family,  the  parent-child  rela- 
tionship isn't  always  strong,"  Gold  says. 
"Black  fathers  are  often  absent,  and  black 
mothers,  in  finding  other  ways  to  generate 
income,  sometimes  don't  establish  strong 
parent-child  relationships.  So,  almost  by 
default,  black  siblings  have  learned  to 
depend  on  and  care  for  each  other.  Hori- 
zontal relationships — those  within  genera- 


38 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


tions  as  opposed  to  across  generations — 
seem  to  be  the  most  important  to  blacks." 

It  is  virtually  impossible  to  speak  with 
Gold  and  not  begin  to  analyze  your  own 
sibling  relations,  so  I  brought  my  own  fam- 
ily into  our  discussion.  I  found  her  cate- 
gories remarkably  accessible  and  almost 
immediately  tried  to  figure  out  into  which 
category  I  would  fall.  I  suppose  right  now  I 
am  somewhere  between  congenial  and 
loyal  with  my  three  siblings. 

"Families  like  yours,  where  there  is  al- 
most a  generation  in  between,  tend  to  be 
quite  strong,"  says  Gold.  "But  relationships 
with  age  gaps  tend  to  take  time  to  evolve 
into  a  true  sibling  relationship.  They  begin 
almost  as  a  parent-child  relationship,  or 
with  a  mentor  aspect  to  them.  It  will  be 
interesting  to  see  what  happens  when  you 
get  into  your  fifties  and  sixties.  You'll  find 
that  a  gap  of  ten  years  from  fifty  to  sixty  is 
nothing,  but  from  ten  to  twenty  or  twenty 
to  thirty,  it  is  huge."  Gold  thinks  that  sib- 
lings whose  ages  are  between  two  and  five 
years  apart  have  the  biggest  difficulty,  with 
the  most  competition  and  parental  com- 
parison. Siblings  close  in  age,  or  with  larg- 
er gaps,  tend  to  have  less  difficulty. 

There  are  factors  other  than  the  gaps  in 
age  that  play  a  role  in  determining  the 
quality  of  a  sibling  relationship.  Career  and 
lifestyle  choices  seem  to  be  more  prevalent 
factors  in  negative  relationships.  The  cause 
of  an  apathetic  relationship  can  often  be 
simply  a  matter  of  opposing  lifestyle  choices. 
One  of  Gold's  studies  quoted  an  apathetic 
brother  commenting  that  "our  interests  are 
different.  Both  of  us  are  in  our  groove,  and 
it's  just  that  simple."  Similarly,  hostile  sib- 
lings often  feel  outrage  at  the  other's 
choice  of  profession  or  lifestyle.  With  posi- 
tive relationships,  differing  choices  from 
sibling  to  sibling  don't  matter. 

Gold's  research  shows  that  individuals 
with  better  education  and  a  higher  class 
standing  may  need  their  siblings  less  in  later 
life.  She  speculates  that  these  people  come 
into  contact  through  their  education  and 
occupation  with  a  wider  variety  of  people, 
and  thus  their  needs  may  be  met  by  people 
not  related  to  them.  On  the  other  hand, 
individuals  with  lower  educational  and 
class  standing  tend  not  to  move  around  as 
much,  and  depend  on  their  siblings  more 
consistently  through  life. 

The  amount  of  contact  plays  an  under- 
standable role  in  the  quality  of  sibling  rela- 
tionships. Intimate  brothers  and  sisters 
enjoy  frequent  contact — often  as  frequent 
as  daily.  The  regularity  of  contact  decreas- 
es with  each  subsequent  category.  Surpris- 
ingly, geographic  proximity  does  not 
appear  to  have  an  effect.  Gold  found  in 
one  study  that  more  than  half  of  the  inti- 
mate siblings  lived  more  than  a  thousand 
miles  apart.  At  the  opposite  end  of  the 


"The  question  that 

is  being 

asked  by  parents 

these  days  is, 

'I  have  one  child,  do 

I  need  another?' " 

DEBORAH  GOLD 
Medical  Sociologist 


scale,  hostile  brothers  and  sisters  also  re- 
main that  way  regardless  of  the  geographic 
distance  between  them. 

What  about  those  people  who  have  no 
sibling  relationships — like  my  parents, 
both  of  whom  are  only  children?  "Some  of 
the  most  vocal  supporters  of  my  research 
have  been  only  children,"  says  Gold.  "I 
think  this  is  because  they  want  to  find  out 
if  they  have  missed  anything  valuable.  But 
we  really  don't  know  that  much  about 
only  children  because  we  have  had  a  long 
period  of  time  where  only  children  were 
pretty  unusual."  While  my  parents  were 
both  born  during  the  Great  Depression, 
when  smaller  families  were  common,  for 
the  most  part,  the  last  fifty  or  sixty  years 
have  seen  larger  families.  But  smaller  fami- 
lies are  again  on  the  rise.  "The  question 
that  is  being  asked  by  parents  these  days," 
says  Gold,  "is,  'I  have  one  child,  do  I  need 
another?'  " 

"Your  situation  is  unusual,  though,  be- 
cause children  tend  to  watch  their  parents' 
relationships  with  their  siblings  and  imitate 
them.  You  didn't  have  that  opportunity." 

Gold   sees  other  ways   in  which  only 


children  are  at  a  disadvantage.  One  is  that 
they  tend  to  take  longer  to  master  inter- 
personal skills — like  how  to  share — than 
other  children.  Gold  says  she  has  also 
noticed  difficulties  when  only  children 
marry  people  with  multiple  siblings.  "I  had 
a  situation,"  she  recalls,  "where  there  was 
an  only-child  husband  whose  wife  was 
from  a  family  of  eight  or  nine.  His  wife's 
brothers  and  sisters  were  calling,  writing, 
visiting  all  the  time,  and  he  just  couldn't 
understand  because  there  was  no  parallel 
in  his  life." 

Good  sibling  relationships  can  have  a 
positive  effect  on  marriage.  Siblings  learn 
important  skills  from  and  with  each  other: 
how  to  share,  how  to  cooperate,  how  to 
compromise,  how  to  confide.  "The  better 
you  do  at  these  skills  with  your  siblings," 
says  Gold,  "the  better  you  will  do  with 
your  spouse."  But  the  opposite  is  true  as 
well:  Often,  people  who  have  been  multi- 
ply divorced  are  people  who  have  had  bad 
sibling  relationships.  "They're  people 
who've  never  been  able  to  establish  a  good 
long-term  relationship  under  any  circum- 
stances," says  Gold. 

Siblings  aren't  all  Gold  thinks  about 
during  her  time  in  her  Hospital  South 
office.  Because  funding  for  her  particular 
research  is  almost  non-existent,  she  has  a 
variety  of  other  projects  going  on  all  the 
time.  When  she's  not  focusing  on  siblings, 
she  looks  at  ways  people  cope  with  change 
in  later  lite,  particularly  with  chronic  ill- 
ness. She  has  done  work  with  cancer  and 
osteoporosis  patients,  and  has  participated 
in  projects  through  the  Center  for  the 
Study  of  Aging  and  Human  Development. 
But  there  is  much  more  she  wants  to  do 
with  siblings. 

"I'd  like  to  learn  more  about  the  actual 
mechanisms  that  lead  to  closeness  between 
siblings,"  she  says.  "If  we  could  identify 
some  of  these  more  specifically,  we  could 
teach  people  to  utilize  them,  both  in  a  sort 
of  public  education  way,  and  through  ther- 
apy. A  lot  of  psychiatrists  and  psycholo- 
gists would  be  very  grateful  if  they  could 
have  a  better  understanding  of  the  dynam- 
ics of  sibling  relationships." 

Says  Gold,  "Our  siblings  are  the  only 
people  who  know  us  our  entire  lives.  Our 
parents  know  us  as  children,  but  typically 
they  are  dead  by  the  time  we  get  older. 
And  our  kids  know  us  only  as  adults.  Our 
siblings,  though,  know  us  the  whole  way 
through — and  that  is  an  important  and 
unique  role."  ■ 


Townsend's  last  article  for  the  magazine  dealt  with 
the  financial  crisis  facing  higher  education . 


January-Februai 


Ml  ^Ky 


im^? 


An  air  of  excitement 
pervades  the  dark 
control  room,  as 
Chris  Lucius  work 
at  the  bank  of  elec- 
tronics,  a  sma. 
switch-box  in  his 
hand.  He  stares  in- 
tently at  the  blips  on  the  luminescent 
oscilloscope  screen.  A  loudspeaker  produces 
a  steady  stream  of  clicks  and  hissing.  The 
blips  and  clicks  are  heartening  signs  of  suc- 
cess. Lucius  and  co-experimenter  Daphna 
Ehrlich  are  probing  the  tangled  depths  of  a 
living  brain.  The  clicks  are  electrical  signals 
from  their  scientific  quarry — an  actively 
firing  nerve  cell. 

The  brain  belongs  to  a  brown  bat  faintly 
visible  through  a  window  into  an  adjacent 
soundproof  room.  The  bat  nestles  comfort- 
ably in  a  hollowed  sandwich  of  styrofoam 
suspended  by  elastic  bands.  Its  tiny,  ugly  face 
and  wing-thumbs  stick  out  the  front,  and  its 
gnarled  rear  claws  stretch  out  the  back. 

Over  the  past  hour,  Lucius,  a  Duke 
senior,  had  used  the  control  box  to  operate 
a  precise  hydraulic  "microdrive,"  which 
lowered  a  superthin  electrode  delicately  into 
the  bat's  brain.  The  electrode  is  a  mere 
five  micrometers  thick;  a  human  hair  mea- 
sures a  "gargantuan"  70  micrometers.  The 
hollow  glass  electrode  easily  penetrated  the 
gelatinous  brain  tissue.  As  they  lowered 
the  electrode,  Lucius  and  Ehrlich — a  visit- 
ing Israeli  scientist — directed  a  computer  to 
play  precise  ultrasonic  beeps  through  micro- 
phones mounted  next  to  the  bat's  ears. 
Throughout,  the  bat  feels  no  discomfort.  It 
is  sedated,  and  the  brain  has  no  pain  sensors. 

As  the  electrode  descended,  the  scien- 
tists searched  the  oscilloscope  screen  for 
the  blips  signaling  contact  with  a  nerve 
cell  in  the  brain's  auditory-processing  cir- 
cuitry. After  they  had  found  one,  they 
could  proceed  to  explore  its  firing  response 
to  various  tones.  And  they  might  add 
another  bit  of  knowledge  needed  to  map 
the  brain's  auditory  circuitry. 

Besides  such  experimental  skill,  explor- 


The  brain's  tangle  of 

100  billion  nerve  cells — 

each  with  thousands 

of  connections — 

presents  a  monumental 

mystery  to  Duke 

neurobiologists. 


ing  the  brain  means  an  immense  amount 
of  arduous,  detailed  work.  In  a  small  room 
in  another  laboratory,  research  assistant 
Psyche  Lee  sits  at  a  special  projection 
microscope,  tracing  on  paper  the  tortuous, 
intertwined  paths  of  stained  nerve  cells 
through  a  slice  of  brain.  Laboring  for  a 
solid  week  on  a  single  map,  she  goes 
through  slice  after  slice  of  a  tree  shrew's 
brain,  following  the  wandering  paths  of 
stained  nerve  cells  through  the  slices,  until 
she  has  executed  a  trace  the  size  of  a  large 
poster  and  the  complexity  of  a  city  street 
map.  The  job  requires  exquisite  attention 
to  detail,  and  Lee  is  a  master  at  producing 
such  maps. 

Lucius,  Ehrlich,  and  Lee  work  in  the 
medical  center's  neurobiology  department — 
the  centerpiece  of  Duke's  effort  to  under- 
stand the  finest  details  of  the  brain's  func- 
tion. Despite  the  technical  skill  and 
creativity  of  the  neurobiologists,  the  brain's 


tangle  of  100  billion  nerve  cells — each 
with  thousands  of  connections — still  pre- 
sents a  monumental  mystery.  While  brain 
scientists  understand  the  general  terrain  of 
the  neural  jungle — the  mountains,  valleys, 
lakes,  rivers,  and  perhaps  even  the  main 
roads — they  don't  know  the  critical  details 
of  the  dense  undergrowth  of  treelike  neu- 
rons or  the  fundamental  rules  that  govern 
how  they  grow  and  interconnect. 

Even  amid  such  complexity,  the  neuro- 
biologists make  steady  progress.  Each  ex- 
periment yields  a  new  piece  of  information 
about  the  brain  that  will  ultimately  reveal 
the  functional  plan  for  the  most  complex 
organ  on  earth. 

The  scientists'  work  is  basic;  they  do  not 
expect  immediate  medical  payoffs.  But 
medical  history  teaches  that  every  drug 
and  clinical  treatment  in  the  physician's 
arsenal  has  depended  on  a  broad  founda- 
tion of  basic  knowledge.  Neurobiology  will 
be  no  different,  says  department  chair  Dale 
Purves.  "Neurobiology  will  certainly  play 
an  important  role  in  curing,  or  more  likely 
preventing,  such  disorders  as  Alzheimer's 
disease,  Parkinson's  disease,  or  multiple 
sclerosis."  Understanding  the  brain,  he  says, 
"is  going  to  have  at  least  as  great  an  impact 
on  how  people  look  at  themselves,  how  they 
understand  themselves  as  human  beings. 
In  this  sense,  neurobiology  has  the  poten- 
tial to  radically  change  people's  behavior 
and  thought." 

The  brain  consists  of  a  vast  network  of  in- 
tertwined neurons,  the  basic  information- 


40 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


carrying  units  of  the  brain.  A  neu- 
ron is  a  sophisticated  combination 
of  transmission  cable  and  computer, 
capable  of  self-wiring  to  thousands  of 
its  neighbors.  What  we  call  thought 
arises  from  the  prolific  waves  of 
nerve  impulses  sweeping  through 
this  intricate  interconnected  circuit- 
ry. Some  neurobiologists  explore 
the  chemistry  and  firing  properties 
of  individual  neurons.  Other  "sys- 
tems" neurobiologists  concentrate  on 
understanding  the  strategy  of  the 
brain's  circuitry. 

Lucius  and  Ehrlich  work  in  the 
laboratories  of  Pete  Casseday  and 
Ellen  Covey,  respectively  an  associ- 
ate professor  and  an  assistant  med- 
ical research  professor  of  neurobiolo- 
gy, who  explore  the  brain  structures 
that  process  auditory  information. 
Since  the  echolocating  bat  is  "an 
incredible  auditory  processing 
machine,"  says  Casseday,  it  is  a 
perfect  experimental  animal  for 
their  work. 

Detecting  fine  differences  in  the 
timing  of  sounds  is  the  key  to  the  bat's 
exquisite  ability  to  process  its  re- 
flected squeaks — to  snare  the  tiniest 
mosquitoes  and  swiftly  avoid  tree  branches 
To  measure  its  distance  to  a  flying  insect,  i 
bat  must  accurately  sense  timing  differ 
ences  to  within  a  thousandth  of  a  second 
between  its  squeak  and  the  echo  from  the 
insect.  Similarly,  humans'  ability  to  under 
stand  speech  depends  critically  on  analyz 
ing  the  temporal  sequences  of  sounds,  say 
Casseday  and  Covey. 

Right  now  they  are  concentrating  on  the 
brain's  headquarters  for  processing  audito- 
ry signals.  Called  the  inferior  colliculus 
(IC),  the  sophisticated  knot  of  brain  cir- 
cuitry receives  multiple  streams  of  auditory 
data,  processes  them,  and  feeds  them  to 
higher  brain  areas  that  will  trigger  a  bat's 
behavior  in  reaction  to  the  sounds.  The 
two  scientists  are  exploring  peculiar  neu- 
rons that — when  the  bat  is  fed  two  sharp 
sound  pulses — "decide"  to  ignore  the  sec- 
ond pulse.  They've  also  found  still  other 
neurons  that  enhance  the  second  pulse. 
These  IC  neurons  are  puzzling  parts  of  the 
neural  auditory  circuitry,  say  the  scientists. 

"They  don't  just  react  to  individual  sig- 
nals, but  to  different  contexts,"  says  Casse- 
day. "Somehow  there  are  populations  of 
neurons  that  sample  different  time  periods 
between  pulses  and  set  up  expectations  for 
what  might  come  next."  Using  the  appara- 
tus in  their  "bat  lab,"  they  hope  to  map 
where  these  neurons  lie  in  the  expanse  of 
the  IC.  Mapping  neurons  from  outside  the 
cells  is  like  trying  to  figure  out  how  a  radio 
station  works  by  standing  outside  listening 
to  its  transmission.  To  understand  the  finest 


What  we  call  thought 

arises  from  prolific  waves 

of  nerve  impulses 

sweeping  through 

intricate  interconnected 

circuitry. 


details  of  the  neurons'  functioning,  the  sci- 
entists plan  to  insert  electrodes  inside  a 
nerve  cell,  using  a  device  called  a  patch 
clamp.  Then,  they  can  measure  the  subtle 
internal  voltages  that  will  tell  them  how 
the  neurons  are  excited  or  inhibited  in 
response  to  the  sound  pulses. 

Just  as  Casseday  and  Covey  feed  sounds 
to  bats  to  study  auditory  processing,  associ- 
ate professor  of  neurobiology  David  Fitz- 
patrick  explores  visual  processing  by  show- 
ing tree  shrews  video  patterns  of  vertical 
and  horizontal  lines.  His  objective  is  to 
map  the  specialized  circuits  in  the  visual 
cortex  that  respond  to  specific  light  pat- 
terns, such  as  bars  of  a  certain  orientation. 
The  visual  cortex  is  a  sheath  of  brain  tissue 
at  the  back  of  the  head,  where  the  brain 
turns  raw  visual  information  into  percep- 
tions.   An    apple's    image,    for    example, 


Brain  blueprint:  Psyche  Lee  makes  a  map  of 
cerebral  nerve  cells  mapulic<l  though  a  pro- 
jected microscope 

begins  its  journey  to  perception  as 
neural  impulses  coding  the  apple 
only  as  an  anonymous  collection  of 
light,  dark,  red,  and  yellow  features. 
Fitzpatrick  has  discovered  intrigu- 
ing early  hints  of  a  strategy  by  which 
the  visual  cortex  wires  itself.  To 
understand  his  discovery,  first  imag- 
ine staring  at  a  spot  on  a  blank  wall. 
Imagine  holding  up  a  matchstick  ver- 
tically. Still  staring  at  the  spot,  move 
it  around  your  field  of  vision.  When 
you  move  that  matchstick,  you're  fir- 
ing individual  patches  of  neurons 
throughout  your  field  of  vision  that 
react  only  when  they  see  a  vertical 
line.  Hold  the  match  horizontally  and 
move  it  around,  and  you'll  fire  sets  of 
neurons  "interested"  only  in  horizon- 
tal lines.  The  same  goes  for  a  match- 
stick  held  at  any  diagonal  angle. 
By  probing  tiny  tree  shrew  brains, 
B  Fitzpatrick  has  discovered  that  the 
x  5  specialized  "vertical  matchstick" 
"-v»|  neurons  prefer  to  extend  their 
wiring  connections  to  other  vertical 
matchstick  neurons  above  and  below  them 
in  the  field  of  vision;  they  have  fewer  con- 
nections horizontally  or  diagonally.  Simi- 
larly, the  "horizontal  matchstick"  neurons 
prefer  to  be  wired  to  their  twins  to  the  left 
and  right;  and  the  "diagonal  matchstick" 
neurons  tend  to  wire  diagonally  to  their 
diagonal  twins. 

Fitzpatrick  believes  that  this  wiring  ten- 
dency may  reflect  our  inclination  to  per- 
ceive continuity  in  such  structures  as 
straight  lines.  He'll  have  far  to  go  before 
he  fully  understands  the  phenomenon.  For 
example,  he  also  plans  to  explore  the 
weird  properties  of  some  neurons  that  fire 
only  when  a  visual  stimulus  passes  them 
going  in  one  direction,  and  not  another. 

Moving  visual  stimuli  have  also  intrigued 
neurobiology  professor  William  Hall,  for 
whom  Psyche  Lee  executes  her  intricate 
neural  maps.  When  something  "catches 
your  eye,"  you're  using  a  brain  structure 
called  the  superior  colliculus  (SC),  which 
Hall  studies.  The  SC,  structured  like  a  stack 
of  pancakes,  governs  reflex  movement  of 
the  eye,  as  when  a  flash  of  light  attracts  an 
involuntary  glance.  The  tiny  tree  shrew  is 
the  Arnold  Schwarzenegger  of  the  superior 
colliculus.  Perhaps  because  the  animal 
depends  on  its  insect-catching  prowess,  the 
tree  shrew's  SC  has  evolved  to  be  as  a  big  as 
a  human's. 

"The  SC  is  an  area  where  sensory  systems 
enter  and  where  motor  systems  leave,"  says 
Hall  of  the  multi-layered  structure.  Into 
the  shallow  layer  of  the  SC  come  neurons 


■Feb, 


1993 


from  the  visual  system;  arising  from  its 
deep  layer  are  neurons  that  affect  eye,  head, 
and  neck  motion.  According  to  Hall, 
studying  the  SC  could  offer  brain  re- 
searchers much  more  than  insight  into  the 
brain's  "sensorimotor"  functions. 

"I  think  it's  a  model  for  brain  function  as 
a  whole — not  for  just  one  part  of  the 
brain — because  it  accomplishes  many  of  the 
basic  functions  the  brain  does,"  says  Hall. 
The  SC  receives  information  from  the  out- 
side world  and  then  translates  it  into  a 
response — a  movement  to  look  at  an  object. 
To  map  the  SC,  Hall  lowers  a  hollow  glass 
electrode  into  the  region  and  electrically 
injects  an  infinitesimal  amount  of  dye  into  a 
few  neurons.  Once  the  animal's  brain  is  cut 
into  slices,  Psyche  Lee  then  maps  the  intri- 
cate connections  of  those  neurons. 

Hall's  probing  is  revealing  subtle  new 
connections  between  the  SC's  many  layers 
and  between  the  SC  and  other  brain 
regions.  Now  he's  working  to  try  to  sort 
out  the  theories  about  how  the  SC  is 
wired.  Eventually,  he  hopes  the  painstak- 
ing research  will  reveal,  in  all  its  detail, 
the  "neurobiology  of  a  glance." 

If  Casseday,  Covey,  Fitzpatrick,  and  Hall 
are  the  ground  explorers  who  map  the 
pathways  of  the  brain,  Lawrence  Katz,  asso- 
ciate professor  of  neurobiology,  is  the  aerial 
reconnaissance   expert.   He's  perfecting  a 


plan 
most/  complex 
organ  on  earth. 


laser  technique  to  map  the  electrical  inter- 
actions among  masses  of  neurons  at  once. 

"Conventional  ways  of  mapping  these 
connections  is  a  good  way  to  grow  old 
fast,"  he  says.  Such  traditional  methods  in- 
volved sticking  an  electrode  into  one  cell, 
zapping  it  with  electricity,  and  recording 
the  effect  on  a  nearby  cell.  To  do  his  "aeri- 
al" mapping,  Katz  uses  a  laser-equipped 
microscope  as  a  sort  of  "Star  Wars"  device 
aimed  downward  instead  of  up.  In  the 
technique  he  dubs  "scanning  laser  photo- 
stimulation,"  he  bathes  a  living  brain  slice 


with  a  chemical  called  a  neurotransmitter — 
a  substance  that  causes  neurons  to  fire.  Each 
neurotransmitter  molecule  in  Katz's  work 
is  held  captive  inside  a  "cage"  molecule. 
Once  the  cells  are  bathed  in  the  caged 
^molecules,  Katz  inserts  a  superfine  record- 
ing electrode  into  a  single  cell  in  the  slice. 
Then,  he  uses  the  laser  to  zap  a  precise 
point  in  the  slice,  unleashing  the  caged 
neurotransmitter  at  just  that  spot,  causing 
the  nearest  nerve  cell  to  fire. 

we  electrically  record  the  reactions  of 
le  cell,  and  laser-stimulate  thousands 
lividual  points  in  the  rest  of  the  slice, 
we  can  map  all  of  the  inputs  that  feed  into 
that  single  cell,"  he  says.  "This  will  give  us  a 
really  extraordinary  functional  map  of  the 
area.  The  light  beam  is  like  a  magic  wand. 
We  can  move  it  around  quickly,  easily  stim- 
ulating a  thousand  points  in  half  an  hour." 

Using  their  electrodes,  computers,  lasers, 
and  ingenuity,  scientists  are  gradually  re- 
vealing the  pathways  and  underlying  plan 
of  the  brain.  But,  they  say,  despite  such 
promising  techniques,  much  of  the 
labyrinth  of  the  brain  will  remain  profound- 
ly mysterious  for  decades  to  come.  ■ 

Copies  of  Duke  Research  1992 — a  compilation  of 
science-  and  medicine-oriented  stories — are  available 
from  the  Office  of  Research  Support,  615  Chapel 
Drive,  Durham,  N.C.  27708,  at  $2  each. 


WHEN  YOU'RE  NAMED  FOR 
DURHAM'S  MOST  FAMOUS  FAMILY, 
YOU'RE  EXPECTED  TO  BE  SPECIAL 

Since  the  late  1800s,  the  Duke  family  name 
has  been  closely  associated  with  excellence 
and  achievement.  Today  the  tradition  con- 
tinues at  the  Washington  Duke  Inn  &■  Golf 
Club.  Situated  at  the  edge  of  Duke  Univer- 
sity's campus,  Durham's  first  deluxe  hotel 
offers  171  luxurious  guest  rooms  and  suites. 
Play  a  round  of  golf  on  a  championship 
course  designed  by  Robert  Trent  Jones. 
Enjoy  international  fine  dining  at  the 
Fairview  Restaurant.  Relax  with  a  drink 
and  good  conversation  at  the  Bull  Durham 
Bar.  Whether  you're  visiting  the  university 
or  planning  a  getaway  you'll  feel  like  a 
special  guest  in  a  gracious  Southern  home. 
Call  us  at  (919)  490-0999  or  (800)  443-3853. 


Washington  Duke 
Inn  &  Golf  Club 

5001  Cameron  Boulevard  •  Durham,  NC  27706 
(919)  490-0999  •  Fax  (919)  688-0105 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


I»IIM«HM8H 


A  HIGH-PROFILE 


PRESIDENT  FOR  DUKE 


Four  years  ago,  Wellesley 
College  president  Nannerl 
Overholser  Keohane  spoke 
at  a  Duke  Women's  Studies 
symposium.  Her  comments 
focused  on  the  tensions  with- 
in what  she  called  an  "impos- 
ing triangle  of  concepts" — 
women,  the  liberal  arts,  and  a  democratic 
society.  She  began  by  sketching  the  funer- 
al oration  of  the  Athenian  statesman  Peri- 
cles. Pericles,  for  all  of  his  words  in  praise 
of  the  democratic  spirit,  had  very  little  to 
say  about  the  women  of  Athens,  she 
noted.  "This  is  all  there  is:  ladies,  be  silent, 
do  your  duty,  and  don't  draw  attention  to 
yourself." 

The  Periclean  prescription  is  far  removed 
from  Keohane's  credo  at  Wellesley;  there, 
for  the  past  eleven  years  she  has  enhanced 
the  stature  and  the  financial  base  of  one  of 
the  nation's  premier  women's  colleges.  And 
it  certainly  doesn't  define  what's  ahead  for 
her.  On  December  1 1 ,  Duke's  trustees  an- 
nounced the  selection  of  Keohane  as  Duke's 
eighth  president.  She  will  take  office  on 
July  1. 

Last  February,  Duke's  president  for  the 
last  eight  years,  H.  Keith  H.  Brodie, 
announced  that  he  would  step  down  at  the 
end  of  June  1993.  Brodie,  a  psychiatrist, 
plans  to  take  a  sabbatical  leave  for  a  year 
and  then  return  to  teaching. 

Numerous  reports  had  pegged  Keohane  as 
a  top  contender  for  the  presidencies  of  Yale, 
Columbia,  Chicago,  and,  earlier,  Stanford 
and  Harvard.  But  Keohane  and  others  say 
she's  a  particularly  good  match  for  the 
Duke  presidency.  "All  the  constituencies  of 
the  university  are  dedicated  to  taking  Duke 
up  yet  another  notch,  and  the  university  is 
blessed  with  the  resources  and  the  poten- 
tial strength  to  realize  this  goal,"  Keohane 
said  at  the  press  conference  announcing 
her  appointment.  "Duke's  prevailing  mood 
is  not  one  of  retrenchment  and  despair, 
but  of  prudent,  steady,  creative  progress.  I 
count  myself  profoundly  lucky  to  be  asked 
to  lead  such  an  unusual  institution." 

The  fifty-two-yeat-old  Keohane  will  be- 
come Duke's  first  female  president,  and  the 


NANNERL  KEOHANE 


"I  count  myself 

profoundly  lucky  to  be 

asked  to  lead  such  an 

unusual  institution." 


second  woman  to  lead  a  major  private  re- 
search university.  (Chicago's  Hanna  Gray 
will  retire  as  Keohane  begins  at  Duke.  On 
the  day  that  Duke  announced  Keohane's 
appointment,  the  most  prominent  female 
president  of  a  public  university,  Wisconsin's 
Donna  Shalala,  was  tapped  by  Bill  Clinton 
as  the  new  secretary  for  Health  and  Human 
Services.)  Keohane  told  local  reporters  that 
the  appointment  "is  a  pioneering  step  for 
Duke  and  for  me."  For  his  part,  John  Chan- 
dler B.D.  '52,  Ph.D.  '54,  chair  of  the  presi- 
dential search  committee,  said,  "It  is  appro- 
priate that  as  Duke  enters  its  second  century 
and  a  new  era,  we  will  do  so  under  the  lead- 
ership of  our  first  woman  president." 

Keohane  has  been  Wellesley 's  president 
since  1981;  she  is  a  1961  Phi  Beta  Kappa 


graduate  of  the  college.  She  was  awarded  a 
Marshall  Scholarship  to  St.  Anne's  Col- 
lege of  Oxford  University,  where  she 
earned  A.B.  and  M.A.  degrees  with  first 
class  honors  in  philosophy,  politics,  and 
economics.  In  1967  she  received  her  Ph.D. 
in  political  science  from  Yale.  Yale  later 
recognized  her  for  distinguished  service  to 
the  university  as  an  alumna.  She  taught 
political  science  at  Swarthmore,  the  Uni- 
versity of  Pennsylvania,  and  Stanford, 
where  she  was  honored  for  excellence  in 
teaching  and  chaired  the  university's  fac- 
ulty senate. 

In  her  field  of  political  science,  Keo- 
hane has  written  a  book  on  French  politi- 
cal philosophy  from  the  Renaissance  to 
the  Enlightenment,  Philosophy  and  the  State 
in  France.  She  was  co-editor  for  Feminist 
Theory:  A  Critique  of  Ideology.  Duke  profes- 
sor of  Romance  studies  Philip  Stewart,  vice 
chair  of  the  presidential  search  committee, 
says  she  is  "one  of  the  first  generation  of 
scholars  to  ask  questions  in  an  academic 
perspective  about  women's  roles  in  civic 
life."  Along  with  her  appointment  as  Duke's 
president,  Keohane  was  named  a  professor 
in  the  political  science  department.  Boast- 
ing an  array  of  civic,  educational,  and  cor- 
porate involvements,  she  is  a  trustee  of 
MIT,  the  Brookings  Institution,  the  Cen- 
ter for  Advanced  Study  of  the  Behavioral 
Sciences,  the  WGBH  Educational  Televi- 
sion Foundation,  and  the  Colonial  Wil- 
liamsburg Foundation,  and  is  on  the  board 
of  directors  of  IBM. 

Keohane  was  born  in  Blytheville,  Arkan- 
sas, to  a  Presbytetian-minister  father  and  a 
journalist  mother.  (Her  sister  is  editor  of 
the  Des  Moines  Register.)  Blytheville  is  just 
down  the  road  from  Bill  Clinton's  home- 
town of  Hope;  the  new  president  of  the 
United  States  and  the  president-to-be  of 
Duke  attended  the  same  high  school.  The 
closer  Clinton  connection  is  with  Hillary, 
a  Wellesley  trustee  and  a  1969  graduate. 
Keohane  is  married  to  Robert  Owen  Keo- 
hane, Stanfield  Professor  of  International 
Peace  in  the  department  of  government  at 
Harvard.  They  have  four  grown  children. 

Keohane  is  described  as  a  leader  who  is 


J  anua: 


February    I  993 


adept  at  forging  consensus  and  who  doesn't 
shrink  from  making  tough  decisions.  A 
student  commencement  speaker  cited  a 
"personal  demeanor"  that  makes  Keohane 
"accessible  to  everyone,  and  helps  to  rein- 
force Wellesley's  strong  sense  of  communi- 
ty." Wellesley  alumna,  philosophy  profes- 
sor, and  one-time  acting  president  Maud 
Hazeltine  Chaplin  calls  Keohane  "an 
unusually  effective  president"  who  "has 
realized  the  dream  of  the  theorist  as  leader: 
She  has  moved  people  and  ideas  to  actual 
accomplishments." 

Wellesley  officials  talk  about  the  tense 
racial  climate  produced  by  the  verdict  in 
last  spring's  Rodney  King  beating  case.  In 
the  wake  of  the  verdict,  Keohane  called  a 
campus-wide  "town  meeting."  In  1990,  a 
group  of  Wellesley  students  objected  to 
the  selection  of  Barbara  Bush  as  com- 
mencement speaker.  Some  in  the  media 
took  a  highly  critical — and  highly  sexist — 
view  of  the  student  criticism.  Keohane 
"turned  what  could  have  been  an  inane 
row  over  political  correctness  into  an  in- 
telligent debate  on  the  contemporary 
dilemmas  of  feminism,"  as  the  Winston- 
Salem  journal  put  it. 

At  Wellesley,  Keohane  has  achieved  "a 
tremendous  bond"  with  students,  says  Lau- 
rel Stavis,  the  college's  media  relations 
director.  "She  has  an  uncommon  ability  to 
knit  a  community  together,  even  after  that 
community  has  become  splintered." 

During  her  Duke  press  conference,  Keo- 
hane said  she  has  "a  good  bit  of  an 
appetite"  for  fund-raising.  As  Wellesley's 
president,  she  led  the  largest  fund-raising 
drive  in  the  history  of  America's  liberal 
arts  colleges.  The  $150  million  campaign 
exceeded  its  goal  by  more  than  $18  mil- 
lion. Today,  Wellesley  has  the  largest 
endowment  of  any  college  in  the  United 
States.  At  the  same  time,  Keohane  isn't 
averse  to  cost-cutting:  Largely  to  meet 
financial-aid  commitments,  she  introduced 
an  early-retirement  incentive  program.  Em- 
ployees who  were  fifty  years  old  or  older 
and  who  had  worked  at  the  college  for  ten 
years  or  longer  were  offered  a  generous  re- 
tirement package — a  cost-cutting  exercise 
that  represented  "little  pain  and  a  lot  of 
benefits,"  in  Stavis'  words. 

One  of  the  charges  to  Keohane  at  Duke, 
as  framed  by  the  trustees  and  the  search 
committee,  is  to  "formulate  and  articulate  a 
vision  of  what  the  university  should  be- 
come as  a  center  of  research,  teaching,  and 
service."  And  she  has  shown  herself  to  be 
an  academic  visionary.  In  the  fall  of  1991 
she  told  the  Stanford  Forum  that  "thinking 
broadly  about  the  course  of  an  institu- 
tion— past,  present,  and  future — is  the 
most  important  single  part  of  a  president's 
job."  If  presidents  are  doing  their  job  cor- 
rectly, she  added,  "we  have  priceless  access 


"She  has  an 

uncommon  ability  to 

knit  a  community 

together,  even  after  that 

community  has  been 

splintered." 


to  all  the  parts  of  a  complex  institution;  we 
feel  some  kinship  with  each  one,... and  we 
can  try  to  take  them  into  account  in  meld- 
ing a  vision  that  encompasses  the  whole." 

It  was  early  afternoon  on  Thursday, 
December  10,  when  Nan  Keohane  re- 
ceived the  confirming  phone  call  from 
search  committee  chair  John  Chandler. 
Duke's  trustees — meeting  a  day  earlier  than 
expected  by  most  observers  and  away  from 
their  usual  setting  of  the  Allen  Building 
Board  Room — had  been,  for  several  hours, 
reviewing  the  search  committee's  recom- 
mendations. Keohane  had  been  primed  to 
expect  a  call.  "She  didn't  know  whether  it 
would  be  a  happy  call  or  a  sad  call,"  Chan- 
dler says.  "She  said  she  was  delighted,  and 
greatly  honored." 

The  call,  and  the  public  announcement 
that  came  the  next  day,  followed  an  eight- 
month  search  that  began  with  a  letter  from 
Chandler  to  some  700  alumni,  friends,  fac- 
ulty members,  and  leaders  in  higher  educa- 
tion seeking  counsel  and  nominations. 
The  search  would  involve  consideration  of 
more  than  180  nominees — but  Chandler 
stresses  that  accumulating  huge  quantities 
of  candidates  wasn't  central  for  a  position 
that  so  very  few  could  be  expected  to  han- 
dle. Chandler,  former  president  of 
Williams  College  and  of  the  Association 
of  American  Colleges,  convened  his  eight- 
een-person  committee  about  once  a 
month.  There  were  "innumerable  other 
meetings,"  he  says,  involving  sub-groups  in 
activities  like  reference-checking  and 
interviewing. 

Chandler's  committee  studied  the  ar- 
chival records  of  Duke's  past  presidential 
searches,  and  it  met  with  trustee  emeritus 
John  Forlines  '39,  who  ran  the  most  recent 
search.  "Essentially,  this  search  was  mod- 
eled upon  the  last  one,"  Chandler  says,  in 
terms  of  the  group's  size  and  representa- 
tion. That  representation  included  the 
trustees,  faculty,  staff,  alumni,  local  commu- 
nity, and  undergraduate  and  graduate  student 
body.  The  committee  consulted  the  search 
committees  that  had  completed  their  work 
for  other  universities,  particularly  Harvard 
and  Stanford.  It  also  had  contacts  with  at 


least  one  active  search  committee,  at  Yale, 
but  conversations  centered  on  "process, 
not  people,"  Chandler  says. 

Chandler  was  very  much  aware  of  the 
competition  from  three  other  major  re- 
search universities — Yale,  Chicago,  and 
Columbia.  But  he  points  out  that  the  Yale 
and  Columbia  searches  hadn't  begun  when 
Duke's  committee  was  organized  last  spring. 
"We  had  a  good  head  start  and  we  main- 
tained it.  I  think  it's  fair  to  say  that  we  felt 
the  need  to  stick  to  our  timetable,  to  make 
sure  that  we  didn't  get  delayed."  Chicago 
finished  its  search  a  week  after  Duke,  nam- 
ing Princeton  provost  Hugo  F.  Sonnen- 
schein  as  its  president. 

Early  in  the  process,  the  search  commit- 
tee invited  ideas  for  what  amounted  to  a 
presidential  job  description.  The  commit- 
tee and  the  board  of  trustees  then  framed  a 
list  of  "Criteria  and  Qualifications  for  the 
Next  President  of  Duke  University." 
Among  the  many  agreed-on  characteris- 
tics: "the  willingness  to  confront  difficult 
issues  and  make  timely  decisions,  following 
appropriate  consultation";  "the  capacity  to 
become  a  national  spokesperson  for  higher 
education";  "the  willingness  to  be 
involved  in  alumni  activities  on  and  off 
the  campus  and  to  be  the  visible  symbol  of 
Duke  University";  "the  ability  and  desire 
to  attract  financial  support  to  the  universi- 
ty"; "the  ability  to  combine  seriousness  of 
purpose  with  occasional  indulgence  in 
charitable  amusement  at  follies  and 
ironies,  including  those  that  flourish  on  a 
university  campus  as  well  as  those  that 
characterize  the  broader  human  scene." 

"There  were  a  great  many  nominations 
in  response  to  advertisements,  but  the 
most  desirable  prospects  were  sought  out — 
they  did  not  throw  their  hats  into  the 
ring,"  says  Chandler.  "That's  just  the  way 
it  almost  always  goes,  that  the  people  who 
have  the  strongest  qualifications  are  well 
established  somewhere  else.  They  are  not 
looking  for  jobs,  in  fact."  For  this  search,  "I 
and  some  others  knew  a  good  many  of  the 
prospects — most  of  the  ones  who  we  were 
most  keenly  interested  in — so  it  wasn't 
that  difficult"  to  attract  them  into  the 
field.  "Usually  we  would  begin  with  a  quiet 
conversation  involving  only  a  couple  of 
members  of  the  committee;  sometimes 
only  I  was  involved  in  the  initial  contact. 
If  it  was  determined  that  we  wanted  to 
continue  the  conversation,  then  we  would 
expand  the  circle  of  committee  members 
who  were  included." 

Some  of  the  prospects  were  visited  at 
their  home  institutions,  Chandler  says.  And 
while  deflecting  a  question  about  possible 
visits  to  Duke's  campus,  he  says  that  some 
"had  an  opportunity  to  be  in  the  region." 

One  of  the  continuing  concerns  for 
Chandler  was  the  possibility  of  leaks  about 


44 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


the  search.  Just  before  Thanksgiving,  the 
Raleigh  News  and  Observer  named  a  pre- 
sumed four  finalists,  including  Keohane,  in 
a  front-page  story.  Chandler  says  the  story 
was  "very  upsetting"  without  acknowledg- 
ing its  accuracy,  and  suggests  that  it 
prompted  some  quick  efforts  to  ensure  that 
candidates  were  still  aboard.  "Once  that 
sort  of  speculation  starts  coming  out  in 
newspapers,  whether  there  is  any  sub- 
stance or  not  to  it,  things  can  come 
undone.  There  are  great  risks — that  candi- 
dates would  not  want  this  glare  of  publici- 
ty, that  they  would  come  under  enormous 
pressure  from  their  home  institutions,  that 
it  might  be  a  signal  to  other  institutions 
that  are  looking  as  to  where  Duke  stood, 
and  that  those  other  institutions  might 
change  their  strategy  and  timetable." 

The  story  was  never  picked  up  nationally 
or  even  state-wide,  which  surprised  many. 
But  Duke's  news  director,  Al  Rossiter  Jr., 
formerly  executive  editor  of  U.P.I.,  notes 
that  the  story  was  "unsourced";  and  in  his 
old  position  with  a  wire  service,  he  would 
have  dismissed  it.  Duke's  own  Chronicle 
reached  the  same  conclusion,  and  refused 
to  run  a  speculative  article.  The  Chronicle 
did  weigh  in  with  an  editorial  call  for  a 
Duke  outsider  as  president.  "An  external 
candidate  could  develop  a  team  of  people 
working  toward  [ambitious]  goals,"  said  the 
editorial,  while  an  internal  candidate 
"would  likely  remain  mired  in  the  inter- 
play of  egos  inherent  in  the  current 
administration." 

Chandler  says  that  the  Duke  presidency 
was  a  relatively  easy  "sell"  on  prospects.  "I 
think  Duke  is  perceived  correctly  and  very 
broadly  as  a  place  that  is  not  beleaguered 
by  financial  problems  and  other  problems. 
It's  a  place  that  is  constrained,  as  every 
place  is,  but  not  to  the  extent  that  it  can't 
reasonably  expect  continued  improvement 
and  progress.  It's  also  an  institution  with 
an  attractive  pliability.  That  is,  Duke  is 
still  developing;  it's  not  at  a  plateau." 

Already  a  national  figure,  Keohane  "was 
known  to  several  members  of  the  commit- 
tee," Chandler  says,  "and  she  was  nomi- 
nated by  numerous  persons  from  on  the 
campus  and  off  the  campus.  And  we  were 
aware  that  she  had  been  high  on  the  list  at 
Harvard  and  Stanford." 

Chandler  first  met  Keohane  when  she 
became  president  of  Wellesley.  At  the  time, 
Keohane's  daughter  was  attending  Williams, 
where  Chandler  was  president.  "I  became 
very  much  impressed  by  how  she  scouted 
Williams.  She  was  constantly  quizzing  me 
about  how  we  handled  problems,  how  we 
did  things,"  in  order  to  sharpen  her  own 
skills  in  the  presidency.  Chandler  also  says 
the  committee  was  struck  by  the  level  of 
Keohane's  preparation  and  the  incisive- 
ness  of  her  questions  during  their  conver- 


Keohane  had  been 
primed  to  expect 

a  phone  call. 

"She  didn't  know 

whether  it  would  be 

a  happy  call  or 

a  sad  call." 


sations  with  her. 

"As  president  of  Wellesley  and  in  other 
ways,  she  has  been  deeply  committed  to 
undergraduate  education,  so  we  knew  she 
would  pay  close  attention  to  undergradu- 
ate education  at  Duke.  We  heard  very 
compelling  testimony  from  many  quarters 
about  her  public  skills  in  dealing  with  the 
press,  dealing  with  alumni,  approaching 
foundations.  She  is  committed  to  interna- 
tionalizing Duke:  As  a  member  of  the 
board  of  IBM,  she  is  tied  in  with  one  of 
the  world's  great  international  business 
organizations,  and  she  has  taken  the  initia- 
tive at  Wellesley  in  developing  programs 
of  international  study.  She  has  a  very  good 
track  record  in  dealing  with  the  town  of 
Wellesley,  and  we  thought  it  was  impor- 
tant that  the  president  of  Duke  be  able  to 
relate  effectively  to  civic  and  political 
leaders.  She  thinks  hard  and  speaks  effec- 
tively about  issues  in  higher  education  that 
go  beyond  her  own  institution.  And  we 
are  confident  that  with  the  much  bigger 
platform  of  Duke,  she  will  be  one  of  the 
pre-eminent  national  spokespersons  for 
higher  education." 

During  the  search,  Chandler  had  asked 
Duke's  senior  vice  president  for  public 
affairs,  John  F.  Burness,  to  think  about 
how  Duke  should  position  itself  for  the 
announcement  of  a  new  president.  They 
discussed  a  wide  range  of  approaches — 
how  to  deal  with  possible  leaks,  which 
days  of  the  week  might  be  best  for  holding 
a  press  conference,  how  to  get  word  of  the 
choice  to  alumni  given  the  unlikelihood  of 
a  timely  story  in  Duke  Magazine.  Chandler 
determined  that  the  announcement  would 
be  made  in  the  Rare  Book  Room  of  Perkins 
Library,  not  in  the  traditional  setting  of 
the  Allen  Building  Board  Room,  in  order 
to  reinforce  the  intellectual  strength  of 
Duke  and  of  the  new  president.  (News 
director  Rossiter  discovered  that  Duke  had 
no  table-top  lectern  with  a  Duke  seal.  He 
pressed  the  university's  carpentry  opera- 
tion into  quick  service.) 

Dozens  of  press  packets  would  be  put 


together.  Some  of  the  material  would  be 
about  Duke  and  not  "candidate-depen- 
dent," as  Burness  puts  it,  and  so  could  be 
prepared  well  in  advance  of  the  choice.  A 
biography  of  the  new  president,  tributes 
from  colleagues  of  the  individual  selected, 
and  statements  from  Chandler,  committee 
vice-chair  Philip  Stewart,  trustee  chair  P.J. 
Baugh  '54,  and  others  involved  in  the 
search  would  be  added.  Most  of  the  na- 
tion's education  reporters  couldn't  reason- 
ably attend  the  Friday  press  conference; 
they  would  be  express-mailed  the  press 
packets  that  Thursday  evening.  The  Satur- 
day after  the  Friday  announcement,  a  spe- 
cial edition  of  Duke  Dialogue,  the  faculty- 
staff  newspaper,  would  be  distributed  on 
campus  and  mailed  to  alumni  by  Monday. 
To  compress  the  production  schedule,  much 
of  the  Dialogue  material,  too — for  example, 
on  the  challenges  facing  the  new  presi- 
dent— was  written  well  before  the 
announcement.  A  letter  from  Baugh 
would  be  sent  Friday  by  fax  to  alumni  lead- 
ers and  other  friends  of  the  university. 

Following  Chandler's  phone  call  to 
Wellesley,  the  plan  was  for  Keohane  and 
her  husband  to  board  a  plane  to  Raleigh- 
Durham  airport.  Flight  and  hotel  reserva- 
tions already  had  been  made  for  the  presi- 
dential finalists,  all  in  false  names,  to  avoid 
tipping  off  a  prying  press.  But  weather  con- 
ditions did  not  cooperate:  The  Northeast 
and  New  England  were  hit  by  the  most  vio- 
lent rain-  and  wind-storm  in  more  than  four 
decades,  making  havoc  of  the  commercial- 
flight  schedule.  One  of  Duke's  trustees  vol- 
unteered the  use  of  a  private  plane;  and  the 
Keohanes  were  in  Durham  late  Thursday 
night.  Keohane  packed  a  portable  comput- 
er, which  she  used  to  write  her  statement 
for  Friday.  She  also  managed  to  work  in  an 
early-morning  jog  in  Duke  Forest. 

After  the  press  conference,  Keohane 
joined  student  government  president  and 
search  committee  member  Hardy  Vieux  '93 
for  introductions  on  the  West-East  shuttle 
bus,  and  a  tour — featuring  such  novelties  as 
a  Duke  Card-accessible  soda  machine — 
around  East  Campus.  Then  she  was  on  the 
phone  with  the  Boston  Globe,  Boston  radio 
stations,  and  The  New  York  Times.  On 
Duke's  reputation  as  an  "intellectual  hot- 
house," Keohane  told  Times  reporter 
Anthony  DePalma,  "To  talk  about  how  we 
frame  the  knowledge  we  impart  is  central 
to  any  university.  I  would  hope  that  we 
have  the  opportunity  to  continue  to  do  so 
within  some  bounds  of  civility." 

DePalma  also  brought  Keohane  around 
to  discussing  Duke  athletics.  With  appro- 
priate effusiveness,  Duke's  next  president 
said,  "I  look  forward  to  cheering  for  the 
Blue  Devils." 

— Robert  J.  Blkvise 


]  anu  a 


F  e  h  i 


1993 


Moving  portrait:  from  the  mansion  to  the  museum 


THE  SPANISH 
ACQUISTION 


ary  Duke  Biddle,  the  grand- 
daughter of  Washington  Duke, 
the  benefactor  for  whom  Duke 
University  is  named,  is  the  subject  of  an 
oil  portrait  painted  by  the  Spanish  master 
Joaquin  Sorolla  y  Bastida  and  recently 
acquired  by  Duke's  Museum  of  Art. 

The  full-length  portrait  of  Mary  Lillian 
Duke  at  age  nineteen  was  painted  in  1911 
at  the  pinnacle  of  Sorolla's  career.  It  is  one 
of  four  Duke  family  member  portraits  com- 
missioned by  the  late  Benjamin  N.  Duke, 
one  of  Washington  Duke's  sons. 

Once  hung  in  the  New  York  City  home 
of  the  Duke  family,  the  Sorolla  painting 
was  transferred  to  the  Duke  museum  this 
summer.  The  son  of  Mary  Duke  Biddle, 
Nicholas  Biddle,  gave  the  portrait  to  the 
museum,  continuing  a  long  tradition  of  sup- 
port for  the  art  museum  by  the  Duke  family. 

"The  acquisition  of  this  stunning  exam- 
ple of  work  by  the  tum-of-the-century 
master,  Sorolla,  is  a  major  coup  for  the 


museum,"  says  museum  director  Michael 
Mezzatesta.  "This  painting  is  of  great  his- 
torical importance  to  Duke  and  represents 
one  of  the  finest  examples  of  Sorolla's 
work  in  the  Southeast." 

A  unanimously-elected  member  of  the 
Real  Academia  de  Bellas  Artes  (The  Royal 
Academy  of  Fine  Arts)  de  San  Fernando 
in  Madrid,  Sorolla  was  the  most  famous 
Spanish  realist  painter  at  the  turn  of  the 
century,  says  Jill  Meredith,  associate  cura- 
tor at  the  Duke  museum.  The  painting  is 
in  keeping  with  the  "nineteenth-century 
tradition  of  feminine  beauty  depicted  to 
equally  flatter  the  subject  and  please  the 
eye  of  the  beholder,"  says  Meredith. 


SYMPHONY 
SLEUTH 

A  Duke  graduate  student  in  musicol- 
ogy  has  discovered  a  revised  version 
of  Felix  Mendelssohn-Bartholdy's 
Italian  Symphony,  and  it  was  given  its  world 
premiere  by  the  Santa  Fe  Symphony  Or- 
chestra in  November. 

John  Michael  Cooper,  a  former  Ful- 
bright  scholar  and  a  Ph.D.  candidate  at 
Duke,  came  across  sketches  of  the  sympho- 
ny, one  of  Mendelssohn's  best-known 
works,  three  years  ago  while  conducting 
research  in  Berlin  on  Mendelssohn's  com- 
positions, performance  history,  and  musi- 
cal autographs.  He  says  he  quickly  recog- 
nized fragments  of  the  Italian  Symphony 
and  began  a  slow  process  of  checking  dele- 
tions, corrections,  and  chronology  to  iden- 
tify the  version  as  the  more  recent  one. 

Cooper  contends  that  Mendelssohn  left 
this  revision  of  the  work  unpublished 
because  he  was  unable  to  rework  the  first 
movement  to  his  satisfaction  during  his 
final  grappling  with  the  piece  in  1834.  He 
says  Mendelssohn  rejected  such  a  sure-fire 
hit  as  the  Italian  Symphony  because  of  his 
"exacting  standards  and  the  tormented 
self-doubts  that  plagued  him  throughout 
his  musical  maturity." 

The  work  was  begun  during  Mendels- 
sohn's Italian  sojourn  in  1830-31,  but  its 
composition  came  to  a  halt  almost  imme- 
diately. An  1832  commission  by  the  Phil- 
harmonic Society  of  London  renewed  the 
composer's  creative  spark  and  began  an- 
other phase   of  structural  revisions,   says 


Cooper.  The  composer  conducted  the  pre- 
miere himself  in  1833  in  London,  but 
began  new  revisions  of  its  final  three 
movements  a  year  later.  He  confided  to 
associates  and  his  sister,  Fanny,  that  he 
was  unable  to  get  the  first  movement  right, 
and  set  the  piece  aside,  never  performing  it 
again  and  never  publishing  it.  In  1851, 
four  years  after  the  composer's  untimely 
death,  his  estate  published  the  original 
version  as  the  Fourth  Symphony ,  Opus  90. 

Ironically,  says  Cooper,  the  movement 
Mendelssohn  couldn't  "fix,"  the  first 
movement,  has  become  the  signature  of 
the  Italian  Symphony  for  modern  audiences. 


Sharpe:  ancient  books  as  "cultural  emblems" 


LEARNING 
VOLUMES 


Scholars  studying  the  world's  oldest 
known  bound  book,  a  1,600-year- 
old  Book  of  Psalms  discovered  by 
Egyptian  archaeologists  in  a  poor  Christian 
cemetery  outside  Cairo  eight  years  ago, 
have  painted  a  sophisticated  picture  of  the 
artistry  used  in  publishing  in  late  fourth- 
century  Cairo. 

John  L.  Sharpe  III  B.D.  '65,  Ph.D.  '69, 
Duke's  academic  librarian  for  research  af- 
fairs and  an  authority  on  the  history  of 
books,  says  that  there's  more  to  a  book 
than  what's  between  its  covers.  "A  book  is 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


not  a  single  artifact  that  sits  alone,"  says 
Sharpe.  "Looking  at  a  book  is  like  looking 
at  a  keyhole  to  antiquity." 

"No  single  object  is  as  complex  cultural- 
ly, technically,  or  artistically  as  the  book. 
A  cultural  emblem  like  no  other,  the  book 
synthesizes  completely  the  ideas  and  tech- 
nologies of  a  society." 

Sharpe  says  that  he  was  in  Egypt  study- 
ing wooden  tablets  at  the  Dakhleh  dig  site 
soon  after  the  Book  of  Psalms  was  found  at 
Al-Mudil  in  late  1984-  He  stopped  to  view 
the  ancient  book,  which  is  bound  between 
wooden  covers  and  stitched  with  leather, 
before  any  significant  research  had  been 
done  on  it.  Sharpe  describes  the  book  as  7 
inches  high  by  5  inches  wide,  having  163 
parchment  pages,  and  written  in  "beautiful 
hand"  in  a  little-known  Coptic  dialect. 

The  materials  used  to  make  the  book 
reconfirm  existing  knowledge  of  trade  and 
production  practices,  says  Sharpe.  For  exam- 
ple, early  techniques  to  cure  the  animal 
skins  used  to  make  parchment  involved 
dates,  limes,  and  urine. 

The  book  from  Al-Mudil  is  now  dis- 
played in  Cairo's  Coptic  Museum. 


BUSING 
TRAGEDY 


A  Trinity  freshman  was  killed  in 
November  when  she  fell  from  the 
aisle  of  a  Duke  Transit  bus,  after 
apparently  losing  her  balance  and  falling 
backwards  against  the  bus'  rear  doors. 

Eighteen-year-old  Amy  Geissinger,  from 
Pelham,  New  York,  fell  out  of  the  bus  as  it 
turned  from  Trent  Drive  onto  Erwin  Road, 
and  was  struck  by  the  bus'  rear  wheels. 
Transit  officials  said  the  doors  on  the  bus 
were  held  closed  by  air  pressure  and  that 
Geissinger's  falling  against  them  could 
have  forced  them  open. 

President  H.  Keith  H.  Brodie  directed 
Duke's  safety  task  force  to  review  all  aspects 
of  the  accident  as  well  as  Duke's  bus  opera- 
tions. The  university  also  hired  an  indepen- 
dent consulting  engineering  firm,  Accident 
Reconstruction  Analysis,  Inc.,  of  Raleigh, 
to  assist  the  investigation.  The  company 
specializes  in  accident  reconstruction  and 
structural  and  mechanical  failure  analysis. 

Thomas  Dixon,  vice  president  for 
administrative  services,  is  chair  of  the  task 
force,  a  standing  panel  made  up  of  repre- 
sentatives from  around  campus.  The  task 
force  has  received  technical  guidance  from 
Duke  mechanical  engineering  professor 
George  Pearsall,  an  expert  on  product  safe- 
ty design.  Pearsall  contacted  the  National 
Highway  Safety  Traffic  Administration  to 
invite  federal  engineers  to  participate  in 
the  task  force's  review. 


UNCLE  TERRY  RETURNS 


Outgoing  Sena- 
tor Terry  San- 
ford,  Democ- 
rat of  North  Carolina, 
will  return  to  Duke 
next  fall  as  a  professor 
at  the  Duke  public 
policy  institute  which 
bears  his  name. 

Sanford's  ten-year, 
renewable  appoint- 
ment as  professor  of 
the  practice  of  public 
policy  began  in  Janu- 
ary at  the  Terry  San- 
ford  Institute  of  Pub- 
lic Policy.  "We 
welcome  not  only 


[Sanford's]  teaching 
contributions  but  also 
his  wide-ranging 
expertise  and  general 
participation  in 
departmental  activi- 
ties," says  Malcolm 
Gillis,  dean  of  the 
faculty. 

A  former  North 
Carolina  governor, 
Sanford  lost  his  sena- 
torial seat  to  Republi- 
can Lauch  Faircloth  in 
the  November  election. 
Sanford  was  Duke's 
president  from  1 969 
to  1985.  When  the  ap- 


Following  the  accident,  professionals 
from  Counseling  and  Psychological  Ser- 
vices, the  religious  life  staff,  and  other 
Duke  support  services  met  with  students 
in  their  residence  halls.  Some  1,500  mem- 
bers of  the  university  community  filled 
the  chapel  for  a  memorial  service  for 
Geissinger;  members  of  the  Geissinger 
family  were  among  those  present.  In  the 
ceremony,  Geissinger,  who  sang  with  the 
Duke  Chapel  Choir,  was  remembered 
through  poems,  reflections,  hymns,  and 
two  anthems  from  Handel's  Messiah, 
which  she  was  practicing  with  the  chapel 
choir  at  the  time  of  her  death.  The  univer- 
sity will  fund  a  Duke  Chapel  Choir  schol- 
arship in  memory  of  Geissinger. 

According  to  Duke  Transit  officials,  the 
General  Motors  RTS  model  involved  in  the 
accident  is  one  of  the  most  common  buses 
in  use  in  the  United  States.  It  was  purchased 
by  Duke  in  June  1991  and  had  passed  a  safe- 
ty inspection  in  the  month  before  the  acci- 
dent. In  the  wake  of  the  accident,  Duke 
removed  all  four  of  its  RTS  models  from  ser- 
vice, put  replacement  buses  into  service, 
and  posted  reminders  to  bus  passengers  to 
take  reasonable  safery  precautions  and  to 
avoid  standing  in  the  aisle  neat  doors. 

In  late  December,  the  safety  task  force 
issued  a  preliminary  report  that  blamed  the 
accident  on  a  "defectively  designed  door  " 
that  opened  when  Geissinget  fell  against  it 
as  the  bus  turned.  The  panel  found  "no 
evidence  that  crowding  contributed  to  the 
accident,"  and  also  concluded  that  "the 
driver  acted  properly"  in  all  respects.  The 
task  force  conclusion  was  similar  to  the 
findings  from  the  Durham  Police,  which 
also  investigated  the  accident. 

A  similar  accident  involving  an  RTS 
model  bus  occurred  in  March  1990  in 
Washington,  D.C.,  when  three  women 
were  injured  aftet  falling  from  a  bus  as  it 
rounded  a  turn.  The  National  Highway 
Safety  Traffic  Administration  has  begun  a 
safety  investigation  of  RTS  buses. 


pointment  was  an- 
nounced at  a 
luncheon  organized 
by  Duke's  public  poL 
icy  institute,  Sanford 
said,  "I  would,  any 
time,  trade  six  years 
in  the  Senate  for  this 
occasion." 

Sanford  was  last 
featured  in  the 
December-Janu- 
ary 1989-90 
Duke  Magazine 
and  profiled 
earlier  in  the 
May-June  1985  issue 


CHANGE  OF 
HEART 


Janu, 


r-Febi 


1  993 


Why  are  one  in  five  patients  who 
receive  heart  treatment  likely 
to  retire  early?  Using  a  model 
that  considers  such  factors  as  psychological 
state,  race,  and  age,  cardiologists  at  Duke 
Medical  Center  say  they  can  predict  which 
heart  patients  will  not  return  to  work, 
even  though  they  may  be  healthy  enough 
to  do  so. 

The  single  most  important  predictor  is 
the  patient's  own  assessment  of  how  well 
he  or  she  can  function;  true  medical  status 
does  not  figure  prominently  in  the  model. 
More  than  1,200  coronary  artery  disease 
patients  at  Duke  were  studied  to  develop 
the  prediction  method,  which  then  was 
tested  successfully  on  about  400  more 
patients. 

"The  message  here  is  that  a  doctor's  job 
is  not  always  done  once  work  on  the 
plumbing  is  finished.  What  patients  think 
they  can  do  and  what  doctors  think  they 
can  do  is  not  always  the  same  thing,"  says 
Daniel  Mark,  assistant  professor  of  cardiol- 
ogy and  the  lead  author  of  the  report. 
"Physicians  need  to  be  awate  that  some 
patients  come  to  regard  themselves  as 
damaged,  and  it  is  possible  that  in  many  of 
these  patients,  the  impairment  is  more 
cognitive  than  physiological." 

Patients'  race,  age,  and  education  were 
three  of  the  most  powerful  factors  among 
those  who  were  no  longer  employed  one 
year  after  their  heart  surgery,  says  Mark. 
Those  who  were  black  and  those  who  were 
older  were  less  likely  to  return  to  work. 
And  those  with  more  education  were  more 
likely  to  return  to  work  because  they  had 
jobs  they  considered  more  satisfying. 

The  model  relies  little  on  clinical  assess- 
ments of  the  patient;  only  20  percent  of 
the    predictive    information    is   based    on 


47 


medical  factors  such  as  the  presence  of 
congestive  heart  failure  and  evidence  of 
vascular  disease  outside  of  the  heart.  Re- 
searchers say  also  that  the  type  of  heart 
treatment  does  not  influence  patients' 
return  to  the  work  force. 

Physicians  can  use  the  model  to  identify 
high-risk  patients  with  the  most  to  gain 
from  counseling  or  other  intervention 
designed  to  help  them  return  to  work,  says 
Mark.  "Some  of  these  factors  can't  be 
changed,  such  as  age  and  race.  But  that 
doesn't  mean  that  special  attention  to 
these  patients  can't  overcome  what  may  be 
social  barriers  to  job  productivity." 


INTERNATIONAL 
HONORS 


Physiologist  Knut  Schmidt-Nielsen, 
James  B.  Duke  Professor  Emeritus  of 
Zoology,  has  been  awarded  the 
world's  highest  honor  in  biology  for  his 
discoveries,  which  include  findings  on 
how  gulls  can  thrive  on  seawater  and  how 
camels  can  survive  without  water. 

The  International  Prize  for  Biology, 
which  carries  an  award  of  10  million  yen 
(about  $80,000),  was  instituted  in  1985  by 
the  Japanese  Society  for  the  Promotion  of 
Science,  in  part  because  the  Nobel  prizes 
honor  medicine  or  physiology,  but  not 
biology. 

Schmidt-Nielsen's  field  experiments 
have  ranged  from  tying  humidity  gauges  to 
the  tails  of  kangaroo  rats  to  study  the  con- 
ditions in  their  burrows,  to  fitting  camels 
with  face  masks  to  measure  the  moisture  in 
their  exhalations. 

In  1953,  Schmidt-Nielsen  and  his  col- 
leagues launched  a  year-long  expedition  to 
the  Sahara  to  solve  the  mystery  of  the 
camel's  resistance  to  dehydration.  They 
bought  and  rented  camels  and  made  de- 
tailed measurements  of  the  animals'  water 
balance,  finding  that  camels  do  not  store 
water  in  their  humps  or  stomachs.  Rather, 
they  conserve  water  by  allowing  their  body 
heat  to  rise  in  the  daytime  without  sweat- 
ing, and  they  possess  a  thick  fur  that  insu- 
lates against  the  heat.  Partly  because  of 
such  water-conserving  abilities,  camels  can 
go  for  two  months  without  drinking  at  all 
in  winter,  and  can  quickly  make  up  water 
loss  by  drinking  some  twenty-seven  gallons 
of  water  in  ten  minutes. 

In  another  experiment,  Schmidt-Nielsen 
discovered  how  sea  birds  could  exist  with- 
out fresh  water.  After  giving  it  a  dose  of 
sea  water,  he  placed  a  herring  gull  in  a 
meticulously  clean  plastic  garbage  pail  to 
catch  the  excreta,  aiming  to  measure  the 
salt  content  to  discover  whether  the  ani- 
mal was  excreting  it. 


However,  after  he  placed  the  first  bird 
in  the  pail,  he  noticed  a  drop  of  water  on 
the  side.  He  cleaned  it  off,  thinking  it  had 
been  overlooked.  "I  looked  away,  then 
looked  back,  and  there  was  another  drop.  I 
tested  a  sample,  and  it  was  a  highly  con- 
centrated salt  solution."  He  concluded 
that  the  bird  was  excreting  the  salt 
through  a  gland — whose  function  was  pre- 
viously unknown — above  its  eye,  dripping 
off  the  bird's  beak  and  into  the  pail. 


Schmidt-Nielsen:  solving  biological  puzzles 


MALCOLM'S 
MESSAGE 

Young  people  should  look  past  the 
hype  surrounding  Spike  Lee's  movie 
on  Malcolm  X,  the  late  black  na- 
tionalist leader,  and  examine  the  sub- 
stance of  Malcolm  X  and  his  message,  says 
William  Turner,  a  Duke  professor  and 
director  of  black  church  affairs  at  the 
divinity  school. 

"What  is  most  important  about  Mal- 
colm X  is  his  life,  his  evolution,  his  con- 
version. He  became  a  different  person;  he 
went  from  a  life  of  pushing  and  hustling 
and  jail  to  become  a  productive,  focused, 
caring,  compassionate  person,"  says  Turner. 
"I  hope  youngsters  will  focus  not  on  his 
flair  and  charisma  but  on  the  fact  that 
Malcolm  X  underwent  a  religious  conver- 
sion, was  transfigured,  and  became  a  per- 
son of  discipline.  If  we  look  at  his  life  and 
miss  the  substance,  this  will  all  have  been 
a  foolish  venture." 

Despite  their  diverse  styles  and  their  dif- 
fering audiences,  the  substance  of  Malcolm 


X  is  not  unlike  that  of  another  slain  black 
hero — Martin  Luther  King  Jr.,  says  Turner. 
"Malcolm  was  a  hero  to  us  because  of  his 
critique  of  the  culture  and  because  of  his 
boldness;  his  language  was  one  of  dignity.... 
But  he  and  Martin  Luther  King  Jr.  weren't 
that  far  apart  in  what  they  believed.  They 
weren't  looking  at  different  realities  but 
through  different  lenses,"  he  says. 

Turner  also  contends  that,  contrary  to 
popular  belief,  Malcolm  X,  known  for  his 
street-wise  and  straightforward  speeches, 
never  called  blacks  to  racial  violence. 
"Malcolm  X  didn't  lead  any  violent  rebel- 
lions, didn't  throw  any  Molotov  cocktails, 
or  shoot  people  down,"  says  Turner.  "What 
he  did  was  present  a  challenge  to  non-vio- 
lence as  the  only  way,  which  was  no  differ- 
ent than  other  Christian  theologians  who 
quarreled  with  King  over  the  identity 
between  non-violence  and  Christian  love. 

"There  was  a  sense  in  which  Malcolm's 
similar  critiques  were  overlaid  with  the 
public  image  of  the  Nation  of  Islam — 
black  Muslims  were  seen  as  dangerous  rad- 
icals. It  was  not  correct  to  put  black  Mus- 
lims in  the  same  category  as  the  Black 
Panthers." 


TALKING  ABOUT 
CHANGE 


Senator  Edward  M.  Kennedy,  Demo- 
crat of  Massachusetts,  in  a  Decem- 
ber talk  at  Duke,  compared  the 
promise  of  Bill  Clinton's  presidency  with 
that  of  his  late  brother.  "John  Kennedy  got 
the  country  moving  again  and  so  will  Bill 
Clinton,"  he  said. 

Kennedy  predicted  that  Clinton  will 
accent  his  theme  of  change  by  supporting 
the  Family  Leave  Act  and  the  Freedom  of 
Choice  Act.  He  said  that  Clinton  and  the 
Congress  will  work  together  to  reduce  the 
deficit,  but  speculated  that  the  task  could 
take  up  to  ten  years,  about  twice  as  long  as 
Clinton's  estimate. 

Declaring  that  "the  last  thing  America 
needs  in  the  Nineties  is  another  'me' 
decade,"  Kennedy,  a  member  of  the  Senate 
for  thirty  years  and  chair  of  the  Senate 
Labor  and  Human  Resources  Committee, 
challenged  those  in  his  audience  to 
enlarge  the  scope  of  their  community 
involvement.  Reflecting  on  the  formation 
of  the  Peace  Corps  under  President 
Kennedy,  he  said  that  Clinton  will  inspire 
a  similar  urge  to  serve  the  country.  "You 
did  not  make  the  world  you  live  in,  but 
you  have  the  power  to  change  it,"  he  said. 

In  a  similar  call  to  action,  William 
Greider,  chief  political  correspondent 
for  Rolling  Stone  magazine,  urged  students 
to  "engage  the  larger  realities  of  your  time" 


48 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


when  he  addressed  a  Duke  audience  in 
November. 

Today's  college  students,  said  Greider, 
are  "on  the  brink  of  an  exciting  and  per- 
haps excruciating  period  of  history."  The 
nation  is  ripe  for  change,  he  said,  citing  the 
end  of  the  cold  war  and  the  shrinking  of 
defense  spending,  the  emerging  global 
economy,  a  "systemic  breakdown"  in  gov- 
ernment, and  the  candidacy  of  independent 
Ross  Perot.  Greider  called  Perot  a  "very  cre- 
ative force"  in  energizing  the  electorate. 

Greider  ascribed  the  breakdown  in  gov- 
ernment to  several  factors,  including  lack 
of  leadership  in  Washington  and  a  with- 
drawal from  politics  on  the  part  of  Ameri- 
cans. He  said  citizens  cannot  allow  them- 
selves to  be  reduced  to  spectators  in  the 
political  arena;  otherwise,  the  leadership 
gap  will  continue  to  be  filled  by  corpora- 
tions and  interest  groups.  "Cynicism  and 
caution  will  not  save  you.  There  is  no 
place  to  hide,"  he  said,  referring  to  a  dra- 
matic demonstration  of  social  disarray — 
the  recent  riots  in  Los  Angeles. 

Greider,  author  of  the  best-selling  book 
Who  Will  Tell  the  People:  The  Betrayal  of 
American  Democracy,  credited  Bill  Clin- 
ton's ability  to  focus  on  the  concerns  of 
the  American  people  as  the  key  to  his  vic- 
tory in  November.  Looking  forward  to  the 
Clinton  administration,  he  said,  "We  have 
the  right  to  be  hopeful." 


HOLLYWOOD 
SOUTH 


Cast  and  crew  members  of  the  upcom- 
ing movie  The  Program  spoke  to  stu- 
dents in  November,  between  shoot- 
ing scenes  for  the  film  in  Perkins  Library, 
Few  Quad,  classroom  buildings,  and  at  the 
West  Campus  bus  stop. 

Actors  James  Caan,  Craig  Sheffer  of  A 
River  Runs  Through  7t,  Kristy  Swanson  of 
Buffy,  the  Vampire  Slayer,  Halle  Berry  of 
Boomerang,  and  Omar  Epps  of  Juice  are  fea- 
tured in  the  film,  which  addresses  the  prob- 
lem of  steroid  use  by  a  college  athlete.  It 
centers  on  the  quarterback,  played  by  Shef- 
fer, whose  gridiron  teammate  takes  steroids 
and  then  becomes  violent  with  a  woman. 

The  screenwriters  of  The  Program  re- 
searched college  football  at  other  universi- 
ties but  came  to  Duke  just  before  Thanks- 
giving for  the  actual  shooting,  transforming 
West  Campus  into  "Eastern  State  Univer- 
sity," complete  with  ESU  flags  and  a  wolf 
statue. 

Students  were  invited  to  become  extras 
in  the  movie,  which  is  due  for  release  next 
fall.  Duke  was  paid  $1,500  per  day  for  ap- 
proximately seventeen  days  of  on-location 
shooting. 


EXPLORING 
METHODISM 


Researchers  at  Duke's  divinity  school 
have  been  awarded  a  three-year, 
$599,335  grant  for  a  project  on 
American  Methodism. 

Professors  Dennis  M.  Campbell  and 
Russell  E.  Richey  will  head  up  a  team  of 
researchers  from  Duke  and  across  the 
country.  The  project  will  also  include  a 
group  of  young  Methodist  leaders  in  a 
development  program  designed  to  project 
policy  directives  in  relation  to  researchers' 
findings. 

Campbell  '67,  Ph.D.  73,  who  is  dean  of 
the  divinity  school,  and  Richey  describe 
Methodism  as  one  of  America's  "most  dom- 
inant religious  traditions."  "We  hypothe- 
size that  religion  in  America  cannot  be 
understood  without  a  thorough  compre- 
hension of  the  nature  of  Methodism,"  says 
Richey.  "Yet,  with  some  exceptions,  the 
bearing  of  Methodism  on  American  cul- 
ture and  of  American  culture  on  Method- 
ism has  gone  unexplored." 

The  project  will  produce  a  number  of 
publications,  including  studies  by  both 
Campbell  and  Richey,  collaborative  vol- 
umes, articles,  and  research  papers. 


Have  A 

Ball! 

At  The  DukeTennis  Camp. 

Ages  8-18,  sign  up  for  one  week 
sessions  available... 
June  13-18, 19-24,  26-Julyl 
Jufy5-10, 11-16,  17-22 
Residential  or  day  camp.  Ratio  1:4. 

Jay  Lapidus,  mens  coach.  I<  irmerlv  tup  3i  i  in  the  world; 

1991 ACC  Coach  of  the  Year.  #9  NCAA  Preseason  Team 

Ranking. 

Geoff  Macdonald,  («»??«?*' awe/?,  formerly  ton  20(1  in  the 

world;  1992  ACC  Coach  of  the  Year.  #4  NCAA  Preseason 

Team  Ranking. 

Duke  Tennis  Camp  Administrative  Office 

P.O.  Box  2553  Durham.  NC  27715-2553 
919-471-8268  OR 


DUKE 

Safe,  serious  weight  loss  through 

lifestyle  change.  Personalized  care  from 

Duke  physicians  and  health  professionals. 


Diet  and  Fitness  Center 

Duke  University  Medical  Center 
804  W.  Trinity  Avenue 
Durham,  NC  27701 
800-362-8446 


Jam 


■Feb, 


y    1993 


BOUQUETS  AND 
BRICKBATS 


David  C.  Sabiston  Jr.,  surgery  chair 
at  the  medical  center,  and  Duke 
president  emeritus  and  outgoing 
U.S.  Senator  Terry  Sanford  received  the 
seventh  annual  University  Medals  for  Dis- 
tinguished Meritorious  Service  at  Duke. 
The  medals  were  awarded  by  Duke  presi- 
dent H.  Keith  H.  Brodie  during  Decem- 
ber's Founders'  Day  ceremonies. 

Sabiston,  James  B.  Duke  Professor  and 
chair  of  surgery  for  twenty-eight  years,  has 
been  president  and  chair  of  all  the  major 


American  surgical  associations.  Among  his 
honors  are  the  American  Heart  Associa- 
tion Scientific  Council's  Distinguished 
Service  Award,  the  Michael  E.  DeBakey 
Award  for  Outstanding  Achievement,  the 
North  Carolina  Award  in  Science,  the 
College  Medal  from  the  American  College 
of  Chest  Physicians,  and  the  Distinguished 
Teacher  Award  in  the  Clinical  Sciences, 
presented  by  the  national  medical  honor 
society  Alpha  Omega  Alpha  and  the  Asso- 
ciation of  American  Medical  Colleges. 

Sanford,  a  former  North  Carolina  gover- 
nor elected  to  the  Senate  in  1986,  was 
president  of  Duke  for  fifteen  years.  His 
achievements  at  Duke  included  the  cre- 


s 


CAMERON  CAMPING  CRAZIES 


HHH 


riday  afternoon, 
December  4,  the 
day  before  the 
clash  of  basketball 
titans  at  Cameron 
Indoor  Stadium:  top- 
ranked  Michigan  and 
fourth-ranked  Duke, 
in  a  hotly-awaited 
early-season  show- 
down that's  a  rematch 
}   of  last  year's  champi- 
|   onship  game.  The 
i   sixth  man  (and 
■  woman)  of  Duke's 
!   basketball  team  has 
been  camping  out  for 
seats  (students  get  in 
first-come,  first- 
|   served)  for  a  full  week 
now,  in  near-freezing 
temperatures. 
Sophomore 
Sandeep  Bhatia  and 
'   first-year  student  Kris- 
|    ten  Ness  are  in  tent 
number  seven  of  the 
approximately  175 
strewn  across  the  lawn 
near  the  Cameron 
parking  lot  and  the 
tennis  courts.  Their 
tent  is  a  specially- 
ordered,  blue-and- 
white  model  from  L.L. 
Bean,  remarkably 


r  in  appearance 
to  most  of  the  others 
that  surround  it.  But 
inside,  it  looks  like 
Bhatia,  Ness,  and 
eight  of  their  friends 
have  been  camping 
for  a  week:  piles  of 
blankets,  sleeping 
bags,  and  mattresses,  a 
lantern,  a  stray  text- 
book or  two,  and  the 
remnants  of  several 
meals. 

There's  a  relaxed 
atmosphere,  too. 
While  finals  are  only  a 
week  away,  Bhatia 
and  Ness  pass  the  time 
playing  games  like 


"Hangman"  and 
"Dots."  The  previous 
night,  they  say,  Coach 
Krzyzewski  and  sev- 
eral of  the  players 
came  by  to  say  hello 
to  the  residents  of 
"Krzyzewskiville,"  as 
it  is  popularly  known, 
and  thank  them  for 
waiting  out  in  the 
cold. 

"[The  Michigan 
players]  are  going  to 
walk  through  here 
tomorrow  and  see  the 
dedication  of  our  fans. 
If  that  doesn't  intimi- 
date them,  I  don't 
know  what  will," 


Before  the  ball: 
Days  in  advance  of 
the  game ,  Bhatia  and 
Ness,  below,  occupy 
one  tent  among  hundreds 
at  "Krzyzewskiville" 


says  Bhatia. 

Dedication  is  one 
thing,  but  with  thou- 
sands of  student  seats 
available  in  Cameron, 
why  wait  outside 
for  an  entire  week? 
"Since  I  couldn't 
go  [home]  to  the  Mid- 
dle East  for  Thanks- 
giving, I  decided  to  do 
something  construc- 
tive with  my  time," 
says  Bhatia.  "It's  a 
great  social  scene," 
adds  Ness. 

By  the  end  of  Satur- 
day night,  Duke's 
exhausted  students 
are  happy  campers.  In 
the  deafening  din  of 
Cameron,  Michigan 
misses  seven  of  eleven 
free  throws  and  the 
Blue  Devils  throw 
Michigan's  Fab  Five  to 
the  Wolves  with  a 

•79-68  win. 


-Jonathan  Douglas 


ation  of  the  Institute  for  Policy  Sciences 
and  Public  Affairs,  the  merger  of  the  men's 
and  women's  undergraduate  colleges,  ex- 
tensive growth  of  the  medical  center,  and 
such  major  building  projects  as  the  Mary 
Duke  Biddle  Music  Building,  the  Fuqua 
School  of  Business,  and  the  Joseph  M.  and 
Kathleen  Price  Bryan  University  Center. 
As  governor,  he  was  credited  with  such 
education  initiatives  as  the  North  Carolina 
School  of  the  Arts  and  the  Governor's 
School  for  gifted  and  talented  students. 

The  ceremonies  also  recognized  Lenox 
D.  Baker  M.D.34,  a  Texas-born  ortho- 
paedic surgeon  and  Duke  medical  school 
professor  emeritus,  who  received  the  1992 
Duke  Alumni  Association  Distinguished 
Alumni  Award;  zoologist  Hugh  C.  Cren- 
shaw, recipient  of  the  alumni  association's 
Distinguished  Undergraduate  Teaching 
Award;  and  Matt  Cartmill,  professor  of 
biological  anthropology  and  anatomy,  who 
was  given  the  University  Scholar/Teacher 
Award,  which  was  created  by  the  Board  of 
Higher  Education  and  Ministry  of  the 
United  Methodist  Church. 

In  a  provocative  Founders'  Day  address, 
Reynolds  Price  '55,  James  B.  Duke  Profes- 
sor of  English,  criticized  an  anti-intellectu- 
al spirit  on  campus.  He  said  the  university 
hasn't  fully  realized  its  responsibilities  in 
James  B.  Duke's  Indenture  of  Trust.  "With 
our  many  causes  for  gratitude,"  he  said, 
"still  the  thing  that  holds  us  back  by  the 
minute  at  Duke  is  the  prevailing  cloud  of 
indifference,  of  frequent  hostility,  to  a 
thoughtful  life." 

"Visit  especially  those  classes  in  which  a 
teacher  encourages  student  discussion  and 
is  frequently  met  by  a  speechless  majority 
who  are  either  lost  in  riveting  meditations 
of  their  own,  too  precious  to  expose,  or 
have  simply  never  bothered  learning  to 
talk  in  a  challenging  forum,"  Price  said.  "If 
for  instance  you  can  eat  a  whole  meal  in  a 
moderately  occupied  Duke  dining  hall 
without  transcribing  a  certain  sentence  at 
least  once,  I'll  treat  you  to  the  legal  pain 
reliever  of  your  choice.  The  sentence  runs 
more  or  less  like  this,  in  male  or  female 
voice — 'I  can't  believe  how  drunk  I  was 
last  night.'  " 

Price  called  for  a  residential-college  model 
at  Duke,  a  model  that  would  encourage 
students  to  "meet  like  sane  adult  members 
of  a  group  dedicated  to  legitimate  princi- 
ples of  thoughtful  social  life,  punctuated  by 
normal  bouts  of  revel."  As  a  first  step,  he  sug- 
gested reinventing  the  social  system.  He 
called  fraternities  and  sororities  "grotesque 
relics... of  nineteenth-century  small  rural 
colleges  [that]  have  long  since  ceased  to 
serve  any  role  not  better  served  by  means 
less  expensive,  in  every  sense,  of  the  uni- 
versity's time  and  life-blood." 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


Green  Delusions:  An  Environ- 
mentalist Critique  of  Radical 
Environmentalism. 

B\  Martin  W.  Lewis.  Durham:  Duke  Press, 
1992.  298  pp.  $24.95  cloth. 


G 


reen  Delusions  is  a 
polemical  title,  and 
this  is  a  polemical 
hook.  Its  author, 
Martin  Lewis,  an  as- 
sistant professor  at 
George  Washington 
University,  takes  on 
several  topics  that  are  being  hotly  debated 
among  radical  environmental  social  theo- 
rists today.  His  purpose  is  not  just  to  report 
on  these  debates  but  to  stake  out  a  posi- 
tion. He  does  this  with  passion  and  a  long 
bibliography:  articles  from  The  Economist, 
journals  of  scholarly  anthropology,  the  New 
Left  Review,  and  many  other  sources. 

The  "green  delusions"  of  Lewis'  title  are 
the  theories  of  those  he  calls  radical  or  ex- 
treme environmentalists  who  seek  to  abolish 
capitalism  and  the  social  order  of  Western 
industrial  nations — eco-anarchists,  eco- 
Marxists,  and  radical  eco-feminists.  (Lewis 
has  no  argument  with  liberal  eco-feminists.) 
The  goal  he  sets  for  himself  is  to  disprove 
their  theories  and  show  that  the  best  envi- 
ronmental strategy  is  to  reform  society,  not 
to  overthrow  it.  In  the  process,  he  provides 
an  introduction  to  important  debates  on 
the  roles  of  gender  relations,  political  orga- 
nization, and  technological  and  economic 
development  in  the  human  relationship 
with  our  environment. 

I  come  to  this  book  with  two  biases. 
First,  I'm  a  pragmatist.  The  Natural  Re- 
sources Defense  Council  (NRDC)  is  an 
organization  that  prides  itself  on  effective- 
ness within  the  system;  like  the  vast 
majority  of  environmental  groups,  we  work 
to  improve  what  government,  society,  and 
industry  do  and  how  they  do  it.  This  is  the 
approach  Lewis  argues  for  and,  because 
Lewis  is  making  a  case  for  the  kind  of  work 
I  do,  I  am  far  from  being  an  unprejudiced 
reader.  To  put  it  simply,  I  think  he's  right. 
Second,  however,  I'm  an  activist.  In  my 
reading  I  look  for  ideas  and  information 
that  will  help  NRDC  in  our  day-to-day, 
year-to-year  work  shaping  public  policies 
to  protect  the  environment.  Lewis,  on  the 
other  hand,  is  a  scholar,  and  Green  Delu- 
sions is  a  work  of  social  theory.  Ultimately, 


Lewis  is  trying  to  make  environmental 
activists  more  effective  by  changing  the 
way  some  of  them  approach  their  work. 
But  his  first  concerns  are  doctrine,  ideolo- 
gy, explication,  and  argument.  Because  our 
priorities  are  different,  I  part  company  with 
Lewis  on  some  of  the  approaches  he  takes. 

First,  from  an  activist's  point  of  view,  it 
is  surprising  how  seldom  Lewis  refers  to 
the  activities  of  the  many  groups  that  are 
actually  doing  the  kind  of  work  he  advo- 
cates. By  focusing  so  narrowly  on  radical 
theory,  Lewis  distorts  the  larger  view. 

He  believes,  for  instance,  that  the  revolu- 
tionaries' criticism  of  mainstream  groups  has 
"seized  the  movement's  heart"  and  "may 
soon  be  poised  to  grasp  its  political  initia- 
tive." I  have  a  different  perspective.  I  repre- 
sent NRDC  at  meetings  of  the  "Green 
Group,"  a  coalition  of  more  than  twenty 
national  and  regional  environmental  orga- 
nizations. My  staff  and  I  work  with  many, 
many  other  environmentalists  in  addition 
to  those  in  the  Green  Group.  What  I  see 
when  these  people  meet  to  coordinate 
their  work  and  hammer  out  strategy  is  a 
thriving,  active,  healthy  movement,  full  of 
diverse  opinions  and  also  full  of  energy. 
Far  from  being  paralyzed  by  criticism  about 
working  within  the  system,  most  of  the  na- 
tionals and  many  of  the  regional  groups 
are  leaping  to  the  new  task  of  influencing 
the  Clinton  administration. 

The  thinking  of  this  movement  is  re- 
flected less  in  statements  of  ideology  than 
in  other  kinds  of  written  and  spoken  dis- 
course: testimony  before  Congress,  town 
meetings,  workshops  with  farmers  on  organ- 
ic farming  methods,  reports  on  toxics  in 
local  communities,  programs  for  national 
energy  efficiency.  Because  Lewis  concen- 
trates on  the  theories  of  a  relatively  small 
sector  of  environmentalism,  he  misses  this 
living  picture.  Of  course,  it  can  be  difficult 
to  accommodate  the  living  picture  in  a 
work  of  theory.  But  Lewis  does  draw  most 
of  the  evidence  for  his  own  arguments 
from  the  real  world.  He  discusses  issues 
ranging  from  vegetable  farming  in  areas  of 
the  Philippines,  to  the  development  of 
new  plastics  recycling  technologies,  to  sub- 
urbanization in  California.  In  this  context, 
it  would  not  be  out  of  place  to  include 
some  discussion  of  current  environmental 
advocacy. 

The  other  major  area  where  I  differ  with 
Green  Delusions  is  in  its  general  tone.  Lewis 


himself  says  that  his  tone  can  be  "caustic." 
At  some  points,  strong  language  is  appro- 
priate; for  example,  the  anti-human 
approach  of  the  few  theorists  who  promote 
violence  is  indeed  horrifying.  But  Lewis  has 
cast  his  entire  book  in  the  negative.  His 
tone  cuts  against  the  process  of  listening  to 
and  learning  from  each  other  that  I  believe 
is  the  best  way  for  the  environmental 
movement  as  a  whole  to  grow  and  become 
more  effective.  Even  revolutionary  ideas 
can  sometimes  help  stimulate  others  to 
think  in  productive  new  directions. 

Furthermore,  the  most  exciting  sections 
of  the  book  are  those  in  which  Lewis  puts 
forward  his  own  positive  ideas  for  an  agen- 
da for  environmental  reform.  He  argues  for 
"guided  capitalism":  a  system  in  which 
government  identifies  the  greater  public 
good  and  sets  policies  that  help  business 
and  society  to  move  toward  the  appropri- 
ate goals — such  as  tax  incentives,  market 
regulation,  infrastructure  investments,  new 
ways  of  calculating  national  wealth,  and 
other  methods  that  environmentalists  are 
increasingly  putting  to  use. 

For  an  activist,  it  is  these  thoughts,  and 
not  his  polemics,  that  are  Lewis's  most 
valuable  contributions.  They  point  in  the 
direction  that  many  environmentalists 
now  recognize  as  the  future  of  the  environ- 
mental movement.  We  have  to  learn  how 
to  direct  technological  progress  in  a  way 
that  heals  the  planet  rather  than  fouling 
and  depleting  it.  We  have  to  transform 
society's  relationship  with  the  Earth  in  a 
way  that  answers  environmental,  econom- 
ic, and  social  justice  needs. 

This  process  is  beginning:  Every  day 
advances  the  frontiers  of  energy  efficiency, 
recycling,  low-input  farming,  and  other 
technologies  that  are  at  once  more  envi- 
ronmentally sound  and  more  labor-inten- 
sive than  less  advanced  methods.  But  the 
task  is  enormous.  We  need  the  skills  and 
creativity  of  everyone  who  can  contribute 
to  it.  And  I  hope  Martin  Lewis's  next  book 
will  leave  green  delusions  behind  and  con- 
centrate on  green  solutions. 

— John  Adams 


Adams  LL.B.  '62  is  executive  director  of  the  Nat- 
ural Resources  Defense  Council,  a  national  envi- 
ronmental organization  based  in  New  York  City. 


)ai 


Feb; 


1993 


The  issue:  Assistant  professor  of 
political  science  Timothy  Lomperis 
A.M.  78,  Ph.D.  '81,  highly 
acclaimed  for  his  teaching  abilities, 
was  recently  denied  tenure .  Was  his 
candidacy  fairly  judged? 

"The  real  issue  with  Professor 
Lomperis  was  the  type  of  univer- 
sity that  Duke  is  becoming.  If 
Duke  is  a  Swarthmore,  an 
Amherst,  or  the  like,  the  depart- 
ment would  have  voted  unani- 
mously for  Professor  Lomperis. 
There  was  no  question  about  the 
quantity  of  his  publication. . . . 
[But]  Professor  Lomperis  never 
really  engaged  his  work  with  cur- 
rent 'frontiers'  of  international 
relations  theory. . . .  When  out- 
siders in  international  relations 
were  asked  to  rank  him  with  the 
other  people  of  his  generation  in 
international  relations,  he  tended 
to  be  off  the  scope." 

—Jerry  Hough,  James  B.  Duke 
Professor  of 


"This  case  is  not  the  familiar  one 
of  outstanding  teaching  vs.  ques- 
tionable research.  It  is,  unfortu- 
nately, a  case  of  complex  depart- 
mental politics  and  personal 
animus  overriding  professional 
considerations....  Lomperis 
works  in  what  is  called  the  'realist' 
tradition,  the  longest  and  most 
respected  tradition  in  interna- 
tional relations. . . .  Several  in  the 
anti-Lomperis  faction  have  no 
affection  for  this  tradition  and 
would  prefer  that  Lomperis'  fac- 
ulty slot  be  occupied  by  someone 


more  in  lockstep  with  their  own 
'quantitative'  work....  A  number 
of  professors  simply  dislike  Lom- 
peris because  of  his  personal  poli- 
tics and  because  he  is  outspoken 
on  points  of  principle." 
—Stanley  Ridglcy,  graduate  student 


Heard  Around  Cami 


"As  a  president  and  as  a  leader, 
she  will  strike  a  wonderful  balance 
between  being  superbly  intellec- 
tual and  theoretical  and  being 
superbly  practical." 

ofi 


"Nineteen  minus  14  does  not 
equal  56. ...  It  doesn't  take  a 
graduate  from  the  math  depart- 
ment to  know  that." 


tf'recf  by  I 


ulty  since  1 988,  when  a  report  by 

the  Academic  Council  stated  that 

each  of  fifty-six  hiring  units  should 

have  at  least  one  new  black  faculty 

member  by  fall  1993 


"Disturbingly  often  I'm  left  won- 
dering why  a  particularly  lifeless 
student — one  so  apparently 
vacant  of  Mr.  Duke's  'real  ambi- 
tion for  life' — is  present  in  a  uni- 
versity that  affirms  its  luxury  of 
choice  and  its  stringent 
standards.  Whose  rightful  place 
is  that  dullard  usurping?" 

—Reynolds  Price  '55,  James  B. 

Duke  Professor  of  English,  in 

hisi 


We  asked  twenty-five 
undergraduates: 

What  are  your  favorite  and 
least  favorite  dining  areas 
on  campus?  What  are  your 
favorite  and  least  favorite 
Duke  meals? 

Favorite 
Oak  Room:  12 
Upper  East  Side:  4 
Blue  and  White  cafeteria:  2 
Cambridge  Inn:  2 
University  Room:  2 
Magnolia  Room:  I 
Rathskeller:  I 
Dorm  room:  I 

Least  Favorite 

Boyd-Pishko  cafeteria:  I  I 

East  Campus  food  court:  7 

Rathskeller:  3 

Blue  and  White  cafeteria:  I 

Cambridge  Inn:  I 

East  Campus  cafeteria:  1 

University  Room:  1 

And  what  delicacies  rolled  off 
the  tongues  of  Duke  undergradu- 
ates? The  Oak  and  Magnolia 
rooms'  London  Broil  rated  espe- 
cially highly,  as  did  the  East 
Campus  cafeteria's  pineapple 
chicken.  The  Ratburger  and 
Duke's  pasta  selections  fared 
poorly,  as  did  the  more  adventur- 
ous cod  Creole  at  the  Oak  Room. 
One  student  said  of  the  sand- 
wiches at  the  East  Campus 
Union's  new  Upper  East  Side, 
"The  tomatoes  are  nasty,  the 
onions  are  limp,  and  the  lettuce 
is  brown."  And  a  significant 
number  of  students  who  were 
polled  said  they'd  rather  order 
pizza  with  their  Duke  Cards  from 
Durham  vendors  than  eat  any- 
where on  campus. 


Ask  the  Expert 


What  efforts  will  be  needed  to 
resolve  the  situation  in  Somalia? 

"The  only  possible  solution  is  to 
restore  some  sort  of  civil  order.  A 
solution  is  going  to  have  to  come 
from  the  Somalis  themselves,  but 
they're  going  to  need  enough 
peace  to  be  able  to  devise  their 
own  answers. 

"Guns  have  been  a  terrible 
problem  in  Somalia,  because  the 
Horn  of  Africa  was  so  important 
strategically  to  both  the  United 
States  and  the  Soviet  Union, 
and  both  were  supplying  rival 
factions  with  arms.  In  a  way,  this 
situation  is  the  final,  awful  reper- 
cussion of  the  cold  war.  The  guns 
have  to  be  gotten  rid  of.  But  if 
you  start  disarming  one  group  of 
people  before  you  start  disarming 
another  group  of  people,  the  first 
group  just  becomes  victims. 

"The  people  who  hold  the 
solution  in  Somalia  are  the 
Somalis  and  the  European  food 
workers  who  have  been  there  for 
a  few  months,  working  on  grass- 
roots efforts.  These  are  the  peo- 
ple whom  United  States  policy 
officials  should  be  talking  to.  But 
it'll  take  both  political  and  eco- 
nomic solutions.  You  can't  start 
to  cultivate  a  farm  until  there's 
peace  in  the  countryside.  If  the 
government  is  unstable  and  there 
are  men  with  machine  guns  lin- 
ing the  roads,  the  mechanisms  of 
food  exchange  break  down  pretty 
quickly." 

ild,  associate  professor 
of  history  and  chair  of  African 


compiled  by  Jonathan  Douglas; 
polling  by  Stephen  Martin  '94 


52 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


Winter  Glory  by  William  Mangum 


image  size:  21"  X  17" 


At  the  heart  of  Duke  Uni- 
versity, the  Chapel  stands  as 
one  of  the  most  impressive 
gothic  structures  in  the  region. 
This  unique  view  of  the 
Chapel  as  seen  by  watercolor 
artist  William  Mangum  serves 
as  a  wonderful  reminder  of 
your  experience  at  Duke. 
Offered  in  a  release  of  600 
limited  edition  prints  at  $85 
each,  30  artist  proofs  at  $150 
each,  and  20  hand-painted 
remarques  at  $300  each.  This 
beautiful  image  makes  an  ideal 
holiday  gift  for  students  and 
alumni. 

Order  information: 
(919)  379-9200 


CAREY-M^NGUM  GALLERY 


2182  Lawndale  Drive  •  Greensboro.  North  Car 


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the  world  of 
tomorrow... 


PBM,  offering  the  most  advanced  printing 
capabilities  on  the  East  Coast,  has  joined 
forces  with  Duke  Magazine  on  a  journey 
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f 


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DUKE 


MAGAZINE 


QUIZ  SHOW  QUALMS 
EASING  OFF  NICOTINE 


SARTORIALLY  SPEAKING 


MARCH- 
APRIL  1993 


DUKE 


VOLUME  79 
NUMBER  3 


EDITOR: 

Robert'.  Bliwise  A.M. '88 
ASSOCIATE  EDITOR: 
Sam  Hull 

FEATURES  EDITOR: 
Bridget  Booher  '82,  A.M.  '92 
SCIENCE  EDITOR: 
l\nni-  Meredith 
EDITORIAL  ASSISTANT: 
lon.uh.in  Douglas 
STUDENT  INTERN: 
Stephen  Martin  '95 
DESIGN  CONSULTANT: 
West  Side  Studio,  Inc. 
TUBLISHER:  M.  Laney 
Funderburkjr.  '60 

OFFICERS,  DUKE  ALUMNI 
ASSOCIATION: 
Edward  M.  Hanson  Jr.  73, 
A.M.  77,  J.D.  77, president; 
Stanley  G.  Bradingjr.  75, 
president-elect;  M.  Laney 
Funderhurk  Jr.  '60,  secreran- 


PRESIDENTS,  SCHOOL 
AND  COLLEGE  ALUMNI 
ASSOCIATIONS: 
Sylvester  L.  Shannon  B.D.  '66, 
Diemirt  School;  G.  Robert 
Graham  B.S.C.E.  77,  School  of 
r.H<;nk'cnne;  Bartow  S.  Shaw 

M.F.  '64,  School  of  the  Environ- 
ment; Kirk  J.  Bradley  M.B.A. 
'^i\  Fuaua  Schottl  of  Business; 
David  G.KIaberJ.D.  '69, 
Si.hr ,. >l  ,,j  Lmi;  Robert  M.  Rose- 
mond  M.D.  '53,  School  of  Medi- 
cine; Christine  Mundie  Willis 
B.S.N.  73,  School  of  Nursing; 
Mane  Koval  Nardone  M.S.  79, 
A.H.C  79,  Graduate  Program 
tn  Physical  Therapy,  Margaret 
Adams  Harris  '38.  LL.B.  '40, 
Harf-Cemurv  Club. 

EDITORIAL  ADVISORY 
BOARD:  Clay  Felker '51, 
chairman;  Frederick  F.  Andrews 
'60;  Dehra  Blum  '87;  Sarah 
Hardesty  Bray  72;  Holly  B. 
Bmhach  75;  Nancy  L.  Cardwell 
'69;  Jerrold  K.  Footlick;  Edward 
M.  Gome:  79;  Elizabeth  H. 
Lx-kc  64.  Ph.D.  72;  Thomas 
T.  L..~eejr. '63;PeterMaas'49; 
Hujh  S.  Sides :  Ku  hard  Austin 
Smith  '35;  Susan  Tint  73; 
Robertl.  Bliwise  A.M. '88, 


Composition  by  Liberated 
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and  Cross  Pointe  Sycamore 
Offset  Tan 

©1993  Duke  University 
Published  bimonthly  by  the 
Office  of  Alumni  Affairs;  vol- 
untary subscriptions  S20  per 
year:  Duke  Mflgagne,  Alumni 
House,  614  Chapel  Drive. 
Box  90570,  Durham,  N.C 
27708-0570;  (919)  684-51 14. 


Cover:  Physicist  John  Madey  and  some 
of  the  magnets  that  will  guide  speeding 
electrons  around  the  "giant  racetrack"  of 
his  next-generation  laser.  Photo  by  Chris 
Hildreth 


LEARNING  THE  LANGUAGE  OF  CLOTHES  by  Bridget  Booher  2 

Using  fabric  and  ornamentation,  we  can  flaunt  (or  purposely  deny)  our  wealth,  authority, 
sexuality,  and  ambitions;  yet  fashion  usually  gets  dismissed  as  being  superfluous  or 
insignificant 

WON'T  STOP  THINKING  ABOUT  TOMORROW  by  Robert].  Bliwise  6~ 

Just  named  by  President  Clinton  to  lead  the  charge  to  "reinvent  government,"  Phil  Lader 
has  lived  a  life  that  expresses  a  classic  American  theme:  Success  can  come  to  anyone  with 
the  ambition  to  pursue  it 


RUNNING  ON  RAW  ENERGY  by  Monte  Basgall  I  2 

A  Duke  physicist  made  an  intellectual  leap  with  his  invention  of  the  free-electron  laser,  now 
being  used  as  a  research  tool  in  medicine,  materials  science,  biology,  and  microelectronics 

KNOWING  WHAT  TO  ASK  by  Nancy  Butts  37~ 

The  category  is  "Jeopardy!"  The  answer  is  "No."  The  question  is  "Was  it  fun?" 

ARCHITECT  OF  A  NEW  WORLD  ORDER  by  fames  Sniffer  40~ 

According  to  a  Duke  law  professor  and  political  scientist,  ethnic  conflict  often  occurs 
when  society  lacks  bureaucratic  or  social  structures  for  expressing  political  desires  and 
dissatisfaction 

HELPING  SMOKERS  QUIT  by  Laird  Harrison  43^ 

Fueled  in  part  by  a  personal  loss,  a  Duke  psychopharmacologist  invented  one  of  the  most 
dramatic  breakthroughs  in  the  campaign  against  tobacco  addiction,  the  nicotine  patch 


RETROSPECTIVES  20 

Mary  Grace  Wilson:  "She  suffered  all  of  us  young  fools  patiently" 

TRANSITIONS  32~ 

Shaping  influences  for  a  potter-singer 

FORUM  33~ 

An  "unbalanced"  portrayal  of  the  first  administration,  "egregious  errors"  in  a  tenure  ruling 


Revisiting  the  black  faculty  initiative,  reinforcing  academic  honor,  reinventing  campaign 
coverage 

BOOKS 

An  epidemic  of  misery:  AIDS  and  the  world's  first  "third  world"  country 


50 


QUAD  QUOTES 

Military  etiquette,  influential  hooks,  vacation  destinations 


52 


t: 

■PffH74ill»« 

LEARNING 
HE  LANGUAC 
OF  CLOTHES 

BY  BRIDGET  BOOHER 

E 

DRESSED  TO  EXPRESS: 

WHAT'S  APPARENT  IN  APPAREL 

Using  fabric  and  ornamentation,  we  can  flaunt  (or 

purposely  deny)  our  wealth,  authority,  sexuality,  and 

ambitions.  Yet  fashion  usually  gets  dismissed  as  being 

superfluous  or  insignificant. 

J^A       re  you  reading  this  article  in 
^V^A     the  nude?  Probably  not.  Not 
^^L^^k   that  we'd   mind — we   like  our 
^^^^^k  readers  to  be  at  ease  with  the 
magazine — but  chances  are  you're  wearing 
clothes.  If  you're  browsing  through  these 
pages  on  your  lunch  hour,  a  necktie  may 
tug  at  your  throat,  or  your  feet  may  be 
stuffed  into  "sensible"  pumps.  If  it's  after 
work,   perhaps  you're   sporting  a  pair  of 
relaxed-fit  jeans   and   a  favorite  T-shirt. 
Maybe  you  keep  the  publication  by  your 
bed  for  some  late-night  learning,  in  which 
case  you  could  be  snuggled  down  in  flan- 
nel p.j.s,   or  a  silk  nightgown,   or... hey, 
maybe  you  are  reading  this  in  the  nude. 

Even  if  you  couldn't  care  less  about  fluc- 
tuating hemline  lengths  or  this  season's 
suit  styles,  every  one  of  us  has  to  cover  our 
bodies.   How  we   do   it   (perfunctorily  or 
flamboyantly,  shapelessly  or  oh-so-snugly) 
says  more  about  us  than  we  may  know. 
From  the  computer  nerd  whose  button- 
down  shirt   (with  plastic  pen  protector) 
and  gray  slacks  are  his  daily  "uniform,"  to 

the  always-in-high-heels  fashion  plate,  our 
dress  announces  to  the  world  who  we  are. 

When  you  think  about  it,  that's  an  in- 
credibly powerful  tool.  What  kind  of  politi- 
cal leanings  would  you  assume  a  person 
wearing  Birkenstock  sandals  has?  Does  the 
appearance  of  a  uniformed  police  officer 
comfort  or  threaten?  Is  that  guy  strutting 
by  in  leather  pants  someone  you  want  to 
know  better?  Using  fabric  and  ornamenta- 
tion, we  can  flaunt  (or  purposely  deny)  our 
wealth,  authority,  sexuality,  and  ambitions. 
And  yet,  despite  the  social,  political,  and 
economic  ramifications  of  individual  and 
group    identity,   fashion   usually   gets   dis- 
missed as  being  superfluous  or  insignificant. 

"It's   such   an   important   and   obvious 
thing  that  I  can't  believe  it's  been  slighted 
this  long,"  says  Holly  Brubach  '75,  fashion 
editor  of  The  New  Yorker.  "Look  at  deco- 
rating:   We've    paid    more    attention    to 
home  interiors  than  we  have  to  fashion.  It 
is  a  signpost  of  our  culture,  but  there's  very 
little  fashion  writing  that's  accessible  to 
people  who  don't  think  they're  interested. 

DUKE   MAGAZINE 


v  •■« 


That's  why  I  write  about  it  for  The  New 
Yorker;  when  I  wrote  the  same  kinds  of 
things  for  women's  magazines,  I  felt  that  I 
was  preaching  to  the  converted.  The  let- 
ters that  mean  the  most  to  me  are  from 
readers  who  don't  'follow'  fashion,  the 
dentist  from  St.  Louis  who  says,  'I  don't 
care  anything  about  clothes,  but  1  never 
knew  they  carried  so  much  significance.'  " 

In  a  recent  column  called  "Running 
With  the  Pack,"  Brubach  takes  us  along  on 
the  Milan-Paris-New  York  circuit  to  pre- 
view designers'  spring  collections.  It's  at 
once  a  lively,  gossipy,  analytical,  and  edu- 
cational read.  Few  of  us  will  ever  dress  up 
in  the  thong-bikini-under-chiffon  pants 
look  that  she  sees  breezing  down  the  run- 
ways, but  this  trend  toward  transparency 
raises  provocative  questions  about  how  we 
regard  the  body,  and  how  we  are  simulta- 
neously drawn  to,  but  separate  ourselves 
from,  the  world  of  elegant  exhibitionism. 
And  while  those  of  us  who  lived  through 
the  Sixties  and  Seventies  might  find  the 
current  retro  trend  in  fashion  to  be  a  bit 
unsettling,  Brubach  uses  it  as  a  springboard 
to  reflect  on  the  weight  of  memory  and 
experience. 

Popular  music,  film,  and  art  are  routine- 
ly analyzed  for  what  their  themes  and  sub- 
texts  say   about   the   human   experience. 


Fashion,  on  the  other  hand,  doesn't  get 
included  in  intellectual  discussions  about 
culture.  As  author  Elizabeth  Wilson  notes 
in  Adorned  in  Dreams:  Fashion  and  Moder- 
nity, "We  expect  a  garment  to  justify  its 
shape  and  style  in  terms  of  moral  and 
intellectual  criteria  we  do  not  normally 
apply  to  other  artistic  forms;  in  architec- 
ture, for  example,  we  may  all  have  person- 
al preferences,  yet  most  of  us  can  accept 
the  pluralism  of  styles,  can  appreciate  both 
the  austerity  of  the  Bauhaus  and  the  rich 
convolutions  of  rococo.  When  it  comes  to 
fashion,  we  become  intolerant." 

Furthermore,  says  Wilson,  a  senior  lec- 
turer in  applied  social  studies  at  London's 
Polytechnic,  it's  an  oversimplification  to 
say  that  fashion  isn't  taken  seriously  mere- 
ly because  clothing  and  costume  are  (erro- 
neously assumed  to  be)  solely  of  interest  to 
women.  Historically,  men's  and  women's 
modes  of  dress  weren't  distinctly  different 
until  the  eighteenth  century;  rather, 
clothes  clarified  a  person's  social  standing. 

By  definition,  fashion  is  about  change, 
and  just  as  we  embrace  novelty  in  other 
spheres  of  modern  life,  so  do  trends  in 
clothing  come  and  go.  In  this  context, 
argues  Wilson,  fashion  is  "a  mass  pastime,  a 
form  of  group  entertainment,  of  popular 
culture.  Related  as  it  is  to  both  fine  art  and 


popular  art,  it  is  a  kind  of  performance  art." 
And  like  performance  art,  fashion  uses 
disparate  sources — some  reassuring  and 
familiar,  some  disturbing  and  taboo — for 
inspiration.  So  you  see  a  lot  of  borrowing 
and  redefinition  taking  place  between  the 
"highbrow"  fashion  industry  and  youth 
and  "low"  cultures.  With  the  phenomenal 
success  of  "grunge"  rock  music  emanating 
from  Seattle,  designers  such  as  Marc 
Jacobs  and  Ralph  Lauren  have  embraced 
the  shaggy  dishabille  of  flannel  shirts  and 
thrift-store  style,  although  at  a  much, 
much  higher  price.  When  Chanel  shows 
models  dripping  with  gold  chains  on  necks 
and  waists,  the  look,  on  the  surface,  is 
about  wealth  and  privilege.  And  yet,  years 
earlier,  urban  blacks  began  wearing  multi- 
ple gold  chains  as  a  sign  of  status  and  as  a 
way  of  alluding  to  the  image  of  their 
ancestors  in  the  chains  of  slavery. 

Janice  Radway,  a  professor  in  Duke's  lit- 
erature program,  says  the  intricacies  of 
such  cross-referencing  are  endlessly  debat- 
able. "Is  it  that  Chanel  is  longing  tor  the 
vibrancy  and  vitality  of  black  culture?  Or 
are  they  making  fun  of  it,  demonstrating 
its  [supposed]  vulgarity,  so  that  their  usage 
of  it  is  an  expression  of  racism?  1  think  it's 
probably  both  those  things.  The  question 
of  appropriation  is  very  complicated." 


March-April    1993 


Mixed  message:  When  this  ad  appeared  in  J 968, 
young  women  were  burning  bras  and  abandon- 
ing constricted  clothing.  To  sell  girdles  and  other 
"foundations , "  companies  appealed  to  the 
(presumed)  liberated  woman  who  still  fretted 
about  her  figure. 


Body  beautiful:  To  sell  clothing  in  the 
fitness-minded  Nineties,  The  Gap  uses 
such  famous  physiques  as  Olympic 
medalist  ]ackie  Joyner-Kersee . 


boss 


Under  wraps:  Despite  minor  variatons  in 
style,  men's  suits  are  desigiied  not  to 
show  off  the  body,  but  to  hide  any  num- 
ber of  flaws ,  from  skinny  frames  and 
narrow  shoulders  to  the  dreaded  middle- 
age  spread. 


By  asking  those  questions,  Radway  says, 
we  expose  and  challenge  certain  myths 
about  the  creative  process  in  general. 
"Often  the  assumption  is  that  creation  oc- 
curs in  the  'real'  art  world,  whether  the  art 
world  is  serious  painting,  serious  literature, 
or  serious  fashion — activities  that  consti- 
tute themselves  self-consciously  and 
reflexively  as  'the  arts.'  But  creativity 
occurs  throughout  culture,  and  that 
includes  popular  culture." 

Given  clothing's  ability  to  accentuate  or 
confound  sexuality,  the  way  we  "package" 
our  bodies  is  potentially  explosive.  Some 
women  who  wear  erotic  lingerie  in  the  pri- 
vacy of  their  own  home  would  never  dis- 
play cleavage  in  public.  If  you've  got  it, 
flaunt  it — but  only  in  the  proper  context: 
when  working  out,  for  example,  or  at  a 
glitzy  party.  Inconsistent  signals,  particu- 
larly for  women,  invite  disapproval.  Take 
Barbra  Streisand.  Her  inau- 
asas— .  gural  ensemble,  which  com- 
==r~  bined  a  Donna  Karan  suit 
with  a  low-cut  blouse,  was 
scorned  by  The  New  York 
Times  writer  Anne  Taylor 
Fleming,  who  said  Streisand 
unwittingly  had  succumbed  to 
pressures  to  be  "accomplished 
but  also  kittenish — part  brief- 
case, part  bustier." 

"The  whole  question  of  sexu- 
ality and  its  presence  in  the 
public    arena    is    problematic," 

■ says  Radway.  "On  the  one  hand 

you  could  understand  why  people 
would  celebrate  that  display:  it's 
not  femininity  that's  being  hidden  away, 
passive.  It's  a  woman  flaunting  her  sexuali- 
ty. Other  people  would  say,  no,  it's  just  a 
reconstruction  of  femininity.  This  is  the 
whole  debate  about  Madonna.  Is  she  tak- 
ing charge  of  her  femininity  and  sexuality 
by  strutting  around  stage  in  a  cone-shaped 
brassiere,  or  is  she  simply  succumbing  to 
traditional  patriarchal  constructions  of 
femininity?" 

Manipulated  or  manipulator,  Madonna 
seems  to  have  captured  the  imagination  of 
cultural  critics.  But  look  back  in  time  and 
you'll  discover  women  who  make  her  exer- 
cise in  provocation  seem  tired  and  formu- 
laic. Cindy  Sherman,  who  photographs 
herself  "disguised"  in  costumes  and  pros- 
thetics, is  acclaimed  for  her  exploration  of 
male/female  and  public/private  selves,  yet 
she  is  merely  following  in  a  long  tradition 
of  women  artists  who  focus  on  the  ways  we 
use  props  (both  material  and  behavioral) 
to  define  our  identity. 

Frida  Kahlo's  self-portraits,  for  example, 
which  show  the  artist/subject  "construct- 
ed" in  many  different  versions  of  the  same 
woman,  are  brutally  honest,  often  painful- 
ly so.  And  in  the  mid-Seventies,  Bay  Area 


artist  Lynn  Hershman  used  dress,  makeup, 
and  wig  to  create  a  separate  identity, 
Roberta  Breitmore,  who  soon  "became"  a 
real  person. 

Duke  art  historian  and  artist  Kristine 
Stiles,  who  wrote  about — and  eventually 
collaborated  with — Hershman  on  the 
Roberta  Breitmore  project,  says  Hershman 
based  the  invented  character  on  a  compos- 
ite of  women  she  had  observed.  But  the 
role-playing  became  so  real — Breitmore 
had  a  driver's  license,  her  own  living 
space,  went  on  dates — that  Hershman  had 
difficulty  distinguishing  where  her  own 
persona  left  off  and  Breitmore's  began. 

"Eventually  Lynn  decided  to  'shed' 
Roberta,  but  she  was  uncertain  as  to  how 
to  go  about  it,"  says  Stiles.  "So  she  created 
Roberta  multiples,  people  who  would  dress 
up  as  Roberta,  and  then  go  out  in  public.  I 
was  the  first  Roberta  multiple  in  78,  and 
when  the  two  of  us  went  out  together, 
people  became  confused  about  who  Rober- 
ta was,  who  Lynn  was.  So  she  confounded 
the  notion  of  identity  by  appearing  with 
her  'alternate'  self." 

From  an  artistic  perspective,  Stiles  says, 
the  process  of  manipulating  one's  identity 
with  clothing  or  makeup  is  a  way  of  forc- 
ing the  viewer  to  confront  his  or  her  own 
opinions  of  what  constitutes  beauty  and 
desirability.  The  most  radical  work  being 
done  in  this  area,  she  says,  are  women 
artists  who  are  going  beyond  the  exploita- 
tion of  mere  apparel. 

"Far  more  radical  than  using  dress  is 
altering  the  body,  using  it  as  sculpture," 
says  Stiles.  "[French  performance  artist] 
Orlan  is  actually  going  through  certain 
body  transformations — getting  collagen  lip 
enhancement,  a  tummy  tuck — and  having 
the  process  of  the  operations  pho- 
tographed and  documented.  [The  photos 
appeared  in  a  recent  issue  of  Art  in  Ameri- 
ca.] And  when  you  look  at  the  pho- 
tographs, it's  just  appalling.  It  immediately 
reminded  me  of  the  pathetic,  painful 
examples  of  women  like  Ivana  Tcump, 
whose  husband  left  her.  So  she  went  out 
and  surgically  transformed  her  forty-five- 
year-old  body  into  that  of  a  twenty-eight- 
year-old." 

What  Stiles  terms  a  "frenetic  self-abuse" 
to  achieve  the  perfect  body,  the  flawless 
ideal,  is  played  out  to  a  lesser  extent  in 
exercise  studios  across  the  country.  The 
quest  for  physical  beauty  is  as  much  about 
feeling  good  about  one's  body  as  it  is  look- 
ing good  for  approval  by  others.  Toned, 
athletic  frames  are  now  desirable  in  both 
sexes,  and  for  the  first  time  in  history,  peo- 
ple are  actively  and  aggressively  modifying 
their  bodies  through  exercise. 

The  New  Yorker  's  Brubach  comments  on 
the  gym  trend  in  an  article  called  "Muscle- 
bound."    "The    prototypical    body,"    she 


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writes,  "male  or  female,  toward  which  peo- 
ple have  strived  in  art  and  in  life,  turns  out 
to  be  not  fixed  and  classical  hut,  like  the 
clothes  we  wear,  subject  to  the  whims  of 
the  moment."  But  unlike  clothes,  says 
Brubach,  the  super,  pumped-up  physique 
can't  be  discarded  when  the  wearer  tires  of 
it:  "Bodybuilders  become  their  costumes." 

At  the  Duke  Women's  Studies  Institute 
in  May,  history  Ph.D.  candidate  Philip  Van 
Vleck  will  present  a  course  on  "Costume, 
Body  Image,  and  Gender,"  using  the  histo- 
ry of  Europe  for  background.  Van  Vleck 
says  that  the  fitness  craze  is  simply  a  con- 
tinuation of  the  timeless  need  to  conform. 

"[Fashion  historian]  Valerie  Steele  has 
made  the  brilliant  observation  that  maybe 
all  that's  happened  is  that  women  have 
traded  an  external  corset  for  an  internal 
one,"  says  Van  Vleck.  "The  look  now 
requires  more  physical  work  than  it  ever 
has,  and  women  have  to  work  harder  at  it 
because  they  have  a  higher  percentage  of 
body  fat.  So  I  think  women  are  fooling 
themselves  if  they  think  they've  liberated 
themselves  from  the  constrictions  of  Vic- 
torian dress.  Maybe  in  the  long  run,  it's 
easier  to  put  that  corset  on  so  you  can  look 
like  everyone  else  instead  of  busting  your 
butt  at  the  health  spa.  Because  it  all  comes 
down  to  the  same  thing:  People  want  to  fit 
in  to  what  their  culture  at  that  time  deems 
attractive." 

Van  Vleck,  who  shows  up  for  an  inter- 
view looking  very  relaxed — baggy  jeans, 
loose  cotton  long-sleeve  shirt,  down  jack- 
et— says  most  men  have  the  luxury  of 
being  able  to  "hide"  their  bodies  in  the 
standard  business  suit. 

"That's  an  interesting  suit,"  he  says.  "It 
hides  a  lot  of  male  problems.  It  can  hide 
your  gut,  or  disguise  the  fact  that  you're 
basically  small  or  narrow  shouldered. 
Think  about  it:  Who  does  that  suit  look 
the  worst  on?  Well,  pro  football  players  for 
openers.  Offensive  linemen  don't  look 
good  in  that  suit.  That  suit  was  never 
designed  for  men  who  have  the  bod;  it's 
designed  for  men  who  don't  have  the  bod 
to  make  them  look  bigger." 

Women,  on  the  other  hand,  have  a 
harder  time  retreating,  says  Van  Vleck, 
even  into  a  feminine  version  of  a  business 
suit  because  of  the  inevitable  confusions 
about  "how  much  leg  you  should  show, 
what's  happening  with  your  neckline,  how 
tailored  should  the  jacket  be?  And  then 
for  dressing  up,  there's  nowhere  to  hide." 

When  women  do  adopt  men's  fashions, 
the  effect  is  usually  softened  by  hairstyle, 
makeup,  jewelry,  or  other  accessories. 
While  provocative,  the  result  is  rarely 
shocking.  But  when  the  situation  is 
reversed,  there  is  tremendous  resistance. 
Says  Van  Vleck:  "There's  no  power  in 
appropriating  women's  clothing  if  you're  a 


man,    because    women    don't    have    any 
power  in  this  culture.  My  female  students 
dress  like  guys  half  the  time,  and  I 
think    part    of    that,    whether    they 
know  it  or  not,  is  about  appropriat- 
ing male  power." 

Why  would  a  man  wear  a  dress? 
In  her  forthcoming  book,  The  New 
Yorker's    Holly    Brubach    is    inter- 
viewing  drag   queens   around   the 
world.  Her  inquiry  concerns  men 
who   get    a    kick   out   of  getting 
dolled  up  to  go  out  in  public,  not 
transsexuals   who   are    surgically 
altered  or  men  who  secretly  wear 
their  wives'  lingerie. 

"Before  I  started  this  book," 
says     Brubach,     "I     thought, 
'Well,  a  guy  in  a  dress  is  a  guy 
in  a  dress.'  But  in  every  soci- 
ety that  I've  looked  at,  what 
drag  queens  do  gets  back  to 
the  way  women  are  treated 
in  that  particular  culture.  It 
inevitably        reflects        on 
notions  of  women's  roles  in 
that  society." 

Brubach  says  she's  been 
fascinated  by  the  respons- 
es she  gets  when  she  tells 
people  the  subject  mat- 
ter of  her  research. 
"Some  people,  usually 
heterosexual  men,  are  allergic  to  it.  Or, 
they'll  be  curious  [in  a  covert  way],  and 
almost  look  to  me  to  be  their  voyeur. 
Women  seem  more  amused  by  it,  but  there 
are  some  who  are  offended,  who  think  it's 
an  attack  on  women.  The  reactions  run 
the  gamut;  there's  something  very  precari- 
ous about  the  construct  of  masculinity." 

Regardless  of  whether  it's  the  costume 
worn  by  a  Brazilian  carnival  participant,  a 
cowboy  outfit  worn  by  a  nine-year-old 
tomboy,  or  a  gray  flannel  suit  worn  by  a 
company  CEO,  our  clothes  have  multiple 
meanings.  We  all  know  the  "rules"  of 
attire — when  an  outfit  is  appropriate  or 
inappropriate — and  most  of  us  play  by  the 
rules  unquestioningly.  When  we  feel 
adventurous,  we'll  bend,  but  rarely  break, 
the  rules.  By  becoming  aware  of  how  we 
use  adornment  to  define  ourselves,  and  to 
judge  others,  we  have  an  opportunity  to 
explore  a  variety  of  other  issues. 

"Politics  and  sports  are  considered  to  be 
serious  subjects  while  'domestic'  pursuits  are 
considered  trivial,"  says  Brubach.  "Virginia 
Woolf  writes  about  how  in  literature,  the 
battle  scene  has  great  importance  to  the 
story,  but  what  happens  in  a  shop  is  minor. 
A  lot  of  people  say  they  don't  care  about 
clothes,  but  they're  a  language  we  all  speak. 
I  think  it's  important  to  examine  that  lan- 
guage and  articulate  what  it's  saying."        ■ 


[Ft'lMn/e:  Even  when  iromen  don  men's 
clothing,  the  effect  is  softened  by  hair 
style,  make-up,  and  jewelry .  While 
provocative,  the  result  is  rarely  shocking. 


\tf 


Emotion  or  intellect?  According  to  this  J  964  ad 
in  Esquire,  women's  fashion  choices  are  based 
on  emotional  whims,  while  men  rely  on  critical 
analysis  of  such  factors  as  price  and  design. 


March-April    1  993 


Th 

WCNTSTOP 
UNKING  ABQ 
TOMORRCW 

BY  ROBERT  J.  BLI WISE 

JT 

PHIL  LADER: 

Lader  at  leisure  on 

Hilton  Head:  committed 

to  grappling  with  the 

"ultimate  questions" 

RENAISSANCE  WEEKEND  MAN 

Just  named  by  President  Clinton  to  lead  the  charge 

to  "reinvent  government,"  Lader  has  lived  a  life  that 

expresses  a  classic  American  theme:  Success  can  come 

to  anyone  with  the  ambition  to  pursue  it. 

^B^  o  what  were  you  doing  on  New 
^^^Z   Year's  Day?  Maybe  you  were  lis- 
^^^B  tening  to  pollster  George  Gallup, 
^^^r   arch-conservative  direct-mail  ex- 
pert Richard  Viguerie,  and  "Kudzu"  creator 
Doug  Marlette — an  eclectic  grouping  by 
any  standard — weigh  in  on  the  hefty  sub- 
ject of  "The  Spiritual  Vacuum  at  the  Heart 
of  American   Society."   Maybe  you  were 
drawn  to  policy  panels  like  "Prospects  for 
America's  Cities"  and  "Racism  and  Big- 
otry," or  to  relationship  discussions  like 
"How  Grade-A  Professionals  Can  Avoid 
F's  as  Parents"  and  "Divorce  and  Second 
Marriages." 

Of  course,  there  was  always  touch  foot- 
ball with  Bill  Clinton. 

If  you  missed  all  of  this,  then  you  missed 
Hilton   Head,   South  Carolina,   and   the 
twelfth  Renaissance  Weekend.  There  you 
would  have  found — in  the  course  of  four 
days — a  panel  with  Hillary  Rodham  Clinton 
and  former  Reagan  speech  writer  Peggy 
Noonan,   a  panel   with   department-store 
executive  Bill  Belk  and  soon-to-be  U.S. 
attorney  general-designate  (only,  alas,  to 

lose  the  designation)  Zoe  Baird,  and  200 
more  panels.  Maybe  no  other  gathering 
could    attract    the    likes    (or   unlikes)    of 
Washington-wary    writer    Art    Buchwald 
and     Washington-wise     lawyer     Charles 
Manatt;  former  chief  of  U.S.  naval  opera- 
tions Admiral  Elmo  Zumwalt  and  former 
Miss    America    Phyllis    George    Brown; 
trackster  Edwin  Moses  and  U.S.  Supreme 
Court  Justice  Harry  Blackmun  (who,  in 
the  Renaissance  tradition  of  informality, 
chooses  the  name  tag  style  with  "HARRY" 
in  big  bold  letters). 

At  the  center  of  it  all,   the  ultimate 
Renaissance   man  in  this  concoction,   is 
Phil  Lader  '66.  Lader  has  been  asked  so 
often  about  the  retreat's  origins  that  he's 
devised  "The  Seventeen  Most  Commonly 
Asked  Questions  and  Answers"  on  Renais- 
sance. He  writes:  "Twelve  years  ago,  some 
friends  were  lamenting  with  the  Laders 
that,  although  all  of  us  meet  fascinating 
people  in  our  work  and  personal  lives,  we 
rarely  have  occasion  to  get  to  know  them 
well.  They  also  regretted  that  New  Year's 
can  be  a  'lost'  holiday,  when  some  might 

DUKE   MAGAZINE 


prefer  to  reflect,  with  their  families,  upon 
the  past  year  and  prepare  for  the  new." 

The  Washington  Post  wrote  up  Renais- 
sance this  way:  "From  a  somewhat  regional 
affair  involving  sixty  families  at  its  creation, 
it  has  blossomed  into  a  peculiar  national 
cultural  phenomenon:  Like  a  restaurant  or 
nightclub  that  suddenly  becomes  hot, 
Renaissance  Weekend  is  now  the  place  to 
be,  with  several  hundred  coming... and 
hundreds  more  clamoring  to  break  through 
the  waiting  list."  And  The  New  York  Times 
found  itself  pondering  the  questions:  "Can 
the  politesse  of  an  intellectual  salon  replace 
'Where's  mine?'  in  American  politics?  Is 
the  average  congressman  evolved  enough 
in  his  quest  for  personal  renewal  to  embrace 
the  manners  ot  the  group  encounter?" 

Lader  says  the  idea  of  Renais- 
sance borrows  from  models  as  dis- 
parate as  the  Chautauqua  seminar 
movement  that  flourished  late  in 
the  last  century,  the  seminars  of 
the  Young  Presidents  Organization 
(a  group  of  chief  executives  who 
earn  their  rank  before  the  age  of 
forty),  and  church-fellowship  re- 
treats. He  also  mentions  journalist 
David  Broder's  1980  book  about 
power  and  leadership  in  America, 
Changing  of  the  Guard  (which,  as  it 
happens,  has  a  chapter  on  "Net- 
works"). From  its  start,  Renaissance 
has  been  a  family  affair.  And  it's 
been  strictly  an  off-the-record  af- 
fair. "I  know  of  not  one  breach  of 
confidentiality,"  Lader  says.  "Con- 
sidering what  many  of  these  people, 
often  public  figures,  have  talked  about, 
that's  incredible." 

In  February,  Renaissance  regular  Bill 
Clinton  named  Lader  deputy  director  for 
management  of  the  Office  of  Management 
and  Budget.  The  job  makes  him,  according 
to  the  White  House  announcement,  "the 
senior  administration  official  directly  respon- 
sible for  cutting  waste  and  inefficiency  in 
government  operations."  As  the  Council 
for  Excellence  in  Government,  a  non-par- 
tisan think  tank  of  former  senior  govern- 
ment officials,  sees  it,  Lader's  is  one  of  "the 
fifty-one  jobs  that  can  change  America." 

"I've  never  met  anyone  like  him,"  says 
Duke  assistant  dean  of  residential  life  and 
philosophy  professor  Benjamin  F.  Ward. 
Ward  received  a  Renaissance  invitation 
three  years  ago,  right  after  Lader,  then  on 
Duke's  alumni  association  board  of  direc- 
tors, heard  him  give  his  vision  of  liberal 
learning.  "Phil  has  remarkable  personal 
skills,  a  way  of  making  people  feel  at  ease 
with  him,  and  with  themselves.  You  sense 
a  genuineness  about  him,  and  you  feel  that 
you  have  a  link  with  him  that  is  real,  not  a 
matter  of  convenience  or  opportunism." 

As  one  newspaper  profile  put  it  two  years 


"I  know  of 

not  one  breach 

of  confidentiality," 

Lader  says.  "Considering 

what  many  of  these 

people,  often  public 

figures,  have  talked 

about,  that's  incredible." 


Renaissance  regulars:  columnist  Art  Buchwald  and 
organizer  Lader  mark  the  New  Year  in  their  usual  way 

ago,  "Phil  Lader's  life  looks  like  a  series  of 
short  stories."  It's  been  a  life  that  expresses 
a  classic  American  theme:  Success  can  come 
to  anyone  with  the  ambition  to  pursue  it. 
Back  in  1986,  when  he  was  in  the  midst  of 
a  run  for  the  governorship  of  South  Caro- 
lina, The  Charlotte  Observer  ran  a  profile 
with  this  sub-headline:  "Democrat  Phil 
Lader's  Intensity  Slices  Into  Relaxed  At- 
mosphere of  South  Carolina  Politics."  One 
of  Lader's  strategists  said  flatly,  "His  inten- 
sity got  him  where  he  is  today." 

Lader  grew  up  in  Queens,  New  York.  His 
parents  were  immigrants:  His  father  was 
from  Ukraine,  and  worked  as  a  short-order 
cook;  his  mother  was  from  North  Africa, 
with  Italian  and  French  roots,  and  started 
teaching  in  Catholic  schools  right  out  of 
high  school.  In  elementary  school,  he 
skipped  a  grade;  in  junior  high,  after  his 
family  moved  to  St.  Petersburg,  he  skipped 
another.  "When  I  first  went  to  high  school, 
I  was  put  in  a  vocational  training  pro- 
gram," he  recalls.  "The  counselor  looked  at 
my  family  and  did  not  necessarily  assume  I 
was   going   to   be   college-bound."   Lader 


shook  off  the  counselor,  and  the  low  expec- 
tations. He  went  on  to  earn  English  and 
debate  awards,  win  election  as  student 
body  president,  and  graduate  third  in  his 
class  of  500. 

From  his  part-time  job  as  a  maintenance 
worker  at  a  tennis  club,  Lader  made  friends 
with  doctors  and  lawyers  who  turned  his 
sights  toward  Duke.  He  was  impressed  also 
by  the  fact  that  a  couple  of  his  top-ranked 
former  schoolmates  had  made  Duke  their 
destination.  He  applied  under  the  early 
decision  plan,  and  was  admitted. 

Lader  majored  in  political  science  and 
compiled  an  achiever's  record:  president  of 
his  class,  election  to  honorary  societies, 
resident  adviser.  As  a  senior,  he  was  chair- 
man for  a  committee  that  organized  a  sym- 
posium called  "A  Question  of 
Values."  In  Renaissance-like  fash- 
ion, it  centered  on  "man's  search 
for  meaning  amidst  contempo- 
rary theological  reform  and  scien- 
tific revelation,"  according  to  a 
yearbook  retrospective.  Student 
affairs  vice  president  emeritus 
William  J.  Griffith  '50,  who  in- 
terviewed Lader  for  Duke  and 
played  tennis  with  him  occasion- 
ally, says  the  symposium  was  one 
of  the  campus'  "biggest  student 
g  operations"  and  one  of  its  most 
I  "intellectually  creative  pro- 
si  grams."  Lader,  says  Griffith,  "had 
|  the  ability  to  challenge  the  best 
1  of  his  peers." 

s  An  independent  study  under 
divinity  professor  Thomas  Lang- 
ford  B.D.  '54,  Ph.D.  '58,  now  Duke's 
provost,  made  a  deep  impression  on  Lader. 
His  subject  was  William  Temple,  Archbish- 
op of  Canterbury  between  the  world  wars 
and  an  intellectual  leader  among  the  Eng- 
lish philosophers  and  theologians  of  his 
time.  "To  choose  a  person  involved  in  these 
kinds  of  issues  was  natural  for  Phil,"  says 
Langford.  "Temple  was  interested  in  reli- 
gious issues,  ethical  issues,  political  issues, 
and  the  role  of  leadership  within  this  mix- 
ture." For  his  part,  Lader  says  that  thirty 
years  after  his  project,  one  of  Temple's  cen- 
tral credos  has  stayed  with  him:  "Governing 
is  the  art  of  ordering  life  so  that  self-interest 
prompts  what  justice  demands." 

Lader  took  a  year  at  the  University  of 
Michigan,  where  he  earned  a  master's 
degree  in  history.  From  there  he  spent  a  year 
at  Oxford,  where  he  concentrated  in 
jurisprudence  and  legal  philosophy,  then 
went  off  to  Harvard  Law  School.  On  the 
way  to  earning  his  law  degree,  he  also  car- 
ried a  considerable  load  as  a  teaching  fellow. 
Harvard — and  Michigan  and  Oxford 
before  that — provided  Lader  the  chance  to 
reclaim,  in  a  sense,  some  of  the  lost  oppor- 
tunities of  his  intense  undergraduate  years. 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


Going  through  school  and  college,  "I  was 
totally  focused  on  achievement,"  he  says. 
"There  weren't  many  folks  with  my  kind  of 
background  at  Duke.  I  was  probably  trying 
too  hard."  (One  of  his  classmates  says 
Lader  worked  to  build  himself  up  physical- 
ly, as  well  as  intellectually,  for  the  Rhodes 
Scholarship  interviews.  The  Rhodes  was 
one  goal  that  eluded  him.)  It  was  only 
later  that  "very  broad  horizons  were 
opened,  and  I  was  challenged  to  think 
more  philosophically,  more  globally,  to 
better  come  to  grips  with  less  intense  but 
no  less  meaningful  aspects  of  life." 

After  Harvard,  Lader  clerked  a  year  with 
the  Fifth  U.S.  Circuit  Court  of  Appeals, 
working  mostly  with  environmental  and 
civil  rights  law.  Then,  in  1972,  while  fulfill- 
ing his  Army  Reserve  obligation  at  Army 
summer  camp  in  Savannah,  he  visited 
Hilton  Head  and  met  developer  Charles 
Fraser.  The  next  year,  he  joined  Fraser's 
Hilton  Head  company,  Sea  Pines.  Sea  Pines 
was  known  for  "environmentally  compati- 
ble resort  development  from  northern  Vir- 
ginia to  Puerto  Rico,"  as  a  Columbia,  South 
Carolina,  newspaper,  The  State,  put  it.  But 
in  the  real  estate  collapse  of  the  Seventies, 
it  was  $300  million  in  debt  to  banks.  Sea 
Pines  worked  out  arrangements  with  its 
lenders  to  trade  property  for  debt  relief; 
Lader,  a  close  counsel  to  Fraser,  was  named 
president  of  the  company  in  1979.  Sea 
Pines  regained  its  positive  net  worth,  and 
much  of  the  company's  stock  was  sold  to  a 
Chicago  investment  group  in  1983. 

With  the  sale  of  Sea  Pines,  Lader  was 
hired  as  president  of  Winthrop  College  (now 
Winthrop  University)  in  Rock  Hill,  South 
Carolina.  Winthrop  "had  gotten  a  bit 
sleepy,"  Lader  says.  He  worked  to  renovate 
the  campus'  physical  plant,  toughen  acade- 
mic standards — re-imposing  mandatory 
final  exams,  for  example — and  introduce 
some  novel  curricular  changes,  including  a 
mandatory  contemporary-issues  seminar  for 
freshmen  and  a  requirement  that  students 
attend  a  certain  number  of  cultural  events. 
Lader's  inauguration  as  president  was  dubbed 
a  "rededication";  it  involved  speakers  like 
former  First  Lady  Rosalynn  Carter,  come- 
dian Bob  Hope,  and  Delaware  Governor 
Pete  Du  Pont. 

With  Winthrop's  appointment  of  a  pres- 
ident from  the  business  world,  "Inevitably, 
a  lot  of  us  had  some  uncertainties  and 
reservations  and  perhaps  some  suspicions," 
says  Winthrop  professor  Birdsall  Viault 
A.M.  '57,  Ph.D.  '63.  Viault  was  chair  of 
the  history  department  at  the  time.  "But  : 
from  the  day  he  arrived,  it  was  clear  how 
articulate,  bright,  and  energetic  Phil  was. 
He  has  a  remarkable  ability  to  infuse  others  i 
with  his  energy  and  enthusiasm.  And 
those  initial  reservations  were  very  quickly 
overcome.  Over  a  couple  of  years,  he  made 


THE  RENAISSANCE  SPIRIT:  CURIOSITY  AND  HONESTY 


People  who  attend 
Renaissance  often  talk 
about  "the  Renaissance 
spirit,"  and  despite  all  the  pub- 
licity this  year's  gathering  gen- 
erated, it  is  still  a  difficult  thing 
to  define.  I  like  to  think  of  it  as 
an  attitude  of  intellectual 
curiosity,  mixed  liberally  with 
tolerance,  humor,  and  a  gener- 
ous dollop  of  kindness.  Sure, 
there  is  networking,  but  for  me 
the  more  lasting  value  of 
Renaissance  is  that  it  is  a  rare 
second  chance  to  have  the 
kind  of  late-night  discussions 
we  had  as  students  at  Duke — 
long,  deep  talks  about  life, 
love,  work,  and  spiritual 
quests,  as  well  as  explorations 
of  policy-wonk  topics  like 
taxes  and  the  federal  deficit. 

The  difference  is  that 
Renaissance  embraces  people 
of  all  ages,  backgrounds,  and 
political  persuasions,  and  the 
rules  of  the  game  require  that 
everyone — whether 
homemaker,  child,  or  Nobel 
Prize  winner — participate  on  a 
panel.  "All  opinions  are  wel- 
come" is  a  phrase  that  is 
repeated  often.  The  effect  is 


that  the  more  pretentious  of  us 
are  forced  to  be  more  intellec- 
tually honest  than  usual. 

Four  Renaissance  Weekends 
ago,  for  instance,  I  found 
myself  on  a  panel  on  educa- 
tion— a  natural  fit  because  1 
was  then  covering  education 
for  Time.  To  my  left  was  the 
"education  governor"  of 
Arkansas,  Bill  Clinton.  To  my 
right  was  the  president  of  the 
University  of  Maryland,  the 
president  of  the  Coral  Gables 
P.T.A.,  the  president  of  Dart- 
mouth, and  a  high  school  stu- 
dent. With  a  parent  and  a  stu- 
dent present —  not  to  mention 
all  the  teachers,  college  profes- 
sors, and  children  in  the  audi- 
ence— it  was  impossible  for  the 
more  policy-prone  among  us  to 
get  away  with  the  usual  hot  air. 

The  sharing  of  personal  sto- 
ries cemented  many  of  our 
friendships  in  college,  but  in 
our  rushed  and  compartmen- 
talized adult  lives  it  rarely  hap- 
pens. Renaissance  fills  that  gap. 
This  year,  I  moderated  a  panel 
called  "Lessons  My  Family  Has 
Taught  Me,"  and  kicked  off  the 
discussion  by  telling  how  my 


older  brother's  early  death  sent 
shock  waves  through  my  fam- 
ily that  are  still  felt  to  this  day. 
That  afternoon,  a  man  who 
had  been  in  the  audience — a 
fellow  journalist  I  knew 
slightly — came  up  to  me  and 
said,  "Your  story  is  my  story." 
He  then  told  me  of  the  pain  his 
older  brother's  death  had 
inflicted  on  his  family  and  how 
impossible  it  was  for  them  to 
talk  about  it.  There  we  were, 
carrying  around  the  same  emo- 
tional baggage,  and  we  never 
would  have  known  it  if  it 
hadn't  been  for  Renaissance. 

—Susan  Tifft 


Tifft  '73  is  former  education 
editor  and  associate  editor  for 
Time  magazine  and  a  member 
of  the  Duke  Magazine 
Editorial  Advisory  Board. 
With  her  husband,  Alex 
Jones,  she  is  co-author  of  The 
Patriarch,  a  study  of 
Louisville's  Bingham  family, 
and  of  a  forthcoming  biog- 
raphy of  the  Ochs  and 
Sulzberger  families  of  The 
New  York  Times. 


a  lasting  impact  on  this  institution."  Viault 
describes  Lader  as  the  sort  of  accessible 
president  who  was  likely  to  be  spotted 
munching  with  students  in  the  college  cafe- 
teria. Some  old-timers  among  the  faculty 
consider  him  the  best  president  they've 
seen,  Viault  says. 

The  twenty-one-year  dean  of  Winthrop's 
business  school,  Jerry  Padgett,  calls  Lader  a 
remarkable  team-builder  and  credits  him 
with  "giving  this  campus  the  self-respect 
and  self-confidence  that  we  didn't  have." 
But  Padgett  acknowledges  that  Lader  was 
impatient  with  bureaucratic  processes  that — 
particularly  at  a  state-related  institution — 
can  stifle  innovation.  "The  academic  cul- 
ture, where  every  decision  takes  a  great  deal 
of  time,  is  quite  different  from  a  fast-paced 
industry  like  real  estate  development,"  says 
Padgett,  "and  that  was  an  adjustment  for 
Phil.  I  wouldn't  say  that  Phil  didn't  ruffle  a 
lot  of  feathers;  he  did,  as  anyone  would 
who  had  an  agenda  and  who  was  on  a  fast 
track  to  complete  it."  Lader  would  be  criti- 
cized for  speeding  the  renovation  of  two 
campus  buildings  in  violation  of  state  pur- 
chasing laws.  His  response  was  that  his 
timely  actions  "saved  the  state  money  and 
helped  our  students —  A  good  manager 
makes  tough  decisions  like  that  sometimes." 

Padgett  says  that  some  at  Winthrop 
resented  Lader's  short  stint  there.  In  his 
view,  though,  Lader  "gave  the  institution 
every  ounce  of  energy  he  had,  and  he 
focused  that  energy  on  accomplishing  the 


tasks  he  came  here  to  do."  (Padgett  also 
points  to  a  small  link  between  Lader's 
Winthrop  and  Renaissance  Weekend  rou- 
tines: For  the  college's  official  receptions, 
Lader  insisted  that  all  guests  wear  name  tags 
with  their  first  names  prominently  displayed.) 

A  long-time  friend  of  Lader,  Greensboro 
orthopaedic  surgeon  Rodney  Mortenson 
H.S.  '73,  recalls  an  early  attempt  to  lure 
Lader  away  from  Winthrop.  The  two  of 
them  were  hiking  in  Switzerland.  A  large 
New  York  bank,  which  had  its  parent 
company  in  Switzerland,  made  contact  with 
Lader.  Offering  him  a  position  that  carried 
an  "incredible"  salary,  the  bank  tried  to  get 
Lader  on  a  supersonic  Concord  flight  to 
New  York,  Mortenson  says.  There  it  would 
presumably  seal  the  deal  and  then  send  him 
back  to  finish  his  Swiss  vacation.  Lader, 
though,  still  had  a  Winthrop  agenda  to  ac- 
complish. He  cut  off  conversations  with  the 
bank.  "How  many  people  would  respond 
that  way?"  says  Mortenson.  "This  is  a  very- 
honorable  guy." 

But  Lader  was  lured  away  in  1986,  when 
he  left  to  run  in  the  South  Carolina 
Democratic  gubernatorial  primary.  Dean 
Padgett  says  Lader  simply  "thought  the 
time  was  right  for  him,  that  this  was  a  call- 
ing he  had  to  respond  to."  Though  a  polit- 
ical novice  and  a  non-South  Carolina 
native,  he  made  the  runoff.  Then  he 
decided  to  withdraw.  Lader  recalls:  "The 
night  of  the  primary  election,  we  held 
what  we  called  a  victory  celebration.  The 


March-April    J993 


Chariots  of  Fire  theme  was  playing,  and 
everybody  was  cheering.  Had  you  asked 
me  just  three  days  before  if,  given  all  that, 
I  would  have  dropped  out,  I  would  have 
said  no.  But  my  wife  and  I  became  con- 
vinced that  it  was  the  right  thing  to  do.  It 
was  another  two  weeks  until  the  runoff. 
And  I  recognized  that  the  campaign  would 
have  to  go  another  million  dollars  into  debt 
for  the  necessary  advertising,  and  to  win  we 
would  probably  have  to  get  negative." 

The  Democratic  nomination  went  to 
the  then-lieutenant  governor,  who  pro- 
ceeded to  lose  to  Carroll  Campbell,  now 
South  Carolina's  governor.  "Phil  would 
have  had  to  destroy  his  Democratic  oppo- 
nent," says  Mortenson.  "To  attack  some- 
body through  character  assassination — 
that's  something  he  wouldn't  tolerate.  So 
he  backed  away.  And  people  criticized 
him.  They  said  he  had  no  fire  in  his  belly. 
Well,  they  missed  the  point  entirely." 

Next  came  a  return  to  business  develop- 
ment, though  on  a  grander  scale  than  in  his 
Sea  Pines  days.  Lader  joined  General  Occi- 
dental (GOSL)  Acquisition  Corporation. 
GOSL  had  been  formed  by  British  corpo- 
rate-takeover entrepreneur  Sir  James  Gold- 
smith to  acquire  major  companies — among 
them,  Crown  Zellerbach  and  Diamond  Inter- 
national, both  on  the  Fortune  500  list.  As 
president  of  GOSL's  land  asset  management 
group,  Lader  managed  the  land  holdings  for 
all  the  companies  in  the  conglomerate. 

After  his  GOSL  phase,  Lader  took  some 
time  off  to  realize  a  long-held  ambition — 
climbing  Mount  Kilimanjaro,  the  highest 
mountain  in  Africa.  His  friend  Rod 
Mortenson  recalls:  "Phil  asked  me  if  I 
wanted  to  go.  It  was  not  exactly  high  on 
my  list,  but  I  wanted  to  be  with  Phil.  I'm 
very  athletic;  Phil  is  kind  of  a  couch  pota- 
to. So  my  job  was  to  get  Phil  up  for  this 
venture."  Mortenson,  though,  found  him- 
self almost  done  in  by  the  grueling  climb, 
which  took  a  week.  One  of  their  party 
would  die  of  a  heart  attack  from  the  effort. 
"I  was  so  sick  with  altitude  sickness  that  I 
couldn't  stand  it;  I  had  to  break  off  from 
the  rest  of  the  pack.  There  we  were  within 
three  hours  of  the  top,  and  Phil  said  if  I 
didn't  make  it,  he  wouldn't  make  it.  He 
would  climb  back  down  with  me.  Well,  he 
had  waited  fifteen  years  and  traveled 
15,000  miles  for  this.  I  couldn't  tolerate 
the  thought  of  his  not  fulfilling  his  wish." 

Then  a  cloud  cover,  which  had  obscured 
the  mountain's  summit,  lifted.  "I  could  see 
the  top,  as  if  somebody  had  turned  the 
floodlights  on,"  Mortenson  says.  Morten- 
son continued  the  climb  with  new  resolve. 
"We  got  to  the  top,  and  I  turned  to  Phil, 
and  I  tried  to  express  how  I  felt  that  he 
had  been  willing  to  let  go  of  this  goal  for 
my  sake.  He  was  crying.  It  was  so  powerful. 
Most  men  don't  know  how  to  care  for  an- 


other man.  But  this  is  just  the  kind  of  guy 
he  is;  he's  there  for  me  whatever  I  do.  Very 
few  people  can  help  Phil — he's  so  damn 
bright.  But  I  had  come  there  to  be  his 
friend.  The  way  it  ended  up,  he  was  there 
to  be  my  friend." 

Lader  next  placed  himself  at  the  summit 
of  civilization  as  we  know  it,  Washington, 
D.C,  as  president  of  Business  Executives 
for  National  Security  (BENS).  The  group 
sponsors  seminars  and  workshops  around 
the  country,  supports  adjunct  scholars  and 
defense  specialists  in  studying  defense 
issues,  and  lobbies  for  defense  management 
improvements.  BENS  lobbied  for  the  legis- 
lation that  led  to  a  joint  unified  command 
under  the  chairman  of  the  Joint  Chiefs, 
Lader  says,  as  well  as  for  "fly-before-buy" 
policies  covering  military  hardware. 


As  government  analysts 

see  it,  Lader's  is 

one  of  "the  fifty-one 

jobs  that  can 
change  America." 


The  summer  of  1991  brought  Lader  to 
what  he  calls  "another  one  of  these  insti- 
tutional turnaround  situations."  It  may  be 
the  most  remarkable  installment  in  his 
career  of  short  stories.  He  and  his  family 
moved  to  Australia,  where  Lader  became 
president  of  Bond  University.  The  school 
was  looking  for  a  candidate  who  had  been 
a  college  president,  who  had  done  corpo- 
rate turnarounds,  and  who  could  manage 
real  estate.  "It  was  as  if  Lader  had  written  the 


job  description  himself,"  noted  a  reporter 
for  The  State. 

In  Lader's  words,  "Like  my  previous 
career  moves,  it  made  no  sense  necessarily, 
but  it  sounded  like  a  great  family  adven- 
ture." One  of  the  first  people  he  sounded 
out  about  the  opportunity  was  "my  old 
friend  in  Arkansas,"  he  says.  "As  it  turned 
out,  I  was  12,000  miles  away  when  he  was 
running  for  president.  That  was  frustrating." 

Bond  University  was  born  in  the  early 
Eighties,  the  conception  of  Australian 
financier  Alan  Bond,  who  became  a  na- 
tional hero  when  his  yacht  grabbed  the 
America's  Cup.  Bond  is  the  first  and  only 
private  university  in  Australia;  it's  also  the 
only  one  with  a  core  curriculum,  which 
requires  exposure  to  computers,  communi- 
cations, management,  and  cultural  and 
ethical  values,  says  Jennifer  Ahrendt  '89. 
(On  a  Rotary  Fellowship,  Ahrendt  earned 
an  M.B.A.  at  Australia's  Queensland  Uni- 
versity. She  was  hired  by  Lader,  a  former 
neighbor  in  Hilton  Head,  to  recruit  Amer- 
ican graduate  students  and  junior-year- 
abroad  students  for  Bond.) 

To  get  the  campus  going,  the  Australian 
entrepreneur  teamed  with  Japanese  real 
estate  giant  EIE  International.  The  campus 
would  be  ringed  by  a  research  park  similar 
to  North  Carolina's  Research  Triangle.  It 
also  would  promote  retirement  living  in 
the  so-called  Gold  Coast,  which  attracts 
four  million  visitors  a  year.  ("The  university 
is  perfectly  placed  between  the  famous  surf 
beaches  and  the  peaceful  mountain  hinter- 
land," boasts  one  of  its  promotional 
brochures.)  Unfortunately,  the  Bond  cor- 
poration did  one  leveraged  buy-out  too 
many  and  went  bankrupt,  Lader  told  The 
State.  And  EIE,  hit  by  liquidity  woes, 
bowed  out  of  further  financial  involve- 
ment. But  the  research  park  did  attract 
Digital  Equipment  Corporation  and  some 
smaller  software  companies — including  the 
software-development  end  of  Hong  Kong's 
Jockey  Club,  the  organization  that  controls 
gambling  in  Hong  Kong  and  feeds  its  prof- 
its back  into  social  services. 

During  Lader's  eighteen-month  tenure, 
Bond  moved  from  a  $25-million  annual 
loss  to  break-even  operations,  increased 
enrollment  by  a  third,  and  produced  its 
first  Rhodes  Scholar.  To  build  an  interna- 
tional identity  for  Bond,  Lader  traveled  to 
Malaysia,  Brunei,  the  Philippines,  Japan, 
Singapore,  New  Zealand,  and  other  Pacific 
Rim  countries.  Now  a  quarter  of  Bond's 
students  are  from  countries  other  than 
Australia.  One  of  Lader's  favorite  memo- 
ries is  of  his  last  day  there — a  graduation 
send-off  by  a  choir  of  Fijian  students. 

Right  after  the  graduation  ceremony, 
Lader  left  Australia  in  summer  for  Wash- 
ington in  winter  and  the  O.M.B.  job.  The 
Washington    Post    commented    that    "the 


DUKE    MAGAZINE 


management  job  at  O.M.B.  has  never  re- 
ceived much  attention  at  the  White  House, 
but  Clinton's  team  plans  to  elevate  it. 
Lacier... is  expected  to  lead  the  charge  to 
fulfill  Clinton's  pledge  to  'reinvent  gov- 
ernment'— shifting  the  top-down  bureauc- 
racy to  an  entrepreneurial  style  that  gener- 
ates change  from  the  bottom  up."  But  at 
least  one  commentator  reacted  to  Lader's 
elevation  with  acerbity:  On  CNN's  Capital 
Gang,  host  Al  Hunt  of  The  Wall  Street 
Journal  singled  out  the  appointment  as  his 
personal  "Outrage  of  the  Week." 

If  Lader's  professional  life  resembles  a 
short-story  anthology,  Renaissance  has 
been  an  unbroken  theme.  Renaissance  was 
born  in  1981.  At  the  time,  Lader  was  in 
his  Sea  Pines  phase;  it  seemed  natural  to 
site  Renaissance  at  Hilton  Head  during 
the  seasonal  "down  time"  for  the  resort. 

The  Clintons,  including  daughter 
Chelsea,  have  participated  for  the  past 
eight  years.  (The  president-to-be's  name 
tag  read  "BILL  Clinton,  Little  Rock, 
Arkansas.")  Lader  first  invited  them,  he 
points  out,  after  Bill  lost  his  re-election  bid 
in  Arkansas.  "I  had  met  him  before,  and  it 
occurred  to  me  that  here  was  an  individual 
with  uncanny  intellectual  curiosity.  So  we 
don't  invite  people  simply  because  their 
careers  are  on  the  upswing  or  because  they 
have  a  particular  job." 

Press  accounts  have  looked  on  Renais- 
sance variously  as  a  "New  Age"  retreat  and 
a  grand  "networking"  exercise.  Such 
descriptions  miss  the  mark,  says  Duke  First 
Senior  Vice  President  Joel  L.  Fleishman. 
To  Fleishman,  a  long-timer  at  Renaissance 
Weekends  and  the  founding  director  of 
Duke's  public  policy  institute,  "the  accusa- 
tion that  this  is  nothing  but  a  networking 
opportunity  for  up-and-coming  yuppies  is  a 
real  bum  rap.  That  accusation  rankles.  It's 
the  same  kind  of  cynicism  that  gets  applied 
to  anything  that  amounts  to  an  effort  to  do 
any  good  in  the  world,  the  idea  that  it  must 
be  a  self-interested  way  of  getting  ahead." 

If  there's  anything  common  to  Renais- 
sance-goers, it's  an  "upbeat  and  positive" 
attitude,  Fleishman  says.  "You  don't  often 
find  people  there  who  are  profound  pes- 
simists. The  feeling  is  that  if  you  talk  about 
problems,  you  can  solve  them,  whether 
they're  your  own  personal  problems  or  the 
country's  problems." 

Lader  says  that  Renaissance  isn't  rooted 
in  any  particular  faith  or  doctrine.  But 
there  is  a  spiritual  quality  to  him,  and  to 
his  weekends,  which,  he  says,  grow  from  a 
recognition  of  "the  incredible  transforming 
power  of  ideas  and  of  relationships."  (Lader 
met  his  wife,  Linda  LeSourd,  in  1979 
while  she  was  attending  an  international 
Christian  retreat  at  Hilton  Head.  Lader's 
father  was  a  Jew  who  converted  to 
Catholicism  late  in  life;  his  mother  was  a 


"I  wouldn't  say  that 

Phil  didn't  ruffle 

a  lot  of  feathers,"  says 

a  former  colleague. 

"He  did,  as  anyone 

would  who  had  an 

agenda  and  who  was 

on  a  fast  track  to 

complete  it." 


Catholic;  and  Lader  himself  became  an 
Episcopalian  at  twenty-one.)  Says  Lader, 
"All  through  history  are  examples  of  good 
that  has  been  accomplished  through 
covenant  relationships  among  people  who 
are  committed  to  each  other  and  to  certain 
shared  values."  Lader  thinks  Renaissance 
participants  share  a  commitment  to  per- 
sonal growth,  to  grappling  with  "ultimate 
questions  on  a  deeply  personal  level,"  as  he 
puts  it.  "I  do  believe  that  on  Judgment 
Day,  we  will  be  asked  what  we  have  done 
with  the  talents  we've  been  given  and  how 
we  have  honored  our  relationships." 

The  texture  of  Renaissance  "would  not 
be  as  rich  if  the  group  were  weighted  with 
business  executives  or  politicos  or  acade- 
mics," Lader  says.  "One  of  the  regulars  is 
an  expert  on  dinosaurs.  Another  is  a  Wim- 
bledon champion.  Another  writes  chil- 
dren's books.  Another  is  an  environmental 
folksinger.  The  common  denominator  is 
that  they  practice  their  professions  with 
innovative  distinction  and  live  lives  of 
many  dimensions." 

Fleishman  says  he  doesn't  know  of  "a 
comparable  mix  of  people  who  get  together 
on  a  regular  basis  anywhere  in  the  coun- 
try.... I  have  seen  people  really  grow  in 
this  setting." 

"It  was  at  a  Renaissance  Weekend  that  I 
was  moved  to  see  Bill  Clinton  as  a  genuine 
presidential  candidate.  He  talked  about 
the  problems  he  had  growing  up.  He  lifted 
the  curtain  on  what  he  was  all  about. 
Hillary  said  later  that  she  had  never  before 
heard  Bill  say  those  things  in  public."  The 
sort  of  openness  encouraged  by  Renais- 
sance "is  Bill  and  Hillary  Clinton's  way  of 
life,"  Fleishman  says.  But  long  before  Bill 
Clinton,  "this  was  really  the  American 
way,"  he  adds.  "There  was  the  tradition  of 
American  gregariousness,  friendliness,  good 
neighborliness.  Clinton  is  just  the  most 
highly  visible  symbol  of  that  today." 


Even  with  the  media  build-up  and  their 
expanded  numbers,  Renaissance  partici- 
pants say  this  year's  weekend  wasn't 
changed  notably  by  the  presence  of  the 
president-elect.  They  all  describe  Clinton 
as  remarkably  approachable.  "There  was 
still  the  aura  of  trust  within  the  group," 
says  Duke's  Ben  Ward,  who  led  one  of  the 
New  Year's  toasts  to  the  Clintons  and 
played  on  the  opposing  team  in  the  famous 
Clinton  football  match.  ("Politically,  we 
thought  it  would  look  better  if  we  let  them 
win,"  he  says.)  "One  of  the  reasons  the 
Clintons  go  is  that  they  want  that  atmos- 
phere. You  may  sit  down  at  dinner  with 
someone  you've  seen  on  the  network  news 
two  nights  ago,  but  you  relate  to  them  in  a 
very  different  way,  not  as  a  public  person, 
but  as  a  person.  There  is  the  presumption 
of  good  will  and  the  expectation  of  shar- 
ing. And  that  encourages  letting  down 
one's  guard,  removing  one's  mask — the 
roles  we  tend  to  hide  behind." 

Renaissance  is  an  "extended  family"  for 
Lader  and  his  participants — though  a  very 
far-flung  family.  For  the  most  recent 
Renaissance  Weekend,  he  recruited  one  of 
Australia's  most  prominent  investment 
bankers,  the  head  of  the  largest  media 
company  there,  and  a  woman  who  man- 
ages a  sheep  station  in  the  Outback. 

And  branches  of  the  family  organize 
mini-versions  of  the  weekends.  Renais- 
sance regular  and  Duke  trustee  John  Koski- 
nen  '61,  who  first  met  Lader  on  Duke's  pub- 
lic policy  visiting  board,  says  Renaissance 
participants  come  together  every  other 
month  or  so  in  the  Washington  area. 
Lader  mentions  similar  gatherings  in  San 
Francisco,  New  York,  Dallas,  and  Chicago. 
Some  Clinton  observers  took  note  of  the 
parallels  between  Renaissance  and  the 
president's  Camp  David  retreat  for  his  cab- 
inet— a  retreat  that  featured  friendly  name 
tags  and  unencumbered  conversation. 

Phil  Lader  is  just  beginning  his  story  of 
government  service,  joining  an  administra- 
tion that  includes  Renaissance-goers  like 
Walter  Dellinger,  White  House  associate 
counsel  and  Duke  law  professor,  and  Ira 
Magaziner,  coordinator  for  Hillary  Rodham 
Clinton's  task  force  on  health  care.  What- 
ever the  outcome  of  the  story  and  the 
administration,  it's  a  sure  bet  that  the  long- 
running  Renaissance  theme  will  persist. 
Jump  ahead  to  next  New  Year's  Eve.  The 
extended  family  gathered  at  Hilton  Head 
holds  hands  and  sings  "Auld  Lang  Syne." 

There's  little  doubt  about  finding  "BILL" 
in  the  circle,  maybe  or  maybe  not  identi- 
fied with  "Little  Rock,  Arkansas."  But  the 
guiding  presence  will  be  the  choirmaster, 
"PHIL,"  summoning  up  the  spirit  of  renew- 
al for  his  Renaissance  group,  for  America, 
for  himself.  ■ 


M. 


h- April    199  3 


I 

RUNNING 

ON 
\/W  ENERGY 

BY  MONTE  BASGALL 

I 

JOHN  MADEY: 

Madey  (inset)  and 

the  laser  lab:  a 

budget  effort  that 

leaves  visitors 

dumbfounded 

LASER  TRAILBLAZER 

A  Duke  physicist  made  an  intellectual  leap  with  his 

invention  of  the  free-electron  laser,  now  being  used 

as  a  research  tool  in  medicine,  materials  science, 

biology,  and  microelectronics. 

■  s  physicist  John  M.J.  Madey  a  new 
H  Prometheus?  The  ancient  Greeks  cast 
H  Prometheus  as  a  Titan  who  stole  fire 
H  from  heaven  as  a  gift  to  man.  Madey 
invented  the  free-electron  laser  as  a  means 
to  turn  electricity  directly  into  a  powerful 
beam  of  an  extraordinary  kind  of  light — so 
extraordinary  that  he  thinks  it  will  prove 
to  be  a  great  gift  to  science  and  technology. 
Madey,  the  director  of  Duke's  Free-Elec- 
tron Laser  Laboratory  and  a  professor  of 
physics,    sees    his    brainchild    as    another 
potential  milestone  in  humankind's  mas- 
tery of  energy.  He  compares  it  to  the  con- 
version of  chemical  energy  into  heat  in 
fire,  the  conversion  of  heat  to  mechanical 
power  in  the  steam  engine,  the  conversion 
of  mechanical  power  into  electricity,  of 
electricity  into  radio  waves,  and  of  nuclear 
energy  into  heat. 

"If  you  look  at  all  the  steps  that  have 
preceded    it,    they    have    fundamentally 
reshaped   civilization,"   he   says,    standing 
amid  a  bewildering  array  of  technical  gadg- 
etry.  "There  is  no  question  in  my  mind 
that  if  we  can  contribute  to  the  mastery  of 

this  technology,  it  may  have  a  comparable 
effect  on  our  civilization  a  hundred  years 
from  now — impertinent  as  that  sounds." 

But  the  Prometheus  legend  has  a  down 
side.  Because  of  Prometheus'  charity  to 
humans,  the  vengeful  god  Jupiter  arranged 
for  a  vulture  to  prey  continually  on  his  liver. 

Madey — a  big,  energetic  man  who  wears 
thick  glasses,  is  partial  to  plain  white  shirts, 
and  denies  rumors  that  he  stays  awake  for 
days  at  a  time — says  he  has  had  his  share  of 
troubles  as  well,  both  in  finding  funding 
and  acceptance  for  his  brainchild. 

Lasers  are  often  taken  for  granted  in  this 
technology-glutted  era.  Lecturers  may  non- 
chalantly aim  a  laser  pointer's  red  light  at 
a  diagram  without  even  thinking  about  the 
flashlight-sized  device's  complicated  physics. 
And  we  pay  little  mind  to  the  lasers  inside 
compact  disc  players  or  supermarket  price 
code  checkers.  Even  lasers  in  hospital 
operating  rooms  are  becoming  increasingly 
routine. 

But  there  is  nothing  routine  about  the 
Mark  III  free-electron  laser  (FEL),  an  im- 
posing sixty-foot  machine  of  electrical  cables, 

DUKE   MAGAZINE 


SB** 


hoses,  pipes,  and  mirrors  now  operating  in 
Madey's  lab.  Most  visitors  to  the  lab,  located 
near  the  Physics  Building  and  the  Levine 
Science  Research  Center  now  under  con- 
struction, will  never  see  the  Mark  III  itself. 
The  big  laser's  innards  must  stay  inside  a 
concrete  tunnel  as  protection  against  the 
fleeting  radiation  created  when  it's  operat- 
ing. Only  the  FEL's  pencil-thin  beams  of 
intense,  pulsing  infrared  laser  light  actually 
leave  the  tunnel.  In  fact,  visitors  don't  see 
its  output  either,  because  infrared  wave- 
lengths are  invisible  to  the  human  eye. 

Because  of  the  laser  light's  invisibility, 
flashing  red  warning  beacons  broadcast  the 
alert  whenever  the  laser  is  on.  Invisible  or 
not,  stray  beams  can  do  harm,  so  workers 
and  visitors  must  wear  special  goggles  or 
glasses  to  guard  against  eye  damage.  Driv- 
en by  a  40-million-volt  stream  of  elec- 
trons, the  Mark  III  produces  laser  light 
intense  enough  to  drill  through  metal. 

As  its  name  suggests,  a  FEL — Madey's 
new  fire — is  powered  by  energized  elec- 
trons that  have  been  liberated  from  their 
usual  bondage  to  atoms.  These  free  elec- 
trons get  accelerated  in  the  Mark  III  on 
the  backs  of  radio  waves,  something  like 
tiny  subatomic  surfers.  Then,  special 
"undulator"  electromagnets  force  them  to 
wiggle  back  and  forth.  The  wiggling  causes 
them  to  emit  laser  light  that  can  be  gath- 
ered by  being  bounced  back  and  forth 
between  mirrors  into  laser  beams  of  unusu- 
al power  and  flexibility. 

While  all  lasers  depend  on  excited  elec- 
trons to  make  light,  only  FELs  can  use  the 
raw  energy  of  unfettered  electrons.  Ac- 
cording to  Madey,  that  means  FELs  have 
the  potential  to  have  more  power  and  oper- 
ate more  efficiently  than  any  other  kind  of 
lasers.  The  electrons  in  all  other  lasers  are 
strait-jacketed  within  atoms  and  are  there- 
fore constrained  to  emit  laser  light  at  wave- 
lengths dictated  by  the  atom's  structure. 
But  the  free-electron  laser  can  be  tuned  by 
simply  changing  the  characteristics  of  the 
free-electron  beam  and  how  it  interacts 
with. the  undulator.  That  tunability,  in  a 
range  of  wavelengths  that  are  invisible  to 
humans,  is  another  special  feature  of  FELs. 

Madey's  Mark  III  is  one  of  the  world's 
two  most  powerful  tunable  infrared  lasers. 
And  it  may  soon  be  the  most  powerful, 
thanks  to  technical  innovations  home- 
grown at  Duke. 

"This  is  a  scientific  and  technological 
development  that  has  attracted  enormous 
attention,"  says  Frank  C.  De  Lucia,  Ohio 
State  University's  physics  department 
chair  and  a  former  Duke  physics  depart- 
ment chair  who  helped  recruit  Madey  from 
Stanford  University  to  Durham.  "The  idea 
that  you  can  make  a  laser  based  on  free  elec- 
trons rather  than  bound  electrons  is  a  real 
intellectual  leap.  Even  more,  to  figure  out 


Madey  envisions 

powerful  infrared  lasers 

beaming  energy  from 

Earth  to  encircling 

satellites  or  even  to 

bases  on  the  moon. 


how  to  do  it  is  a  remarkable  achievement." 

What's  remarkable  about  all  laser  light 
is  that  it's  "coherent" — a  parallel  beam  of 
light  waves  of  the  same  wavelengths, 
undulating  along  in  lockstep.  A  laser  beam 
does  not  spread  like  a  searchlight,  but 
remains  in  its  tight  formation.  By  contrast, 
ordinary  household  light  is  a  confusing 
mix  of  wavelengths,  with  even  stray  beams 
of  the  same  wavelength  out  of  sync  with 
other  beams. 

Because  of  the  laser's  intensity  and  con- 
formity, it  can  be  used  as  a  precision  tool 
to  zap  atoms  into  an  excited  state  or  to 
slice  through  materials.  FELs  are  especially 
powerful  and  adaptable  explorers  of  the 
unseen  wavelengths — infrared,  ultraviolet, 
and  X-ray.  Though  invisible,  infrared  light 
can  be  felt  as  heat,  ultraviolet  light  can 
cause  sunburns  or  cataracts,  and  X-rays 
can  cause  radiation  damage.  While  these 
wavelengths  can  burn,  or  even  maim, 
Madey's  invention  is  intended  to  exploit 
their  better  traits. 

Although  still  in  their  infancy,  FELs  are 
already  being  used  as  research  tools  in 
medicine,  materials  science,  biology,  and 
microelectronics.  The  military  has  mulled 
using  coherent  X-ray  FEL  light  as  a  power- 
ful probe  that  could  differentiate  real  bal- 
listic missiles  warheads  from  balloon- like 
dummies,  says  Madey,  who  adds,  "the  capa- 
bility to  generate  light  at  these  extended 
wavelengths  is  analogous  to  the  advantage 
Superman  has  with  his  X-ray  vision." 

Looking  into  the  future,  he  envisions 
powerful  infrared  FELs  beaming  energy 
from  Earth  to  encircling  satellites  or  even 
to  bases  on  the  moon.  Another  futuristic 
possibility  is  using  FELs  to  provide  heat  for 
advanced  rocket  propulsion  systems.  Power- 
ful ultraviolet  FELs  might  be  used  to  break 
apart  the  molecular  bonds  of  toxic  chemi- 
cals like  dioxins  so  that  nothing  is  left  but 
individual  atoms,  eliminating  the  uncer- 
tainties of  hazardous  waste  incinerators. 

But  Madey  cautions  that  FEL  technolo- 
gy is  more  likely  to  advance  in  slow  and 
deliberate  increments  rather  than  in  spectac- 
ular leaps.  In  keeping  with  that  view,  Duke 


ophthalmology  professor  M.  Bruce  Shields 
and  Sayoko  Moroi,  a  resident  in  surgery  and 
ophthalmology,  will  soon  begin  exploiting 
the  Mark  III  FEL's  power  and  tunability  in 
experiments  to  improve  the  outcome  of 
laser  surgery  to  correct  glaucoma. 

In  glaucoma  operations,  physicians  make 
tiny  holes,  called  "shunts,"  in  the  eye  to 
relieve  internal  pressure  that  can  other- 
wise lead  to  blindness.  Like  other  kinds  of 
infrared  lasers,  the  Mark  Ill's  beam  will 
not  be  blocked  or  distorted  by  the  eye's 
watery  environment  as  would  visible  wave- 
lengths. Its  powerful  infrared  light  will  eas- 
ily produce  a  hole  in  the  eye.  The  Mark  III 
also  has  another  feature  common  in  surgi- 
cal lasers.  Its  energy  rapidly  pulses  on  and 
off,  every  two-trillionths  of  a  second.  The 
rapid  pulse  rate,  combined  with  the  range 
of  possible  infrared  wavelengths,  are  in- 
tended to  allow  the  searing  heat  of  the 
beam  to  be  rapidly  dissipated.  The  aim  is 
to  avoid  any  scar  tissue  that  could  later 
clog  the  shunt. 

"For  probably  a  century,  we  have  been 
creating  shunts  with  more  traditional  sur- 
gical techniques,"  says  Shields.  "We  are 
now  finding  we  can  replace  the  surgical 
blade  with  the  laser.  But  one  of  the  things 
we  don't  know  is  the  best  type  of  laser  to 
use  for  an  operation."  Because  of  its 
adjustability,  the  Mark  III  can  mimic  the 
effects  of  a  variety  of  other  kinds  of 
infrared  lasers,  a  capability  that  might  pro- 
vide Shields  and  Moroi  an  answer. 

Meanwhile,  the  lab  of  Duke  researcher 
Ann  LeFurgey,  an  assistant  professor  of 
cell  biology,  will  use  the  Mark  III  with  a 
special  microscope  to  study  cellular  dam- 
age from  laser  light.  "There  is  so  little 
known  about  the  effects  of  lasers,  whether 
it  is  the  free-electron  laser  or  any  other 
surgical  laser,  on  the  function  of  the  cell," 
she  says.  "We  think  what  we  will  do  will 
be  groundbreaking.  I  think  laser  approach- 
es to  surgery  in  general  will  become  much 
more  important  over  the  next  few  years." 

LeFurgey's  multidisciplinary  team,  which 
includes  physicist  Peter  Ingram,  patholo- 
gist John  D.  Shelburne  M.D.  70,  Ph.D. 
'71,  and  physiologist  Craig  Freudenrich, 
hopes  to  use  a  fluorescent  microscope  to 
pinpoint  the  tiny  chemical  reactions 
occurring  within  individual  cells  in 
response  to  lasers.  A  fluorescent  micro- 
scope identifies  compounds  of  interest  by 
causing  them  to  glow.  LeFurgey  suggests 
one  possible  way  of  minimizing  laser  dam- 
age: adding  a  wavelength-blocking  dye  to 
cells  that  need  protection.  The  converse 
may  also  be  possible:  adding  chemicals 
that  amplify  the  effects  of  laser  light  so 
that  tumor  cells,  for  instance,  could  be  dif- 
ferentially destroyed. 

While  research  with  the  Mark  III  is  just 
beginning   at   Duke,    Madey   has   already 


14 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


started  assembling  a  much-bigger  FEL 
array  that  will  use  electrons  accelerated  to 
energy  levels  of  between  300  million  and 
1.3  billion  electron  volts.  Rushing  from  the 
tunnel,  these  supercharged  electrons  will 
then  enter  a  352-foot  "racetrack"  where 
they  will  circle  at  high  speeds  until  they 
can  be  used  to  make  ultraviolet  and  X-ray 
laser  light.  The  big  future  racetrack,  tech- 
nically an  electron  storage  ring,  already 
fills  much  of  the  FEL  lab's  largest  room.  A 
giant  oval  pipe,  it  is  itself  ringed  with  102 
electromagnets  to  keep  the  stream  of  elec- 
trons inside  in  perfect  alignment.  The 
engineers  and  physicists  will  maintain  the 
pipe  at  a  vacuum  as  empty  as  deep  space  to 
keep  the  electrons  from  colliding  with  any 
stray  air  molecules. 

While  technicians  continue  to  uncrate 
and  hook  up  equipment,  Madey  is  busy 
raising  funds  for  additional  lasers  that 
would  draw  electrons  from  the  ring.  His 
lab  has  an  extensive  research  agenda  that 
will  depend  on  the  new  lasers — for  exam- 
ple, possible  X-ray  lithographic  techniques 
that  could  imprint  ultramicroscopic  com- 
puter circuits  sixty  times  smaller  than  are 
now  possible.  Another  potential  project, 
using  two  FELs  together,  could  create 
three-dimensional  holographic  blowups  of 
microscopic  crystals,  and  also  study  heat- 
ing effects  on  the  crystal  surfaces  lasting 
only  trillionths  of  a  second. 

As  one  of  his  first  additions,  Madey 
wants  to  transfer  an  experimental  ultravio- 
let FEL  from  Siberia  to  Duke.  Seizing  on 
an  opportunity  to  benefit  from  changes  in 
the  former  Soviet  Union,  he  flew  last 
spring  to  the  Budker  Institute  of  Nuclear 
Physics,  a  research  center  in  Novosobirsk, 
Russia,  and  negotiated  a  tentative  agree- 
ment with  his  Russian  colleagues.  Then  he 
began  to  make  the  rounds  of  federal  agen- 
cies seeking  $4  million  to  move,  install, 
and  operate  the  Russian  FEL,  technically 
called  the  OK-4  optical  klystron. 

It  may  be  an  uphill  battle.  While  the 
Department  of  Defense  has  been  his  tradi- 
tional mainstay  for  laser  research  grants, 
the  cold  war  is  now  over.  Politicians,  and 
the  military  brass,  are  reassessing  the  Pen- 
tagon's roles  in  the  New  World  Order.  "It's 
entirely  a  new  ball  game,"  Madey  acknowl- 
edges. "I  think  that  everyone  is  going  to 
wait  to  see  what  the  new  directives  of  the 
Clinton  administration  are  to  decide 
where  they  are  going  to  place  their  bets  for 
the  next  four  years."  Duke  adjunct  profes- 
sor Bobby  D.  Guenther,  who  heads  the 
physics  division  at  the  U.S.  Army  Re- 
search Office  in  Research  Triangle  Park, 
North  Carolina,  adds,  "I'm  worrying  about 
anybody  getting  funding." 

Uphill  battles  are  nothing  new  to  Madey. 
He  recalls  that  a  review  panel  of  distin- 
guished scientists  concluded  in  1972  that 


Madey  keeps  his  costs 
down  by  scrounging 
up  free  and  discount 

parts.  He  paid 
nothing  for  one  piece 

of  equipment — a 
$3 -million  undulator. 


his  early  notion  of  a  free-electron  laser  was 
"ill-conceived  and  showed  little  technical 
promise."  Even  though  he  was  only  a  grad- 
uate student  at  the  California  Institute  of 
Technology  and  Stanford,  he  persevered 
and  developed  the  first  working  FEL.  "I 
was  somewhat  put  off  by  the  failure  of 
some  faculty  members  I  met  with  to  ap- 
preciate the  possibilities,"  he  says.  "But  it 
never  concerned  me  in  any  fundamental 
way,  because  I  knew  where  they  were  going 
wrong.  It  was  their  problem,  not  mine." 

Madey  says  he  got  the  idea  for  a  free- 
electron  laser  while  taking  a  course  at  Cal 
Tech  for  his  master's  degree.  His  professor, 
Amnon  Yariv,  thought  his  brainchild 
"seemed  as  though  it  had  merit  and 
encouraged  me  to  proceed,"  recalls  Madey. 
His  later  Ph.D.  adviser  at  Stanford,  former 
Duke  professor  William  Fairbank,  "also 
thought  it  was  a  nifty  idea,"  says  Madey. 
Nevertheless,  he  did  his  early  free-electron 
laser  investigations  on  his  own  time.  With 
some  experts  arguing  that  the  concept 
would  never  work,  he  says  he  did  not 
request  government  funding  or  the  use  of 
university  laboratory  space  until  he  had 
prepared  a  manuscript  for  publication  and 
filed  for  privately  held  patents.  He  paid  for 
the  patent  search  himself. 

"He  is  bold,  tenacious,  and  absorbed  in 
his  work,"  Ohio  State's  De  Lucia  says  of 
Madey.  "I  think  he  has  an  absolute  deter- 
mination to  push  these  things  through  to  a 
successful  conclusion." 

What's  left  of  the  world's  first  FEL  now 
sits  outside  Madey's  FEL  lab.  It's  a  20-foot- 
long  blue  tank  with  an  undulator  magnet 
hidden  inside.  The  laser  used  electrons 
driven  by  an  advanced  superconducting 
accelerator  developed  at  Stanford.  The 
blue  tank  held  liquid  helium,  a  requirement 
to  achieve  the  frigid  temperatures  needed 
for  superconductivity.  Madey's  Ph.D.  was 
actually  in  low-temperature  physics 
research,  though  he  hasn't  worked  in  that 
field  since  obtaining  his  degree,  he  says. 

His  next  project,  a  collaboration  with 


French  researchers,  resulted  in  the  world's 
first  FEL  operating  at  visual  wavelengths. 
Then  he  began  his  third  project,  the  Mark 
III  infrared  FEL,  "at  the  request  of  a  group 
of  physicians  and  surgeons  who  were  inter- 
ested in  a  laser  light  source  to  support  their 
medical  research." 

Madey's  first  government  funding  was 
also  a  kind  of  fluke.  The  Air  Force  Office 
of  Scientific  Research  happened  to  have  a 
temporary  physics  director  who  liked  his 
ideas  even  after  others  in  the  Air  Force 
had  rejected  funding  them.  "Jack  Gregory 
had  a  master's  degree  in  electrical  engi- 
neering from  Stanford  and  was  a  military 
officer.  His  position  was  normally  held  by 
rather  senior  Ph.D.s.  So  I  think  it  was  his 
enthusiasm  and  inexperience  which  led  to 
the  first  government  funding.  I  would  be 
rather  surprised,  seeing  what  life  has  been 
like  since,  if  I  would  have  had  success  in  a 
conventional  situation." 

Over  the  years,  Madey  says,  he  has 
spent  about  $30  million  to  develop  various 
FELs.  Some  of  the  money  came  from  royal- 
ties on  his  original  free-electron  laser 
patents.  But  the  bulk  of  it  came  from 
Defense  Department  agencies  such  as  the 
Air  Force  Office  of  Scientific  Research, 
the  Office  of  Naval  Research,  the  Army 
Research  Office,  and  a  special  Strategic 
Defense  Initiative  ("Star  Wars")  fund  for 
medically-related  laser  research.  While 
Madey  has  never  been  engaged  in  weapons 
research,  lasers  do  have  plenty  of  potential 
military  roles.  During  the  Persian  Gulf 
War,  for  instance,  they  helped  missiles  and 
"smart  bombs"  find  their  way  to  their  targets. 

Madey  keeps  his  costs  down  in  part  by 
scrounging  up  free  and  discount  parts.  He 
says  he  paid  nothing  for  one  piece  of  equip- 
ment— a  $3-million  undulator  that  he 
plans  to  use  to  produce  "soft"  X-rays — after 
the  original  purchaser,  the  National  Insti- 
tute of  Standards  and  Technology,  ran  out 
of  money.  The  Russians  have  agreed  to 
give  Duke  their  OK-4  at  no  charge  for  the 
equipment,  if  Madey  can  find  money  to 
move  and  operate  the  laser  and  also  pay 
the  salaries  of  some  Russian  scientists.  The 
Russians  have  already  sold  Madey's  lab 
about  $250,000  worth  of  other  unique 
hardware  that  was  "unavailable  from  any 
other  source  at  any  price,"  he  says.  He  esti- 
mates that  hardware  would  have  cost  about 
$1  million  if  his  lab  had  to  make  it  itself. 
The  Duke  FEL  lab  already  employs  Russian 
laser  experts,  some  of  whom  formerly 
worked  for  the  Soviet  military.  OK-4 
developer  Vladimir  N.  Litvinenko,  who 
worked  for  a  leading  Soviet  laser  lab, 
though  not  for  the  military,  is  now  a  Duke 
research  associate  professor.  Litvinenko 
has  an  office  right  across  the  hall  from 
Madey,  who  believes  he  could  employ 
about  a  thousand  Russians  in  peaceful  laser 


March-April    19  9  3 


research  if  he  could  afford  them  all. 

Madey  says  he  also  economizes  by 
giving  young  graduate  students  and 
post-doctoral  researchers  much  of  the 
responsibility  that  would  otherwise 
fall  on  "graybeard"  senior  scientists. 
He  argues  that  he  has  thus  managed 
to  avoid  the  kind  of  bloat  he  claims 
has  infected  the  big  national  labora- 
tories. They  have  inflated  the  cost  of 
science  in  the  United  States,  he 
claims,  "to  the  point  that  we  have 
lost  confidence  in  our  ability  to  do 
such  projects  on  a  modest  scale  with- 
in a  university  or  a  small  laboratory 
setting."  He  spent  less  than  $150,000 
to  build  the  Mark  III  while  at  Stan- 
ford, he  says. 

Budget  effort  though  it  may  be,  the 
scope  of  the  Duke  FEL  lab  still  some- 
times leaves  visitors  dumbfounded, 
Madey  says.  And  the  enthusiasm 
among  the  lab's  staff  of  forty-five  is 
epidemic,  says  David  Straub  '59, 
M.D.'65,  Ph.D.'68,  who  is  the  associ- 
ate chief  of  staff  at  the  Veterans 
Administration  Hospital  in  Little 
Rock,  Arkansas.  A  physician  with 
expertise  in  laser  technology,  Straub  heads 
a  committee  that  schedules  use  of  the 
Mark  III  by  Duke  and  non-Duke  re- 
searchers, an  arrangement  designed  to  cir- 
cumvent bias  (local  researchers  do  get  pri- 
ority). "There  are  lots  of  things  of  interest 
to  technology  that  we're  exploring,"  says 
Straub.  "There  is  a  lot  of  capability  that 
we  haven't  touched  yet." 

On  sabbatical  leave  at  the  FEL  lab, 
Straub  was  elated  just  before  Christmas  by 
one  such  discovery.  Post-doc  research  asso- 
ciate Eric  Szarmes,  one  of  about  twenty 
people  who  had  moved  with  Madey  from 
Stanford  to  Duke,  was  perfecting  a  wave- 
length "mode  enhancement"  technique 
that  could  make  the  Mark  III  the  world's 
most  powerful  infrared  FEL.  Like  putting 
many  eggs  in  a  few  baskets,  mode  en- 
hancement allows  most  of  the  Mark  Ill's 
energy  output  to  be  concentrated  into 
fewer  wavelengths.  It  could  make  the 
Mark  III  forty  times  more  powerful  than  its 
rival  at  Vanderbilt  University. 

The  Vanderbilt  laser  is  a  virtual  copy  of 
the  Mark  III,  and  was  built  by  a  Madey- 
founded  company.  Other  FELs  operating 
in  the  United  States  are  at  the  University 
of  California-Santa  Barbara  and  at  Stan- 
ford. According  to  Madey,  the  Duke  and 
Vanderbilt  machines  are  the  most  power- 
ful of  the  four  and  also  the  ones  most 
involved  in  medical  research. 

Madey  became  embroiled  in  controversy 
in  1988  when  he  announced  he  would 
leave  Stanford  and  take  his  Mark  III  FEL 
with  him.  He  says  Stanford  precipitated 
his  decision  when  it  announced  plans  to 


Cross-cultural  collaboration:  laser  scientist  Vladimir 

Litvinenko ,  who  worked  for  a  leading  Soviet  laser  lab, 

is  now  a  Duke  research  associate  professor 


take  an  additional  $1.5  million  from  his 
annual  FEL  research  funding  to  cover  in- 
creasing indirect  overhead  costs.  That's  the 
portion  of  research  grant  money  diverted 
to  pay  for  utilities  and  administration.  He 
considered  the  new  levels  intolerable. 

Though  he  was  approached  by  a  number 
of  other  universities — Cornell,  Utah,  the 
University  of  California-San  Diego,  and 
the  University  of  Texas  at  Austin — Madey 
decided  to  come  to  Duke.  He  was  already 
familiar  with  its  campus  from  professional 
contacts  with  people  such  as  De  Lucia  and 
Guenther.  Duke,  in  turn,  agreed  to  build  a 
$6-million  FEL  lab  for  Madey,  and  make 
him  a  full  professor. 

His  decision  to  move  provoked  a  fire- 
storm back  at  Stanford.  A  university  news 
release  said  his  departure  would  be  "a  sig- 
nificant loss,"  but  it  also  cited  his  "strong 
differences  with  other  faculty  doing  laser 
research."  While  Madey  says  he  still  has 
"warm  regards  for  my  Stanford  colleagues, 
and  I  tried  to  bring  as  many  of  them  as  I 
could  along  with  me,"  the  San  ]ose  Mercury 
News  reported  that  some  co-researchers 
found  him  "authoritative  and  abrasive," 
adding  that  Stanford  was  disputing 
Madey's  claim  to  some  laser  equipment. 

Madey  also  says  he  was  bothered  by  the 
decline  in  the  quality  of  life  during  his  years 
in  the  San  Francisco  Bay  area.  "I  think  every- 
one I  worked  with  just  felt  a  great  sense  of 
pressure,  in  part  from  things  like  indirect 
costs,  in  part  from  the  cost  of  living  and  the 


congestion.  It  was  clearly  not  a  healthy 
environment."  As  his  very  personal  tes- 
timonial to  the  change,  Madey  finally 
decided  to  wed,  well  into  his  forties, 
and  married  Susan  Bleifus,  his  former 
Stanford  lab  administrator.  They  now 
have  a  son.  Why  did  he  wait  so  long? 
"Part  of  it  was  the  sense  of  pressure,"  he 
explains.  "There  just  wasn't  time  for  a 
personal  life." 

At  a  black-tie  dinner  in  Raleigh  last 
November,  a  tuxedo-clad  Madey  picked 
up  a  North  Carolina  Award — the  Tar 
Heel  State's  highest  honor — from  then- 
Governor  James  G.  Martin.  Flying  down 
for  the  occasion  was  Earl  Shaw,  a  Rut- 
gers University  physics  professor,  who 
would  later  reflect  on  how  Madey 
changed  his  life.  Shaw,  who  spent 
twenty-two  years  at  Bell  Laboratories 
in  Murray  Hill,  New  Jersey,  says  he 
was  so  impressed  by  the  concept  of  the 
FEL  that  he  became  an  avid  free-elec- 
i  tron  laser  researcher  himself,  begin- 
sning  in  the  early  Eighties.  By  1991  he 
|  had  built  his  own  working  infrared 
5  FEL  at  Bell  Labs,  and  is  now  in  the 
process  of  reassembling  that  device  on 
Rutgers'  Newark,  New  Jersey,  campus.  In 
the  years  in  between,  Shaw  recalls,  Madey 
freely  gave  his  time  to  help  him  grasp  the 
complicated  technology. 

"It  could  not  have  happened  without 
John's  generosity  in  sharing  and  communi- 
cating ideas  from  one  researcher  to  another," 
he  says.  "I  consider  John  to  be  the  father  of 
this  technology,  and  a  lot  of  us  have  been 
fortunate  to  be  working  at  a  time  when  we 
could  all  benefit  from  his  pioneering." 

Madey  remains  philosophical  about  being 
branded  as  unconventional.  "The  most  in- 
fluential projects  are  the  hardest  ones  to 
get  started,"  he  says.  "If  something  is  really 
new,  it  is  not  appreciated,  and  it  is  usually 
actively  opposed,  either  because  it  is  not 
understood  or  because  it  threatens  some 
existing  construct." 

Looking  back  in  time,  Madey  recalls 
Italian  astronomer  Galileo's  battle  with 
the  Roman  Catholic  Church  over  the  idea 
that  Earth  orbited  the  Sun,  and  inventor 
Thomas  Edison's  conflict  with  New  York's 
gas  company,  which  had  the  foresight  to 
see  that  his  electric  light  bulb  threatened 
the  gaslight's  future. 

"There  is  a  quote  from  a  historian,"  he 
says,  "along  the  lines  of:  The  most  difficult 
course  is  innovation,  because  you  will  be 
guaranteed  the  opposition  of  everyone  who 
wishes  to  continue  in  the  present  pathway, 
and  lukewarm  support  of  those  who  might 
be  inclined  to  investigate  change.'  "  ■ 


Basgall  is  a  senior  science  writer  in  Duke's  Offic 
of  Research  Communications . 


16 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


DUKE 


CONTINUING 
EDUCATION 


Graduation  doesn't  mean  an  end  to 
learning,"  says  Deborah  Weiss 
Fowlkes  '78.  "Learning  is  a  life- 
long experience,  and  Duke  should  continue 
to  be  a  major  source  of  educational  enrich- 
ment. We're  providing  alumni  that  oppor- 
tunity through  our  programs." 

Fowlkes,  Alumni  Affairs'  assistant  direc- 
tor, heads  Alumni  Continuing  Education,  a 
growing  program  that  was  once  a  minor 
part  of  Duke's  travel  offerings.  In  the  fall 
of  1991,  the  program  conducted  a  survey 
of  alumni  to  determine  their  interest  in  edu- 
cational programming.  Seventy-five  percent 
said  they  would  be  interested  in  attending 
Duke-sponsored  continuing  education  pro- 
grams. "They  indicated  that  their  primary 
motivation  was  for  intellectual  stimula- 
tion, not  for  professional  credit  or  socializ- 
ing," Fowlkes  says.  "Our  goal  for  our  first 
year  was  to  offer  a  variety  of  educational  pro- 
grams that  would  appeal  to  a  wider  range 
of  alumni." 

In  that  spirit,  Duke  Directions,  the  day- 


long mini-college  preceding  reunion  week- 
ends, was  expanded  to  include  two  choices 
of  classes  in  each  of  four  time  slots.  Facul- 
ty-led sessions  have  included  "Women, 
Men,  and  their  Life  Stories,"  "The  Future  of 
War,"  "Taste  and  Smell  in  Aging  and 
Obesity,"  "The  Death  Penalty,"  "Political 
Advertising  in  Elections,"  and  "Survey  of 
Hollywood  Film  Music." 

The  mini-college  format  has  been  taken 
on  the  road  as  half-day  Duke  Seminars  co- 
sponsored  by  alumni 
clubs.  "Defining  and 
Implementing  a  New 
National  Agenda" 
was  held  in  Septem- 
ber in  Philadelphia. 
"Election  '92"  was 
an  October  Chicago 
program,  in  coopera- 
tion with  Northwest- 
ern University's  alum- 
ni association.  This 
spring,  a  half-day 

Duke  Seminar  on  environmental  issues  will 
be  held  in  Charleston,  South  Carolina. 

Lengthier  off-campus  alumni  colleges 
combine  study  and  travel.  "The  Arts  of  the 


Back  to  class:  Duke  Directions  with  political 
David  Paletz 


Adobe  days:  study  and  travel  during  "The  Arts  of  the 
Southwest" 

Southwest"  offered  six  days  in  New  Mexico 
last  summer  with  local  lectures  and  tours. 
"The  Search  for  Meaning"  was  conducted 
over  three  days  last  fall  in  Williamsburg, 
Virginia,  with  Duke  faculty  and  guest 
speakers.  This  spring,  Duke  geologist  Orrin 
Pilkey  will  discuss  "Rising  Seas  and  Shift- 
ing Shores"  at  Duke's  Marine  Lab  in  Beau- 
fort, North  Carolina.  A  theater  weekend  is 
H  in  the  planning 
|  stages  for  fall  1993 
s  and  an  alumni  col- 
lege at  Charleston's 
Spoleto  Festival  for 
spring  1994. 

Alumni  Continu- 
ing Education  is 
co-sponsoring  the 
Women's  Studies  In- 
stitute, an  academic 
retreat  to  be  held  on 
campus  in  May;  has 
scheduled  a  two-week  archaeological  dig 
in  Sepphoris,  Israel,  with  professors  Eric 
and  Carol  Meyers  in  June;  and  is  offering  a 
fortnight  study  program  in  Great  Britain 


March-April    J  993 


17 


track  of  the  programs  in  which  they  have 
participated.  Each  program  has  its  particu- 
lar merits,  but  all  are  important  to  Duke's 
overall  mission." 


Digging  it:  past  archeological  treks 
in  Sepphoris 

at  the  University  of  Oxford  in  September. 
"At  this  stage  we're  seeing  what  works 
and  what  doesn't,"  says  Fowlkes.  "Participa- 
tion in  alumni  colleges  doubled  in  the  first 
year.  Duke  Directions  participation  was  up 
by  one-third,  Duke  Seminars  were  ex- 
tremely well-received,  and  the  two  alumni 
college  offerings  were  sold  out.  We  hope  to 
keep  the  momentum  going." 


CLUBS:  AN  ADDED 
TOUCH 


When  the  Duke  Club  of  Wash- 
ington, D.C.,  decided  to  launch 
its  adopt-a-school  pilot  pro- 
gram, Partners  in  Education  (PIE),  in  1989, 
some  of  its  local  dues  were  used  as  a  starter 
fund.  The  Duke  Club  of  Southern  Califor- 
nia used  the  same  tactic  last  year  for  its 
adopt-a-school  project  at  Pio  Pico  Elemen- 
tary School.  But  local  dues  alone  don't  pay 
for  these  innovative  programs.  Regional 
alumni  support  augments  existing  universi- 
ty funding  by  expanding  benefits  for  alum- 
ni and  the  local  community. 

"Nearly  one-third  of  our  eighty-one 
alumni  clubs  have  some  form  of  locally 
administered  dues  program  to  supplement 
the  financing  received  from  the  university 
and  the  Duke  Alumni  Association,"  says  Bert 
Fisher  '80,  Alumni  Affairs  assistant  direc- 
tor and  director  of  the  clubs  program.  "The 
major  portion  of  local  clubs'  operating  cap- 
ital comes  from  university  funds.  However, 
many  clubs  find  that  by  generating  addi- 
tional monies,  they're  able  to  offer  a  wider 
variety  of  programming  and  achieve  a  higher 
level  of  interaction  among  members." 

The  Duke  Alumni  Association's  annual 
dues  help  pay  for  an  annual  speaker  and 
two  first-class  mailings  for  each  club,  in 


addition  to  covering  the  costs  of  logistical 
support,  such  as  travel,  newsletter  layout 
and  production,  and  club  leadership  train- 
ing and  development. 

Individual  club  dues,  on  the  other  hand, 
pay  for  the  extras:  reminder  postcards, 
"hotlines"  that  update  callers  to  coming 
events,  funds  to  purchase  blocks  of  tickets 
for  cultural  and  sporting  events,  help  in 
reducing  the  per-person  cost  of  selected 
club  activities,  and  the  seed  money  for 
other  projects.  For  instance,  the  Duke 
Club  of  Washington  (DCW)  used  a  por- 
tion of  its  treasury  last  summer  to  hire  a 
student  intern,  Malkia  Lydia  '92,  who 
assisted  in  the  club's  community  service 
initiatives.  Club  president  Warren  Wick- 
ersham  '60  says  that  the  entire  experience 
was  such  a  success  that  DCW  plans  to  hire 
a  student  intern  each  summer. 

The  Duke  Club  of  Jacksonville,  Florida, 
invites  newly  accepted  students  to  its  an- 
nual dinner  each  April;  club  dues  are  used 
to  make  the  event  free  to  these  high  school 
seniors.  Club  dues  paid  for  a  weekend  of 
football  activities  when  the  Duke  Club  of 
Atlanta  treated  a  group  of  underprivileged 
kids  to  the  Duke-Georgia  Tech  game  and 
Duke  team  practice  the  day  before. 

There  are  also  advantages  for  dues-payers, 
including  priority  reservations  at  sold-out 
events,  free  admission  to  special  offerings, 
and  exclusive  mailings  to  last-minute  op- 
portunities, such  as  basketball  game  tickets. 

"While  the  benefits  of  dues  programs 
can  be  considerable,"  says  Fisher,  "a  dues 
program  is  not  always  feasible  for  smaller 
clubs.  A  successful  dues  program  almost 
always  depends  on  a  large  base  of  alumni 
and  friends  to  generate  enough  money  for 
ambitious  programming. 

"Granted,  there  can  be  some  confusion 
among  alumni  as  to  the  difference  between 
DAA  dues,  club  dues,  and  Annual  Fund 
contributions.  This  is  further  complicated 
if  alumni  have  difficulty  each  year  keeping 


TAKING  THE 
LONG  VIEW 


As  Duke  approaches  the  millennium, 
the  key  concept  for  the  Nineties  is 
long-range  planning.  At  its  annu- 
al winter  meeting  this  February,  the  Duke 
Alumni  Association  (DAA)  completed  the 
final  stages  of  a  year-long  project  to  update 
its  mission  statement  and  outline  its  goals 
for  the  twenty-first  century. 

The  board  weekend  began  with  an  inter- 
national interpretation  of  the  "new  world 
order"  from  history  professor  Alex  Roland 
Ph.D.  74,  whose  topic  was  "War  and  Peace 
in  the  Nineties."  The  following  morning, 
the  discussion  was  campus-focused:  Paula 
Phillips  Burger  '67,  A.M.  74,  executive  vice 
provost,  discussed  the  university's  "compre- 
hensive planning  effort  designed  to  take 
Duke  to  the  threshold  of  the  twenty-first 
century."  Burger  outlined  an  exercise  in 
planning  that  has  involved  the  faculty  of  all 
of  Duke's  schools,  their  visiting  boards,  the 
university's  Academic  Priorities  Committee, 
the  President's  Advisory  Committee  on 
Resources,  the  Academic  Council,  a  trustee 
Planning  Committee,  and  other  groups. 

Planners  started  with  the  overall  goals 
of  protecting  and  enhancing  Duke's  acade- 
mic quality  and  improving  the  manage- 
ment of  Duke's  resources.  They  also  iden- 
tified a  set  of  critical  issues — among  them, 
financial  constraints,  deferred  mainte- 
nance and  facilities  needs,  changing  tech- 
nologies, maintaining  a  skilled  and  com- 
mitted work  force,  increasing  productivity 
and  efficiency,  and  increasing  public  under- 
standing of  the  university's  missions. 
"Alumni  involvement  is  key  to  our  suc- 
cess," Burger  said. 

John  Graham,  director  of  Duke's  plan- 
ning office,  then  gave  an  overview  of  the 
DAA's  planning  status.  After  meeting  in 
small  groups,  staff  and  board  members 
joined  for  a  summary  session  and  tried  to 
identify  widely-agreed-upon  themes  for  a 
long-range  plan.  They  also  reacted  to  the 
association's  newly  drafted  mission  statement. 

A  reception  in  the  James  A.  Thomas 
Memorial  Room  in  Duke's  Lilly  Library  fea- 
tured University  Architect  John  I.  Pearce 
in  an  informal  conversation  about  East 
Campus  and  proposals  for  additional  dor- 
mitory space.  Calling  East  Campus  the 
"roots"  of  the  university,  Pearce  predicted 
that  it  will  continue  to  see  a  facelift.  The 
Carr  Building  was  renovated  for  the  histo- 
ry department  last  summer  in  a  project, 


18 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


Pearce  noted,  that  preserved  the  character 
of  the  building  while  accommodating  new 
teaching  styles  and  technologies. 

The  DAA  full  board  convened  on  Sun- 
day morning  for  final  committee  reports. 
Among  the  topics  discussed  were  DAA 
life  memberships,  now  numbering  1,002 
members;  plans  for  a  new  video  for  the 
admissions  office;  and  a  possible  life  and 
health  insurance  program  for  alumni. 

The  DAA  long-range  planning  team 
will  meet  again  in  April  to  complete  the 
final  stage  of  the  process,  and  a  draft  plan 
will  be  presented  to  the  full  board  for 
approval  at  its  May  meeting. 


ADMISSIONS 
FORUM 


eed  an  education  on  how  to  get  the 
right  education  for  your  children? 
What  schools  should  they  consider 
(other  than  Duke)?  How  soon  should  they 
start  applying?  What  will  be  expected  of 
them  before  they  graduate  from  high 
school?  The  Alumni  Affairs  office  will  try 
to  answer  these  and  other  questions  on 
June  25  at  its  fourth  annual  Alumni  Admis- 
sions Forum  for  parents  and  students. 


The  day-long  seminar,  which  costs  $75 
per  family,  features  a  faculty  of  admissions 
experts:  Phyllis  Gill,  director  of  college 
guidance  at  Providence  Day  School  in 
Charlotte;  Mimi  Grossman,  director  of 
college  counseling  at  White  Station  High 
School  in  Memphis;  and  Thomas  Hassan, 
director  of  college  counseling  at  Phillips 
Exeter  Academy  in  Exeter,  New  Hamp- 
shire. Duke  director  of  financial  aid  James 
Belvin  will  provide  specific  Duke  informa- 
tion, and  a  panel  of  Duke  students  will  give 
an  "insider's"  perspective  on  campus  life. 

The  forum's  mailing  list  is  determined  by 
the  alumni  records  of  alumni  parents  who 
have  provided  birth  dates  of  their  chil- 
dren. Rising  tenth-,  eleventh-,  and  twelfth- 
grade  students  on  file  will  be  invited.  Par- 
ticipation will  have  no  effect  upon  a 
student's  candidacy  for  admission  to  Duke. 

For  information  on  this  summer's  forum, 
write  Edith  Sprunt  Toms  '62,  Alumni  Af- 
fairs' assistant  director  for  alumni  admis- 
sions programs,  Alumni  House,  Box  90576, 
Durham,  N.C.  27708-0576. 

All  alumni  are  encouraged  to  submit 
the  names  and  birth  dates  of  their  children 
to  get  on  the  mailing  list  for  future  forums. 
Notify  Alumni  Records,  Box  90613,  Dur- 
ham, N.C.  27708-0613. 


When 

Your  Retirement 

Lifestyle  Requires  A 

Certain  Style 

Of  Life 


FE   CARE   RETIREMENT   COMMU 


2701  Pickett  Road,  Durham,  NC  27705 
Telephone  (919)  490-8000 


September     5-18,     1993  clPAat  is  the  Oxford  Experience?  It  is  an  opportunity  to  immerse  yourself  in 

centuries-old  traditions  of  learning  and  community,  to  study  in  small  groups 
A  two-week  residential  with  renowned  Oxford  faculty,  to  explore  the  English  countryside  and  visit 

historical  landmarks,  to  be  students  once  again. 
study  program   for  Duke  6/ioose  from  topics  that  will  include  art,  archaeology,  politics,  and  history. 

Attend  classes,  participate  in  field  trips,  and  savor  the  atmosphere  of  one  of 
alumni   a    friends,   held  the  world's  great  centers  of  learning. 

^or  more  information,  send  in  the  form  below  or  contact  Deborah  Fowlkes, 
at   the    University    of  Director  of  Alumni  Continuing  Education,  91 9  684-51 14  or  soo  for-duke. 

THE      OXFORD      EXPERIENCE. 
(/ 

Y    E    S    !    Sett</ me  information  on    The   Oxford   Experience. 

•  foofwore</ 6//        The  Duke  University  Office  of  i  NAME 

ALUMN,     AFFAIRS     8.     THE     UNC  j    AODRESS 

General  Alumni  Association  j  

i  &feiute  return  to:    The  Oxford  Experience,  Box  90575, 

i  DURHAM,  NC  27708^0575 


March-April    1993 


REMEMBERING 
MARY  GRACE 


M 


ore  than  12,000  women 
were  educated  at  the 
Woman's  College  of 
Duke  University  during  the  in- 
credible forty  years'  tenure  of 
Dean  Mary  Grace  Wilson,  from 
1930  through  1970.  I  have  no 
doubt  that  she  was  known  to 
them  all  and  that  she  left  her 
imprint  on  each  one  of  them. 

I  knew  Miss  Wilson  in  three 
capacities — as  my  own  dean  at 
the  Woman's  College,  as  my  col- 
league at  Duke,  and,  when  she 
retired  in  1970  at  the  age  of  sev- 
enty, as  my  predecessor  as  dean  of 
women.  I  am  sure  she  was  horri- 
fied that  this  recent  Woman's  j^fl^fl 
College  graduate  (twenty-five  years 
old  to  be  exact)  was  to  assume  her  respon- 
sibilities, but  she  was  far  too  gracious  to  let 
on,  and  it  would  have  violated  her  beliefs 
not  to  express  confidence  in  youth.  That 
vantage  point  as  her  successor  deepened 
my  appreciation  for  the  level  of  her  profes- 
sionalism and  allowed  me  to  see  the  extent 
to  which  Dean  Mary  Grace  Wilson  had 
influenced  the  college  and  its  students. 

Miss  Wilson  was  a  person  of  great  in- 
tegrity, impeccable  character,  and  high  stan- 
dards. She  was  utterly  discreet,  a  particu- 
larly remarkable  trait  in  light  of  all  that 
she  knew.  She  exercised  wise  judgment 
without  being  judgmental — a  quality  that 
required  almost  superhuman  self-restraint 
in  a  dean  of  women,  as  I  was  later  to  learn 
from  my  own  experience.  Her  good  sense 
was  coupled  with  good  humor.  She  suf- 
fered all  of  us  young  fools  patiently.  Her 
compassion  for  individuals  and  their 
tragedies,  of  whatever  magnitude,  matched 
her  great  pleasure  at  their  successes,  no 
matter  how  small.  The  wellspring  of  her 
physical  energy  and  her  emotional  reserves 
ran  deep. 

Dean  Wilson  was  closely  associated  with 
the  social  regulations  of  the  College,  but 
her  interest  was  not  to  restrict  women.  Her 
interest  was  to  support  them  while  their 
level  of  maturity  caught  up  with  the  rest  of 
their  development.  She  had  high  expecta- 
tions and  a  strong,  sure  sense  of  what  an 
educated,   responsible,   mature   individual 


Gracious:  Dean  Wikon,  right,  welcomes  new  students 
to  the  Woman's  College,  circa  1960 

should  expect  of  herself.  She  also  had  an 
understanding  of  the  requirements  of  com- 
munal living  and  a  firm  conviction  that  if 
you  failed  in  your  first  responsibility  to  be 
your  best  self,  the  least  that  you  could  do 
was  be  considerate  of  your  neighbors. 

I  was  unaware  of  it  at  the  time,  but,  in 
later  life,  I  realized  how  effective  Dean 
Wilson  was  in  getting  you  to  come  to  her 
own  conclusions.  She  used  a  technique  of 
intense  and  rapid-fire  questioning,  greet- 
ing each  answer  with  the  nodding  head, 
the  knowing  smile,  and  the  tap,  tap,  tap- 
ping of  her  pencil  on  that  ever  present  yel- 
low memo  pad.  A  petition  for  a  change  in 
dorm  sign-out  procedures  for  students,  for 
example,  would  be  greeted  by  a  barrage  of 
questions,  concerned  rather  than  hostile  in 
spirit.  Had  we  thought  about  the  consider- 
ations of  personal  safety?  And  what  about 
common  courtesy  to  roommates?  Would 
this  impose  burdens  on  the  receptionist  at 
the  front  desk?  What  obligation  did  we 
have  in  the  event  of  calls  from  parents? 
And  so  on  and  on,  and  always  the  tap,  tap, 
tapping,  and  the  gesturing,  and  the  nod- 
ding of  the  head,  and  the  smiling — leading 
you  to  the  inexorable,  terrible  conclusion 
that  you  agreed  with  the  position  that  she 
had  never  even  verbalized!  Indeed,  rather 
than  take  positions,  she  simply  forced  you 
to  examine  your  own. 


In  light  of  all  that  she  wit- 
nessed over  her  professional  life, 
the  ability  of  Dean  Wilson  to 
deal  with  changes  in  social  pat- 
terns was  nothing  short  of 
remarkable.  Through  changes 
brought  by  a  depression,  a  world 
war,  the  Vietnam  conflict,  the 
civil  rights  protests,  cultures  and 
countercultures,  she  remained 
calm  and  understanding.  Her 
response  to  events  was  always 
marked  by  flexibility,  adaptabili- 
ty, and  resiliency.  Miss  Wilson 
had  no  slavish  devotion  to  any 
particular  mores  or  custom  sim- 
ply because  it  was  once  the 
|  acceptable  pattern,  and  she  was 
|  certainly  not  one  to  be  swept 
along  by  the  winds  of  fashion. 
Rather,  she  confronted  change 
j|  by  evaluating  each  situation  ac- 
=  cording  to  enduring  principles: 
Was  this  a  responsible  thing  to  do?  Did  it 
infringe  on  the  rights  of  others?  Did  it 
reflect  well  on  one's  self  as  an  educated, 
civilized,  mature  individual? 

I  was  not  conscious  of  ever  having 
talked  to  my  husband  about  the  qualities 
that  made  this  great  lady  so  special,  but 
not  far  into  our  marriage  my  husband 
developed  a  technique  for  calling  me  up 
short  whenever  I  considered  doing  some- 
thing that  might  not  be  completely  appro- 
priate. He  did  so  by  asking  rhetorically, 
"What  would  Mary  Grace  Wilson  think 
about  that?"  All  these  years  after  Miss 
Wilson's  active  tutelage,  I  still  find  that  a 
guide  to  doing  the  right  thing  is  to  ask 
oneself:  What  would  Mary  Grace  Wilson 
think  about  that?  Mind  you,  she  never 
would  have  said,  but  you  certainly  would 
have  known! 

Even  after  Mary  Grace  Wilson's  death, 
her  inspiration  lives  on.  Her  imprint  has 
left  its  mark  on  Duke  University  and  on 
thousands  of  individuals  who  had  the  ben- 
efit of  a  caring  friend,  a  wise  counselor, 
and  as  loyal  and  dedicated  a  servant  as  this 
university  has  ever  known. 

— Paula  Phillips  Burger 


Burger  '67,  A.M.  '74,  executive  vice  provost  at 
Duke,  delivered  a  version  of  these  remarks  at  a 
memorial  service  for  Mary  Grace  Wilson  on 
November  15. 


20 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


Q)uke^ 


Continuing  the  educational 

experience  through  m 

adventures 

"Travel  is  fatal  to  prejudice,  bigotry,  and  narrow- 
mindedness,  and  many  of  our  people  need  it  sorely 
...broad,  wholesome,  charitable  views... can  not  be 
acquired  by  vegetating  in  one 's  little  corner  of  earth. 
—  Mark  Twain,  Innocents  Abroad  (J 869) 

Danube  River/Eastern  Europe 

May  29-June  12 

Begin  with  one  night  in  Vienna,  Austria.  Then 
cruise  five  fascinating  countries,  visiting 
Bratislava,  The  Czech  Republic;  Budapest, 
Hungary;  the  Balkan  countryside;  Nikopol/ 
Pleven,  Bulgaria;  Giurgiu  /  Bucharest,  Romania; 
with  a  short  transfer  in  Izmail,  Moldavia,  for  a 
cruise  on  the  Black  Sea  to  Istanbul,  Turkey,  for 
two  nights.  A  one-night  return  stay  in  Vienna  is 
included  at  the  end  of  the  trip  before  returning 
home.  A  cultural  enrichment  lecturer  from  Duke 
University  will  provide  a  wealth  of  historical  and 
current  information  on  areas  being  visited.  From 
$3,899  per  person,  double  occupancy. 

North  Cape  Cruise 

July  8-23 

Sail  the  majestic  Norwegian  fjords  and  North 
Cape  aboard  the  exquisite  Crystal  Harmony.  On 
this  grand  cruise,  the  Duke  Alumni  Association 
and  the  Duke  Diet  &  Fitness  Center  offer  a 
unique,  educational  perspective.  Cruising  with 
Duke  Diet  &  Fitness  means  enhancing  your 
health  and  well-being  while  escaping  to  spectac- 
ular landscapes  and  rich  history.  Luxurious  liv- 
ing can  be  healthy  living.  From  $5,505,  includ- 
ing free  air  from  Eastern  points  of  the  U.S.,  and 
reduced  air  from  the  Central  and  Western  regions. 

Great  Rivers  of  Europe/Danube  Canal 

July  22-August  4 

Our  own  Duke  faculty  host  will  provide  an  excit- 
ing narrative  about  this  area.  Travel  into  Vienna, 
Austria,  and  board  the  M.S.  Switzerland,  one  of 
the  newest  European  ships  afloat.  On  the  Danube 
River,  visit  Krems,  Melk,  and  Linz,  Austria,  plus 
Passau,  Deggendorf,  and  Regensburg,  Germany. 
A  special  highlight  is  a  daytime  transit  of  the 
brand-new  Danube  Canal,  an  engineering  marvel 
and  the  means  by  which  we  can  sail  a  continuous 
itinerary  to  the  Main  and  the  Rhine  Rivers.  Some 
of  the  many  cities  we'll  visit  in  Germany  along 
the  way  are  Rothenburg,  Miltenberg,  Heidelberg, 
Rudesheim,  Koblenz,  Bonn,  and  Cologne. 
Included  along  the  way  are  planned  parties,  a  cas- 
tle dinner  party,  and  the  convenience  of  unpack- 
ing just  once  during  the  entire  trip.  From 
$3,899  per  person,  double  occupancy. 


Scandinavia 

August  11-23 

Our  alumni  will  be  learning  the  history  of  the 
Vikings,  while  enjoying  a  land  filled  with  majes- 
tic color  and  beauty.  You'll  visit  the  historical 
areas  of  Denmark's  capital  city,  Copenhagen. 
Then  an  overnight  cruise  transports  you  through 
a  60-mile-long  Olsofjord  to  Oslo,  Norway,  fol- 
lowed by  a  fabulous  fjord-country  excursion, 
then  a  train  and  ferry  to  Gudvangen,  a  dramatic 
mountain  setting.  On  to  Bergen  and,  as  a  finale, 
Stockholm,  Sweden.  Savor  the  real  Scandinavia 
brought  to  life  by  knowledgeable  local  guides. 
Visit  Tivoli  Gardens,  enjoy  a  memorable  home- 
hosted  Swedish  luncheon,  and  explore  major 
cities.  An  optional  trip  to  St.  Petersburg  on  a 
special  three-night  extension  at  the  Astoria 
Hotel  rounds  out  this  highly  educational  tour. 
$3,598  per  person,  double  occupancy. 

Passage  to  Suez 

September  28-October  12 
Turkey-Greek  Islands-Israel-Egypt.  A  chance  to 
grasp  the  world's  classic  civilizations  brought 
together  in  one  itinerary.  Our  certified  guides  will 
provide  an  informative  perspective  of  each  area 
visited.  After  three  nights  in  Istanbul  at  the  new 
Conrad  Istanbul,  the  all-suite  Renaissance  becomes 
your  exclusively  chartered  home  for  the  next  seven 
nights.  Ports  of  call  include:  Kusadase  (Ephesus), 
Turkey;  Kos  and  Rhodes,  Greece;  Haifa  and 
Ashdod  (Jerusalem  and  Bethlehem),  Israel;  and 
Port  Said,  Egypt.  Then  on  to  three  nights  at  the 
Semiramis  Inter-Continental  overlooking  the 
Nile  River  and  Cairo.  Unique  features  include 
time  to  explore  Istanbul  and  Cairo,  the  option 
of  extending  an  additional  four  days  in  Luxor, 
and  two  days  at  sea  cruising  the  Aegean  Sea  and 
Eastern  Mediterranean.  From  $4,498  per  per- 
son, double  occupancy. 


September  30-October  18 
China,  land  of  treasure  and  tradition,  where  time 
stands  still.  Visit  Beijing,  Shanghai,  and  Hong 
Kong.  See  the  Great  Wall,  the  Forbidden  City, 
and  the  Temple  of  Heaven.  Cruise  the  Yangtze 
River  and  its  magnificent  Three  Gorges  aboard 
the  new  M.  V.  Yangtze  Paradise.  Stop  in  Xi'an 
and  pay  tribute  to  the  world-renowned  Terra 
Cotta  Warriors.  Marvel  at  the  50,000  ancient 
Buddhist  stone  statues  recently  excavated  in 
remote  Dazu.  Conclude  your  journey  in  dazzling 
Hong  Kong,  the  world's  most  famous  shopping 
mecca.  From  approximately  $4,995  per  person, 
double  occupancy. 


cruise.  With  our  special  discount,  prices  start  at 
just  $3,044  per  person,  double  occupancy, 
including  free  air  from  most  cities. 

Passage  through  Egypt 

November  6-21  and  November  12-27 
Come  with  us  "behind  the  scenes"  on  an  exttaor- 
dinary  journey  to  Egypt.  Travel  down  the  Nile 
aboard  the  M.S.  Hapi,  an  elegant,  private  yacht, 
with  only  1 5  spacious  and  superbly  decorated 
cabins.  You  will  travel  in  small  groups  accom- 
panied by  highly  knowledgeable  guides  who 
make  you  feel  welcome  in  their  native  country. 
Spend  a  full  day  and  night  at  the  colossal  temples 
of  Abu  Simbel,  meet  with  experts  who  tell  us 
about  their  work,  experience  Egyptian  cultures, 
and  visit  the  home  of  an  Egyptian  family  for  tea. 
Prices  range  from  $4,500-$5,000  per  person, 
double  occupancy.  Airfare  is  extra. 

Kenya 

November  9-21 

Safari  is  Swahili  for  journey.  Our  Grand  Kenya 
Safari  will  be  a  memorable  educational  and  cul- 
tural journey  with  the  addition  of  a  wildlife 
expert  to  accompany  us.  Vast  areas  of  Kenya 
have  been  set  aside  as  national  parks,  game 
reserves,  and  sanctuaries,  where  infinite  varieties 
of  African  fauna  and  flora  can  be  seen,  studied, 
and  photographed.  Enjoy  luxurious  game  lodges 
set  in  forest  and  mountain  parklands,  and  dra- 
matic vantage  points  in  open  savannah  country, 
all  home  to  a  countless  variety  of  game.  Nine 
nights  in  Kenya,  including  Nairobi  (Nairobi 
Safari  Club),  Amboseli  (Amboseli  Serena 
Lodge),  Aberdare  (Mountain  Lodge),  Nanyuki 
(Mount  Kenya  Safari  Club),  and  the  Masai 
Mara  (Mara  Sopa  Lodge).  A  farewell  dinner  is 
hosted  by  prominent  Nairobi  citizens  in  their 
home  high  atop  Lavington  Hill.  $6,295  per  per- 
son, double  occupancy  from  New  York. 


The  Seas  of  Ulysses  and  Black  Sea 

October  10-23 
Cruise  aboard  the  spectacular  Crown  Odyssey 
to  the  Eastern  Mediterranean  and  the  Black  Sea. 
This  twelve-night  voyage  allows  you  to  marvel  at 
the  antiquities  of  Athens,  Venice,  Ephesus,  and 
Istanbul,  and  then  sail  on  beyond  to  the  Tsarist 
grandeurs  of  Odessa  and  Yalta — and  in  1993, 
Constanta  (Romania).  The  charming  Greek  isles 
of  Patras,  Santorini,  and  Mykonos  complete  your 


i 


For  More  Information 

Indicate  the  trips  of  interest  to  you  for  detailed  brochures 


Eastern  Europe 
□  North  Cape 


□  Great  Rivers  of  □  Seas  of  Ulysses 

Europe/Danube  Canal  Black  Sea 


□  Passage 
to  Suez 


□  China 


□  Scandinavia 


□  Egypt 

□  Kenya 


Fill  out  the  coupon  and  return  to: 

Barbara  DeLapo  Booth  54, 

Duke  Travel,  614  Chapel  Drive.  Durham.  NC 

27706  919 684-51 14 or  800  FOR-DUKE 


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h-April    1993 


CLASS 
NOTES 


WRITE:  Class  Notes  Editor,  Duke  Magazine, 
Box  90570,  Durham,  N.C.  27708-0570 

FAX:  (919)  684-6022  (typed  only,  please) 


CHANGE  OF  ADDRESS:  Alumni  Records, 
Box  90613,  Durham,  N.C.  27708-0613.  Please 
include  mailing  label  and  allow  six  weeks. 


NOTICE:  Because  of  the  volume  of 
class  note  material  we  receive  and  the 
long  lead  time  required  for  typesetting, 
design,  and  printing,  your  submission 
may  not  appear  for  three  to  four  issues. 
Alumni  are  urged  to  include  spouses' 
names  in  marriage  and  birth  announce- 
ments. We  do  not  record  engagements. 


30s,  40s  &  50s 


Harold  E.  Harvey  '39,  M.D.  '43  has  an  internal 
medicine  practice  in  Beckley,  W.Va.,  with  his  son, 
Harold  E.  Harvey  II  '83. 

Mary  Abbie  Deshon  Berg  '42  retired  as  execu- 
tive director  of  Senior  Citizen  Services,  Inc.  in  Mobile, 
Ala.,  after  overseeing  the  grand  opening  of  the  Mary 
Abbie  Berg  Senior  Citizens  Center. 

Carl  Horn  Jr.  '42,  LL.B.  '47  has  had  a  classroom 
named  in  his  honor  at  Duke's  law  school.  The  class- 
room was  funded  by  a  gift  of  the  Duke  Power  Founda- 
tion. Horn  was  president  and  chief  executive  officer 
of  Duke  Power  Co.  from  1971  to  1976,  and  chairman 
of  the  board  and  chief  executive  officer  from  1976 
to  1982. 


OUTDOOR  MAN 


On  the  occasion 
of  his  seventy- 
eighth  birthday, 
David  H.  Henderson 
'35,  J.D. '37  shot  a 
hole-in-one.  Despite 
the  accomplishment, 
the  retired  lawyer  says 
he's  not  a  very  good 
golfer. 

"Oh,  no.  My  handi- 
cap is  about  twenty," 
he  says,  noting  that  he 
celebrated  "by  trying 
to  escape  from  having 
to  buy  drinks  for 
everybody." 

But  playing  eighteen 
holes  does  allow  Hen- 
derson to  enjoy  the 
great  outdoors.  And  if 
truth  be  told,  Hender- 
son's first  love  is  for 
open-air  environments 
that  are  less  well- 
tended.  As  co-author  of 
On  Point:  A  Bedside 
Reader  for  Hunters 
and  Fishermen 
(Patrick  Publications), 
the  third  in  a  trilogy  of 
outdoor  essays  and 
short  stories,  Hender- 
son pays  tribute  to  the 
wonders  of  nature, 
whether  it's  being  sur- 
rounded by  the  glory 
of  autumn  leaves  or 
fishing  with  one's 
grandchildren. 

Henderson  is  quick 
to  share  the  credit  with 
his  daughter,  Shepard 
("Shep")  Henderson 
Foley  '65,  who  illus- 
trates her  father's  books 
and  free-lance  maga- 
zine articles,  as  well  as 
doing  free-lance  work 


Words  and  pictures:  author  Henderson,  right  with  his 
daughter  and  book  illustrator  Shep  Foley 


of  her  own.  The  father- 
daughter  team  first 
made  a  splash  back 
when  Shep  was  twelve 
years  old. 

"The  Charlotte  Ob- 
server held  an  annual 
skeet  shooting  contest 
for  boys,  and  I  took 
Shep,"  says  the  elder 
Henderson.  "She  shot 
six  out  of  six  [of  the  clay 
pigeons]  and  got  her 


picture  in  the  paper. 
The  gun  she  used, 
what  we  call  the  'Sweet 
Sixteen'  Brownie  shot- 
gun, has  been  passed 
down  through  three 
generations." 

Now  that  he's  in  his 
late  seventies,  Hender- 
son says  he's  given  up 
hunting  elk  and  bear 
and  only  hunts  quail. 
Given  the  growing  hos- 


tilities between  hunters 
and  animal-rights 
activists,  how  does 
Henderson  answer 
charges  that  his  pas- 
time is  inhumane? 

"As  I  say  in  my  book, 
killing  indiscriminately 
or  killing  something 
you  don't  intend  to  eat 
is  unacceptable.  It's  a 
matter  of  going  by  the 
rules.  I  got  a  letter  from 
a  woman  who  wrote, 
'How  can  a  man  with 
two  Duke  degrees  go 
out  and  shoot  those 
little  birds?'  "  It  was 
written  on  letterhead 
from  a  construction 
company  involved  in 
turning  thousands  of 
acres  of  land  into  posh 
housing  developments, 
Henderson  says. 

"I  wrote  her  back 
and  said,  'Your  com- 
pany is  responsible  for 
the  deaths  of  more 
birds  than  I  could  ever 
hunt  in  my  entire  life.' 
Development  ruined 
the  natural  habitat  in 
that  area." 

At  Duke,  Henderson 
watched  construction 
of  the  Chapel  ("seeing 
those  guys  carving  gar- 
goyles was  a  real  expe- 
rience"), and  was  on 
the  first  Duke  soccer 
team.  He  also  tried 
boxing  one  year,  "but  I 
found  that  if  I  was  going 
to  lie  down  on  the 
floor,  I  might  as  well  lie 
down  from  the  start,  so 
I  took  up  wrestling." 


Bob  Wolff  '42,  the  longest-running  sports  announcer 
in  television  history,  signed  a  new,  two-year  contract 
as  sports  director/anchor  of  News  12  in  Woodbury, 
Long  Island,  N.Y. 

Joyce  Thrasher  Gardner  '44  represented 

Duke  in  January  at  the  inauguration  of  the  new  presi- 
dent of  Florida's  Nova  University. 

Howard  A.  Scarrow  '49,  Ph.D.  '54,  a  political 
science  professor  at  the  State  University  of  New 
York-Stony  Brook,  received  the  alumni  association's 
Outstanding  Professor  Award. 

Arnold  B.  McKinnon  '50,  LL.B.  '51,  former 
chairman  and  CEO  of  Norfolk  Southern  Corp.,  was 
appointed  to  a  five-year  term  on  the  Va.  Port  Author- 
ity's board  of  commissioners. 

Howard  E.  Wagoner  M.F.  '5 1 ,  a  retired  agricul- 
tural expert  in  the  growing  and  processing  of  fruits 
and  vegetables,  has  returned  from  Kingston,  Jamaica, 
where  he  was  a  volunteer  with  the  International 
Executive  Service  Corps. 

Stuart  Osborne  Bondurant  Jr.  B.S.M.  '52, 
M.D.  '53,  dean  of  UNC-Chapel  Hill's  medical  school, 
was  named  chair-elect  of  the  Association  of  Ameri- 
can Medical  Colleges. 

Elbert  V.  Bowden  A.M.  '52,  Ph.D.  '57,  a  bank- 
ing professor  in  the  Walker  College  at  Appalachian 
State  University,  was  named  the  Alfred  T.  Adams 
Professor  of  Banking. 


'52,  a  philosophy  professor 
at  the  University  of  California-Santa  Barbara,  is  the 
author  of  Terrorism  and  Collective  Responsibility,  pub- 
lished by  Routledge. 

Nancy  Russell  Kellerman  '53,  a  teacher  at 
Woodley  Hills  Elementary  School  in  Mt.  Vernon,  Va., 
was  named  Teacher  of  the  Year  by  the  local  branch  of 
the  American  Association  of  University  Women. 

John  H.  Gibbons  Ph.D.  '54  was  selected  by  Pres- 
ident Bill  Clinton  as  science  and  technology  adviser. 
He  will  guide  the  government's  $76  billion-a-year 
scientific  research  and  development  program. 

Charles  O.  Pitts  '54,  a  columnist  for  the  Carteret 
County  News-Times  and  an  adjunct  faculty  instructor 
in  history  for  East  Carolina  University  at  Carteret 
Community  College,  received  an  award  from  the 
N.C.  Society  of  Historians  in  recognition  of  his  "out- 
standing contributions  to  North  Carolina  history  and 
historical  preservation."  He  lives  in  Beaufort,  N.C. 

Glenn  L.  Greene  Jr.  '55  was  named  CEO  of 
Corporate  &  Professional  Services  Inc.,  a  manage- 
ment consulting  firm  with  offices  in  Prospect  and 
Harlan,  Ky. 

Dudley  Humphrey  Jr.  '55,  a  partner  in  the 
Winston-Salem  law  firm  Petree  Stockton,  was  named 
to  the  Airport  Commission  of  Forsyth  County,  N.C. 

Carnie  P.  Hipp  Jr.  '56,  senior  vice  president  of 
First  Citizens  Bank,  was  elected  treasurer  by  the  board 
of  directors  of  the  S.C.  Bankers  Association. 

James  M.  Clifton  A.M.  '57,  a  history  professor  at 
Southeastern  Community  College  in  Whiteville, 
N.C,  has  contributed  a  7,500-word  essay  on  the  plan- 
tation to  Charles  Scribner's  Sons  Encyclopedia  of 
American  Social  History  and  ten  1 ,500-word  entries  on 
Southern  rice  planters  to  Oxford  Unversity  Press' 
American  National  Biography.  He  and  his  wife, 
Nancy  Pearson  Clifton  M.A.T.  '66,  live  in 
Whiteville. 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


George  Jackson  Ratcliffe  Jr.  '58  is  chair- 
man, president,  and  CEO  of  Hubbell,  Inc.,  a  manufac- 
turer of  electrical  and  electronic  products. 

BIRTHS:  Daughtet  to  Glenn  L.  Greene  Jr.  '55 

and  Sharon  B.  Lowry  on  June  3.  Named  Hannah 
Brooks. 


60s 


Fred  Chappell  '61,  poet,  novelist,  and  professor  of 
English  at  UNC-Gteensboro,  is  the  1992  winnet  of 
the  R.  Hunt  Parker  Memorial  Award  "for  significant 
lifetime  contributions  to  the  literary  heritage  of 
North  Carolina."  The  award  is  presented  annually  by 
the  Department  of  Cultural  Resources'  N.C  Literary 
and  Historical  Association. 

John  J.  Dunn  A.M.  '62,  Ph.D.  '66  returned  to 
Savannah,  Ga.,  after  twenty-five  years  of  teaching  at 
New  York  University  and  St.  John's  University  in 
New  York  to  start  a  business,  Avant  Gardening. 

Donald  G.  Mathews  Ph.D.  '62,  a  professor  of 
history  and  American  studies  at  UNC-Chapel  Hill, 
was  awarded  the  Albertson  College  Distinguished 
Alumni  Award,  the  college's  most  prestigious  alumni 
award.  In  1991,  he  won  the  American  Political  Sci- 
ence Association's  Victoria  Schuck  Award  for  one  of 
the  year's  best  books  on  women  and  politics. 

Virginia  Parrott  Williams  '62,  A.M.  73,  Ph.D. 
'80  and  her  husband,  Duke  medical  professor  Redford 
Williams,  completed  their  book  Anger  Kills:  Seventeen 
Strategies  for  Controlling  the  Hostility  That  Can  Harm 
Your  Health,  which  was  published  in  February  by 
Times  Books. 

Angela  Davis-Gardner  '63  is  the  1992  winner 

of  the  Sir  Walter  Raleigh  Award  for  fiction  for  her 
novel,  Forms  of  Shelter,  which  was  reviewed  in  Duke 
Magazine's  May-June  issue.  The  award  is  presented 
annually  by  the  Depattment  of  Cultural  Resources' 
N.C.  Literary  and  Historical  Association. 

Diane  McGovern  Billings  B.S.N.  '64,  profes- 
sor of  nursing  at  the  Indiana  University  of  Pennsylva- 
nia's School  of  Nursing,  was  named  a  fellow  of  the 
American  Academy  of  Nursing. 

Anne  Gregory  "Panny"  Rhodes  '64  was 

elected  to  the  Virginia  House  of  Delegates,  represent- 
ing the  sixty-eighth  district. 

Charlie  Rose  '64,  J. D.  '68,  Emmy  Award-winning 
journalist  who  rose  to  prominence  as  host  of  CBS's 
Nighlwatch  in  the  1980s,  is  hosting  a  new  talk  show, 
Charlie  Rose,  broadcast  nationally  by  PBS. 


S.  Adams  Ed.D.  '65,  a  retired  s 
superintendent  for  planning  and  development  with 
Georgia's  De  Kalb  County  school  system,  was  hon- 
ored with  an  endowed  scholatship  established  in  his 
honor  at  Catawba  College.  He  and  his  wife,  Martha, 
live  in  Salisbury,  N.C. 


E.  Davis  '65  is  clinical  associate  professor 
at  Baylor  College  of  Medicine  and  has  a  private  prac- 
tice with  Gastroenterology  Consultants  in  Houston. 
He  also  chairs  the  gastroenterology  section  of  Memor- 
ial Southwest  Hospital  and  is  president  of  the  Texas 
Society  for  Gastroenterology  and  Endoscopy.  He  and 
his  wife,  Marilyn,  and  their  two  children  live  in  Sugar 
Land,  Texas. 

ROSS  J.  Smyth  LL.B.  '65,  a  partner  in  the  Char- 
lotte, N.C,  law  firm  Kennedy,  Covington,  Lobdell  & 
Hickman,  was  elected  to  the  American  College  of 
Real  Estate  Lawyers.  He  is  also  a  member  of  Davidson 
College's  board  of  trustees.  He  and  his  wife,  Alice, 
live  in  Charlotte. 

'66  was  named  vice 


president  for  business  development  at  Holtec  Interna- 
tional. He  and  his  wife,  Lynn,  and  their  two  children 
live  in  Ridgefield,  Conn.,  and  will  be  moving  to 
Cherry  Hill,  N.J.,  in  May. 


Watson  '66,  a  Navy  captain,  is  serving  as 
the  commander  of  Destroyer  Squadron  Seven  during 
a  six-month  deployment  to  the  Western  Pacific  and 
the  Persian  Gulf. 

Jack  O.  Bovender  '67,  M.H.A.  '69  was  named 
executive  vice  president  and  CEO  of  Hospital  Corp. 
of  America  and  elected  to  the  HCA  board  of  direc- 
tors. He  is  a  past  president  of  the  Duke  Hospital  and 
Health  Administration  Alumni  Association. 


John  M.  Dunaway  '67,  A.M.  71,  Ph.D.  72,  a 
professor  of  French  at  Mercer  University  in  Macon, 
Ga.,  is  editor  of  Exiles  and  Fugitives:  The  Letters  of 
Jacques  and  Raissa  Maritain ,  Allen  Tate ,  and  Caroline 
Gordon. 


W.  Menning  A.M.  '67,  Ph.D.  72  is  the 
author  of  Bayonets  Be/ore  Bullets:  The  Imperial  Russian 
Army,  1 861-1914,  published  by  Indiana  University 
Press.  He  is  an  analyst  for  Slavic  and  East  European 
military  affairs  at  the  U.S.  Army  Command  and  Gen- 
eral Staff  College  in  Fott  Leavenworth,  Kan. 

Robert  C.  Foyle  '68  was  named  vice  president 
and  general  manager  of  the  dental  products  business 
unit  of  Miles  Inc. 

Lawrence  A.  Greenburg  '68,  vice  president 
and  senior  trust  officer  of  Chemical  Bank  Florida,  has 
been  designated  a  Certified  Financial  Trust  Adviser 
by  the  Institute  of  Certified  Bankers  Association.  The 
designation  is  awarded  for  demonstrating  excellence 
in  trusts  and  estates. 

Kenneth  S.  McCarty  '68,  M.D.  72,  Ph.D.  73  is 
a  professor  in  the  pathology  department  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Pittsburgh  Medical  Center,  where  he  spe- 
cializes in  breast  cancer.  He  and  his  wife,  Berrylin 
Ferguson  McCarty  M.D.  '80,  and  their  five 
children  live  in  Pittsburgh. 

Gary  W.  StubbS  '68  was  deployed  aboard  the 
amphibious  assault  ship  USS  Guam,  whose  home  port 
is  Norfolk,  Va. 

William  Waterf  ield  '68  was  named  clinical 
director  of  Cancer  Services  at  St.  Agnes  Hospital  in 
Baltimote. 

Linda  Hoff ner  Chandler  '69,  senior  vice  presi- 
dent for  finance  and  administration  at  the  Washing- 
ton, D.C.-based  National  Association  of  Manufactur- 
ers, was  elected  to  the  YWCA  Academy  of  Women 
Achievers.  She  lives  in  Washington. 


Field  A.M.  '69  was  named  chief  of 
the  branch  of  Pacific  marine  geology  at  the  U.S.  Geo- 
logical Survey.  He  lives  in  Sunnydale,  Calif. 

Kester  S.  Freeman  Jr.  M.H.A.  '69  was  named 
president  and  CEO  of  Richland  Memorial  Hospital  in 
Columbia,  S.C  He  was  elected  president  of  the  Duke 
Hospital  and  Health  Administration  Alumni  Associ- 
ation in  1990  and  is  a  membet  of  the  Duke  Alumni 
Association's  board  of  directors. 

Ross  Spears  '69  is  the  producer/director  and 
cinematographer  of  To  Render  a  Life:  "Let  Us  Now 
Praise  Famous  Men"  and  the  Documentary  Vision, 
which  won  a  Blue  Ribbon  at  the  American  Film  Fes- 
tival in  Chicago  last  May.  The  documentary  com- 
pares poverty  in  modern  America  and  the  1930s  and 
features  Duke  professors  Robert  Coles  and  Alex  Hat- 
ris.  It  has  been  shown  at  the  Washington,  D.C.,  Film 
Festival,  the  Atlanta  Film  Festival,  the  Va.  Festival  of 
American  Film,  and  won  first  prize  at  the  Heartland 
Film  Festival  in  Indianapolis  befote  opening  theatri- 
cally in  New  York  in  November. 

BIRTHS:  A  son  and  second  child  I 


Pitts  '68  and  Elizabeth  Pitts  on  Nov.  2.  Named 
Rodney  Carson. 


70s 


Taffy  Cannon  70,  M.A.T.  71  is  the  author  of  A 
Pocketful  of  Karma,  the  first  in  a  new  mystery  series 
published  by  Carroll  &  Graf.  She  and  her  husband. 
Bill  Kamenjarin  71,  an  attorney,  and  their 
daughter  live  in  Carlsbad,  Calif. 

Barry  A.  Cassidy  A.H.  Cert  71,  a  thoracic  and 
cardiovascular  physician  assistant  at  Mayo  Clinic 
Scottsdale,  is  a  doctoral  candidate  in  biomedical 
ethics  at  the  Union  Institute's  graduate  school  in 
Cit 


Brian  Chabot  Ph.D.  71  was  named  associate  dean 
of  Cornell  University's  College  of  Agricultute  and 
Life  Sciences. 

Frances  Johnson  Wright  72  opened  the  law 
office  of  Frances  Johnson  Wright,  P.C.  in  Dallas, 
Texas.  She  is  a  member  of  the  Dallas  Crime  Commis- 
sion's board  of  directors  and  the  Dallas  bar's  judiciary 
and  media  committees.  She  is  also  a  frequent  speaker 
on  litigation  cost-containment  issues.  She  and  her 
daughtet  live  in  Dallas. 

Bruce  Henry  Battjer  B.S.E.  73  was  named 
president  of  SunGatd  Planning  Solutions  Inc.,  a 
subsidiary  of  SunGard  Recovery.  He  lives  in  Med- 
ford,  N.J. 

Tassie  Bosher  73  is  senior  director  for  product 
analysis  and  marketing  at  Citicorps  Services,  Inc.  in 
Chicago.  She  and  her  husband,  Jose  R.  Perez- 

Sanz  74,  and  their  two  daughters  live  in  Hinsdale,  111. 

Phyllis  C.  Leppert  M.D.  73  was  invited  to  serve 
on  the  Women's  Health  Initiative  Program  Advisory 
Committee  of  the  National  Institutes  of  Health.  She 
chaits  obstetrics  and  gynecology  at  Rochester  Genetal 
Hospital  and  is  an  associate  professor  of  OB/GYN  at 
the  University  of  Rochestet  School  of  Medicine  and 
Dentistry. 

Charles  S.  Hamilton  74,  a  Navy  commanding 
officer,  arrived  aboard  the  destroyer  USS  O'Brien  in 
Yokosuka,  Japan,  for  a  permanent  home  port  change 
from  San  Diego,  as  part  of  the  overseas  family  resi- 
dency program. 

Jose  R.  Perez-Sanz  74  is  an  orthopaedic  sur- 
geon in  Oak  Lawn,  111.  He  and  his  wife,  Tassie 
Bosher  73,  and  their  two  daughters  live  in  Hinsdale. 

D.  Keith  Whitenight  M.F.  74  was  named  vice 
president  of  environmental  sciences  at  Greenhorne  &. 
O'Mara,  Inc.  He  lives  in  Gaithersburg,  Md. 

Walter  M.  Keel  M.B.A.  75  was  named  general 
manager  of  Active  Patenting  Publishers. 

Marjorie  Sun  75  is  the  Tokyo  reporter  for  Na- 
tional Public  Radio. 

Marcus  L.  Troxell  75  established  University 
Oncology  Associates  in  the  University  Medical  Park 
in  Charlotte  for  the  treatment  of  cancer  and  certain 
types  of  blood  diseases. 

Bruce  I.  Howell  Ed.D.  76  was  named  president 
of  the  N.C.  Association  of  Colleges  and  Universities. 
He  lives  in  Cary,  N.C. 

Douglas  J.  Miller  76  was  named  senior  vice 
president  of  U.S.  Trust  Co..  He  and  his  wife,  Donna, 
and  their  two  children  live  in  Wcstwood,  Mass. 


Spencer  76  is  a  faculty 
physician  with  the  Sioux  Falls  Family  Practice 
Residency. 

Brett  Steenbarger  76  is  director  of  student 


March-April    19  9  3 


A  WOMAN  OF  STYLE  AND  SUBSTANCE 


When  Alice 
McCauley 
Denney  '44 
hears  that  the  Duke 
Museum  of  Art  spon- 
sored an  Andy  Warhol 
conference  and  exhib- 
it, she's  clearly  de- 
lighted. "When  he  was 
first  starting  out,  none 
of  the  Washington 
[D.C.]  hostesses  wanted 
to  put  him  up,  so  he 
stayed  at  the  Cairo 
Hotel.  The  Cairo  Hotel! 
Ugh.  Of  course,  once 
he  became  famous, 
everyone  wined  and 
dined  him.  But  at  the 
time,  no  one  wanted 
him,  or  his  gang,  or 
The  Velvet  Under- 
ground staying  at  their 
homes." 

Denney  says  all  this 
with  a  laugh — she's  not 
name-dropping,  mind 
you — and  relays  how 
Warhol  was  part  of  the 
"Now  Festival"  in  1966 
that  Denney  helped 
bring  about.  "It  was 
wonderful.  Robert 
Rauschenberg  and 
Claes  Oldenburg  were 
there,  and  it  went  on 
night  after  night  The 
last  night  we  had  the 
Now  Ball,  and  people 
came  from  everywhere. 
The  ball  alone  paid  for 
the  entire  event.  But 
things  are  different 
now.  Back  then,  all 
that  artists  needed 
were  sheets  of  plastic,  a 
few  extension  cords, 
and  some  food  and 
booze.  Now  they  need 
elaborate  sound  and 
light  systems." 

For  young,  up-and- 
coming  artists,  Denney 
is  one  of  those  patron 
saints  who  not  only 
buys  their  works  (if  she 
truly  loves  them)  and 
makes  introductions, 
but  also  provides  wise 
guidance.  After  the  art 


Denney:  patron — and  patron 
AIDS-aware  Nineties 


of  the  arts,  from  the  Warhol  Sixties  to  the 


market's  dangerous 
over-inflation  in  the 
Eighties,  some  fledgling 
contemporary  artists 
assume  they  can  com- 
mand similar  prices. 
"Artists  come  to-me 
and  say,  'Well,  look 
what  Julian  Schnabel 
got  for  his  paintings,'  " 
says  Denney.  "But  that 
was  because  some  real 
estate  tycoons  were 
driving  up  the  price. 
All  of  us  [in  the  art 
community]  were  very 
upset.  One  young  artist 
was  going  to  charge 
$10,000  for  his  work, 
and  I  told  him  that  if 
he  pulled  it  down  to 
$4,000,  he  would  sell 
out.  And  he  did." 
Well-known  in 
Washington  circles  and 
beyond,  Denney 
started  the  Washington 
Gallery  of  Modern 
Art — now  merged  with 
the  Corcoran  Gallery — 
where  Jasper  Johns  and 
Rauschenberg  got 
early  recognition,  as 
well  as  the  orivately- 


funded  Washington 
Project  for  the  Arts. 
Denney  has  organized 
arts  fund-raisers  in 
roller  skating  rinks  and 
on  tennis  courts,  and 
she's  gone  into  people's 
attics  to  find  vintage 
items  for  first-class 
"garage  sales." 

Although  she  staged 
performance  art  "hap- 
penings" long  before 
they  were  in  vogue, 
Denney  says  she  has 
no  interest  in  staying 
ahead  of  trends.  "I  just 
want  to  help  young 
artists,"  she  says.  "As 
we  enter  the  Nineties,  1 
see  art  as  becoming 
much  more  serious, 
examining  social  issues. 
Two  male  artists  from 
New  York  were  visit- 
ing me  the  other  day 
and  they  are  very 
interested  in  'bio  art' — 
this  is  something 
women  artists  have 
been  doing  as  well — 
but  for  them  it  was 
because  of  AIDS.  I 
thought  they  would 


want  to  visit  some  gal- 
leries here  in  town,  but 
do  you  know  where 
they  wanted  to  go?  The 
National  Museum  of 
Health  and  Medicine." 

Although  she's  toyed 
with  the  idea  of  writing 
a  book  about  her  per- 
sonal art  collection  and 
by  extension,  her  mar- 
velously  off-beat  life, 
Denney  is  too  busy  to 
move  that  plan  from 
the  back  burner.  That's 
not  surprising,  given 
how  quickly  her  mind 
snatches  on  ideas  for 
new  projects. 

"There  are  ten  or 
twelve  women  from 
our  pledge  class  of 
Kappa  Alpha  Theta," 
says  Denney,  "who  still 
keep  in  touch.  We 
have  a  round-robin 
letter  that's  been  going 
around  since  1944. 1 
would  love  to  know 
what  happened  to  all 
those  letters.  Now  that 
would  be  a  book!" 


counseling  at  the  State  University  of  New  York 
Health  Science  Center  at  Syracuse  and  president  of 
the  N.Y.  State  College  Health  Association.  He  and 
his  wife,  Margie,  recently  returned  from  Moscow, 
Russia,  where  they  adopted  a  one-year-old  boy, 
Macrae  Ian. 

Steve  linger  M.D.  76  presented  a  lecture  and 
chaired  the  session  on  laproscopic  colon  resections  a' 
the  International  Minimal  Access  Surgical  Sympo- 
sium in  Kansas  City  in  November. 


'77  was  named  director  of  marketing, 
pure  premium  orange  juice,  for  Tropicana.  He  and 


his  wife,  Anita  Carlsen 

port,  Fla. 

Christopher  J.T.  Clark  '77,  an  investment  ex- 
ecutive in  Paine  Webber's  Colorado  Springs  office,  was 
named  a  Paine  Webber  Pacesetter,  awarded  to  out- 
standing members  of  the  sales  force.  He  and  his  wife, 
Mary,  and  their  son  live  in  Colorado  Springs,  Colo. 

Pam  Cook  '77  was  named  associate  dean  for  devel- 
opment at  the  University  of  Virginia. 

Jeffrey  A.  Heller  '77  is  in  solo  civil  practice  in 
New  York  and  New  Jersey  and  is  an  adjunct  clinical 
■  of  law  at  Brooklyn  Law  School. 


Leonard  '77  is  the  director  of  comput- 
ing and  networking  services  at  the  Ga.  Tech  College 
of  Computing  in  Atlanta.  He  is  also  a  member  of  the 
Atlanta  Symphony  Orchestra  Chorus.  He  and  his 
wife,  Deborah,  and  their  three  children  live  in 
Peachtree  City,  Ga. 


Ph.D.  '77,  the  assistant  commissioner 
for  Employment  Services  of  the  Ga.  Department  of 
Labor,  was  reappointed,  for  the  third  year,  to  the 
Governor's  Council  on  Developmental  Disabilities. 

Scott  B.  Baden  B.S.E.E.  '78  is  assistant  professor  of 
computer  science  at  the  University  of  Califomia-San 
Diego,  and  senior  fellow  at  the  San  Diego  Supercom- 
puter Center.  He  earned  his  Ph.D.  in  computer  sci- 
ence from  the  University  of  California  at  Berkeley  and 
spent  the  1988-89  academic  year  traveling  the  globe. 

Robert  R.  Bickel  '78,  a  Marine  major,  was  pro- 
moted to  his  present  rank  while  serving  with  Headquar- 
ters Battalion,  Marine  Headquarters,  Arlington,  Va. 

Peter  Griffith  '78  has  joined  North  American 
Collection  &  Location  by  Satellite,  the  U.S.  sub- 
sidiary of  the  French  company  that  operates  several 
satellite  systems.  He  is  manager  for  operations  and 
product  development  for  environmental  applications 
utilizing  the  Argos  and  Meteosat  satellites.  He  and  his 
wife,  Esther,  and  their  two  children  live  in  Baltimore. 

Janet  A.  Laubgross  '78  is  a  clinical  psycholo- 
gist in  private  practice  in  Fairfax,  Va.  She  and  her 
husband,  Alan,  and  their  son  live  in  Herndon,  Va. 

Lisa  McLaughlin  '78,  a  partner  at  the  St.  Louis 
law  firm  Bryan  Cave,  was  named  president  of  the 
Campbell  House  Foundation. 

Brian  Kent  Gullett  '79,  M.S.  '81,  Ph.D.  '84  is  an 

environmental  engineer  for  the  Environmental  Pro- 
tection Agency.  He  lives  in  Durham. 

Valerie  Gertner  Jonas  '79  is  a  currency  man- 
agement specialist  for  an  import/export  business  based 
in  Bogota,  Colombia.  Her  husband,  David  Jonas 
'79,  operates  a  chain  of  outpatient  rhinoplasty  centers 
in  Florida.  They  have  two  children  and  live  in  Miami 
Beach,  Fla. 

Martin  A.  Morse  '79,  M.D.  '83  is  completing  a 
one-year  hand  and  upper  extremity  surgery  fellowship 
in  the  orthopaedic  surgery  department  at  the  Univer- 
sity of  Pittsburgh  Medical  Center.  From  July  1993  to 
June  1995,  he  will  complete  a  plastic  and  reconstruc- 
tive surgery  residency  at  the  University  of  Florida. 

Celeste  McMichael  Rohlfing  '79,  a  senior 
member  of  the  technical  staff  at  Sandia  National 
Laboratories  in  Livermore,  Calif.,  was  selected  to 
serve  as  a  U.S.  Department  of  Energy  Laboratory 
Distinguished  Lecturer  for  1993.  She  and  her  hus- 
band, Eric,  and  their  two  daughters  live  in  Pleasan- 
ton,  Calif. 

Peter  C.  Wood  '79  is  a  stock  analyst  with  Stan- 
dard &  Poor's  Corp.  in  New  York.  He  and  his  wife, 
Margaret,  and  their  three  children  live  in  Basking 
Ridge,  N.J. 


MARRIAGES:  Janet  R.  Laubgross  '78  to 

AlanS.  Orloff  in  June  1991.  Residence:  Hemdon, 
Va.... Brian  Kent  Gullett  '79,  M.S.  '81,  Ph.D. 
'84  to  Billy  Frances  Worde  on  Oct.  24.  Residence: 
Durham. 


BIRTHS:  Second  child  and  daughter  t 
Bosher  '73  and  Jose  Perez-Sanz  '74  on  April 
1,  1992.  Named  Martha  Smith... Daughter  and  third 
child  to  Jerry  S.  Apple  '74,  M.D.  '78  and  Janice 
K.  Apple  on  Dec.  14.  Named  Emily. .  .First  child  and 
son  to  Caroline  Mesrobian  Hickman  '75 
and  R.  Harrison  Hickman  on  July  2.  Named  Ralfe 
Harrison. .  .Daughter  and  third  child  to  Suzannah 
Harding  Spencer  '76  and  Craig  Spencer  on  July 
19.  Named  Dorothy  Louise. .  .Second  son  and  fourth 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


child  to  Bradley  R.  Byme  77  and  Rebecca  Dukes 
Byrne  on  Sept.  15.  Named  Colin  Arthur... Third  child 
and  first  daughter  to  David  B.  Leonard  77  and 
Deborah  Leonard.  Named  Jennifer  Lauren. . .  Twins  to 
Janet  Walberg  Rankin  77  and  Robert  Rankin 
on  March  13.  Named  Lena  Rae  and  Jackson  Lance... 
First  child  and  son  to  Deborah  McCauley 
Henry  78  and  Reginald  B.  "Buck"  Henry  III 
78  on  Nov.  2.  Named  Richatd  Buchanan... First 
child  and  son  to  Janet  R.  Laubgross  78  and 
Alan  S.  Orloff  in  October.  Named  Mark 
Andrew. .  .Second  child  and  daughter  to  Audrey 
Burton  Solnit  78  and  Ben  Solnit  on  Dec.  17. 
Named  Anita  Burton. . .  Second  child  and  daughter  to 
Lee  Summers  Clay  B.S.N.  79  and  Gary  Brown 
on  April  8,  1992.  Named  Riley  Elizabeth. .  .Second 
daughter  and  fourth  child  to  Christopher  Jon 
Ema  79  and  Maura  Lyren  Ema  B.S.N.  '81  on 
Dec.  2.  Named  Emily  Brita...  Second  child  and 
daughter  to  Tracie  Ann  Jensen  79  on  June  3, 
1992.  Named  Olivia  Tessa  Jacquemin. 


80s 


Jane  Roy  croft  Brasier  '80  was  named  director 
of  business  development  at  The  John  R.  McAdams 
Co.,  Inc.,  a  civil  engineering  firm  headquartered  in 
Research  Triangle  Park.  She  and  her  husband,  Chris 
Brasier  M.B.A.  '91,  and  their  daughter  live  in 
Durham. 


Berrylin  Ferguson  M.D.  '80  is  an  assistant  pro- 
fessor in  the  otolaryngology  department  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Pittsburgh  Medical  Center,  where  she  spe- 
cializes in  sinus  surgery  and  allergy.  She  and  her 
husband,  Kenneth  S.  McCarty  '68,  M.D.  72, 
Ph.D.  73,  and  their  five  children  live  in  Pittsburgh. 


Richard  Charles  Gaskins  Jr.  BSE.  '80 
recently  spoke  at  the  Hazardous  Substances  Litigation 
Workshop,  the  National  Farm  Credit  Bank  Counsel 
Seminar,  and  the  Charlotte  Chamber  Environmental 
School  meeting  about  environmental  issues.  Gaskins, 
who  focuses  his  practice  on  environmental  issues,  is 
treasurer  of  the  Environmental  and  Natural  Resources 
section  of  the  N.C  Bar  Association,  and  is  a  member 
of  the  Toxic  and  Environmental  Torts  Litigation 
Committee  of  the  Natural  Resources  section  of  the 
American  Bar  Association.  He  is  a  partner  at  the  law 
firm  Petree  Stockton  and  lives  in  Charlotte. 

Kathy  Beale  LaFortune  B.S.M.E.  '80  is  com- 
pleting her  Ph.D.  in  clinical  psychology  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Tulsa  and  plans  to  entet  the  field  of  forensic 
psychology. 

Mark  Glen  Schwartz  '80  is  a  partner  with  Drs. 
Smolenski,  Brill,  Hayken  6k  Schwartz,  P.A.,  an 
orthopaedic  surgery  group  in  Marlton  and  Mt.  Laurel, 
N.J.  He  specializes  in  sports  medicine  and  arthro- 
scopic surgery. 

Jeff  Winkler  '80  practices  law  with  the  Charleston, 
S.C.,  firm  Buist,  Moore,  Smythe  &  McGee. 

Jeffrey  L.  Gendell  '81  is  a  portfolio  manager 
for  Odyssey  Partners,  L.P.,  a  New  York  investment 
partnership.  He  and  his  wife,  Maltha,  live  in  New 
York  City. 

Jeffrey  A.  LeVee  '81,  a  graduate  of  Northwest- 
em's  law  school,  is  a  litigation  partner  in  the  Los 
Angeles  office  of  Jones,  Day,  Reavis  &  Pogue.  He  and 
his  wife,  Gail,  and  their  three  children  live  in 
Redondo  Beach,  Calif. 

Steven  Douglas  Parman  '81  is  a  partner 
in  the  law  firm  Watkins,  McGugin,  McNeilly  & 
Rowan  in  Nashville,  Tenn.  He  and  his  wife, 


Elizabeth,  and  their  twin  girls  live  in  Nashville. 

Amy  Smolens  '81  is  co-owner  of  Calamari  Video, 
a  California  television  and  video  production  com- 
pany, based  in  the  San  Francisco  Bay  area,  that  spe- 
cializes in  the  sports  and  recreational  industries. 


Jennifer  Holte  Stevens  '81  heads  the  com- 
petitive strategy  group  at  Pacific  Bell  SMART 
Yellow  Pages.  She  and  her  husband,  Mark,  live  in 
Larkspur,  Calif. 

Sheri  Levine  Cole  '82  is  a  senior  systems  soft- 
ware analyst  for  Alyeska  Pipeline  Service  Co.  and 
British  Petroleum.  She  and  her  husband,  Brent,  and 
their  son  live  in  Anchorage,  Alaska. 

Morris  Ellison  J.D.  '82  is  a  partner  in  the  Charles- 
ton, S.C.,  law  firm  Buist,  Moore,  Smythe  6k  McGee. 

Thomas  M.  EwingJ.D.  '82,  a  partner  in  the  New 
York  City  law  firm  Chadbourne  6k  Parke,  bought  the 
Keene  (N.H.)  Sentinel,  one  of  the  oldest  newspapers 
in  the  country. 

Michelle  H.  Lester  B.S.E.  '82,  who  earned  her 
J.D.  in  1987  at  George  Washington  University's  law 
school,  joined  the  partnership  of  the  Washington, 
D.C.,  law  firm  Cushman,  Darby  6k  Cushman,  where 
she  specializes  in  patent  prosecution  and  licensing. 

James  Myrick  '82  practices  law  with  the  Charles- 
ton, S.C.,  firm  Buist,  Moore,  Smythe  6k  McGee. 

Alan  M.  Ruley  '82  joined  the  Winston-Salem, 
N.C,  law  firm  Bell,  Davis  6k  Pitt,  P.A.,  where  he 


Battle  '83,  M.B.A.  '84  is  director 
of  client  service  for  Information  Resources  Inc.  His 
wife,  Emma  L.  Singletary  '83,  is  operations 
manager  for  Sara  Lee  Knit  Products.  They  live  in 
Winston-Salem. 


We  Work  As  Hard 
For  Your  Money  As  You  Do 


Oak  Value  Capital  Management  Inc.  is  a  diversified 

investment  management  firm  that  provides 

portfolio  management  services  for  individuals,  corporations, 

retirement  accounts,  pension  funds,  trusts,  and  foundations. 

Our  firm  focuses  on  long  term  capital  appreciation 

through  value  oriented  investing. 

We  would  like  to  discuss  our  investment  philosophy 

and  your  investment  alternatives  with  you. 


OAK  VALUE 


CAPITAL  MANAGEMENT,  INC. 


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March-April    1993 


Bralla  '83  is  the  operations 
manager  for  the  Savannah  River  Plant  Federal  Credit 
Union  in  Aiken,  S.C.  She  and  her  husband,  J.R.,  and 
their  son  live  in  Augusta,  Ga. 

Harold  E.  Harvey  II  '83  has  started  his  internal 
medicine  practice  in  Beckley,  W.Va.,  with  his  father, 
Harold  E.  Harvey  39,  M.D.  43 

Jane  Lembeck  Kuesel  '83,  who  earned  her 

law  degree  in  1986  at  the  University  of  Virginia  Law 
School,  was  elected  a  partner  in  the  national  law  firm 
McDermott,  Will  &  Emery.  She  practices  at  its  New 
York  office. 

James  Parris  J.D.  '83  is  a  partner  in  the  Charles- 
ton, S.C,  law  firm  Buist,  Moore,  Smythe  &  McGee. 

Katherine  Strozier  Payne  '83,  J.D.  '87  was 
named  vice  president,  assistant  general  counsel  at 
USTravel.  She  lives  in  Rockville,  Md. 


L.  Singletary  '83  is  operations  manager 
for  Sara  Lee  Knit  Products.  Her  husband,  Joseph 
A.  Battle  '83,  M.B.A.  '84  is  director  of  client  ser- 
vice for  Information  Resources  Inc.  They  live  in 
Winston-Salem. 

William  Boyce  Byerly  '84  is  a  doctoral  candi- 
date in  Duke's  computer  science  department.  He  and 
his  wife,  Ingrid,  live  in  Hillsborough,  N.C. 

Mathew  R.  Cicchinelli  '84,  a  Marine  captain, 
received  the  Navy  Commendation  Medal  for  merito- 
rious service  while  serving  with  the  Manpower  and 
Reserve  Affairs  Department,  Headquarters,  Washing- 
ton, D.C.  He  is  currently  assigned  with  1st  Low  Alti- 
tude Air  Defense  Battalion,  1st  Marine  Aircraft  Wing, 
Marine  Corps  Air  Station  Futenma,  Okinawa,  Japan. 

Anne  Rineberg  Jacobson  B.S.E.E.  '84  is  a 

member  of  the  technical  staff  at  AT&T  Bell  Labora- 
tories in  Holmdel,  N.J.  She  and  her  husband,  Matt, 
and  their  daughter  live  in  Marlboro,  N.J. 

Blaise  Jones  '84,  who  earned  his  M.D.  from 
Georgetown  University,  will  finish  his  radiology  resi- 
dency at  the  University  of  Cincinnati  in  June  1993. 
He  has  been  accepted  for  a  fellowship  in  neuroradiol- 
ogy at  the  University  of  Cincinnati  and  Cincinnati 
Children's  Hospital.  He  and  his  wife,  Jennifer,  and 
their  two  children  live  in  Cincinnati. 

Julie  Ruddick  Meade  '84  is  a  senior  associate 
in  project  finance  at  Barclays  Bank  PLC  in  New 
York  City. 

Dennis  Barry  Brickman  BSE.  '85  is  a 
mechanical  engineering  safety  and  design  consultant 
at  Triodyne  Inc.  He  and  his  wife,  Wendy,  a  medicaL 
student  at  the  University  of  Chicago,  live  in  Chicago. 


'85,  M.B.A.  '87 
was  named  account  manager  at  the  Lexington  office 
of  The  Wenz-Neely  Co.,  the  largest  public  relations 
firm  in  Kentucky.  She  and  her  husband,  Michael 
M.  Dawahare  M.B.A.  '87,  live  in  Lexington. 

Robert  Harleston  Lesesne  '85  transferred  to 

the  Raleigh  office  of  the  law  firm  Petree  Stockton 
from  the  firm's  Winston-Salem  office.  He  will  con- 
tinue to  work  in  commercial  litigation,  antitrust,  and 
intellectual  property. 

Michael  C.  Libby  '85  received  his  Ph.D.  in 
chemistry  from  Penn  State  University  in  December. 
He  lives  in  State  College,  Pa. 

Coleen  G.  Provitola  McCray  '85,  who  earned 
her  master's  in  marriage  and  family  therapy  from  Stet- 
son University,  is  director  of  operations  for  CMS/DATA 
Corp.,  a  leading  legal  accounting  software  company. 
She  and  her  husband,  Gordon,  live  in  Tallahassee. 

Allison  Bell  Politinsky  '85  was  named  director 
of  communications  at  the  Louisville  Presbyterian 
Theological  Seminary  in  Kentucky. 


Barry  Schneirov  B.S.E.  '85  is  vice  president- 
product  manager  for  Eagle  Asset  Management,  the 
money  management  subsidiary  of  Raymond  James 
Financial.  He  and  his  wife,  Amy,  live  in  Tampa,  Fla. 

Gretchen  Hess  Trola  '85,  a  1988  Northwest- 
ern University  Law  School  graduate,  is  an  associate  at 
the  Chicago  law  firm  Barack,  Ferrazzano,  Kirschbaum 
&  Perlman.  She  and  her  husband,  John,  are  the  par- 
ents of  twin  girls. 

Loretta  Morris  Williams  '85  is  a  senior  health 
policy  analyst  with  the  American  Public  Welfare 
Association.  She  and  her  husband,  Mickey,  and  their 
daughter  live  in  Vienna,  Va. 

Robert  Benford  B.S.E.E.  '86  transferred  to 
Johnson  &  Johnson  Advanced  Materials  Co.  in  Ben- 


Mickey  T.  D'Armi  '86,  a  Marine  captain,  reported 
for  duty  with  the  Department  of  Defense's  Armed 
Forces  Inaugural  Committee,  Washington,  D.C. 


i.S.E.  '86,  who  earned 
her  M.B.A.  from  the  University  of  Chicago,  is  an 
assistant  brand  manager  at  A&W  Brands.  She  lives  in 
Manhattan. 

Samia  Mahassni  '86  earned  her  M.D.  in  Jeddah, 
Saudi  Arabia,  and  started  her  residency  in  general 
surgery  at  King  Abdul  Aziz  University  Hospital  in 
Jeddah. 

Sawsan  Mahassni  '86  received  his  Ph.D.  in 
chemistry  from  UNC-Chapel  Hill  in  May.  He  is  liv- 
ing in  Jeddah,  Saudi  Arabia. 

Susan  Helm-Mahon  '86  was  named  director  of 
group  market  research  and  development  for  the  group 
division  of  Benefit  Trust  Life  Insurance  Co.  She  lives 
in  Highland  Park,  111. 


cm  86  is  a  programmer 
analyst  for  ASM  Research  in  Arlington,  Va.  She  and 
her  husband,  Steve,  live  in  Lorton,  Va. 


li  '86  was  named  vice  president  of  sys- 
tems development  at  Government  Securities  Clearing 
Corp.  He  lives  in  Boonton,  N.J. 

Deborah  Lynn  Pollock  '86  is  completing  a  one- 
year  fellowship  sponsored  by  the  Women's  Law  and 
Public  Policy  Fellowship  program.  She  works  at  the 
Sex  Discrimination  Clinic  at  Georgetown  University 
Law  Center,  which  represents  domestic  violence  vic- 
tims. She  was  an  associate  with  the  law  firm  Steptoe 
&  Johnson  in  Washington,  D.C. 

Timothy  N.  Thoelecke  Jr.  '86,  an  employee  of 
Garden  Concepts,  Inc.,  successfully  completed  the 
certified  arborist  examinations  administered  through 
the  International  Society  of  Arboriculture  and  the 
Illinois  chapter  of  the  ISA. 

Rhoda  Jane  Northcutt  Barrett  '87  is  direc- 
tor of  development  at  John  Bachner  Communications 
in  Silver  Spring,  Md.  She  and  her  husband,  Ron,  live 
in  Arlington,  Va. 

Lisa  Levy  Breslau  '87  is  a  senior  editorial  assis- 
tant at  Duke  Medical  Center.  She  and  her  husband, 
Jonathan,  will  be  moving  to  Seattle  in  June. 

Catherine  Clark  '87,  who  earned  her  master's  in 
French  literature  at  the  University  of  California  at 
Berkeley  while  working  as  editor  of  The  Berkeley 
Guide  to  Eastern  Europe,  is  now  West  Coast  sales  man- 
ager for  Tien  Wah  Press,  a  Singapore-based  printer  of 
pop-up  and  illustrated  books. 

Karen  Klein  Herbst  '87  is  pursuing  her  Ph.D.  in 
biomedical  sciences  at  the  University  of  California  at 
San  Diego.  She  and  her  husband,  Rich  Herbst 
B.S.E.  '88,  a  Navy  F-14  pilot,  have  a  son  and  live  in 
San  Diego. 

Mark  Thomas  Reading  '87  was  promoted  to 


institutional  specialty  representative  for  Pratt  Phar- 
maceuticals, the  newest  division  of  Pfizer  Inc.  He 
lives  in  Brooklyn,  N.Y. 

Marina  Rust  '87  is  author  of  the  novel  Gatherings, 
her  first  book,  which  was  published  by  Simon  and 
Schuster  in  February. 

Melissa  Anne  Schneider  '87,  a  Marine  cap- 
tain, reported  for  duty  with  Headquarters  Service 
Battalion,  Marine  Corps  Base,  Quantico,  Va. 

George  M.  Smart  Jr.  M.B.A.  '87,  president  of 
Strategic  Development,  Inc.,  a  management  consult- 
ing firm  specializing  in  team  building  and  executive 
coaching,  was  appointed  as  national  adviser  in  the 
American  Society  for  Training  and  Development. 

Michael  C.  Turzai  J.D.  '87  is  an  associate  in  the 
litigation  section  of  the  Pittsburgh  law  firm  Houston 
Harbaugh. 

Gary  Ray  Austin  '88  reported  for  duty  at  Naval 
Air  Reserve  at  the  Naval  air  station  in  Jacksonville,  Ha. 

Celeste  M.  Barnette  '88  is  an  oceanography 
and  physical  science  teacher  and  a  cheerleading 
coach  at  a  public  high  school  in  Rancho  Bernardo, 
Calif.  She  lives  in  San  Diego. 

Kathryn  Edson  '88,  who  completed  her  master's 
in  museum  education  at  Banks  Street  College  in  New 
York,  is  teaching  kindergarten  at  Friends  Central 
School  in  Gladwynne,  Pa.  She  and  her  husband, 
Andras  T.  Koppanyi  '88,  live  in  Ardmore,  Pa. 

Robert  S.  Freedman  '88,  who  received  his  J.D. 
from  Stetson  University  College  of  Law,  is  practicing 
real  estate  law  with  the  Florida  law  firm  Carlton, 
Fields,  Ward,  Emmanuel,  Smith,  &  Cutler,  P.  A.  He 
and  his  wife,  Sheri,  and  their  daughter  live  in  Safety 
Harbor,  Fla. 


Rich  Herbst  B.S.E.  '88,  a  Navy  lieutenant  and  F- 
14  pilot,  received  his  M.B.A.  from  Mississippi  State 
University  while  serving  as  a  Navy  jet  flight  instruc- 
tor in  Meridian,  Miss.  He  and  his  wife,  Karen 
Klein  Herbst  '87,  a  doctoral  candidate  in  biomed- 
ical sciences  at  the  University  of  California  at  San 
Diego,  have  a  son  and  live  in  San  Diego. 

Andras  T.  Koppanyi  '88  is  an  international 
underwriter  and  business  development  specialist  for 
CIGNA  Worldwide  in  Philadelphia.  He  and  his  wife, 
Kathryn  Edson  Koppanyi  '88,  live  in  Ard- 
more, Pa. 

Lance  R.  Moritz  '88,  a  Navy  lieutenant,  was 
transferred  to  the  USS  Belknap,  whose  home  port  is 
Gaeta,  Italy. 

B.  Andrew  Rabin  '88,  who  earned  his  M.B.A. 
from  Wharton  School  at  Penn  in  1992,  is  an  associate 
in  the  investment  banking  division  of  Goldman, 
Sachs  &  Co. 

Rosemarie  Reid  '88,  who  earned  her  M.D.  from 
Johns  Hopkins  in  May,  is  a  first-year  pediatrics  resi- 
dent at  Wright  Patterson  Air  Force  Base  Hospital  and 
an  Air  Force  captain. 

Howard  A.  Skaist  M.B.A.  '88,  J.D.  '88  passed  the 
patent  bar  examination  given  by  the  U.S.  Patent  and 
Trademark  Office  and  was  promoted  to  patent  attor- 
ney at  the  GE  Research  and  Development  Center. 

Leslie  S.  Thomas  '88,  who  earned  her  master's 
in  educational  psychology  from  the  University  of 
Georgia  in  December  1991,  is  assistant  director  of 
admissions  at  Denison  University  in  Granville,  Ohio. 
She  and  her  husband,  Gerald,  live  in  Columbus. 


I  opened  a  crafts 
gallery,  Moondance,  in  South  Square  Mall  in  Durham. 
She  and  her  husband,  Jeff,  live  in  Chapel  Hill. 

Nelson  C.  Bellido  '89  received  his  J.D.  from  the 
University  of  Florida's  law  school  in  December. 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


Frederick  V.  Brooks  '89  is  aboard  the  aircraft 
carrier  USS  Ranger  on  a  six-month  deployment  to  the 
Western  Pacific,  Indian  Ocean,  and  Persian  Gulf. 

Adam  K.  Derman  '89  graduated  with  honors 
from  George  Washington  University  National  Law 
Center,  where  he  was  notes  editor  of  the  Law  Review. 

Troy  L.  Grigsby  Jr.  '89  is  an  associate  with  the 
Ohio  law  firm  Vorys,  Sater,  Seymour  and  Pease. 

Kenneth  B.  Jacobs  '89,  who  earned  his  J.D. 
from  the  University  of  Florida's  law-  school  in  May,  is 
an  associate  with  the  Jacksonville  law  firm  Kirschner, 
Main,  Petrie,  Graham  6k  Tanner,  specializing  in  com- 
mercial litigation.  His  article,  "Cross-collateralization 
in  the  Wake  of  In  re  Saybrook  Mfg.  Co,  Inc. ,"  will  be 
published  in  the  winter  edition  of  the  Bankruptcy 
Developments  Journal. 

Michael  D.  Jones  '89  is  an  associate  in  the 
employment  law  department  of  the  Philadelphia  firm 
Montgomery,  McCracken,  Walker  6k  Rhoads.  He 
lives  in  Philadelphia. 

Leslie  Kovach  '89,  art  director  for  the  Village 
Sports  division  of  The  Village  Companies,  received 
the  Village  Pride  award  for  excellence  in  her  work  for 
the  Chapel  Hill-based,  media-oriented  company. 

Jay  C.  Miniati  '89,  an  associate  in  the  Society  of 
Actuaries,  is  working  for  Aetna  Life  and  Casualty  in 
Middletown,  Conn.,  where  he  is  in  the  managed  care 
product  development  area  of  Aetna  Health  Plans. 
He  is  also  president  of  the  Duke  Alumni  Club  of 
Connecticut. 

Eli  J.  Richardson  B.S.E.  '89  joined  the  Grand 
Rapids,  Mich.,  law  firm  Warner,  Norcross  6k  Judd. 

Scott  Bobbins  A.M.  '89,  who  is  pursuing  his  doc- 
torate in  composition  at  Florida  State  University,  was 
awarded  a  grant  from  the  American  Society  of  Com- 
posers, Authors,  and  Publishers,  given  annually  to  a 
young  composer  who  has  exhibited  outstanding  talent. 

Daniel  F.  Sedwick  '89  is  a  self-employed  profes- 
sional numismatist  specializing  in  "treasure  coins" 
found  in  shipwrecks.  He  is  also  a  free-lance  musician. 
He  and  his  wife,  Patty,  live  in  Orlando,  Fla. 

Christopher  B.  Williamson  '89,  a  Navy  lieu- 
tenant j.g.,  was  deployed  to  the  Middle  East  for  six 
months  aboard  the  guided  missile  frigate  USS  Samuel 
B.  Roberts. 


MARRIAGES:  Jeffrey  L.  Gendell  '81  to  Martha 
Powers  on  Aug.  15.  Residence:  New  York  City... 
Jennifer  Nolte  '81  to  Mark  Stevens  on  Sept.  12. 
Residence:  Larkspur,  Calif.... Suzanne  Rich  '83 
to  George  Anderson  Folsom  on  July  27,  1991 .  Resi- 
dence: Washington,  PC      Emma  L.  Single- 
tary  '83  to  Joseph  A.  Battle  '83,  M.B.A.  '84  on 
Oct.  18.  Residence:  Winston-Salem... William 
Boyce  Byerly  '84  to  Ingrid  Bianca  Van  Der  Spuy 
on  July  4  in  South  Africa.  Residence:  Hillsborough, 
N.C....  Julie  A.  Ruddick  '84  to  Charles  P. 
Meade  on  Sept.  12.  Residence:  New  York 
City... Dennis  Barry  Brickman  BSE.  '85  to 
Wendy  Jo  Bass  on  Dec.  19.  Residence:  Chicago. . . 
R.  Challoner  *85,  M.B.A.  '87  to 
tel  M.  Dawahare  M.B.A.  '87  on  March 
28,  1992.  Residence:  Lexington,  k        Charles 
Gregory  Guevara  '85  to  Elizabeth  Brous 
'87  on  Oct.  3 1 .  Residence:  New  York  City. .  .Hilary 
L.  Chesnutt  '86  to  Stephen  M.  Michl  on  Sept.  19. 
Residence:  Lorton,  Elizabeth  Brous  '87  to 

Charles  Gregory  Guevara  '85  on  Oct.  31. 
Residence:  New  York  City... Heather  Sharon 
Campbell  '87  to  Mark  T.  Leonard  '87  in  June 
1990.  Residence:  Richmond,  Va....Lisa  Levy  '87 
to  Jonathan  Breslau  on  Nov.  7.  Residence: 
Durham... Rhoda  Jane  Northcutt  '87  to  Ron 
Barrett  on  Sept.  26.  Residence:  Arlington, 
Va     Stephanie  Perkins  '87  to  Peter  Clifford 


on  Sept.  12.  Residence:  Portland,  Maine...  Joseph 
P.  Atkins  '88  to  Suzan  F.  Charlton  on  Oct.  10. 
Residence:  Bethesda,  \1,1..  . Janis  Bergman  '88 
to  Jeff  Tillman  in  August  1991.  Residence:  Chapel 
Hill    Kathryn  F.  Edson  88  to  Andras  T. 
Koppanyi  '88  on  July  18.  Residence:  Ardmore, 
Pa...  Jill  Hicole  Greene  '88  to  Eric 
Jonathan  Rothschild  '89  on  May  10.  Resi- 
dence: Philadelphia. ..Nicholas  M.  Kredich  '88, 
M.A.T.  '90  to  Kimberley  Lathrop  '89  on  Sept. 
5  in  Duke  Chapel.  Residence:  Palo  Alto, 
Calif.... Christopher  M.  Olson  '88  to  Gretchen 
Weithman  on  Aug.  1.  Residence:  Charleston, 
SC      Leslie  Thomas  '88  to  Gerald  Golebiewski 
on  Oct.  10.  Residence:  Columbus,  Ohio. ..Laurie 
Anne  Jorgensen  '89  to  James  A.  Murphy  III  on 
Nov.  23.  Residence:  Saratoga  Springs,  N.Y....Eric 
Jonathan  Rothschild  '89  to  Jill  Nicole 

Greene  '88  on  May  10.  Residence:  Philadelphia... 
Daniel  F.  Sedwick  '89  to  Patricia  Read  on  Aug. 
22.  Residence:  Maitland,  Fla. 

BIRTHS:  First  child  and  son  to  Stephen  Michael 
Erixon  M.H.A.  '80  and  Karen  Erixon  on  Oct.  27. 
Named  Perry  Brooks. . .Son  and  third  child  to  Kathy 
Beale  LaFortune  B.S.M.E.  '80  and  William 
LaFortune.  Named  William  David  Jr. . .  .Third  child 
and  first  daughter  to  Sharon  Anne  McCloskey 
'80  and  Kurt  Peters  on  Sept.  17.  Named  Haley.  ..Fifth 
child  and  second  son  to  Jane  Weideli  Ott  B.S.N. 
'80  and  Gregory  Ott  on  Aug.  4.  Named  Nicholas 
Harold... First  child  and  daughter  to  Patrice  Vor- 
werk  Rose  '80  and  Richard  Rose.  Named  Breanna 
Whitney. .  .Fourth  child  and  second  daughter  to 
Maura  Lyren  Ema  B.S.N.  '81  and  Christopher 
Jon  Ema  '79  on  Dec.  2.  Named  Emily  Brita... 
Daughter  to  Catherine  Parsons  Emmett 
B.S.N.  '81  and  David  M.  Emmett  on  Nov.  19.  Named 
Chelsea  Parsons. .  .Second  child  and  first  son  to 
Susan  Gold  Kahn  '81  and  Bobby  Kahn  on 
Nov.  16.  Named  Kevin  Joel. .  .Twin  girls  to  Steven 
D.  Parman  '81  and  Elizabeth  Parman  on  June  6. 
Named  Mary  Elizabeth  and  Catherine  Claire. .  .Son  to 
Sheri  Levine  Cole  '82  and  Brent  Cole  on  July 
19.  Named  Ryan  Richard. .  .Second  child  and  daugh- 
ter to  Jeffrey  Wayne  Johnson  '82  and 
Meghan  Johnson  on  Sept.  1.  Named  Chelsea 
Lee. .  .Second  daughter  to  Kim  Kermode 
Roberts  M.H.A.  '82  on  April  17,  1992.  Named 
Kendra  Carolyne. .  .Second  child  and  first  son  to 
Lani  Schweiker  Shelton  '82  and  William  N. 
Shelton  on  July  22.  Named  John  Schweiker. .  .First 
child  and  son  to  Mylinda  Baker  Bralla  '83  and 
J.R.  Casey  Bralla.  Named  Connor  Alexander... 
Daughter  and  third  child  to  Susan  Sto  well 
Chapman  '83  and  Peter  Chapman  on  Dec.  7. 
Named  Mary  Whitney. .  .First  daughter  and  second 
child  to  Allison  Haack  Glackin  '83  and 
George  Bartol  Glackin  III  on  Aug.  7-  Named  Abigail 
Leigh... First  child  and  daughter  to  Betty  Rob- 
bins  Sharpe  Flinn  '84  and  Steve  Flinn  on  Oct. 
25.  Named  Sarah  Hays... First  child  and  daughter  to 
Anne  Rineberg  Jacobson  B.S.E.E.  '84  and 
Matthew  Jacobson  on  March  24,  1992.  Named  Leah 
Michelle... Second  child  and  son  to  Scott  Wal- 
lace '84  and  Barbara  Ann  Wallace  on  July  23. 
Named  Brendan  Alexander. .  .Second  child  and  first 
son  to  Michael  Bernard  McNulty  '85  and 
Sheila  McNulty  on  March  17.  Named  Sean 
Michael. .  .First  child  and  daughter  to  Loretta 
Morris  Williams  '85  and  Mickey  Williams  on 
Aug.  1.  Named  Kelly  Morris... First  child  and  daugh- 
ter to  Louise  Meinecke  Margolis  '86  and 
David  Margolis  on  Nov.  17.  Named  Katrina  Gray... 
Daughter  to  Janet  Vorsanger  Sweeney  '86 
and  James  F.  Sweeney  B.S.M.E.  '86  on  Oct. 
30.  Named  Karen  Rose... First  child  and  son  to 
Kristine  Gonzalez  DeMatteo  '87  and  John 
DeMatteo  II  '86  on  Dec.  30.  Named  Andrew 
Paul... Second  son  to  Rhonda  Sukin  Kaye  '87 
and  Jeffrey  Andrew  Kaye  on  Dec.  8.  Named  Doniel 


Have  A 
Bail! 

At  The  Dukelennis  Camp. 

Ages  8-18,  sign  up  for  one  week 
sessions  available... 
June  13-18, 19-24,  26-Julyl 
Jury5-10, 11-16, 17-22 
Residential  or  day  camp.  Ratio  1:4. 

Jay  Lapidus,  mens  coach,  formerly  top  30  in  the  world; 

1991 ACC  Coach  of  the  Year.  #9  NCAA  Preseason  Team 

Ranking. 

Geoff  Macdonald,  women  s  coach,  formerly  top  200  in  the 

world;  1992  ACC  Coach  of  the  Year.  #4  NCAA  Preseason 

Team  Ranking. 

Duke  Tennis  Camp  Administrative  Office 

P.O.  Box  2553  Durham,  NC  27715-2553 

919-471-8268  OR 

919-684-2120 


Duke 

University 

Golf  Schools 

1993 

for  boys  and  girls 
ages  11-11 


June  12-June  17 boys  only 

June  19-June  24 co-ed 

$750  per  week 

2  week  sessions  not  available 


For  applications,  write  to:  Rod  Myers, 

Golf  Director,  Duke  University  Golf  Club, 

Box  90551,  Durham,  NC  27708-0551 

(919)681-2494 


h-April    1993 


THE  BIG  THAW 


It's  morning  in  the 
former  Soviet 
Union,  and  giddy 
post-perestroika  excite- 
ment has  given  way  to 
sobering  visions  of  the 
future.  For  Jack  Gos- 
nell  Ph.D.  '66,  the  U.S. 
Consul  General  to  St. 
Petersburg,  it  is  both  a 
historic  and  transitory 


"We're  at  a  junction 
like  that  which  oc- 
curred after  World  War 
II,"  says  Gosnell,  as  his 
three  young  children 
play  on  the  streets  of 
St.  Petersburg  below. 
"I'm  not  talking  about 
winning  the  cold  war; 
I'm  talking  about  the 
fundamental  restruc- 
turing of  an  entire  soci- 
ety. And  what  we  do 
here  in  the  next  five 
years  will  ring  for  fifty." 

More  than  any  other 
factor,  says  Gosnell, 
the  economy  will 
determine  what  cul- 
tural, social,  and  politi- 
cal changes  take  place. 
"What  you're  looking 
at  here  is  a  society, 
unlike  ours,  that  never 
went  through  a  street- 
corner  understanding 
of  economy.  The  num- 
ber of  size-twelve  blue 
socks  made  in  Minsk, 
for  example,  was  never 
decided  in  Minsk.  It  was 
decided  in  Moscow. 

"The  way  an  econ- 


Russian  reconstructions:  U.S.  Consul  General  Gosnell, 
J.B.  Fuqua,  left,  and  Congressman  David  Price 


th  philanthropist 


omy  develops,  whether 
it's  San  Francisco  or 
Raleigh  or  Pittsburgh, 
is  at  the  street  level, 
and  then  it  grows  from 
there.  This  place  never 
did  that.  Under  the 
tsars,  there  was  too 
much  control  from  St 
Petersburg.  And  under 
the  Soviet  power,  there 
was  a  strangling  con- 
trol from  Moscow." 
To  speed  an  eco- 
nomic turnaround, 
Gosnell  says  he  thinks 
the  government  needs 
to  focus  on  decentral- 


ization. "We  should  be 
encouraging  city-to- 
city  contacts,  state-to- 
state  contacts,  school- 
to-school  contacts.  We 
must  not  allow  them  to 
wait  for  Moscow;  we 
can't  have  another 
power  center." 

Gosnell,  who  earned 
his  Duke  degree  in 
physical  organic  chem- 
istry, is  at  ease  in  the 
global  workplace,  hav- 
ing served  in  various 
capacities  in  France, 
China,  Korea,  and  Rus- 
sia. To  hear  him  talk 


passionately  about 
international  politics, 
you'd  never  know  he 
was  a  somewhat  timid 
child. 

"I'm  a  shy  guy,  really, 
but  I  decided  in  high 
school  that  if  I  let  my 
shyness  rule  me,  I 
wouldn't  get  anything 
done,"  he  says.  "The 
guy  who  is  most  suc- 
cessful at  a  job  is  one 
who  has  his  job  as  a 
hobby." 

— Kothy  Neuibem 


Giershon... First  child  and  daughter  to  Robert  S. 
Freedman  '88  and  Sheri  Freedman  on  Nov.  9. 
Named  Alexis  Lee. .  .Second  child  and  first  daughter 
to  Michael  Armstrong  M.D.  '89  and  Ellen  Arm- 
strong on  Sept.  25.  Named  Meredith  Haley. 


90s 


John  W.  Heinecke  '90,  a  Navy  lieutenant  j.g., 
letumed  from  a  six-month  deployment  to  the  Persian 
Gulf  and  Indian  Ocean  aboard  the  guided  missile 
frigate  USS  Thach. 

Douglas  C.  Jackson  '90,  a  Navy  lieutenant  j.g., 
returned  from  a  nine-month  deployment  to  the  Per- 
sian Gulf  aboard  the  destroyer  USS  IngersoU. 

Don  Kevin  Johnson  '90  is  working  for  a  securi- 
ties firm  in  Los  Angeles  before  returning  to  business 
school.  His  wife,  Joan  Inf  osino  Johnson  '90,  is 
a  graduate  student  at  UCLA.  They  live  in  Woodland 
Hills,  Calif. 

Steven  J.  Klein  '90  is  pursuing  his  master's  at 
Hebrew  University  and  will  be  organizing  a  Little 
League  team  in  Jerusalem  this  summer.  He  invites  his 
friends  to  contact  him  in  Jerusalem  via  E-mail 
MSSJKETC@PLUTO.CC.HUJI.AC.IL. 


rig  Th.M.  '90  is  a  minis- 
ter at  Emmanuel  United  Methodist  Church  in  Rich- 
field, Wise,  while  pursuing  his  Ph.D.  in  systematic 
theology  at  Marquette  University. 


Jones  McGregor  '90  is  teaching 
Spanish  at  the  Field  School  in  Washington,  D.C.  She 
and  her  husband,  Alberto,  live  in  Arlington,  Va. 

David  R.  Mikesell  '90,  a  Navy  lieutenant  j.g.,  is 
aboard  the  guided  missile  cruiser  USS  Cowpens  in  the 
Persian  Gulf,  where  the  United  States  and  coalition 
aircraft  recently  attacked  Iraq. 

Anthony  Louis  Miscioscia  Jr.  '90  is  an  asso- 
ciate in  the  Philadelphia  office  of  the  law  firm  Reed, 
Smith,  Shaw,  &  McClay.  He  and  his  wife,  Erindiane, 
live  in  Cherry  Hill,  N.J. 

Gregory  H.  Carter  '91,  a  Navy  ensign,  completed  a 
six-month  deployment  to  the  Western  Pacific  and  Per- 
sian Gulf  aboard  the  dock  landing  ship  USS  Fort  Fisher. 

Mark  Weisgerber  B.S.E.  '91,  a  Navy  ensign 

undergoing  primary  flight  training  with  Helicopter 
Training  Squadron-3  at  Whitting  Field  in  Milton, 
Fla.,  recently  completed  his  first  solo  flight. 

Carol  Hammarstrom  Davies  ID.  '92  joined 
the  Raleigh  law  firm  Smith,  Anderson,  Blount, 
Dorsett,  Mitchell  6k  Jernigan,  where  she  will  concen- 
trate in  civil  litigation. 


James  L.  Hoppe  '92,  a  Navy  ensign,  has  com- 
pleted the  Basic  Surface  Warfare  Officer's  Course. 
He  lives  in  Pacific  Beach,  Calif. 

Matthew  K.  Hurd  B.S.E.  '92,  a  Marine  second 
lieutenant,  graduated  from  The  Basic  School,  where  he 
was  prepared  for  assignment  to  the  Heet  Marine  force. 

Amy  J.  Meyers  J.D.  '92  joined  the  Raleigh  law 
firm  Smith,  Anderson,  Blount,  Dorsett,  Mitchell  6k 
Jernigan,  where  she  will  concentrate  in  corporate  and 
law. 


Colin  Moran  '92  is  a  volunteer  for  the  Salesians  of 
Don  Bosco,  a  Catholic  organization  that  works 
around  the  world  with  poor  youth.  His  location  is 
Leon,  Mexico,  where  he  works  with  street  children 
from  four  to  18  years  old  to  bring  them,  through 
stages,  into  Children's  Town,  a  full-time  boarding 
school.  At  eighteen,  they  can  graduate  with  voca- 
tional skills  and  are  assisted  in  finding  a  job.  He  lives 
in  San  Ysidro,  Calif. 


MARRIAGES:  Barbara  Jones  '90  to  Alberto 
Jose  McGregor  on  July  25.  Residence:  Arlington, 
Va. ...Kathryn  B.  Kaufman  '90  to  Michael  J. 
Sicard  '91  on  June  20.  Residence:  Cambridge, 
Mass.... Anthony  Louis  Miscioscia  Jr.  '90  to 
Erindiane  DiGregorio  on  Aug.  1.  Residence:  Cherry 
Hill,  N.J. 


DEATHS 


Hugh  L.  Stone  '23  on  Sept.  10. 

Myrtle  Crowder  Crabtree  '28  of  Durham  on 
Oct.  2 1 .  She  had  retired  from  Liggett  6k  Myers 
Tobacco  Co.  She  is  survived  by  her  husband,  Her- 
man, a  stepson,  a  stepdaughter,  a  sister,  four  grand- 
children, and  a  great-grandchild. 

William  T.  Hamlin  '28  of  Durham  on  Nov.  23. 
A  World  War  II  veteran,  he  was  a  retired  sales  man- 
ager with  B.C.  Remedy  Co.  and  a  former  develop- 
ment officer  at  Duke.  He  is  survived  by  a  daughter, 

Charlotte  Hamlin  Weddle  '61;  a  son;  a 

brother;  and  four  grandchildren. 

Catherine  Mills  Kittrell  28  of  Henderson, 
N.C.  A  member  of  the  Church  of  the  Holy  Innocents, 
she  was  active  in  various  civic  and  social  clubs.  She  is 
survived  by  three  brothers. 

J.  Vause  '28  of  Durham  on  Nov.  17.  She 
retired  teacher. 


Jr. '29,  J.D. '32,  of  Greens- 
boro, N.C,  on  Oct.  25.  A  retired  attorney  for  Car- 
ruthers  and  Roth,  he  was  a  former  member  of  the 
N.C.  House  of  Representatives  and  the  N.C.  Senate. 
A  World  War  11  Army  veteran,  he  headed  many  organ- 
izations, including  the  Lions  Club,  the  Greensboro 
Bar  Association,  Industries  for  the  Blind,  and  Revolu- 
tion Masonic  Lodge  552.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Oriental  Shrine  and  received  the  Distinguished  Ser- 
vice Medal  for  North  Carolina.  He  is  survived  by  a 
daughter,  Carol  C.  Painter  72,  M.B.A.  '82,  three 
sons,  and  three  grandchildren. 


Gay  79,  M.D.  '33  of  Charlotte,  N.C, 
on  Jan  13.  A  World  War  II  veteran,  he  was  a  pedia- 
trician in  Charlotte  for  more  than  50  years  until  retir- 
ing in  1983.  He  chaired  Charlotte  Memorial  Hospi- 
tal's pediatrics  department  in  1946,  where  he  had 
started  the  hospital's  first  special  unit  for  premature 
babies.  He  is  survived  by  a  son,  a  daughter,  a  brother, 
two  sisters,  seven  grandchildren,  and  two  great- 
grandchildren. 

Vemon  R.  Cheek  '30  of  Olney,  Md.,  on  Nov.  14. 
He  had  retired  from  IBM.  He  is  survived  by  two 
daughters,  a  brother,  a  sister,  and  five  grandchildren. 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


Dallas  Lloyd  Alford  Jr.  '31  of  Rocky  Mount, 
N.C.,  on  Dec.  17.  He  had  chaired  the  board  of  Nash 
County  Commissioners,  was  a  past  president  of  the 
N.C.  Jaycees,  and  was  a  North  Carolina  state  senator 
for  20  years.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  two  daughters, 
two  sons,  and  ten  grandchildren. 

Joseph  Wesley  Mann  Jr.  '3 1  of  Lexington, 
N.C,  on  Oct.  1. 

Eugene  Warren  Needham  '31  of  Pfafftown, 
N.C,  on  May  26.  An  Army  chaplain  in  Europe  dur- 
ing World  War  II,  he  was  a  Methodist  minister  and 
retired  member  of  the  Western  North  Carolina  Con- 
ference. He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Antoinette 
'3 1 ,  a  son,  and  a  sister. 


Arthur  Odell  Barbee  '32  of  Lakeland,  Fla.,  on 
Nov.  1 5.  A  member  of  the  basketball  and  boxing 
teams  while  at  Duke,  he  had  retired  as  a  certified  life 
underwriter  from  Metropolitan  Life  Insurance  Co.  He 
is  survived  by  his  wife,  Annie,  a  son,  a  daughter,  six 
grandchildren,  and  a  great-grandchild. 

Allen  R.  Lewis  '32  of  Palo  Alto,  Calif.,  on 
Nov.  2  after  a  series  of  strokes.  He  is  survived  by  his 
wife,  Mary. 

Harlow  Williamson  Harvey  Jr.  '33  of  Mon- 
tross,  Va.,  on  April  4. 

C.  Edward  Leach  M.D.  '33  on  Oct.  17.  He  was 
a  Paul  D.  White  Fellow  in  Cardiology  at  Massachu- 
setts General  Hospital  from  1938  to  1940  and  prac- 
ticed cardiology  in  Baltimore  for  40  years.  He  was 
acting  chief  of  cardiology  at  University  of  Maryland 
Hospital  from  1942  to  1946  and  chief  of  cardiology  at 
Bon  Secours  Hospital  from  1963  to  1977.  He  is  sur- 
vived by  his  wife,  Dorothy,  a  daughter,  a  son,  and  six 
grandchildren. 

Ruth  L.  Pringle  '33  of  Laconia,  N.H.,  on  Aug.  21. 
A  retired  school  teacher  of  30  years,  she  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  First  United  Methodist  Church  of  Laconia- 
Gilford.  She  was  also  a  member  of  the  League  of 
Women  Voters,  the  Republican  National  Committee, 
and  the  American  Quilters  Society.  She  is  survived  by 
her  husband,  James,  a  son,  a  daughter,  and  two  grand- 
children. 

E.  Hoover  Taft  Jr.  '34.J.D.  '36  of  Greenville, 
N.C,  on  Nov.  6.  He  was  a  partner  in  Greenville  law 
firms  for  55  years  and  a  leader  in  local  real  estate 
development.  As  chair  of  the  Louisburg  College  board 
of  trustees  for  14  years,  he  led  a  successful  effort  to 
desegregate  the  school  and  help  it  achieve  financial 
stability. 

John  Kern  Ormond  '35  of  Elizabeth  City,  N.C, 
on  Nov.  2 1 .  He  was  an  Army  veteran  and  retired  after 
24  years  with  the  Army  Reserve.  He  is  survived  by  his 
wife,  Helen,  two  sons,  including  John  K. 
Ormond  Jr.  '62,  four  sisters,  and  six  grandchildren. 

William  Thompson  Jr.  35  on  Oct.  24. 

John  P.  "Jake"  Waggoner  35,  B.D.  38  of 
Durham,  on  Jan.  7.  He  was  a  World  War  II  veteran. 
He  founded  and  was  the  first  president  of  the  Durham 
Savoyards,  a  theatrical  group  that  produces  an  annual 
Gilbert  and  Sullivan  operetta.  He  was  associate  head 
librarian  with  the  Duke  library  system  until  his  retire- 
ment in  1978.  He  was  also  director  of  music  at  Tem- 
ple Baptist  Church  until  1964.  He  is  survived  by  his 
wife,  Byrne;  a  son,  John  P.  Waggoner  III  '65;  a 
daughter,  Kathryn  Waggoner  Wallis  '71;  two 
sisters;  and  three  grandchildren. 

Eleanor  Elizabeth  Henson  M.Ed.  '36  of 
Williamsburg,  Va.,  on  Sept.  12.  A  retired  public 
school  teacher  and  administrator,  she  was  state  super- 
visor of  elementary  education  for  Virginia's  Depart- 
ment of  Education  and  was  later  adviser  to  the  min- 
istries of  education  in  Colombia,  Panama,  and  Nepal 
under  the  U.S.  foreign  aid  program. 


Gretchen  D.  Little  '36  of  Kennett  Square,  Pa., 

on  Nov.  19. 

John  Redden  Timmons  '37,  M.D.  '39  of 
Columbia,  S.C,  on  Dec.  14-  A  captain  in  the  Atmy 
Medical  Corps,  he  practiced  general  surgery  in 
Columbia  for  40  years  and  was  chief  of  staff  at  Colum- 
bia Hospital  and  Providence  Hospital.  He  was  vice 
president  of  the  Columbia  Medical  Society  and 
taught  as  a  clinical  associate  professor  of  surgery  at  the 
University  of  South  Carolina's  medical  school.  He  is 
survived  by  a  son,  a  daughter,  a  brother,  James 
McKnight  Timmons  M.D.  '41,  and  four  grand- 
children. 

Robert  D.  Baskervill  '39  of  New  Bern,  N.C,  on 
Oct.  1 7  of  a  heart  attack.  A  member  of  the  1 939  Duke 
Rose  Bowl  football  team  and  a  World  War  II  Navy 
veteran,  he  had  retired  from  civil  service.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Scottish  Heritage  Society  of  Eastern 
North  Carolina  and  St.  John's  Masonic  Lodge  No.  3. 
He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Jane,  a  son,  a  daughter,  and 


'40ofRichmond,Va.,onJan.  29, 
1992,  of  leukemia.  A  member  of  of  the  1939  Duke 
Rose  Bowl  team  and  a  World  War  11  veteran,  he  had 
retired  from  Renfield  Importers.  He  is  survived  by  a 
daughter,  a  son,  and  three  grandchildren. 


F.  Connelly  '41  of  Durham  on  Dec.  24. 
A  varsity  basketball  player  while  at  Duke,  he  served  as 
an  assistant  basketball  coach  to  Harold  Bradley  for 
two  years.  He  later  became  known  for  organizing  and 
conducting  trips  for  fans  to  Duke  athletic  events  and 
for  broadcasting  basketball  and  football  games.  He 
was  co-owner  of  Connelly  Jewelers  and  retired  in 
1980.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Kitty  Kinton 
Connelly  '42;  a  son,  Thomas  F.  Connelly  Jr. 

M.H.A.  '67;  a  sister;  and  three  grandchildren. 


Conrad  '41  of  St.  Petersburg, 
Fla.,  on  Feb.  19,  1992,  of  cancer.  She  is  survived  by  a 
brother,  James  R.  Buckle  '44;  a  sister-in-law, 
Beth  Holcombe  Buckle  '44;  and  a  nephew, 
Eugene  H.  Buckle  71. 

Clyde  T.  Hardy  H.A.  Cert  '41  of  Hilton  Head, 
S.C,  on  July  17,  1991.  A  nationally  recognized 
authority  on  medical-practice  management,  he  was 
an  administrator  at  Wake  Forest's  Bowman  Gray 
School  of  Medicine  for  40  years,  including  20  as  asso- 
ciate dean  of  patient  services.  He  was  also  past  presi- 
dent of  the  American  College  of  Medical  Group 
Administrators  and  the  Medical  Group  Management 
As: 


Martha  Frances  Hill  '41  of  Hanover,  Ind.,  on 
Nov.  5.  She  retired  from  Ball  State  University  in 
1979  as  professor  of  management  science  in  the  Col- 
lege of  Business.  She  was  a  member  of  numerous  civic 
organizations,  including  the  American  Association  of 
University  Women.  She  is  survived  by  a  sister. 

Ralph  A.  Sheals  '41  of  Surfside  Beach,  S.C,  on 
Nov.  18. 

William  Earl  Wade  '41  of  Pine  Knoll  Shores, 

N.C,  on  Sept.  10.  He  was  a  World  War  II  veteran 
who  served  in  the  South  Pacific,  Atlantic,  and  Euro- 
pean theaters.  He  worked  as  an  industry  specialist  and 
statistician  in  the  U.S.  Department  of  Commerce 
before  retiring  in  1975  as  assistant  director  of  interna- 
tional marketing,  the  office  responsible  tor  the  over- 
seas export  promotion  programs  in  Commerce.  He  is 
survived  by  his  wife,  Elizabeth,  two  daughters,  three 
sons,  three  brothers,  seven  grandchildren,  and  one 
great-grandchild. 

William  R.  Dunn  B.S.C.E.  '42of  Briarcliff  Manor, 
N.Y.,  on  Oct.  13.  A  retired  professor  from  Westches- 
ter Community  College  and  a  World  War  II  Navy 
veteran,  he  was  active  in  the  Shattemuc  Yacht  Club 
in  Ossining,  N.Y.,  the  Masonic  Lodge  of  Briarcliff 
Manor,  and  the  Point  Senasqua  Rod  and  Reel  Club  of 


Ossining.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Jean  Sturte- 
vant  Dunn  '43;  a  daughter,  Martha  J.  Dunn 
'77;  a  son,  Thomas  S.  Dunn  '79;  and  a  brother. 

F.  Joseph  Leone  '42  of  Albany,  N.Y.,  on  Oct. 
15  after  a  long  illness.  He  was  awarded  the  Bronze 
Star  for  service  in  World  War  II.  He  was  assistant  city 
corporation  counsel  in  the  1950s  and  was  named  head 
of  the  Urban  Renewal  Agency  in  1961.  His  later  posts 
included  a  stint  as  ptesident  of  the  New  York  State 
Association  of  Renewal  and  Housing  Officials.  Well 
known  as  a  champion  of  Italian-American  causes,  he 
was  awarded  the  Bene  Emeritus  Award  from  the  New 
York  State  Sons  of  Italy  in  1990.  He  is  survived  by  his 
wife,  Joan,  a  son,  a  daughter,  and  two  granddaughters. 

E.  Jean  Williams  Moss  '42  of  Falls  Church,  Va. 
She  is  survived  by  her  husband,  John  E.  Moss  '36. 

Clark  W.  Benson  M.Div  '43  of  Charlotte,  N.C, 
on  Oct.  2.  He  was  a  member  of  the  United  Methodist 
Western  North  Carolina  Conference  for  41  years  and 
he  taught  woodcarving  at  Forsyth  Community  Col- 
lege and  Winston-Salem  Enrichment  Center  during 
his  retirement.  He  is  survived  by  a  son,  Clark  W. 
"Corky"  Benson  II  B.S.E.E.  '67;  a  daughter, 
Susan  Benson  Westfall  '79;  and  two  grand- 
children. 

Gilbert  W.  Tew  B.S.M.E.  '43  of  Richmond,  Va., 

on  July  9.  He  retired  from  Philip  Morris  in  1986  as 
chief  design  engineer.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Dorothy,  a  son,  a  daughter,  a  brother,  and  four  grand- 
children, including  Robyn  Rice  Fader  '94. 

Richmond  H.  Dugger  Jr.  '44  of  Brodnax,  Va., 
on  May  27.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Dora. 

Horace  L.  Johnson  B.S.C.E.  '44  of  Overland 
Park,  Kan.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Kitty. 

Arthur  C.  Kennedy  Jr.  B.D.  '44  on  Sept.  3  in 
an  automobile  accident.  A  missionary  in  China  in 
1945  and  1946,  he  was  a  retired  member  of  the  West- 
ern North  Carolina  Conference,  serving  United 
Methodist  appointments  throughout  North  Carolina. 
He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Eula,  two  sons,  and  a 
daughter. 

William  Mellon  Eaton  45  of  New  York,  NY, 
on  Oct.  2  of  a  heart  attack.  A  World  War  II  veteran, 
he  was  co-founder  of  the  New  York  law  firm  Eaton  & 
Van  Winkle.  Among  the  clients  he  represented  were 
Doris  Duke,  the  tobacco  heiress,  and  Angier  Biddle 
Duke,  the  diplomat.  A  former  chair  of  the  American 
Bar  Association's  committee  on  investment  securi- 
ties, he  was  also  assistant  secretary  of  the  United 
States  Japan  Foundation  and  secretary  of  the  Moroc- 
can-American Foundation.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Elizabeth,  four  children,  including  Alexander  M. 
Eaton  '82,  M.D.  '87  and  Lisa  H.  Eaton  '88,  and 
one  granddaughter. 

Grady  Lee  Ballard  A.M.  '46  of  Annapolis,  Md., 
on  Oct.  10.  He  was  the  chief  negotiator  tor  the  Anne 
Arundel  County  Public  School  System  and  a  membet 
of  many  educational  organizations,  the  Annapolis 
Masonic  Lodge,  and  the  Sojourners,  and  an  elder  in 
the  First  Presbyterian  Church.  He  is  survived  by  his 
wife,  Virginia,  a  son,  two  grandchildren,  and  a  sister. 

Meredith  Roy  Goss  '47  of  Bartlesville,  Okla., 
on  Oct.  21.  He  had  retired  from  Phillips  Petroleum 
Co.  He  also  taught  a  year  of  public  school  and  exten- 
sion classes  at  Oklahoma  State  University.  He  is  sur- 
vived by  his  wife,  Wanna  Jean,  three  daughters,  and 
six  grandchildren. 

Mary  M.  Mackie  A.M.  '47  of  Rockledge,  Fla.,  on 
Sept.  2  of  a  heart  attack.  Before  attending  Duke,  she 
taught  and  worked  for  a  N.C.  newspaper  and  later 
received  a  direct  commission  into  the  Air  Force. 


Harry  F.  Griese  Jr.  B.S.M.E.  '48  of  Prospect, 
Ky.,  on  Oct.  19.  He  was  president  of  Industrial  Air 
System  Equipment,  Inc.  at  the  time  of  his  death.  He  i 


March-April    1993 


survived  by  his  wife,  Muriel  Kirtley  Griese  '48, 
two  sons,  and  two  grandchildren. 

Neal  Warren  McGuire  Jr.  B.S.M.E.  '48  of 
Huntersville,  N.C.,  on  Aug.  6  of  cancer.  A  World 
War  II  veteran  who  served  in  the  Pacific,  he  retired 
from  the  Singer  Co.  in  1980  and  became  sales  repre- 
sentative for  Andy  Knight  Associates  for  the  next  ten 
years.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Suzanne,  a  son,  three 
daughters,  a  sister,  and  six  grandchildren. 

Donald  G.  Hess  '49  of  Montgomery,  Ala.,  on  Dec. 
4  of  a  heart  attack.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  I 
Mann  Hess  '43,  a  son,  and  a  granddaughter. 


Danville,  Va., 


G.  Prior  '49  of  Vienna,  Va.,  on  Oct.  20 
of  lung  cancer. 

Melford  Alton  Smyre  '50  of  Durham  on  Dec. 
1 1 .  He  retired  from  the  Army  as  a  captain.  He  is  sur- 
vived by  two  sons,  two  daughters,  a  sister,  and  seven 
grandchildren. 

Muggins '51,  LL.B. '57  of 
i  July  25  after  a  fall. 

John  Dale  Showell  III  '52  of  Ocean  City,  Md., 
on  Oct.  2.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Ann  Lock- 
hart  '46,  four  children,  and  four  grandchildren. 

Luby  G.  Daugherty  M.Div.  '53  of  Raleigh  on 
Sept.  21.  A  Baptist  minister,  he  was  a  graduate  of 
Campbell  and  Wake  Forest  universities.  He  is  sur- 
vived by  a  sister  and  brother-in-law,  an  uncle,  and 
several  nieces  and  nephews. 

John  Franklin  Mathes  Jr.  '53  of  Durham  on 
Jan.  3.  A  World  War  II  veteran,  he  was  member  of 
Phi  Beta  Kappa  while  at  Duke.  He  was  a  labor  mar- 
keting analyst  for  nine  years  with  the  Employment 
Security  Commission  and  for  many  years  owner  of  the 
National  5-  &  10-Cent  Store.  He  is  survived  by  his 
wife,  Doris,  a  daughter,  and  two  grandchildren. 


Jr.  M.D.  '53  of  Chapel  Hill 
on  Nov.  27.  He  was  a  physiology  professor  at  UNC- 
Chapel  Hill  who  at  various  times  served  as  assistant 
dean  of  the  School  of  Medicine  and  as  acting  chair  of 
his  department.  He  received  the  School  of  Medicine's 
Distinguished  Service  Award  in  1982.  Twice  awarded 
grants  by  the  National  Science  Foundation,  he  was 
also  a  consultant  to  the  Surgeon  General  in  the  U.S. 
Army  from  1955  to  1970.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Adeline,  a  son,  a  brother,  and  a  sister. 

Jesse  Lee  Williams  Jr.  M.D.  '53  of  Tappahan- 
nock,  Va.,  on  Nov.  1 1.  A  Eucharistic  minister  and 
vestryman,  he  was  on  the  staff  at  St.  Mary's  Hospital, 
the  Urosurgical  Center  of  Richmond,  and  the  River- 
side Tappahannock  Hospital,  where  he  was  secretary- 
treasurer  of  the  medical  staff.  He  is  survived  by  his 
wife,  Kathatine,  a  daughter,  two  sons,  and  two  sisters. 

Alvin  M.  Young  '53  of  Ewing,  N.J.,  on  Sept.  19.  A 
one-time  employee  of  Douglas  Aircraft  Corp.  and  the 
N.J.  Department  of  Institutions  and  Agencies,  he  re- 
tired from  the  N.J.  Department  of  Human  Services  as 
a  director  of  planning.  A  recognized  leader  and  inno- 
vator in  the  field  of  employee  training  and  human 
resources  development,  he  was  a  past  chair  of  the  N.J. 
State  Employee  and  Development  and  1  raining 
Council.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Myma,  a  daugh- 
ter, and  a  brother. 

Patricia  Harlan  Conklin  B.S.N.  '56  of  Durham 
on  Dec.  6.  After  earning  her  master's  degree  in  public 
health  nursing  from  UNC-Chapel  Hill,  she  taught  in 
the  nursing  schools  at  Duke  and  N.C.  Central  Uni- 
versity. She  is  survived  by  her  mother  and  a  brother. 

P.B.  Konrad  Knake  '56  of  New  York,  N.Y.,  on 
Aug.  7,  of  a  heart  attack.  A  senior  litigation  partner  at 
the  law  firm  White  &  Case,  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Committee  on  Character  and  Fitness  of  the  Supreme 
Court,  Appellate  Division,  First  Department.  He  was 
also  active  in  the  N.Y.  Citizens  Union  and  the  New 


York  City,  the  American,  and  the  N.Y.  State  bar 
associations.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Elizabeth,  a 
son,  a  daughter,  and  a  sister. 


L.  Wilt  M.F.  '58  of  Eugene,  Ore.,  on  June 
29  of  leukemia.  He  was  a  retired  planner  and  silvacul- 
turist  with  the  United  States  Department  of  Agricul- 
ture Forest  Service.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Phyliss, 
and  a  son. 

Elizabeth  Louise  Potter  Davis  P.T.  '59  of 
Springfield,  Va.,  on  Sept.  1.  She  is  survived  by  her 
husband,  William,  a  son,  a  daughtet,  and  three  brothers. 


Charles  Finlay  Ph.D.  '59  of  New  York 
City  on  Dec.  5.  A  Jesuit  priest  who  chaired  Fordham 
University's  political  science  department  and  was 
later  named  dean  of  Fordham's  Graduate  School  of 
Arts  and  Sciences,  he  was  president  of  Fordham  from 
1972  to  1984.  He  then  became  dean  at  LeMoyne 
College  in  Syracuse.  He  is  survived  by  a  brother. 


Cocke  Jr.  M.Div.  '60  of  Alexan- 
dria, Va.,  on  Sept.  24.  A  senior  minister  of  Fairlington 
United  Methodist  Church,  he  was  also  a  former 
member  of  the  boatd  of  directors  of  the  Greater 
Washington  Council  of  Churches,  and  a  member  of 
Ventures  in  Community.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Lucy,  two  daughters,  two  sons,  his  mother,  his 
brother,  and  four  grandchildren. 

George  Marshall  Lyon  M.D.  '61  of  Ann  Arbor, 

Mich.,  on  Nov.  11.  An  assistant  professor  of  pedi- 
atrics at  Duke  for  six  years,  he  was  appointed  head  of 
the  oncology/metabolism  section  with  the  medical 
division  of  Burroughs  Wellcome  in  1973  and  was  later 
named  the  company's  director  of  regulatory  affairs. 
There  he  made  distinguished  contributions  in  the 
area  of  antiviral  chemotherapy.  He  was  most  recently 
employed  by  the  Parke-Davis  pharmaceutical  division 
of  Warner-Lambert  Co.  as  senior  vice  president  for 
clinical  research.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Judith, 
two  daughters,  three  sons,  and  three  sisters. 

Constance  "Connie"  Carlberg  Gibbons 

'62  of  Gastonia,  N.C,  on  Dec.  1. 

Helen  Kesler  Beckham  '63  of  Rock  Hill,  S.C., 

on  Oct.  16.  She  was  a  language  instructor  at  Winthrop 
Universiry  and  at  the  University  of  South  Carolina. 
She  is  survived  by  her  mother  and  a  sister. 


Byrnes  '64  on  Nov.  24, 1991. 

Henry  H.  Crockett  M.A.T.  '65  on  March  13, 
1992,  of  heart  failure. 

Charles  S.  Mill  Jr.  J.D.  '69  of  Aiken,  S.C.  on 
Sept.  1. 

Linda  Gregory  Stevens  '69  of  Raleigh  on  Feb. 

1 .  She  was  a  professor  of  computer  science  at  Peace 
College  in  Raleigh.  She  is  survived  by  her  husband, 
Joseph,  a  son,  her  parents,  a  sister,  and  a  brother. 

David  F.  Campbell  '72  of  Centreville,  Va.,  on 
Sept.  30.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Evonne,  a  son, 
and  a  brother. 

Fred  Raymond  Butner  '73,  J.D.  '76  of  Key 

West,  Fla.,  on  Oct.  7,  from  injuries  sustained  during  a 
fall.  A  former  assistant  state  attorney  and  a  1988  dele- 
gate to  the  Democratic  National  Convention,  he  had 
a  solo  general  practice  for  the  last  ten  years  with 
emphasis  on  personal  injury  and  trial  work.  He  was 
also  an  instructor  of  law  at  Horida  Keys  Community 
College  and  had  a  weekly  radio  program,  The  Law  and 
You.  He  is  survived  by  his  parents,  and  two  brothers, 
including  Blain  B.  Butner  J.D.  '80. 

Mat  Blevins  Jr.  '75  of  Washington,  D.C., 
on  Oct.  19.  A  leading  AIDS  activist  and  policy 
analyst  for  the  National  Commission  on  AIDS, 
he  established  a  family  care  house  for  AIDS 
patients  in  Durham  in  the  late  1980s,  the  first  such 
house  between  Washington  and  Atlanta.  He  is 


survived  by  his  mother,  father,  and  three  sisters. 


Konecki  '75  of  Washington, 
D.C.,  on  Sept.  12  in  a  plane  crash.  She  is  survived  by 
her  mother,  two  aunts,  one  uncle,  and  several  cousins. 


77  of  Greenfield, 
Ohio,  on  Aug.  18.  A  lawyer  and  member  of  the  High- 
land County  Bar  Association,  she  served  on  the  reha- 
bilitation board  of  Greenfield  Area  Medical  Center 
and  was  active  in  the  Girl  Scouts.  She  is  survived  by 
her  husband,  Peter  D.  Quance  '77,  two  daugh- 
ters, her  mother,  a  sister,  and  four  brothers. 

Debra  N.  Acker  B.S.E.E.  '80,  M.S.  '82,  Ph.D.  '85 
on  Nov.  26.  She  was  a  research  biomedical  engineer 
for  Lord  Corp.  in  Cary,  N.C.  She  is  survived  by  her 
parents  and  a  brother. 

Teri  Elizabeth  Edwards  M.B.A.  '84  of  Dallas, 
Texas,  on  July  24.  She  was  an  employee  in  the  inter- 
national marketing  department  of  Baylor  Medical 
Center. 


I  L.  Peduzzi  '89  of  Durham  on  June  18.  He 
is  survived  by  his  parents  and  a  brother. 

Philosophy  Professor  Roberts 

George  W.  Roberts,  a  retired  associate  professor  of 
philosophy,  died  November  25  in  Durham.  He  was  55. 

Upon  receiving  his  Ph.D.  Cantab  from  Trinity 
College,  Cambridge,  in  1971,  he  joined  the  Duke 
faculty  as  an  associate  professor  of  philosophy.  He 
published  on  numerous  philosophical  subjects  and 
was  editor  of  the  Bertrand  Russell  Memorial  Volume 
before  retiring  in  1985.  He  was  also  a  mathematician, 
West  Virginia  oilman,  and  businessman,  who  was 
involved  in  the  industrial  and  economic  development 
of  Wirt  County,  West  Virginia,  and  his  family's  busi- 
nesses. 

He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Edith,  a  son,  his  mother, 
and  a  brother. 

Divinity  Professor  Petry 

Raymond  C.  Petry,  former  James  B.  Duke  Professor 
in  the  Divinity  School,  died  December  23  in  Dayton, 
Ohio.  He  was  89. 

A  church  historian  and  authority  on  medieval 
mysticism,  he  joined  the  Divinity  School  faculty  in 
1937  and  was  named  James  B.  Duke  Professor  in 
1964.  His  book  Francis  of  Assisi:  Apostle  of  Poverty, 
published  in  1941,  won  national  acclaim  and  was  used 
as  a  standard  text  by  numerous  Roman  Catholic  semi- 
naries. Another  book,  History  of  Christianity,  was  used 
extensively  in  college  religion  and  introductory  semi- 
nary courses. 

He  is  survived  by  two  nieces  and  a  sister-in-law. 

Engineering  Professor  Pilkington 

Theo  C.  Pilkington  M.S.  '60,  Ph.D.  '63,  who 
founded  Duke's  department  of  biomedical  engineer- 
ing and  applied  technology  to  study  cardiovascular 
problems,  died  January  6  following  a  heart  attack  on 
campus.  He  was  57. 

Born  in  Durham,  Pilkington  earned  his  bachelor's 
at  N.C.  State.  Following  postdoctoral  study  at  M.I.T., 
he  joined  the  Duke  faculty  in  1963  and  became 
founding  chair  of  the  School  of  Engineering's  depart- 
ment of  biomedical  engineering  in  1971.  In  1987,  his 
proposal  for  establishing  a  center  at  Duke  that  would 
focus  engineering  principles  on  heart  problems  was 
realized  when  he  was  named  director  of  the  National 
Science  Foundation-funded  Duke-North  Carolina 
Engineering  Research  Center  for  Emerging  Cardio- 
vascular Technologies. 

A  founding  fellow  of  the  American  Institute  for 
Medical  and  Biomedical  Engineering,  he  received  the 
American  Society  for  Engineering's  Education  Bio- 
medical Engineering  Educator  of  the  Year  Award  in 
1984  and  won  the  Institute  of  Electrical  and  Electronic 
Engineer's  Centennial  Medal  that  same  year.  He  was 
also  a  breeder  of  beagles  and  a  three-time  winner  of  the 
National  Beagle  Club's  Five  Couple  Competition. 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Louise,  two  daughters,  a 
son,  two  sisters,  and  two  grandchildren. 

Dermatology  Professor  Callaway 

Jasper  Lamar  Callaway  M.D.  '33,  B.S.M.  '35,  James 
B.  Duke  Professor  of  Dermatology  and  chief  of  derma- 
tology at  Duke  Medical  Center  from  1937  to  1975, 
died  January  19  at  his  home  in  Durham.  He  was  81. 

Born  in  Cooper,  Alabama,  Callaway  earned  his 


bachelor's  at  the  University  of  Alabama  before  com- 
pleting his  studies  at  Duke.  During  World  War  II,  he 
was  a  consultant  to  the  U.S.  Public  Health  Service, 
the  Veterans  Administration,  the  Surgeon  General, 
the  U.S.  Air  Force,  and  the  Secretary  of  War. 

Regarded  as  one  of  the  most  prominent  dermatolo- 
gists in  the  nation,  he  was  president  of  the  American 
Dermatological  Association  in  1958-59  and  president 
of  the  American  Academy  of  Dermatology  in  1970- 


71.  In  1972  he  was  awarded  the  Gold  Medal  as  a  Mas- 
ter Dermatologist,  the  most  prestigious  award  in  the 
field  of  dermatology.  He  was  recently  named  professor 
emeritus  of  the  dermatology  division  of  Duke  Medical 
Center. 

He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Catharine,  a  son,  two 
daughters,  and  a  grandchild. 


RESORTS/TRAVEL 


ARROWHEAD  INN,  Durham's  country  bed  and 
breakfast.  Restored  1775  plantation  on  four  rural 
acres,  20  minutes  to  Duke.  Written  up  in  USA  Today, 
Food  &  Wine,  Mid-Atlantic.  106  Mason  Rd.,  27712. 
(919)  477-8430;  outside  919  area,  (800)  528-2207. 

ST.  JOHN:  Two  bedrooms,  two  baths,  full  kitchen, 
cable  TV,  pool.  Covered  deck  with  spectacular  view 
of  Caribbean.  Quiet  elegance.  Off-season  rates. 
(508)  668-2078. 

FLORIDA  KEYS,  BIG  PINE  KEY:  Fantastic  open 
water  view,  Key  Deer  Refuge,  National  Bird  Sanctu- 
ary, stilt  house,  3/2,  screened  porches,  fully  furnished, 
stained-glass  windows,  swimming,  diving,  fishing, 
boat  basin.  Non-smokers.  (305)  665-3832. 


THE  OLD  NORTH  DURHAM  INN, 
bed  and  breakfast  less  than  a  mile  from  Duke,  offer- 
ing turn-of-the-century  charm,  comfortable  lodging, 
and  hearty  breakfasts.  922  N.  Mangum  St.,  27701. 
(919)683-1885. 

HILLSBOROUGH  HOUSE  INN  bed/breakfast, 
15  minutes  from  Duke.  Gracious  Italianate  mansion. 
Seven  acres.  Historic  district.  209  E.  Tryon  St., 
Hillsborough,  NC  27278.  (919)  644-1600.  Katherine 
Webb,  innkeeper. 

ST.  JOHN,  USVI:  GALLOWS  POINT.  One-bedroom 
oceanfront  condo,  sleeps  four.  Twenty  yards  from 
ocean,  short  walk  to  Cruz  Bay.  TV,  CD,  tape  player, 
microwave.  Owner  direct  (301 )  948-8547.  Ask 
for  Dick. 

BALD  HEAD  ISLAND,  NC.  Unspoiled  island  acces- 
sible by  ferry  from  Southport.  No  cars.  Transportation 


by  golf  cart,  fourteen  miles  of  beach,  golf,  tennis, 
nature  program,  great  fishing.  Beautifully  furnished 
three-bedroom,  two-bath  condo.  Weekly/  weekend/ 
off-season  rates.  Rent  at  discount  directly  from  owners. 
(919)  929-0065. 

KEY  WEST:  One,  two,  or  three  bedroom  home  with 
Jacuzzi.  Lush,  private  compound  in  historic  Old 
Town.  (305)  296-7012. 

BLUE  RIDGE  MOUNTAINS,  Woolwine,  Va.  The 
MOUNTAIN  ROSE  is  a  fully  restored,  Victorian  bed 
and  breakfast  retreat,  seven  miles  from  the  Blue  Ridge 
Parkway.  Two  hours  from  Durham.  (703)  930-1057. 


FOR  RENT 

KITTY  HAWK,  NC.  Four-bedroom,  two-bath  home 
one  block  from  private  beach.  Two  queen,  four  twin, 
crib,  AC,  cable  TV,  VCR,  dishwasher,  kitchen  fully 
equipped.  Great  family  vacation  spot.  Off-season  rates 
for  spring.  OLREA  (703)  459-4663. 


LONDON  FLATS,  near  Chelsea  Bridge/Ba 
Park.  Elegantly  furnished,  centrally  located,  maid 
service.  Flat  18  accommodates  five,  with  three  bed- 
rooms, bath/shower,  fully  equipped  kitchen, 
$850/week.  Flat  16  accommodates  three,  with  two 
bedrooms,  bath/shower,  lovely  lounge  and  dining 
room,  fully  equipped  kitchen,  $650/week.  Can 
arrange  theatre  tickets.  Contact  evenings  for 
brochure:  Thomas  Moore,  (801)  393-9120,  fax  (801) 
393-3024;  or  P.O.  Box  12086,  Odgen,  UT  84412. 

ST.  JOHN,  USVI:  AGAVE,  three-bedroom,  two-' 
bath,  fully  equipped  private  home,  two  miles  from 
Cruz  Bay.  Spectacular  view.  From  $1,100  during 
season.  (809)  776-6518. 

BOOTHBAY  HARBOR,  MAINE.  "MINAHI," 
private  oceanfront  summer  cottage.  Magnificent 
view,  four  bedrooms  (sleeps  eight),  fully  furnished, 
deep-water  dock.  (202)  337-4584. 

FIGURE  EIGHT  ISLAND,  WILMINGTON,  NC. 
Unspoiled  beaches,  four-bedroom,  three-bath  sound- 
front  home  with  ocean  views,  screened  porches.  $1,500/ 
week  in  season.  Dr.  Bachman,  (919)  686-4099. 


FOR  SALE 


P1NEHURST— Country  Club  of  North  Carolina: 

1)  HOME,  3,470  square  feet,  heated,  on  1.2  acre 
wooded  lot,  $295,000. 

2)  LOT,  gorgeous  golf  course  lot  on  Cardinal  1 3,  wide- 
open  view,  $125,000.  Buyer  should  be  a  member  prior 
to  closing.  Call  owner,  (919)692-8187. 

DURHAM:  A  PICTORIAL  HISTORY.  Limited  2nd 

printing!  350+  photos  on  208  pages.  $24.95  +  tax. 
(919)  489-6603.  Joel  Kostyu,  301  Monticello  Ave., 
Durham,  NC  27707. 


QUALITY  U.S.  &  FOREIGN  FLAGS 
Special  Flags  &  Banners  made  to  order 
Aluminum  6k  Fiberglas  Flagpoles 
Marian  Zaren,  147  N.  Main  St. 
Yardley,  PA  19067  (215)  493-2134 

BEACHFRONT  CONDO:  Four  bedrooms,  two-and- 
a-half  baths,  Crystal  Coast;  Century  2 1 ,  Coastal  Prop- 
erties, Linda  Kenan.  (800)  637-1 162. 

DISCOVER  SOUTH  BRUNSWICK  ISLANDS. 
Beach  lot  at  West  Holden  Beach.  (919)  383-5088. 

BOOTHBAY  HARBOR,  MAINE.  One  acre,  wooded 
lot  with  new,  year-round,  three-bedroom,  two-and-a- 
half  bath,  lovely  home,  including  deep-water  access. 
(202)  337-4584  (owner). 


For  an  upcoming  article  in  Duke  Magazine,  we  are- 
soliciting  life  stories  from  alumni,  faculty,  and  current 
students  who  have  been  diagnosed  with  HIV  and/or 
AIDS,  as  well  as  their  friends,  family  members,  partners, 
and  survivors.  In  addition,  Duke's  health  education 
staff  is  interested  in  recruiting  HIV-positive  speakers 
to  address  student  groups.  Please  send  a  short  letter 
describing  your  perspective,  and  where  you  can  be 
reached  for  an  interview,  to:  Features  Editor,  Duke 
Magazine,  614  Chapel  Drive,  P.O.  Box  90570, 
Durham,  N.C.  27708-0570. 


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DEADLINES:  November  1  (January-February  issue), 
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March-April    i  993 


THROWING 
HIS  HOBBY 
INTO  HIS  ART 


William  Stone  '66  found  himself 
at  a  crossroads  in  1975.  As  a 
budding  professional  singer  with 
several  unsuccessful  tries  at  the  Metropoli- 
tan Opera's  national  auditions  under  his 
belt,  Stone  knew  that  his  chances  of  mak- 
ing it  as  an  opera  singer  depended  on  per- 
sistence and  a  little  luck.  But  at  the  same 
time,  he  found  himself  drawn  away  from 
music  and  toward  another  craft. 

A  friend  and  teaching  colleague  at 
Iowa's  Luther  College  suggested  he  enroll 
in  his  pottery  class,  and  Stone  was  hooked 
after  just  a  few  turns  at  the  wheel.  After 
meeting  Marguerite  Wildenhain,  a  pupil  of 
the  Bauhaus  School  of  Design  and  his 
friend's  teacher,  Stone  went  to  California 
for  further  study. 

Stone  says  he  was  uncertain  whether  to 
follow  the  path  of  music  or  pottery.  "What- 
ever profession  you  choose,  you  will  not 
know  if  it's  for  you  until  you  have  fully 
committed  yourself  to  it  for  ten  years," 
Stone  remembers  Wildenhain,  whom  he 
calls  his  mentor,  saying.  So  he  decided  to 
continue  with  music — having  devoted  years 


of  study  to  the  art.  (Stone  says  he  knew  he 
was  interested  in  singing  back  in  his  high 
school  days,  when  he  performed  in  Amahl 
and  the  Night  Visitors  and  a  Gilbert  and  Sul- 
livan show.  He  had  even  considered  be- 
coming a  doctor:  He  entered  Duke  as  a  pre- 
med  student  and  didn't  switch  to  music 
until  after  his  sophomore  year.) 

It  wasn't  long  after  Stone's  trip  to  Califor- 
nia that  he  began  a  string  of  successful  audi- 
tions that  led  him  to  performances  through- 
out Europe  and  the  United  States.  In  1979, 
he  received  his  doctorate  from  the  Universi- 
ty of  Illinois,  but  minored  in  pottery.  That, 
he  says,  "turned  all  the  musicologists  on 
their  ear  because  they  didn't  see  the  rela- 
tionships between  music  and  pottery." 

According  to  Stone,  it  wasn't  easy  for 
him  to  make  the  mental  transition  from 
considering  pottery  as  a  vocation  to  think- 
ing about  it  as  a  life-long  avocation.  But 
it's  not  as  though  pottery  is  just  his  hobby; 
Stone  says  that  pottery  has  helped  him 
with  his  professional  career,  because  of  the 
similar  nature  of  the  discipline  required  to 
learn  the  two  arts. 

Understanding  the  very  structured  Bau- 


Shaping performances:  Stone 
on  stage  in  NYCO's  produc- 
tion of  Lucia  Di  Lammer- 
moor,  below,  and  ready  for 
the  wheel,  at  right 


haus  method  wasn't  too  difficult  for  him 
because  of  his  previous  vocal  training,  which 
also  required  a  strong  sense  of  discipline. 
"It  came  very  easily  to  me,"  Stone  says, 
"because  I  had  already  been  through  the 
discipline  of  singing,  and  I  knew  that  in 
order  to  learn  you  had  to  do  certain  exercis- 
es and  not  question  the  discipline."  Music 
and  pottery,  he  says,  are  the  perfect  com- 
plement to  each  other.  "I  try  to  sing  very 
much  like  I  make  pottery,  using  a  proper 
shape  and  a  proper  balance.  The  rhythm 
with  which  you  throw  the  clay  at  the 
wheel  is  related  to  the  growth  and  shape  of 
the  pot,  and  it's  the  same  thing  with  a 
piece  of  music." 

The  level  of  concentration  needed  for 
each  turned  out  to  be  a  real  eye-opener  for 
Stone.  He  recalls  rehearsing  for  a  world- 
premiere  performance  of  Krzysztof  Pen- 
derecki's  Paradise  Lost  with  the  Lyric 
Opera  of  Chicago  (a  role  he  repeated  in 
front  of  the  Pope  at  the  Vatican).  Pen- 
derecki  was  still  working  on  the  score, 
Stone  recalls,  so  he  received  only  a  few 
sheets  of  music  each  day.  This  went  on  for 
several  weeks,  demanding  every  ounce  of 
Stone's  concentration.  Then  one 
day,  he  was  walking  down  State 
Street  when  he  spotted  an  oak 
leaf  in  the  gutter. 

"That  leaf  jolted  me  to  a  new 
level  of  consciousness.  I  realized 
that   I  wasn't  seeing   anything 
before.  When  we  concentrate  so 
much  on  the  music,  we  lose  our- 
selves in  it.  It's  the  same  thing 
in  pottery.  You  concentrate  so 
"^^  V        hard   that   y°u   have   to   bring 
_  ">s^     yourself  back.  I'll  never  forget 
~pr     that  oak  leaf;  it  marked  a  real 
4^1      transition  for  me." 

Stone  says  his  professional 
career — which  reached  new  heights  last  fall 
when  he  performed  with  the  New  York 
City  Opera  to  great  acclaim  in  the  demand- 
ing title  role  of  Ferruccio  Busoni's  Doctor 
Faust — has  greatly  benefited  from  his  train- 
ing in  pottery.  "The  discipline  I  learned  in 
pottery  I've  used  in  my  singing;  all  of  the 
arts  are  interconnected.  If  you  were  to  take 
dance  lessons,  they'd  help  you  with  opera," 
says  Stone.  "Studying  pottery  has  been  very 
rewarding  for  me.  I'm  able  to  see  visual  rela- 
tionships that  I  probably  would  not  even 
have  been  aware  of  otherwise." 

— Jonathan  Douglas 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


Please  limit  letters  to  no  more  than  300  words. 
Duke  Magazine  reserves  the  right  to  edit  letters 
for  length  and  clarity. 


MORE  "LIFE" 
NOTES 


Editors: 

I  am  submitting  a  class  note  and  a  plea. 

Can  we  encourage  alumni  to  send  notes 
about  other  important  things  in  their  lives 
besides  their  current  job  title?  Very  few  do, 
which  makes  me  wonder  if  it's  magazine 
policy  to  focus  on  promotions  and  profes- 
sional distinctions.  After  all,  class  notes 
are  one  way  for  Duke  to  promote  itself — to 
send  a  message  about  what  a  Duke  educa- 
tion will  do  for  you:  make  you  chief  of 
surgery,  managing  partner,  senior  v.p.  and 
all  that.  But  that's  the  least  interesting 
thing  about  anyone. 

I  want  to  read  class  notes  that  are  more 
idiosyncratic  (like  the  personals  at  their 
best)  and  more  real — a  scrap  of  true  life 
captured  in  fifty  words.  Obituaries  are  com- 
pelling because  death  matters  to  almost 
everybody.  But  making  tax  partner  in  a  law 
firm  matters  to  almost  nobody  except  the 
person  who  did  it.  And  even  for  the  new  tax 
partner,  there  are  probably  other  things  in 
his  or  her  life  that  are  more  satisfying.  Like 
taking  a  boat  solo  down  the  Inland  Water- 
way or  rehabilitating  a  son  or  daughter 
paralyzed  in  a  car  crash  or  starting  a  food 
bank  or  building  a  harpsichord  from  a  kit. 

Okay,  so  here's  my  note: 

"Ginger  Travis  '68  is  clearing  land  near 
Hillsborough,  N.C.,  to  plant  a  small  apple 
orchard  for  home  use.  The  trees  on  order 
are  old  Southern  varieties  grafted  by  Lee 
Calhoun  of  Pittsboro,  whose  vocation  is  sav- 
ing once-common  old  apples  from  extinc- 
tion. Their  names  are  poetry:  Magnum 
Bonum,  Black  Twig,  Aunt  Rachel,  Hunge, 
and  Smokehouse.  And  they  taste  great." 

Ginger  Travis  '68 
Hillsborough,  North  Carolina 

There  is  no  magazine  policy  for  class  notes  as 
a  focus  on  promotions;  those  notes  are  usually 
written  from  press  releases  submitted  by  the 
graduates'  companies.  We  welcome  all  sub- 
missions, particularly  "home-made"  ones  such 
as  yours.  We  rarely  reject  anything  (although 


items  about  the  doings  of  non-alumni  children 
and  grandchildren  are  more  suited  to  reunion 
newsletters).  Be  sure  to  include  spouse's  name, 
number  of  children,  and  where  you  live.  Now 
get  those  cards  and  letters  (preferably  typed) 
in  the  mail  (or  faxed)  today! 


DEFENDING  THE 
FOUNDERS 

Editors: 

Your  "Retrospectives"  article  in  the 
November-December  1992  issue  concern- 
ing the  early  Thirties  triumvirate  of  Dr. 
William  Preston  Few,  Dr.  Robert  Flowers, 
and  Dean  William  Wannamaker  was  cer- 
tainly wide  of  the  mark.  Jonathan  Douglas 
quoted  Richard  Austin  Smith  '35  to  the 
effect  that  these  gentlemen  were  "provin- 
cial" and  unwilling  "to  adjust  themselves 
to  running  a  big  university  instead  of  a 
small  college." 

Let  me  take  issue  with  this  view  in 
strongest  terms.  Not  only  was  Dr.  Few  one 
of  those  instrumental  in  persuading  James 
B.  Duke  to  leave  his  $40  million  bequest 
to  Trinity  College,  but  his  quiet,  gentle- 
manly demeanor  cloaked  a  decisive  mind 
and  a  steely  determination  to  make  the 
new  Duke  University  an  institution  second 
to  none. 

In  the  school  years  1927  and  1928,  I 
worked  in  the  alumni  office  along  with 
Charles  Dukes  '29  and  under  then-alumni 
secretary  Richard  E.  Thigpen  '22,  writing 
news  releases  for  the  university,  and  came 
much  in  contact  with  the  so-called  "tri- 
umvirate." Their  unswerving  attention  to 
their  firmly-held  vision  of  the  great  uni- 
versity Duke  was  to  become  was  oft  in  evi- 
dence and  always  impressive. 

The  reference  to  Trinity  as  a  "small  col- 
lege" connotes  a  contempt  that  is  not 
deserved.  Trinity  was  certainly  small,  but  it 
had  a  wide  reputation  for  solid  academics 
and  an  unshakable  addiction  to  free  speech. 
In  the  latter  regard,  you  might  commission 
an  article  on  "the  Bassett  case."  In  the 
early  years  of  the  twentieth  century,  not 
long  after  Henry  Grady  in  Atlanta  had 
trumpeted  the  renaissance  of  a  New  South 
and  when  North  Carolina  was  only  begin- 
ning to  come  out  of  a  time  of  troubled 
racial  relations,  John  Spencer  Bassett,  a 


history  professor  at  Trinity  College,  had 
publicly  praised  Booker  T.  Washington. 

The  Raleigh  News  &  Observer  sought  to 
inflame  the  people  of  North  Carolina 
against  Professor  Bassett  and  Trinity  Col- 
lege in  an  attempt  to  cause  the  trustees  of 
the  college  to  discharge  Bassett — just  for 
speaking  highly  of  a  Negro  man.  The  col- 
lege trustees  united  with  the  faculty  and 
the  administration  in  supporting  Professor 
Bassett  and  emerged  from  that  struggle 
with  great  honor. 

In  the  late  Twenties  or  early  Thirties, 
the  same  newspaper,  run  by  the  powerful 
Democratic  politician  Josephus  Daniels, 
attempted  to  force  Few,  Flowers,  and 
Wannamaker  to  prevent  Norman  Thomas, 
a  renowned  Socialist,  from  appearing  and 
speaking  on  campus.  The  effort  was  with- 
out success.  One  should  take  notice  of  the 
fact  that,  at  that  time,  the  trustees  of  The 
Duke  Endowment  were  reliably  Republi- 
can rich  men  who  also  controlled  the  flow 
of  money  to  Duke  University. 

We  don't,  of  course,  know  the  truth,  or 
lack  thereof,  of  Smith's  run-in  with  the 
administration  while  he  was  at  The  Arc/live. 
But  until  we  have  more  detail  on  that,  we 
should  not  brook  assaults  on  the  reputa- 
tions of  gentle  men  whose  good  works 
have  resulted  in  a  magnificent  institution. 

Robert  B.  Cochrane  '3 1 
Sarasota,  Florida 

Editors: 

I  don't  see  the  point  of  the  article  by 
Jonathan  Douglas  denigrating  the  "founders" 
of  Duke  University,  Messrs.  Few,  Flowers, 
and  Wannamaker,  on  the  ruffled  feelings 
of  a  former  student,  Richard  Smith. 

According  to  my  recollection,  it  was  Mr. 
Duke's  esteem  of  these  great  men,  their 
philosophies  and  administration  of  Trinity 
College,  that  persuaded  Mr.  Duke  to  give 
them  $40  million  to  establish  Duke  Univer- 
sity under  their  administration.  In  other 
words,  if  my  recollection  is  correct,  it  was 
precisely  because  of  them  that  there  is  a 
Duke  University  in  Durham. 

When  I  went  to  Duke  in  1933,  it  was  a 
going  and  growing  university.  From  a  great 
mass  of  stone  and  cement,  these  men 
established  a  distinguished  faculty;  had  the 
best  football  coach  in  the  U.S.A.,  Wallace 
Wade,  and  an  outstanding  football  team; 
and  hired  a  distinguished  baseball  coach 


Marcfi-Apri!    J993 


33 


and  the  finest  carilloneur  in  the  world, 
Anton  Brees.  The  coordination  of  Trinity 
and  Duke — what  a  job  that  was. 

I  think  an  apology  is  due  the  memory  of 
these  great  founders  of  Duke  University. 

W.  Gavin  Whitsett  '34 
Louisville,  Kentucky 

Editors: 

"Anarchist  at  the  Archive?  "  contains  an 
interview  with  Richard  A.  Smith  '35,  who 
gives  a  highly  uncomplimentary  view  of 
Duke's  first  administration,  and  describes 
an  organized  protest  against  it  that  took 
place  in  1934-  The  tone  of  what  is  to  come 
is  set  by  a  tasteless  quote  from  the  ram- 
bunctious H.L.  Mencken,  who  gloried  in 
his  prejudices,  was  a  master  of  invective, 
and  was  prone  to  shameless  exaggeration. 
Mencken,  according  to  the  article,  said 
that  all  the  Duke  University  of  the  day 
needed  was  "a  few  first-class  funerals." 

Smith,  seconded  by  Jonathan  Douglas, 
then  gives  an  account,  one-sided  and  con- 
descending, of  the  events  of  1934,  depict- 


ing Duke's  top  administrators  (President 
William  Preston  Few,  Vice  President 
Robert  Flowers,  and  Dean  William  Wan- 
namaker)  as  thoroughly  out  of  their  ele- 
ment, "menaced  by  their  new  opportuni- 
ties," and  grudgingly  presiding  over  "the 
glacial  evolution  of  a  small,  provincial  col- 
lege into  a  great  university."  So  Smith 
"took  up  the  cudgels"  against  these  hide- 
bound old  fogies  and,  in  The  Archive, 
which  he  edited,  pronounced  Duke  "a 
shell,"  "full  of  deadwood."  Nor  did  Smith 
limit  himself  to  words.  With  some  other 
students,  several  faculty  members,  and  the 
football  coach,  he  launched  a  campaign 
for  a  new  student  government  constitu- 
tion, changes  in  fraternity  regulations, 
curbs  on  campus  police,  and  less  faculty 
control  over  student  publications. 

Nobody  could  object  to  such  activities, 
positive  in  most  respects,  and  Smith 
admits  that  the  university  agreed  to  all 
these  demands  except  the  last.  But  Smith 
and  his  group  went  further.  They  sought 
the  ouster  of  what  they  saw  as  an  oppres- 
sive, paternalistic,  outmoded  regime. 


Bufe  HIrtftermti} 


Summer  Session  1993 


Term  I:  May  20  -  July  1 


Term  II:  Julv  5  -  Auaust  14 


Duke  University  welcomes  you  to 
Summer  Session  1993! 

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The  negative,  unbalanced  picture  of 
Duke's  first  administration,  with  its  biased 
account  of  an  important  period  in  Duke's 
history,  smacks  of  the  "dishonoring"  that 
Smith  ascribes  to  a  choice  given  him  by 
Duke's  president.  If  such  a  sweeping  con- 
demnation, with  vindictive  overtones,  of 
Duke's  founding  fathers  is  given  a  forum  in 
the  Duke  alumni  magazine,  would  it  not 
have  been  good  editorial  policy  to  present 
the  other  side? 

Yes,  I  am  a  son  of  William  Preston  Few 
and  no,  I'm  not  unbiased,  although  I'm 
trying  to  be.  Also  I  should  point  out  that  I 
am  writing  purely  from  memory.  However, 
I  know  Dick  Smith,  was  a  classmate,  and 
lived  through  this  exciting  period. 

After  launching  this  no-holds  barred 
attack,  Smith  adds  insult  to  injury  by 
accusing  the  Duke  administration  of  being 
"singularly  humorless."  I  am  not  sure  that 
Smith  would  have  appreciated  a  humorous 
response  to  his  activities,  nor  does  Smith 
himself  exhibit  any  trace  of  humor  in  the 
interview.  To  those  of  us  who  knew  him  in 
those  days,  he  was  a  grim,  unsmiling  young 
man,  single-minded  and  driven,  with  no 
time  for  humor.  The  Smith  of  today 
should  ponder  the  lesson  of  a  story  told  by 
Mark  Twain  of  a  smug  young  man  who 
was  convinced  that  his  father  knew  noth- 
ing about  anything  and  then,  some  years 
later,  declared  his  amazement  at  how 
much  the  old  man  had  learned. 

Smith  expresses  indignation  that  the 
university  authorities  would  not  allow  him 
to  remain  at  the  university  for  another 
year  as  editor  of  The  Archive ,  to  continue 
his  disruptive  activities,  and  to  disseminate 
his  negative,  unhelpful  criticisms. 

Would  any  educational  institution  in 
those  far-off  Thirties  have  tolerated  such 
an  editor?  One  wonders  if  Fortune  maga- 
zine, where  Smith  worked  for  two  decades 
with  "success.. .well-documented,"  would 
have  welcomed  such  actions,  and  the 
expression  of  such  rebellious  ideas? 

Although  Duke  would  not  allow  Smith 
to  continue  as  editor  of  The  Archive,  it 
would  have  allowed  him  to  remain  at 
Duke  for  his  senior  year,  but  on  one  condi- 
tion, and  it  is  that  condition  that  arouses 
Smith's  moral  outrage.  President  Few  sum- 
moned him  to  his  office  (we  have  only 
Smith's  account  of  what  happened)  and 
gave  him  an  ultimatum,  which  Smith 
regards  as  "dishonoring."  In  order  to 
remain  at  Duke  for  his  final  year,  he  would 
have  had  to  sign  "a  letter  of  apology,  of 
retraction,"  the  content  of  the  letter  being 
left  up  to  him.  Smith  tells  us  that  he 
looked  within  the  depths  of  his  being  and 
knew  that  he  could  not  draft  and  sign  such 
a  letter. 

We  must  admire  his  sincerity  and 
courage,  but,  fifty-nine  years  later,  can  he 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


still  he  so  sure  of  his  moral  rectitude,  so 
completely  confident  that  the  measures 
taken  against  him  were  unjustified? 
Reversing  roles  and  looking  at  himself 
through  the  eyes  of  the  administration, 
can  he  not,  as  I  can  in  myself  of  that  peri- 
od, find  at  least  a  trace  of  the  intolerant, 
overhearing,  unforgiving,  self-righteous, 
rigid,  objectionable  young  man?  Is  it  possi- 
ble that  he  sees  nothing  in  his  behavior  of 
those  days  that  made  punitive  action 
understandable  and  reasonable? 

Finally,  what  of  Smith's  main  con- 
tention that  Duke  was  making  the  transi- 
tion from  Trinity  College  to  a  respectable 
university  at  a  snail's  pace,  and  that  the 
"lumbering  administration"  that  Duke  had 
inherited  from  Trinity  College  was  inept 
and  just  not  up  to  the  job?  First,  it  must  be 
recognized  that  history  will  ultimately 
determine  the  role  played  by  Duke's  first 
administration.  In  the  meantime,  we  need 
to  know  Smith's  criteria  for  judging  speed 
and  efficiency.  Can  he  cite  examples 
where  colleges  similarly  situated  have 
evolved  more  rapidly  or  more  successfully? 
Or  is  Duke  unique? 

Nobody  would  have  argued,  least  of  all 
the  administration,  that  the  transition  was 
complete  in  1934-  At  the  same  time  it 
seems  obvious  that  remarkable  progress 
had  been  made.  Smith,  like  me,  should 
have  had  the  opportunity,  just  ten  years 
earlier,  to  trudge  the  wild,  wooded  areas 
where  the  magnificent  Gothic  West  Cam- 
pus now  stands.  Perhaps  he  would  have 
been  led  to  realize  the  amazing  physical 
changes  that  had  taken  place,  and  also  to 
appreciate  the  huge  advances  in  academic 
standards,  student  qualifications,  faculty 
level,  the  library,  and  in  other  respects. 
One  would  think  that  he  would  have  been 
especially  impressed  by  the  development, 
from  scratch,  in  this  brief  period,  of  the 
hospital  and  medical  school. 

When  he  visits  Duke  today,  Smith  must 
have  a  sneaking  suspicion  that  those 
superannuated  dodos  did  a  pretty  good  job, 
and  that  they  left  behind  a  sound  founda- 
tion for  the  nationally  recognized  universi- 
ty of  1993. 

LyneS.  Few '35,  A.M.  '37 
Falls  Church,  Virginia 


DEFENDING 
LOMPERIS 


Editors: 

Professor  Jerry  Hough's  letter  on  the 
Timothy  Lomperis  case  [excerpted  in 
"Quad  Quotes,"  January-February]  is  filled 
with  so  many  egregious  errors  that  it  is 


necessary  to  reply  in  some  detail.  His  letter 
indicates  that  a  fair  and  rational  process 
led  to  a  decision  that,  however  fine  a 
teacher  he  might  be,  Tim's  research  did 
not  come  up  to  the  standards  that  Duke 
must  apply.  In  reality,  the  process  was 
marred  by  biases,  personal  antagonisms, 
and  malice  that  far  exceed  anything  I  have 
seen  in  thirty-one  years  of  teaching, 
including  the  last  nineteen  years  at  Duke. 
Let's  look  at  some  of  the  evidence: 

•  Tim  is  completing  his  fourth  book, 


to  be  published  by  the  prestigious  Yale 
University  Press.  Two  others  have  been 
published  by  major  university  presses, 
including  one  based  on  a  dissertation  that 
won  a  national  "best  dissertation"  award. 
So  much  for  Professor  Hough's  suggestion 
that  this  was  a  "teaching  versus  research" 
— or  "Swarthmore  versus  Duke" — case. 

•  Tim's  research  received  high  praise  in 
letters  of  evaluation  from  three  of  the  most 
distinguished  scholars  of  our  time:  Samuel 
Huntington  (Harvard,  former  president  of 


RisingSeas 


Duke  University 

Marine  Lab  Alumni  College 

May  14-16, 1993 

Beaufort.  North  Carolina 


Sponsored  by  Duke  University 
Office  of  Alumni  Affairs 


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6 1 4  Chapel  Drive 

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March-April    199  3 


the  American  Political  Science  Associa- 
tion); Lucian  Pye  (MIT,  former  president 
of  the  American  Political  Science  Associ- 
ation); and  George  Herring  (Kentucky, 
former  president  of  the  Society  of  Histori- 
ans of  American  Foreign  Relations).  The 
critical  external  letters  were  written  by 
amiable  but  quite  undistinguished  profes- 
sors, one  of  whom  has  never  even  written 
a  book,  much  less  matched  Tim's  four 
books.  So  much  for  the  charge  that  Tim's 
research  is  "off  the  scope." 

•  Two  senior  members  of  our  depart- 
ment, both  world-class  bullies,  have  made 
it  a  long-time  project  to  run  Tim  out  of 
Duke.  The  first  bully  warmly  greeted  Tim 
upon  his  appointment  at  Duke:  "You  don't 
belong  here.  You  should  leave."  He  has 
done  everything  in  his  power  to  oppose 
Tim  since  then.  After  Tim  wrote  a  minori- 
ty report  on  a  committee  chaired  by  the 
second  bully — a  report  of  such  compelling 
quality  that  it  was  approved  by  the  depart- 
ment on  a  17-4  vote — the  second  bully 
told  Tim,  "I  don't  believe  in  this  democra- 
cy bull— t.  You  should  know  that  assistant 
professors  who  make  waves  don't  become 
associate  professors."  He  has  used  all  of  his 
energies  to  make  that  prophecy  come  true. 
Both  of  these  professors  have  made  it 
amply  clear  that  they  disapprove  of  Tim's 
speciality  in  international  security;  at  a 
lunch  meeting  last  June,  after  laughing 
heartily  at  the  news  that  Tim  would  not 
receive  tenure,  the  second  bully  expressed 
his  strong  conviction  that  Tim's  replacement 
should  be  someone  in  his  own  specialty. 

•  Not  surprisingly,  the  anti-Lomperis 
activists,  led  by  the  two  bullies,  have  cre- 
ated a  climate  of  fear  in  the  department. 
As  one  colleague  told  me,  "Of  course  I 
support  Tim.  But  I  can't  afford  to  get 
involved.  I  have  my  own  promotion  to 
think  about."  Unfortunately,  this  thor- 
oughly decent  person  was  quite  right  to  be 
fearful. 

•  Tim's  tormentors  have  not  merely 
worked  diligently  to  run  him  out  of  Duke, 
they  have  also  tried  to  prevent  him  from 
getting  any  academic  job.  Tim  was  a  can- 
didate for  a  position  at  the  University  of 
Kentucky  in  1991.  A  flurry  of  unsolicited 
calls  from  Duke  to  political  scientists  at 
Kentucky  smeared  Tim  in  unspeakable 
ways,  resulting  in  his  failure  to  get  an  offer 
from  Kentucky. 

One  of  their  most  distinguished  political 
scientists  wrote  to  me  on  May  7,  1991, 
telling  of  this  plot.  Telephone  records  at 
Duke  have  confirmed  a  large  number  of 
telephone  calls  from  our  department  to 
faculty  members  in  the  political  science 
department  at  Kentucky  during  the  critical 
period  in  April  1991. 

Many  other  points  could  be  made  to 
support  the  thesis  that  the  department's 


decision  on  Tim  Lomperis  was  a  far  cry 
from  the  rational  process  described  in  Pro- 
fessor Hough's  letter.  Owing  to  a  process 
marred  by  almost  indescribable  malice, 
Duke  has  lost  a  distinguished  teacher,  an 
equally  distinguished  scholar,  and  a  true 
gentleman. 

Ole  R.  Holsti 

George  V.  Allen  Professor  of  Political  Science 

Duke  University 

Durham,  North  Carolina 


TRASHING 
TOMPKINS 

Editors: 

The  article  "Don't  Fence  Me  Out"  by 
Deborah  Norman  [November-December 
1992]  and  the  accompanying  excerpt  from 
Duke  English  professor  Jane  Tompkins' 
West  of  Everything:  The  Inner  Life  of  West- 
erns contain  some  of  the  most  pretentious 
rubbish  I've  ever  seen  in  Duke  Magazine. 
Anyone  who  has  been  subjected  to  a  high 
school  or  college  literature  class  will  be 
well  aware  of  the  tendency  of  literature 
professors  to  make  fools  of  themselves  by 
silly  over-interpretations  of  literature. 
Norman  and  Tompkins  take  this  tendency 
farther  than  most. 

Some  specific  points  in  the  Norman  and 
Tompkins  article  bear  comment.  Tomp- 
kins seems  quite  puzzled  as  to  why  West- 
erns are  set  in  the  desert  Southwest  as 
opposed  to,  say,  the  forests  of  the  Pacific 
Northwest.  To  "explain"  this,  she  falls 
back  on  that  stock  in  trade  of  the  shallow 
thinker,  psychobabble,  and  contends  that 
the  desert  setting  "expresses  a  need  to  be 
in  control  of  one's  surroundings,  to  domi- 
nate them;  hence  the  denuded,  absolute 
quality  of  the  scene. ..."  Excuse  me,  but  one 
does  not  dominate  the  desert.  When  it  is 
120  degrees  by  9  a.m.  and  there  is  no  water 
or  shelter  for  miles,  it  is  the  desert  that 
very  clearly  dominates  you! 

Still,  one  does  need  to  address  the  ques- 
tion of  why  Westerns  are  set  in  the  desert.  I 
suggest  a  much  more  parsimonious  explana- 
tion: At  the  time  Westerns  became  popular, 
the  desert  was  a  rather  strange  and  exotic 
environment  to  readers,  most  of  whom 
were  from  the  East.  The  Northwest,  in 
contrast,  was  much  like  the  East,  complete 
with  forests,  rivers,  and  lakes,  and  thus 
lacked  the  exotic  appeal  of  the  desert.  Put 
simply,  readers  are  interested  more  in  mild- 
ly unfamiliar  settings.  No  need  to  hypothe- 
size any  nebulous  "desire  for  self-transcen- 
dence" on  the  part  of  the  readers. 

One  of  the  attractions  of  psychobabble 
theories  such  as  Tompkins'  is  that  they 
sound  so  profound,  given  that  one  doesn't 


subject  them  to  any  critical  scrutiny.  It  is 
really  trivially  easy  to  come  up  with  such 
theories.  For  example,  did  science  fiction 
become  popular  because  readers  felt  that 
(let's  see,  now,  what  will  sound  like  really 
good  English  literature  pseudo-intellectual 
psychobabble?)  "the  vastness  of  empty  space 
portrayed  so  often  in  the  science  fiction 
novel  mirrored  the  vastness  of  the  increas- 
ingly technological  and  dehumanized  civili- 
zation in  which  the  readers  were  living  and 
from  which  they  found  themselves  more 
and  more  alienated?"  Further,  "does  not  the 
vastness  of  space,  by  its  very  lack  of  any 
human  presence,  serve  as  a  source  of  com- 
fort for  the  readers'  alienated  feelings?" 

Or,  is  it  more  reasonable  to  suggest  that 
the  popularity  of  science  fiction  arose  as 
the  great  possibilities  inherent  in  the  ex- 
ploration of  space  became  clear  to  the 
reading  public? 

Returning  to  some  of  Tompkins'  specific 
points,  it  is  clear  that  she  does  not  allow 
major  factual  inconsistencies  to  get  in  the 
way  of  her  theorizing.  On  page  ten  of  Nor- 
man's article,  we  are  told  about  the  West- 
ern hero's  "denial  of... sex  and  comfort." 
But  previously,  on  page  eight,  Tompkins  is 
quoted  as  writing,  "Can  it  be  an  accident 
that  the  characteristic  indoor  setting  for 
Westerns  is  the  saloon?"  The  saloon,  with 
its  "whisky,  gambling,  and  prostitution." 
Sounds  pretty  damn  comfortable  and  sexy 
to  me! 

In  reality,  of  course,  the  saloon  was  the 
indoor  setting  of  choice  because  there  just 
weren't  any  other  indoor  settings  where 
the  type  of  interactions  required  between 
characters  in  a  good  story  could  take  place. 
It  would  have  been  difficult  to  build  much 
interaction  between  characters  doing  their 
business  in  a  two-hole  outhouse! 

Getting  down  to  modern  times,  Tomp- 
kins says  that  "the  macho  ethic  lives  on" 
in  films  like  Robocop,  the  Terminator  series 
and  the  like.  Apparently,  she  never  both- 
ered to  actually  watch  these  films.  If  she 
had,  she  would  have  noted  the  very  strong 
female  characters  in  many  of  them.  This  is 
especially  true  of  Terminator  II  and  the 
Aliens  series  with  Sigourney  Weaver. 

The  overall  impression  one  gets  from 
the  article  on  Tompkins  is  that  of  an 
astonishingly  sloppy  scholar  who  has  no 
idea  what  constitutes  real  evidence  for,  or 
against,  an  idea. 

Terence  M.  Hines  '73 
Warsaw,  Poland 

The  reviews  of  Tompkins'  book  offered  a  dif- 
ferent assessment.  The  Washington  Post's 
reviewer,  for  example,  called  West  of  Every- 
thing "a  daring  and  confrontational  literary 
essay"  that  is  "seamless"  in  its  arguments, 
adding  that  Tompkins  is  "dutifully  sensible  in 
everything  she  says." 


36 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


KNOWING 
WHAT  TO  ASK 


One  night  in  April,  I 
see  the  announce- 
ment on  television 
that  Jeopardy!  is  con- 
ducting a  contestant 
search  in  the  Atlanta 
area.  I  rummage 
through  my  desk  for 
a  postcard  and  pop  it  in  the  mailbox. 

The  odds  are  stacked  against  me.  More 
than  25,000  people  test  for  the  show  each 
year,  but  only  425  are  smart  (and  lucky) 
enough  to  get  on. 

The  audition  takes  place  May  12  at  the 
Best  Western  in  downtown  Atlanta.  Jeop- 
ard}'.1 staffers  Suzanne  and  Kelly  herd  us 
into  a  ballroom  and  administer  the  ten- 
minute,  fifty-question  test  that  quickly 
weeds  out  all  but  a  dozen  hopefuls. 

You  can  miss  up  to  fifteen  questions  and 
still  make  the  cut.  I  count  up  the  ones  I 
think  1  got  wrong  and  run  out  of  fingers.  It's 
time  to  fish  my  car  keys  out  of  my  purse. 

We  all  compare  answers  while  we  wait 
for  the  tests  to  be  graded.  I  feel  like  I'm 
back  at  Duke. 

"Who  knows  the  word  meaning  effu- 
sively sentimental  that  is  derived  from  the 
Biblical  name  of  an  Oxford  college?"  I  ask. 

"Maudlin,"  the  English  professor  from 
Georgia  State  sitting  next  to  me  says. 
"That's  how  the  British  pronounce  Mag- 
dalen College." 

Oh  well.  How  many  people  did  I  stupid- 
ly tell  I  was  trying  out  for  jeopardy!? 

Suzanne  and  Kelly  come  back  and  call 
out  a  short  list  of  names.  I  am  flabbergast- 
ed to  hear  my  own.  I  made  the  cut.  The 
English  professor  failed. 

Everyone  else  is  sent  home  while  the 
twelve  of  us  play  a  mock  game.  They  snap 
our  photos,  ask  us  to  impress  them  in 
an  impromptu  sixty-second  monologue. 
One  woman  mentions  that  her  parrot  can 
hum  the  Jeopardy!  theme  song.  How  can  I 
top  that? 

1  can  only  hope  that  I  did  not  come  off 
like  Frankenstein's  bride  on  a  bad  hair  day. 

Four  months  pass  and  I  decide  that  I  must 
not  have  been  charming  enough.  Then 
one  night  in  August  the  phone  rings. 


WINNING  AND 
LOSING  IN  L.A. 

BY  NANCY  BUTTS 


The  category  is 

"Jeopardy!" 

The  answer  is  "No." 

The  question  is 

"Was  it  fun?" 


"This  is  Glenn  from  Hollywood."  For  a 
second  I  think  it  is  some  charity  dunning 
me  for  money,  but  then  the  voice  says  he 
is  calling  for  jeopardy!. 

My  stomach  twists  and  churns  for  the 
next  four  weeks.  Even  on  vacation  at  the 
beach,  I  can't  sleep.  Nerves.  It  is  the 
beginning  of  an  adrenalin  rush  from  which 
I  will  not  come  down  until  weeks  after  I 
tape  the  show. 

I  fly  out  to  L.A.  on  a  stormy  Friday  night 
with  my  sister  Cory.  Next  morning  I  discover 
that  I  am  trapped  with  three  starstruck 


tourists  from  hell — Cory  and  her  friends.  We 
have  two  days  before  the  taping  Monday, 
and  they  are  determined  to  cram  a  month's 
worth  of  sightseeing  into  one  weekend. 

I  spend  the  next  forty-eight  hours  rock- 
eting around  L.A.  at  breakneck  speed.  The 
girls  videotape  themselves  in  front  of  every 
store  on  Rodeo  Drive  while  I  slink  in  the 
background.  They  cruise  the  sleazy  streets 
of  Hollywood  and  gawk  at  transvestites 
fixing  their  makeup  in  a  phone  booth.  I 
pretend  I  don't  know  them.  We  might  as 
well  wear  signs  advertising  ourselves  as 
redneck  tourists  from  the  South. 

Somehow  I  survive  until  Sunday  night. 

J-Day:  September  21.1  wake  up  at  4:30 
to  go  to  the  bathroom — the  first  in  a  series 
of  trips  I  will  make  every  twenty  minutes 
all  day.  I  wish  I'd  never  sent  that  postcard 
back  in  April. 

The  girls  drop  me  off  in  Hollywood.  I 
stand  under  the  hot  sun  with  twelve  other 
people  in  an  alley  outside  the  studio  gates. 
No  one  is  saying  a  word. 

Glenn  escorts  us  to  the  green  room  and 
seats  us  at  two  large  tables.  We  fill  out 
forms.  We  are  offered  coffee,  tea,  dough- 
nuts, bagels.  The  makeup  artist  does  a  pre- 
liminary check  on  us  and  puts  pancake  on 
all  the  guys. 

Monday's  lucky  group  of  thirteen  is  all 
from  out  of  town — except  for  Mike,  the 


March-April    1993 


returning  champion  with  a  one-day  total 
of  $18,000.  He's  introduced  as  a  newspaper 
publisher  from  Palo  Alto.  I'm  intimidated, 
but  he  comes  up  to  me  and  flashes  his 
reporter's  notebook  and  we  share  stories. 

The  rest  of  the  group  includes  two  col- 
lege professors  and  several  New  Yorkers. 
They  are  all  more  interesting  than  I  am 
and  seem  very  sharp. 

Motherly  Suzanne  goes  over  the  rules. 
"Don't  go  to  the  bathroom  without  asking 
one  of  us  first,"  she  admonishes  us. 

Then  it's  downstairs  to  the  ice-cold 
soundstage.  We  each  get  a  chance  to  step 
behind  the  podium  and  play  a  brief  prac- 
tice round.  The  buzzers  are  tricky  and  so 
are  the  light  pens.  I  sign  my  name  and  it 
looks  like  someone  with  D.T.'s  wrote  it. 

We  tape  promotional  spots  for  the  show. 
Paul,  a  tourism  professor  from  North 
Miami  Beach,  refuses  to  do  the  spots.  He  is 
chatty,  fidgety,  popping  pills  all  day  long — 
Advil,  Motrin,  breath  mints.  He  gets  up 
and  performs  a  little  yoga  stretch  every  ten 
minutes.  Is  Paul  really  neurotic  or  is  he  just 
trying  to  psych  us  out? 

Then  it's  time  to  bring  the  audience  in. 
Kelly  checks  with  the  legal  department  and 
comes  back  with  the  two  players  chosen  at 
random  to  face  Mike.  I  breathe  a  sigh  of 
relief  when  my  name  is  not  called.  I  don't 
want  to  face  him.  He  seems  invincible. 

The  rest  of  us  sit  in  an  isolated  section 
of  the  studio  and  watch.  Johnny  Gibson 
warms  up  the  audience  with  jokes  and 
chitchat  about  Merv  Griffin  and  Alex  Tre- 
bek.  The  contestants  play,  turning  their 
backs  to  the  board  during  commercial 
breaks  and  getting  paper  cups  of  water  and 
pep  talks  from  Kelly  and  Suzanne  and 
Glenn.  Mike  wins  again. 

The  losers  sign  some  papers  and  leave. 
That's  it.  We'll  never  see  them  again. 

The  crew  moves  on  quickly  to  the  next 
show.  I'm  feeling  more  relaxed.  I  have  a 
hunch  that  I'm  not  going  to  be  called 
next,  and  I'm  not.  I'm  riding  a  wave  of 
self-confidence.  I  feel  lucky.  I'm  going  to 
win.  It  will  be  followed  later  by  a  tidal 
wave  of  anxiety  when  I  just  want  to  tell 
Suzanne  I've  changed  my  mind  and  skulk 
out  of  the  studio  without  playing. 

Paul  (whose  students  call  him  Professor 
Pablo)  says  he  did  that — backed  out  at  the 
last  minute.  He  flew  to  L.A.,  sat  through 
the  paperwork  and  rehearsals  and  bagels, 
and  decided  he  felt  too  sick  to  go  on.  I  can't 
believe  they  called  him  back  a  second  time. 

Marty,  an  electrician  from  New  Jersey, 
dethrones  invincible  Mike  in  the  second 
show,  then  wins  again  in  the  third  show. 

It's  three  o'clock  and  time  for  a  catered 

i  lunch  for  the  survivors.  I'm  getting  a  little 

lightheaded   but   don't   want   to   eat   too 

I  much  and  get  sleepy  or  sick  to  my  stom- 

j  ach,  so  I  stick  to  rice  and  beans  and  fruit 


A  fellow  contestant 

shows  me  the 

velour  on  the  podium 

and  comments 

how  great  it  is  for 

drying  sweaty  palms. 


Prime- 


•  player:  contestant  Butts  with  host  Trebek 


and  salad.  The  lunchroom  is  sweltering. 

Marty  is  still  nervous  even  after  two 
wins.  We  commiserate  with  him  and  relive 
the  high  points  of  his  victories. 

We  joke  about  Jeopardy i's  favorite  cate- 
gories. We  all  agree  that  they  like  Shake- 
speare. I  say  they  favor  The  Taming  of 
the  Shrew. 

This  remark  will  turn  out  to  be  prophetic. 

Paul  carps  about  Alex,  saying  he  doesn't 
like  the  host's  attitude.  He  paces,  asks  for 
aspirin  and  a  place  to  lie  down,  smokes  a 
few  cigarettes.  He  says  he's  had  a  feeling 
all  day  he  will  end  up  playing  me  because 
we're  both  from  the  South. 

We  go  back  to  the  studio  for  the  last 
two  shows.  They  bring  in  a  new  audience 
and  Johnny  Gibson  tells  the  same  jokes. 

In  the  fourth  game  Paul  beats  Marty  and 
wins  $10,000.  He  rings  in  fast  on  the 
buzzer  and  seems  deadly  calm.  Maybe  Paul 
has  been  doing  a  number  on  us  all  along. 

The  last  two  players  of  the  day  are 
announced.  My  hunch  turns  out  to  be 
right.  I  will  be  held  over  until  tomorrow, 
along  with  a  consultant  from  Reston,  Vir- 
ginia, named  Jim. 

The  two  of  us  get  dirty  looks  from  the 
page  during  the  last  game.  We  are  practical- 
ly sitting  in  each  other's  laps,  nudging  each 


other  and  mouthing  all  the  questions  in  a 
stage  whisper.  It's  a  good  board  for  both  of 
us.  Jim,  an  opera  buff,  laments  the  fact  that 
"his"  category  comes  up  on  this  show.  "I 
should  have  played  this  game,"  he  moans. 

Paul  wins  another  $10,000,  and  as  they 
escort  the  three  of  us  back  to  the  green 
room  afterwards,  he  dances  a  little  jig  in 
the  hall  and  says  he  needs  a  new  car. 

I  meet  my  sister  and  friends  out  back.  I 
feel  great — the  most  relaxed  in  weeks.  We 
wade  in  the  ocean  at  Venice  Beach  and 
find  a  nice  restaurant  on  the  wharf  at 
Marina  Del  Ray.  We  sit  at  a  table  next  to 
Florence  Henderson  from  The  Brady 
Bunch — our  first  celebrity  sighting. 

I  am  able  to  get  a  full  five  hours  of  sleep 
that  night. 

But  the  next  morning  I  am  sick  with 
anxiety  again.  I  rush  to  the  bathroom  sev- 
eral times  an  hour  and  cannot  swallow  my 
breakfast. 

Back  at  the  studio,  I  greet  Jim  like  a 
long-lost  brother  and  meet  Kim,  a  legal 
clerk  from  Arizona  who  just  lost  her  job. 
All  the  other  contestants  today  are  from 
California.  Jeopardy!  does  this  on  purpose, 
so  if  anyone  wins  and  is  held  over  until  the 
next  week's  taping,  he  or  she  probably 
won't  have  to  travel  far. 

All  morning  long,  Paul  singles  me  out 
to  tell  me  that  he  is  afraid  of  me.  I  am 
murder  on  the  buzzer,  he  says.  He  rolls  his 
eyes  and  feigns  panic  when  he  discovers  I 
went  to  Duke.  I  try  to  laugh  him  off. 

Suzanne  comes  back  from  the  legal 
department — Jim  and  I  are  up  next.  We 
sign  in  at  the  podiums.  Jim  and  I  reassure 
each  other.  Paul  shows  me  the  velour  on 
the  podium  and  comments  how  great  it  is 
for  drying  sweaty  palms. 

We  go  offstage  and  line  up  for  our  entry. 
Paul  keeps  up  the  commentary  about  being 
intimidated  by  me.  I  decide  to  make  a  joke 
of  it  and  return  what  I  hope  sounds  like 
lighthearted  banter.  Kelly  and  the  makeup 
man  decide  I  need  some  lipstick. 

Everyone  wishes  everybody  else  good 
luck,  Suzanne  tells  us  to  have  fun,  and 
Johnny  Gibson  announces  our  names. 

Now  Paul  is  telling  me  that  he  is  extra- 
afraid  of  me  because  I'm  a  reporter.  I 
ignore  him. 

This  is  it.  It's  hard  to  keep  a  smile  past- 
ed on  for  the  camera.  Paul  whispers  in  my 
ear  that  this  is  his  day  to  lose.  "You're  the 
one  who  has  won  over  $20,000,"  I  reply. 

Once  I  get  up  to  the  podium,  the  ner- 
vousness seems  to  drain  out  of  me  in  a  slow 
rush,  replaced  by  a  languid  sort  of  trance.  I 
hate  the  buzzer.  I  know  most  of  the  answers 
but  don't  seem  to  be  getting  in  very  much. 

After  the  first  round  I  am  surprised  to 
discover  that  I  am  in  the  lead.  Paul  says,  "I 
told  you  so."  I  had  no  idea  how  much 
money  I'd  earned. 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


During  the  break,  Glenn  tells  us  what  a 
great  game  we're  all  playing,  by  which  he 
means  we've  got  the  energy  they're  always 
asking  tor  and  that  we're  keeping  it  interest- 
ing. I  feel  like  a  high  school  football  player 
being  whipped  up  at  halttime  by  the  coach. 

Then  it's  on  to  Double  Jeopardy.  I  hit  a 
Daily  Double,  bet  $1,000,  and  am  amazed 
when  I  dredge  the  correct  answer  up  out  of 
nowhere — Dixie  Ray,  the  first  woman  gov- 
ernor of  the  state  of  Washington.  (The  cat- 
egory, obscurely  enough,  was  Washington.) 

At  the  end  of  the  round  I  can't  lose.  I 
have  $9,100.  Paul  trails  me  with  $4,900. 
The  category  is  Shakespeare.  I  bet  $701, 
just  enough  to  beat  him  if  he  wagers  it  all. 

The  answer  is,  "This  play  features  the 
Minola  sisters."  I  can't  believe  it  when  nei- 
ther Paul  nor  Jim  gets  it  right.  After  all,  we 
talked  about  it  over  lunch  just  the  day 
before — The  Taming  of  the  Shrew. 

I  win  $9,801.  Upstairs  in  the  green 
room  as  I  rush  to  change  my  clothes  for 
the  second  show,  my  hands  shake  so  much 
that  I  can't  get  my  belt  to  go  through  the 
loops  on  my  dress.  Paul  and  Jim  both  come 
up  and  give  me  hugs  and  kisses. 

Kim  and  another  Paul,  this  one  a  Marine 
major  from  Camp  Pendleton,  are  waiting 
upstairs.  They  will  be  my  competition. 
Kim  is  so  nervous  that  her  face  and  neck 
are  breaking  out  in  red  blotches.  The 
makeup  man  covers  her  with  pancake  and 
powder,  taking  a  swipe  at  my  nose  with  his 
sponge  while  he's  at  it. 

I  am  a  returning  champion,  but  I  seem 
to  be  having  a  harder  time  with  the  buzzer 
today.  Alex  comments  on  my  lack  of  self- 
confidence.  Once  again  I  have  no  idea 
where  I  stand  in  the  game.  With  only  two 
answers  left  in  the  Double  Jeopardy  round, 
I  do  not  know  who  Chase  Manhattan's 
president  was  in  1966  (David  Rockefeller) 
and  so  lose  control  to  Paul,  who  gets  the 
last  answer — a  Daily  Double.  I  have 
$7,600.  He  has  $4,600.  He  wagers  $3,000 
and  wins. 

The  last  two  answers  change  the  out- 
come of  the  game. 

Major  Paul  and  I  are  tied  for  the  lead 
going  into  Final  Jeopardy,  and  I'm  forced 
to  wager  it  all.  Paul  is  a  Marine.  I  know 
he's  not  going  to  make  a  wimpy  bet. 

The  answer  is,  "He  was  born  William 
Jefferson  Blythe  IV  in  August  1946." 

I  draw  a  complete  blank,  and  in  that 
moment  I  know  that  Men'  Griffin  is  not 
going  to  be  flying  me  back  for  the  Tourna- 
ment of  Champions. 

But  I'm  not  alone.  None  of  us  gets  the 
question  right.  Kim  bets  conservatively 
and  winds  up  with  $2,200.  Major  Paul  bets 
it  all.  We  tie  to  lose  with  a  big  zero. 

Kim  wins.  I  am  deposed  after  a  rather 
short  reign.  I  offer  my  hand  in  congratula- 
tions. She  looks  dazed. 


One  woman  mentions 

that  her  pareot 
can  hum  the  Jeopardy! 

theme  song. 
How  can  I  top  that? 


During  the  closing  credits,  Alex  compli- 
ments me  on  my  "gutsy"  bet  in  Final  Jeop- 
ardy. He  says  women  usually  play  it  safe. 
"Most  women  think,  well,  if  I  just  bet  this 
much  I'll  have  some  money  left,"  Alex 
says.  "You  bet  to  win."  He  shakes  my  hand. 

What  a  comfort  to  know  that  I  made 
the  game  exciting. 

The  staff  has  okayed  my  request  to  write 
a  story  about  the  show,  and  they  suggest  a 
photo  op  with  Alex.  He  puts  his  arm 
around  my  waist. 

That's  it.  Staff  members  hustle  Paul  and  me 
over  to  a  table  to  sign  some  papers,  and  a  page 
is  summoned  to  escort  us  out  of  the  studio. 

Marines  are  certainly  polite.  Major  Paul 
just  blew   his   once-in-a-lifetime   shot   at 


Jeopardy!  and  he  is  apologizing  to  me  for 
winning  that  last  Daily  Double.  "I'm  sorry 
I  lost  it  for  you,"  Paul  says. 

I  dash  upstairs  to  gather  my  things  and 
run  into  Kim,  who  is  changing  in  the  closet 
that  serves  as  the  women's  dressing  room.  I 
compliment  her  on  the  new  outfit  and 
wish  her  good  luck.  She  is  pale  and  sweaty. 

It's  over. 

No  one  says  good-bye — they're  all  too 
busy  getting  ready  for  the  next  show.  I  feel 
a  little  empty,  like  the  day  after  Christmas. 

At  least  I  won  some  money.  All  Major 
Paul  gets  is  a  couch  and  some  wallpaper. 
He  says  to  me,  "I've  wanted  to  be  on  ]eop- 
ardy!  my  whole  life.  Now  what's  my  goal 
going  to  be?" 

I  told  you  it  wasn't  fun. 

Oh,  by  the  way,  did  you  guess  the  cor- 
rect question  in  Final  Jeopardy?  For  those 
of  you  who  still  don't  have  a  clue,  let's  just 
say  that  any  notion  I  had  of  voting  for  Bill 
Clinton  went  right  out  the  window  when 
he  lost  me  $15,200.  He  should  have  adver- 
tised his  birth  name  in  tiny  print  at  the 
bottom  of  all  his  campaign  literature. 

Maybe  I  can  complain  to  the  Federal 
Elections  Commission.  ■ 


Butts  '77  is  a  journalist  and  free-lance  writer  living 
in  Barnc^iillc.  Georgia. 


DUKE 

Safe,  serious  weight  loss  through 

lifestyle  change.  Personalized  care  from 

Duke  physicians  and  health  professionals. 


Diet  and  Fitness  Center 

Duke  University  Medical  Center 
804  W.  Trinity  Avenue 
Durham,  NC  27701 

800-362-8446 


March-April    1993 


ARCHITECT 
FOR  A  NEW 


WORLD  ORDER 


The  exhilarating  images 
of  crowds  rushing 
through  the  Berlin  Wall 
and  Boris  Yeltsin  climb- 
ing onto  a  tank  during 
the  Soviet  coup  have 
given  way  to  nightly  re- 
ports of  slaughter  from 
Sarajevo,  Somalia,  and  Nagorno-Kara- 
bakh. The  collapse  of  Soviet  communism 
has  sparked  an  explosion  of  conflict 
between  ethnic  groups  in  Europe  and 
beyond,  bringing  renewed  urgency  to  an 
age-old  problem:  how  to  engineer  democ- 
racy and  reduce  antagonism  in  societies 
divided  by  race,  religion,  and  language. 

This  dilemma  is  nothing  new  to  Donald 
L.  Horowitz,  Charles  S.  Murphy  Professor 
of  Law  and  a  Duke  political  science  profes- 
sor. For  more  than  twenty-five  years, 
Horowitz  has  researched  severely  divided 
societies  and  ways  to  bring  about  multi- 
ethnic democracy.  In  1985,  he  published 
Ethnic  Groups  in  Conflict,  a  collection  of 
case  studies  and  prescriptions  for  dozens  of 
countries,  and  a  book  many  academics 
consider  the  definitive  work  on  the  sub- 
ject. Horowitz  continued  to  research  this 
theme  in  his  1991  book,  A  Democratic 
South  Africa?,  in  which  he  lays  out  options 
for  electoral  systems  designed  to  promote 
power-sharing  and  prevent  the  disenfran- 
chisement  of  minority  groups  in  what  is 
perhaps  the  world's  most  severely  divided 
country.  (The  book  won  the  Ralph 
Bunche  Award,  selected  by  the  American 
Political  Science  Association  as  the  best 
book  on  ethnic  and  cultural  pluralism.) 

Horowitz  gathers  his  information  by  in- 
terviewing politicians  and  policy-makers 
in  countries  all  over  the  world.  By  his  own 
count,  he  has  visited  nearly  thirty  coun- 
tries on  all  five  continents.  He  has  filled 
his  office  at  the  law  school  with  souvenirs 
of  his  travels — colorful  tapestries,  render- 
ings of  distant  Asian  landscapes,  and  a 
wooden  fan  painted  with  Chinese  calligra- 
phy decorate  the  walls — while  on  his 
bookshelf,    carved    wooden    figurines    sit 


DONALD  HOROWITZ 

BY  JAMES  SHIFFER 


According  to  a  Duke 

law  professor  and 

political  scientist,  ethnic 

conflict  often  occurs 

when  society  lacks 

bureaucratic  or  social 

structures  in  which  to 

express  political  desires 

and  dissatisfaction. 


among  tomes  on  labor  law  and  public  policy. 
While  these  travel  mementos  reflect  the 
happier  aspect  of  cultural  diversity,  Horowitz 
spends  his  time  researching  instances  where 
groups  of  humans  engage  in  slaughter  and 
oppression  because  they  perceive  each  other 
as  differently  constituted.  Ethnic  clashes  es- 
sentially stem  from  a  struggle  for  power,  he 
says,  and  he  gives  two  reasons  for  the  cur- 
rent surge  in  such  conflict  in  Eastern 
Europe.  First,  the  tensions  were  always  pre- 
sent in  countries  like  Yugoslavia  and  the 
former  Eastern  Bloc  states,  but  were  sup- 
pressed by  the  strong  central  communist 


authorities  in  power.  And  second,  the 
absence  of  power-sharing  possibilities  re- 
moved the  main  incentive  for  conflict. 

"Ethnic  conflict  tends  to  arise  when 
power  in  the  state  is  at  stake,"  Horowitz 
says.  "Under  communist  rule,  the  competi- 
tion for  power  was  pretty  limited,  as  it  was 
under  colonial  rule  in  Asia  and  Africa." 
Now  that  totalitarian  rule  has  vanished  in 
these  countries,  the  struggle  for  power  has 
become  quite  real.  Ethnic  tensions  are  no 
longer  contained  by  central  government. 
Horowitz  adds  that  the  problem  is  com- 
pounded by  the  mistaken  belief  that  the 
democratic  institutions  of  North  America 
and  Western  Europe  will  work  in  countries 
like  South  Africa,  Somalia,  and  Russia. 

"We've  just  been  through  an  exercise  in 
constitution-making  in  Africa  and  Eastern 
Europe,  and  what  you've  seen  is  once 
again  that  the  Americans  have  done  the 
same  thing:  to  be  happy  with  people  mimic- 
king the  American  Constitution.  In  severe- 
ly divided  societies,  this  is  just  plain  dumb." 

The  American  political  system  favors  the 
development  of  two  parties  and  operates 
on  a  plurality  system,  meaning  whichever 
candidate  or  party  receives  the  most  votes 
wins  the  seat  in  question.  Such  a  system  in 
South  Africa,  for  example,  would  allow  a 
black  majority  to  exclude  totally  the  white 
minority  from  power,  thus  creating  a  per- 
manently discontented  minority  and 
paving  the  way  to  unrest  between  groups. 

"Democracy  is  the  problem,  not  the 
solution,"  Horowitz  says.  "Democracy  is 
good  because  it  fosters  electoral  account- 
ability. But  if  the  A's  have  60  percent  of 
the  seats  in  a  parliamentary  system,  they 
have  all  the  power,  and  permanently  so. 
There  will  be  a  lot  of  democracy  for  the 
A's,  but  at  the  expense  of  the  B's.  So  you 
need  democracy  plus  institutions  that  are 
appropriately  geared  to  the  predicament  of 
severely  divided  societies." 

Horowitz  has  devoted  much  of  his  re- 
search toward  trying  to  determine  what 
these  institutions  might  be.  "I  think  I  saw 
early  on,  twenty-five  years  ago  or  more, 


40 


DUKE    MAGAZINE 


that  these  were  intractable 
problems,"  he  says.  "They 
didn't  have  any  clear  solutions. 
You  get  conflict  reduction, 
conflict  acceleration,  inter- 
ethnic  exacerbation  of  con- 
flict. I  am  interested  in  mak- 
ing things  better." 

The  theme  of  ethnic  con- 
flict came  to  Horowitz  com- 
pletely by  accident.  Searching 
for  a  dissertation  topic  as  a 
Harvard  graduate  student  in 
the  late  1960s,  he  met  a 
Guyanese  woman  at  a  party 
who  complained  that  commu- 
nists were  taking  over  her 
country.  The  subject  of  Marx- 
ism in  a  developing  country  was  immedi- 
ately appealing  to  him,  since  he  had  spent 
three  years  studying  Soviet  politics  but  did 
not  want  to  write  a  dissertation  about  the 
Soviet  Union.  "I  went  to  the  library  and 
got  out  all  the  books  on  Guyana.  I  stayed 
up  all  night,  and  within  three  hours,  I  real- 
ized that  the  problem  was  not  Marxism, 
but  ethnic  conflict." 

"When  I  started  working  on  this,  there 
was  practically  nothing  to  read,"  he  says. 
"People  who  knew  about  Malaysia  knew  it 
was  a  problem,  people  who  knew  about  Sri 
Lanka  knew  it  was  a  problem — it  was 
country  by  country.  I  had  to  construct  the 
materials  from  scratch." 

According  to  Horowitz,  ethnic  conflict 
often  comes  about  as  the  result  of  simplifi- 
cation, meaning  the  society  lacks  other 
bureaucratic  or  social  structures  in  which 
to  express  political  desires  and  dissatisfac- 
tion. And  so  all  issues  become  issues  of 
ethnicity.  He  says  that  the  civil  war  in  the 
former  Yugoslavia  presents  a  classic  case  of 
politicians,  both  Serb  and  Croat,  playing 
on  deep-seated,  violently  divisive  notions 
of  ethnicity.  Each  ethnic  group  in  the  area 
is  still  trying  to  fulfill  outdated  notions  of 
self-determination  developed  by  Woodrow 
Wilson  after  the  first  World  War. 

While  Yugoslavia's  history  of  ethnic 
massacres  and  particularly  volatile  ethnic 
composition  made  it  one  of  the  first  ex- 
communist  states  to  implode,  Horowitz 
sees  these  same  destabilizing  tendencies  in 
most  of  the  Eastern  European  countries.  He 
paints  a  bleak  scenario  of  discontent  on  the 
part  of  Hungarian  minorities  in  Slovakia 
and  Romania;  heightened  oppression  of 
the  Roma,  more  commonly  known  as  the 
Gypsies,  in  Romania  and  Poland;  and  con- 
tinued ethnic  warfare  in  Moldovia,  Azer- 
baijan, and  the  rest  of  the  Caucasus. 

Horowitz  is  skeptical  about  efforts  to 
reduce  ethnic  tensions  with  secessionist 
movements,  redrawn  international  bor- 
ders, or  assurances  that  a  certain  ethnic 
group  always  has  a  certain  percentage  of 


In  severely 

divided  societies, 

mimicking  the 

American  Constitution 

"is  just  plain  dumb." 


Frequent  flyer:  Horowitz's  research  translates  into 
constant  travel.  In  Kuala  Lumpur  (top  and  right) ,  he 
discovered  the  wonders  of  Malaysian  cuisine,  while  a 
trip  to  Ghana  included  a  visit  with  the  chief  of  Bonwere . 

the  power.  All  of  these  measures  perpetu- 
ate ethnic  conflict,  he  argues,  because 
states  can  never  eliminate  ethnic  hetero- 
geneity, and  minority  ethnic  groups  will 
always  be  disenfranchised  unless  the  basic 
power  structures  force  politicians  to  appeal 
across  ethnic  lines.  Horowitz  favors  elec- 
toral systems  that  encourage  power  sharing 
at  the  center  and  inter-ethnic  accommo- 
dation— designing  governments  and  legis- 
latures so  that  one  ethnic  group  cannot 
take  power  at  the  expense  of  another. 

Although  ethnic  conflict  frequently  fol- 
lows a  similar  pattern  in  widely  disparate 
countries,  Horowitz  does  not  have  one 
strategy  for  reducing  the  ethnic  problems 
of  every  country.  Rather,  his  prescriptions 
respond  to  the  ethnic  and  political  circum- 
stances of  each  country  he  researches. 
"The  question  is,  which  system  would  per- 


mit the  emergence  of  moder- 
ates, inter-ethnic  compromis- 
ers, and  foster  that  tendency 
in  the  electoral  process,  and 
which  system  would  encour- 
age ethnic  extremism  in  the 
electoral  process?" 

The  problem  is 
complicated  by  the 
necessity  for  good 
timing:  Politicians 
and  policy  makers 
will  only  change 
if  it  jibes  with 
their  self-interest. 
"The  one  thing 
you  notice  is  that 
I'm  not  interested 
in  pie-in-the-sky 
solutions," 
Horowitz  says. 
"I'm  only  interested  in  the  kinds  of  poli- 
cies, institutions,  and  techniques  to  reduce 
conflict  that  have  a  chance  of  finding 
favor  because  they're  in  the  interest  of  the 
politicians  and  the  decision-makers  to 
whom  they're  addressed." 

Politicians  seek  changes  when  overcom- 
ing a  disaster,  such  as  a  civil  war,  or  when 
they  are  framing  new  political  institutions, 
Horowitz  says.  As  an  example  of  the  latter, 
he  cites  the  African  National  Congress' 
reaction  to  his  prescriptions  in  A  Democratic 
South  Africa?.  "The  African  National  Con- 
gress was  interested  in  hearing  out  people 
with  several  different  approaches,  and  I 
was  one  of  the  people  they  contacted.  We 
had  a  long  conference  call  with  the  ANC 
Constitutional  Committee  meeting,  at  which 
I  urged  some  of  these  ideas." 

The  theme  of  the  conversation  was  how 
to  ensure  a  functioning,  representative  gov- 
ernment in  South  Africa.  Horowitz  sug- 
gested a  requirement  that  future  govern- 
ments be  composed  of  more  than  one  party 
and  an  alternative  vote  system — meaning 
that  voters  cast  their  ballots  with  a  list  of 
preferences,  and  if  their  first  preference  is  a 
loser,  their  second  or  third  preferences  will 
be  redistributed  until  one  candidate  has  an 
absolute  majority.  Such  a  system,  Horowitz 
argues,  would  encourage  candidates  to  seek 
multi-ethnic  support.  Coalitions  would  be 
formed  on  the  basis  of  inter-ethnic  com- 
promise, rather  than  race  or  ethnicity. 

The  ANC  decided  not  to  adopt  any  of 
Horowitz's  recommendations,  believing 
that  it  could  achieve  power  without  resort- 
ing to  such  measures,  according  to 
Horowitz.  "This  is  an  example  of  politi- 
cians who  don't  need  to  respond  to  those 
proposals  based  on  their  interest,  because 
they  see  their  interest  being  in  other 
areas."  More  recently,  Horowitz  adds,  the 
ANC  has  begun  to  consider  anew  the  idea 
of  power  sharing. 


Ma; 


April    19  9  3 


41 


Horowitz  refers  to  Nigeria  as  a  successful 
example  of  adapting  an  electoral  system  to 
a  multi-ethnic  society.  After  years  of  fight- 
ing, the  various  ethnic  groups  in  Nigeria 
agreed  in  1978  to  adopt  a  presidential 
electoral  system  in  which  candidates 
would  have  to  receive  a  plurality  of  votes, 
and  at  least  25  percent  of  the  votes  in  two- 
thirds  of  the  states.  The  second  provision 
was  added  because  each  state  had  a  differ- 
ent ethnic  composition:  A  minority  group 
in  one  state  was  a  majority  in  another. 
Candidates  who  wanted  to  be  elected  in 
that  system  would  have  to  appeal  to  ethnic 
groups  other  than  their  own. 

The  reason  that  all  ethnic  groups  agreed 
to  this  reform  was  simple:  Every  ethnic  group 
was  afraid  of  becoming  the  next  victim  of 
reprisals  and  massacres,  Horowitz  says.  The 
winning  candidate  of  the  1979  Nigerian 
election,  Shehu  Shagari,  actually  ruled  in  a 
pan-ethnic  fashion,  exactly  as  planned. 

"So  this  is  a  case  of  something  that  really 
worked,"  Horowitz  says.  But  the  legislature 
was  elected  on  a  more  traditionally  Anglo- 
American  basis,  with  ethnically  homoge- 


INTO  THE  FIELD 

To  understand  how  Profes- 
sor Donald  L.  Horowitz 
manages  to  maintain  a 
half-dozen  research  projects, 
numerous  lecture  engage- 
ments, membership  on  several 
committees,  and  to  teach  both 
graduate  and  law  students,  one 
need  only  hear  him  talk:  He 
delivers  a  high-velocity  stream 
of  conclusions  about  every- 
thing from  immigration  policies 
to  voting  systems  to  the  pre- 
eminence of  Malaysian  cuisine. 

Even  while  he  sits,  Horowitz 
is  constantly  in  motion — 
stretching  his  arms,  rocking 
forward  and  back,  raising  his 
voice  to  punctuate  his  state- 
ments. He  peppers  his  speech 
with  references  to  historical 
events  such  as  the  Burundi 
massacres,  the  Biafra  secession- 
ist movement  in  Nigeria,  and 
the  Bangladesh  war,  but  he 
manages  to  weave  them  into  a 
coherent  comparative  formula 
that  is  engaging  and  immediate, 
even  to  the  neophyte. 

In  order  to  gather  the  raw 
materials  for  his  research  in 
public  policy,  Horowitz  keeps 
a  frenetic  travel  schedule  as 
well:  In  1992-93,  it  was  Russia 
in  November,  Hungary  in 
December,  Thailand  and 
Malaysia  in  January,  and 
Poland  in  March. 

"It's  very  important  to  do 
field  work  and  to  live  in  other 
countries,"  Horowitz  says. 
"There  are  people  who  do 
wooden  studies  of  this  problem 
based  on  aggregate  data, 


neous  constituencies.  "There  were  no  in- 
centives to  compromise  with  members  of 
other  groups,  and  the  legislatures  behaved 
abominably  in  the  area  of  ethnic  relations. 
So  you  see  an  example  of  a  case  where  one 
set  of  institutions  can  cancel  out  another. 
You  need  a  coherent  package." 

The  danger  of  not  recognizing  the  prob- 
lem of  ethnicity  in  nascent  democracies  is 
evident  in  such  countries  as  Croatia,  he 
says,  where  the  Croats  drafted  a  constitu- 
tion designed  to  make  Serbs  second-class 


New  York 
Times  accounts 
and  so  forth, 
that  they  com- 
pute, and  the 
stuff  doesn't 
make  sense." 

Coping  with 
jet  lag  and  lost 
luggage  does 
not  appeal  to 
every  acade- 
mic. "In  order  to 


do  this  kind 


of  comparative  work,  which  is 
often  severely  frustrating,  you 
have  to  have  a  taste  for  the 
exotic,"  he  says. 

The  frustration  lies  partly  in 
the  difficulty  of  transcending 
cultural  barriers  and  assuring 
politicians  of  his  innocent 
intentions.  "A  politician 
doesn't  know  why  you're  ask- 
ing, and  he  doesn't  know 
what's  in  it  for  him,  so  he  gives 
you  some  eyewash,"  he  says. 
"You  have  to  make  another 
appointment.  You  come  back 
and  you  get  more  eyewash." 

A  field  worker  must  have 
a  nuanced  understanding  of 
cultural  traits  and  customs  to 
succeed,  Horowitz  says.  "With 
Chinese  Malaysians,  for  exam- 
ple, you  often  have  to  prove 
how  much  you  know  already 
and  that  you're  persistent. 
On  the  tenth  visit,  you  may  get 
what  you  want.  That  makes  it 
damn  hard.  The  traffic  in 
Kuala  Lumpur  is  terrible.  If 
you  have  to  come  back  ten 
times,  you  put  yourself  in  a 
real  pickle." 


Thinking  globally :  Through  repeated  visits  c 
persistence,  Horowitz  (right)  has  earned  the  mist  of 
such  politicians  as  Tunka  Abdul  Rahman,  the  first 
prime  minister  of  Malaysia. 


In  contrast,  field  work  is 
easier  in  India,  he  says,  since 
Indians  are  more  loquacious 
and  tend  to  express  their  opin- 
ions readily,  even  to  strangers. 

Horowitz  is  accompanied  on 
his  longer  trips  by  his  wife, 
Judith,  who  is  associate  dean 
for  international  studies  at 
Duke's  law  school.  She  also 
takes  trips  of  her  own,  most 
recently  to  Copenhagen  and 
Barcelona  to  do  work  for  the 
law  school  and  Duke's  Fuqua 
School  of  Business. 

Even  with  his  frequent  jaunts 
overseas,  Horowitz  cannot  pos- 
sibly visit  every  country  he 
studies  in  his  research.  For 
these  countries,  he  uses  all  the 
data  he  can  gather  here  with 
the  categories  he  has  already 
generated.  Years  of  experience 
with  comparative  work  allow 
Horowitz  to  plug  new  countries 
into  his  categories  fairly  easily, 
he  says.  "I've  been  lucky 
enough  to  meet  a  lot  of  people 
from  those  countries  [I  haven't 
visited],  so  I  can  test  things  on 
them  and  make  sure  that  what 
I've  said  is  not  off  the  wall." 


'  citizens.  Such  measures  do  not  bode  well 
for  the  survival  of  democracy  in  these 
countries.  "I  think  that  there  are  plenty  of 
opportunities  for  regression  to  other  forms 
of  government  in  newly-democratizing 
countries.  It  will  stick  in  some  countries 
that  are  lucky  enough  to  get  the  right 
institutions  or  not  to  have  such  serious 
problems....  There's  been  a  real  recession 
in  democracy  in  Russia  in  the  last  couple 
of  months,  and  some  African  countries  are 
not  going  to  make  it." 

Nor  can  Western  countries 
impose  democracy  from  without, 
according  to  Horowitz.  Western 
military  intervention  in  ethnic 
clashes  can  help  separate  armies 
and  deliver  food,  for  example, 
but  democtacy  and  peace  will 
not  come  about  until  the  country 
itself  is  ready  for  it.  On  the  other 
hand,  the  West  can  help  ensure 
that  when  such  a  decision  is 
made,  the  country  chooses  the 
correct  political  structures;  the 
West  should  therefore  serve  as  a 
persistent,  active  purveyor  of  ex- 
pertise about  strategies  of  reduc- 
ing ethnic  turmoil,  he  says. 

To  this  end,  Horowitz  partici- 
pates in  a  number  of  interna- 
tional bodies,  including  two 
Massachusetts-based  organiza- 
tions, the  Conflict  Management 
Group  and  the  Strengthening 
Democratic  Institutions  Project, 
both  of  which  are  working  in  Russia,  and 
the  Council  on  Ethnic  Accord,  which 
recently  held  conferences  on  the  plight  of 
the  Roma  people  in  Eastern  Europe. 

Horowitz's  intellectual  interests  extend 
beyond  the  topic  of  ethnic  conflict,  and 
he  juggles  several  different  projects  at 
once.  He  has  written  books  on  govern- 
ment lawyers,  military  coups,  and  the 
courts  and  social  policy,  and  has  co-edited 
a  new  book  on  the  immigrant  experience 
in  the  United  States  and  France.  He  is 
writing  books  on  ethnic  riots  and  compar- 
ative legal  change  in  Islamic  systems. 

In  1989,  Horowitz  testified  before  the 
U.S.  Senate  Committee  for  Foreign  Rela- 
tions about  ethnic  problems  in  the  Soviet 
Union.  Still,  he  sounds  a  bit  dubious 
about  whether  policy  makers  have  begun 
to  hear  his  message.  Even  academics  have 
been  slow  to  catch  on. 

"You  can  count  the  people  working  on 
electoral  systems  for  inter-ethnic  accom- 
modation on  the  fingers  of  one  hand,  even 
after  two  fingers  have  been  amputated,"  he 
says  with  a  smile.  "Of  course,  even  the 
people  working  on  it  disagtee."  I 


Shifter  is  a  free-lance  writer  tiling  in  Durham. 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


hy  do  they  do 
it?  Jed  Rose 
wondered. 
As  an  asth- 
matic ten-year- 
o  1  d  ,    Rose 


w 

«#      ^#  grew  up  in  a 

^  ^  household 

tilled  with  cigarette  smoke,  and  watched 

his  father's  health  decline  until  he  died  of 

a  heart  attack. 

Why  do  they  do  it?  he  won- 
dered as  a  young  researcher 
learning  that  300,000  Ameri- 
cans die  prematurely  each  year 
because  of  their  tobacco  habits. 
What  makes  people  love  smok- 
ing so  much  that  they  can't  quit, 
no  matter  how  sick  they  get? 

Thirty  years  after  his  father's 
death,  Rose  now  devotes  all  his 
time  to  answering  that  question 
at  Duke's  Nicotine  Research 
Laboratory.  The  first  decade  of 
his  research  culminated  in  his 
invention  of  the  nicotine  patch. 
One  of  the  most  dramatic 
breakthroughs  in  the  campaign 
against  tobacco  addiction,  the 
patch  is  expected  to  reach 
$1  billion  in  sales  this  year.  And 
Rose  has  half  a  dozen  equally  promising 
inventions  on  his  workbench. 

"I  realize  that  there's  nothing  I  can  do  to 
turn  the  clock  back  and  help  my  father," 
Rose  says,  "but  I  do  tie  my  research  to  a 
personal  experience."  The  older  man's 
love  of  science  was  at  least  as  important  as 
his  addiction  in  influencing  Jed  Rose's 
career.  A  doctor  himself,  he  encouraged 
Jed  and  his  three  older  brothers  to  play  sci- 
entific games  when  they  were  growing  up 
near  San  Francisco. 

All  tour  Rose  boys  went  on  to  get 
advanced  degrees:  Jed  earned  his  bache- 
lor's in  physics  at  the  University  of  Cali- 
fornia-Berkeley, and  his  Ph.D.  in  neuro- 
science  at  UC-San  Diego  before  going  into 
psychopharmacology  at  UC-Los  Angeles; 


HELPING 

SMOKERS 

QUIT 

JED  ROSE 


BY  LAIRD  HARRISON 

Seth  Rose  is  researching  DNA;  Lance 
Rose  helped  locate  a  moon  of  Jupiter;  and 
Dan  Rose,  a  family  physician,  helped  Jed 
think  up  the  nicotine  patch. 

Dan  was  visiting  Southern  California  in 
19S1  when  Jed  was  studying  nicotine  at 


Fueled  in  part  by  a 

personal  loss,  a  Duke 

psychophannacologist 

invented  one  of  the  most 

dramatic  breakthroughs 

in  the  campaign  against 

tobacco  addiction,  the 

nicotine  patch. 


UCLA.  As  the  two  drove  to  visit  some 
cousins,  conversation  turned  to  nicotine 
gum.  It's  generally  agreed  that  nicotine  is 
the  main  substance  that  gets  people 
addicted  to  cigarettes. 

Nicotine  gum  was  designed  to  eliminate 
the  withdrawal  symptoms — irritability, 
headaches,  dizziness,  sweating — that  smok- 
ers experience  when  they  quit.  But  the 
gum  wasn't  working  very  well.  Some  re- 
searchers believed  that  smokers 
5  preferred  to  get  their  nicotine 

0  from  cigarettes  because  the  drug 

1  gets  to  their  brain  faster,  in  a 
|  few  seconds  versus  a  halt-hour 
c  from  the  gum. 

I  Jed  disagreed  with  that  theo- 
|  ry.  He  believed  the  gum  didn't 

work  well  because  smokers 
missed  the  taste  of  tobacco  and 
the  feel  of  smoke  in  their 
throats  and  lungs,  and  because 
the  gum  tastes  bad  and  upsets 
people's  stomachs.  Dan  re- 
sponded that  maybe  Jed  should 
try  a  skin  patch.  Patches  had 
been  used  successfully  for  the 
motion  sickness  medication 
scopolamine. 

The  idea  of  a  patch,  he  says, 
excited  him  right  away.  He 
that  nicotine  could  be  absorbed 
through  the  skin.  In  fact,  that's  the  way 
people  have  gotten  an  overdose  of  the 
drug;  tobacco  harvesters  sometimes  get  an 
ailment  called  "green  tobacco  sickness" 
just  from  handling  the  wet  leaves.  Scien- 
tists believe  that  the  tobacco  plant  emits 
nicotine  as  a  natural  pesticide.  ("The 
tobacco  plant  is  absolutely  brilliant,"  says 
Rose,  quoting  his  colleague  Murray  Jarvik. 
"It  keeps  animals  from  eating  it  and,  at  the 
same  time,  it  makes  people  grow  it.") 

But  in  the  small  doses  that  smokers  con- 
sume, nicotine  itself  has  never  been  shown 
to  cause  health  problems.  It's  the  tar  that 
causes  cancer  (studies  are  still  under  way 
to  determine  whether  tar  or  nicotine — or 
both — are  implicated  in  heart  disease)  and 


March-April    1993 


4? 


the  other  ailments  associated  with  smok- 
ing. By  controlling  the  dosage  of  nicotine 
through  the  membrane  of  a  skin  patch, 
Rose  says,  you  keep  it  at  a  safe  level.  Grad- 
ually reducing  dosage,  you  could  wean 
smokers  off  their  addiction.  "It  seemed  like 
the  kind  of  thing  that  really  ought  to  be 
tried  as  soon  as  possible,"  he  says.  So  as 
soon  as  he  got  back  to  the  lab,  he  set  up 
some  experiments — starting  on  himself. 

Up  to  that  point,  Rose  says,  he'd  never 
experienced  the  effects  of  nicotine.  "I  don't 
think  I  had  even  puffed  on  a  cigarette, 
ever."  Still,  he  needed  to  know  something 
about  nicotine  and  how  it  goes  through 
the  skin.  So  he  started  with  a  quarter  of  a 
milligram  and  kept  increasing  the  dosage. 
Approaching  nine  milligrams,  he  could 
detect  nicotine  in  his  saliva.  He  had  a 
higher  pulse  rate  and  blood  pressure  reading. 

From  there  it  was  a  matter  of  assembling 
a  patch  and  trying  it  out.  Once  the  patch- 
es were  made,  studies  began  confirming 
the  Rose  brothers'  hunch.  In  one  study, 
26  percent  of  the  patients  using  a  nicotine 
patch  were  able  to  quit  for  twelve  weeks, 
versus  only  3  percent  using  a  placebo 
patch.  Both  groups  used  their  patches  for 
four  months.  At  the  end  of  the  year, 
1 1  percent  of  those  who  had  used  the  real 
patch  were  still  abstaining,  versus  2  per- 
cent of  those  with  the  placebo. 


In  the  doses  consumed  by 

smokers,  nicotine  itself 

doesn't  cause  health 

problems.  It's  the  tar 

that  causes  cancer,  heart 

disease,  and  the  other 

ailments  associated 

with  smoking. 


Tobacco  addicts  are  not  the  only  people 
who  may  someday  benefit  from  the  inven- 
tion. Like  most  chemicals,  nicotine  has 
helpful  as  well  as  harmful  uses.  "The  Indi- 
ans have  a  long  history  of  medicinal  uses 
of  nicotine,"  says  Ed  Levin,  a  researcher 
who  came  with  Rose  from  UCLA.  "People 
have  gotten  away  from  that  in  their  habit- 
ual use." 

Nicotine  is  highly  addictive.  An  over- 
dose can  cause  convulsions,  paralysis,  and 
heart  attacks,  yet  smokers  say  they  feel 
more  relaxed  and  concentrate  better  when 


they're  puffing.  And  nicotine  helps  people 
lose  weight,  perhaps  by  speeding  metabolism. 
They  perform  better  on  standardized  tests. 
Levin  has  found  that  laboratory  rats  can 
find  their  way  through  mazes  better  when 
they  get  a  shot  of  the  drug. 

Levin  says  that  nicotine  may  help  com- 
pensate for  memory  loss  caused  by 
Alzheimer's  disease.  The  drug  is  particular- 
ly promising  because  most  drugs  that 
enhance  cognitive  functions  lose  their 
effects  after  people  using  them  develop  a 
tolerance.  Nicotine  keeps  on  working,  and 
there's  even  slight  evidence  that  nicotine 
can  help  the  brain  repair  damage  caused 
by  the  disease.  The  chemical  might  also  be 
used  for  weight  reduction  or  as  a  treatment 
for  attention  deficit  disorder. 

Does  this  mean  going  back  to  your 
Marlboros  will  make  you  a  slim  genius? 
Well,  maybe  a  slim,  dead  genius.  Tobacco 
will  still  give  you  cancer  and  everything 
else  you've  heard  about  from  the  Surgeon 
General.  "It's  hard  to  get  the  message 
across  that  we're  not  in  favor  of  smoking, 
but  there  may  be  some  beneficial  effects  of 
nicotine,"  says  Levin.  "Clearly,  smoking  is 
not  a  good  way  to  get  nicotine." 

Despite  Levin's  hopes,  he  warns  that  no 
one  should  use  the  nicotine  patch  for  any- 
thing but  kicking  the  tobacco  habit.  Until 
the  drug  has  been  studied  on  Alzheimer's 


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Since  the  late  1800s,  the  Duke  family  name 
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and  achievement.  Today  the  tradition  con- 
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offers  171  luxurious  guest  rooms  and  suites. 
Play  a  round  of  golf  on  a  championship 
course  designed  by  Robert  Trent  Jones. 
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Fairview  Restaurant.  Relax  with  a  drink 
and  good  conversation  at  the  Bull  Durham 
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or  planning  a  getaway  you'll  feel  like  a 
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DUKE   MAGAZINE 


patients,  there's  no  way  to  know  what  it 
would  do  to  them. 

While  Levin  seeks  new  uses  tor  the 
tobacco  patch,  Rose  is  still  wrestling  with 
the  question  that  got  him  started  in  nico- 
tine research.  If  nicotine  is  the  addictive 
substance  in  tobacco,  then  people  getting 
nicotine  from  the  patch  should  lose  their 
taste  for  the  weed.  But  the  majority  of  peo- 
ple who  use  the  patch  can't  stop  smoking. 

Why  do  they  do  it?  Rose  says  he  thinks 
part  of  the  reason  is  that  nicotine  works  by 
stimulating  nerve  receptors.  The  nicotine 
dosage  in  the  patch  only  reaches  a  portion 
of  the  receptors  available.  A  larger  dosage  of 
nicotine  in  the  patch  has  not  yet  been 
approved.  But  since  some  receptors  are 
available,  smokers  can  get  an  added  nicotine 
thrill  from  smoking  while  using  the  patch. 

Rose  may  have  the  solution,  a  new  patch 
that  combines  with  mecamylamine,  an 
agent  that  blocks  the  same  type  of  receptors 
that  are  stimulated  by  nicotine.  Using 
enough  mecamylamine  to  block  all  the 
receptors  would  put  the  smoker  into  nico- 
tine withdrawal.  Combining  mecamylamine 
with  nicotine  will 
prevent  withdrawal 
symptoms  while  tak- 
ing the  nicotine  plea- 
sure away  from  smok- 
ing. At  least  that's 
the  theory. 

If    that    doesn't 
work,  Rose  is  attack- 
ing the  problem  from 
another  angle.  He  has 
long  believed  that 
the  pleasure  of  smok- 
ing comes  not  just 
from  nicotine,  but 
from  the  sensation   Safe  puff:  Rose  samples 
and    ritual,    he    says,    his  latest  development,  a 
He  is  trying  to  dupli-   cigarette  substitute  that 
cate  some  of  that  with  Mwers  a  harmless,  citric 
his  substitute  ciga-  aadm,st 
rette.  All  you  get  from  puffing  on  this  ciga- 
rette-sired white  tube  is  a  fine  spray  of  cit- 
ric acid  producing  a  slight  tingle,  like  the 
sting  of  a  carbonated  beverage. 

"Tingle!"  says  Rose.  "That's  the  word  I 
was  trying  to  remember."  He's  already 
called  it  a  "scratch,"  a  "warm  fullness,"  and 
"almost  pressure."  The  pleasure  of  hot 
tobacco  smoke  in  the  throat  and  lungs  is 
hard  to  describe.  It's  even  harder  to  simulate. 

That  won't  stop  Rose  from  trying.  After 
all,  it  took  him  ten  yeats  to  perfect  the 
nicotine  patch.  "He's  persistent,"  says  his 
wife  and  co-researcher,  the  French-born 
Frederique  Behm.  "He  doesn't  give  up." 

For  those  who  just  can't,  or  won't,  give  it 
up,  Rose  has  yet  another  answer:  a  safer 
cigarette — one  with  less  tar  and  nicotine, 
but  with  a  higher  ratio  of  nicotine  to  tar. 
The  tar  would  burn  with  larger  particles 


An  extreme  overdose  of 
nicotine  can  cause 

convulsions  and  paralysis, 

yet  smokers  say  they  feel 
more  relaxed  and 

concentrate  better  when 
they're  puffing. 


that  would  produce  more  sensation  in  the 
throat  and  lungs  when  inhaled.  The  hope 
is  that  it  would  feel  like  smoking  a  regular 
cigarette,  but  do  less  damage  to  the  smoker. 
Rose  is  also  working  to  develop  a  nicotine 


inhaler  that  would  eliminate  tar  altogether. 

Rose  treads  a  narrow  line  with  products 
like  this,  keeping  dialogue  open  with  both 
tobacco  companies  and  the  health  estab- 
lishment. At  work  in  a  university  built  by 
a  tobacco  tycoon,  he's  trying  to  get  people 
to  use  less  tobacco.  So  far,  that  irony 
hasn't  affected  his  work,  he  says.  And 
while  he  would  gladly  accept  money  for 
his  research  from  tobacco  companies,  none 
have  offered  him  any. 

Anti-smoking  activists  frown  on  the 
idea  of  a  medical  researcher  inventing  any 
kind  of  tobacco  cigarette,  says  Rose, 
because  they  don't  believe  any  research 
should  be  devoted  to  something  that 
might  encourage  people  to  keep  smoking. 
"They  forget,"  he  says,  "that  the  ultimate 
goal  might  be  to  save  lives."  ■ 

Harrison  is  a  free-lance  writer  living  in  Oakland, 
California. 


PATENT,  PATENT,  WHO'S  GOT  THE  PATENT? 


s  Jed  Rose  neared  com- 
pletion of  the  i 
patch,  the  University  of 
California-Los  Angeles  began 
to  see  dollar  signs.  Since  Rose 
was  on  the  faculty  there  when 
he  did  most  of  his  work,  the 
school  stood  to  collect  more 
than  half  the  royalties  from  the 
sale  of  the  patent  to  a  drug 
company.  But  filing  its  patent 
application  in  April  1985,  the 
university  found  it  had  already 
been  beaten  to  the  punch. 

Unknown  to  Rose,  a  man 
living  a  few  hundred  miles 
away  had  also  thought  of  a 
nicotine  patch.  Back  in  the  late 
1970s,  psychology  professor 
Frank  Etscorn  was  working  on 
flavor  aversion  in  his  lab  at  the 
New  Mexico  Institute  of  Min- 
ing and  Technology.  Flavor 
aversion  works  like  this:  If  you 
give  a  rat  some  saccharine, 
then  make  the  rat  nauseated,  it 
won't  eat  saccharine  again.  "I 
was  on  a  search  for  a  very  pow- 
erful nauseation,"  Etscorn  says. 


He  found  it.  In  the  course  of 
an  experiment,  he  spilled  some 
nicotine  on  his  own  skin.  Soon 
he  felt  dizzy  and  sick  to  his 
stomach.  Suddenly,  a  new  pos- 
sibility for  nicotine  occurred  to 
him.  "I  was  aware  of  a  patch 
used  for  motion  sickness,  and 
nicotine  gum.  I  just  simply 
said,  let's  put  it  together." 

Etscorn  and  his  colleagues 
went  to  work  on  inventing  a 
nicotine  patch.  "We  had  some 
very  good  prototypes,"  he  says. 
But  New  Mexico  Tech  is  a 
small  school  and  Etscorn 
couldn't  find  the  money  for 
tests  on  human  subjects  to 
prove  his  idea  worked.  So  he 
and  New  Mexico  Tech  applied 
for  a  patent  and  waited.  Sure 
enough,  once  the  patent  was 
approved  in  1986,  "we  had  a 
number  of  drug-company  suit- 
ors show  up." 

Who  really  invented  the 
nicotine  patch?  With  a  poten- 
tial for  billions  of  dollars  in 
sales,  the  question  is  more  than 
academic.  Etscorn  and  New 
Mexico  Tech  got  to  the  patent 
office  three  months  before 
Rose  and  University  of  Califor- 
nia. In  many  countries,  that 
would  settle  the  question  of 
rights  to  manufacture  and  sell 
the  patch.  But  in  the  United 
States,  the  patent  rights  belong 
to  whoever  actually  did  the 
work  on  the  invention. 

The  University  of  California 
got  a  patent  on  some  of  the 
technology  developed  by  Rose. 
Now  it's  trying  to  get  rights  to 
the  whole  thing,  claiming  that 
while  Etscorn  may  have  had  a 
good  idea,  Rose  did  the  real 
work.  The  patent  office  has 


granted  the  University  of  Cali- 
fornia an  "interference," 
meaning  it  will  consider  these 
claims.  So  the  two  institutions 
are  scrambling  to  document 
the  work  of  the  rival  inventors. 

To  cover  its  bases,  the  Ciba- 
Geigy  Corporation  got  licenses 
from  both  universities  to  make 
and  sell  the  patch.  The  Food 
and  Drug  Administration 
approved  the  patch  for  sale  in 
November  1991.  Since  then, 
Ciba-Geigy  has  sold  about 
$400  million  worth,  and  it 
expects  to  take  in  as  much  as 
$  1  billion  a  year  from  now. 

Naturally,  the  other  drug 
companies  of  the  world  don't 
want  to  be  left  out  of  the 
action.  Three  are  selling  their 
own  versions.  Ciba-Geigy  has 
sued  two  of  them,  claiming 
that  their  patches  are  not  sig- 
nificantly different  from  the 
Rose/Etscorn  version,  and 
some  of  these  rival  manufac- 
turers have  sued  each  other. 

So  far.  Rose  hasn't  received  a 
penny  from  all  these  millions. 
According  to  his  contract,  he's 
supposed  to  get  a  portion  of 
whatever  the  University  of 
California  takes  in,  minus 
administrative  costs  and 
expenses.  Not  that  he's  com- 
plaining. When  he  does  get 
paid,  he  expects  enough  money 
that  he  "could  almost  retire," 
although,  he  says,  he  wouldn't. 
"My  research  is  so  rewarding 
that  I'd  continue  regardless  of 
financial  rewards." 


March-April    1993 


BEATING 
CHEATING 


An  academic  honor  code  for  under- 
graduates that  requires  Duke  stu- 
dents to  help  enforce  prohibitions 
against  cheating  was  approved  in  a  March 
student  referendum  and  endorsed  by  the 
Arts  and  Sciences  and  School  of  Engineer- 
ing faculty  councils. 

The  new  code,  which  will  be  imple- 
mented this  fall,  will  differ  from  the  current 
Duke  Student  Honor  Commitment:  It  will 
require  students  to  confront  those  they  see 


cheating  and  report  incidents  of  cheating 
to  their  class  instructor  and  the  appropriate 
dean.  Undergraduates  will  be  required  to 
sign  the  honor  code  when  they  apply  for 
admission  to  Duke  and  again  each  time 
they  take  a  test  or  turn  in  a  paper. 

A  committee  was  established  by  Presi- 
dent Brodie  last  spring  to  study  the  possi- 
bility of  strengthening  Duke's  honor  com- 
mitment after  students  had  voiced  concern 
over  the  amount  of  cheating  on  campus 
David  Kraines,  associate  professor  of  math- 
ematics, and  Bruce  Payne,  lecturer  for  pub- 
lic policy  studies,  worked  to  shape  the  pri 
man-  document  for  the  new  honor  code 


CLINTON'S  SCIENCE  ADVISER 


When  we  last 
interviewed 
JohnH. 
Gibbons  Ph.D.  '54 
[Duke  Magazine, 
July-August  1986],  he 
told  us  about  the  early 
lessons  he  learned  of 
the  political  world. 
During  his  days  in  the 
White  House  energy 
office,  he  found  that 
his  director  (and  the 
director's  office  furni- 
ture) had  been  re- 
placed over  the  course 
of  a  weekend.  That 
experience,  he  said, 
left  him  "with  a  kind 
of  insecure  feeling 
about  how  much  you 
can  count  on  the 
future." 

Gibbons  shouldn't 
have  worried:  His 
political  savvy  has 
paid  off.  For  thirteen 
years  as  director  of  the 
Congressional  Office 
of  Technology  Assess- 
ment, he  dealt  with 
technology  issues  in  a 
public  policy  setting. 
Now,  he's  been  ap- 
pointed by  President 
Bill  Clinton  to  be  his 
top  adviser  for  science 
and  technology. 

Gibbons  will  tenta- 
tively have  the  title 
assistant  to  the  presi- 
dent for  science  and 
technology.  He  has 
also  been  appointed 


TRACKING 

TECHNOLOGY'S 

TRENDS 


director  of  the  White 
House  Office  of  Sci- 
ence and  Technology 
Policy,  a  post  for 
which  he  was  con- 
firmed by  the  Senate 
in  early  February. 
Gibbons'  relationship 
with  Vice  President  Al 
Gore  is  expected  to  be 
close,  not  only 
because  Gore  has 
been  charged  with 
being  Clinton's  tech- 
nology "czar,"  but 
also  because  Gibbons 
has  known  Gore  since 
he  worked  at  the  Oak 
Ridge  National  Labo- 
ratory and  the  Univer- 
sity of  Tennessee  in 
the  1970s. 

"In  making  these 
very  complex  deci- 
sions about  the  econ- 
omy and  the  environ- 
ment, about  what  can 
be  done  today  and 
what  must  be  done 
tomorrow,  it  is  pro- 


foundly important 
that  the  president 
have  a  science  adviser 
who  understands 
science,  who  under- 
stands technology, 
who  understands  the 
practical  application 
of  these  disciplines  to 
the  myriad  of  prob- 
lems we  face 
today,"  Clinton 
said  at  a  press 


more  glowing  and 
consistent  recommen- 
dations for  anyone." 

Speaking  at  the 
press  conference,  Gib- 
bons stressed  the 
importance  of  "the 
sustained  support  of 
science  and  the 
thoughtful  use  of 
technology"  in 
national  and  interna- 
tional issues.  "We 
place  very  great 
weight  on  the  intrinsic 
value  of  basic  science, 
out  of  which  has 
flowed  extraordinary 
and  often  unantici- 
pated benefits  to  soci- 
ety, including  enor- 
mous enrichment  of 
the  human  spirit." 


which  was  reviewed  by  the  committee. 

Mike  Bollinger,  an  engineering  junior, 
co-chair  of  the  Honor  Council,  and  a 
member  of  the  Honor  Code  Committee, 
says  that  one  of  the  most  important  func- 
tions of  the  code  is  to  increase  awareness 
about  cheating  in  the  Duke  community.  "It 
can  definitely  encourage  an  environment 
of  honor  and  academic  integrity,"  he  says. 
"The  odds  are  in  our  favor  that  eventually 
over  time,  the  honor  code  will  become  a 
source  of  pride  at  the  university." 

But  some  students  have  expressed  con- 
cern that  the  anonymous  reporting  clause 
will  lead  to  unwarranted  accusations  of 
cheating.  They  have  also  questioned 
prospective  penalties  for  students  who  refuse 
to  sign  the  honor  code  on  principle,  and 
the  mechanisms  for  enforcing  the  code. 


announcing 
Gibbons'  nomi- 
nation. "And 
can  tell  you 
that  from  Al 
Gore  on 
down  to 


ASSESSING 
HIRING 


President  H.  Keith  H.  Brodie  focused 
on  the  initiative  to  hire  more  black 
faculty  in  his  last  official  report  to 
the  faculty,  saying  that  he  was  disappoint- 
ed with  the  hard  numbers  but  that  "the 
resolution  has  made  a  difference  at  Duke." 
Brodie  said  that  the  initiative  adopted 
by  the  Academic  Council  five  years  ago 
has  had  mixed  results.  Since  September 
1987,  sixteen  hiring  units  (out  of  fifty-six) 
have  hired  nineteen  black  faculty  mem- 
bers at  regular  rank.  "Even  more  disap- 
pointing," said  Brodie,  "is  the  net  increase 
in  black  faculty  over  the  same  time  period: 
from  thirty-one  black  faculty  members  at 
regular  rank  in  1987  to  thirty-six  current- 
ly." During  this  period,  Brodie  noted,  four- 
teen black  faculty  have  left  the  regular 
ranks    because    of  resignations,    retire- 
ments, or,  in  the  case  of  four  people, 
transfers  to  administrative  or  non-regular 
rank  positions. 

As  required  by  the  initiative,  all  hiring 
units  that  have  not  hired  at  least  one  addi- 
tional black  faculty  member  by  the  end  of 
the  academic  year  must  submit  documen- 
tation of  their  recruiting  efforts  and  pro- 
pose new  tactics.  According  to  Brodie, 
this  information  will  be  submitted  by 
July  1  for  review  by  administrators  and  will 
then  be  shared  with  the  Academic  Coun- 
cil's Committee  on  Black  Faculty. 


46 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


Brodie  said  that  nineteen  black  faculty 
members  have  joined  the  university  as  vis- 
iting  professors  or  have  taken  other  non- 
regular  rank  positions  during  the  initiative. 
Four  were  later  hired  as  regular  rank  facul- 
ty. "Such  appointments  are  a  clear  signal 
of  progress  in  identifying  black  scholars 
and  building  a  network  of  those  who  may 
be  willing  to  identify  other  promising 
black  candidates,"  he  said. 

The  university  can  do  better  in  its 
efforts  to  recruit  black  faculty,  Brodie 
added,  and  a  strong  African-American 
studies  program  would  help.  "There  is  no 
doubt  that  the  lack  of  a  well-established 
African-American  studies  program  has 
hampered  our  efforts  to  attract  black  schol- 
ars, both  those  who  have  an  interest  in 
working  in  this  relatively  young  but  vigor- 
ous field  and  those  with  different  academic 
interests....  A  flourishing  African- Ameri- 
can studies  program  is  a  key  element  in  our 
minority  faculty  recruitment  strategy  and  an 
important  emerging  area  of  research  Duke 
cannot  afford  to  neglect." 

At  the  December  trustees  meeting,  a 
number  of  board  members  expressed  con- 
cern about  the  pace  of  progress  with  the 
African-American  studies  program,  which 
has  struggled  to  find  consistent  leadership 
since  its  founding  in  1969.  Provost  Thomas 
Langford  B.D.  '54,  Ph.D.  '58  pledged  to 
give  high  priority  to  recruiting  a  first-rate 
director. 

In  late  February,  George  Wright  Ph.D. 
'77,  vice  provost  at  the  University  of  Texas, 
was  named  director  of  the  program.  Wright 
holds  a  distinguished  professorship  in  South- 
ern history  and  is  an  authority  on  the  his- 
tory of  blacks  in  the  South.  At  Texas,  he 
was  director  of  the  African- American  Stud- 
ies and  Research  Center,  and  has  taught 
African- American  history  since  1980. 


DISCUSSING 
THE  MEDIA 


Campaign  coverage  has  improved  and 
diversified.  That  was  the  message 
from  communications  experts  from 
both  print  and  broadcast  journalism,  who, 
speaking  at  Duke  in  February,  presented  per- 
spectives on  the  media's  role  in  the  1992 
election. 

The  eighth  annual  John  Fisher  Zeidman 
Memorial  Colloquium  on  Communications 
featured  R.W.  Apple  Jr.,  Washington 
bureau  chief  for  The  New  York  Times; 
Charlie  Rose  '64,  J.D.  '68,  host  of  a  talk 
show  on  public  television;  and  Robert  Ent- 
man  '71,  a  professor  of  communications  at 
Northwestern  University  who  previously 
taught  public  policy  studies  and  political 
science  at  Duke. 


Much  of  the  discussion  focused  on  the 
candidates'  use  of  non-traditional  outlets 
such  as  talk  shows  and  call-in  programs. 
While  these  innovations  show  candidates' 
"frustrations  with  the  limitations  of  daily 
news"  and  audiences'  "larger  taste  for  sub- 
stantive issues,"  said  Entman,  their  impact 
was  only  marginal  because  of  their  small 
audiences  compared  to  daily  news  broad- 
casts and  newspapers. 

Talk  shows  and  call-in  programs  have 
driven  print  journalists  to  be  "more  analyti- 
cal, more  contextual,  and  more  conscious 
of  history,"  said  Apple.  And,  he  added, 
Ross  Perot  used  these  outlets  successfully 
because  he  understood  "how  to  get  basic 
information  about  complex  issues  across  to 
the  public  better  than  anyone  else." 

Rose  called  this  year's  campaign  cover- 
age "far  better  than  any  other  I've  seen," 
mostly  because  the  public  at  large  spent 
more  time  than  ever  before  trying  to 
engage  the  candidates  on  substantive 
issues.  Bill  Clinton,  he  said,  also  under- 
stood the  potential  of  television.  When 
Clinton  appeared  on  Rose's  talk  show, 
Rose  said,  Clinton  told  him,  "If  I  weren't 
running  for  president,  I'd  like  to  do  what 
you  do."  And  six  months  later,  Rose 
added,  "there  was  Bill  Clinton,  anchoring 
the  economic  summit  from  Little  Rock." 


BULLISH  ON 
BASEBALL 


Sociologists 
studying 
the  orga- 
nizational pat- 
terns of  minor 
league   baseball 
over   the    last 
century  say  that 
despite  their  high 
failure  rates,  the  na- 
tion's minor  league  system 
will  continue  to  expand.  They  believe  that 
entrepreneurs  will  find  more  small  cities 
hungry  for  professional  baseball. 

Kenneth  C.  Land,  professor  and  chair  of 
Duke's  sociology  department,  says  minor 
league  baseball  has  become  increasingly 
popular  since  the  1970s.  "There  are  many 
small  to  medium-size  cities  in  the  country 
which  do  not  have  major  league  teams, 
and  in  which  the  fans  would  like  to  have 
some  level  of  participation  in  baseball 
beyond  watching  games  on  television. 
This  has  created  many  marketing  opportu- 
nities for  entrepreneurs  to  develop  minor 
league  teams." 

Land  and  sociologists  Walter  Davis  and 
Judith  Blau  of  UNC-Chapel  Hill  reported 
their  findings  in  a  paper,  "Organizing  the 


Boys  of  Summer:  Density  Dependence  and 
Population  Dynamics  in  the  Evolution  of 
U.S.  Minor  League  Baseball  Teams,  1883- 
1990."  A  fan  of  Duke's  hometown  Durham 
Bulls,  Land  says  attendance  at  minor 
league  games  in  the  Raleigh-Durham  area 
over  the  last  two  years  has  been  sufficient 
to  support  both  the  Bulls  and  the  Raleigh- 
area  Carolina  Mudcats. 


A  whale  of  a  find:  Theuiissen  examines  the  50-million- 
y ear-old  fossil  jawbones  of  Pakicetus 

BY  LAND  AND 

SEA 

Fossil  ear  bones  and  jaws  in  Pakistan 
uncovered  by  a  Duke  paleontologist 
suggest  an  ancestor  of  the  whale  50 
million  years  ago  was  an  amphibious  mam- 
mal about  the  size  of  a  large  dog. 

Hans  Thewissen,  a  research  associate  at 
Duke  Medical  Center,  says  that  these  fos- 
sils, from  a  creature  called  Pakicetus, 
reveal  a  hearing  system  that  worked  both  on 
land  and  underwater,  and  indicate  that  the 
living  animals  closest  in  ancestry  to  modern 
whales  are  deer,  cows,  pigs,  camels,  giraffes, 
and  other  animals  known  as  "artiodacryls" — 
hoofed  animals  with  even  numbers  of  toes. 
The  ancient  Pakicetus  lived  both  in  and 
out  of  water,  possibly  as  seals  and  otters  do 
today,  according  to  Thewissen  and  co- 
author Taseen  Hussain  of  Howard  Univer- 
sity in  a  report  called  "Origin  of  Underwa- 
ter Hearing  in  Whales."  The  researchers 
conclude  that  the  creature  adapted  to  a 
marine  environment  step  by  step  and  that 
it  initially  retained  terrestrial  characteris- 
tics as  it  evolved. 


March-April    J  9  9  3 


47 


BULLET 


uke's  computer  science  department 
has  purchased  a  "massively  paral- 
lel" supercomputer  to  help  its  re- 
searchers explore  problems  ranging  from 
turbulent  blood  flow  to  advanced  integrated 
circuit  design. 

The  machine,  a  newly  announced  ver- 
sion of  the  Connection  Machine  CM-5 
supercomputer  made  by  Thinking  Machines 
Corp.  of  Cambridge,  Massachusetts,  was 
purchased  with  part  of  a  five-year,  $1.4- 
million  grant  from  the  National  Science 
Foundation.  The  key  to  the  CM-5's  power 
is  parallel  processing,  which  divides  up 
tasks  among  many  processors  to  complete 
them  more  quickly. 

"The  presence  of  the  CM-5  will  allow  us 
to  tackle  scientific  problems  so  computa- 
tionally large  that  the  biggest  supercom- 
puters prior  to  these  massively  parallel 
machines  cannot  meet  our  needs,"  says 
Donald  Loveland,  professor  of  computer 
science  and  former  computer  science 
department  chair.  "Examples  are  fluid  tur- 
bulence, such  as  around  airplane  wings  or 
in  blood  vessels,  and  chemical  reactions. 
Besides  these  direct  applications,  we  have 
expertise  in  basic  operating  systems  software 
for  such  parallel  computers,  and  we  will 
work  with  the  manufacturer  to  help  them 
improve  the  way  the  machine  functions." 


?^ ^^"    rrff 

fclABkHSSLONS      |lQ# 

^_^a /    _^_.^ 

APPLICATIONS 
DOWN 

Duke  has  received  13,731  applica- 
tions for  the  1,575  places  in  this 
fall's  entering  class.  The  figure  for 
applications  represents  a  decline  of  5.4 
percent  from  last  year's  record  total  of 
14,510,  but  still  marks  the  fourth-highest 


total  in  the  school's  history,  says 
Christoph  Guttentag,  director  of  under- 
graduate admissions. 

Guttentag  says  that  the  decrease  in  ap- 
plications is  not  a  cause  for  alarm  because 
one-year  fluctuations  of  this  magnitude  are 
common  among  selective  universities.  He 
suggests  that  demographics  and  price  sen- 
sitivity contributed  to  the  decline. 

An  8.8  decrease  in  applications  from 
black  students  is  partly  due  to  increased 
competition  from  other  highly  selective 
private  universities,  but  also  reflects  eco- 
nomic concerns,  says  Guttentag.  Targeted 
recruiting  of  foreign  students  and  Duke's 
increasing  international  reputation  proba- 
bly contributed  to  a  43.6  percent  increase 
in  applications  from  abroad,  he  adds. 


A  SORRY 
STATE 


Mending  one's  ways  requires  more 
than  forgiveness,  says  Duke 
ethicist  Stephen  Long;  it  should 
also  include  some  form  of  penance  if  for- 
giveness is  to  lead  to  change  in  the  perpe- 
trator's life. 

"As  a  Protestant  minister  and  a  theolo- 
gian, I'm  interested  in  seeing  the  practice 
of  penance  revived.  The  purpose  of  for- 
giveness is  not  merely  to  heal  people  from 
subjective  guilt.  Easy  absolution  is  insuffi- 
cient; it  extends  forgiveness  with- 
z  out  transformation.  Without 
6  penance,  forgiveness  is  cheap. 
1  And  cheap  forgiveness  is  a  sign 
that  we  have  not  taken  sin  seri- 
ously," says  Long,  director  of  con- 
tinuing education  at  Duke's  divin- 
ity school  and  an  ordained  United 
Methodist  minister. 

Traditional  components  of 
penance  include  a  public  admis- 
sion of  wrongdoing,  a  kind  of 
remorse  or  contrition,  and  an  offer 
to  make  reparation,  Long  says. 
The  church  could  encourage  the 
practice  of  doing  penance  by  tak- 
ing the  lead  in  some  public  ways, 
he  adds. 

"For  example,  the  United 
Methodist  Church  has  offices  on 
exclusive  property  on  Pennsylvania  Avenue 
in  Washington,  D.C. — office  space  that 
represents  the  economic  power  of  the 
United  Methodist  Church.  That  power 
exists  at  the  expense  of  African- American 
Methodists  who  were  forced  out  of  the 
Methodist  Church  historically,  even 
though  their  labor  helped  build  its  institu- 
tions," he  says. 

"The  United  Methodist  Church  could 
say  to  the  African  Methodist  Episcopal 


Church  and  the  Christian  Methodist  Epis- 
copal Church,  'Here  is  our  most  expensive 
piece  of  property — we're  giving  it  to  you  in 
acknowledgment  of  the  fact  that  our  wealth 
has  accumulated  at  your  expense.'  That 
would  be  a  significant  act  of  penance." 


MOLECULE 
MAPPING 


Scientists  at  Duke  Medical  Center 
have  figured  out  the  molecular  struc- 
ture of  a  tiny  bit  of  genetic  material 
that  is  key  to  the  AIDS  virus'  ability  to 
reproduce  itself  and  spread  to  other  cells  in 
the  body. 

Called  the  TAR  RNA  element,  for 
transactivating  response  sequence,  this  bit 
of  genetic  material  is  the  launch  site  within 
the  human  immunodeficiency  virus  (HIV) 
for  the  production  of  all  viral  components. 
These  components  eventually  form  the 
whole  virus,  which  erupts  from  the  infect- 
ed cell  to  infect  other  cells. 

Mariano  Garcia-Blanco,  assistant  profes- 
sor of  microbiology  and  cell  growth  and 
one  of  four  Duke  investigators  who  worked 
on  the  research  project,  says  that  the 
researchers'  findings  could  lead  to  drugs 
that  jam  the  AIDS  virus'  reproductive 
mechanism.  "Since  TAR  is  essential  for 
viral  replication  in  HIV,  this  study  pro- 
vides invaluable  structural  information 
toward  the  design  of  chemical  mimics  of 
TAR  that  could  prevent  the  spread  of  the 
virus,"  Garcia-Blanco  says. 


SHEDDING  LIGHT 
ON  SILICON 


Ulrich  Goesele,  professor  of  materials 
science,  has  obtained  what  he 
believes  is  the  first  U.S.  patent 
covering  glowing  porous  silicon,  a  material 
that — unlike  normal  silicon — can  convert 
electricity  into  visible  light. 

More  than  a  hundred  research  groups 
are  now  studying  the  potential  of  the 
light-emitting  properties  of  porous  silicon, 
the  workhorse  material  of  electronics.  The 
light-emitting  properties  of  porous  silicon 
could  allow  it  to  be  used  for  lasers,  in  com- 
puters that  operate  with  light  as  well  as 
electricity,  and  in  color  televisions,  says 
Goesele.  "People  say  the  Holy  Grail  of  sili- 
con is  to  make  it  optically  active,"  or  light 
emitting,  says  Goesele. 

Other  semiconducting  materials,  such  as 
gallium  arsenide,  can  also  convert  electri- 
city into  light.  But  those  are  more  expen- 
sive and  more  difficult  to  work  with  than 
silicon,  which  is  routinely  fabricated  into 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


complicated    computer   chips    and    other 
electronic  circuitry. 


IMAGES  OF 
INJURIES 


In  the  first  reported  systematic  muscle 
study  using  advanced  imaging  tech- 
nologies in  humans,  Duke  Medical 
Center  researchers,  led  by  orthopaedic  sur- 
geon Kevin  Speer,  have  detailed  what  the 
most  common  athletic  injury  looks  like. 

After  conducting  computed  tomography 
(CT)  and  magnetic  resonance  imaging 
(MRI)  studies  of  muscle  strain  injuries  in 
fifty  athletes  over  a  ten-year  period,  Duke 
researchers  have  reported  which  particular 
muscle  within  a  group  is  likely  to  sustain 
injury,  where  the  strain  will  occur,  and  the 
extent  of  the  damage.  The  finding  should 
also  allow  physicians  to  diagnose  more 
accurately  certain  soft  tissue  injuries  and 
disorders. 

Muscle  strains,  the  most  common  form 
of  injury  suffered  by  professional  and  ama- 
teur athletes,  usually  occur  when  a  muscle 
suddenly  becomes  overextended  or 
stretched  against  resistance.  In  the  past, 
researchers  had  to  use  animal  and  labora- 
tory models  to  study  muscle  strain  injuries 
and  then  attempt  to  draw  correlations  to 
similar  injuries  in  humans.  "For  the  first 
time,  we  can  actually  visualize  what  a  mus- 
cle strain  looks  like,"  Speer  says. 


IN 
BRIEF 


B  Senator  Bill  Bradley,  Democrat  of  New 
Jersey,  will  deliver  Duke's  1993  com- 
mencement address  on  May  16.  Bradley, 
who  has  been  a  U.S.  senator  since  1978,  is 
perhaps  best  known  for  his  work  on  tax 
reform.  He  earned  his  bachelor's  from 
Princeton  University  in  1965  and  his  mas- 
ter's in  English  from  Oxford  University  in 
1968.  He  was  a  Rhodes  Scholar  at  Oxford 
from  1965  to  1968,  served  with  the  U.S. 
Air  Force  Reserves  from  1967  to  1978,  and 
played  professional  basketball  for  the  New 
York  Knicks  from  1967  to  1977. 

■  Brown  University  computer  scientist 
Jeffrey  S.  Vitter  has  been  appointed  chair 
of  Duke's  computer  science  department. 
Malcolm  Gillis,  dean  of  the  faculty  of  arts 
and  sciences,  says  that  Vitter  exemplifies 
what  is  expected  of  new  faculty  members: 
"outstanding  undergraduate  and  graduate 
teaching,  and  truly  first-rate  scholarship." 

■  Law  professor  Walter  Dellinger  has 
been  named  by  President  Bill  Clinton  to 

march-April    19  9  3 


be  his  associate  counsel.  Dellinger,  who 
had  been  advising  the  Clinton  transition 
team  on  abortion  and  other  hot  topics, 
began  work  in  the  White  House  in  Janu- 
ary. He  will  continue  to  teach  one  course 
at  Duke's  law  school  this  semester  and 
then  take  a  leave  of  absence. 

■  Scientist  and  entrepreneur  Robert 
Taber  has  been  tapped  by  Duke  to  head  up 
the  newly-established  Office  of  Science 
and  Technology,  which  will  consolidate 
the  university's  efforts  to  market  research 
discoveries.  Trained  as  a  cell  biologist, 
Taber  was  most  recently  chief  executive 
officer  of  the  Boston  biotechnology  com- 
pany One  Cell  Systems,  Inc.,  a  firm  that 
developed   a   process   to   analyze   cellular 


functions,  including  those  used  in  thera- 
peutic drug  preparation. 

■  Mark  C.  Rogers  has  been  appointed 
executive  director  of  Duke  Hospital  and 
vice  chancellor  for  health  systems  at  Duke 
Medical  Center.  Rogers,  who  holds 
degrees  in  both  medicine  and  business 
administration,  has  been  a  member  of  the 
faculty  at  the  Johns  Hopkins  School  of 
Medicine  for  the  past  fifteen  years.  From 
1971  to  1973,  he  served  on  the  house  staff 
at  Duke  as  a  pediatric  cardiology  fellow. 
He  assumed  his  duties  two  months  early 
following  the  death  of  Fred  Brown,  chief 
operations  officer  of  the  hospital. 


ESBSSEQ 


LEARNING,  THEN  TEACHING  ABOUT  AIDS 


When  Trinity 
senior 
Suzanne 
Eidson  first  met 
Andrew,  a  gay  black 
man  in  his  thirties,  she 
didn't  realize  how 
close  their  friendship 
would  become — and 
how  quickly  it  would 
slip  away. 

During  Eidson's 
stint  as  a  summer 
intern  through  Duke's 
Interns  in  Conscience 
program,  which  places 
Duke  students  in 
organizations  devoted 
to  social  issues,  she 
saw  Andrew,  who  was 
HIV-positive  but 
seemed  perfectly 
healthy,  suddenly 
become  quite  ill.  On 
the  last  night  of  her 
internship,  Eidson 
says,  Andrew  no 
longer  recognized  her. 
She  found  out  several 
months  later  that  he 
died  of  AIDS  shordy 
thereafter. 

Meeting  Andrew 
was  one  of  many 
memorable  experi- 
ences for  Eidson,  who 
worked  in  Atlanta  last 
summer  with  several 
agencies  that  care  for 
people  with  AIDS 
(PWAs).  She  interned 
in  an  infectious  dis- 
ease clinic,  delivered 
meals  through  Project 
Open  Hand,  and 
made  friends  with  the 
residents  of  Jerusalem 
House,  a  home  for 
PWAs. 

She  says  it  was  diffi- 
cult to  come  to  terms 


with  the  idea  that  the 
residents  of  Jerusalem 
House  were  sick,  even 
if  they  looked  per- 
fectly healthy.  Eidson 
says  she  came  to  real- 
ize that  "these  won- 
derful human  beings 
that  I'm  forming 
friendships  with  are 
going  to  die,  sooner 
rather  than  later." 

During  the  spring 
semester,  Eidson  is  co- 
teaching  a  house 
course,  "Healing  the 
Homeless:  Indigent 
Health  Care  and 
Power  Relations  in 
the  United  States," 
which  was  an 
outgrowth  of  her 
internship  experience. 
Course  participants 
are  also  helping  to 
plan  an  AIDS  aware- 
ness week  for  Duke  in 
April. 

Eidson,  who  also 
chairs  the  Community 
Health  Alliance,  a 
community  service 
organization  at  Duke, 
says  that  students 
need  to  remember  that 
everyone  is  susceptible 
to  the  AIDS  virus. 
"Duke  students  are 
knowledgeable  about 
the  issues  and  know 
how  to  protect  them- 
selves from  the  virus," 
she  says,  "but  many 
people  have  a  false 
sense  of  security  and 
feel  immune  because 
they  aren't  in  one  of 
the  high-risk  groups. 
But  the  AIDS  virus 
exists  at  Duke,  just 
like  it  exists  on  every 


Sharing  nexe-joiind  knou  ledge:  Eidson  says  many 
students  have  a  false  sense  of  security  about  AIDS 


college  campus." 

A  biology  and  reli- 
gion double  major, 
Eidson  is  interested  in 
a  medical  career,  per- 
haps working  with 
low-income  women 
with  AIDS  in  an  OB- 
GYN  setting.  (This 
year,  she  is  writing  a 
religion  thesis  on 
women  with  AIDS.) 
After  her  summer 
experience,  Eidson 
says  she's  looking 
forward  to  the  chal- 
lenges of  working 


with  an  indigent  pop- 
ulation. "It  was  so 
rewarding  to  work 
with  people  from 
such  different  back- 
grounds. Regardless 
of  their  social  position, 
everyone  has  the 
same  thoughts  and 
feelings  about  things 
like  death." 


— Jonathan  Douglas 


AIDS  and  Accusation:  Haiti  and 
the  Geography  of  Blame. 

By  Paul  Farmer  '82.  Berkeley:  University  of 
California  Press,  1992.  338  pp.  $35. 


A  British-born 
businessman  long- 
settled  in  the  Carib- 
bean and  well-trav- 
eled throughout  the 
region  put  it  to  me 
plainly  during  a  rou- 
tine visit  to  Jamaica 
a  few  years  ago.  "Haiti,"  he  sighed  sadly, 
"is  doomed."  This  was  after  the  infamous, 
hurried  departure — in  a  U.S.  cargo  plane  in 
February  1986 — of  Jean-Claude  "Baby  Doc" 
Duvalier,  Haiti's  self-styled  "president  for 
life,"  from  the  pinnacle  of  power  that 
he  and  his  late  father  (Francois,  "Papa 
Doc")  had  commanded  in  succession 
for  nearly  three  decades. 

At  the  time,  it  appeared  that  the 
progressive  Catholic  priest  Jean- 
Bertrand  Aristide,  whose  church  had 
been  attacked  by  Haiti's  government- 
supported  thugs  while  he  was  celebrat- 
ing Mass  one  Sunday  in  1988,  would 
become  the  first  democratically  elected 
president  in  his  country's  battle-scarred 
political  history.  Aristide  won  the  elec- 
tion of  December  1990.  But  less  than  a 
year  later — and  perhaps  inevitably, 
too,  some  might  say — the  priest- 
turned-president  was  ousted  in  a  coup 
that  sent  him  packing  for  the  U.S. 

Political  misfortunes,  economic  and 
social  injustices  (rooted  in  Haiti  and 
the  neighboring  Dominican  Republic's 
shared  history  of  slavery),  disease,  and 
seemingly  insurmountable  poverty  had 
already  begun  to  ravage  the  former 
French  colony  well  before  the  Duva-  ■ 
liers  established  their  despotic  dynasty.  51 
In  1804,  after  a  triumphant  war  of  aa 
independence,  Haitians  had  estab- 
lished a  proud  new  nation  that  became  the 
first  free  state  in  all  of  the  Caribbean  and 
Latin  America.  It  was  also  the  first  created 
in  resistance  to  a  colonial  European  power 
by  former  African  slaves  in  this  hemi- 
sphere. But  its  history  has  been  mostly  dis- 
astrous since  then. 

It  was  modern  Haiti,  after  all,  that 
enjoyed  the  unfortunate  distinction  of  be- 
coming the  world's  first  "third  world" 
country.  For  as  long  as  anyone  can  remem- 


ber, what  magazine  article  or  news  pro- 
gram has  failed  to  label  Haiti  "one  of  the 
poorest  nations  on  earth,"  or  cite  its  "des- 
perately poor,  illiterate  peasants,"  often 
with  references  to  the  voodoo  that  they 
seem  to  do  so  well?  (As  if  Dial-A-Prayer, 
snake-passing,  and  plastic  Virgin  Marys 
with  Santas  that  sprout  on  suburban  lawns 
at  Christmastime  here  in  our  own  funky 
religious  landscape  might  not  strike  some 
foreigners  as  just  a  little  bit  exotique.) 
Meanwhile,  over  the  years,  deforestation 
and  erosion  have  caused  Haitian  land  to 
wash  away. 

And  then  along  came  AIDS. 

"By  November  1981,  just  a  few  months 
after  what  would  later  be  termed  AIDS 
was  first  reported  in  the  medical  litera- 


HAITIANDTHE      t_. 
GEOGRAPHY       j" ... 
OF  BLAME 

PAUL  FARMER** 


m 


ture,"  writes  anthropologist-physician  Paul 
Farmer  in  AIDS  and  Accusation,  "a  number 
of  Haitian  immigrants  had  been  seen  in 
Florida  hospitals  with  infections  character- 
istic of  the  syndrome."  Before  long,  he 
recalls,  as  other  cases  were  reported  among 
Haitian  immigrants  residing  in  New  York 
and  Montreal,  U.S.  public  health  officials 
sought  to  identify  the  source  of  the  new 
affliction  and  to  trace  its  arrival  in  North 
America.  Four  "high-risk  groups"  especial- 


ly susceptible  to  AIDS  emerged.  "Members 
of  these  groups  were  popularly  termed  the 
'Four-H  Club,'  Farmer  notes  ironically,  "a 
shorthand  reference  to  homosexuals, 
Haitians,  hemophiliacs,  and  heroin-users." 
For  already-suffering  Haitians  at  home  and 
emigres  abroad,  the  designation  would 
prove  devastating. 

As  it  turned  out,  researchers  found  that 
travelers  returning  home  to  North  America 
had  brought  the  HIV  virus  that  causes 
AIDS  in  their  bloodstreams  back  with 
them  after  visits  to  Haiti  in  the  late  1970s. 
Inquiries  revealed  that  these  men  had  sex 
with  Haitians  during  their  stays.  To  do  so, 
they  may  have  made  forays  into  Carrefour, 
a  suburban  centet  of  male  and  female  pros- 
titution to  the  south  of  the  Haitian  capital 
^^  of  Port-au-Prince.  But  before  this 
I  traffic  pattern  had  been  clearly  dis- 
|  cerned,  108  cases  of  Kaposi's  sarcoma 
and  other  unexplained  opportunistic 
infections  had  been  reported  by  the 
U.S.  Centers  for  Disease  Control  by 
the  late  summer  of  1981.  Most  of 
these  cases  were  from  New  York  or 
California  and  107  of  them  were  men, 
more  than  90  percent  of  whom  stated 
that  they  were  homosexual  and  sexu- 
ally active. 

Likewise,  in  Haiti  at  the  beginning 
of  the  1980s,  doctors  had  begun 
treating  patients  suffering  from 
Kaposi's  sarcoma  and  other  oppor- 
tunistic infections.  By  1982,  medical 
evidence  had  established  a  definite 
Haiti-North  America  axis  in  the 
spread  of  AIDS.  A  conference  in  Port- 
au-Prince  a  year  later,  Farmer  explains, 
"offered  important  epidemiologic  clues 
to  Haiti's  'role'  in  the  larger  pandem- 
ic"— and  along  with  its  poverty,  eco- 
nomic instability,  and  political  corrup- 
tion, helped  seal  the  desperate 
country's  fate  in  the  eyes  of  outsiders 
as  the  "pariah"  of  the  hemisphere. 
By  1983,  Farmer  explains,  tourism,  one 
of  Haiti's  most  important  sources  of  badly 
needed  foreign  exchange,  "had  become 
almost  nonexistent,"  thanks  to  American 
media  reports  that  helped  whip  up  an  anti- 
Haitian  AIDS  scare.  Sun-seekers  bypassed 
Haiti  for  other  Caribbean  destinations.  In 
North  America  and  Europe,  Haitian  emi- 
gres and  their  offspring  found  themselves 
the  targets  of  not  only  racism,  but  also  of 
revulsion  regarding  their  association  with 


50 


DUKE    MAGAZINE 


what  was  widely  perceived  to  be  a  dicta- 
torship-marred, voodoo-tainted,  disease- 
infested  island  homeland. 

Farmer,  who  studied  at  Duke  and  Har- 
vard, is  an  instructor  in  social  medicine  at 
Harvard  Medical  School  and  a  research 
resident  in  internal  medicine  at  Boston's 
Brigham  and  Women's  Hospital.  He  began 
visiting  Haiti  in  early  1983  and  has  re- 
turned there  regularly  to  conduct  research 
and  practice  medicine  in  the  same  rural 
communities  that  provide  the  case  studies 
examined  in  this  book.  With  AIDS  and 
Accusation,  he  sets  out  to  set  the  record 
straight  about  Haiti's  so-called  role  in  the 
spread  of  the  disease  and  to  rebuke  what 
he  sees  as  the  racism,  accusation,  and 
unfair  assigning  of  blame  against  Haitians 
"that  have  shaped  both  responses  to  AIDS 
and  the  epidemiology  of  a  new  virus." 

Instead  of  pointing  fingers,  he  tries  to 
clear  the  air.  At  once  ethnographer,  soci- 
ologist, anthropologist,  and  epidemiolo- 
gist, he  offers  an  analysis  of  Haiti's  AIDS 
epidemic  and  the  related  pandemic  to  the 
north  that  considers  in  the  widest  sense 
the  various  contexts — social,  economic, 
political,  cultural — in  which  the  disease 
has  spread  (and  been  allowed  to  spread)  to 
date.  "The  course  of  the  American  pan- 
demic, including  the  epidemic  in  Haiti, 
has  been  determined  to  no  small  extent  by 
economic  and  political  structures  long  in 
place,"  he  writes. 

Farmer  also  blasts  the  "suggestion  of  a 
Haitian  origin  for  the  organism  that 
caused  AIDS  and  the  assertion  that  Haiti 
was  'the  source'  of  the  North  American 
epidemic."  Both,  he  says,  were  "formulated 
by  North  American  physicians  and  dis- 
seminated widely  by  the  North  American 
press."  Readers  who  remember  following 
news  reports  about  the  unfolding  mystery 
disease  in  the  early  Eighties  will  recall  that 
investigators  traced  the  virus  that  was 
found  to  cause  it  back  to  East  Africa,  a 
region  of  the  world  now  plagued  by  an 
AIDS  epidemic  of  its  own. 

In  light  of  the  documented  Haiti-North 
American  AIDS  connection,  some  experts 
deduced  that  the  virus  had  been  carried  to 
Haiti,  where  it  was  transmitted  to  Haitians, 
then  passed  on  in  turn  to  visiting  North 
Americans  who  carried  it  home.  Although 
Farmer  never  explicitly  cites,  for  the  non- 
specialist  reader,  the  most  accepted, 
authoritative  research  on  the  geographic 
origin  of  the  virus  and  its  assumed  route  or 
routes  of  transmittal  to  this  hemisphere, 
he  does  clearly  suggest  instead  that  it  was 
North  American  travelers  who  brought  the 
virus  to  Haiti. 

This  notion  may  upset  conventional 
thinking  concerning  the  etiology  of  AIDS. 
But  it  becomes  an  important  consideration 
in  Farmer's  multi-faceted  interpretation  of 


1  A  Season  Is  a  Lifetime,  The  Inside  Story  of  the 
Duke  Blue  Devils  and  Their  Championship  Sea- 
sons, by  Bill  Brill  &.  Mike  Krzyzewski  $20.00 

2  Back  to  Back,  The  Story  of  Duke's  1992 
NCAA  Basketball  Championship,  by  Sports 
Information,  Duke  University  $19.95 

3  The  Evolution  of  Useful  Things,  How 
Everyday  Artifacts — From  Forks  &  Pins  to 
Paper  Clips  &  Zippers— Came  To  Be  As  They 
Are ,  by  Henry  Petroski  $24.00 

4  The  Devil's  Dream,  by  Lee  Smith    $21 .95 

5  The  Dukes  of  Durham,  1865-1929,  by 
Robert  F.  Durden  $14.95 

6  Backlash,  The  Undeclared  War  Against 
American  Women ,  bySusan  Faludi      $12.95 

7  In  Memory  of  Junior,  by  Clyde  Edgerton 

$16.95 

8  The  Color  Line,  Legacy  for  the  Twenty-First 
Century,  by  John  Hope  Franklin        $14-95 

9  The  Indispensable  Calvin  and  Hobbes ,  by 
Bill  Watterson  $12.95 

1 0  Letters  to  a  Young  Poet,  by  Rainer  Maria 
Rilke  $5.95 

The  Gothic  extends  Duke  Alumni  Association 
members  a  10  percent  discount.  Call  (919) 
684-3986,  or  write  The  Gothic  Bookshop, 
BoxLM,  Duke  Station,  Durham,  N.C.  27708. 

the  Haitians'  response  to  the  epidemic, 
which  he  presents  against  a  backdrop  of 
vividly  described  village  life,  customs,  and 
attitudes.  He  concentrates  on  Manno, 
Dieudonne,  and  Anita,  two  young  men 
and  a  young  woman  in  the  typically  im- 
poverished rural  community  of  Do  Kay 
that  has  been  the  focus  of  his  research  for 
several  years. 

Farmer  offers  compassionate,  detailed 
accounts  of  their  struggles  with  AIDS  and 
of  their — and  their  fellow  villagers' — reac- 
tions to  the  new  disease  in  their  midst.  But 
to  do  so  with  understanding,  he  must  con- 
sider and  explain  several  cultural,  social, 
and  religious  factors  that  figure  prominently 
in  the  Haitians'  response  to  AIDS.  Among 
them:  the  common  belief  that  someone 
can  "send  the  dead"  to  or  otherwise  hex 
someone  else;  widespread  belief  in  the 
power  and  effectiveness  of  a  makandal  (a 
poison  or  sorcery  bundle);  and  an  equally 
popular  faith  in  conspiracy  theories,  ac- 
cording to  which,  Haitians  believed,  racist 
U.S.  government  authorities  supposedly 
cooked  up  AIDS  to  wipe  them  out  once 
and  for  all. 

After  all,  Farmer  notes,  extending  what 
he  calls  a  "hermeneutic  of  generosity"  to  a 
consideration  of  such  popularly  held  ideas, 


the  historical  record  shows  that  over  the 
years  Washington  had  repeatedly  sent  in 
the  Marines  against  the  Haitians  in  their 
own  country;  propped  up  the  Duvaliers; 
trained  the  dictators'  brutal  thugs,  the 
Tontons  and  Macoutes;  and,  as  recently  as 
1982,  launched  a  campaign  to  destroy 
Haitian  peasants'  pigs  in  order  to  rid  the 
region  of  swine  flu — and  ultimately  pro- 
tect U.S.  livestock.  With  neighbors  like 
that,  who  wouldn't  be  paranoid?  Who 
couldn't  use  an  antidote  to  evil  spirits? 

Indeed,  Tonton  Mama,  the  local  houn- 
gan,  proposes  an  anti-AIDS  drink,  and 
Farmer  makes  room  in  his  research  for  the 
influential  place  that  this  voodoo  master's 
methods  and  metaphysics  occupy  in  the 
villagers'  lives.  AIDS  "is  both  natural  and 
supernatural,"  Tonton  Mama  tells  Farmer, 
"because  they  know  how  to  send  it"  and 
because  "you  can  also  catch  it  from  a  per- 
son who  already  has  [it]." 

If,  as  AIDS  and  Accusation  suggests, 
Haiti  is  a  place  where  the  natural  and  the 
supernatural  blend  seamlessly  in  everyday 
life,  it  has  also  "never  been  a  country  in 
which  to  be  sick  and  poor,"  as  a  priest  in 
Do  Kay  observes.  This  is  because  poverty 
and  a  shared  culture  of  impoverishment 
provide  a  breeding  ground  for  illness, 
Farmer  argues  convincingly.  He  cites  some 
poor  Haitians'  propensity  to  wind  up  in 
what  is  now  called  the  sex  industry  when 
they  leave  the  countryside  for  Port-au- 
Prince  with  big  hopes  of  landing  paying 
jobs.  But  in  a  land  of  entrenched  social 
and  economic  inequity,  even  the  city 
offers  little  or  no  opportunity  for  most. 
"Everything's  falling  apart,"  says  Madame 
Pasquet,  the  ailing  Anita's  godmother.  "It 
looks  as  if  Haiti  will  never  change." 

Maybe  so.  At  least  not  as  long  as  poverty 
remains  "the  central  fact  of  life  for  most 
rural  Haitians,"  as  Farmer  concludes. 
"AIDS  in  Haiti  fits  neatly  into  a  political 
and  economic  crisis,"  he  writes,  a  crisis 
that  engenders  and  sustains  Haitian  pover- 
ty. As  a  result,  he  says,  "Our  ability  to  con- 
front and  prevent  HIV  infection  in  a 
humane  and  effective  manner  demands  a 
holistic  understanding  of  this  new  sick- 
ness"— and  of  the  non-biological  factors 
which  sustain  it  as  well.  But  until  or  unless 
public  health  officials  and  foreign  aid 
providers  adopt  such  a  wide-minded 
approach  to  Haiti's  AIDS  epidemic, 
Farmer  says  plainly,  too,  the  country  may 
well  remain  the  unwitting  whipping  boy 
for  this  hemisphere's  prophets  ot  doom. 

— Edward  M .  Comet 


Gomez  '79,  a  former  U.S.  Foreign  Service  officer  in 
Jamaica,  is  a  journalist  in  New  York  and  a  member 
o/Duke  Magazine's  Editorial  Advisory  Board. 


March-April    19  9  3 


"I  would  find  it  quite  frustrating 
to  come  into  a  university  if  some- 
one presented  a  plan  to  me  on  a 
silver  platter  and  said,  follow  it.  I 
need  to  have  a  chance  to  put  my 
stamp  on  it." 
—Wellesleyi 


president  on  July 

to  the  university's  strategic 


"Now  is  not  the  time  to  shake 
our  heads  over  the  difficulties 
and  pronounce  that  we  knew  all 
along  it  couldn't  he  done.  Now  is 
the  time  to  wrest  insight  from 
hindsight — to  review  what  we 
have  done,  to  consolidate  what 
we  have  learned,  and  to  go  for- 
ward with  it." 

—President  H.  Keith  H.  Brodie, 
calling  for  a  renewed  commitment 


speech  to  the  university  faculty  in 
r  (see  "Gazette"  tor  more 


"I  am  delighted  that  women 
have  an  opportunity  to  develop 
a  residential  community  on  this 
campus." 


residential  life,  on  a  plan  to  allow 


Sigma  Alpha  Epsilon  fraternity,  to 
become  selective  women's  housing 


"You  don't  have  to  be  black  to 
play  basketball.  There's  a  guy 
named  Hurley  walking  around 
here." 

— The  Reverend  Jesse  Jackson, 
addressing  racial  inequalities  in 


capacity  crowd  in  Duke  Chapel 


"Having  homosexuals  on  the 
battlefields  increases  the  risks  to 
other  soldiers.  Not  a  risk  in  the 
performance  of  their  military 
duties,  but  an  increase  in  the  risk 
of  infecting  others  with  HIV/ 
AIDS-tainted  blood.  What  would 
this  social  experiment  cost  in 
extra  lives  lost?...  The  blacks 
earned  their  right  to  fight  for  this 
country  many  times  over,  begin- 
ning with  the  Revolutionary 
War. ...  It  should  be  pointed  out 
that  it  is  impossible  to  catch 
blackness  from  an  Afro- American, 
but  a  person  can  catch  the  HIV/ 
AIDS  virus  from  a  homosexual." 
Amett  Cage,  former  member  of 
24th  Infantry  Regiment  and 
Korean  War  combat  veteran, 
responding  to  a  letter  Duke 
President  H.  Keith  H.  Brodie  wrote 


"Since  HIV-infection  rates  are 
now  rising  fastest  among  the 
heterosexual  population,  Mr. 
Cage's  suggestion  that  gays  and 
lesbians  be  singled  out  for  dis- 
crimination appears  inadequate 
to  keep  HIV-positive  soldiers  out 
of  the  armed  forces.  They  are 
already  there. 

"Mr.  Cage's  assertion  that  fear 
of  HIV  contamination  may  cause 
wounded  soldiers  to  be  left  to  die 
because  no  one  would  touch 
them  is  not  only  appalling,  but 
contradicts  everything  I  believe 
about  the  type  of  people  serving 
in  our  armed  forces  today." 

President  Brodie  i  response, 
printed  in  The  Chronicle  el 


We  asked  Duke  faculty  and  admin- 
istrators to  comment  on  the  books 
which  have  been  their  greatest  influ- 
ences. 

Jerry  Campbell  M.Div.  '71, 
university  librarian: 

Introduction  to  the  New  Testament 
by  Rudolf  Karl  Bultmann,  and 
other  books  on  the  historical- 
critical  method  by  Julius  Well- 
hausen.  While  a  student  at  the 
Duke  Divinity  School,  Campbell 
was  inspired  by  these  books  to 
question  "how  one  lives  trying  to 
achieve  a  balance  between  the 
spirit  and  the  intellect."  He  also 
says  that  The  Bible  and  The  Norton 
Anthology  of  English  Poetry  have 
had  great  influence  on  his  life. 

Reynolds  Prite  'SS,  James 
B.  Duke  Professor  of  English: 

The  Boy's  King  Arthur  by  Sidney 
Lanier,  a  book  on  the  Arthurian 
legend  which  Price  says  he  first 
read  at  age  9  or  10  and  continued 
to  read  throughout  his  childhood. 
Also,  Tales  of  Army  Life,  Tolstoy's 
first  book  of  short  stories.  Price 
says  that  these  powerful  tales 
inspired  him  when  he  was  start- 
ing to  write  his  own  first  stories. 

Steven  Vogel,  professor  of 
zoology: 

The  New  Industrial  State  by  John 
Kenneth  Galbraith  and  The 
Meaning  of  the  Twentieth  Century 
by  Kenneth  Ewart  Boulding,  two 
books  written  by  economists  that, 
says  Vogel,  "give  us  a  sense  of 
what  we're  up  against  as  a  species." 
Structures:  Or,  Why  Things  Don't 
Fall  Down  by  James  Edward  Gor- 
don, a  layman's  introduction  to 
mechanical  engineering,  which 
is  "the  model  for  good  writing  on 
a  technical  subject  for  a  general 


audience."  On  Growth  and  Form 
by  D'Arcy  Thompson,  which, 
says  Vogel,  inspired  an  entire 
generation  of  zoologists. 

Will  Willimon,  dean  of 
Duke  Chapel: 

The  Bible,  Wise  Blood  by  Flannery 
O'Connor,  and  Madame  Bovary 
by  Gustav  Flaubert,  three  books 
that  take  a  very  honest  look  at 
the  human  condition  and,  says 
Willimon,  "are  much  more  hon- 
est about  people  than  I  am." 


We  asked  twenty-five 
undergraduates: 

Where  are  you  going  for 
Spring  Break? 

The  results: 

Florida:  7 
Home:  6 
Bahamas:  <• 
Myrtle  Beach:  4 
New  Orleans:  2 
Other:  2 

Of  the  six  students  who  are  going 
home,  four  said  they  would  have 
gone  elsewhere  if  they  had  any 
money.  Another  student  said 
he's  homeward  bound  "because 
my  dad  wants  me  to  mow  the 
grass."  And  another  commented, 
"I'll  stay  out  of  the  house  as 
much  as  possible  because  I  can't 
stand  mom's  cooking."  (We  didn't 
ask  him  how  it  compares  to  the 
Ratburger.) 

— compiled  by  Jonathan  Douglas; 
pollingby  Stephen  Martin  '95 


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MAGAZINE 


SALVAGING  HOPE  IN  THE  BALKANS 
LIVING  IN  CHERNOBYL'S  SHADOW 


PRIME-TIME  SURGERY 


THE  BRODIE  YEARS: 

Selected  Highlights 


H.  Keith  H.  Brodie  as- 
sumes  presidency  of 
Duke. 

Institute  of  Statistics 
and  Decision  Sciences 
established. 

Utsula  Werner '85 
named  Rhodes  Scholar. 

The  "Duke  Card," 
comprehensive  student 
charge  card,  introduced. 


between  courses,  and 
revises  the  advising  sys- 

Duke  and  the 
National  Science  Foun- 
dation sign  an  agreement 
establishing  an  Engi- 
neering Research  Center 
for  Emerging  Cardiovas- 
cular Technologies. 


Board  of  t 
for  divestment  of  $12.5 
million  in  stocks  in  com- 
panies doing  business  in 
South  Africa. 

William  Lipscomb  '87 
named  Rhodes  Scholar. 


88 


87 


Undergradu 
culum  revision  i 
graduation  requirements, 
emphasizes  cross-disci- 
plinary relationships 


Duke  celebrates  150 
years  with  a  year-long 
series  of  events. 

Women's  varsity  soc- 
cer begins  its  first  season 
at  Duke. 


*|§r 


Gertrude  Elion  and 
George  Hitchings,  two 
Burroughs  Wellcome 
Co.  scientists  with  Duke 
faculty  appointments, 
share  Nobel  Prize  for 
Medicine. 

Academic  Council 
resolution  calls  for 
incentives  to  increase 
minority-faculty  hiring. 

Expansion  completed 
of  North  Division  of 
Duke  Hospital. 

Construction  begins 
on  DukeNet,  university- 
wide  computer  informa- 
tion network. 

Cameron  Indoor  Sta- 


pleted. 


89 


Center  for  Documen- 
tary Studies  incorporated 
at  Duke  with  an  endow- 
ment grant  from  the 
Lyndhurst  Foundation. 

Use  guidelines  and 
administrative  structure 
established  for  Duke 
Forest. 

R.  David  Thomas 
Center  for  Executive 
Education  completed. 

Duke  Management 
Co.  established  to  han- 
dle university's  invest- 
ment management. 

Women's  Center 
established  to  sponsor 
programs  and  provide 
advocacy  for  women  and 
men  on  gender  issues. 

Schaefer  House, 
Duke's  first  new  resi- 
dence hall  in  more  than 
two  decades,  completed. 

Eye  Center  addition 
completed. 


90 


Ted  Smith  '90  named 
Rhodes  Scholar. 

Career  Development 
Center  established. 

Fuqua  School  of  Busi- 
ness opens  nation's  first 
cooperative  program 
educating  Soviet  man- 
agers about  free-market 
business  practices. 

Joseph  and  Kathleen 
Price  Bryan  Research 
Building  for  Neurobiol- 
ogy completed. 

Community  Service 
Center  opens  to  consoli- 
date community- 
involvement  activities. 

First  child-care  center 
for  faculty  and  staff 
opens. 


Course  registration  by 
phone,  Automated 
Computer  Enrollment 
System  (ACES),  begins. 

Free  Electron  Laser 
Lab  completed. 

Men's  basketball  team 
wins  NCAA  title  by 
defeating  Kansas. 

School  of  the  Envi- 


:  opens,  incorpo- 
rating the  old  School  of 
Forestry  and  Environ- 
mental Studies  and  the 
Marine  Lab. 


Center  for  Living, 
focusing  on  patient  care 
through  lifestyle  change 
as  well  as  medicine, 
completed. 

Construction  begins 
on  Leon  Levine  Science 
Research  Center. 

The  Campaign  for 
Duke  ($565  million), 
including  the  Capital 
Campaign  for  the  Arts  & 
Sciences  and  Engineer- 
ing ($221  million  in 
endowment),  concludes. 

92 

Brodie  announces 
intention  to  step  down 
on  July  1,1993,  to  return 
to  teaching  and  research. 

Perkins  Library  marks 
arrival  of  4  millionth 
volume. 

Men's  basketball  team 
wins  NCAA  title  by 
defeating  Michigan. 

Institute  of  Policy 
Sciences  and  Public 
Affairs  renamed  Terry 
Sanford  Institute  of  Pub- 
lic Policy;  construction 
begins  on  its  new  build- 
ing. 

Construction  begins 
on  law  school  expansion. 

Construction  begins 
on  Medical  Sciences 
Research  Building. 


Renovations  com- 
pleted on  Carr  Building, 
cornerstone  of  efforts  to 
revitalize  East  Campus. 

Board  of  trustees 
receives  initial  draft  of 
long-range  plan  for  the 
university. 

93 

Nannerl  O.  Keohane 
chosen  as  Duke's  next 
president. 

Srudents  and  faculty 
approve  academic  honor 
code  for  undergraduates. 

Academic  Council 
approves  new  harass- 
ment policy. 

Board  of  trustees 
approves  construction  of 
380-bed  residence  hall 
on  East  Campus. 


® 


MAY- 
JUNE  1993 


DUKE 


VOLUME  79 
NUMBER  4 


EDITOR: 

Robert  J.  Bitwise  A.M. '88 
ASSOCIATE  EDITOR: 
Sam  Hull 

FEATURES  EDITOR: 
Bridget  Booher  '82,  A.M.  '92 
SCIENCE  EDITOR: 
Dennis  Meredith 
EDITORIAL  ASSISTANT: 
lonathan  Douglas 
STUDENT  INTERN: 
Stephen  Martin  '95 
DESIGN  CONSULTANT: 
West  Side  Studio,  Inc. 
PUBLISHER:  M.  Laney 
Funderburkjr.'60 

OFFICERS,  DUKE  ALUMNI 
ASSOCIATION: 
Edward  M.Hanson  Jr.  73, 
A.M.  77,  J.D.  77,  president; 
StanleyG.BradingJr.75, 
president-elect;  M.  Laney 
Funderburk  Jr.  '60,  secretary- 
treasurer. 

PRESIDENTS,  SCHOOL 
AND  COLLEGE  ALUMNI 
ASSOCIATIONS: 
Sylvester  L.  Shannon  B.D.  '66, 
Dinnirv  School;  G.  Robert 
Graham  B.S.C.E.  77,  School  of 
Engineering;  Bartow  S.  Shaw 
M.F.  '64,  School  of  the  Environ- 
ment; Kitk  J.  Bradley  M.B.A. 
'86,  Fuqua  School  of  Business; 
David  G.KlaberJ.D. '69, 
School  of  Law,  Robert  M.  Rose- 
mond  M.D.  '53,  School  of  Medi- 
cine; Christine  Mundie  Willis 
B.S.N.  73,  School  of  Nursing; 
Mane  Koval  Nardone  M.S.  79, 
A.H.C  79,  Graduate  Program 
in  Physical  Therapy;  Margaret 
Adams  Harris  '38,  LL.B.  '40, 
Hal/-Century  Club. 

EDITORIAL  ADVISORY 
BOARD:  Clay  Felker '51, 
chairman;  Frederick  F.  Andrews 
'60;  Debra  Blum  '87;  Sarah 
Hardesry  Bray  72;  Holly  B. 
Brubach  75;  Nancy  L.  Oardwell 
'69;  Jerrold  K.  Footlick;  Edward 
M.  Gome:  79;  Elirabeth  H. 
Locke  '64,  Ph.D.  72;  Thomas 
P.  Losee  Jr.  '63;  Peter  Maas  '49; 
Hugh  S.  Sidey;  Richard  Austin 
Smith  '35;  Susan  Tifft  73; 
RobertJ.BliwiseA.M.'88, 
secretary. 

Composition  by  Liberated 
Types,  Ltd.;  printing  by  PBM 
Graphics  Inc.;  printed  on 
Warren  Recovery  Matte  White 
and  Cross  Pointe  Sycamore 
Offset  Tan 

©1993  Duke  University 
Published  bimonthly  by  the 
Office  of  Alumni  Affairs;  vol- 
untary subscriptions  S20  per 
yean  Duke  Magazine,  Alumni 
House.  614  Chapel  Drive. 
Box  90570.  Durham,  N.C. 
27708-0570;  (919)  684-51 14. 


Cover:  Using  wire  as  tendons  and  plastic 
for  bone,  designer  Chuck  Pell  can  demon- 
strate how  the  torquing  of  artificial  fish 
spines  creates  riatural  propulsion.  Photo  by 
Chris  Hildreth 


A  QUIET  LEADER'S  LEGACY  by  Robert].  Bitwise  2 

"I  think  it's  been  a  hallmark  of  my  presidency  that  people  have  felt  listened  to,"  says  Duke's 
departing  leader,  H.  Keith  H.  Brodie,  of  his  eight  years  in  office 

OF  TWIDDLY  FISH  AND  ELEPHANTS'  TRUNKS  by  Dennis  Meredith  8~ 

The  Bio-Design  Studio  provides  the  meeting  ground  for  science  and  sculpture,  where  a  Duke 
zoologist  and  a  designer  who  once  developed  animated  dinosaurs  can  learn  from  each  other 

HEALING  THE  WOUNDS  OF  WAR  byNeilBoothby  V2 

In  the  former  Yugoslavia,  thousands  of  children  have  been  so  extraordinarily  traumatized 
that  even  when  the  bullets  and  bombs  stop,  they  still  find  the  prospects  of  living  a  day-to-day 
life  difficult 

THE  CHERNOBYL  CHILDREN  by  David  Kerr  Wilcox  14~ 

The  power-plant  catastrophe  has  left  an  indelible  mark  on  a  whole  society  and  an  entire 
generation  of  Ukranian  children 

LIGHTS  CAMERA  SCALPEL  by  Bridget  Booher  37 

While  not  for  the  squeamish,  The  Operation  takes  viewers  behind  the  scenes  for  a  range  of 
surgical  procedures,  from  the  routine  to  the  almost  unbelievable 

FOR  THE  LOVE  OF  THE  GAME  by  Michael  Townsend  40~ 

Whether  taken  with  the  idea  of  skydiving  or  skating,  playing  Ultimate  Frisbee  or  water 
polo,  students  have  a  wealth  of  opportunities  for  competition 


RETROSPECTIVES  22 

Big  Band  on  Campus:  the  renowned  Les  Brown 


TRANSITIONS 

From  ministry  to  menagerie 


34 


FORUM 

Geography  lessons,  rap  warnings,  parachuting  performances 


35 


GAZETTE  43 

The  relentless  pursuit  of  dance,  the  return  of  Neil  Simon,  the  rethinking  of  harassment 

BOOKS  50~ 

The  rough  road  home  in  Southern  stories,  the  twists  and  turns  of  a  detective  tale 


QUAD  QUOTES 

Black  and  white  and  60  Minutes,  cults  and  apocalyptic  events 


52 


A  QUIET 
LEADERS 
LEGACY 

BYROBERTJ.BLIWISE 

H.  KEITH  H.  BRODIE: 

Office  hours,  Brodie 

style:  informal  and 

accessible  to  students 

ASSESSING  THE  PRESIDENCY 

"I  think  it's  been  a  hallmark  of  my  presidency  that 

people  have  felt  listened  to,"  says  Duke's  departing 

leader  of  his  eight  years  in  office. 

■  t  might  require  skills,  as  a  New  York 

■  Times  account  once  said,  fit  only  for 

■  "God,  on  a  good  day."  "It"  is  the  uni- 
H  versity  presidency,  which,  for  Duke, 

shifts  at  the  end  of  June  from  H.  Keith  H. 
Brodie  to  Nannerl  O.  Keohane.  Brodie,  a 
psychiatrist,  will  begin  a  one-year  sabbatical 
leave  to  write  a  book  about  the  tensions  of 
the  university  presidency;  from  there  his 
plans  are  to  return  to  Duke  as  a  teacher  and 
researcher.  And  what  might  he  tell  his  suc- 
cessor before  leaving?  "I'd  welcome  her  to 
one  of  the  best  jobs  in  America,"  he  says. 

Maybe  one  of  the  best  jobs,  but  also  one 
of  the  most  taxing.  After  eight  years  in  the 
presidency,    "I    will   miss    the    chance    to 
strengthen  the  place,  the  chance  to  help 
recruit  a  wonderful  faculty  and  outstand- 
ing   students,"    Brodie    says.    "That's    an 
opportunity  that  comes  to  very  few  people 
in  a  lifetime.  But  I  will  not  miss  the  official 
breakfasts  and  the  luncheons  and  the  din- 
ners,   the    commitments    of    nights    and 
weekends,  the  traveling  and  the  handshak- 
ing, the  cajoling  and  the  back-slapping." 

Brodie  delivers  his  self-assessment  with 
characteristic  candor.  And  his  words  get  to 
the  core  of  his  presidency:  This  is  a  very 

private  person  in  a  very  public  role,  an 
individual  described  by  colleagues  as  mod- 
est and  even  shy,  a  president  who  had  lit- 
tle taste  for  life  on  the  speaking  circuit  or 
for  the  demands  of  cultivating  donors,  but 
who  relished  his  roles  as  listener,  teacher, 
and  consensus-builder. 

"Keith  Brodie  has  made  an  enormous 
contribution  during  his  tenure  as  presi- 
dent," says  John  Forlines  '39.  As  a  Duke 
trustee,  Forlines  headed  the  search  com- 
mittee that  identified  Brodie  for  the  presi- 
dency. "It's  a  tough  job  and  obviously  he 
hasn't  pleased  everybody.  Keith's  biggest 
weakness  was  in  the  public  relations  and 
fund-raising  area,  in  which  he  was  never 
comfortable.  However,  from  an  academic 
standpoint,  the  university  is  much  stronger 
and  more  highly  regarded  than  ever 
before,  both  regionally  and  nationally.  I 
think  he  brought  to  the  job  unquestioned 
integrity  and  an  intelligent  sense  of  what 
Duke  is  all  about." 

"It  was  very  clear  that  Keith  knew  Duke 
University,  that  he  had  a  very  diverse 
series  of  experiences  within  the  university," 
says  Neil  Williams  '58,  J.D.  '61,  trustee 
chair  when  Brodie  was  named  president. 

DUKE   MAGAZINE 


A 

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"At  a  time  when  change  was  going  to  be  a 
major  fact  of  life  at  Duke,  it  was  important 
that  our  top  university  officer  understand 
the  school,  understand  the  nature  of  this 
particular  research  university.  Secondly,  it 
seemed  to  me  that  one  of  the  things  he 
could  bring  to  the  job  was  a  very  strong 
desire  to  empower  leadership  in  various 
places — not  only  within  the  Allen  Build- 
ing, but  throughout  the  university.  It 
seemed  to  me,  and  it  still  seems  to  me, 
that  a  university  which  can  emphasize  a 
degree  of  dispersed  leadership — real  lead- 
ership and  real  dispersal — is  going  to  be 
ahead  of  the  game. 

"Keith  has  let  others  have  the  spotlight 
from  time  to  time;  he  has  gotten  his  own 
ego  out  of  the  way  on  some  important 
issues.  That  was  a  capacity  which  was 
identifiable.  And  during  this  particular 
time,  it  has  served  Duke  very  well." 

For  some  faculty  members,  the  Brodie 
years — which  were  clearly  a  period  of 
accomplishment  for  Duke — stand  apart 
from  the  less  clear  Brodie  contribution,  says 
Richard  Burton,  who  chairs  the  Academic 
Council.  It's  not  hard  to  find  faculty  critics 
who  complain  of  lackluster  academic  lead- 
ership. But  a  Brodie  observer  and  admirer 
for  two  decades,  Duke  chief  of  surgery 
David  Sabiston,  says,  "As  the  years  pass, 
Keith's  contributions  to  Duke  will  become 
ever  more  apparent.  He  will  be  remembered 
as  a  very  strong  and  visionary  president." 

Brodie  graduated  from  Princeton  and 
received  his  M.D.  from  Columbia.  He 
joined  the  faculty  of  Stanford's  medical 
school  in  1970,  and  came  to  Duke  four 
years  later  as  chair  of  the  psychiatry 
department  and  chief  of  psychiatry  service. 
He  was  then  thirty-five.  In  the  summer  of 
1982,  he  was  tapped  by  then-president 
Terry  Sanford  to  be  university  chancellor. 
For  a  year,  he  also  took  on  the  assignment 
of  acting  provost.  The  trustees  chose  him 


"Keith  has  let  others 
have  the  spotlight  from 

time  to  time;  he  has 
gotten  his  own  ego  out 

of  the  way  on  some 
important  issues." 


for  the  presidency  in  December  1984;  he 
began  in  the  job  the  following  July. 

"There  may  have  been  a  knee-jerk  feel- 
ing among  some  that  if  you  put  a  doctor  in 
charge,  you'll  have  another  Johns  Hopkins 
here,"  Brodie  says.  "But  I  had  taught  an 
undergraduate  course  through  the  psychol- 
ogy department,  I  had  an  appointment  in 
the  law  school,  I  was  on  a  university  long- 
range  planning  committee,  and  as  chan- 
cellor I  was  acquainted  with  the  broad 
scope  of  the  place." 

His  three-year  chancellorship  under 
Terry  Sanford — a  former  governor  of  North 
Carolina,  more  recently  a  U.S.  senator, 
and  an  outgoing  individual  who  takes  to 
crowds  effusively — provided  "a  wonderful 
foundation"  for  the  step  into  the  presidency, 
Brodie  says.  "Every  president  has  brought  a 
certain  set  of  strengths  and  weaknesses  to 
the  job.  I  would  have  loved  to  have  had 
Terry's  enthusiasm  for  travel  and  fund  rais- 
ing, for  working  with  large  groups  of  peo- 
ple. I  do  better  in  smaller  groups,  so  I 
structured  office  hours  and  working  lunch- 
es. And  having  spent  time  with  faculty 
issues,  I  could  bring  the  faculty  perspective 
to  bear  on  the  university  presidency." ' 

Even  against  that  background,  Brodie 
says  the  presidency  can  be  overwhelming. 


"I  think  the  demands  of  this  position  are 
something  no  one  really  knows  until  you 
begin  in  it.  You  get  the  mail,  the  phone 
calls — every  alumnus,  every  faculty  mem- 
ber, every  student,  every  parent  at  times 
feels  they  need  access  to  the  president.  I 
simply  didn't  know  what  the  phone  and 
mail  traffic  would  be  like.  It's  awesome. 
On  the  other  hand,  it's  healthy  that  peo- 
ple feel  that  way,  that  the  presidency  is  an 
approachable  position." 

His  training  as  a  psychiatrist  equipped 
him  well  to  take  on  some  aspects  of  the 
job,  but  it  left  him  unprepared  in  other 
respects,  Brodie  says.  "In  psychiatry,  you're 
trained  to  listen  acutely  and  to  be  aware 
that  sometimes  the  important  matter  is  not 
the  overt  message  that  the  person  comes 
in  with.  I  think  it's  been  a  hallmark  of  my 
presidency  that  people  have  felt  listened 
to.  What's  been  difficult  has  been  the  real- 
ization that  in  the  presidency,  everything 
has  a  public-relations  dimension,  and  there 
is  no  such  thing  as  a  confidential  conver- 
sation. You  have  to  be  prepared  for  the 
fact  that  somebody  may  leave  that  meeting 
and  quote  you  instantly  to  the  press." 

"I've  asked  myself  what  difference  it 
makes  that  he's  a  psychiatrist,"  says  uni- 
versity minister  Will  Willimon.  "He  lis- 
tens a  lot  to  what  you've  got  to  say,  and  he 
responds  to  personalities.  For  a  lot  of  acad- 
emic types,  everything  is  principle  and 
nothing  is  personality.  Their  tendency  is 
to  say,  let's  abstract  everything  to  larger 
issues;  everything  is  a  structural,  systemic, 
procedural  thing.  For  this  president,  prin- 
ciples and  issues  are  important,  but  every- 
thing comes  down  to  an  interest  in  people. 
And  he  has  a  basic  faith  that  if  we're  will- 
ing to  talk  about  our  differences,  we  can 
work  them  out." 

Willimon  says  he  was  struck  by  Brodie's 
words  at  a  campus  "teach-in,"  held  in  front 
of  the  Chapel,  that  followed  last  year's  Los 
Angeles  riots.  Brodie  agonized  publicly  over 
Duke's  inability  to  make  a  larger  contribu- 
tion to  fight  the  scourge  of  racism.  "It  was 
an  amazing  moment  for  a  university  presi- 
dent," Willimon  says.  "It  was  totally 
devoid  of  the  sort  of  administrative  dou- 
ble-talk you'd  expect  to  hear." 

Few  would  dispute  the  assessment  that 
Michael  Saul  '94  offered  in  The  Chronicle's 
look  at  the  president's  legacy:  "Brodie  gen- 
erally approaches  issues — especially  con- 
troversy— by  seeking  compromise  and 
building  consensus."  Adrian  Dollard  '92,  a 
former  Chronicle  managing  editor  and  now 
a  Duke  law  student  and  chair-elect  of  the 
Chronicle  board,  says  that  in  his  presiden- 
tial "balancing  act,"  Brodie  took  the 
"inclusive,  sometimes  less  productive  ap- 
proach rather  than  the  exclusive,  deter- 
mined-leadership approach.  Sometimes 
Duke  has  seemed  to  lack  direction,  and 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


sometimes  decisions  have  been  changed. 
But  we  didn't  have  people  complain  that 
they  were  cut  out  of  the  process  or  that 
they  were  steam-rollered." 

In  February  1992,  the  academic  deans 
announced  their  decision  to  reduce  the 
number  of  four-year  A.B.  Duke  merit 
scholarships  from  twenty  to  fifteen — a 
move  meant  to  help  offset  an  anticipated 
budgetary  shortfall.  Brodie  averted  a  policy 
clash  by  personally  sponsoring  five  four- 
year  merit  scholarships,  at  a  cost  of 
$350,000.  He  called  on  the  deans  to  cut 
costs  elsewhere  in  the  future  if  they  want- 
ed to  preserve  the  scholarship  program.  "I 
am  concerned  that  a  divisiveness  has  been 
created  on  campus,"  Brodie  said  in  a  state- 
ment, "a  divisiveness  which  pits  the  deci- 
sion of  the  athletic  director  to  continue 
scholarships  for  student  athletes  while  cut- 
ting other  costs,  against  the  deans'  deci- 
sion to  cut  merit  scholarships  as  opposed 
to  taking  additional  cuts  in  non-academic 
expenditures  under  their  control." 

Says  Dollard:  "It  was  a  tremendous  ges- 
ture, and  I  have  great  respect  for  what  he 
did  personally.  But  I  don't  know  if  it  repre- 
sents the  institutional  solution  that  we 
need  to  a  problem." 

And  there  are  examples — as  the  student 
newspaper  put  it — of  the  president's  "hold- 
ing the  reins  loosely."  Wary  that  Duke  was 
becoming  too  expensive  for  middle-class 
students,  Brodie  two  years  ago  recom- 
mended a  5  percent  undergraduate  tuition 
hike,  adopting  a  "status  quo"  formula  that 
adds  two  percentage  points  to  the  Con- 
sumer Price  Index.  Tuition  "is  not  a  per- 
petually elastic  source  of  revenue,  particu- 
larly in  a  more  stringent  economic  climate," 
he  said  at  the  time.  Others,  though,  dis- 
agreed with  that  thinking.  They  lobbied 
for  a  higher  increase,  the  trustees  ended  up 
raising  tuition  by  6.8  percent,  and — as  a 
result  of  across-the-board  belt-tightening 
and  unexpected  revenues — the  university 
ended  up  with  a  $3 -million  surplus  for  the 
academic  year. 

Leonard  Beckum,  a  vice  president  and 
vice  provost  hired  by  Brodie,  says  that  as  a 
manager,  "Keith  probably  would  have  been 
even  more  effective  had  he  had  a  somewhat 
heavier  foot  when  the  need  was  there. 
Sometimes,  you  get  to  the  point  where 
negotiations  don't  work.  And  you  need  to 
be  heavy-footed.  You  need  to  kick." 

"Duke  is  a  huge,  sprawling  place  with 
many,  many  strongly  held  and,  in  some 
cases,  quite  entrenched  interests,"  says 
physics  professor  Lawrence  Evans.  Evans 
says  he's  seen  a  lack  of  coordination  at 
Duke.  "You  need  some  kind  of  overall 
direction  to  the  enterprise;  you  need  to  see 
to  it  that  these  people  are  not  working  at 
cross  purposes.  But  it's  been  pretty  much 
every  school  for  itself,  every  strong  person- 


"He  has  been  a  constant 

supporter  of  broadening 

and  diversifying  the 

student  body." 


ality  for  himself — a  battle  of  the  fittest, 
with  the  president  looking  on,  perhaps  in 
wry  amusement.  I  don't  know  if  he  had 
any  strong  feelings.  If  so,  he  certainly 
never  said  much." 

Still,  Brodie  has  made  a  mark  on  acade- 
mic life  and  physical  growth  at  the  univer- 
sity. Former  Duke  provost  Phillip  Griffiths, 
at  a  trustee  dinner  in  honor  of  Brodie,  said, 
"He  believed  in  the  academic  mission  of  a 
great  university,  and  he  consistently  allo- 
cated resources  to  empower  the  enhance- 
ment of  academics  here  at  Duke."  Grif- 
fiths, now  director  of  the  Institute  for 
Advanced  Study  in  Princeton,  New  Jersey, 
added,  "It  seems  to  me  that  the  key  to  his 
leadership  has  been  an  ability  to  identify 
excellent  people  and  then  give  them  the 
support  they  need  to  succeed." 

Divinity  School  dean  Dennis  Campbell 
'67,  Ph.D.  73  praises  Brodie  for  his  "will- 
ingness to  allow  the  deans  a  great  deal  of 
freedom  and  autonomy."  In  his  view,  it's  a 
style  that  suits  "the  modern  complex  uni- 
versity." If  Brodie  had  worked  to  centralize 
authority,  he  would  have  been  the  focus  of 
faculty  ire  for  heavy-handedness,  Camp- 
bell says. 

One  of  the  toughest  things  he's 
addressed,  Brodie  says,  has  been  interdisci- 
plinary study — which  was  a  theme  of  his 
inauguration  speech.  Disciplinary  demar- 
cations aren't  easily  straddled.  But  a  major 
legacy  of  Brodie's  administration,  and  per- 
haps of  his  style,  is  the  interdisciplinary 
School  of  the  Environment,  which  links 
the  old  School  of  Forestry  and  the  Marine 
Lab.  The  school's  first  dean,  Norm  Chris- 
tensen,  says  that  "when  the  idea  was  pre- 
sented to  the  president's  office,  there  was  a 
very  rapid  acceptance  and  a  great  deal  of 
leadership  in  moving  it  through  various 
hoops  and  hurdles.  Ideas  tend  to  bubble 
up,  and  that's  always  for  the  best,  but 
somebody  at  the  top  has  to  nurture  them, 
and  there  Keith's  role  was  absolutely  criti- 
cal. This  idea  could  have  easily  died  in  the 
process  without  Keith's  support." 

The  ongoing  planning  for  an  East  Cam- 
pus residence  hall  may  be  emblematic.  "As 
I've  said  many  times  to  the  Academic 
Council,  we're  not  General  Motors,  and 
we're  not  in  the  situation  where  the  CEO 
can  decide  to  build  a  building  and  just  go 


and  build  it,"  Brodie  says.  "Here  we  came 
up  against  some  interesting  issues  that  the 
community  as  a  whole,  I  think,  should 
address.  One  of  those  issues  is  whether  or 
not  East  Campus  should  become  an  all 
first-year-student  campus.  And  if  that's  the 
case,  then  we  need  to  build  dormitories 
there  to  accommodate  those  numbers.  Well, 
that  would  have  implications  for  the 
upperclass  students  now  on  East,  and  we 
would  need  to  worry  about  placing  addi- 
tional buildings  on  West  Campus  or  Cen- 
tral Campus.  So  even  a  seemingly  simple 
issue  can  develop  into  a  major  policy  ques- 
tion, which  makes  it  important  to  hear 
from  all  the  constituencies  that  have  a 
stake  in  how  it's  resolved." 

But  the  most  visible  legacy  of  the  Brodie 
years  represents  at  once  a  massive  facilities 
enhancement  and  a  tribute  to  the  interdis- 
ciplinary spirit — the  $77-million  Levine 
Science  Research  Center,  scheduled  to 
open  next  year.  Stretching  almost  the 
length  of  three  football  fields,  the  center 
will  join  under  one  roof  researchers  from 
the  sciences,  engineering,  the  medical 
center,  and  the  School  of  the  Environ- 
ment. The  175,000-square-foot  building  is 
the  most  ambitious  construction  project  in 
the  university's  history.  Brodie  and  other 
senior  administrators  rejected  a  consul- 
tant's plan  for  the  addition  of  smaller 
wings  on  existing  science  and  engineering 
buildings  and  for  a  separate  technology 
center.  Instead,  they  pushed  the  idea  of  an 
interdisciplinary  science  building,  enlisted 
key  faculty  members,  and  eventually  won 
over  the  Academic  Council. 

"Everyone  agreed  that  we  needed  more 
science  space,"  Brodie  says,  "and  yet  every- 
one wanted  additional  space  in  their  own 
building.  It  was  very  difficult  getting  peo- 
ple to  accept  a  different  concept."  A  long 
series  of  meetings  with  faculty  members  in 
the  relevant  departments  ensued.  "In  the 
end,  I  think  the  opportunities  that  this 
building  permits — the  shared  resources, 
group  labs,  common  meeting  rooms  and 
dining  area — will  produce  the  best  sort  of 
colleagueship." 

The  presidential  style  has,  in  recent 
years,  produced  fairly  easygoing  relations 
with  the  faculty.  In  1988,  a  fifteen-member 
task  force  on  university  governance  found 
that  the  faculty  was  excluded  from  partici- 
pation in  major  decisions.  Duke  political 
scientist  James  David  Barber,  a  strident  and 
vociferous  Brodie  critic,  complained  in  a 
student-newspaper  column  that  "The  arbi- 
trary decision-making  of  this  administra- 
tion— for  which  the  president  is  clearly 
responsible — is  more  and  more  evident." 

Others  on  the  faculty  disagree  with  Bar- 
ber's assessment.  "In  terms  of  faculty  in- 
volvement in  governance,  he's  been  very 
supportive,"  says  Academic  Council  chair 


May-June    1993 


BRENDA  BRODIE 

They're  not  going  to  Dis- 
neyland, but  when  H. 
Keith  H.  Brodie  steps 
down  as  Duke's  president,  the 
Brodie  family  will  take  some 
time  off  to  relax  a  bit  And 
while  the  phone  may  ring  less 
often  and  campus  controver- 
sies may  not  seem  quite  as 
urgent,  life  will  go  on  as  before 
for  Brenda  Barrowclough 
Brodie  and  their  children. 

"Our  plans  will  slowly 
evolve  during  the  coming 
year,"  she  says,  "but  right  now 
we  have  nothing  immediate 
that  we  intend  to  do."  Except, 
of  course,  the  annual  summer 
retreat  to  their  home  on  Mount 
Desert  Isle,  Maine.  "It's  won- 
derful, but  I  hate  that  we  have 
to  leave  during  the  dance  festi- 
val," she  says. 

Brodie,  who  is  on  the  Ameri- 
can Dance  Festival's  board  of 
directors,  speaks  enthusiasti- 
cally about  her  Duke  and 
Durham  community  involve- 
ments. While  her  husband  has 
been  on  the  front  line  of  uni- 
versity developments,  Brodie 
quietly  and  purposefully  pur- 
sued her  own  interests.  She  is  a 
past  president  of  the  Durham 
Day  Care  Council,  serves  on 
the  Durham  Academy's  board, 
and  is  active  with  several  Duke 
advisory  groups  and  commit- 
tees, including  the  Women's 
Studies  Council  and  the 
Friends  of  Duke  Chapel. 

She  is  the  outgoing  president 
of  the  Durham  Arts  Council, 
an  organization  that  she  plans 
to  stay  affiliated  with  even 


after  her  tenure.  "I  go  to 
Raleigh  and  Chapel  Hill  to 
check  out  the  competition," 
she  says,  "and  I'm  impressed 
with  the  quality  and  the  way 
we  present  our  work.  We  give 
out  a  lot  of  grant  money,  we 
sponsor  wonderful  programs  in 
the  public  schools,  and  we 
have  top-notch  instructors. 
That's  not  too  subjective  is  it?" 

She's  also  looking  to  launch 
a  community  garden  that 
would  combine  a  number  of 
different  but  complementary 
components.  "We  could  teach 
gardening,  which  is  really  an 
art,  so  it  would  be  educational. 
And  we'd  give  the  produce 
that's  grown  to  organizations 
that  help  the  needy."  In  the 
past,  Duke  students  have  tried 
to  get  such  an  initiative  off  the 
ground,  but  the  high  turnover 
rate  doomed  it  to  failure. 
"Plants  need  a  lot  of  love  and 
care,"  says  Brodie.  "Unless 
you  have  a  staff  to  keep  conti- 
nuity, it's  hard  to  sustain." 

Brodie  says  that  being  mar- 
ried to  a  university  president 
"has  been  very  interesting. 
Right  now,  it  seems  shorter  than 
eight  years,  but  other  days  it  can 
seem  much,  much  longer.  Obvi- 
ously, we've  been  thrown  into 
the  public  eye  and  have  become 
a  lot  busier,  but  nothing  has 
really  surprised  me." 

Given  the  inevitable  ups  and 
downs  of  any  high-profile  posi- 
tion, Brenda  Brodie  says  she 
has  weathered  criticisms  aimed 
at  her  husband  by  not  taking 
them  personally.  "With  the 
media,  you  often  feel  the  por- 


trayal [of  a  particular  event]  is 
not  always  the  correct  one,  but 
it  comes  with  the  territory.  So 
when  that  happens,  you  accept 
it  and  move  on." 

And  what  advice  would  she 
give  Robert  Keohane  on  being 
married  to  a  university  presi- 
dent? "Oh,  Robert  will  do  beau- 
tifully," she  says.  "He's  a  great 
guy  and  will  have  his  own  style 
and  way  of  doing  things.  As  a 
professor,  he  has  special 
insights,  too.  When  he  called  to 
introduce  himself  and  get  my 
side  of  being  a  president's 
spouse,  he  said,  'Well,  since  I'm 
a  professor,  I  know  who  really 
runs  the  university' — meaning 
the  faculty!  But  he'll  be  a  great 
help  to  Nan." 

"Change  always  makes  peo- 
ple anxious,"  says  Brenda 
Brodie  of  the  presidential  transi- 
tion. "But  change  is  healthy.  It 
will  be  good  for  the  institution. 
Duke  is  in  a  great  place  at  a 
great  time.  Our  future  is  bright" 

— Bridget  Booher 


Richard  Burton.  As  an  example,  Brodie 
formed  a  President's  Advisory  Committee 
on  Resources,  which  strengthened  the  fac- 
ulty voice  in  areas  that  range  from  finan- 
cial priorities  to  trustee  selection.  Burton 
adds  that  Brodie  has  a  natural  sympathy 
for  faculty  interests.  "I  think  Keith  is  still 
the  teacher  and  the  researcher  at  heart." 

As  it  happens,  one  of  the  unusual 
aspects  of  Brodie's  presidency  has  been  his 
regular  use  of  the  Allen  Building  Board 
Room  as  a  seminar  room.  He  began  by 
teaching  a  course  there  each  semester; 
under  pressure  from  the  trustees  to  spend 
more  time  in  external  affairs,  he  reduced 
his  annual  teaching  commitment  to  a  one- 
semester  freshman  seminar.  The  seminar 
looks  at  issues  in  neurobiology.  One  of  this 
year's  students,  Nicole  Smith,  calls  Brodie 
"probably  the  finest  teacher  I've  had  so  far 
at  Duke.  He  always  invites  our  participa- 
tion, he  is  never  critical,  and  he  encour- 
ages us  to  develop  our  ideas  thoughtfully." 
Smith  says  that  by  the  second  class,  Brodie 
had  mastered  every  student's  name. 
She  accents  Brodie's  accessibility,  saying 


the  president 
was  always  11 
responsive  to  * 
phone  calls  High  profiles:  his  up  front, 
and  appoint-  hers  m  the  Durham  community 
ment  requests  from  students,  and  his  infor- 
mality: Brodie  occasionally  took  the  class 
outdoors,  arranged  a  group  dinner  at  his 
home,  had  an  end-of-the-semester  photo 
taken,  and  committed  himself  to  orga- 
nizing a  "reunion"  in  the  fall  during  which 
he'll  distribute  individual  copies  of 
the  photo. 

Four  or  five  times  a  semester,  Brodie  led 
informal  "fireside"  chats — sometimes  with 
a  soothing  videotape  of  a  fire  as  his  back- 
drop— in  the  common  rooms  of  residence 
halls.  A  local  education  writer  described 
one  session  as  "campus  group  therapy,  a 
cathartic  and  collective  yawp,"  and  found 
the  students  engaged  in  heated  debate — 
perhaps  more  with  each  other  than  with  the 
president — on  the  quality  of  introductory 
courses  and  the  stinginess  of  gym  hours. 
"A  few  years  ago,  one  group  challenged  me 
to  go  out  to  Carr  and  try  to  sit  in  those 


seats,"  Brodie  said  after  that  session.  "And 
it  wasn't  too  comfortable."  A  completely 
renovated  Carr  Building  opened  at  the 
beginning  of  this  academic  year. 

Brodie  also  placed  a  president's  sugges- 
tion box  in  the  Bryan  Center,  had  a  sign- 
up lunch  series  for  students,  brought  in 
student  editors  for  pizza  and  off-the-record 
conversations,  and  held  office  hours  for  two 
hours  each  week.  "It  always  tickles  me  that 
so  many  university  presidents  I  talked  to  in 
the  late  Eighties  were  astounded  that  I  had 
office  hours,"  Brodie  says.  "To  them  that 
was  sort  of  a  marvel.  But  the  few  presidents 
who  have  tried  it  have  found  it  very  useful." 
His  continuing  contact  with  students 
give  him  an  appreciation  for  "the  real  ten- 
sions that  students  are  under,"  Brodie  says, 
and  helped  to  inspire  initiatives  like  a 
comprehensive  Career  Development  Cen- 
ter. Seminar  student  Nicole  Smith  was  an 
organizer  of  a  spring  symposium  on  "Sex  at 
Duke,"  in  which  AIDS  was  the  main 
theme.  She  says  that  when  she  was  "hitting 
brick  walls  everywhere  else  on  campus," 
Brodie  provided  her  with  direction  and 
financial  support.  Adrian  Dol- 
lard  mentions  Brodie's  kindness 
toward  Matt  Sclafani  '92,  a 
Chronicle  editor  who  waged  a 
spirited  but  losing  battle  against 
leukemia.  Brodie  "diverted  him- 
self from  the  duties  of  running 
this  large  institution,"  as  Dollard 
puts  it,  "to  make  Matt's  last 
days  more  comfortable."  Brodie 
helped  with  arrangements  for 
Sclafani's  medical  treatment, 
made  sickbed  visits,  sent  notes 
and  gifts,  and,  finally,  spoke  at 
<  the  memorial  service  on  campus, 
s  "You  wouldn't  expect  a  president 
~  with  an  agenda  of  eight  million 
or  so  other  things  to  get  to  know 
a  student  so  well,"  says  Dollard. 
Last  fall,  Brodie's  attention  was  evident 
when  another  tragedy  struck  the  campus — 
the  death  of  first-year  student  Amy 
Geissinger,  who  fell  out  the  door  of  a  Duke 
Transit  bus.  University  minister  Will 
Willimon  recalls  that  Brodie  convened  a 
group  of  administrators  immediately  after 
the  accident.  "At  that  moment,  he  was 
obviously  reacting  like  a  parent  in  pain. 
He  said  we  had  to  sweep  away  all  the  pro- 
cedural and  administrative  and  legal  issues 
and,  instead,  focus  on  the  two  basic  things: 
that  a  student  who  was  given  to  our  trust 
had  been  horribly  taken  away  from  her 
loved  ones,  and  that  we  had  a  bunch  of  kids 
here  who  had  witnessed  a  terrible  event." 

Indicator  after  indicator  points  to  a 
record  of  progress  during  the  Brodie  years. 
Since  1985,  Duke  has  enjoyed  a  dramatic 
rise  in  the  number  of  undergraduate  appli- 
cations (now  13,731).  In  1985,  75  percent 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


of  the  applicants  were  in  the  top  tenth  of 
their  high  school  graduating  classes;  now, 
more  than  90  percent  are.  Graduate  school 
applications  have  more  than  doubled, 
and — while  Duke  has  deliberately  kept 
undergraduate  enrollment  relatively 
steady — graduate  and  professional-school 
enrollment  has  increased  20  percent. 
Minority  enrollment  among  undergraduates 
has  increased  from  11  percent  to  20  per- 
cent. Study-abroad  programs  have  grown 
from  seven  to  eighteen,  with  about  a  third 
of  the  undergraduate  student  body  taking 
at  least  one  semester  abroad;  international 
enrollments  have  increased  by  one  third. 
The  student  to  faculty  ratio  has  dropped 
from  14:1  to  11:1.  And  though  probably 
not  keyed  to  presidential  leadership,  Duke 
partisans  can  point  to  one  national  cham- 
pionship in  men's  soccer  and  two  in  men's 
basketball. 

At  a  time  when  many  of  the  nation's 
universities  are  faced  with  operating  defi- 
cits and  deferred-maintenance  needs  of 
nightmarish  dimensions,  Duke's  financial 
health  seems  remarkable.  John  Koskinen 
'61,  who  chairs  the  trustee  finance  com- 
mittee, points  to  not  just  "a  tradition  of 
balanced  budgets"  at  Duke,  but  to  "a  tradi- 
tion of  building  reserve  funds  for  deferred 
maintenance  and  other  contingencies." 
During  the  span  of  Brodie's  presidency,  the 
budget  for  undergraduate  financial  aid  has 
more  than  doubled.  Forty-six  endowed 
professorships  have  been  created.  Duke  has 
moved  into  the  ranks  of  the  top  five  pri- 
vate universities  in  support  from  founda- 
tions and  the  top  five  in  total  corporate 
support.  With  the  successful  completion  of 
a  campaign  dedicated  to  endowment  in 
the  arts  and  sciences  and  engineering,  the 
university  endowment  has  more  than  dou- 
bled, to  approximately  $600  million. 

Brodie's  presidency  coincided  with  a 
building  boom  on  campus.  Among  the 
projects:  the  R.  David  Thomas  Center  for 
Executive  Education,  the  Joseph  and 
Kathleen  Price  Bryan  Research  Building 
for  Neurobiology,  an  Eye  Center  addition, 
expansion  of  the  North  Division  of  the 
hospital,  the  Free  Electron  Laser  Lab,  the 
Center  for  Living,  and  Schaefer  House, 
Duke's  first  new  residence  hall  in  more 
than  two  decades.  Carr  Building  on  East 
Campus  was  remodeled  extensively  for  the 
history  department.  Work  was  begun  on  a 
building  for  the  public  policy  institute  and 
an  addition  and  renovation  at  the  law 
school.  Construction  started  in  1991  on 
the  sprawling  Levine  Science  Research 
Center.  And  as  Brodie's  term  was  winding 
down,  plans  were  proceeding  for  a  new  res- 
idence hall  on  East  Campus  and  a  new  stu- 
dent-recreation building. 

The  president  of  the  Duke  Alumni 
Association,   Ed   Hanson   '73,   A.M.   '77, 


Inevitably,  Duke's 

heightened  profile  has 

brought  increased 

attention,  some  of  it 

critical. 


J.D.  '77,  likes  to  highlight  a  particular 
indicator  of  the  "momentum  for  alumni 
involvement":  the  seating  of  the  associa- 
tion's immediate  past  president  on  the 
board  of  trustees  as  a  full  voting  member, 
and  the  seating  of  the  association's  current 
president  on  the  board  as  a  non-voting 
member.  Hanson  also  mentions  Brodie's 
support  of  a  comprehensive  survey  of  alum- 
ni opinion  toward  the  university.  (Brodie, 
while  he  was  chancellor  of  Duke,  led  the 
effort  to  replace  the  ten-year-old  Alumni 
Register  tabloid  with  Duke  Magazine.) 

Particularly  in  the  last  few  years,  Duke 
has  emerged  as  a  more  prominent  player  in 
the  community.  Last  September,  Brodie 
delivered  a  hard-hitting  address  to  the 
Durham  Rotary  Club.  He  said  the  Durham 
community  is  "floundering"  in  its  vision  and 
direction,  and  suggested  the  merger  of  city 
and  county  governments.  "Issues  of  violent 
crime,  strained  race  relations,  deteriorating 
school  systems  have  gone  for  the  most  part 
unresolved,"  he  said.  "Durham  appears  to 
have  been  trapped  in  civic  gridlock."  He 
went  on  to  call  for  a  focused  effort  to  attack 
infant  mortality,  which  would  involve  Duke 
and  other  health-care  organizations,  and  for 
expanded  cooperation  between  Duke  and 
other  educational  institutions. 

More  tangibly,  the  university  has  set  up 
a  $1.2-million  affordable  housing  loan 
fund;  offered  low-income  residents  of  a 
Durham  neighborhood  loan  money  for 
mortgage  down-payments  on  nine  houses; 
and  turned  over  three  Duke-owned  houses 
to  Habitat  for  Humanity.  Duke  helped 
Durham  recruit  its  new  schools  superin- 
tendent by  contributing  $50,000  to  fund 
an  education  project  of  the  superinten- 
dent's choosing,  giving  him  an  adjunct 
appointment  in  the  university's  education 
program,  and  (no  small  lure  here)  provid- 
ing season  basketball  tickets.  Students  are 
volunteering  in  the  community  in  record 
numbers:  One  survey  showed  that  85  per- 
cent of  Duke's  seniors  participated  in  at 
least  one  community  service  activity  dur- 
ing their  undergraduate  years,  many  as 
mentors  and  tutors  in  the  public  schools; 
and  Duke's  Class  of  '91  directed  its 
$55,000  senior  class  gift  to  a  Durham  High 


School  dropout-prevention  program. 

Inevitably,  Duke's  heightened  profile  has 
brought  increased  attention,  some  of  it 
critical.  In  an  early  round  of  the  debate 
over  campus  "political  correctness,"  cultur- 
al critic  Dorothy  Rabinowitz  pointed  an 
accusing  finger  in  Duke's  direction.  A 
November  1990  Wall  Street  Journal  column 
by  Rabinowitz  averred  that  Duke  was 
being  remade  from  a  "mainstream  univer- 
sity into  a  radical  one."  Brodie,  in  reply, 
wrote  that  "Duke  is  a  place  where  scholar- 
ship and  open  discourse  are  thriving.  Uni- 
versities— especially  the  best  ones — are 
inherently  untidy  places.  We  seek  out 
bright  people,  often  of  strongly  different 
views,  and  encourage  them  to  test  their 
ideas  in  laboratories  and  classrooms  and  to 
debate  the  great  issues  of  the  day  openly 
and  civilly." 

Around  that  time  Stanley  Fish,  then 
chair  of  the  English  department,  reported- 
ly suggested  that  members  of  a  tradition- 
minded  faculty  organization  shouldn't  be 
considered  for  faculty  committees.  Brodie 
assured  the  university's  Academic  Council 
that  the  faculty  would  be  protected  from 
"possible  outside  interference  in  their 
teaching  and  research,"  and  restated  a 
commitment  to  "a  structure  of  internal 
governance  that  adheres  to  the  principles 
of  free  intellectual  inquiry  and  respect  for 
scholarship." 

Brodie  faced  another  free-expression 
issue  in  November  1991,  when  the  student 
Chronicle  published  a  paid  advertisement 
denying  the  existence  of  the  Holocaust. 
The  Chronicle  was  widely  criticized  for  its 
decision.  Brodie  issued  a  statement  that 
said,  in  part,  "It  is  tempting  at  such  times 
to  criticize  those  who  by  printing  such  an 
advertisement  might  wrongly  be  viewed  as 
sponsoring  the  lies  it  contains.  Yet  to  have 
supptessed  these  outrageous  claims,  offen- 
sive as  they  are,  would  have  violated  our 
commitment  to  free  speech  and  contra- 
dicted Duke's  long  tradition  of  supporting 
First  Amendment  rights."  He  went  on  to 
urge  the  campus  to  "ponder  the  lessons  of 
the  Holocaust  and  debate  their  meaning, 
so  that  our  open  forum  can  combat  the 
spread  of  this  appalling  campaign  of  disin- 
formation." 

Some  on  campus  expressed  surprise 
when  Brodie,  in  his  1985  inauguration 
speech,  emphasized  an  interest  in  cultivat- 
ing ties  with  business,  and  the  need  to 
"work  hard  to  engender  mutual  respect 
between  corporate  America  and  our  aca- 
demic institutions."  Duke — and  not  Duke 
alone  among  universities — has  been 
accused  of  showing  an  unseemly  market 
orientation  in  "buying"  faculty  superstars. 
But  Academic  Council  chair  Richard  Bur- 
ton, a  professor  in  the  Fuqua  School,  says 
Continued  on  page  48 


May-June    199  3 


OF  TWIDDLY  FISH 

AND  ELEPHANTS' 

TRUNKS 


BY  DENNIS  MEREDITH 


BIOMIMETICS: 


IMITATING  NATURE'S  STRUCTURES 


The  Bio-Design  Studio  provides  the  meeting  ground 

for  science  and  sculpture,  where  a  zoologist  and  a 

designer  who  once  developed  animated  dinosaurs  can 

learn  from  each  other. 


Steve  Wainwright  and  Chuck  Pell 
have  an  extraordinary  dream.  Some- 
day, standing  at  a  shore,  they  will 
reach  down  to  release  a  fish  into 
the  clear  water  beyond.  They  will  watch 
with  great  satisfaction  as  the  fish  deftly 
flips  its  tail  and  streaks  away  into  the  crys- 
talline depths,  swimming  with  the  fine, 
powerful  grace  of  an  animal  liberated  into 
its  natural  element. 

The  fish  will  be  sleek,  proficient... and 
quite  artificial.  Although  made  of  metal 
and  plastic,  the  creature  will  mimic  a  real 
fish  inside  and  out — swimming  so  realisti- 
cally that  it  will  be  indistinguishable  from 
its  biological  brethren. 

Wainwright  and  Pell's  dream-fish  will 
cap  more  than  a  scientific  achievement. 
The  fish  will  symbolize  the  success  of  a 
creative  partnership  between  a  scientist 
and  an  artist  in  which  each  learns  from  the 
sensibility  of  the  other.  As  the  captivated 
students  in  Wainwright's  Duke  course  on 
structures  can  attest,  the  partnership  also 
yields  motivation  for  learning.  That  speed- 


ing fish  could  also  embody  the  advance  of 
a  new  field  of  "biomimetics,"  in  which 
biologists  and  engineers  plumb  the  struc- 
tures of  nature — skin,  bone,  leaves,  and 
stalks — for  insights  into  revolutionary 
materials. 

Wainwright  and  Pell's  gloriously  clut- 
tered Bio-Design  Studio  in  downtown 
Durham  will  have  been  the  spawning 
ground  for  the  unnaturally  natural  artifi- 
cial fish.  The  anonymous  storefront  win- 
dow displays  only  a  funky-junky  sculpture 
of  a  dog,  hind  leg  aloft,  to  hint  at  the  cre- 
ative rummage  inside. 

The  studio's  decor  is  neo  DaVinci-cum- 
Rube  Goldberg.  The  large  room's  stark 
white  walls,  plain  workbenches,  and  bland 
linoleum  floor  have  been  thoroughly  sub- 
sumed by  bold  paintings,  microscopes, 
abstract  sculptures,  insect  photos,  rubber 
dinosaur  eye  sockets,  glue  pots,  cardboard 
tubes,  hand  tools,  a  hammerhead  shark 
spine,  a  drill  press,  boomerangs,  clothes- 
pins, a  band  saw,  modeling  clay,  seashells, 
a  centrifuge,  bronzed  birds,  paint  brushes, 


Zoologist  Wainwright: 
making  models  guides  the 
science,  rather  than 
merely  illustrating  pre- 
ordained concepts 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


.      ;i^^-.' 


chicken  wire,  an  eyeball  model,  plaster 
molds,  rubber  fish,  and  other  items  too 
numerous  or  too  weird  to  describe. 

Stephen  Wainwright,  the  soft-spoken 
James  B.  Duke  Professor  of  Zoology,  founded 
the  studio  in  1991.  He  recruited  Charles 
Pell  as  his  collaborator  from  Pell's  previous 
job  in  California  as  an  art  director  in  a 
company  that  developed  animated  dino- 
saurs. It  is  the  ebullient  Pell  who  is  princi- 
pally responsible  for  the  studio's  ambience. 
Two  large  cabinets  labeled  "stuff'  and 
"things"  exemplify  Pell's  free-spirited  ap- 
proach to  organization.  "That  was  easy," 
explains  Pell  of  his  classification  scheme. 
"Things  are  what  you  use  to  do  things  to 
stuff.  It  was  a  conscious  attempt  to  not 
commit  myself  to  too  much  categorization." 

Like  the  cabinet,  the  Bio-Design  Studio, 
for  all  its  seeming  chaos,  is  a  very  deliber- 
ate effort  at  creating  an  environment 
where  discovery  may  flourish.  In  fact,  the 
splendid  jumble  could  itself  be  viewed  as  a 
work  of  art  in  progress,  reflecting  the  reali- 
ty of  nature's  exuberant  complexity. 

"I've  always  thought  of  that  complex 
part  of  science  we  call  biology  and  ecology 
as  being  very,  very  messy,"  says  Pell.  "There 
are  a  great  many  processes  all  intermingled 
and  confusing  each  other,  and  yet  we  can 
still  pick  one  out  here  and  there  to  explore. 
It's  a  wonderful  field.  The  complexity  is 
not  a  thing  to  despair  about  at  all.  It's  an 
incredible  space  in  which  to  journey." 


Pell's  central  mission  is  to  build  insight- 
yielding  models  of  biological  structures, 
using  whatever  materials  get  the  job  done. 
For  example,  he  fashioned  a  critical  model 
revealing  the  undulating  fish  body  from 
wooden  coffee-stirrers,  a  corkscrew  of  coat- 
hanger  wire,  and  an  old  leather  dog  leash. 

"This  place  is  devoted  to  interacting 
with  the  images  of  biology  in  all  the  ways 
we  know  how,"  he  says.  "As  an  artist,  I 
bring  a  certain  approach  to  the  image  and 
a  biologist  brings  another  approach  to  the 
image.  We're  finding  that  some  of  the 
things  I  am  doing  to  form  images  are  useful 
to  biologists  and  some  of  the  things  that 
biologists  do  with  images  are  useful  to  me." 

To  Wainwright,  this  model-building — 
especially  by  a  sharp-eyed  artist — repre- 
sents a  much-needed  improvement  in  sci- 
entific style.  "We're  encouraging  people  to 
design  and  build  physical  models,  because 
it  uses  your  hands,"  he  says.  "Your  hands 
and  your  sense  of  touch  are  really  an 
important  part  of  your  whole  learning 
computer.  But  for  most  of  us,  after  about 
the  first  grade,  we're  encouraged  to  keep 
our  hands  in  our  pockets  when  we're 
learning.  That  automatically  just  drops  out 
about  a  fifth  of  our  learning  computer.  But 
when  we're  in  there  with  our  hands  dirty, 
making  things,  we're  more  alive." 

Wainwright  emphasizes  that  the  Bio- 
Design  Studio  didn't  invent  the  idea  of 
making    models    of  biological    structures. 


Faux  fish  forms:  man-made  model  of  mackerel  spines 

What's  new,  he  says,  is  that  the  models 
guide  the  science;  they're  not  mere  illus- 
trations of  a  pre-ordained  concept. 

In  the  studio,  Pell  illustrates  the  models' 
value  using  a  red,  wooden,  fish  backbone 
mock-up,  replete  with  backward- angled 
wooden  spines  jutting  above  and  below. 
The  spines  are  part  of  the  "vertical  sep- 
tum," Pell  explains.  "They're  the  bones 
you  see  in  a  cartoon  skeleton  fish.  I  made 
this  thing,  and  it  was  supposed  to  be  just  a 
short  note  so  we  could  think  about  how 
the  muscles  stuck  on.  But  that  single 
model  did  something  surprising  to  our  as- 
sumption that  the  flat  plane  of  these  spines 
stays  in  a  flat  plane  as  the  fish  bends." 

When  Pell  bends  the  backbone  model 
sideways,  it  yields  a  biological  surprise. 
The  spines  flare  out  of  the  flat  vertical 
plane  into  a  curve  that  is  displaced  from 
the  curve  of  the  backbone. 

"That  single  result  is  only  geometry,  and 
we  didn't  know  that,"  says  Pell.  "We  did 
not  know  that  this  was  an  assumption,  or  a 
paradigm,  that  was  basic."  Thus,  Pell  and 
Wainwright  discovered  that  a  fish  has 
built-in  springs:  When  it  bends  its  body  in 
a  power-stroke,  the  spine-and-collagen 
springs  recoil  the  tail  back  toward  an  op- 
posing stroke. 

Wainwright,  Pell,  and  their  colleague 
Mark   Westneat   Ph.D.    '90   subsequently 


10 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


launched  themselves  on  an  adventure  in 
dissecting  fish,  making  models  and  analyz- 
ing the  results.  One  especially  productive 
summer  at  Duke's  Marine  Laboratory  found 
them  crowded  into  an  isolated  trailer,  toil- 
ing at  a  table  covered  with  dead  fish,  model 
parts,  and  Macintosh  computers.  Pell's 
stream-of-conscious  recollection  captures 
the  event's  flavor: 

"At  the  table  we  had  on  one  corner 
Mark  Westneat  dissecting  the  mackerel. 
On  the  other  corner  we  had  grad  student 
Bill  Hose  with  a  Macintosh  computer 
recording  the  measurements  of  all  these 
little  mackerel  parts  everywhere.  We  did 
thirty  fish.  So  this  guy's  dissecting  and 
talking  and  measuring,  and  he's  copying 
down  all  the  measurements.  At  another 
corner  was  Wainwright  with  another  Mac- 
intosh computer  writing  down  everything 
we  were  saying  about  the  dissection.  He's 
asking  questions  and  making  observations, 
and  we're  going  back  and  forth.  On  this 
corner  of  the  table,  I'm  building  models 
with  clay,  wood,  metal,  cord,  paint,  water- 
color,  steel,  plastic,  rubber,  fibers... every- 
thing. I'm  looking  at  what  he's  doing  with 
the  mackerel  and  I'm  trying  to  build  one.  I 
build  something  and  have  a  question: 
'Okay,  I  have  to  attach  this  thing  some- 
where and  where  does  it  go?'  Gee,  we 
don't  know.  Well,  let's  look.  Hey,  it  goes 
to  the  other  one!  They're  connected! 
Wow!  Should  we  still  measure  them  as 
two  separate  things?  Let's  add  two  mea- 
surements so  we  can  distinguish  them. 
Okay,  okay... back  together. 

"The  glue  wasn't  dry  on  one  model 
before  that  model  made  us  ask  questions 
that  we  didn't  know  about,  which  changed 
the  model  I  had  to  build.  I  ended  up  build- 
ing fifteen  models.  We  were  surrounded  by 
models  that  were  the  embodiments  of  new 
hypotheses." 

Such  collaboration  produced  not  only 
fishy-smelling  computers,  but  an  intimate 
understanding  of  the  mechanisms  of  the 
swimming  fish. 

Using  mackerel  and  tuna  as  the  fish-of- 
choice,  Wainwright,  Pell,  and  their  col- 
leagues and  students  further  explored  how 
the  torquing  of  the  I-beam-shaped  fish 
spines  makes  springiness.  They've  also 
found  how  the  powerful  fish  muscles  bend 
the  fish  body  into  the  magnificent  curve 
every  angler  has  admired  in  a  leaping  fish. 
Basically,  the  conical  muscles  run  along 
the  fish's  side  like  a  set  of  nested  Dixie 
cups.  When  the  muscles  contract  on  one 
side,  they  help  pull  the  body  into  an  arch. 
But  the  real  power  comes  because  the  con- 
tracting muscles  bulge  outward,  yanking 
on  a  set  of  tendons  running  through  them 
to  the  backbone.  Like  the  strings  on  a  pup- 
pet, these  tendons  pull  the  fish's  body  into 
the  propulsive  curve  that  has  left  many  a 


Two  large  cabinets 

labeled  "stuff"  and 

"things"  exemplify  Pell  s 

free-spirited  approach. 

"It  was  a  conscious 

attempt  to  not  commit 

myself  to  too  much 

categorization." 


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Pell  in  design  mode :  despite  its  seeming  chaos ,  the 
studio  is  an  environment  where  discoveries  flourish 


fisherman  sadly  reeling  in  a  broken  line. 

"Seeing  these  fish  is  like  tasting  a  Bach 
fugue,"  says  Pell,  showing  little  compunc- 
tion about  scrambling  sensory  similes  to 
express  an  idea. 

Then  there's  the  Twiddly  Fish,  a  cun- 
ning toy  Pell  and  Wainwright  invented  to 
bring  the  thrill  of  such  discovery  to  any- 
body with  a  few  bucks  in  his  or  her  pocket. 
Basically,  the  patented  gadget  is  a  small, 
rubbery,  plastic  fish  suspended  at  the  end 
of  a  thin  cable.  Submerge  the  little  fish  in 
water,  twiddle  the  cable  between  thumb 
and  forefinger,  and  the  fish  wriggles  away, 
swimming  along  lithely  like  an  honest-to- 
Neptune  live  fish.  The  Twiddly  Fish's  real- 
ism is  startling  and  thought-provoking. 
The  researchers  also  hope  that  it  is  popular 
enough  to  bring  some  funds  into  the  Bio- 
Design  Studio. 

If  the  Twiddly  Fish   is  surprising,   the 


future  of  such  nature-mimicking  devices 
could  be  astounding,  says  Wainwright. 
Compared  to  skin,  bone,  muscle,  and  ten- 
don, even  the  most  sophisticated  artificial 
composites  are  embarrassingly  simplistic. 
So  Wainwright  sees  a  rising  industrial 
interest  in  the  field  of  biomimetics,  a  term 
meaning  "mimicking  biological  systems." 

"The  synthetic  materials  industry  is  look- 
ing ahead  to  the  twenty-first  century  and 
asking,  'What's  our  next  round  of  new 
materials  going  to  be  like?'  "  says  Wain- 
wright. "They've  been  asking  biologists 
like  me  and  my  former  students,  because 
we're  the  guys  who  really  know  what  bio- 
logical materials  are  like.  We  tell  them 
that  biological  materials  have  such  incred- 
ible properties  because  they're  structurally 
complex — what  we  call  hierarchically  com- 
plex. In  other  words,  there's  an  atomic-level 
complexity,  which  is  overlain  by  a  molecu- 
lar level,  then  you  get  different  molecules 
together  and  you  have  a  supermolecular 
level.  Then  you  may  make  coils  out  of  this, 
then  the  coils  themselves  are  aligned  into 
tendons  or  woven  into  skin." 

Wainwright  uses  rat-tail  tendons  as  an 
example,  perhaps  to  humble  materials 
engineers  into  paying  attention  to  the 
promise  of  biomaterials. 

"There  are  seven  identifiable  levels  of 
structure  in  the  rat-tail  tendon.  In  the  most 
complex  man-made  materials,  say  fiber- 
glass or  embedded  graphite  fibers,  you've 
got  one  level.  Now,  you  can  also  orient 
those  fibers  to  give  yourself  directional  sta- 
bility. That's  two  levels — still  five  levels 
short  of  a  rat-tail  tendon.  You  ask  about 
bone  or  wood  and  you  couldn't  even  count 
the  levels!" 

Wainwright  became  convinced  of  the 
promise  of  biomimetics  in  1987,  when  he 
collaborated  with  Duke  civil  engineer 
James  Wilson  to  build  a  robotic  arm,  based 
on  lessons  from  an  elephant's  trunk.  To 
understand  the  trunk's  remarkable  power 
and  dexterity,  the  biologists  dissected  the 
trunk  of  a  zoo  elephant  that  had  died.  They 
also  filmed  a  trained  elephant  at  the  Wash- 
ington Zoo  lifting  a  box  of  lead  bricks. 

"Working  with  the  elephant  was  the 
biggest  trip  in  the  world,"  recalls  Wain- 
wright. "The  elephant  keeper  was  a  little 
tiny  woman;  she  couldn't  have  been  over 
five  feet  tall  and  85  pounds  wet.  She  had  a 
little  stick  she  used  to  tap  the  elephants 
with;  they  loved  her,  and  they  did  any- 
thing she  said.  So,  we  painted  spots  on  the 
side  of  the  trunk  with  zinc  oxide  sunburn 
cream.  I  stood  to  one  side  with  the  camera 
and  took  movies,  while  she  got  the  ele- 
phant to  do  the  lifting.  From  the  films 
then,  Jim  Wilson  could  do  motion  analysis 
and  figure  out  the  forces  involved."  Using 
the  zoologists'  insights,  Wilson  developed 
Continued  on  page  49 


May-June    19  9  3 


■HiHWUHW 

EALING  TH 
BOUNDS  OI 

BYNEILBOOTHBY 

E 

1 

BACK  FROM  THE  BALKANS: 

HOPE  AMID  THE  RUINS 

In  this  war,  where  civilians  are  the  specific  focus  and 
target  of  violence,  thousands  of  children  have  been  so 
extraordinarily  traumatized  that  even  when  the  bul- 
lets and  bombs  stop,  they  still  find  the  prospects  of 
living  a  day-to-day  life  difficult. 

^^^  espite  a  decade's  work  in  war 
^^^^  zones  around  the  world,  the  vio- 
^^^^V  lence  I  witnessed  during  a  recent 
^^^  trip  to  the  former  Yugoslavia  was 
shocking.  Unlike  many  conflict  regions, 
this  failed  nation  enjoyed  a  high  level  of 
economic  development  and  national  unity. 
Before    the   war,    most   people    identified 
themselves  as  Yugoslav,  not  by  the  various 
ethnic  and  religious  identities  that  are  now 
dividing  them.  Yet,  lamentably,  with  the 
break-up  of  ex-Soviet  republics  and  Yugo- 
slavia, ethnic  rivalries  have  re-ignited  with 
lethal  fury,  and  belligerents  are  now  using 
arsenals  of  high-tech  weapons  to  destroy 
one  another.  The  outbreak  of  violence  re- 
minded the  international  community  of  how 
this  century  already  has  seen  two  major 
wars  that  began  in  this  region.  The  brutali- 
ty of  "ethnic  cleansing"  also  is  all  too  remi- 
niscent of  Nazi  atrocities  in  World  War  II. 
I  spoke  with  children  who  were  forced 
to   watch   family   members   tortured   and 
murdered;  parents  who  sent  their  children 

away  to  the  safety  of  other  countries  while 
they  remained  in  endangered  communi- 
ties; and  women  who  had  been  raped 
repeatedly  and  impregnated  as  part  of  the 
Serbian  policy  of  "ethnic  cleansing." 
Everyone  had  stories  to  tell  of  systematic 
violence  against  specific  groups  of  people. 

But  I  also  met  with  volunteer  relief  work- 
ers, hundreds  of  them — Croatians,  Ser- 
bians, and  Muslims,  who  are  living  and 
working  together  to  provide  emergency  assis- 
tance to  war-affected  communities  through- 
out ex- Yugoslavia.  Collectively,  they  are  a 
powerful  demonstration  of  what  humani- 
tarian assistance  is  all  about:  lay  people 
and  professionals  joining  forces  to  promote 
the  welfare  of  all  people  through  efforts  to 
eliminate  their  pain  and  suffering.  In  parts 
of  Croatia  and  Bosnia-Herzegovina,  I  saw 
villages  where  Serbs,  Bosnians,  Muslims, 
and  Croats  had  destroyed  each  other;  a  few 
miles  away,  almost  identical  villages  were 
living  together. 

Three  stories  I  heard  during  my  travels 

DUKE   MAGAZINE 


are  representative  of  the  range  of  problems 
civilians  face  in  ex-Yugoslavia. 

The  first  is  that  of  a  nine-year-old  Mus- 
lim boy  who  had  developed  the  odd  habit 
of  kneeling  in  the  dirt  and  waving  his 
hand  back  and  forth  in  front  of  him.  Selim 
and  I  met  over  a  rickety-legged  table 
inside  one  of  the  stark  wooden  barracks 
that  made  up  this  refugee  encampment. 
Our  initial  conversation  did  not  go  well. 
For  a  long  while,  this  small,  fair-haired  boy 
refused  to  answer  even  my  most  benign 
questions:  "What's  your  name?"  "How  old 
are  you?"  "What  can  you  tell  me  about 
your  life  here?"  Desperate,  I  rambled  on 
about  myself:  who  I  was,  why  I  had  come 
here,  and  where  I  had  come  from.  When  I 
told  him  my  family  and  I  lived  in  Durham, 
North  Carolina,  Selim's  eyes  widened  and 
he  started  moving  his  hand  back  and  forth 
over  his  lap. 

A  drawing  Selim  agreed  to 
produce  shed  some  light  on  his 
struggle.  What  emerged  was  a 
two-story,  red-tile  house  with 
a  face  framed  in  one  of  the  up- 
stairs windows.  A  human  fig- 
ure lay  in  the  forefront.  Selim 
explained  that  it  was  a  picture 
of  his  own  home.  Last  Octo- 
ber, a  Bosnian  Serb  army  at- 
tacked his  village  and  killed 
his  father  and  then  ordered 
Selim  and  his  mother  not  to 
remove  the  body  from  where 
it  fell.  Day  after  day,  he  had 
stood  by  his  bedroom  window, 
staring  out  at  the  rotting 
corpse:  "I  just  wanted  to  chase 
the  flies  away,"  he  told  me 
as  he  looked  down  at  his 
motionless  hand.  "I  just 
wanted  to  bring  Papa  inside." 

In  this  war,  where  civilians  are  the  spe- 
cific focus  and  target  of  violence,  thou- 
sands of  children  have  been  so  extraordi- 
narily traumatized  that  even  when  the 
bullets  and  bombs  stop,  they  still  find  the 
prospects  of  living  a  day-to-day  life  diffi- 
cult. Some,  like  Selim,  exhibit  various 
kinds  of  repetitive  behaviors  linked  to  past 
violence.  Others  suffer  recurrent  night- 
mares and  night  terrors.  Reduced  involve- 
ment with  family  and  friends,  and  dimin- 
ished capacities  to  concentrate  during  the 
day,  also  affect  these  children's  social  and 
cognitive  development.  Not  only  do  various 
features  of  this  syndrome  of  "post-traumatic 
stress"  pose  problems  for  individual  chil- 
dren, but  they  also  undermine  social  prog- 
ress as  well.  To  be  sure,  the  affective  and 
motivational  state  of  a  people  is  a  princi- 
pal underpinning  of  economic  and  social 
development:  Girls  and  boys  cannot  learn 
in  schools  nor  as  youth  take  hold  of 
employment     opportunities     when     their 


minds  are  still  frozen  in  the  past. 

Four  days  after  meeting  Selim,  I  was 
walking  amid  the  ruins  of  a  town  near 
Sarajevo  when  a  young  woman  ran  up  to 
me  to  ask  if  I  could  help  find  her  missing 
daughters.  Last  fall,  faced  with  repeated 
shelling  and  the  prospects  of  a  winter  with- 
out adequate  food  or  protection,  she  had 
begged  one  of  the  drivers  of  the  U.N.  relief 
convoy  trucks  to  take  her  three  girls  away 
to  safety.  Now  she  did  not  know  where 
they  were.  "I  figured  we'd  only  be  apart  for  a 
week  or  two,"  she  said,  "just  until  the 
bombings  stopped.  But  it's  been  six  months. 
All  I  know  is  that  they  reached  Croatia 
and  were  then  sent  to  another  country. 
But  I  don't  know  which  one!" 

I  was  struck  by  this  mother's  story.  In 
1988,  I  had  written  a  book  on  the  protec- 
tion of  children  in  armed  conflicts,  and  its 


the  other  ethnic  group  and  to  uproot 
entire  populations  through  violent  intimida- 
tion. At  the  same  time,  deliberate  impreg- 
nation is  pursued.  Women  are  taken  to 
detention  centers,  raped  past  the  first  tri- 
mester, and  then  released  to  rub  salt  in  the 
wounds  of  the  other  side.  It  is  not  surpris- 
ing that  many  of  the  impregnated  women 
view  the  fetus  as  a  "malignant  tumor,"  and 
have  sought  abortions  or  abandoned  the 
babies  once  they  were  born. 

Rape  victims  must  also  cope  with  the 
patriarchal  nature  of  their  societies  once 
they  return  home.  Male-bound  notions  of 
shame,  honor,  and  sexual  purity  have  in 
some  cases  resulted  in  battering  and  even 
murder  when  rape  victims  have  rejoined 
their  families  and  communities.  I  learned 
of  one  nineteen-year-old  victim  who  was 
too  frightened  and  shamed  to  go  home  or 


recommendations  have  since  helped  to 
shape  U.N.  policy.  In  it,  I  assert  that  "sepa- 
ration of  children  from  their  families  in 
times  of  war  is  often  more  harmful  than 
helpful  to  children"  and  that  "evacuation 
programs  are  typically  plagued  by  unantici- 
pated complications  and  consequences." 
As  I  listened  to  this  mother,  I  wondered  how 
I  had  managed  to  get  something  essentially 
"right"  while  still  missing  the  main  point. 
It  is  not  that  the  assertion  was  wide  of  the 
mark  (indeed,  this  mother  admitted  that 
she'd  think  twice  before  sending  her  chil- 
dren away  again);  rather,  it  was  that  it  was 
too  easy,  written  with  too  little  under- 
standing or  compassion  for  the  impossible 
dilemmas  imposed  on  parents  by  war. 
"Bombs  were  exploding,"  she  said.  "We 
didn't  have  time  to  think.  We  had  to  act." 
The  third  story  is  about  how  sexual  vio- 
lence and  rape  have  become  an  instrument 
of  terror  and  "ethnic  cleansing,"  and  how 
women  are  its  principal  targets.  The  pur- 
pose appears  to  be  to  humiliate  the  male  of 


Traumatic  memories:  9 -year-old  Selim  recaptures  the 
aftermath  of  his  father's  killing  try  [he  Bosnian  Serb  army 

even  to  enter  a  hospital.  Instead,  she  fled 
to  Croatia,  where  she  gave  birth  to  the 
child  in  a  forest  near  the  refugee  camp 
where  she  lived.  After  cutting  the  umbili- 
cal cord,  the  young  woman  strangled  the 
newborn  to  death. 

Volatile  conditions  in  Bosnia-Herzegov- 
ina have  limited  the  work  of  large  interna- 
tional organizations,  such  as  the  United 
Nations  High  Commissioner  for  Refugees 
(UNHCR),  to  the  provision  of  food,  medi- 
cine, and  other  emergency  supplies.  Fortu- 
nately, there  are  a  number  ot  indigenous 
volunteer  groups  that  are  responding  in  sur- 
prisingly effective  ways  to  social  and  psy- 
chological needs  of  war-affected  popula- 
tions. One  of  these  groups,  Suncrokret,  has 
chosen  to  focus  on  children. 

Suncrokret,  or  "Sunflower,"  might  best 
be  described  as  a  budding,  non-govern- 
mental "peace  corps"  that  includes  hun- 
dreds of  volunteers — mostly  university  stu- 


May-Ju; 


1993 


dents  and  individuals  with  social  work  and 
psychology  backgrounds — who  are  living 
and  working  with  refugees  in  Croatian 
camps.  An  additional  forty  volunteers  are 
helping  with  displaced  people  in  more 
dangerous  settings,  like  Medjugorgje,  in- 
side Bosnia.  Volunteers  offer  activities  for 
war-affected  children  ranging  from  musical 
and  theater  workshops  and  sports  to  lan- 
guage and  other  lessons.  They  have  helped 
to  establish  schools,  recreational  programs, 
and  support  groups  for  traumatized  boys 
and  girls  in  ways  that  have  not  stigmatized 
them  within  their  own  communities. 

One  of  Suncrokret's  greatest  strengths  is 
its  de-professionalized,  grassroots  approach 
that  not  only  promotes  the  kinds  of  cost- 
effective  responses  required  in  war  and 
refugee  crises,  but  also  builds  a  sense  of 
common  vision  and  solidarity  among  its 
ethnically  diverse  membership.  As  one 
twenty-year-old  volunteer  put  it:  "With  so 
much  communal  hatred,  we  had  to  try  to 
create  the  possible  out  of  the  impossible.  It 
is  a  way  of  letting  ourselves  and  the  rest  of 
the  world  know  that,  yes,  we  can  come 
together  to  help  all  Yugoslavs.  Goodwill 
also  will  be  needed  for  economic  recovery 
after  the  war." 

Members  of  different  ethnic  groups  also 
are  working  as  one  to  locate  children  rushed 
out  of  Bosnia-Herzegovina  and  scattered  all 
over  the  world.  "It's  a  massive  job,"  admits 
the  principal  architect  of  the 
family  reunification  effort,  a 
Croatian  woman  who  took  a 
leave  of  absence  from  UNICEF 
to  return  to  her  homeland  to 
help  out.  "Children  have  been 
evacuated  to  Austria,  Hungary, 
Germany,   Italy,   Turkey,  Jor- 
dan, Kuwait,  Libya,  Malaysia, 
and  the  United  States.  We  are 
developing  ways  to  locate  these 
children,  determine  whether  or 
not  their  parents  are  alive,  and 
get  them  back  together  when- 
ever possible."  For  the   time 
being,  the  program  is  based  in 
Zagreb,  the  capital  of  Croatia.  But  when  con- 
ditions permit,  its  headquarters  will  be  moved 
to  Sarajevo,  where  the  needs  are  especially 
great.  "We  want  to  work  with  all  the  local 
non-governmental   organizations,"   says   the 
program   director,   "Muslim,   Croatian,   and 
Bosnian  alike." 

Multi-ethnic  women's  groups  and  associa- 
tions are  helping  to  organize  support  groups 
for  displaced  women;  in  the  process,  they 
are  discovering  how  to  help  rape  victims, 
many  of  whom  are  deeply  depressed.  "We 
just  started  by  going  to  the  camps  and  vis- 
iting with  women,"  explained  one  of  the 
volunteers.  "We  brought  coffee  and  ciga- 
rettes and  listened  to  what  they  had  to  say. 
At  first,  they  talked  about  their  children's 


problems,  but  after  awhile  they  started  to 
talk  about  their  own  concerns  as  well. 
Most  women  are  alone  and  don't  know 
what  happened  to  their  husbands.  They 
need  to  earn  money,  so  we  encouraged  them 
to  form  their  own  knitting  cooperatives  and 
we  help  by  marketing  their  products  in 
Croatia.  So  it's  while  we  are  talking,  drink- 
ing coffee,  and  knitting  that  women  and 
girls  who  have  been  raped  begin  to  talk 
about  what  happened.  It's  amazing  to  see 
how  compassion  offered  by  other  refugee 
women  is  absolving  the  deep  hurt." 

The  rare  resolve  I  observed  among  relief 
workers  not  to  succumb  to  the  hatred  that 
has  sundered  Yugoslavia  and  ignited  the  eth- 
nic cleansing  is  also  very  much  alive  in  vil- 
lages and  towns  that  have  managed,  at  least 
until  now,  to  avoid  conflict  between  differ- 
ent groups.  Sometimes  drastic  actions  have 
been  required  to  stem  the  onslaught.  Last 
October,  when  Bosnian  Serbs  launched  a 
major  offensive  against  Tuzla,  the  city's  poor- 
ly armed  defenders  deployed  tanker  trucks 
containing  massive  quantities  of  chlorine 
along  the  front  lines  and  threatened  to 
explode  them,  unleashing  a  storm  of  poison 
gas  that  would  have  swept  across  the  region 
and  into  Serbia  and  Croatia.  The  city  has 
not  been  fired  on  since.  But  more  often  than 
not,  other  factors  have  enabled  communities 
in  the  former  Yugoslavia  to  avert  ethnic 
hatred  and  economic  collapse. 

Voices  from  ex-Yugoslavia 
reminded  me  that  while  the 
end  of  our  global  rivalry  with 
the  Soviet  Union  has  permit- 
ted us  to  move  away  from  a 
peace  that  rests  on  a  balance 
of  terror  between  two  armed 
camps  toward  a  peace  based 
on  trust  and  shared  interests, 
it  also  has  led  to  the  crum- 
bling of  nations  and  the  re- 
igniting  of  ethnic  rivalries  in 
p  many  parts  of  the  world.  My 
-  work  with  Duke  students  this 
Boothby:  eyewitness  to  the  wages     semester  also   reminded  me 
of  war  in  the  former  Yugoslavia       that  reducing  the  list  of  eth- 
nic wars  and  political  conflicts  will  require 
a  new  kind  of  multilateral  presence:  peace- 
makers and  peace-keepers,  terms  just  com- 
ing into  use.  ■ 


Boothby  is  the  director  of  the  Leadership  Program  in 
the  Public  Policy  Studies  Institute.  His  course,  "The 
Leader  and  the  Led,"  requires  students  to  examine 
the  nature  of  ethnic  enmity  and  its  transition  from 
one  generation  to  another. 

To  help  with  relief  programs  in  the  former  Yugo- 
slavia, send  donations  to:  Suncrokret,  Centra  zo. 
Humanitarnia  Rod,  Grebenscica  16,  Zagreb  Croatia. 

Another  organization,  the  Center  for  Women 
War  Victims,  can  be  reached  at:  Dordiceva 
6  flat  0,  1 1000  Zagreb  Croatia.  (ATTN:  Tanya 
RennafMicheala  Rosa)  Fax  38  41  433  416;  phone 
38  41434189. 


I  CHERNOBYL 
ILDREN 


BY  DAVID  KERR  WILCOX 

When  I  first  read  the  Western 
press  reports  of  the  Chernobyl 
accident  in  Ukraine  in  April 
1986,  it  seemed  like  a  nightmare:  a  large 
nuclear  accident  spawned  by  an  out-of- 
control  reactor,  breeding  fires  and  explo- 
sions that  spewed  clouds  of  radioactive 
material  all  over  Eastern  and  Northern 
Europe.  While  tragic,  it  also  seemed  dis- 
tant, detached  from  my  day-to-day  reality 
in  Boston.  I'm  sure  part  of  me  yearned  to 
put  as  much  emotional  and  geographical 
distance  as  possible  between  me  and  the 
catastrophe,  a  fairly  common  reaction 
when  we  see  one  atrocity  after  another 
broadcast  during  the  nightly  news. 

Before  long,  the  Chernobyl  incident 
faded  into  my  memory.  I  had  sealed  over 
the  incident  and  repressed  its  catastrophic 
consequences,  just  as  the  Soviets  had  used 
tons  of  lead  and  concrete  to  entomb  the 
disabled  reactor  in  its  own  "protective" 
sarcophagus. 

Then  last  summer,  the  incident  at  Cher- 
nobyl came  back  to  me.  My  wife  had  gone 
to  Kiev  in  late  May  to  work  with  the  Proj- 
ect on  Economic  Reform  in  Ukraine, 
helping  the  government  to  privatize  its 
vast  state-run  economy.  In  the  course  of 
meeting  various  officials,  she  told  them  of 
my  work  as  a  clinical  psychologist  in 
Boston  working  with  children  and  their 
families,  especially  those  who  had  under- 
gone various  traumatic  experiences. 

One  afternoon,  I  received  a  long  fax,  half 
of  which  appeared  to  be  written  in  Russian, 
from  the  Kiev  Medical  Institute  and  the 
Ukrainian  Psychological  Research  Insti- 
tute. It  was  an  invitation  to  come  to  Kiev 
and  discuss  some  of  the  current  research  on 
childhood  trauma  with  the  various  profes- 
sionals who  were  trying  to  understand  how 
the  Chernobyl  disaster  had  affected  fami- 
lies and  children  in  Ukraine. 

Before  leaving,  I  tried  to  do  some  pre- 
liminary research,  and  discovered  that 
essential  details  of  the  Chernobyl  disaster 
and  the  subsequent  radiation  exposure 
were  carefully  concealed  by  the  Soviets. 
There  were  news  blackouts  surrounding 
the  event,  people  in  Ukraine  and  Belarus 
were  not  alerted  until  days  after  the  inci- 
dent, and  the  findings  of  subsequent  scien- 
tific and  medical  studies  intentionally 
under-reported  the  degree  of  radiation  ex- 
posure from  the  accident.  Civil  defense  pre- 
cautions and  plans  for  evacuating  villages 
were  mismanaged.  The  Chernobyl  incident 
was  more  than  just  a  failure  of  a  nuclear 


14 


1 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


reactor;  it  was  the  failure  of 
the  entire  Soviet  system  to 
cope  with  the  situation  once 
the  disaster  had  begun. 

Upon  arrival  in  Ukraine, 
really  did  not  know  what  to 
expect.  I  was  concerned  about 
the  possibility  of  being  ex- 
posed myself  to  the  lingering 
radioactive  waste  that  still 
exists  within  the  soil  and  the 
sediments  of  the  deceptively 
beautiful  Dneiper  River  run- 
ning through  Kiev.  I  was 
assured  by  Ukranians  I  met,  as 
well  as  the  U.S.  State  Depart- 
ment, that  the  risk  of  expo- 
sure was  minimal.  Still,  we 
avoided  swimming  in  the 
Dneiper  and  when  we  went  to 
the  market  to  buy  vegetables, 
we  would  ask  where  they  were 
grown.  Inevitably,  we  were 
told  by  vendors  that  they  were 
from  southern  Ukraine  or 
from  Georgia — areas  that  had 
low  levels  of  radiation  expo- 
sure from  the  disaster. 

After  a  number  of  days 
touring  various  psychiatric 
clinics  and  shelters  for  aban- 
doned children,  I  met  with  a 
small  group  of  psychologists  at 
the  Ukrainian  Psychological 
Research  Institute  under  the 
direction  of  Sergey  Yakovenko 
and  Oksana  Garnets.  When  I 
arrived  at  the  clinic,  I  discov- 
ered that  the  names  of  many 
of  the  children  and  adults  who 
suffered  some  significant  radi- 
ation exposure  were  logged  in 
a  special  register.  This  register 
will  allow  the  government 
and  the  medical  community 
to  track  these  victims  for  the  rest  of  their 
lives  and  monitor  the  disaster's  effects  on 
their  health.  Garnets  told  me  that  even 
though  official  statistics  identified  250,000 
children  who  had  suffered  significant  radia- 
tion exposure,  her  team  of  researchers  and 
clinicians  calculate  that  closer  to  500,000 
children  are  suffering  from  either  medical  or 
psychological  complications  resulting  from 
the  accident. 

Suddenly,  I  was  struck  by  the  fact  that 
the  disaster  had  left  its  imprint  on  an 
entire  generation  of  Ukrainian  children, 
not  to  mention  children  in  neighboring 
Belarus  and  Russia.  The  scale  of  the  disas- 
ter and  its  effects  on  the  entire  country 
was  staggering.  These  children  are  casually 
referred  to  as  "Chernobyl  Children,"  a 
haunting  identity  that,  like  the  physical 
and  psychological  sequelae  of  the  accident, 
will  live  with  them  for  the  rest  of  their  lives. 


Like  the  eerie  shadows  of 
the  Hiroshima  victims 

that  were  etched  on  walls 
and  sidewalks  by  the 

atomic  bomb  s  blast,  the 
Chernobyl  catastrophe 

has  left  an  indelible  mark 

on  a  whole  society  and 

an  entire  generation  of 

Ukrainian  children. 


In  my  meetings  with 
Ukrainian  psychologists,  I 
learned  that  of  the  total  popu- 
lation, as  many  as  4.5  million 
people,  including  children 
and  adults,  have  experienced 
real  psychological  illness  or 
stress  associated  with  the  cat- 
astrophe. As  with  most  post- 
traumatic phenomena,  the 
symptoms  can  emerge  long 
after  the  actual  incident  or 
trauma.  Many  of  the  children 
who  lived  near  the  Cher- 
nobyl plant  or  in  the  neigh- 
boring contaminated  areas 
were  only  now  beginning 
to  develop  symptoms.  Some 
children  manifest  psychoso- 
matic symptoms  such  as 
chronic,  unexplained  stom- 
ach disorders;  others  have 
developed  unexplained  pho- 
bias; some  have  chronic,  lin- 
gering depression  and  lethar- 
gy; and  other  children  have 
been  troubled  by  long  peri- 
ods of  insomnia  or  acute, 
sudden  anxiety  attacks. 

To  my  amazement,  the 
psychologists  told  me  that 
some  of  the  villages  within 
45  kilometers  of  the  reactors 
are  still  inhabited.  Children 
in  these  villages  are  not 
allowed  to  play  outside  for 
more  than  an  hour  or  so  a 
day  because  the  radioactive 
level  of  the  dust  in  the  air 
I  and  dirt  on  the  ground  is 
<  still  too  high,  and  children 
I  risk  exposure  as  they  run 
§  around  their  yards  and  play- 
i  grounds.  The  woods  and 
streams  so  integral  to  the 
lifestyles  of  these  rural  villages  are  off  lim- 
its, and  motorists  are  forbidden  to  drive  on 
the  shoulders  of  the  road  for  fear  of  stirring 
up  too  much  radioactive  dust.  The  only 
solace  for  these  children  is  that  they  are 
often  taken  down  to  the  Black  Sea  during 
the  summer  and  are  allowed  to  stay  in  gov- 
ernment-funded sanatoriums  where  they 
can  play  outside,  breathe  fresh  air,  and 
swim  in  the  sea. 

During  my  stay  in  Kiev,  the  clinical  case 
presentations  of  the  children,  their  draw- 
ings, and  their  stories  revealed  a  wrench- 
ing variety  of  post-traumatic  reactions. 
Some  have  become  convinced  they  are 
impervious  to  the  dangers  presented  by 
deadly  threats  they  cannot  see  or  hear. 
One  young  adolescent  boy  named  Alexi 
had  developed  what  the  Ukrainian  psy- 
chologists called  "radioeuphoria." 

This   boy   refused   to   follow   the   strict 


May-June    1993 


15 


guidelines  for  activities  outside  his  home 
and  school,  and  chose  instead  to  play  with 
reckless  abandon  in  the  woods  and 
streams.  At  night,  Alexi  would  sneak  out  of 
his  house  and  roam  the  nearby  woods, 
playing  in  the  fields  and  taking  great 
delight  in  swimming  in  the  streams.  (Since 
the  Chernobyl  accident,  the  rain  has 
washed  large  amounts  of  contaminated  soil 
into  the  stream  beds,  leaving  highly 
radioactive  silt  deposits.)  At  other  times, 
Alexi  would  go  out  and  gather  wild  mush- 
rooms in  the  woods  to  bring  home  and  eat. 
I  was  told  that  mushrooms,  more  than 
other  types  of  fauna,  collect  high  quanti- 
ties of  radioactivity  from  the  soil,  making 
them  especially  toxic. 

Alexi,  however,  was  just  like  any  other 
young  adolescent.  He  liked  to  play  sports 
and  hang  out  with  his  friends.  He  was  a 
fairly  good  student  until  his  reckless 
behavior  began  to  interfere  with  his  school 
attendance.  Clearly,  he  was  exhibiting 
self-destructive,  even  suicidal  behavior  in 
response  to  the  psychological  stress  of  the 
catastrophe,  and  he  continued  to  expose 
himself  to  radioactive  contamination.  Alexi's 
belief  in  his  omnipotence  and  invulnera- 
bility had  become  what  psychiatric  medi- 
cine might  term  a  psychotic  delusion.  On 
one  level  his  "radioeuphoria"  was  an 
understandable  psychic  defense  against  an 
outrageously  abnormal  set  of  circumstances. 

Of  course,  Alexi  had  heard  the  warnings 
about  going  outside,  and  he  understood  the 
danger  of  playing  in  the  woods.  But  from 
his  perspective,  the  world  around  him  did 
not  actually  appear  to  be  so  dangerous. 
There  were  no  soldiers  in  the  streets,  no 
wounded  civilians,  no  gunshots  at  night, 
no  identifiable  enemy  to  curse  or  hate  or 
fight  back  against.  There  was  only  an  invis- 
ible threat.  It  is  hard  to  take  threats  against 
one's  life  seriously  when  the  threat  is  invis- 
ible and  the  danger  not  readily  apparent. 
Nevertheless  the  "radioeuphoria"  was  tak- 
ing a  slow  but  devastating  physical  toll  on 
Alexi,  weakening  his  cardiovascular  and 
lymphatic  system,  leaving  him  vulnerable 
to  cancer  and  other  diseases  born  of  a 
weakened  immune  system. 

Other  children  had  developed  the  oppo- 
site reaction,  "radiophobia,"  an  acute  fear 
of  being  contaminated  by  radiation.  These 
children,  unlike  Alexi,  were  hypervigilant 
and  paranoid  about  the  presence  of  radia- 
tion around  them.  Many  were  reminded 
about  the  presence  of  low-level  radiation 
in  their  neighborhoods  on  a  daily  basis, 
and  many  had  either  parents  or  relatives 
who  were  undergoing  treatment  for  cancer, 
or  had  schoolmates  who  had  developed 
thyroid  cancer.  In  some  instances,  these 
children  would  refuse  to  eat  certain  foods, 
would  wash  their  hands  repeatedly,  and 
often  would  refuse  to  go  outside  or  venture 


Many  of  the  children 

who  lived  near  the 

Chernobyl  plant  or 

in  neighboring 

contaminated  areas  are 

only  now  beginning  to 

develop  symptoms. 


away  from  their  neighborhoods. 

I  examined  the  drawings  of  a  number  of 
children  who  had  left  their  villages  for  the 
summer  to  go  to  the  resorts  on  the  Black 
Sea  for  a  rest.  These  children  had  been 
asked  to  draw  an  imaginary  forest  animal 
from  the  nearby  woods.  What  I  saw  were 
eerie  pictures  of  animals,  some  of  whom 
were  covered  with  thick  protective  armor  or 
spikes.  Other  drawings  revealed  strange  ani- 
mals with  oddly  shaped  bodies.  When 
asked  why  the  animals  looked  so  alien  and 
deformed,  the  children  had  told  the  psychol- 
ogists: "They  ate  bad  dirt  from  the  forest." 

After  the  first  few  days  of  examining  the 
children's  drawings  and  hearing  their  sto- 
ries, I  too  began  to  feel  a  bit  overwhelmed 
and  traumatized.  Not  only  was  I  thousands 
of  miles  from  Boston,  in  the  heartland  of 
what  was  once  dubbed  "The  Evil  Empire," 
but  I  found  myself  in  the  company  of  a 
professional  interpreter  named  Karl  Marx 
who  doubled  as  a  thriving  currency  trader 
on  the  Kiev  black  market.  It  was  one  of 
those  surreal  encounters  that  are  daily  fare 
for  visitors  to  the  former  Soviet  Union.  I 
found  that  I  too  began  to  have  fears  about 
the  "invisible  enemy"  unleashed  by  Cher- 
nobyl, wondering  if  it  might  be  lurking  in 
the  dust  on  the  soles  of  my  shoes,  or  hiding 
in  the  vegetables  I  ate.  It  became  clear  to 
me  that  even  the  most  basic  elements  of 
one's  day-to-day  life  could  become  conta- 
minated by  fears  that  some  insidious, 
unseen  toxin  could  be  taking  its  toll  on 
you  without  your  even  knowing  it. 

The  post-traumatic  stress  reactions  I  saw 
in  the  Chernobyl  Children  were  almost 
unbelievable.  In  my  clinical  work  in 
Boston  I  see  regular,  yet  isolated,  inci- 
dences of  trauma  arising  from  physical  or 
sexual  abuse  or  violent  crimes.  But  I  had 
never  witnessed  the  after-effects  of  such  a 
large  disaster,  nor  encountered  the  psycho- 
logical trauma  it  could  spawn.  What  I  saw 
in  Kiev  made  it  very  clear  to  me  that  the 
Chernobyl  disaster  was  not  simply  the  iso- 
lated, tragic  event  it  first  seemed.  It  was  a 
catastrophe  that  left  an  indelible  mark  on 


a  whole  society  and  a  whole  generation  of 
Ukrainian  children — like  the  eerie  shad- 
ows of  the  Hiroshima  victims  that  were 
etched  on  the  walls  of  buildings  or  side- 
walks by  the  blast  of  the  atomic  bomb. 

Recent  studies  from  Kiev  show  that  as 
children  who  were  initially  relocated  from 
the  contaminated  zones  reach  adolescence, 
many  feel  a  tremendous  sense  of  despair 
and  pessimism  about  their  future.  Many  of 
these  young  adolescents  have  been  treated 
for  radiation  exposure  and  are  suffering  from 
chronic  fatigue  and  weakened  immune  sys- 
tems. Many  know  their  parents'  and  their 
own  life  expectancies  will  be  severely 
shortened.  And  almost  all  of  them  mention 
that  they  know  someone  who  is  terminally 
ill  or  who  has  died  from  cancer  related  to 
the  Chernobyl  accident. 

Fortunately,  many  of  the  children  I  en- 
countered have  been  helped  by  the  in- 
sightful work  of  the  Kiev  psychologists. 
Some  have  since  been  able  to  relocate  to 
safer  surroundings  and  are  responding  to 
ongoing  psychotherapeutic  treatment.  Alexi, 
the  boy  with  "radioeuphoria,"  was  placed 
at  the  top  of  the  wait  list  to  be  moved  out 
of  his  hometown  and  into  a  safer  setting  in 
Kiev.  Other  children  are  now  preparing  to 
leave  for  the  Black  Sea  in  June  to  spend 
their  summers  where  they  can  safely  play 
outside,  eat  food  free  from  the  fear  of  cont- 
amination, and  play  in  the  woods  to  their 
hearts'  content. 

It  is  hard  to  predict  how  Ukraine  and 
the  other  former  Soviet  republics  will  be 
able  to  deal  with  the  lasting  complications 
of  this  disaster.  Ukrainian  employers  pay  a 
significant  tax  on  salaries  to  the  Govern- 
ment's Chernobyl  Fund,  and  numerous 
international  efforts  are  addressing  envi- 
ronmental and  medical  consequences. 

As  the  United  States  and  Europe  focus 
on  necessary  economic  reform  and  technical 
assistance  to  the  former  Soviet  republics, 
the  "invisible  enemy"  unleashed  by  the 
Chernobyl  disaster  continues  to  affect  hun- 
dred of  thousands  of  children  and  adults  in 
Ukraine,  Belarus,  and  Russia.  One  can 
only  hope  that  as  these  republics  struggle 
with  all  the  problems  accompanying  inde- 
pendence, they  can  also  find  ways,  both  on 
their  own  and  with  our  support,  to  heal 
one  of  the  worst  psychological  catastro- 
phes of  the  modern  age. 


Copyright  ©  1993  by  David  Kerr  Wilcox.  A 
clinical  psychologist  in  Boston,  Wilcox  '80  is  on  the 
staff  of  the  child  psychiatry  unit  at  New  England 
Memorial  Hospital  and  is  a  clinical  instructor  in 
psychology  at  Harvard  Medical  School.  He  will  be 
returning  to  the  former  Soviet  Union  this  summer 
to  continue  his  work  with  the  Chernobyl  Children 
and  with  developmentally  delayed  children  in  St. 
Petersburg,  Russia. 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


DUKE 


EXPERIENCING 
DUKE 


The  Class  of  1992  rated  its  overall 
Duke  experience  nearly  half  a  point 
higher — 8.31  on  a  scale  of  10 — than 
the  Class  of  1991's  record  low  of  7.84.  The 
Duke  Experience  Survey,  conducted  by 
Alumni  Affairs  and  funded  by  the  Duke 
Alumni  Association  since  1985,  was  mailed 
in  December  to  1,463  recent  graduates  to 
assess  their  attitudes  and  opinions  of 
undergraduate  life  at  Duke;  534,  or  nearly 
36.5  percent,  responded. 

They  were  a  studious  and  involved  lot: 
37.4  percent  said  they  studied  twenty-one 
to  thirty  hours  weekly  on  average,  37  per- 
cent reported  eleven  to  twenty  hours  week- 
ly, and  14.8  percent  hit  the  books  thirty- 
one  to  forty  hours  weekly  during  their  years 
at  Duke. 

When  they  weren't  studying,  many  were 
involved  in  community  service,  social  con- 
cerns, or  other  volunteer  work.  The  Class 
of  '92  matched  the  highest  percentage  of 
involvement — 86.8 — previously  recorded, 
by  the  Class  of  '91.  Of  those  who  had  vol- 
unteered at  least  an  hour  per  week,  236  said 
their  activity  was  self-initiated,  while  the 
second  and  third  highest  numbers — 153 
and  130 — became  involved  through  greek- 
or  club-organized  efforts. 

As  for  entertainment,  Freewater  Films, 
Quad  Flix,  and  Major  Speakers  continue 
to  be  the  most  popular  cultural  offerings 
over  the  eight-year  period.  Extracurricular 
activities  (clubs,  Union,  The  Chronicle, 
ASDU,  club  sports)  ranked  at  7.21  in 
importance,  an  increase  over  last  year's  sur- 
vey, but  about  average  for  the  eight-year 
time  frame. 

As  for  student  government  reflecting  stu- 
dent opinion,  ASDU's  rating  was  an  all- 
time  low  of  3.79  on  a  scale  of  10.  Asked 
how  it  would  rate  The  Chronicle's  campus 
news  coverage,  the  Class  of  1992's  re- 
sponse was  6.70,  reflecting  a  gradual  decline 
since  its  highest  rating  of  8.24  by  the  Class 
of  1987. 

On  a  ten-point  scale,  with  10  being  very 
high  use,  the  use  of  drugs  on  campus  was 
rated  4.14,  a  new  low.  Alcohol  use  was 


STUDY  TIME 

Percent  who  reported  studying  3 1  or  more  hours  a  week 


EXTRACURRICULAR  ACTIVITIES 

Percent  who  reported  engaging  in  extracurricular  activities  31  or  more  hours  a  week 


COMMUNITY  SERVICE  WORK 

Percent  who  reported  performing  community  service  work  6  or  more  hours  a  week 


*  Question  not  added  until  1 987  survey 


May-]une    1993 


rated  higher  by  the  Class  of  '92  than  previ- 
ous class  surveys,  tying  with  the  Class  of 
1985's  rating  of  7.69.  Ratings  for  the  uni- 
versity's alcohol  policy  in  terms  of  fairness 
to  living  groups  showed  a  slightly  upward 
trend  at  5.51,  compared  to  its  historical 
low  of  5.20  last  year. 

Overall,  93.9  percent  of  those  surveyed 
from  the  Class  of  1992  would  choose  Duke 
again.  In  order  of  importance  on  a  scale  of 
10,  the  class  found  the  Duke  experience 
"developed  my  abilities  to  think,  question, 
and  express  myself  (8.38);  "obtained  a 
college  diploma  as  a  necessary  certificate 
for  social  advancement  and  possible 
employment"  (7.89);  and  "made  me  a 
more  informed,  active,  and  responsible 
person"  (7.88). 


MAKING  CAREER 
CONNECTIONS 


DukeSource,  a  program  developed  by 
the  Career  Development  Center 
(CDC)  and  the  Alumni  Affairs  of- 
fice, gives  job  seekers  their  much  needed 
first  contact.  The  CDC  puts  the  personal 
experience  of  Duke  alumni  and  parents  to 
work  helping  students  and  recent  gradu- 
ates find  a  job. 

"Career  advice  is  available  from  many 
sources,  but  our  research  supports  the  fact 
that  the  most  influential  advice  comes 
from  adults  who  are  engaged  in  and 
inspired  by  their  own  careers,"  says  John 
Noble,  CDC  director.  "The  notion  of 
'mentor'  continues  to  play  an  essential  role 
in  the  formation  of  an  individual's  career." 
DukeSource,  he  says,  helps  young  adults 
make  contact  with  a  mentor. 

In  the  past,  there  has  been  too  much 
dependence  on  college  placement  offices 
to  "find"  jobs  for  each  of  its  graduates,  says 
Noble.  "Our  ultimate  objective  is  to  edu- 
cate students  in  the  arts  of  career  planning 
and  job  hunting,  with  the  realization  that 
people  play  a  crucial  part  in  the  process." 

As  participants  in  DukeSource,  alumni 
and  parents  of  current  students  are  not 
expected  to  provide  or  obtain  jobs  for  stu- 
dents using  the  network.  These  volunteer 
advisers  help  students  explore  career  op- 
tions by  suggesting  additional  reference 
materials,  internships,  summer  jobs,  or  extra- 
curricular activities.  They  may  also  refer 
students  to  other  colleagues  working  with- 
in the  same  industry. 

Information  including  occupation,  em- 
ployer, geographic  region,  job  description, 
career  history,  and  areas  of  expertise  for 
each  of  the  advisers  is  on  file  at  the  CDC. 
The  center  recently  received  a  $12,000 
award  from  The  Prudential  Foundation's 
Career   Services   Office    Grants   program 


that  will  be  used  to  transfer  file  informa- 
tion from  notebooks  to  computer  work  sta- 
tions. The  funding,  says  Noble,  will  allow 
the  CDC  to  computerize  DukeSource, 
making  it  much  more  accessible  and  effec- 
tive for  its  users.  He  projects  that  later  this 
spring  an  initial  group  of  2,500  advisers 
will  be  identified  and  available  for  students 
at  four  work  stations  located  in  the  center. 
For  information  on  DukeSource,  call 
the  Career  Development  Center,  (919) 
660-1050. 


ENGINEERING 
EXCELLENCE 


Anew  engineering  school  honor — a 
student-selected  teaching  award — 
joined  the  field  of  engineering 
excellence  recognized  in  April  at  the  an- 
nual Engineering  Awards  Banquet.  Assis- 
tant professor  of  electrical  engineering  John 
A.  Board  Jr.  was  chosen  by  members  of 
engineering's  Class  of  1993  as  recipient  of 
the  first  Distinguished  Faculty  Teaching 
Award.  Charles  Holley  B.S.E.E.  '41  re- 
ceived the  Distinguished  Alumni  Award, 
James  H.  Vogeley  B.S.E.  '80  was  named 
Distinguished  Young  Alumnus,  and  engi- 
neering professor  and  former  dean  George 
Pearsall  was  presented  the  Distinguished 
Service  Award. 

Board,  who  joined  the  Duke  faculty  in 
1987,  was  chosen  by  a  senior  class  commit- 
tee from  a  field  of  the  top  two  faculty 
members  receiving  the  most  nominations 
in  each  engineering  department.  Selection 
was  based  on  the  ability  to  engender  intel- 
lectual excitement  and  curiosity,  the  abili- 
ty to  communicate  knowledge  of  the  field, 
and  a  willingness  to  be  available  to  stu- 
dents and  responsive  to  their  needs.  The 
award  includes  a  $2,000  honorarium. 

Holley,  a  member  of  Sigma  Chi  and  a 
varsity  basketball  player  at  Duke,  began  as 
a  field  engineer  for  General  Electric  in 
1941  and  retired  as  manager  of  its  turbine 
technology  assessment  operations  in  1983. 
He  helped  develop  a  General  Electric  gen- 
erator that  set  the  worldwide  standard  and 
that  was  eventually  adopted  by  all  major 
manufacturers.  In  1976  he  was  elected  to 
the  National  Academy  of  Engineering  for 
his  "pioneering  contribution  to  the  evolu- 
tion of  turbine-generator  design."  A  fellow 
of  the  Institute  of  Electrical  and  Electronic 
Engineers  (IEEE),  he  has  received  several 
IEEE  professional-achievement  awards.  Hol- 
ley, who  now  lives  in  Sarasota,  is  a  consul- 
tant in  technical  management  and  power 
generation  technology. 

Vogeley  is  the  founder  and  chairman  of 
the  board  of  nVIEW  Corporation  in  New- 
port News,  Virginia.  At  Duke,  he  was  pres- 


ident for  two  years  of  the  student  chapter 
of  the  IEEE,  and  received  two  prizes  for  the 
outstanding  senior  electrical  engineering 
project.  He  joined  Hewlett  Packard  in 
1980,  and  moved  from  its  marketing 
department  to  its  computer  products  group 
and  its  medical  products  group.  In  1983, 
he  joined  his  father  in  a  new  business  to 
produce  eye-tracking  devices  that  would 
assist  the  handicapped  in  the  use  of  com- 
puters. From  this  work,  he  developed  the 
first  liquid  crystal-based  projection  panel 
for  projecting  computer  images  on  a  large 
screen.  In  1984,  he  formed  nVIEW,  the 
leading  supplier  of  high  performance  liquid 
crystal  projection  panel  products;  the  com- 
pany reported  sales  of  $27-6  million  in 
1992.  His  company's  products  have 
received  eleven  major  industry  awards,  in- 
cluding two  PC  Magazine  Editor's  Choice 
awards  and  a  MacUser  magazine  "Eddy" 
Award  in  1992  for  Best  New  Display  Prod- 
uct of  the  Year.  Vogeley  serves  on  the 
engineering  school's  Dean's  Council. 

Pearsall,  a  Duke  professor  in  the  mechan- 
ical engineering  and  material  science  de- 
partment, began  his  career  with  the  Dow 
Chemical  Company  as  a  research  engineer 
after  earning  his  bachelor's  at  Rensselaer 
Polytechnic  Institute.  He  went  on  to  do 
graduate  work  and  to  teach  at  the  Massa- 
chusetts Institute  of  Technology.  He 
joined  Duke's  mechanical  engineering 
department  in  1964,  with  research  special- 
ties in  product  safety,  failure  analysis,  and 
systems  design.  In  1969,  the  Associated 
Students  of  Duke  University  gave  him  its 
Outstanding  Professor  Award. 

Named  dean  of  the  engineering  school 
in  1971,  Pearsall  worked  to  develop  inter- 
disciplinary courses  and  was  instrumental 
in  establishing  a  joint  undergraduate  major 
in  engineering  and  public  policy,  one  of 
the  first  such  majors  to  be  offered  in  this 
country.  Pearsall  also  worked  to  increase 
substantially  the  number  of  female  engi- 
neering undergraduates,  and  to  develop 
technology  courses  for  liberal  arts  students. 
In  1974  he  resigned  as  dean  to  return  to 
teaching,  but  served  as  acting  dean  for  a 
year  in  1982  after  the  untimely  death  of 
Dean  Aleksander  Vesic. 


PHYSICIANS 
HONORED 


The  Duke  Medical  Alumni  Associa- 
tion presented  three  Distinguished 
Alumni  Awards,  two  Distinguished 
Teacher  Awards,  and  a  Distinguished  Ser- 
vice Award  at  its  annual  luncheon  in 
November. 

Named   as   distinguished   alumni   were 
Stephen  Bruce  Baylin  M.D.  '68,  Joseph  F. 


18 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


Fraumeni  Jr.  M.D.  '58,  and  Peter  Odgen 
Kohler  M.D.  '63.  Doctors  Harvey  Jay 
Cohen  and  Edward  Wayne  Massey  were 
named  distinguished  teachers,  and  Rebec- 
ca Trent  Kirkland  M.D.  '68  was  honored 
for  distinguished  service. 

Baylin,  a  professor  of  oncology  and 
medicine  at  Johns  Hopkins'  medical  school, 
is  a  leader  in  the  study  of  the  molecular 
biology  of  lung  cancer  and  endocrine 
organ  tumors.  He  began  his  career  at  the 
National  Institutes  of  Health  and  worked 
with  the  U.S.  Public  Health  Service 
before  going  to  Hopkins  to  teach.  He  has 
received  the  NIH's  Research  Career 
Development  Award,  along  with  awards 
from  the  American  Society  for  Clinical 
Investigation  and  the  Endocrine  Society. 

Fraumeni  is  a  cancer  epidemiologist  and 
a  scientist  who  has  helped  to  bring  the  sta- 
tistically oriented  discipline  of  epidemiolo- 
gy into  the  mainstream  of  cancer  research. 
He  has  been  director  of  the  National  Can- 
cer Institute's  epidemiology  and  biostatis- 
tics  program  since  1979.  He  earned  his 
master  of  science  in  hygiene  from  the  Har- 
vard School  of  Public  Health.  He  has  been 
an  attending  physician  at  the  NIH's  Clini- 
cal Center  since  1966,  and  professor  of  epi- 
demiology at  the  Uniformed  Services  Uni- 
versity of  the  Health  Sciences  since  1980. 


Kohler  is  an  endocrinologist  and  presi- 
dent of  the  Oregon  Health  Sciences  Uni- 
versity, where  he  is  a  professor  of  medicine. 
He  worked  in  the  National  Cancer  Insti- 
tute's endocrinology  service  before  going 
to  the  Baylor  College  of  Medicine  as  chief 
of  endocrinology  and  professor  of  medicine 
and  cell  biology.  In  1977  he  became  chair 
of  the  department  of  medicine  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Arkansas  for  Medical  Sciences 
and  chief  of  the  university  hospital's  med- 
ical services.  He  was  dean  and  professor  of 
medicine  at  the  University  of  Texas 
Health  Science  Center's  medical  school 
before  going  to  Oregon  in  1988. 

Cohen  came  to  Duke  in  1965  for  a  med- 
ical internship  and,  except  for  two  years  at 
the  NIH's  Institute  for  Arthritis  and  Meta- 
bolic Diseases,  has  worked  here  in  geri- 
atrics and  at  the  Durham  VA  Medical 
Center.  He  helped  initiate  the  geriatrics 
fellowship  program  at  Duke  and  later 
became  chief  of  the  interdepartmental 
(medicine,  psychiatry,  and  family  medi- 
cine) division  of  geriatrics,  which  he  had 
helped  establish.  In  1982  he  became  the 
first  chief  of  geriatrics.  He  is  now  director 
of  the  Center  for  the  Study  of  Aging  and 
Human  Development  at  Duke  and  direc- 
tion of  the  Geriatric  Research,  Education, 
and  Clinical  Center  at  the  VA.  He  was 


nominated  by  medical  students  for  the 
Golden  Apple  teaching  award  from  1978 
to  1980. 

Massey,  a  neurologist,  came  to  Duke  in 
1979.  A  1970  graduate  of  the  University  of 
Texas  Medical  Branch  (UTMB)  at  Galve- 
ston, he  began  his  teaching  career  in  1969 
as  an  instructor  at  UTMB,  then  moved  to 
Georgetown  University's  medical  school. 
He  held  positions  at  Quantico,  the  NIH, 
and  the  Navy's  medical  center  in  Bethesda 
before  coming  to  Duke.  He  received  the 
Eugene  A.  Stead  House  Staff  Award  for 
excellence  in  teaching  and  the  Neurology 
Teaching  Award.  He  was  elected  to  the 
Engle  Society  by  Duke  medical  students. 

Distinguished  Service  Award  recipient 
Kirkland  is  a  renowned  pediatric  endocri- 
nologist. She  spent  most  of  her  academic 
career  at  Baylor  College  of  Medicine, 
where  she  has  been  a  pediatrics  professor 
since  1988.  She  also  heads  ambulatory  ser- 
vices at  Texas  Children's  Hospital  in 
Houston.  She  is  president  of  the  American 
Leadership  Forum,  a  group  of  Houston 
community  leaders  who  assist  in  problem- 
solving  for  the  Gulf  Coast  and  Houston 
area.  She  is  a  founding  member  of  Housto- 
nians  Helping  Others  and  a  founding 
board  member  of  the  greater  Houston 
Women's  Foundation.   Kirkland  is  presi- 


September     5-18,     1993  'Jffiaf  is  the  Oxford  Experience?  It  is  an  opportunity  to  immerse  yourself  in 

centuries-old  traditions  of  learning  and  community,  to  study  in  small  groups 
A  two-week  residential  with  renowned  Oxford  faculty,  to  explore  the  English  countryside  and  visit 

historical  landmarks,  to  be  students  once  again. 
study  program  for  Duke  G/ioose  from  topics  that  will  include  art,  archaeology,  politics,  and  history. 

Attend  classes,  participate  in  field  trips,  and  savor  the  atmosphere  of  one  of 
alumni   a   friends,   held  the  world's  great  centers  of  learning. 

ii&or  more  information,  send  in  the  form  below  or  contact  Deborah  Fowlkes, 
at   the    University   of  Director  of  Alumni  Continuing  Education,  919  684-51 14  or  soo  for-duke. 


THE      OXFORD      EXPERIENCE 


the  Duke  University  Office  of 


*s  &   the   UNC 


General  Alumni  Association 


May-June    1993 


y    E    S    !    tie/it/  rue  information 


The   Oxford   Experience. 


SXease  n-/itr/i  to:     The  Oxford  Experience,  Box  90575. 
DURHAM,  NC  27708-0575 


dent  of  the  Josiah  Charles  Trent  Memorial 
Foundation,  Inc.,  which  provides  funds  to 
Duke  in  international  studies,  reproduc- 
tive biology,  and  the  history  of  medicine. 

ifornia,  sends  a  complete  welcome  packet. 
And  by  taking  part  in  museum  tours,  the- 
ater parties,  service  projects,  and  a  variety 
of  events  offered,  alumni  new  to  the  neigh- 
borhood can  sample  the  local  culture. 

For  example,   the  Duke  Club  of  San 
Diego  sponsored  a  Rachmaninov  evening 
at  the  San  Diego  Symphony  in  February, 
preceded  by  cocktails  and  hors  d'oeuvres 
in  The  President's  Room.  And  the  touring 
company  of  the  Phantom  of  the  Opera  has 
generated   theater  parties   arranged  by  a 
number  of  alumni  clubs:  the  Duke  Club  of 
Portland  in  Oregon,  and  Duke  clubs  in 
Dallas,  Cleveland,   Pittsburgh,  St.  Louis, 
Kentucky,  and  Nashville. 

The  Duke  Club  of  Boston  held  a  pri- 
vate evening  reception  at  the  Museum  of 
Fine  Arts.  The  Duke  Club  of  Tulsa  held 
a  reception  and  lecture  on  Mayan  art  at 
the  Gilcrease  Museum.  The  Duke  Univer- 
sity   Metropolitan    Alumni    Association 
(DUMAA)  of  the  New  York  City  area 
reserved  a  block  of  tickets  to  the  Matisse 
exhibit  at  the  Museum  of  Modern  Art. 

Although  some  may  not  consider  bas- 
ketball as  culture  (even  if  the  NCAA  does 
have    a    museum-like    visitors    center    in 
Overland  Park,  Kansas),  hoops  always  rank 
high  when  it  comes  to  drawing  a  Blue 
Devil  crowd.  Clubs  large  and  small  sponsor 

TV  watch  parties  at  local  pubs  and  clubs. 
But  when  the  game  is  played  in  town,  it's  a 
different  ballgame.  When  Duke  played  Rut- 
gers in  December,  the  Duke  Club  of  the 
Triangle  sponsored  a  road  trip  to  New  Jersey 
for  a  pregame  reception  at  the  Meadow- 
lands  with  DUMAA  and  the  Duke  clubs 
of  Philadelphia,  Washington  (D.C.),  Del- 
aware, Baltimore,  New  Jersey,  and  North- 
ern Connecticut.  For  the  Maui  Invitation- 
al, the  Duke  Club  of  Northern  California 
sponsored  travel   to  Hawaii  to  join  the 
Duke  Club  of  Hawaii  and  the  Iron  Dukes 
for  a  pregame  reception.  And  when  it  was 
Duke  against  Florida  State  in  January,  the 
Duke  clubs  of  Orlando,  Tampa,  Jackson- 
ville, and  Tallahassee  held  a  get-together 
before  the  tip-off. 

Duke  faculty  and  administration  speakers, 
community  service  projects,  annual  din- 
ners, picnics,  wine-tastings — all  are  avail- 
able to  alumni  who  want  to  ease  into  a 
new  place  and  career.  If  you're  planning  to 
move  soon,  please  include  Alumni  Affairs 
on  your  list  of  address  change  cards.  Or  if 
you'd  like  to  talk  to  the  club  contact  in  your 
new  locale,  contact  the  Alumni  Affairs 
Clubs  Program,   614  Chapel  Drive,  Box 
90574,  Durham,  N.C.  27708-0574;  or  call 
(919)  684-5114,  (800)  FOR-DUKE. 

SETTLING 
IN 

^t  ■  ew  job,  new  town,  new  home,  but 
■W  who  can  tell  you  about  a  special 
■  ^H  restaurant,  which  gym  to  choose, 
the  best  day  care,  what  local  activities  will 
be  worth  your  while?  Newcomers  to  a 
region  should  look  to  their  local  Duke  club 
as  a  source  of  information  and  for  valuable 
contacts,  both  socially  and  professionally. 

Each  month,  the  Alumni  Affairs  office 
generates  a  list  of  newcomers  to  a  region 
based  on  address  changes  received  in  the 
Records  Office.  That  list  is  mailed  to  local 
club  contacts  in  more  than  forty  cities  or 
regions.  By  virtue  of  changing  addresses, 
alumni  become  a  part  of  their  new  local 
clubs'  mailing  lists  to  receive  club  newslet- 
ters or  invitations  to  club-planned  events. 

In  many  areas,  newcomers  receive  a  let- 
ter of  welcome  from  the  club  president  and 
a  schedule  of  upcoming  club  activities. 
One  club,  the  Duke  Club  of  Southern  Cal- 

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Oak  Value  Capital  Management  Inc. 
provides  portfolio  management  services 
for  individuals,  retirement  accounts, 
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DUKE   MAGAZINE 


Q5uke 

TRAVEL 


13 


Continuing  the  educational 

experience  through  more  enriching 

adventures 

"Travel  is  fatal  to  prejudice,  bigotry,  and  narrow- 
mindedness,  and  many  of  our  people  need  it  sorely 
...broad,  wholesome,  charitable  views... can  not  be 
acquired  by  vegetating  in  one's  little  corner  of  earth. 
—  Mark  Twain,  Innocents  Abroad  (1869) 

Danube  River/Eastern  Europe 

May  29-June  12 

Begin  with  one  night  in  Vienna,  Austria.  Then 
cruise  five  fascinating  countries,  visiting 
Bratislava,  The  Czech  Republic;  Budapest, 
Hungary;  the  Balkan  countryside;  Nikopol/ 
Pleven,  Bulgaria;  Giurgiu  /  Bucharest,  Romania; 
with  a  short  transfer  in  Izmail,  Moldavia,  for  a 
cruise  on  the  Black  Sea  to  Istanbul,  Turkey,  for 
two  nights.  A  one-night  return  stay  in  Vienna  is 
included  at  the  end  of  the  trip  before  returning 
home.  A  cultural  enrichment  lecturer  from  Duke 
University  wil]  provide  a  wealth  of  historical  and 
current  information  on  areas  being  visited.  From 
$3,899  per  person,  double  occupancy. 

North  Cape  Cruise 

July  8-23 

Sail  the  majestic  Norwegian  fjords  and  North 
Cape  aboard  the  exquisite  Crystal  Harmony.  On 
this  grand  cruise,  the  Duke  Alumni  Association 
and  the  Duke  Diet  &  Fitness  Center  offer  a 
unique,  educational  perspective.  Cruising  with 
Duke  Diet  &  Fitness  means  enhancing  your 
health  and  well-being  while  escaping  to  spectac- 
ular landscapes  and  rich  history.  Luxurious  liv- 
ing can  be  healthy  living.  From  $5,505,  includ- 
ing free  air  from  Eastern  points  of  the  U.S.,  and 
reduced  air  from  the  Central  and  Western  regions. 

Great  Rivers  of  Europe/Danube  Canal 

July  22-August  4 

Our  own  Duke  faculty  host  will  provide  an  excit- 
ing narrative  about  this  area.  Travel  into  Vienna, 
Austria,  and  board  the  M.S.  Switzerland,  one  of 
the  newest  European  ships  afloat.  On  the  Danube 
River,  visit  Krems,  Melk,  and  Linz,  Austria,  plus 
Passau,  Deggendorf,  and  Regensburg,  Germany. 
A  special  highlight  is  a  daytime  transit  of  the 
brand-new  Danube  Canal,  an  engineering  marvel 
and  the  means  by  which  we  can  sail  a  continuous 
itinerary  to  the  Main  and  the  Rhine  Rivers.  Some 
of  the  many  cities  we'll  visit  in  Germany  along 
the  way  are  Rothenburg,  Miltenberg,  Heidelberg, 
Rudesheim,  Koblenz,  Bonn,  and  Cologne. 
Included  along  the  way  are  planned  parties,  a  cas- 
tle dinner  party,  and  the  convenience  of  unpack- 
ing just  once  during  the  entire  trip.  From 
$3,899  per  person,  double  occupancy. 


Scandinavia 

August  11-23 

Our  alumni  will  be  learning  the  history  of  the 
Vikings,  while  enjoying  a  land  filled  with  majes- 
tic color  and  beauty.  You'll  visit  the  historical 
areas  of  Denmark's  capital  city,  Copenhagen. 
Then  an  overnight  cruise  transports  you  through 
a  60-mile-long  Olsofjord  to  Oslo,  Norway,  fol- 
lowed by  a  fabulous  fjord-country  excursion, 
then  a  train  and  ferry  to  Gudvangen,  a  dramatic 
mountain  setting.  On  to  Bergen  and,  as  a  finale, 
Stockholm,  Sweden.  Savor  the  real  Scandinavia 
brought  to  life  by  knowledgeable  local  guides. 
Visit  Tivoli  Gardens,  enjoy  a  memorable  home- 
hosted  Swedish  luncheon,  and  explore  major 
cities.  An  optional  trip  to  St.  Petersburg  on  a 
special  three-night  extension  at  the  Astoria 
Hotel  rounds  out  this  highly  educational  tour. 
$3,598  per  person,  double  occupancy. 

Passage  to  Suez 

September  28-October  12 
Turkey-Greek  Islands-Israel-Egypt.  A  chance  to 
grasp  the  world's  classic  civilizations  brought 
together  in  one  itinerary.  Our  certified  guides  will 
provide  an  informative  perspective  of  each  area 
visited.  After  three  nights  in  Istanbul  at  the  new 
Conrad  Istanbul,  the  all-suite  Renaissance  becomes 
your  exclusively  chartered  home  for  the  next  seven 
nights.  Ports  of  call  include:  Kusadase  (Ephesus), 
Turkey;  Kos  and  Rhodes,  Greece;  Haifa  and 
Ashdod  (Jerusalem  and  Bethlehem),  Israel;  and 
Port  Said,  Egypt.  Then  on  to  three  nights  at  the 
Semiramis  Inter-Continental  overlooking  the 
Nile  River  and  Cairo.  Unique  features  include 
time  to  explore  Istanbul  and  Cairo,  the  option 
of  extending  an  additional  four  days  in  Luxor, 
and  two  days  at  sea  cruising  the  Aegean  Sea  and 
Eastern  Mediterranean.  From  $4,498  per  per- 
son, double  occupancy. 

China 

September  30-October  18 
China,  land  of  treasure  and  tradition,  where  time 
stands  still.  Visit  Beijing,  Shanghai,  and  Hong 
Kong.  See  the  Great  Wall,  the  Forbidden  City, 
and  the  Temple  of  Heaven.  Cruise  the  Yangtze 
River  and  its  magnificent  Three  Gorges  aboard 
the  new  M.  V.  Yangtze  Paradise.  Stop  in  Xi'an 
and  pay  tribute  to  the  world-renowned  Terra 
Cotta  Warriors.  Marvel  at  the  50,000  ancient 
Buddhist  stone  statues  recently  excavated  in 
remote  Dazu.  Conclude  your  journey  in  dazzling 
Hong  Kong,  the  world's  most  famous  shopping 
mecca.  From  approximately  $4,995  per  person, 
double  occupancy. 

The  Seas  of  Ulysses  and  Black  Sea 

October  10-23 
Cruise  aboard  the  spectacular  Crown  Odyssey 
to  the  Eastern  Mediterranean  and  the  Black  Sea. 
This  twelve-night  voyage  allows  you  to  marvel  at 
the  antiquities  of  Athens,  Venice,  Ephesus,  and 
Istanbul,  and  then  sail  on  beyond  to  the  Tsarist 
grandeurs  of  Odessa  and  Yalta — and  in  1993, 
Constanta  (Romania).  The  charming  Greek  isles 
of  Patras,  Santorini,  and  Mykonos  complete  your 


cruise.  With  our  special  discount,  prices  start  at 
just  $3,044  per  person,  double  occupancy, 
including  free  air  from  most  cities. 

Passage  through  Egypt 

November  6-21  and  November  12-27 
Come  with  us  "behind  the  scenes"  on  an  extraor- 
dinary journey  to  Egypt.  Travel  down  the  Nile 
aboard  the  M.S.  Hapi,  an  elegant,  private  yacht, 
with  only  1 5  spacious  and  superbly  decorated 
cabins.  You  will  travel  in  small  groups  accom- 
panied by  highly  knowledgeable  guides  who 
make  you  feel  welcome  in  their  native  country. 
Spend  a  full  day  and  night  at  the  colossal  temples 
of  Abu  Simbel,  meet  with  experts  who  tell  us 
about  their  work,  experience  Egyptian  cultures, 
and  visit  the  home  of  an  Egyptian  family  for  tea. 
Prices  range  from  $4,500-$5,000  per  person, 
double  occupancy.  Airfare  is  extra. 

Kenya 

November  9-21 

Safari  is  Swahili  for  journey.  Our  Grand  Kenya 
Safari  will  be  a  memorable  educational  and  cul- 
tural journey  with  the  addition  of  a  wildlife 
expert  to  accompany  us.  Vast  areas  of  Kenya 
have  been  set  aside  as  national  parks,  game 
reserves,  and  sanctuaries,  where  infinite  varieties 
of  African  fauna  and  flora  can  be  seen,  studied, 
and  photographed.  Enjoy  luxurious  game  lodges 
set  in  forest  and  mountain  parklands,  and  dra- 
matic vantage  points  in  open  savannah  country, 
all  home  to  a  countless  variety  of  game.  Nine 
nights  in  Kenya,  including  Nairobi  (Nairobi 
Safari  Club),  Amboseli  (Amboseli  Serena 
Lodge),  Aberdare  (Mountain  Lodge),  Nanyuki 
(Mount  Kenya  Safari  Club),  and  the  Masai 
Mara  (Mara  Sopa  Lodge).  A  farewell  dinner  is 
hosted  by  prominent  Nairobi  citizens  in  their 
home  high  atop  Lavington  Hill.  $6,295  per  per- 
son, double  occupancy  from  New  York. 


A 


For  More  Information 

Indicate  the  trips  of  interest  to  you  for  detailed  brochu 


D  Danube  River  D  Passage 

Eastern  Europe  to  Suez 


□  North  Cape 


D  China 


□  Great  Rivers  of  □  Seas  of  Ulysses 

Europe/Danube  Canal  Black  Sea 


□  Scandinavia 


□  Egypt 

□  Kenya 


Fill  out  the  coupon  and  return  to: 

Barbara  DeLapp  Booth  54, 

Duke  Travel,  614  Chapel  Drive,  Durham,  NC 

27706  919  684-5114  or  800  FOR-DUKE 


Last  Name 

First  Name 

Class 

Street  Address 

at, 

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Sp 

Phone  (Day)  (Evening) 

Travel  advertising,  brochures,  and  mailings  to  alumni 

are  fully  subsidized  by  participating  travel  companies. 


-June    1993 


BIG  BAND 
ON  CAMPUS 


Wide-screen  TVs  are 
commonplace  in  most 
of  Duke's  dining  halls 
today.  But  in  the  Thirties,  Duke 
students  enjoyed  live  after-dinner 
entertainment  every  night — the 
sweet  sounds  of  big  band  music. 
From  6  to  7  p.m.  on  weekdays,  stu- 
dents in  Trinity's  Union  Building 
or  the  Woman's  College  could 
hear  Les  Brown  '36  and  his  Duke 
Blue  Devils,  the  most  popular 
student  band  of  the  era. 

Of  course,  Johnny  Long  and  his  Duke 
Collegians  might  have  taken  issue  with 
this  assertion.  For  more  than  three  years, 
Brown  and  Long  were  good  friends,  but 
rivals — one  playing  on  East  Campus,  one 
on  West,  competing  for  the  most  attrac- 
tive weekend  fraternity  and  intercollegiate 
dances  from  Richmond,  Virginia,  to 
Charleston,  South  Carolina.  While  Long 
(who  died  in  1972)  had  his  own  band  into 
the  1960s,  and  changed  its  styles  over  the 
decades  to  follow  prevailing  tastes,  Brown 
and  his  "Band  of  Renown,"  as  a  Washing- 
ton radio  broadcaster  labeled  them  in 
1942,  have  just  passed  fifty  years  together 
as  one  of  the  few  remaining  dance  bands. 

"Those  were  four  of  the  nicest  years  I 
ever  had,"  says  Brown  about  his  Duke 
days,  recalling  fondly  his  performing  in  the 
dining  hall  in  exchange  for  free  meals. 
Though  times  were  tight,  Brown  says  he 
and  his  band  were  relatively  unaffected  by 
the  Depression.  His  father  paid  his  tuition, 
$200  per  semester,  and  his  own  income 
paid  for  books  and  most  of  his  living 
expenses.  "I  wasn't  really  interested  in  eco- 
nomics at  that  time,"  Brown  says.  "But  I 
had  enough  money  left  over  for  a  movie 
and  a  beer  every  now  and  then." 

Entertainment  at  Duke  also  included 
the  formal  dances  held  by  fraternities.  The 
bands  led  by  Benny  Goodman  and  Tommy 
Dorsey  were  often  hired  for  these  dances, 
which  were  occasions  for  musical  inspira- 
tion, says  Brown.  "Our  band  did  a  fairly 
good  job  of  imitating  Benny  Goodman's 
style." 

It  was  almost  by  accident  that  Brown 
came  to  Duke.  After  an  unusual  secondary 
education  (at  age  fourteen,  he  attended 


Friend/31  rivals:  Johnny  Long, 
above  left,  and  his  Duke  Collegians 
competed  with  Les  Brown  and  his 
Blue  Devils  for  campus  gigs; 
Brown,  at  right,  brought  his  Band 
of  Renown  to  Duke  in  1987 

Ithaca  Conservatory  on  a  bas- 
soon scholarship,  and  then 
completed  his  pre-college 
studies  at  the  New  York 
Military  Academy),  Brown 
had  planned  to  attend  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania. 
But  during  the  summer  of 
1932,  he  heard  the  Duke 
Blue  Devils  perform  with 
singer  Nick  Laney,  who  was  called  the 
"croonin'  halfback"  because  he  was  also 
Duke's  star  football  player.  Laney,  who 
according  to  Brown,  "had  a  pretty  good 
voice  even  though  he  knew  nothing  about 
music,"  persuaded  him  to  come  to  Duke 
and  play  saxophone  in  his  band.  Just  two 
years  later,  Brown  was  the  leader  of  the 
Blue  Devils.  "I  got  mostly  A's  during  my 
freshman  and  sophomore  years,"  Brown 
says.  "Then,  after  I  started  leading  the 
band,  I  got  A's,  B's,  and  C's." 

For  fifteen  months  after  graduating  in 
1936,  he  and  the  other  Blue  Devils  toured 
the  country,  traveling  in  a  used  Cadillac 
they  purchased  from  a  funeral  home.  The 
tour  ended  when  parents  of  some  of  the 
underclassmen  Devils  requested  that  they 
return  to  Duke  to  finish  their  studies.  Dur- 
ing this  time,  the  Blue  Devils  recorded 
with  Decca,  becoming  the  first  collegiate 
band  signed  by  a  major  label. 

Brown's  professional  career  began  al- 
most immediately.  He  spent  a  year  in  New 
York  as  a  free-lance  arranger  for  artists  like 


Isham  Jones  and  Larry  Clin- 
ton, and  in  1938,  formed  the 
band   that   exists   today.   The 
band's  first  hit,  "Joltin'  Joe 
DiMaggio,"  in  1941,  was  fol- 
lowed by  "Sentimental  Journey," 
1  a  song  recorded  by  Doris  Day 
<  in  1944  that  sold  over  a  million 
1  copies  and  became  the  radio 
1  theme  song  of  the  "Band  of  Re- 
nown." In  1947, 
Bob  Hope  hired 
the  band  for  his 
television  program 
and  to  travel  on 
his  annual  tours 
to  American  GIs 
stationed  abroad. 
This  April,  the 
band  taped  its  last 
show  for  Hope, 
culminating  a 
forty-six-year 
association. 

In  1987,  Brown 
returned  to  Duke 
for  a  benefit  con- 
cert to  raise  funds 
for  a  chair  in 
Duke's  music  de- 
partment. Brown 
says  he  hopes  that 
the  endowment  will  eventually  provide  an 
opportunity  for  a  distinguished  practicing 
musician — not  necessarily  a  jazz  artist — to 
come  to  Duke.  In  fact,  Brown  is  careful  to 
distinguish  between  his  own  dance  band 
and  the  jazz  bands  that  developed  later. 
Though  he  has  performed  at  four  inaugural 
balls  (two  for  Nixon  and  two  for  Reagan), 
he  says  he  wasn't  surprised  that  President 
Clinton  didn't  offer  his  band  an  invita- 
tion: "He  plays  a  rock  and  roll  saxophone." 
The  musical  tastes  of  the  president,  and 
the  baby-boomer  generation  in  general, 
signal  the  end  of  the  big  band  era,  says 
Brown.  In  fact,  he  says,  with  the  advent  of 
progressive  jazz,  it  was  past  its  prime  long 
ago.  Though  the  Band  of  Renown  still  plays 
four  or  five  times  a  month,  mostly  in  Califor- 
nia, Brown's  audiences — usually  older  than 
fifty-five — have  thinned.  "Now,  we  play 
for  a  lot  of  people  at  their  fiftieth  wedding 
anniversary  parties.  These  are  the  people 
who  practically  got  married  to  our  music." 
— Jonathan  Douglas 


22 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


CLASS 
NOTES 


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Box  90570,  Durham,  N.C.  27708-0570 

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NOTICE:  I 

class  note  material  we  receive  and  the 
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may  not  appear  for  three  to  four  issues. 
Alumni  are  urged  to  include  spouses' 
names  in  marriage  and  birth  announce- 
ments. We  do  not  record  engagements. 


20s,  30s  &  40s 


W.  Leonard  Eury  '26  is  hack  at  his  family  home, 
Highacre,  in  Bessemer  City,  N.C,  recovering  from 
hip  replacement  surgery.  He  retired  in  1970  after  42 
years  at  Appalachian  State  University,  where  he  was 
director  of  the  library  for  25  years.  A  special  regional 
collection  at  ASU  bears  his  name. 

Rose  Toney  Hill  '35  was  honored  by  the  National 
Association  of  Social  Workers  with  its  Lifetime 
Achievement  Award  for  her  50  years  in  the  profes- 
sion. She  earned  her  master's  in  social  work  at  Tulane 
University  in  1942.  She  lives  in  Morristown,  Tenn. 

Frank  Braynard  '39  is  curator  of  the  American 
Merchant  Marine  Museum  at  Kings  Point,  N.Y.  He 
recently  helped  restore  a  century-old  painting  by 
Antonio  Jacobsen. 

John  P.  McGovern  B.S.M.  '45,  M.D.  '45  was 
awarded  the  first  Houston  Academy  of  Medicine  John 
P.  McGovern  Compleat  Physician  Award  at  the  Har- 
ris County  Medical  Society /Houston  Academy  of 
Medicine  installation  of  1993  officers. 

Bruce  K.  Goodman  '47  was  awarded  the 
Evanston,  111.,  Chamber  of  Commerce  Community 
Leadership  Award. 


50s 


Jay  Goldman  B.S.M.E.  '50,  dean  of  the  Univer- 
sity of  Alabama  at  Birmingham  School  of  Engineer- 
ing, was  named  Engineer  of  the  Year  by  the  Engineer- 
ing Council  of  Birmingham. 

Richard  E.  Thigpen  Jr.  '51,  a  Charlotte,  N.C, 
attorney,  was  elected  to  a  one-year  term  as  president 
of  the  American  College  of  Tax  Counsel. 

Frederick  P.  Brooks  Jr.  '53,  Kenan  Professor 
of  Computer  Science  at  UNC-Chapel  Hill,  was 
awarded  the  John  Von  Neumann  Medal  by  the  Insti- 
tute of  Electrical  and  Electronics  Engineers,  Inc.,  for 
"his  contributions  to  computer  architectute,  software 
engineering,  and  computer  science  education." 


H.  Rogers  '53  retired  from  the  Maryland 
attorney  general's  office  and  has  been  named  director 


May-June    1993 


of  special  projects  and  tours  for  Oriole  Park  at  Cam- 
den Yards — site  of  the  1993  baseball  all-star  game.  He 
is  also  general  manager  of  the  world  champion  USA 
men's  lacrosse  team. 

John  R.  Blue  B.D.  '55,  chief  of  chaplain  service  at 
the  Wichita,  Kan.,  Department  of  Veterans  Affairs 
Medical  Centet,  was  transferred  to  the  same  position 
at  the  Huntington,  W.Va.,  VA  Medical  Center  in 
November. 


Alfred  L.  Mowery  '55  retired  in  late  1992  from 
the  Department  of  Energy.  During  his  career,  he 
developed  the  thermoelectric  power  generators  for 
NASA's  Voyager  and  Galileo  spacecrafts.  He  and  his 
wife,  Mary,  live  in  Hilton  Head,  S.C 

George  M.  Woodwell  A.M.  '56,  Ph.D.  '58  is  the 
author  of  World  Forests  for  the  Future,  published  by 
Yale  University  Press.  He  is  the  ditector  of  the  Woods 
Hole  Research  Center  in  Massachusetts. 


TEA  TASTER 


B: 
r 


efore  going  to 
work  in  the 
morning,  Robert 
Dick  '36  savors  a  nice 
Indian  blend  tea  with 
his  breakfast.  On  his 
mid-morning  break,  he 
opts  for  a  China  brew. 
Such  facts  are  not  that 
surprising  until  you 
learn  that  for  his  job, 
Dick  sips  hundreds  of 
cups  of  tea  a  day. 

Employed  by  the 
Food  and  Drug  Admin- 
istration, Dick  finds  his 
responsibilities  dictated 
by  the  Tea  Importation 
Act  of  1897,  created  to 
make  sure  imported 
teas  pass  muster.  With 
nearly  all  of  the  tea 
sold  in  this  country 
coming  from  distant 
ports,  Dick's  job  would 
seem  influential.  But 
President  Bill  Clinton 
recently  targeted  the 
U.S.  Board  of  Tea 
Experts,  of  which  Dick 
is  executive  secretary, 
as  an  example  of  gov- 
ernmental excess. 

Dick,  the 
FDA's  second- 
oldest  em- 
ployee and  an 
official  U.S.  tea 
taster  for  forty- 
six  years, 
seems 
unfazed. 
In  order  to 
abolish  the 
Tea  Board 
and,  by  extension, 
his  post,  Congress 
would  have  to  repeal 
the  Importation  Act.  In 
the  meantime,  Dick 
devotes  the  hours  of 
7  a.m.  to  3:30  p.m. 
every  weekday  to  his 
vocation.  With  parallels 
to  wine  tasting,  Dick 
pays  careful  attention 
to  the  beverage's  ap- 


Dick:  Unfazed  by  controversy  brewing  over  tea  board  abolishment 


pearance,  aroma,  and 
bouquet.  To  avoid  con- 
suming massive  quanti- 
ties of  caffeine  (not  to 
mention  gallons  of  tea), 
he  keeps  a  spittoon 
close  by. 


Although  Dick's 
office  rejects  only  a 
fraction  of  the  tea  that 
comes  into  this  coun- 
try (most  of  it  destined 
for  the  iced  tea  mar- 
ket), he  would  like  to 
see  Americans  upgrade 
their  palates.  "People 


tell  me  that  they  really 
can't  distinguish 
between  teas  and  it 
doesn't  make  a  differ- 
ence what  kind  they 
drink,"  says  Dick.  "But 
when  1  put  out  a  num- 
ber of  types  to  sample, 
they  inevitably  choose 
the  best  one." 

And  how  does  he 
react  to  the  ubiqui- 
tous presweetened 
cold  beverage  served 
in  most  Southern 
restaurants? 
'Well,  I  like 
iced  tea,"  he 
says,  "but  I 
make  mine 
more  tea-tasting. 
Most  of  the  stuff  out 
there  is  basically  sweet- 
ened lemon  juice. 
Americans  are  used  to 
paying  a  dollar  for  a 
hundred  tea  bags,  but 
if  they  really  got  into  it, 
they  would  find  plea- 
surable differences 


between  types  of  teas." 
Dick  says  he  is  some- 
thing of  a  purist,  pre- 
ferring his  tea  straight 
or  with  a  bit  of  sugar. 
And  when  he's  on 
duty,  he  has  to  avoid 
certain  culinary 
delights.  He  could 
never,  for  example,  eat 
a  garlicky  lunch 
entree.  "Oh  no,  you 
wouldn't  want  to  do 
that,"  he  says,  laughing 
at  the  idea.  "But  other 
than  that,  we  don't 
really  have  any  restric- 
tions about  what  we 
can  or  can't  do  while 
tasting.  Sometimes  we 
have  a  problem  with 
visitors  who  come  to 
the  office  wearing  a  lot 
of  cologne  or  perfume. 
They  may  not  know 
it's  obvious,  but  it  can 
really  interfere  with 
our  sampling." 


W.  Harrison  Daniel  Ph.D.  '57,  William  Binford 
Vest  Professor  of  History,  retired  in  May  after  37  years 
of  teaching  at  the  University  of  Richmond.  During 
his  career,  he  published  four  books,  nearly  80  articles, 
and  more  than  200  reviews. 

Marvin  M.  Moore  J.D.  '57,  LL.M.  '60,  S.J.D.  '68 

represented  Duke  in  May  at  the  inaugurarion  of  the 
president  of  the  University  of  Akron  in  Ohio. 

Roger  E.  Rinaldi  B.S.C.E.  '57  represented  Duke 
in  May  at  the  inauguration  of  the  president  of  Oral 
Roberts  University  in  Tulsa,  Okla. 

Edward  W.  Ryan  A.M.  '57  is  the  author  of  In  the 

Words  of  Adam  Smith,  The  First  Consumer  Advocate, 
published  by  Thomas  Horton  and  Daughters.  He  is  an 
economics  professor  at  Manhattanville  College  and 
lives  with  his  family  in  Scarsdale,  N.Y. 

William  Morrison  Rouse  Jr.  M.Ed.  '58  repre- 
sented Duke  in  April  at  the  inauguration  of  the  presi- 
dent of  Miami  University  in  Oxford,  Ohio. 

Charles  Y.  Lackey  B.S.E.E.  '59  joined  the  Win- 
ston-Salem law  firm  Petree  Stockton,  where  he  spe- 
cializes in  patent,  trademark,  and  antitrust  law. 

Rebecca  Rodgers  Terrill  '59,  who  retired  in 
June  1991  after  teaching  for  32  years  in  North  Car- 
olina, Virginia,  and  Guam,  was  honored  at  the  Hamp- 
ton (Va.)  Education  Association  banquet.  She  is  busy 
volunteering  and  exploring  business  \ 


60s 


Mary  Maddry  Strauss  '60,  who  has  chaired  the 
board  of  trustees  of  the  Baptist  Theological  Seminary 
at  Richmond  since  its  inception  in  1989,  has  been  re- 
elected trustee  chair.  She  lives  in  Hagerstown,  Md., 
where  she  is  president  of  Strauss  Associates,  a  motiva- 
tional consulting  firm. 

Jane  Compton  Mallison  A.M.  '61,  an  English 
instructor  at  Trinity  School  in  New  York  City,  was 
chosen  one  of  35  educators  to  receive  the  National 
Endowment  for  the  Humanities  and  the  DeWitt  Wal- 
lace-Reader's Digest  Fund's  "Teacher-Scholar"  grants 
for  1993.  She  will  be  excused  from  her  teaching  duties 
to  conduct  an  intensive,  independent  research  pro- 
ject, "The  Four  Aeneases:  A  Comparative  Study  of 
Homer's  Iliad,  Virgil's  Aenetd  (Books  Vll-XII),  and 
Translations  by  Pope  and  E)ryden." 

James  L.  Vincent  B.S.M.E.  '61,  chairman  and 
chief  executive  officer  of  Biogen,  Inc.,  in  Cambridge, 
Mass.,  had  a  lecture  hall  named  in  his  honor  at  the 
Duke  engineering  school's  Hudson  Center  for  Engi- 
neering Education. 

Christina  Looper  Baker  M.A.T.  '62,  associate 
professor  of  English  at  the  University  of  Maine 
in  Orono,  earned  her  doctorate  from  The  Union 
Institute. 

Robert  W.  Briggs  '63  was  re-elected  as  president 
of  the  Akron  law  firm  Buckingham,  Doolittle  6k 
Burroughs. 

James  E.  Coane  '63  was  named  president  and 
chief  executive  officer  of  Telebase  Systems,  Inc., 
ranked  by  Inc.  Magazine  in  1990  as  one  of  the  500 
fastest-growing,  privately-held  companies  in  America. 


Cox  '63,  an  attorney  for  the  Tampa 
law  firm  Fowler,  White,  Gillen,  Boggs,  Villareal  and 
Banker,  P.A.,  was  elected  to  the  firm's  board  of 
directors. 

Gary  L.  Maris  A.M.  '64,  Ph.D.  '65,  dean  of  the 
College  of  Arts  and  Sciences  at  Stetson  University, 
was  elected  to  a  four-year  term  on  the  board  of  direc- 
tors of  the  American  Conference  of  Academic  Deans. 


Elaine  Mozar  Kauvar  A.M.  '65  is  the  author  of 
Cynthia  Ozjck's  Fiction:  Tradition  and  Invention,  pub- 
lished in  April  by  Indiana  University  Press.  An  asso- 
ciate professor  of  English  at  Baruch  College,  City 
University  of  New  York,  she  has  published  articles  on 
William  Blake,  Jane  Austen,  James  Joyce,  and  Cyn- 
thia Ozick. 

Ray  Caldwell  Purdom  '65  is  dean  of  Kentucky 
Wesleyan  College.  He  and  his  wife,  Barbara 
Miller  Purdom  '67,  a  communications  consultant, 
live  in  Owensboro,  Ky. 

Bob  L.  Shull  '65,  director  of  the  Scott  and  White 
Memorial  Hospital's  gynecology  division  and  a  profes- 
sor at  Texas  A6kM  University's  medical  school,  was 
elected  to  the  board  of  trustees  of  Scott  and  White 
Memorial  and  the  Scott,  Sherwood  and  Brindley 
Foundation  in  Temple,  Texas. 

Douglas  K.  Bischoff  '66,  former  partner  in  the 
law  firm  Holland  and  Knight,  joined  the  Miami  firm 
Morgan,  Lewis  &  Bockius,  where  he  practices  real 
estate  law. 

Robert  E.  Dowda  B.D.  '66,  Ph.D.  '72,  headmas- 
ter of  Tuscaloosa  Academy,  will  receive  Sigma  Alpha 
Epsilon  fraternity's  Highest  Effort  Award  this  summer 
for  "achievements  distinguishing  him  as  an  outstand- 
ing role  model." 

William  Gross  '66  is  manager  of  Pacific  Invest- 
ment Management  Co.  of  Newport  Beach,  Calif.  He 
lives  in  Laguna  Beach. 


Moriber  Katz  M.D.  '66  was  named 
interim  dean  of  Hahnemann  University's  medical 
school,  where  she  is  a  professor  of  pathology.  She  lives 
in  Gladwynne,  Pa. 

Robert  W.  Jordan  '67,  a  partner  at  the  Dallas 
law  firm  Baker  6k  Botts,  was  re-elected  to  a  two-year 
term  on  the  Dallas  Bar  Association's  board  of  directors. 


'67  is  a  self-employed 
communications  consultant.  She  and  her  husband, 
Ray  Caldwell  Purdom  '65,  a  college  dean,  live 
in  Owensboro,  Ky. 

Peter  J.  Rubin  '67,  a  partner  in  the  Portland, 
Maine,  law  firm  Bernstein,  Shur,  Sawyer  6k  Nelson, 
was  elected  a  fellow  of  the  Maine  Bar  Foundation. 


Lewis  B.  Campbell  B.S.M.E. 

president  and  chief  operating  officer  of  Textron,  was 
appointed  to  the  board  of  directors  of  Citizens  Finan- 
cial Group,  Inc.  He  lives  in  Warren,  R.I. 

David  M.  Lavine  '68  was  inducted  as  president 
of  the  Fort  Worth  Society  of  Plastic  Surgeons  in  Fort 
Worth,  Texas. 

Stuart  M.  Salsbury  '68,  senior  partner  in  the 
Baltimore  law  firm  Israelson,  Salsbury,  Clements  6k 
Bekman,  was  listed  as  one  of  the  top  litigation  attor- 
neys in  the  United  States  in  the  1993-94  edition  of 
The  Best  Lawyers  in  America.  He  was  also  inducted 
into  the  American  Board  of  Trial  Advocates. 

Gary  StubbS  '68,  a  Navy  captain,  is  deployed  in 
the  Mediterranaean  aboard  the  amphibious  assault 
ship  USS  Guam,  whose  home  port  is  Norfolk,  Va. 

Judy  Woodruff  '68,  chief  Washington  correspon- 
dent for  PBS-TV's  MacNeii-Lehrer  NewsHour,  was 
awarded  the  Sacred  Cat  Award  from  the  Milwaukee 
Press  Club  for  "superior  achievement  in  journalism." 
The  award  is  named  for  a  mummified,  glass-enclosed 
cat  that  has  served  as  the  club's  mascot  for  more  than 
80  years.  She  and  her  husband,  Al  Hunt,  and  their 
two  sons  live  in  Washington,  D.C. 

Charles  O'Keefe  Ph.D.  '69,  professor  of  modern 

languages  at  Denison  University,  was  awarded  a 
Robert  C.  Good  Fellowship,  which  will  allow  him  to 
complete  a  book  on  the  narrative  structures  of  Andre 
Gide's  first-person  narratives. 


MARRIAGES:  Ray  Caldwell  Purdom  '65  to 
Barbara  Patterson  Miller  '67  on  Dec.  5.  Resi- 
dence: Owensboro,  Ky. 

BIRTHS:  Second  child  and  daughter  to  C.  David 
White  B.S.M.E.  '68  and  Theresa  Greenwell  White 
on  Nov.  18.  Named  Meredith  McFerrin. 


70s 


L.  Hall  M.  Div.  '70  is  the  author  i 
and  Spirit:  A  Kierkegaardian  Critique  of  the  Modem  Age, 
published  in  March  by  Indiana  University  Press.  He  is 
a  professor  of  philosophy  and  religious  studies  at  Fran- 
cis Marion  University  in  Florence,  S.C. 

Douglas  R.  Jackson  B.S.E.  '70  was  named 
medical  director  of  Hospice  of  Santa  Barbara.  He  and 
his  wife,  Karen,  live  in  Santa  Barbara. 

Douglas  S.  Perry  B.S.E.  '71,  M.B.A.  '73  is  vice 
president  and  general  counsel  of  Constellation  Hold- 
ings. He  and  his  wife,  Catherine,  and  their  daughter 
live  in  Baltimore. 

Peter  T.  Scardino  M.D.  '71  was  named  head  of 
the  new  Matsunaga-Conte  Prostate  Cancer  Research 
Center  at  Houston's  Baylor  College  of  Medicine, 
where  he  chairs  the  urology  department. 

John  Seddelmeyer  '71  was  named  associate 
general  counsel  of  law  department  at  Exxon  Co., 
U.S.A.  He  lives  in  Houston. 

P.J.  Eric  Stallard  '71,  an  associate  research  pro- 
fessor at  Duke's  Center  for  Demographic  Studies,  was 
named  an  associate  of  the  Society  of  Actuaries.  He 
lives  in  Durham. 

Marie  Cannon  Woodward  71  earned  her 
master  of  science  degree  in  December  at  Francis  Mar- 
ion University  in  Florence,  S.C. 

Doris  Hollingsworth-Gray  '72,  a  senior  con- 
tracts manager  for  Motorola's  Government  Electron- 
ics, was  awarded  the  President's  Award  at  the  Black 
Engineer  of  the  Year  Awards  Conference  for  "her 
non-technical  professional  contribution  to  a  high- 
tech  company,  educational  pursuits,  and  community 
service."  She  lives  in  Scottsdale,  Ariz. 

Charles  I.  Bunn  Jr.  '73,  a  C.P.A.  and  certified 
fraud  examiner,  opened  an  accounting  office  in 
Smithfield,  N.C. 

Robert  K.  Johnston  Ph.D.  '74,  provost,  dean  of 
the  seminary,  and  professor  of  theology  and  culture  at 
North  Park  College  Theological  Seminary  in  Chicago, 
was  appointed  provost  and  senior  vice  president  of 
Fuller  Theological  Seminary  in  Pasadena,  Calif. 

Patricia  Birch  Robinson  '74  was  named  vice 
president  of  corporate  strategy  and  planning  at  the 
Mead  Corp.  in  Dayton,  Ohio. 


L.  Asti  '75,  principal  counsel  to  the  Mary- 
land Stadium  Authority  in  Baltimore  and  the  author- 
ity's representative  in  the  negotiations  of  its  30-year 
lease  with  the  Baltimore  Orioles  major  league  baseball 
team,  was  nominated  president-elect  of  Baltimore's 
bar  association.  She  and  her  husband,  Ned,  and  their 
two  children  live  in  Pasadena,  Md. 

Richard  R.  Davidson  B.S.E.  '75,  principal  and 
vice-president  of  Woodward-Clyde  Consultants  in 
Denver,  was  promoted  to  national  practice  manager 
for  soil  mechanics  and  foundation  engineering.  He 
and  his  wife,  Stacie,  and  their  two  sons  live  in  Little- 
ton, Colo. 

Susan  Slenker  Brewer  76  is  a  partner  with 
the  Morgantown,  W.Va.,  law  firm  Steptoe  6k  John- 
son, where  she  specializes  in  litigation.  She  and  her 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


husband,  William,  and  their  tour  children  live  in 
Morgantown. 

Terry  Chili  76,  M.B.A.  '82  was  named  director  of 
marketing  and  affiliate  sales  for  Home  Team  Sports. 
He  lives  in  Indianapolis. 

Jeffrey  Einer  Johnson  '76  was  inducted  as  a 
fellow  of  the  American  Academy  of  Orthopaedic 
Surgeons.  He  lives  in  Milwaukee. 

Nancy  M.  Schlichting  '76,  president  and  chief 
operating  officer  of  Riverside  Methodist  Hospitals, 
was  honored  by  the  Columbus  Jaycees  as  one  of  the 
area's  "Ten  Outstanding  Young  Citizens." 

Stephen  Wise  Unger  M.D.  '76  presented  a  ses- 
sion titled  "Complicated  Laparoscopic  Treatment  of 
Biliary  Tract  Disease"  at  the  American  College  of 
Osteopathic  Surgeons'  annual  meeting  in  Jackson- 
ville, Fla.  He  lives  in  Miami  Beach. 

Maureen  Demarest  Murray  '77  is  a  partner  at 
the  Greensboro  law  office  of  Smith,  Helms,  Mulliss  & 
Moore,  where  she  specializes  in  health  care,  adminis- 
trative, and  general  civil  litigation  law.  She  chairs  the 
state  bar's  N.C.  Disciplinary  Hearing  Commission. 

Eric  H.  Corwin  '78  works  for  Sun  Microsystems, 
Inc.,  in  Colorado  Springs,  Colo.,  and  is  director  of  the 
Rocky  Mountain  Technology  Center.  He  and  his 
wife,  Barbara  Burrus  Corwin  '82,  and  their  son 
live  in  Colorado  Springs. 

Robert  Bearden  '79  was  named  vice  president 
for  finance  at  Roche  Biomedical  Laboratories,  Inc.  in 
Burlington.  He  and  his  wife,  Donna,  live  in 
Gibsonville,  N.C. 


C.  Farquhar  '79  joined  the  Cellular 
Telecommunications  Industry  Association  as  its  first 
vice  president  for  law  and  regulatory  policy.  She  was 
senior  legal  adviser  to  FCC  Commissioner  Ervin  S. 
Duggan.  She  and  her  husband,  Will,  and  their  two 
children  live  in  Bethesda,  Md.  She  is  a  member  of  the 
Duke  Alumni  As-nc  union's  board  of  dii 


Jayleen  Powell  Hague  '79  is  a  vice  president 
and  manager  in  the  corporate  banking  department  of 
The  Boatmen's  National  Bank  of  St.  Louis.  Her  hus- 
band, Lynn,  is  a  violist  in  the  St.  Louis  Symphony 
Orchestra. 


G.  Kaelin  Jr.  '79,  M.D.  '83,  an  employee 
of  Dana-Farber  Cancer  Institute's  medical  oncology 
division,  was  awarded  a  three-year,  $412,000  fellow- 
ship for  cancer  research  from  the  James  S.  McDonnell 
Foundation  of  St.  Louis.  He  lives  in  Boston. 

Sam  Lapine  '79,  a  partner  in  the  High  Point  law 
firm  Keziah,  Gates  &  Samet,  writes  that  Sam,  his 
black  Lab,  well  known  on  campus,  died  in  January; 
he  was  sixteen.  Lapine,  who  earned  his  law  degree  at 
Washington  and  Lee,  and  his  wife,  Sue,  live  in  High 
Point,  N.C. 

David  P.  Lazar  '79  was  named  a  managing  direc- 
tor of  Berwind  Financial  Group,  Inc.  He  and  his  wife, 
Karen  Bowers  Lazar  '78,  and  their  two  chil- 
dren live  in  Chadds  Ford,  Pa. 

Elizabeth  Franklin  Sechrest  BSE.  '79  is  a 
partner  in  the  investment  banking  firm  James  D. 
Wolfensohn  Inc.  She  and  her  husband,  Jeffrey,  and 
their  daughter  live  in  New  York  City. 

David  H.  Williams  '79  is  a  staff  attorney  at  New 
Orleans  Legal  Assistance  Corp.  He  and  his  wife,  Lau- 
rie, and  their  daughter  live  in  New  Orleans. 

John  York  M.A.T.  '79,  an  English  teacher  at 
McMichael  High  School  in  Mayodan,  N.C,  was 
named  one  of  35  educators  to  receive  the  National 
Endowment  fot  the  Humanities  and  the  DeWitt  Wal- 
lace-Reader's Digest  Fund's  "Teacher-Scholar"  grants 


SOAP  STAR 


Sarah  Malin  '89 
hopes  to  follow 
in  the  footsteps 
of  Demi  Moore,  Luke 
Perry,  and  Meg  Ryan. 
All  are  well-known 
actors  who  got  their 
start  in  soap  operas,  the 
steamy  afternoon  dra- 
mas rife  with  romance, 
infidelity,  and  timeless 
moral  lessons.  Malin  is 
doing  double-duty, 
starring  as  Petra  on  All 
Mji  Children  and 
Stephanie  Preston  on 
Another  World. 

"The  soaps  are  a 
good  place  to  train  as 
an  actor,  because  you 
have  to  memorize  a  lot 
of  lines  in  a  short 
amount  of  time,"  says 
Malin.  "But  it  can  be 
frustrating,  too.  You 
have  to  accept  the  fact 
that  you're  not  doing  a 
Mamet  play.  [Soap 
opera]  writing  has  to 
do  with  moving  rela- 
tionships along,  not 
with  the  grammatical 
quality  of  the  words." 

A  member  of  the 
Screen  Actors  Guild 
since  her  sophomore 
year  in  high  school, 
Malin  pursued  an  acting 
career  on  her  own — 
"My  parents  were  the 
reverse  of  stage  par- 
ents," she  says — com- 
muting into  New  York 
City  to  audition  for 
jobs.  Among  her  com- 
mercial credits  are 
Fayva  shoes,  Levis  501 
jeans,  Blistex,  Citibank, 
Sears  Hardware,  Win- 
dex,  and  Pampers. 


"Commercials  are 
the  meat-and-potatoes 
of  the  acting  business," 
says  Malin.  "You 
might  spend  one  day 
shooting  one,  but  you 
get  paid  every  time  it 
runs.  You  can  pay 
your  rent  for  a  year  off 
one  commercial." 

An  English  major  at 
Duke,  Malin  says  she 
didn't  study  drama  as 
an  undergraduate  be- 
cause, in  order  to  take 
advanced  acting  tech- 
nique classes,  she 
would  have  had  to  sign 
up  for  the  prerequisite 
beginner  courses 
required  at  the  time. 
"I'd  already  done  com- 
mercials," she  says.  "I 
knew  the  basics." 

After  graduation, 
Malin  was  on  the  verge 
of  accepting  a  job  offer 
to  work  as  an  account 
manager  when,  she 
says,  "I  decided  1 
wasn't  ready  to  give  up 
my  dream"  of  acting 
professionally.  She  re- 
activated her  lapsed 
union  membership, 
called  her  former  agent, 
and  started  pounding 
the  pavement,  public- 
ity photos  in  hand.  A 
short  time  later,  she  was 
flown  to  Los  Angeles 
for  a  screen  test  for 
Days  Of  Our  Lines. 
Although  she  didn't  get 
the  part,  Malin  says 
just  being  selected  was 
"a  real  confidence 
booster.  It  confirmed 
to  me  that  I  was  doing 
the  right  thing." 


soaps  as  good  training  for  future  roles 


Not  surprisingly, 
Malin  doesn't  want  to 
stay  in  soaps  for  the 
rest  of  her  life.  For 
now,  she'd  like  to 
make  the  move  from 
"day  player,"  which 
means  her  character 
could  be  written  out  of 
the  script  at  any  point, 
to  a  "contract  player," 
which  would  guaran- 
tee that  her  role  would 
last  for  three  years.  She 
says  she  expects  that 
this  training  will  segue 
into  other  television 


and  film  roles. 

"Right  now,  I  have 
zero  guarantee  that  my 
[soap]  characters  will 
be  around  next  month," 
says  Malin.  "But  if  I 
were  a  contract  player 
and  Steven  Spielberg 
called  to  offer  me  a  role 
in  one  of  his  films,  I 
would  have  to  say  'no.' 
As  it  is,  I'm  in  a  good 
position  for  whatever 
happens." 


for  1993.  He  will  be  excused  from  teaching  duties  to 
conduct  an  intensive,  independent  research  project, 
"Contemporary  Poetry  of  North  Carolina." 

MARRIAGES:  Jayleen  R.  Powell  '79  to  Lynn 

Hague.  Residence:  St.  Louis... John  A.  Wallace 
Jr.  '79  to  Kaye  Jones  on  Oct.  24.  Residence: 
Charleston,  S.C. 

BIRTHS:  First  child  and  daughter  to  Douglas  S. 
Perry  B.S.E.  '71,  M.B.A.  '73  and  Catherine  J.  Boyne 
on  Nov.  28.  Named  Margaret  Elizabeth. .  .Second 
child  and  first  son  to  Robin  Rubinstein  Ratliff 
'75  and  W.  Mitchell  Ratliff  76  on  Feb.  9.  Named 
Marshall  Messer. .  .Fourth  child  and  second  son  to 
Susan  Slenker  Brewer  76  and  William 
Brewer  on  Dec.  1 7.  Named  Christopher  Clayton. . . 

Second  child  and  daughter  to  Robert  I.  David- 
son 76  and  Laura  S.  Davidson  on  Jan.  28.  Named 
Sarah  Ellen. .  .First  child  and  son  to  Todd  A. 
Atwood  77  and  Carol  Atwood  on  Nov.  24.  Named 
Samuel  Alden... Third  child  and  second  daughter  to 
Maureen  Demarest  Murray  77  and  Douglas 
C.  Murray  on  Oct.  6.  Named  Meredith  Agnes... Sec- 


ond child  and  first  daughter  to  Karen  Morgan 
Rohrer  77  and  James  Rohrer  on  July  7,  1991. 
Named  Rebecca  Morgan... First  child  and  son  to 
Eric  H.  Corwin  78  and  Barbara  Burrus 
Corwin  '82  on  Jan.  1 1 .  Named  Nathan  Howard. . . 
Third  child  and  second  daughter  to  William  A. 
DeLacey  78  and  Virginia  Sasser  DeLacey 
79  on  Jan.  17.  Named  Patricia  McCoy... Second 
child  and  first  daughter  to  Jill  Moore  Mayo 
B.S.N.  78  and  C.  Vaughn  Mayo  on  Nov.  5.  Named 
Katherine  Jill... Second  child  and  first  daughter  to 
Erin  Fitzgerald  Nelson  79  and  Carl  W. 
Nelson  '80  on  Feb.  10.  Named  Caroline 
Elizabeth. ..Daughter  to  David  H.  Williams  79 
and  Laurie  Peller  on  Feb.  26.  Named  Jordana  Cathryn. 


80s 


Larry  Forman  M.B.A.  '80  is  vice  president  of  IQ 
Software  Corp.  He  lives  in  Atlanta. 


May-June    1993 


G.  Halpem  '80  is  a  partner  in  the  Dallas 
law  firm  Strasburger  &  Price,  L.L.P.,  where  he  special- 
ional  trade  law. 


Carl  W.  Nelson  '80  was  named  a  principal  in  the 
Franklin,  N.J.,  law  firm  Koch,  Nelson  &  Koch,  where 
he  concentrates  in  real  estate,  land  use,  municipal, 
and  general  civil  law.  He  and  his  wife,  Erin 
Fitzgerald  Nelson  79,  and  their  two  children 
live  in  Sparta,  N.J. 

Joe  Szewczak  B.S.E.  '80,  who  earned  a  Ph.D.  in 
physiology  from  Brown  University  in  1990,  is  an  assis- 
tant professor  at  Deep  Springs  College  and  a  fellow  of 
the  University  of  California  White  Mountain 
Research  Station.  His  National  Science  Foundation- 
sponsored  research  explores  mammalian  metabolic 
extremes  in  bats.  He  and  his  wife,  Susan,  and  their 
two  sons  live  on  the  Deep  Springs  ranch. 

Bryan  Tenney  '80  is  an  associate  with  A.G. 
Edwards  and  Sons,  Inc.,  an  investment  firm  in  Buf- 
falo, N.Y.  He  and  his  wife,  Sheila,  and  their  son  live 
in  Buffalo. 

Laurie  Griggs  Williams  B.S.N.  '80  represented 
Duke  in  May  at  the  inauguration  of  the  president  of 
Albright  College  in  Reading,  Pa. 

Kenneth  N.  Jones  '81  is  a  partner  in  the  Dallas 
law  firm  Strasburger  6k  Price  L.L.P.,  where  he  prac- 
tices real  estate  and  corporate  law. 

Mark  S.  Litwin  '81,  who  earned  his  M.D.  from 
Emory  University,  his  M.P.H.  from  UCLA,  and  com- 
pleted his  residency  in  urological  surgery  at  Harvard 
Medical  School,  is  an  assistant  professor  of  surgery/ 
urology  and  public  health  at  UCLA.  His  is  the  only 
such  joint  faculty  appointment  in  the  United  States. 
He  and  his  life  partner,  Adam  Shulman,  live  in  Santa 
Monica,  Calif. 

James  A.  Schiff  '81,  who  teaches  English  at  the 
University  of  Cincinnati,  is  the  author  of  Updike's 
Version,  the  first  full-length  critical  analysis  of  John 
Updike's  "Scarlet  Letter"  trilogy. 

Jeffrey  Vinik  B.S.C.E.  '81  is  manager  at  Fidelity 
Magellan,  the  nation's  largest  equity  mutual  fund.  He 
lives  in  Weston,  Mass. 


Henry  Griffith  Brinton  '82,  a  minister  at  Cal- 
vary Presbyterian  Church  in  Alexandria,  Va.,  chairs 
the  National  Capital  Presbytery's  Committee  on 
Preparation  for  Ministry-.  He  and  his  wife,  Nancy,  and 
their  two  children  live  in  Lorton,  Va. 

M.  Glenn  Curran  III  '82  is  a  partner  in  the  Fort 
Lauderdale  law  firm  Heinrich  Gordon  Batchelder 
Hargrove  &  Weihe,  where  he  specializes  in  commer- 
cial litigation  and  health-care  law.  In  1991,  he  was 
ordained  as  an  elder  in  the  Presbyterian  Church.  He 
and  his  wife,  Sandi,  and  their  two  children  live  in 
Wilton  Manors,  Fla. 


N.  Lester  B.S.E.  '82  is  a  partner  in  the 
Washington,  D.C,  firm  Cushman  Darby  6k  Cushman. 

Robert  Chamberlaine  Nevins  '82,  MBA. 
'91  is  a  networking  consultant  in  IBM's  Networking 
Support  Center  in  Cary,  N.C.  He  and  his  wife, 
Sharon  Pardy  Nevins  '82,  and  their  two  chil- 
dren live  in  Raleigh. 

Beth  Barnett  Anderson  '83,  who  recently 
received  her  M.Ed,  from  the  University  of  Minnesota, 
is  a  chemistry  teacher  in  Minneapolis.  She  and 
her  husband,  Neil,  and  their  two  daughters  live  in 
Eagan,  Minn. 

Marc  H.  Berman  '83  is  a  financial  analyst  with 
Speer  Financial,  Inc.,  a  Chicago-based,  independent, 
public-finance  consulting  firm. 

Northrop  Davis  '83  sold  his  first  feature  script, 
"Cyber  Ship,"  to  Warner  Bros.,  and  is  writing  a  pro- 
ject with  producer  Arnold  Kopelson  of  Platoon. 


David  Leonard  Downie  '83  is  conducting  dis- 
sertation research  on  the  creation  and  expansion  of 
international  environmental  treaties  under  a  grant 
from  the  Institute  for  the  Study  of  World  Politics.  He 
and  his  wife,  Laura  M.  Whitman  '85,  live  in  New 
Haven,  Conn. 

John  Lindsay  Marshall  '83,  who  is  finishing 
his  fellowship  in  medical  oncology  at  the  Lombardi 
Cancer  Center  at  Georgetown  University,  in  July  will 
become  a  clinical  instructor  in  medical  oncology  at 
Lombardi,  where  he  will  specialize  in  gastrointestinal 
malignancies.  He  and  his  wife,  Elizabeth 
Alexander  Marshall  '84,  and  their  son  live  in 
Arlington,  Va. 

Patrick  Timothy  Navin  J.D.  '83  was  named  a 
partner  in  the  Chicago  office  of  Baker  &  McKenzie  in 
July.  He  is  a  tax  attorney  specializing  in  international 
and  domestic  employee  benefits  and  executive  com- 
pensation. 


'83  is  a  partner  in  the  Birm- 
ingham, Ala.,  law  firm  Boyd,  Fernambucq  &  Nichols, 
P.C.,  where  he  specializes  in  family  law.  He  is  the 
immediate  past  chair  of  the  family  law  section  of  the 
Alabama  state  bar. 

Thomas  W.  Peterson  '83,  J.D.  '86  was  named  a 
partner  in  the  Indianapolis  firm  Ice  Miller  Donadio  6k 
Ryan,  where  he  concentrates  in  municipal  finance  law. 

Kathleen  Tenney  Willis  83  is  an  associate  with 
the  Buffalo  law  offices  of  Eugene  C.  Tenney.  She  and 
her  husband,  David,  and  their  son  live  in  Snyder,  N.Y. 

Kathryn  Woodbury  Zeno  '83,  MBA.  '86  is 
senior  product  manager  with  Kraft  General  Foods. 
Her  husband.  Randy  R.  Zeno  '83,  M.B.A.  '87,  is 
senior  product  manager  with  Nabisco  Foods  Group. 
They  have  a  daughter  and  live  in  Ridgewood,  N.J. 

Valerie  Stallings  Arias  '84  is  a  software  engi- 
neer for  Digital  Communications  Associates,  Inc.  She 
and  her  husband,  David,  and  their  two  children  live 
in  San  Ramon,  Calif. 

Kirsten  Denney  '84  is  working  in  Juarez,  Mexico, 
as  a  technical  adviser.  She  spent  last  year  in  Little 
Rock,  Ark.,  and  Washington  as  part  of  President 
Clinton's  campaign. 

David  B.  Manser  '84,  a  Navy  lieutenant  serving 
with  Commander,  Carrier  Group-Two,  Norfolk,  Va., 
is  aboard  the  aircraft  carrier  USSJohn  F.  Kennedy  on 
a  six-month  deployment  to  the  Mediterranean  and 
Red  seas. 

Elizabeth  Alexander  Marshall  '84  is  an  asso- 
ciate at  the  Washington  D.C,  law  firm  Hopkins  6k 
Sutter,  where  she  practices  communications  law.  She 

and  her  husband,  John  Lindsay  Marshall  '83, 

and  their  son  live  in  Arlington,  Va. 

Marc  W.  Taubenfeld  '84  is  a  shareholder  in  the 
Dallas  law  firm  Hale,  Spencer,  Pronske  6k  Trust,  P.C., 
where  he  specializes  in  bankruptcy,  secured  creditors' 
rights,  workouts,  and  commercial  litigation. 

Edward  R.  Walker  M.Div.  '84  represented  Duke 
in  April  at  the  inauguration  of  the  president  of  the 
Presbyterian  School  of  Christian  Education. 

Scott  Wallace  '84  was  named  president  of 
Eichrom  Industries,  Inc.,  a  developer  and  manufac- 
turer of  novel  ion  exchange  resins  and  laboratory 
research  materials,  in  Darien,  111.  He  is  a  1988  gradu- 
ate of  the  University  of  Chicago  Law  School  and 
Graduate  School  of  Business. 


L.  Wals worth  Jr.  '84  is  a  physicist  at 
the  Smithsonian  Center  for  Astrophysics/Harvard 
College  Observatory.  His  wife,  Elisabeth  "Lisa" 
Burdick  '85,  is  a  research  statistician,  and  they  live 
in  Cambridge,  Mass. 


Chris  Bauder  '85  was  promoted  to  senior  product 
manager  for  cold  products  marketing  for  Schering- 
Plough  HealthCare  Products.  He  lives  in  Chatham,  N.J. 

Jeffrey  C.  Brackett  '85,  M.D.  '89  completed 
his  residency  in  internal  medicine  at  the  University 
of  Maryland-Baltimore  and  is  a  cardiology  fellow  at 
Barnes  Hospital.  He  and  his  wife,  attorney  I 
R.  Arichea  '86,  J.D.  '90,  and  their  son  live  in 
St.  Louis. 


'Lisa"  Burdick  '85  works  with  a 
medical  research  team  as  a  statistician  at  the  Harvard 
School  of  Public  Health.  She  and  her  husband,  physi- 
cist Ronald  L.  Walsworth  Jr.  '84,  live  in  Cam- 
bridge, Mass. 

Anna  Jenefsky  '85,  who  earned  her  master's  from 
the  University  of  London  in  1986  and  her  J.D.  from 
the  University  of  Maryland  in  1992,  is  director  of  the 
Alliance  for  the  Mentally  111  Children  and  Adoles- 
cent Network  of  Montgomery  County,  Md.  She  and 
her  husband,  Wynn,  live  in  Washington,  D.C. 

Michael  A.  Korman  B.S.E.  '85,  a  Marine  cap- 
tain, completed  a  five-year  tour  in  Kaneohe,  Hawaii. 
He  is  now  a  Marine  officer  instructor  at  the  NROTC 
unit  for  the  University  of  San  Diego  and  San  Diego 
State  University.  He  earned  his  M.S.  in  health  ser- 
vices administration  from  Central  Michigan  Univer- 
sity in  1992.  He  and  his  wife,  Elizabeth,  and  their  two 
children  live  in  San  Diego. 


C.  Libby  '85,  who  earned  his  Ph.D.  in 
chemistry  at  Perm  State  University,  accepted  a  post- 
doctoral fellowship  at  Eppley  Cancer  Institute  of  the 
University  of  Nebraska. 


'85  is  marketing 
product  manager,  sales,  for  Digital  Equipment  Corp. 
in  Brussels,  Belgium.  She  and  her  husband,  Henri, 
and  their  son  live  in  Ghent. 

John  K.  Norbeck  B.S.M.E.  '85,  who  earned  the 
Distinguished  Flying  Cross  for  heroism  while  serving 
in  the  Air  Force  during  Operation  Desert  Storm,  is 
now  a  pilot  for  American  Airlines.  He  and  his  wife, 
Tara,  live  in  Dallas. 

Jonathan  E.  Perlman  '85  is  a  partner  in  the 
Miami,  Fla.,  law  firm  Schulte  Blum  McMahon  6k 
Joblove,  where  he  concentrates  in  commercial  litiga- 
tion and  securities  arbitration. 

Charles  Pezeshki  M.S.  '85,  Ph.D.  '87  received 
the  award  for  Faculty  Excellence  in  Teaching  at 
Washington  State  University,  where  he  specializes 
in  chaos  and  non-linear  dynamics  in  mechanical 
engineering. 

Randy  S.  Schiff  M.B.A.  '85  is  director  of  OEM 

Services  at  IQ  Software  Corp.  in  Atlanta. 


P< 


M.  Whitman  '85,  who  earned  her  M.D 
Case  Western  Reserve  University,  is  a  physic 
cializing  in  general  internal  medicine  at  Yale-New 
Haven  Hospital.  She  and  her  husband,  David 
Leonard  Downie  '83,  live  in  New  Haven. 


Miriam  R.  Arichea  '86,  J.D.  '90  resigned  from 
the  Washington,  D.C,  law  firm  Miller  6k  Chevalier 
and  joined  the  St.  Louis  office  of  Bryan  Cave.  She 
and  her  husband,  Jeffrey  C.  Brackett  '85,  M.D. 
'89,  and  their  son  live  in  St.  Louis. 

Anthony  S.  Corbett  '86,  who  earned  his  law 
degree  from  the  University  of  Texas'  law  school  in 
1989,  works  in  the  Austin,  Texas,  office  of  Hutcheson 
6k  Grundy,  L.L.P.,  as  an  associate  in  its  environmen- 
tal section. 

Kenneth  Michael  Harper  '86  is  commercial 
banking  manager  of  First  Union  for  Hilton  Head. 

i  his  wife,  has  a  pri- 


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vate  practice  in  clinical  psychology.  They  live  in 
Hilton  Head,  S.C. 

James  W.  Koch  '86  is  an  associate  with  the 
Washington,  D.C.,  law  firm  Winston  &  Strawn, 
where  he  concentrates  in  energy  and  regulatory  law. 

Chris  Obrion  '86,  who  was  staff  cartoonist  for 
the  Potomac  News,  is  now  working  for  the  Free-lance 
Star  in  Fredericksburg,  Va.  He  and  his  wife,  Cather- 
ine, and  their  infant  daughter  Carrington  live  in 
Fredericksburg. 

Hannah  Stewart-Gambino  Ph.D.  '86,  assis- 
tant professor  of  government  at  Lehigh  University,  is 
the  author  of  The  Church  and  Politics  in  the  Chilean 
Countryside,  published  by  Westview  Press.  She  is  also 
co-editor  of  Conflict  and  Competition:  The  Latin  Ameri- 
can Church  in  a  Changing  Environment,  published  by 
Lynne  Rienner  Publishers.  She  and  her  husband, 
Jack,  and  their  two  daughters  live  in  Bethlehem,  Pa. 

Ulysses  J.  Balis  '87,  who  earned  his  M.D.  from 
the  University  of  South  Florida  in  1991,  is  finishing 
his  residency  in  pathology  in  Salt  Lake  City.  He  and 
his  wife,  Jennifer,  live  in  Salt  Lake  City. 

Jason  J.R.  Choi  '87,  a  Smithtown,  N.Y.,  attor- 
ney, received  an  award  of  special  recognition  from 
the  Suffolk  County  Bar  Pro  Bono  Foundation  for 
"distinguish[ing]  himself  by  volunteering  for  one  year 
in  the  civil  unit  of  Nassau  Suffolk  Law  Services  Com- 
mittee, Inc." 

Patrick  J.  Ennis  '87,  who  graduated  from  Wash- 
ington University's  law  school  in  1992,  is  an  associate 
at  the  Bloomfield  Hills,  Mich.,  law  firm  Colombo  & 
Colombo,  P.C. 

Tracey  S.  Ging  '87,  who  earned  her  law  degree 
from  UCLA's  law  school  in  1991,  is  an  associate  at 
the  Philadelphia  firm  Drinker  Biddle  &  Reath  in  its 
litigation  group.  She  lives  in  Kennett  Square,  Pa. 

John  Herbert  '87,  M.B.A.  '89  is  financial  coordi- 
nator for  Exxon's  distributor  business  in  the  United 
States. 

Mark  Messura  A.M.  '87,  an  employee  of  the 
Rural  Economic  Development  Center,  received  the 
N.C.  Department  of  Agriculture's  Ambassador  of 
Agriculture  Award. 

Leslie  Frances  Spasser  '87,  who  earned  her 
law  degree  from  New  York  University's  law  school  in 
1990,  is  an  associate  at  the  New  York  office  of 
McDermott,  Will  6k  Emery. 

Diane  Elaine  Wilson  Spencer  '87  is  an 

administrative  and  financial  analyst  in  the  U.S.  Cen- 
ters for  Disease  Control's  international  health  pro- 
gram office.  Her  expertise  is  public  health  in  the 
newly  independent  states  of  the  former  Soviet  Union. 
Her  husband,  Quentin  Reynolds  Spencer  '87, 
is  a  computer  software  engineer  wirh  Lotus  Develop- 
ment Corp.  He  is  writing  a  version  of  Ami  Pro  for  the 
Macintosh  computer.  They  live  in  Atlanta. 

Lisa  J.  Hill  '88,  who  earned  her  M.B.A.  from 
Stanford  University's  business  school  in  June  1992, 
works  for  American  Management  Systems  in  Red- 
wood City,  Calif.  She  and  her  husband,  Hunter,  live 
in  San  Francisco. 


who  earned  his  la-  </  degree 
from  Villanova  University's  law  school,  is  a 
at  the  Philadelphia  law  firm  Drinker  Biddle  &  Reath 
in  its  litigation  group.  He  lives  in  Center  City,  Pa. 

John-Lindell  Pfeffer  '88,  who  earned  his 
M.B.A.  at  Northwestern's  Kellogg  Graduate  School 
of  Management  in  1991,  is  working  at  McKinsey  & 
Co.,  Inc.,  in  Brussels,  Belgium. 

Hancy  Block  Whitesides  '88  earned  her  M.S. 
from  Georgia  State  University  in  rehabilitation  coun- 


seling. She  and  her  husband,  Lee,  live  in  Kew  Gar- 
dens, N.Y. 

Charles  J.  Mullett  B.S.E.  '89  graduated  from 
West  Virginia  University's  medical  school  in  May 
and  began  his  tesidency  in  pediatrics  at  Vanderbilt  in 
June.  He  and  his  wife,  E.  Lee  Stephens  '89,  live 
in  Nashville,  Term. 

Timothy  G.  Werner  '89,  who  graduated  from 
Vanderbilt  University's  law  school  in  1992,  is  an 
associate  with  the  Atlanta  law  firm  Alston  &.  Bird. 


Christopher  R.  Williamson  '89,  a  Navy  lieu- 
tenant j.g.,  is  in  the  Persian  Gulf  aboard  the  guided 
missile  frigate  USS  Samuel  B.  Roberts,  whose  home 
port  is  Newport  R.I. 

MARRIAGES:  Linda  D.  Alexander  '80  to 

Gilbert  Culverson  Jr.  on  Aug.  28.  Residence: 
Atlanta. ..Elaine  Gansz  '80  to  MelvinLeland 
Bobo  II  on  Nov.  14.  Residence:  Alexandria,  Va.. . . 
Bryan  Tenney  '80  to  Sheila  Higgins  on  Sept.  29, 
1990.  Residence:  Buffalo... Beth  Barnett  '83  to 
Neil  Oliver  Anderson  on  Feb.  14,  1992.  Residence: 
Eagan,  Minn.. ..Kathleen  Tenney  '83  to  David 
N.  Willis  on  June  16,  1990.  Residence:  Snyder, 
NY... Ronald  L.  Walsworth  Jr.  '84  to  Elisa- 
beth "Lisa"  Burdick  '85  on  Sept.  7,  1991.  Resi- 
dence: Cambridge,  Mass.... Anna  Jenefsky  '85  to 
Wynn  Segall  on  Sept.  6.  Residence:  Washington, 
P.C...  Ulysses  J.  Balis  '87  to  Jennifer  Ann 
Wyckoff  on  May  30,  1992.  Residence:  Salt  Lake 
City. .  Debbie  J.  Snyder  '87  to  Giorgio  Kulp  on 
Dec.  19.  Residence:  Arlington,  Va.... Diane 

Elaine  Wilson  '87  to  Quentin  Reynolds 

Spencer  '87  on  May  23,  1992.  Residence: 
Atlanta... Lisa  J.  Hill  '88  to  D.  Hunter  Smith  in 
July.  Residence:  San  Francisco... Nancy  Block  '88 
to  Lee  McLean  Whitesides  on  April  4.  Residence: 
Kew  Gardens,  NY...  Jacqueline  G.  Miller  '88 
to  David  Alexander  Beckett  '90  on  Aug.  16. 
Residence:  Denver... Elizabeth  A.  Draper  '89  to 
Steven  I.  Wilkinson  A.M.  '89  on  Oct.  3.  Resi- 
dence: Cambridge,  Mass.... Pamela  Foster  '89  to 
Stephen  Crystal  on  Aug.  16.  Residence:  Kansas  City, 
Mo.  ..Charles  J.  Mullett  BSE.  89  to  E.  Lee 
Stephens  '89  on  Nov.  28,  1992.  Residence: 
Nashville,  Tenn. 

BIRTHS:  Second  child  and  second  daughter  to 
John  G.  Holland  B.S.E.  '80  and  Laura  Holland 
on  Sept.  19.  Named  Sarah  Elise...A  daughter  to 
Carolyn  McTier  Maken  '80  and  Paul  K.  Maken 
on  Sept.  15.  Named  Katherine  Gertrude  "Trudie"... 
Second  child  and  first  daughter  to  Carl  W.  Nelson 
'80  and  Erin  Fitzgerald  Nelson  '79  on  Feb.  10. 
Named  Caroline  Elizabeth. .  .Third  child  and  second 
son  to  Rhonda  Stewart  Poore  '80  and  George 
Pooreonjan.  25.  Named  Christopher  William... Son 
to  Bryan  Tenney  '80  and  Sheila  Higgins  on 
Jan.  22. ..Second  child  and  first  son  to  Jacquelyn 
Still  Romanoff  B.S.N.  '81  and  Stuart  I.  Romanoff 
on  Oct.  16.  Named  Brandon  Matthew... Second  child 
and  first  daughter  to  Elizabeth  Tredwell 
Tessler  '81  and  Dana  Tessler  on  Jan.  16.  Named 
Carolina  Elizabeth. .  .Second  child  and  son  to  Henry 
Griffith  Brinton  '82  and  Nancy  Freebome 
Brinton  on  Sept.  2.  Named  Samuel  Freebome... First 

child  and  son  to  Barbara  "Bonnie"  Burrus 
Corwin  '82  and  Eric  H.  Corwin  '78  on  Jan.  11. 
Named  Nathan  Howard. .  .Second  child  and  first  son 
to  Sharon  Pardy  Nevins  '82  and  Robert 

Chamberlaine  Nevins  '82,  M.B.A.  '91  on 
Oct.  27.  Named  Robert  Pardy. .  .Second  daughter  to 
Beth  Barnett  Anderson  '83  and  Neil  Oliver 
Anderson  on  Jan.  25.  Named  Lauren  Michelle. .  .First 

child  and  son  to  John  Lindsay  Marshall  '83 
and  Elizabeth  Alexander  Marshall  '84. 

Named  Charles  Alexander. .  .First  child  and  son  to 
Jane  Harris  Pate  '83,  M.B.A.  '86  and  Prayson 

Pate  B.S.E.  '84  on  Jan.  2 1 .  Named  Harrison  Will. . . 


Son  to  Kathleen  Tenney  Willis  '83  and  David 
N.  Willis  on  May  5.  Named  Bryan  Norris...  Twin 
daughters  to  Richard  H.  Winters  '83,  J.D.  '86 
and  Margaret  Mohr  Winters  on  June  19, 1992. 
Named  Elizabeth  and  Mary. . .  First  child  and  daugh- 
ter to  Kathryn  Woodbury  Zeno  '83,  M.B.A. 
'86  and  Randy  Zeno  '83,  M.B.A.  '87  on  Dec.  11. 
Named  Erica  Elizabeth. ..First  child  and  daughter  to 
Lynn  Spillman  Dinkins  '84  and  Jim  Dinkins  on 
Jan.  23.  Named  Kaitlyn  Grace... Second  daughter  to 
Nancy  LaParo  '84  and  Aaron  Watters  on  Jan.  23. 
Named  Jaclyn... First  child  and  son  to  Elizabeth 
Alexander  Marshall  '84  and  John  Lindsay 
Marshall  '83.  Named  Charles  Alexander... First 
child  and  daughter  to  Shep  Moyle  '84  and  Wendy 
Moyle  on  Aug.  22.  Named  Madison  Walker... Second 
child  and  daughter  to  Brian  T.  Murray  M.S.E.E. 
'84  and  Alison  M.  Murray  on  Feb.  7.  Named  Alyssa 
Brynn...  First  child  and  son  to  Prayson  Pate 
B.S.E.  '84  and  Jane  Harris  Pate  '83,  M.B.A.  '86 
on  Jan.  21.  Named  Harrison  Will. ..Second  child  and 
first  son  to  Valerie  Stallings  Arias  '84  and 
David  A.  Arias.  Named  Jason  Anthony. .  .Second 
child  and  second  son  to  Susan  G  win  Ruch  '84, 
J.D.  '87  and  David  Simms  Ruch  '84  on  June  19, 
1992.  Named  John  Charles. .  .First  child  and  daughter 
to  Jennifer  Greenwald  Sauers  B.S.N.  '84 
and  Leonard  Sauers  on  Jan.  1.  Named  Kathryn 
Rose... Third  child  and  first  son  to  Mary  Ann 
Petkiewicz  Wilmarth  M.S./A.H.C.  84  and 
Roger  Wilmarth  on  Dec.  26.  Named  Zachary 
Patrick. .  .Third  child  and  second  daughter  to 
Blandy  Fisher  Costello  '85  and  Edward  R. 
Costello  on  Feb.  2.  Named  Mary  Ellen. .  .First  child 
and  son  to  Jennifer  Copeland  Cox  '85,  M.Div. 
'88  and  Christopher  Cox  M.Div.  '87,  A.H.C.  '88 
on  Dec.  3 1 .  Named  Nathan  Christopher. .  .First  child 
and  daughter  to  Biddle  Duke  '85,  A.H.C.  '88  and 
Idoline  Scheerer  on  Jan.  12.  Named  Eleanor  Chan- 
dler. .  .Second  child  and  first  daughter  to  Michael 
A.  Korman  B.S.E.  '85  and  Ruth  Elizabeth  Korman 
on  March  24,  1992.  Named TatianaKauikekai... First 
child  and  son  to  James  Harvey  McCants  '85 
and  Cathleen  McMullen  McCants  on  Oct.  19.  Named 
Mark  Joseph... First  child  and  son  to  Isabelle 
DeMilde  Merlin  '85  and  Henri  Merlin  on  Jan.  19. 
Named  Jonathan. .  .Daughter  to  Jeffrey  S.  Spear 
B.S.E.  '85  and  Kyoko  S.  Spear  on  Feb.  5.  Named  Erica 
Mari... First  child  and  son  to  Miriam  R.  Arichea 
'86,  J.D.  '90  and  Jeffrey  C.  Brackett  '85,  M.D. 
'89  on  Nov.  9.  Named  Joshua  Thomas  Arichea. .  .First 
child  and  son  to  Renuka  Ramaiah  Harper  '86 
and  Kenneth  Michael  Harper  '86  on  March  10. 
Named  Kenneth  Michael  Jr..  ..First  child  and  daugh- 
ter to  Chris  Obrion  '86  and  Catherine  Obrion  on 
March  1 .  Named  Carrington. . .  First  child  and  son  to 
Christopher  Cox  M.Div.  '87,  A.H.C.  '88  and 
Jennifer  Copeland  Cox  '85,  M.Div.  '88  on 
Dec.  31.  Named  Nathan  Christopher... Second  child 
and  first  son  to  Aida  Lebbos  D'Aquila  '88  and 
Ronald  L.  D'Aquila  on  Dec.  15.  Named  Cameron 
Lee... First  child  and  son  to  Heather  Smith 
Hemric  '88  and  Chuck  Hemric  on  June  26,  1992. 
Named  Benjamin  Andrew. .  .First  child  and  son  to 
Dana  Nowicki  Wiener  M.D.  '89  and  M.  David 
Wiener  on  Dec.  6.  Named  Zachary  Samuel. 


90s 


Michael  T.  Galgon  '90  graduated  from  Navy 
Dive  School  in  August  1991  and  now  serves  aboard 
the  minesweeper  USS  Implicit  in  Seattle,  Wash. 

Judith  A.  Galvin  M.B.A.  '90,  who  was  promoted 
to  vice  president  of  The  Chase  Manhattan  Bank, 
works  in  its  regional  bank  mergers  and  acquistions 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


group.  She  also  teaches  in  the  Junior  Achievement 
Program  as  a  volunteer  in  New  York  City. 

John  W.  Heinecke  '90,  a  Navy  lieutenant  j.g., 
participated  aboard  the  guided  missile  frigate  USS 
Thach,  deployed  in  Yokosuka,  Japan,  in  an  exercise 
with  the  Japanese  Maritime  Cult  Defense  Force. 

Scott  E.  Lehrer  '90,  who  earned  his  law  degree 
from  Columbia  University's  law  school  in  May,  works 
for  the  Manhattan  firm  Brown  &.  Wood. 

Matthew  J.  Littleton  '90,  a  Navy  lieutenant 
j.g.,  visited  Acapulco,  Mexico,  while  deployed  aboard 
the  guided  missile  frigate  L'SS  Crommelin  in  the  east- 
ern Atlantic  and  the  Caribbean. 


'90  is  an  associate  producer  at  ESPN, 
where  he  is  responsible  for  researching,  writing, 
and  producing  features  tor  SporoCenter  and  other 
ESPN  news  and  information  programs.  He  lives  in 
Bristol,  Conn. 


Keir  P.  Meisner  '90,  who  earned  his  master's  in 
mechanical  and  aerospace  engineering  from  the  Uni- 
versity of  Virginia  in  May  1992,  is  a  product  design 
engineer  for  Ford  Motor  Co.  in  Dearborn,  Mich.  His 
wife.  Kym  Hirschman  Meisner  '90,  is  a  substi- 
tute teacher  in  several  school  districts.  They  live  in 
Novi,  Mich. 

Mark  Warren  Wickersham  '90  will  attend 

Yale  University  Law  School  in  the  fall. 


J.  George  '91,  a  Navy  ensign,  graduated 
from  the  submarine  officer  basic  course  at  the  Naval 
Submarine  School  in  Groton,  Conn.,  where  he  learned 
about  the  theory-,  construction,  and  operation  of 
nuclear-powered  submarines. 

Eric  R.  Harnish  '91  is  a  corporate  auditor  with 
Arthur  Andersen  6k  Co.  His  wife,  Jennifer  Dyer 

Harnish  '91,  is  a  doctoral  student  in  clinical  psy- 
chology at  Vanderbilt  University.  They  live  in 
Nashville,  Term. 

Geoffrey  M.  Hendrick  '91,  a  Navy  ensign,  grad- 
uated from  the  submarine  officer  basic  course  at  the 
Naval  Submarine  School,  where  he  learned  about 
the  theory,  construction,  and  operation  of  nuclear- 
powered  submarines. 

Jon  R.  Hibschman  B.S.E.  '91  is  an  electrical  pro- 
ject engineer  at  Shick  Tube-Veyor  Cotp.  in  Kansas  City, 
Mo.  He  and  his  wife,  Lisa  Fatall  "  " 

B.S.E.  '92,  live  in  Overland  Park,  Kan 


'91  is  working  in  Los  Angeles 
for  Overseas  Film  Group  as  its  international  sales 
coordinator. 

Tom  Rhodes  '91  is  working  in  Los  Angeles  for 
HBO  Pictures  in  creative  affairs. 

Tracy  E.  Dolan  '92  is  living  for  a  year  in 
Bialystok,  Poland,  where  she  teaches  English  as  part 
of  the  World  Teach  program. 

Lisa  Fatall  Hibschman  B.S.E.  '92  is  Electrical 
Engineer  I  at  Black  &  Veatch  in  Overland  Park,  Kan. 
She  and  her  husband,  Jon  R.  Hibschman  B.S.E. 
'91,  live  in  Overland  Park. 


'92  represented  Duke  in  April  at 
the  inauguration  of  the  president  of  Georgia  State 
University  in  Atlanta. 


M.  Maxwell  J.D.  '92  is  an  associate  with 
the  Atlanta  law  firm  Alston  &.  Bird. 


M.B.A.  '92  is  an  assistant  vice  presi- 
dent/credit analyst  in  the  Wachovia  Investment 
Management  Group  of  Wachovia  Bank.  He  and  his 
wife,  Nancy,  live  in  Winston-Salem. 

Chad  Sarchio  '92  was  commissioned  a  second 
lieutenant  in  the  Army  and  is  pursuing  a  law  degree  ; 
George  Washington  University.  He  is  also  a  columni: 


SUDS  SPECIALIST 


On  a  recent  busi- 
ness trip  to 
Belgium,  Joe 
Barfield  '91  spent  most 
of  his  time  sipping  beer 
in  the  local  breweries. 
Don't  worry  about  his 
boss  finding  out, 
though.  As  publisher  of 
Southwest  Brewing 
News,  the  self- 
employed  Barfield  was 
just  doing  his  job. 

Published  bimonthly 
from  Austin,  Texas, 
where  Barfield  is  in 
graduate  school,  South- 
west Brewing  News 
has  tapped  into  the 
growing  specialty-beer 
market.  From  the 
home  brewer  who 
turns  out  batches  of 
tasty  ales  to  the  micro- 
brewery  owner  who 
bottles  pilsners  and 
bocks,  anyone  inter- 
ested in  quality  beer 
can  find  something  of 
interest  in  SBN. 

The  inaugural  issue 
features  a  cover  story 
on  Texas'  pending  leg- 
islation regarding 
brewpubs,  establish- 
ments which  make  and 
sell  their  own  product 
Inside  columns  include 
guides  to  regional 
breweries,  an  advice 
column  ("The  Queen 
of  Quaff'),  and  a 
schedule  of  tastings 
and  competitions. 

While  corporate 
giants  such  as 
Anheuser-Busch  and 
Miller  strive  for 
absolute  consistency 
with  a  smattering  of 
products,  smaller  brew- 
eries delight  in  the  sub- 
de  variations  that  come 
with  a  new  batch  of 
stout  or  pale  ale. 
Barfield  calls  the  mass- 
produced  beer  avail- 
able in  the  grocery 
store  "lawn  mower 
beer.  That's  the  stuff 
you  drink  when  you 
just  want  to  quench 
your  thirst  after  work- 
ing outside  on  a  hot 
day." 

Barfield's  interest  in 
beer  became  serious  a 
couple  of  years  ago, 
when  he  spotted  a  guy 
drinking  beer  from  "a 
strange  bottle  with  a 
funny  label  on  it." 
When  he  found  out  the 
beverage  was  home 
brew,  he  decided  to 


try  making  some 
for  himself. 

"The  first 
beer  I  made 
was  pretty 

mediocre,"  he  :r£K 

admits.  But  he 
stuck  with  it, 
and  now  has 
three  or  four 
different  varieties 
brewing  at  any  given 
time.  His  favorite? 
"Whatever  happens  to 
be  in  the  fridge,"  he 
says.  A  five-gallon 
batch,  which  makes 
two  cases  of  tasty  brew 
costs  him  about  ten 
dollars. 

Now  working  on  his 
master's  in  Latin  Amer- 
ican studies  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Texas-Austin, 
Barfield  identifies  his 
area  of  interest  as — 
what  else? — Latin 
American  beer  styles. 
"There's  a  dearth  of 
information  on  Latin 
American  beers,"  he 
says.  "In  every  (beer] 


book 

I've  seen,  there  are 
only  a  couple  of  pages 
at  most  which  deal 
with  the  region.  And 
it's  so  rich  in  history. 
For  example,  Czecho- 
slovakian  immigrants 
settled  there  a  long 
time  ago  and  started 
brewing  beers,  so  that 
there  are  now  styles  in 
Latin  America  that  are 
no  longer  available  in 
Europe."  He's  also  tak- 
ing some  business 
courses  that  relate  to 
newspaper  publishing. 
For  suds  aficionados 
who  want  to  try  brew- 
ing their  own,  Barfield 


who  knows 
what  they're 
doing — and 
taste  the  beers 
they  make  so 
you  can  trust 
them,"  he  says. 
"Second,  buy  a  copy  of 
The  Complete  Joy  of 
Home  Brewing.  And 
finally,  never  use  corn 
sugar.  Always  use  malt 
sugar;  that's  key." 

Southwest  Brewing 
News  is  distributed  at 
brewpubs,  home  brew 
shops,  and  quality  beer 
stores  throughout  the 
Southwest.  Subscrip- 
tions are  $12, and 
available  by  writing 
Southwest  Brewing 
News,  1 1405  Evening- 
star  Drive,  Austin, 
Texas  78739. 


May-June    1993 


for  the  National  Law  Center's  The  Advocate  newspa- 
per and  serves  on  the  staff  of  Congressman  Duncan 
Hunter's  House  Republican  Research  Committee. 

MARRIAGES:  David  Alexander  Beckett  '90 
to  Jacqueline  G.  Miller  '88  on  Aug.  16.  Resi- 
dence: Denver... Andrea  llyse  Brumberger 

'90  to  Richard  E.  Hutton  on  Feb.  22,  1992.  Residence: 
Orlando,  Fla....Roeha  Coutry  '90  to  Urs  Seiler 
on  April  2  in  Lausanne,  Switzerland... Mark  War- 
ren Wickersham  '90  to  Kristen  Robinson  on 
June  6,  1992.  Residence:  New  York  City. .  Eric  R. 
Harnish  '91  to  Jennifer  L.  Dyer  '91  on  Jan.  2. 
Residence: Nashville,  Tenn.... Jon  R.  Hibschman 
B.S.E.  '91  to  Lisa  M.  Fatall  B.S.E.  '92  on  July  11. 
Residence:  Overland  Park,  Kan....M.  Ruth 
Holsinger  '91  to  Matthew  James 
Lewellen  '91  on  Aug.  15  in  Duke  Gardens.  Resi- 
dence: Norwalk,  Ohio... Lisa  M.  Fatall  B.S.E.  '92 
to  Jon  R.  Hibschman  B.S.E.  '91  on  July  11. 
Residence:  Overland  Park,  Kan.... Joanna  Irish 
'92  to  Robert  L.  Krouskup  on  Aug.  16.  Residence: 
Redmond,  Wash. 


BIRTHS:  First  child  and  so: 
Brumberger  '90  and  Richard  E.  Hutton  on  Jan. 
17.  Named  Jeremy... First  child  and  son  to  Julie 
Scheidel  Smith  '90  and  Craig  Smith  on  Sept.  4. 
Named  Taylor  Gram. 


DEATHS 


H.  Lander  '23,  A.M.  '24  on  March  13  in 
New  York  City.  As  editor  of  The  Trinity  Chronicle  in 
1923,  he  helped  adopt  the  term  Blue  Devils  for  the 
sports  teams,  named  for  "those  famous  and  sturdy" 
World  War  I  French  Alpine  soldiers,  as  he  told  Duke 


When 

Your  Retirement 

Lifestyle  Requires  A 

Certain  Style 

Of  Life 


2701  Pickett  Road,  Durham,  NC  27705 
Telephone  (919)  490-8000 


Magazine  in  1986.  A  veteran  United  Press  Interna- 
tional reporter  and  later  its  Washington  bureau  chief, 
he  filed  stories  that  included  the  Cuban  uprisings  in 
1933  and  1935  that  led  to  a  coup  for  dictator  Batista, 
the  overthrow  of  the  last  Spanish  monarch  in  1937, 
and  the  creation  of  the  United  Nations  in  1945.  He 
interviewed  Leon  Trotsky  during  his  exile  to  Mexico 
after  the  Russian  Revolution,  General  Douglas 
MacArthur,  and  President  Franklin  D.  Roosevelt.  He 
is  survived  by  his  wife,  Margaret. 

Agnes  Doub  Jones  '24  of  Raleigh  on  Jan.  9. 

Ruby  Sherron  DeHart  '25  of  Bryson  City,  N.C., 
on  Dec.  3 1 .  A  former  teacher,  she  was  a  civic  leader, 
serving  two  terms  as  an  elder  in  the  Presbyterian 
Church  and  several  terms  as  president  of  the  Women 
of  the  Church.  She  was  active  in  the  PTA  and  served 
for  nine  years  on  the  Swain  County  school  board.  She 
was  a  member  of  the  American  Association  of  Uni- 
versity Women  and  a  charter  member  of  the  Swain 
County  Hospital's  board  of  trustees,  serving  on  its 
executive  committee  until  ill  health  forced  her  to 
resign  in  1988.  She  is  survived  by  two  daughters  and 
two  grandchildren. 

Edith  Judd  Parker  '26  of  Fuquay-Varina,  N.C., 
on  March  9. 


Colt  '27  of  Hendersonville, 
N.C.,  on  Dec.  16.  She  is  survived  by  a  son. 

Marina  Jarvis  Baum  '28  of  Swanquarter,  N.C. 

Walter  S.  Ide  A.M.  '29  of  Armonk,  N.Y.,  on 
Aug.  19. 

Earl  H.  LutZ  '29  of  Shelby,  N.C,  on  Feb.  19.  A 
member  of  the  Shelby  City  Council  from  1959  to 
1963,  he  retired  from  the  N.C.  Department  of  Trans- 
portation. He  served  with  the  Army  during  World 
War  II.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Rebecca,  a  son,  a 
daughtet ,  a  brother,  five  grandchildren,  and  a  step- 
grandson. 


R.  Cheek  '30  of  Olney,  Md.,  on  Nov.  14. 
He  had  retired  from  IBM.  He  is  survived  by  two 
daughters,  a  brother,  a  sister,  and  five  grandchildren. 

Helen  Pierce  Foushee  '31  ofTimberlake, 
N.C,  on  July  4. 

John  E.  Gibbs  A.M.  '31  of  Mt.  Pleasant,  S.C.,  on 
July  1 1 .  An  English  teacher  whose  career  was  inter- 
rupted by  service  during  World  War  II,  he  taught  at 
several  public  and  private  schools  and  was  principal  at 
three.  President  of  the  Charleston  Library  Society  for 
13  years  and  a  trustee  there  for  nearly  50  years,  he  also 
served  three  terms  as  the  president  of  the  Poetry  Soci- 
ety of  South  Carolina.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Dorothy,  a  son,  two  daughters,  two  brothers,  nine 
grandchildren,  and  a  great-grandchild. 

Horace  P.  Morgan  '31  of  Decatur,  Ga„  on  Oct. 
18,  1990.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  two  sons,  includ- 
ing Horace  P.  Morgan  Jr.  Ph.D.  '70,  a  daugh- 
ter, and  four  grandsons. 

C.  Emile  Saint- Amand  Jr.  LL.B.  '31  of  Gaffney, 
S.C.,  on  Dec.  24.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Alice, 
and  two  children,  Nathan  E.  Saint-Amand  '60 
and  Emilia  Saint-Amand  Seed  '65. 

Madge  Harris  Searcy  '31  of  Orange  Park,  Fla., 
on  March  1 .  She  taught  school  in  Durham  for  more 
than  43  years.  She  is  survived  by  a  daughter,  a  son,  1 1 
grandchildren,  and  seven  great-grandchildren. 


ler  '31  of  Charlotte, 
N.C,  on  Feb.  21.  A  former  superintendent  of  the 
Marion  and  Greensboro  school  districts,  he  was  also  i 
retired  Methodist  minister  and  a  member  of  the 
Western  N.C.  Confetence  for  more  than  40  years. 

Julius  Kay  '32  of  North  Andover,  Mass.,  on  Feb. 
23.  A  general  practitioner  and  an  anesthesiologist 
who  later  became  a  family  practitioner,  he  was  a 


school  physician  and  chair  of  the  North  Andover 
Board  of  Health.  He  was  a  leading  proponent  in  the 
drive  to  fluoridate  the  town's  drinking  water  in  the 
early  1970s  and  also  created  the  first  public  measles 
vaccination  clinics  in  the  state.  He  is  survived  by  his 
wife,  Julia,  two  daughters,  a  sister,  a  brother,  and  five 
grandchildren. 


fin  S.  Herrington  '33,  M.D.  '37  of  Virginia 
Beach,  Va.,  in  September. 

Edna  Lee  Adams  Johnson  '33  of  Charlotte, 
N.C.,  on  Feb.  8,  following  a  heart  attack.  She  was  a 
member  of  Theatre  Charlotte  Auxiliary.  She  is  sur- 
vived by  a  daughter. 

Louise  B.  Griscom  '35  of  Milford,  N.H.,  on 
Nov.  1.  She  is  survived  by  her  husband,  George  E. 
Griscom  '36,  four  daughters,  a  sister,  and  four 
grandchildren. 


Ramsey  A.M.  '35  of  Johnson  City, 
Term.,  on  Jan.  22.  She  was  a  public  school  teacher  for 
37  years.  She  also  taught  Sunday  School  for  more 
than  60  years  and  served  as  church  treasurer  for  more 
than  25.  She  is  survived  by  two  sisters. 

Daryl  W.  Shaw  M.E.D.  '36  of  Silver  Spring,  Md., 
on  Nov.  11,  1992.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Betty. 

Carl  M.  Whitley  '37  of  Wilson,  N.C,  on  Jan.  5.  A 
member  of  the  board  of  directors  at  Kenly  Savings 
Bank,  he  was  the  retired  owner  of  Whitley  Tax  and 
Accounting  Service.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Eleanor,  a  daughter,  three  sisters,  two  brothers,  and 
two  grandchildren. 

Thomas  E.  Bowman  Jr.  '38  of  Vero  Beach, 
Fla.,  on  Jan.  17.  After  earning  his  medical  degree  from 
Jefferson  Medical  College  in  Philadelphia  and  serving 
in  World  War  II  as  an  Army  captain,  he  was  a  physi- 
cian and  surgeon  in  the  Harrisburg,  Pa.,  area  for  more 
than  40  years.  He  was  the  founder  and  executive 
director  of  the  Capital  Area  Science  and  Engineering 
Fair,  which  awards  scholarship  money  to  high  school 
students,  for  35  years.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 

Virginia  Grainger  Bowman  '38,  two  sons,  two 
daughters,  including  Victoria  Bowman  Stone 

'72,  and  nine  grandchildren. 

Herbert  A.  Carl  '38  of  Exeter,  N.H.,  on  Jan.  19,  of 

a  heart  attack.  A  Wotld  War  II  Army  Signal  Corps 
veteran  of  the  China- Burma-India  theater,  he  earned 
his  master's  in  library  science  from  Columbia  Univer- 
sity. He  worked  as  a  librarian  at  Yale  before  joining 
the  division  of  library  programs  at  the  U.S.  Depart- 
ment of  Education,  where  he  retired  as  special  assis- 
tant to  the  director  in  1977.  He  is  survived  by  his 
wife,  Virginia,  a  son,  a  daughter,  four  grandchildren, 
and  a  brother,  George  O.  Carl  '35. 

William  B.  Wright  '38  of  Raleigh  on  Feb.  21. 
Following  service  in  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  theaters 
during  World  War  II,  he  worked  for  several  newspa- 
pers before  settling  with  the  State  Magazine;  he  retired 
as  publisher  in  1987.  He  was  a  past  president  of  the 
Association  of  Regional  Publishers.  He  is  survived 
by  his  wife,  Sara,  two  sons,  a  brother,  and  three 
grandsons. 

William  A.  Peters  Jr.  '39,  M.D.  '43  of  Elizabeth 
City,  N.C,  on  March  15.  A  World  War  II  Navy  vet- 
eran, he  was  a  retired  obstetrician  and  gynecologist. 
He  was  past  president  of  the  N.C.  Obstetrical  and 
Gynecology  Association  and  a  member  of  the  Bayard 
Carter  Society  of  Obstetrics  and  Gynecology.  His 
numerous  civic  activities  included  a  stint  as  president 
of  the  Elizabeth  City  Rotary  Club,  commodore  of  the 
E.C.  Yacht  Club,  and  a  member  of  the  Society  of  the 
Cincinnati.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Louise,  five 
sons,  and  six  grandchildren. 


Augustus  Vinson  M.Ed.  '39  of 
Jacksonville,  Fla.,  on  Aug.  1. 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


Rebecca  Atzrodt  Wells  R.N.  '39,  B.S.N.  '39  of 
Chapel  Hill  in  November. 

Everitt  A.  "Nick"  Carter  B.S.M.E.  '40  on  June 
24,  1989,  of  cancer,  after  a  very  brief  illness.  He  is 
survived  by  bis  wife,  Brenda. 

Betty  Kramer  Noon  '40  of  Los  Altos,  Calif. 

John  E.  Sundholm  '40  of  Jacksonville,  N.C.,  on 
Feb.  26.  He  was  a  retired  lieutenant  colonel  in  the 
Marine  Corps.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Lenore,  a 
daughter,  and  a  sister,  A.  Edwina  Sundholm 
Lynch  '40. 

James  W.  Snow  '41  of  Santa  Barbara,  Calif.,  on 
Jan.  22.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Charlene. 


O.  Browned  M.D.  '42  of  Greenville, 
S.C.,  on  Jan.  1 1.  A  graduate  of  Washington  State 
University,  he  interned  in  Atlanta  at  Grady  Memor- 
ial before  serving  in  World  War  11  as  an  Army  Air 
Corps  flight  surgeon.  He  returned  to  Duke  for  post- 
graduate training.  Certified  in  psychiatry  in  1952,  he 
started  the  Mental  Health  Clinic  in  Greenville.  He 
was  president  of  the  medical  staff  at  the  Greenville 
Hospital  system  in  the  1960s,  president  of  the 
Greenville  County  Medical  Society,  and  medical 
director  of  Marshall  I.  Pickens  Hospital.  He  was  hon- 
ored in  1991  when  the  Pickens  Outpatient  Service 
was  named  the  Brownell  Diagnostic  Center.  He  was 
founder  of  Psychiatric  Associates,  a  life  fellow  of  the 
American  Psychiatric  Association,  and  a  Harris  Fel- 
low of  the  Greenville  Rotary  Club.  He  is  survived  by 
his  wife,  Agnes,  three  daughters,  and  a  son. 

James  Curtis  Byrd  M.Ed.  '42  of  Lakeland,  Fla., 
on  Oct.  8.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Lillian. 

,S.C.,onFeb.7. 

Johnson  Nesbitt  '42  of  Shreveport, 
La.,  on  Dec.  21. 


Franklin  Reinhardt  M.D.  '42  of  Lin- 
colnton,  N.C.,  and  Santee,  S.C.,  on  Dec.  13.  He 
earned  his  bachelor's  from  Davidson  College.  During 
World  War  II,  he  served  with  the  Army  Medical 
Corps.  He  practiced  internal  medicine  in  Lincolnton 
until  returning  to  Duke  in  1959  for  a  three-year  resi- 
dency in  radiology  and  nuclear  medicine.  In  1962,  he 
joined  the  staff  of  the  radiology  department  at 
Greensboro's  Moses  Cone  Hospital,  later  becoming 
chief  of  radiology  and  president  of  the  medical  board 
before  retiring.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Jane,  three 
daughters,  six  grandchildren,  and  a  sister. 

J.  Arthur  "Cubby"  Baer  '43  of  St.  Louis,  Mo., 
on  March  9.  After  holding  various  posts  in  the  com- 
pany, he  became  president  in  1963  of  Stix,  Baer  & 
Fuller,  a  St.  Louis  retailing  store  co-founded  by  his 
grandfather.  His  career  included  a  stint,  from  1973  to 
1976,  as  chair  and  chief  executive  of  the  12-store 
chain,  which  became  part  of  Arkansas-based  Dillard's 
in  1984.  He  was  a  director  of  Mercantile  Bank  and 
Union  Electric  Co.,  worked  with  the  Red  Cross  and 
the  United  Way,  and  was  board  chair  and  president  of 
The  Muny,  a  local  theater.  He  is  survived  by  two  sons, 
including  J.A.  "Ted"  Baer  J.  D.  '70,  a  daughter,  a 
sister,  and  five  grandchildren. 

J.  Alexander  "Alex"  Radford  43  of  St 

Petersburg,  Fla.,  on  Dec.  15.  He  served  with  the 
infantry  in  Europe  during  World  War  II.  He  earned 
his  master's  at  Northwestern  University,  and  from 
1955  to  1965,  he  was  wire  editor  at  the  St.  Petersburg 
Times.  He  was  an  account  executive  at  Zemp  ek  Asso- 
ciates and  director  of  the  St.  Petersburg  Free  Clinic 
before  becoming  public  relations  director  at  Jack  Eck- 
erd  Corp.  in  1971.  He  retired  in  1985.  He  is  survived 
by  several  aunts  and  cousins. 

Woodrow  W.  Carroll  Sr.  '44  of  Raleigh,  N.C., 
on  Jan.  26.  He  was  owner  and  operator  of  Woody 
Carroll  Realty  Co.  and  Custom  Lawn  Sprinkler  Co., 


and  was  also  a  real  estate  specialist  with  the  Army 
Corps  of  Engineers.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Mar- 
jorie,  two  sons,  a  daughter,  three  brothers,  and  three 
grandchildren. 


J.  Ampthor '45  of  Philadelphia  on  Jan. 
18.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Dorothy,  two  sons,  two 
daughters,  five  grandchildren,  and  a  brother. 

Francis  W.  "Pat"  Fowler  B.D.  '46  of  Laguna 
Vista,  Texas,  on  Nov.  9  after  a  long  illness.  Following 
his  service  as  chaplain  to  the  Marine  Corps  at  Parris 
Island,  S.C.,  during  World  War  II,  he  worked  as  a  real 
estate  broker.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Dorothy,  three 
daughters,  four  brothers,  and  seven  grandchildren. 


H.  Thomas  '46  of  Lexington,  N.C.,  on 
Feb.  22.  The  former  owner  and  operator  of  Thomas 
Motor  Co.,  he  headed  his  own  real  estate  company. 
He  served  in  the  Air  Force  in  World  War  II  and  was  a 
retired  major  in  the  Air  Force  Reserve.  He  was  a  for- 
mer two-term  member  of  the  Lexington  City  Council 
and  chaired  the  Davidson  County  Board  of  Elections. 
He  was  founder  and  current  president  of  the  Davidson 
County  Educational  Foundation  and  had  been  instru- 
mental in  establishing  the  Davidson  County  Commu- 
nity College.  He  was  a  past  president  of  the  chamber 
of  commerce,  former  president  and  chair  of  the  local 
United  Way  and  of  the  local  Red  Cross  chapter,  and 
former  president  of  the  Lexington  Board  of  Realtors. 
A  former  scoutmaster  and  district  chairman  of  the 
Boy  Scouts  of  America,  he  was  also  a  recipient  of  its 
Silver  Beaver  Award.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Martha  Launius  Thomas  '49;  a  son;  three 
daughters;  three  brothers,  including  Wayne 

'56;  four  sisters;  and  four  grandchildren. 


.on  Jr.  M.D. '46  of  Lenoir, 
N.C.,  on  Feb.  7.  He  was  the  founder  of  Thompson 
Medical  Specialists,  P.A.,  and  helped  organize  the 
N.C.  Society  of  Internal  Medicine,  where  he  was  a 
past  president.  He  was  a  fellow  in  the  American  Col- 
lege of  Cardiology  and  in  the  American  College  of 
Physicians.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Freda,  two 
daughters,  two  sons,  and  five  grandchildren. 

Elizabeth  B.  Ballin  '47  of  New  London,  N.H., 
on  Jan.  19.  A  lifelong  volunteer,  she  worked  as  a 
nurses  aid  during  World  War  II  at  Duke  Hospital,  was 
a  50-year  service  volunteer  at  the  American  Red 
Cross,  and  was  a  past  president  and  board  member  of 
the  New  London  Hospital  Aid.  She  is  survived  by  her 
husband,  John,  a  daughter,  two  sons,  her  mother,  a 
brother,  and  four  grandchildren. 

Jean  Parker  Alford  '48  of  Lake  Wales,  Fla.,  in 
March  1992.  She  is  survived  by  her  husband,  Barney. 

Neil  Jarvis  McDonald  '48  of  Wilmington, 

N.C,  on  Dec.  29.  An  employee  of  the  Army  Medical 
Corps,  he  retired  in  1979  as  a  colonel  and  director  of 
personnel,  education,  and  training  in  the  Office  of 
Army  Surgeon  General.  He  then  served  as  executive 
director  of  Area  Health  Education  Center  in  Wilm- 
ington until  1991.  In  1989,  he  was  appointed  adjunct 
assistant  dean  of  the  UNC  School  of  Medicine.  He  is 
survived  by  his  wife,  June,  and  a  brother. 

William  A.  Whalen  Jr.  '49  on  Aug.  30  at  his 
home  in  Pinehutst,  N.C.  A  Yale  Medical  School 
graduate,  he  was  the  former  head  of  the  medical  staff 
of  Windham  Community  Hospital,  the  Windham 
County  Medical  Association,  and  the  Connecticut 
State  Medical  Society.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Cornelia,  three  sons,  including  Jeffrey  B.  Whalen 
'79,  two  daughters,  and  several  grandchildren. 

Marvin  T.  Glenn  '50  of  O'Hara  Township,  N.C, 
on  Feb.  16.  He  worked  for  Northwood  Realty  and 
Massachusetts  Mutual  Life  Insurance  Co.,  and  had 
been  a  regional  sales  manager  with  Anaconda  Ericson 
for  28  years.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Carolyn, 
three  daughters,  a  son,  his  mother,  a  sister,  and  four 
grandchildren. 


P.  Frank  Hanes  Jr.  '50  of  Winston-Salem  on 
Feb.  23.  An  executive  in  the  knitwear  division  at 
Hanes  Corp.,  where  he  worked  for  23  years,  he  later 
co-founded  Carolon  Co.,  which  produced  bandages 
that  competed  with  Ace  bandages.  He  is  survived  by 
his  wife,  Jane,  two  daughters,  two  sons,  a  brother,  and 
seven  grandchildren. 

Richard  Glenn  Price  Jr.  '50  of  Beaufort,  S.C, 
on  Sept.  7.  A  veteran  of  World  War  II  and  the  Korean 
War,  he  was  awarded  the  Commendation  Medal  for 
service  as  a  medical  officer  to  the  Korean  people. 
Following  a  five-year  surgical  residency  at  the  Medical 
University  of  South  Carolina,  he  became  the  first  full- 
time  general  surgeon  to  practice  at  Beaufort  Memorial 
Hospital.  He  was  past  president  of  the  Beaufort 
County  Medical  Society  and  former  chief  of  surgical 
service  at  Beaufort  Memorial.  He  is  survived  by  his 
wife,  Mary  Jo,  and  two  sons. 

Frank  H.  Chamberlin  '51,  M.D.  '55  ofEdisto 
Beach,  S.C,  on  Dec.  13.  He  was  medical  director  of 
the  Illinois  Veterans  Home  for  six  years,  a  board 
certified  internist,  and  a  fellow  of  the  American  Col- 
lege of  Physicians.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Betty, 
four  sons,  two  stepsons,  three  grandsons,  and  five 
step-grandchildren. 

Edward  E.  Eddowes  '51  of  Birmingham,  Ala., 
on  Sept.  26.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife. 


A.  Novick  '51  of  Winchester,  Va.,  on 
Feb.  19.  He  was  vice  president  of  Novick  Transfer, 
which  merged  with  Hemingway  Transport,  Inc.,  in 
1964-  He  became  general  manager  of  Hemingway 
Truck  leasing  division.  He  was  president  and  hoard 
chair  of  Truck  Suppliers,  Inc.  since  1976.  He  was  a 
past  president  of  the  American  Cancer  Society,  the 
American  Heart  Association,  the  Exchange  Club, 
and  the  Beth-el  congregation  in  Winchester.  He  is 


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survived  by  his  wife,  Neysa,  two  daughters,  a  son,  a 
brother,  and  six  grandchildren. 

Ben  Terry  White  II  M.D.  '51  of  Carmel  Valley, 
Calif.,  on  March  6.  He  was  a  retired  cardiologist.  He 
is  survived  by  a  daughter,  a  sister,  and  two  grandchil- 
dren. 

Vee-Tsung  Ling  Edwards  '52  of  Ann  Arbor, 
Mich.,  on  June  5,  1992.  An  instructor  and  lecturer  of 
Chinese  language  at  Yale  during  the  1940s,  she  taught 
Chinese  at  the  University  of  Michigan.  She  is  sur- 
vived by  her  husband,  Richard,  three  daughters,  a 
son,  three  brothers,  and  three  grandchildren. 

Sarah  Margaret  Lambert  A.M.  '52  of  Atlanta 
on  Feb.  1. 

Charles  R.  Price  '52  of  Summerville,  S.C.,  on 
Aug.  29. 

Elbert  Pridgen  Barnes  H.A.Cert.  '53  of  Mur- 
rells  Inlet,  S.C.,  on  Sept.  5.  A  pilot  during  World  War 
II  who  retired  from  the  Air  Force  Reserve  as  a  lieu- 
tenant colonel,  he  was  a  retired  admininstrator  of 
Richland  Memorial  Hospital  in  Columbia.  He  is  sur- 
vived by  two  daughters  and  two  sisters. 

Earle  W.  Fike  Sr.  '53  of  Danville,  Va.,  on  Jan. 
3 1 .  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Ann. 

Bryan  C.  West  Jr.  M.D.  '55  of  Elizabeth  City, 
N.C,  on  Feb.  25.  He  was  a  retired  physician  and  a 
member  of  the  Bayard  Carter  Society  of  Obstetricians 
and  Gynecologists.  He  was  also  a  current  manuscript 
dealer  and  a  member  and  a  past  treasurer  of  the  Man- 
uscript Society.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Margaret,  a 
daughter,  three  sons,  one  sister,  and  two  grandchil- 
dren. 

Gerald  Alvin  Chadwick  '56  of  Panama  City, 
Fla.,onMay7,  1991. 

Shirley  Faye  Wright  Lester  '58  of  Grundy, 
Va.,  on  Sept.  27.  She  was  a  member  of  the  boards  of 
directors  at  Virginia  Polytechnic  Institute,  Ferrum 
College,  and  Stuart  Hall  Prep  School.  She  was  also 
past  director  of  the  Va.  State  Junior  Women's  Club. 
She  is  survived  by  her  husband,  Edsel,  two  daughters, 
a  son,  and  a  brother. 

Richard  Wallace  Kreidler  LL.B.  61  of  Jack 
sonville,  Fla.,  on  Jan.  15.  After  practicing  law  in  Jack- 
sonville for  more  than  20  years,  he  had  served  as  a 
county  judge  for  the  past  nine  years  before  retiring. 
He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Patricia,  a  daughter,  a  son, 
a  sister,  and  a  granddaughter. 

John  Richard  Supple  '61  of  Durham  on  Jan. 
28.  He  was  chairman  of  the  board  at  Largely  Literary 
Designs  Inc.,  in  Chapel  Hill  and  former  president  of 
Head  Racquet  Sports  in  Princeton.  He  is  survived  by 
his  wife,  Phyllis,  and  two  sons. 


in  Nicks  Jr.  M.D.  '62  of  Colorado 
Springs  on  Feb.  10.  He  served  in  the  Army  Medical 
Corps,  attaining  the  rank  of  major.  He  was  also  a 
member  of  the  board  of  supervisors  for  the  El  Paso 
County  Medical  Society  and  served  on  the  board  of 
trustees  at  Memorial  Hospital.  He  is  survived  by  his 
wife,  Jean,  two  sons,  three  daughters,  a  brother,  a 
sister,  and  two  grandchildren. 

Gerald  Donald  Dansby  LL.B.  '65  of  Perry,  Fla., 
on  Dec.  27-  He  had  practiced  law  in  Pen-  since  1966. 
After  serving  in  the  Naval  Air  Reserve,  he  attended 
the  University  of  Alabama  and  Rice  University.  He 
worked  as  an  associate  attorney  before  opening  his 
own  practice.  He  was  also  county  attorney  of  Taylor 
County,  public  defender  for  the  3rd  Judicial  Circuit, 
Taylor  County  School  Board  attorney,  and  Develop- 
ment Authority  attorney.  He  is  survived  by  three 
brothers  and  a  sister. 

Frank  J.  Kilgore  MAT.  '66  of  Niceville,  Fla., 
on  Nov.  18. 


Orle 


,  Dec.  6. 


E.  Frank  Wilson  Ed.D.  '69  of  Durham  on  March 
20.  A  veteran  of  World  War  II  and  the  Vietnam  War, 
he  retired  from  the  Air  Force  and  taught  navigation 
at  the  Air  Force  Academy  and  ROTC  at  Duke.  He  is 
survived  by  his  wife,  Anne,  a  daughter,  a  son,  a 
brother,  and  four  grandchildren. 

Adrenee  Glover  Freeman  '71  of  Columbia, 
S.C.,  on  Nov.  28.  While  at  Duke,  she  was  involved 
with  Hoof 'n'  Horn  and  The  Chronicle.  Appointed 
deputy  attorney  general  for  the  state  of  New  Jersey  in 
1975,  she  was  named  assistant  U.S.  attorney  for  the 
District  of  New  Jersey.  A  year  later  she  became  the 
state's  deputy  commissioner  in  the  department  of 
banking.  After  a  stint  as  resident  counsel  and  corpo- 
rate secretary  for  First  Peoples  Bank  of  New  Jersey, 
she  moved  to  Columbia,  where  she  had  practiced  law 
since  1986.  While  in  Columbia,  she  served  on  the 
boards  of  directors  for  Helpline  of  the  Midlands,  Inc., 
and  Fair  Share  Housing  Development,  Inc.  She  is  sur- 
vived by  two  daughters,  her  mother,  and  two  brothers. 


Boren  '82  of  Charlotte,  N.C, 
on  Oct.  9.  He  had  worked  for  newspapers  in  Hickory, 
N.C,  and  Charlottesville,  Va.  He  is  survived  by  his 
wife,  Yong,  a  daughter,  his  mother,  Jerre  Den- 
R.N.  '53,  and  two  brothers. 


V.  Martin  Mustian  Jr.  M.H.A.  '82  of  Charlotte, 
N.C,  on  April  1,  1992,  of  an  apparent  suicide.  He 
earned  his  bachelor's  at  Wake  Forest  University, 
where  he  was  president  of  Sigma  Chi  fraternity.  A 
former  managing  service  director  for  The  Duke 
Endowment's  hospital  division  in  Charlotte,  he  was 
administrator  of  Healthsouth  Rehabilitation  Hospital 
in  Columbia,  S.C  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Becky,  a 
son,  a  daughter,  his  parents,  a  brother,  and  two  sisters. 

Forestry  Professor  Chaiken 

Leon  Edward  Chaiken,  professor  of  forestry  man- 
agement and  managing  director  of  Duke  Forest,  died 
March  2  in  Duke  Hospital  after  a  brief  illness.  He 
was  81. 

He  received  his  bachelor  of  science  and  master's 
degrees  at  Cornell  University  before  coming  to  Duke. 
He  held  various  offices  in  the  Society  of  American 
Foresters.  He  was  also  a  veteran  of  World  War  II, 
having  served  as  an  Army  captain. 

He  is  survived  by  three  sons,  six  grandchildren,  and 
a  great-grandchild. 

Hospital  Administrator  Frenzel 

Charles  H.  Frenzel  '41,  H.A.  Cert  '51,  former  Duke 
Medical  Center  administrative  director,  died  Decem- 
ber 3  in  Florence,  South  Carolina.  He  was  74- 

After  three  years  as  administrator  of  Bedford 
County  Hospital  in  Virginia,  he  was  named  assistant 
superintendent  at  Duke  Hospital  in  1956.  Following  a 
stint  as  the  hospital's  superintendent,  he  became  ad- 
minstrative  director  of  Duke  Medical  Center  in  1964 
and  founded  the  Duke  Program  in  Hospital  Adminis- 
tration, which  he  directed  from  1964  to  1972.  He 
then  served  as  executive  vice  president  of  Mercy 
Catholic  Medical  Center  in  Philadelphia  before  being 
named  the  first  president  of  McLeod  Regional  Med- 
ical Center  in  Florence,  South  Carolina,  in  1977, 
where  he  remained  until  retiring  in  1984. 

He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Virginia,  a  son,  James 

Charles  Frenzel  '67,  J.D.  '70,  and  a  grandson. 
"Uncle  Harry"  Rainey 

Harry  Rainey,  director  of  Duke's  stores  operations 
and  namesake  of  the  popular  Uncle  Harry's  General 
Store,  died  of  cancer  on  March  17.  He  was  61. 

Rainey,  a  native  of  Salisbury,  North  Carolina,  and 
an  East  Carolina  University  graduate,  came  to  Duke 
in  1967  as  marketing  director  for  Duke  Stores  and  was 
named  assistant  director  of  stores  operations  in  1973. 


In  1978,  he  became  director,  responsible  for  uni- 
versity and  medical  center  stores  and  bookstores, 
retail  stores  on  East  and  West  campuses,  vending 
operations,  office  products,  and  Blue  Devil  conces- 
sions. 

During  most  basketball  tournaments,  "Uncle 
Harry"  could  be  found  drifting  through  the  Duke 
student  section  distributing  handfuls  of  gum,  pins, 
and  hats  to  students.  He  achieved  near  cult-hero 
status  among  them  for  his  generosity.  While  students 
camped  outside  Cameron  to  line  up  for  tickets, 
Rainey  would  personally  deliver  sandwiches,  pizzas, 
and  soft  drinks.  If  weather  permitted,  he  would  serve 
barbecue  from  a  grill  he  had  trucked  in. 

At  Duke,  Rainey  expanded  services  to  include  a 
video  games  operation,  student  laundry  service,  a 
computer  store,  a  retail  merchandising  catalog,  and  a 
general  store  on  central  campus.  Since  1980,  he 
served  as  chair  of  the  golf  tournament  committee  for 
the  Duke  Children's  Classic.  He  also  established  the 
Randall  F.  Yorkey  Endowment  Fund  in  honor  of  a 
Duke  store  manager  who  died  in  1980.  He  continued 
to  organize  the  Yorkey  Golf  Tournament. 

In  1972,  he  served  as  president  of  the  College 
Stores  Association  of  North  Carolina.  In  1987, 
Rainey  received  the  Outstanding  Manager  Award 
from  the  National  Association  of  College  Stores 
(NACS),  of  which  he  was  a  board  member.  The 
N  ACS  plans  to  develop  a  memorial  fund,  with  pro- 
ceeds to  be  used  for  assisting  students  planning  careers 
in  stores  operations.  The  organization's  national  golf 
tournament  has  also  been  renamed  in  Rainey's  honor, 
effective  in  1994. 

He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Katherine,  a  son,  a 
daughter,  and  several  brothers  and  sisters.  A  memorial 
service  was  held  in  Duke  Chapel  on  March  21. 

Law  Professor  Larson 

Arthur  Larson,  James  B.  Duke  professor  emeritus  of 
law  and  authority  on  workers'  compensation,  died 
March  27  at  his  Durham  home.  He  was  82. 

Larson  came  to  Duke  in  1958  after  having  served  as 
undersecretary  of  labor,  as  director  of  the  U.S.  Infor- 
mation Agency,  and  as  special  assistant  to  President 
Dwight  D.  Eisenhower  in  charge  of  speeches. 

For  several  years  at  Duke,  Larson,  who  was  the 
second  James  B.  Duke  professor  named  at  the  univer- 
sity, headed  the  law  school's  Rule  of  Law  Research 
Center,  which  was  involved  in  early  efforts  to  make 
contact  with  the  Soviets  through  a  series  of  Soviet- 
American  citizens'  conferences.    Although  he  retired 
from  teaching  in  1980,  he  continued  to  work  on  pub- 
lications, most  notably  his  eleven-volume  legal  trea- 
tise on  workers'  compensation. 

He  is  survived  by  a  son  and  a  daughter,  a  sister  and 
a  brother,  and  six  grandsons.  A  scholarship  in  his 
name  has  been  established  at  Duke's  law  school. 

Law  professor  Grzybowski 

Kazimierz  Grzybowski,  nationally  known  expert  on 
Soviet  law  and  Duke  professor  emeritus  of  law  and 
political  science,  died  April  25  at  a  Durham  area  nurs- 
ing home.  He  was  85. 

A  native  of  Llow,  Poland,  he  received  his  master  of 
laws  degree  and  his  doctor  of  laws  degree  from  the 
University  of  Lwow.  He  was  named  to  the  Polish  bar 
in  1936  and  was  later  a  district  court  judge  in  Llow. 
He  earned  his  S.J.D.  from  Harvard  University. 

During  World  War  II,  he  received  the  Military 
Cross  for  service  in  the  Polish  army.  Grzybowski 
directed  the  Polish  Information  Center  for  the  Mid- 
dle East  from  1942  to  1945.  He  was  recruited  to  Duke 
in  1964  to  work  at  the  law  school's  Rule  of  Law 
Research  Center  by  its  director,  Arthur  Larson.  The 
center  formulated  early  plans  to  reach  out  to  the 
Soviet  people  through  a  series  of  Soviet- American 
conferences.  When  the  center  ceased  to  exist,  Grzy- 
bowski stayed  on  at  Duke,  receiving  appointments  in 
1970  in  law  and  political  science. 

Before  coming  to  Duke,  he  taught  at  the  University 
of  Llow  Law  School  and  Graduate  School  of  Diplo- 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


macy;  the  University  of  Leiden,  Holland;  Yale  Law 
School;  the  University  of  Michigan;  and  the  Univer- 
sity of  Strasbourg,  France. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  1950  Congress  of  Compar- 
ative Law  in  London  and  served  as  consultant  to  the 


U.S.  State  Department  in  the  U-2  and  Francis  Gary 
Powers  cases.  He  wrote  numerous  books  and  articles 
on  international  law,  Soviet  criminal  law,  economic 
problems  of  the  Soviet  bloc,  and  Polish  legislation 
and  politics. 


He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Zofia,  a  librarian  who 

once  worked  with  Duke's  Slavic  collection. 


ARROWHEAD  INN,  Durham's  country  bed  and 
breakfast.  Restored  1775  plantation  on  four  rural 
acres,  20  minutes  to  Duke.  Written  up  in  USA  Today, 
Food  &  Wine,  Mid- Atlantic.  106  Mason  Rd.,  27712. 
(919)  477-8430;  outside  919  area,  (800)  528-2207. 

ST.  JOHN:  Two  bedrooms,  pool.  Quiet  elegance, 
spectacular  view.  (508)  668-2078. 

KEY  WEST:  One,  two,  or  three  bedroom  home  with 
Jacuzzi.  Lush,  private  compound  in  historic  Old  Town. 
(305)296-7012. 


THE  OLD  NORTH  DURHAM  INN,  an  i 

bed  and  breakfast  less  than  a  mile  from  Duke,  offering 

tum-of-the-century  charm,  comfortable  lodging,  and 

hearty  breakfasts.  922  N.  Mangum  St.,  27701.  (919) 

683-1885. 

HILLSBOROUGH  HOUSE  INN  bed/breakfast, 
15  minutes  from  Duke.  Gracious  Italianate  mansion. 
Seven  acres.  Historic  district.  209  E.  Tryon  St., 
Hillsborough,  NC  27278.  (919)  644-1600.  Katherine 
Webb,  innkeeper. 

BALD  HEAD  ISLAND,  NC.  Unspoiled  island  acces- 
sible by  ferry  from  Southport.  No  cars.  Transportation 
by  golf  cart,  fourteen  miles  of  beach,  golf,  tennis, 
nature  program,  great  fishing.  Beautifully  furnished 
three-bedroom,  two-bath  condo.  Weekly/weekend/ 
off-season  rates.  Rent  at  discount  directly  from  owners. 
(919)929-0065. 

BLUE  RIDGE  MOUNTAINS,  Woolwine,  Va.  The 
MOUNTAIN  ROSE  is  a  fully  restored,  Victorian  bed 
and  breakfast  retreat,  seven  miles  from  the  Blue  Ridge 
Parkway.  Two  hours  from  Durham.  (703)  930-1057. 


KEOWEE  KEY  S.C. 

Retired  Country  Club  Living 

Reasonably  Priced  Resale 

Homes,  Lots,  Condos,  Townhouses 

RENTALS 

Waterfront  and  Golf  Course 

Golf,  Tennis,  Boating,  and  Other 

Easy  Living  Amenities.  Ask  for 

BillWilmer'51  1-800-637-2772 

FOOTHILLS  OF  KEOWEE 

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swimming  and  snorkeling.  John  Krampf '69,  812  W. 
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FOR  SALE 


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MISCELLANEOUS 

For  an  upcoming  article  in  Duke  Magazine,  we  are 
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DEADLINES:  November  1  (January-February  issue), 
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May-June    1993 


TENDING  HER 
FLOCK 


Every  child  knows  by  heart  the  nursery  § 
rhyme  of  Mary  and  her  little  lamb.  1 
Just  about  the  time  a  youngster  1 
heads  off  to  kindergarten,  he  or  she  can  | 
probably  sing  the  story  of  what  happened  § 
when  the  lamb  followed  Mary  to  school.  | 
But  by  the  time  adolescence  creeps  in,  the  f 
child  may  have  forgotten  the  third  and  = 
fourth  verses,  and  the  moral  of  the  story: 
Those  who  remain  faithful  to  their  animals 
will  receive  their  love  in  return. 

Susan  Gladin  M.Div.  '82  didn't  have  a 
little  lamb  while  she  was  growing  up  in 
Helena,  Arkansas  (a  hundred  miles  or  so 
downstream  along  the  Mississippi  River  from 
Bill  Clinton's  birthplace  of  Blytheville), 
but  she  did  own  a  goat  who  lived  in  her 
family's  backyard.  One  day,  Gladin  says, 
the  goat  followed  her  to  church,  and  her 
parents  made  her  take  it  home  right  away, 
where  it  waited  patiently  for  her  to  return. 

One  might  say  that  the  animals  have 
been  waiting  for  Gladin  to  return  from 
church  all  her  life.  The  association  between 
the  ministry  and  the  menagerie  has  existed 
for  Gladin  ever  since  she  graduated  from 
Duke's  divinity  school  and  became  an 
ordained  Methodist  minister.  A  year  later, 
she  was  appointed  executive  director  of 
Orange  Congregations  in  Mission  (OCIM), 
an  organization  of  rural  Orange  County 
churches  in  Hillsborough,  North  Carolina. 
Eight  years  after  that,  in  1991,  she  left  the 
ministry  to  return  to  another  flock — and 
opened  a  wool  processing  business  on  her 
farm  in  Hillsborough. 

"From  the  time  I  was  a  child,  I'd  always 
loved  animals,  and  had  fantasized  about 
living  on  a  farm,"  says  Gladin.  Her  uncle, 
she  says,  was  a  cotton  farmer  who  kept  a 
stable  of  horses,  and  she  often  visited  her 
grandfather's  farm  on  the  outskirts  of 
town.  But  it  wasn't  until  she  married  Peter 
Kramer  '73  and  moved  onto  his  Hillsbor- 
ough farm,  called  "Down  Yonder  Farm," 
that  she  began  caring  for  her  own  animals. 

On  the  job  at  OCIM,  Gladin  helped 
look  after  the  needs  of  the  elderly  and  poor 
of  Orange  County,  through  agency  services 
like  home-delivered  meals,  financial  coun- 
seling, and  teenage  pregnancy  counseling. 
"Initially,  it  was  an  exciting  job  with  lots 
of  challenges,"  says  Gladin.  "One  day,  I'd 


be  writing  a  grant 
proposal,  and  the 
next  day,  pushing 
somebody's  vehicle 
down  a  dirt  road." 

During  her  spare 
time,  she  attended 
to  the  animals, 
and  began  spinning 
wool  as  a  hobby. 
Over  a  period  of 
eight  years,  she  says  Wool  gathering:  Gladin ,  above 
she  realized  that 

working  with  the  sheep  was  more  fulfilling 
than  what  was  increasingly  becoming  a 
desk  job.  So  she  decided  to  open  up  her 
own  wool  processing  business,  to  cater  to 
the  growing  population  of  hand- spinners. 

"People  like  to  say  things  like  'oh,  she 
was  burnt  out,'  but  that's  not  what  caused 
me  to  leave  the  ministry,"  Gladin  says. 
"Yes,  it  was  a  high-stress  situation;  my  job 
had  largely  become  fund  raising,  and  it  kept 
getting  more  and  more  difficult.  But  the 
most  compelling  reason  I  left  the  ministry 
was  the  opportunity  to  do  something  else." 

Gladin  says  that  once  she  made  the 
decision  to  open  up  the  cottage  industry,  it 
was  "almost  magical"  how  everything 
worked  out.  On  vacation  in  the  Blue 
Ridge  Mountains,  she  happened  across  a 
little  wool  shop,  where  a  customer  had  just 
told  the  owner  that  she  was  selling  a  picker, 
coincidentally  the  last  piece  of  equipment 
that  Gladin  needed.  When  she  purchased 
another  machine,  a  carder,  from  a  man  in 
Minnesota,  he  offered  to  bring  it  all  the 
way  to  her  farm  in  North  Carolina,  en- 
abling her  to  start  the  business  much  sooner 
than  she  had  initially  planned. 

Wool  processing  is  both  an  art  and  a  sci- 
ence, Gladin  says,  and  involves  a  multi- 
stage procedure.  After  the  fleeces  come  off 
the  animal,  she  explains,  they're  delicately 
washed  to  remove  the  greasy  lanolin  oil, 


fleeces  her  flock  to  spin  a  new  and  successful  career,  top 

and  left  to  air-dry.  Next,  the  wool  goes 
through  a  picker  (according  to  Gladin,  the 
machine  looks  like  "a  medieval  torture 
device"),  which  brings  it  to  a  light,  fluffy 
stage.  A  machine  called  a  carder  then  con- 
verts the  wool  to  either  of  two  forms  that 
can  be  used  by  hand-spinners:  roving,  a 
long  rope,  or  batts,  wide  strips  of  fiber. 

On  the  side,  Gladin  will  occasionally  pro- 
cess wool  for  her  own  spinning  and  knit- 
ting, sometimes  selling  a  piece  now  and 
then  at  a  community  fair.  But  as  more  and 
more  people  get  involved  with  spinning, 
the  need  for  a  wool  processing  service  is  in 
greater  demand. 

Gladin  says  that  one  explanation  for  the 
ease  of  her  career  transition  is  her  flexible 
philosophy  of  life:  "I've  never  felt  that  life 
has  only  one  track  and  that's  it."  She 
doesn't  exclude  the  possibility  of  returning 
to  the  ministry  (technically,  she  is  on 
leave  for  up  to  seven  years).  Gladin  says 
she  is  glad  she  took  the  risk.  "Most  people 
are  very  multifaceted.  It's  rewarding  to  be 
able  to  explore  another  facet  of  my  life." 

— Jonathan  Douglas 


Please  send  suggestions  for  "Transitions"  to  Jonathan 
Douglas,  Editorial  Assistant,  Duke  Magazine,  Box 
90570,  Durham,  N.C.  27708-0570. 


34 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


Please  limit  letters  to  no  more  than  300  words. 
Duke  Magazine  reserves  the  right  to  edit  letters 
for  length  and  clarity. 


BLYTHEVILLE 
SPIRIT 


Editors: 

I  really  enjoy  receiving  Duke  Magazine.  I 
especially  enjoyed  the  article  about  the 
new  president,  Nannerl  Keohane,  in  the 
January-February  1993  issue. 

First,  the  new  president  of  the  United 
States  from  Arkansas,  and  now  the  new 
president  of  Duke!  But,  dear  friends,  her 
hometown  of  Blytheville  is  not  "just  down 
the  road  from  Bill  Clinton's  hometown  of 
Hope."  It's  298  miles  down,  quite  a  few 
different  roads! 

It's  almost  like  saying  Asheville  is  just 
down  the  road  from  Durham!  Or  Durham 
is  just  down  the  road  from  Washington, 
D.C.  Both  are  nearer  to  each  other  than 
Blytheville  is  from  Hope.  And  this  faux  pas 
was,  interestingly  enough,  in  the  "Direc- 
tions" section  of  your  superb  magazine! 

But,  alas,  there  may  be  hope  (no  pun 
intended).  Since  these  two  V.I.P.s  are 
both  from  Arkansas,  perhaps  the  entire 
nation  will  come  to  discover  more  about 
our  lovely  state. 

William  A.  Cheyne  B.D.  '58 
Siloam  Springs,  Arkansas 

Editors: 

Given  the  geographical  sensitivity  of 
Arkansas  (engendered  by  having  been 
rhetorically  located  last  year  "somewhere 
between  Texas  and  Oklahoma"),  I  am  sure 
you  have  been  advised  by  now  that 
Blytheville  is  not  "just  down  the  road" 
from  a  place  called  Hope,  or  even  Hot 
Springs  High  School. 

It  is  just  down  the  road  from  Tomato, 
Arkansas,  but  an  unconscious  blurring  of 
the  distinction  between  tomatoes  and 
watermelons  seems  unlikely. 

In  fact,  as  Dee  Brown's  recent  Washing- 
ton Post  piece  reminds  us,  the  three  towns 
are  in  three  distinct  regions  of  the  state: 
Blytheville  in  the  Delta  (astride  the  New 
Madrid  Fault);  Hot  Springs  in  the  Ouachi- 
ta Mountains;  and  Hope  in  the  piney 
woods,  regions  as  distinct  from  one  another 


as  tidewater,  piedmont,  and  mountains. 
Perhaps  the  comment  teflects  a  truth 
rathet  than  a  mere  fact,  a  truth  alluded  to 
by  our  Governor  Tucker  on  the  occasion 
of  President  Clinton's  leave-taking  and 
Mt.  Tucker's  inauguration:  As  a  state,  we 
are  all  "just  down  the  road"  from  one 
anothet,  just  as  we,  as  a  country,  "are  all  in 
this  together."  In  which  case,  you  are  not 
to  be  corrected,  but  congratulated  and 
encouraged. 

W.  Christopher  Barrier  J.D.  '67 
Little  Rock,  Arkansas 

We  also  heard  from  Philip  L.  Hathcock  M. 
Div.  '74  of  Conway,  Arkansas,  and  another 
Arkansan,  Belinda  Etheridge  Rubens.  We 
thank  you  for  the  geography  lesson. 


COLD  TO 
ICE 


Editors: 

Ice-T  is  about  as  much  of  a  social  com- 
mentator ["Hitting  the  Right  Notes,"  Jan- 
uary-February 1993]  as  Jim  Bakker  is  a  the- 
ologian. As  human  beings,  their  listeners 
deserve(d)  better. 

Joseph  B.  Harris  Ph.D.  '59 
Stevens  Point,  Wisconsin 


CALL  FOR 
RESTRAINT 


Editors: 

I  read  with  interest  the  article  about  the 
music  industry  in  the  January-February 
issue.  Although  I  have  never  personally 
enjoyed  rock  or  rap,  I  took  the  warnings  of 
critics  as  to  their  dangers  with  a  huge  grain 
of  salt  until  I  was  sexually  assaulted  by  a 
youth  chanting  rap.  About  a  year  later,  my 
ears  and  mind  were  assaulted  while  stand- 
ing in  a  music  stote  looking  at  sheet  music 
during  the  playing  of  the  "clean"  version 
of  a  tape  that  advocated  fornication  in 
every  phrase. 

Being  a  victim  puts  a  different  light  on 
things,  and  I  am  now  convinced  that  some 
of  the  music  and  visual  entertainment 
being  produced   in  recent   years   is  con- 


tributing to  the  rise  in  sexual  assaults,  not 
to  mention  the  teen  pregnancy,  promiscu- 
ity, sexually  transmitted  diseases,  and  vio- 
lence that  our  country  is  experiencing.  It  is 
not  the  only  factot  by  any  means,  but  by 
reducing  inhibitions  and  promoting  social 
acceptability  of  these  acts,  it  is  a  major 
contributing  factor. 

The  music  industry  is  not  the  only  cul- 
prit, as  you  point  out.  Movies,  television, 
advertisers,  and  major  publishing  houses 
are  also  guilty  of  irresponsibility.  Aside 
from  any  discussion  of  legal  censorship, 
thete  remains  a  question  of  moral  responsi- 
bility by  artists,  actors,  producers  and  pub- 
lishers, distributots,  and  their  boards  of 
directors.  Although  the  medical  profession 
has  done  a  poot  job  of  living  up  to  it  in  the 
last  twenty-five  years,  its  first  rule  of  pri- 
mum  non  nocere  (first  do  no  harm)  is  one 
that  the  entertainment  industry  might 
well  emulate. 

I  am  not  speaking  from  a  vacuum.  Aside 
from  my  own  experience  as  a  victim  of  a 
sexual  assault  with  evidence  of  a  direct  tie 
to  tap  music,  I,  as  a  pediatrician,  see  vic- 
tims of  sexual  assaults  nearly  every  week 
and  children  victimized  by  their  own  or 
their  parents'  irresponsible  sexual  activity 
every  day.  I  also  see  the  children  of  a  four- 
teen-yeat-old  killed  in  a  drive-by  shooting. 
Some  of  my  patients  have  been  murdered 
(including  some  in  hired  killings)  and  some 
of  my  patients  have  become  murderers. 

It  is  neatly  impossible  to  avoid  the  sex 
and  violence  being  thrust  upon  us  by  the 
entertainment  industry.  Please,  can't  there 
be  a  little  self-restraint?  Is  the  dollar  more 
important  than  the  harm  its  productions 
cause? 

Name  Withheld  fry  Request 


ATHLETES  TO 
ISRAEL 


Editors: 

I  would  like  to  clarify  a  small,  seemingly 
irrelevant  qualifier  in  your  article,  "Can  You 
Be  Too  Careful?"  in  the  January-February 
issue.  You  write  that  Amit  Shalev,  president 
of  the  Duke  Sky  Devils,  first  became  inter- 
ested in  the  thrill  of  skydiving  at  the  Mac- 
cabiah  Games,  "a  sort  of  Jewish  Olympics." 


May-June    J993 


J5 


I  work  for  the  United  States  Committee 
Sports  for  Israel,  the  nonprofit  organiza- 
tion that  organizes  and  sponsors  the  650- 
member  United  States  team  to  the  1993 
World  Maccabiah  Games.  As  the  four- 
teenth U.S.  Maccabiah  team,  it  is  the  third 
largest  U.S.  team  to  participate  in  interna- 
tional competition. 

The  Maccabiah  Games  are  a  quadrennial 
Olympic-style  and  -sanctioned  event  bring- 
ing more  than  4,500  Jewish  athletes  from 
more  than  forty-five  nations  to  Israel  for 
sports  competition,  cultural  exchange,  and 
a  celebration  of  Jewish  unity.  Previous 
Maccabiah  participants  have  included 
swimmer  Mark  Spitz,  gymnast  Mitch  Gay- 
lord,  tennis  star  Brad  Gilbert,  and  golfer 
Bruce  Fleisher. 

As  a  matter  of  fact,  a  Duke  undergraduate, 
Ashley  Wacholder  '94,  has  been  appointed 
to  the  U.S.  Maccabiah  Women's  Volley- 
ball Team,  and  other  Duke  undergraduates 
and  alumni  are  seeking  spots  on  various 
sports  teams  for  this  summer's  edition  of 
the  games. 

Also,  please  note  that  the  precision 
parachutists  to  whom  you  refer  are  mem- 
bers of  the  Israeli  army's  prestigious  para- 
troopers unit.  They  are  an  exciting  part  of 
the  opening  ceremonies,  which  will  this 
year  take  place  on  July  5  at  the  Ramat  Gan 


stadium  near  Tel  Aviv  before  an  expected 
crowd  of  60,000  spectators. 

Lauren  R.  Kotkin  '90 
Philadelphia,  Pennsylvania 


V.A.'S  VALUE 
UNRECOGNIZED 


Editors: 

I  was  delighted  to  see  the  informative 
and  positive  article  on  Jed  Rose  in  his 
Nicotine  Research  Laboratory  [March- 
April].  Dr.  Rose  is  deservedly  recognized 
for  his  significant  efforts  to  reduce  one  of 
the  most  costly  and  devastating  addictive 
habits  in  our  society. 

I  was  looking  for  the  recognition  of  the 
contribution  that  federal  funds  have 
played  in  support  of  programs  like  Jed 
Rose's  and  I  am  disappointed  that  the 
author  omitted  any  reference  to  the  role 
played  by  the  Department  of  Veterans 
Affairs.  While  at  UCLA,  Rose  was  work- 
ing at  the  Wadsworth  VA  Medical  Center 
and  since  his  recruitment  to  Duke,  his 
entire  operation  is  based  at  the  Durham 
VA  Medical  Center. 


DUKE 

Safe,  serious  weight  loss  through 

lifestyle  change.  Personalized  care  from 

Duke  physicians  and  health  professionals. 


Diet  and  Fitness  Center 

Duke  University  Medical  Center 
804  W.  Trinity  Avenue 
Durham,  NC  27701 
800-362-8446 


Rose's  research  has  had  continuous 
funding  from  the  VA  in  the  form  of  an 
investigator-initiated  grant,  the  Merit 
Review.  Our  VA  Medical  Center  is  one  of 
the  largest  research  programs  in  the  coun- 
try, with  more  than  $4  million  in  direct 
costs  awarded  by  the  VA  to  the  Durham 
VA  Medical  Center  investigators.  Al- 
though all  of  the  faculty  have  appoint- 
ments at  Duke  University,  we  would  also 
like  to  recognize  the  critical  support  pro- 
vided by  the  VA  to  our  research  programs. 

Stephen  L.  Young,  M.D. 
Durham,  North  Carolina 


SEEING 
SANDRA 


Editors: 

Regarding  "Remembering  Mary  Grace" 
in  the  March-April  issue:  The  photo — 
"circa  1960"  is  incorrect.  The  attractive 
blonde  in  front  of  the  mirror  is  Sandra 
Faber  '52,  who  distracted  me  in  Spanish  3 
and  4- 

Lew  Klein '51 
Glenside,  Pennsylvania 


HAITIAN 
HISTORY 


Editors: 

In  the  review  of  Paul  Farmer's  book 
AIDS  and  Accusations:  Haiti  and  the  Geog- 
raphy of  Blame,  there  is  an  inaccuracy. 
Jean-Bertrand  Aristide  wasn't  the  first 
democratically  elected  president  of  Haiti. 

In  an  election  monitored  by  individuals 
of  other  nations  in  1957,  "Papa  Doc"  Duva- 
lier  won  in  a  legal,  multiparty  election. 

R.J.  Jones 
Washington,  D.C. 

Thank  you  for  correcting  the  book's  author, 
who  was  the  source  of  this  oversight.  Duvalier 
actually  defeated  two  other  candidates. 

Another  correction  the  magazine  would  like 
to  make:  The  reference  to  Duvalier' s  "brutal 
thugs"  should  have  read  Tontons  Macoutes 
and  the  voodoo  master  is  Tonton  Meme. 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


D 


uke  neurosurgeon 
Allan  H.  Friedman 
74  has  already  re- 
moved the  layers  of 
skin,  muscle,  and  bone 
to  get  at  the  patient's 
pulsing  brain.  Now, 
he  and  his  medical 
crew  are  probing  sections  of  the  temporal 
lobe  to  determine  the  precise  parameters 
of  the  speech  center  in  order  to  avoid 
damaging  it  when  removing  a  nearby  tumor. 
But  the  only  way  they  can  do  that  is  with 
the  patient's  help.  So,  as  an  assistant  holds 
up  illustrated  flash  cards,  Lynne  Venuto 
'74  identifies  what's  pictured. 

"A  red  ball,"  she  says,  while  the  surgical 
team  pokes  around  in  her  head.  "A  blue 
slipper." 

Suddenly,  she  starts  frantically  repeating 
over  and  over,   "I   know,   really.   Really, 


RECTIONS 


LIGHTS 
CAMERA 
SCALPEL 

VIDEO  SURGERY 

BY  BRIDGET  BOOHER 


While  not  for  the 
squeamish,  The  Operation 
takes  viewers  behind 
the  scenes  for  a  range 
of  surgical  procedures, 
from  the  routine  to  the 
almost  unbelievable. 


I  know,  I  know,  really." 

"Okay,  that's  it!"  say  the  doctors,  who 
have  pinpointed  the  exact  location  of  the 
tumor  that  has  been  causing  Venuto  to 
have  epileptic  seizures  like  this  one.  In  the 
minutes  that  follow,  they  successfully 
remove  a  small  mass  of  tissue  and  sew 
everything — including  a  disc-shaped  sec- 
tion of  skull — back  together.  Two  months 
later,  Venuto  and  her  husband  cook  break- 
fast for  their  three  kids  in  the  sunny 
kitchen  of  their  Myrtle  Beach  home. 

Venuto's  dramatic  story  was  presented 
in  its  fascinating,  graphic  entirety  on  The 
Learning  Channel's  The  Operation  series. 
Each  episode  focuses  on  a  different  med- 
ical procedure,  from  the  routine  (a  Cae- 
sarean  section)  to  the  almost  unbelievable 
(crafting  missing  fingers  out  of  toes).  Sup- 
plemented by  patient  and  doctor  inter- 
views and  explanatory  three-dimensional 


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May-June    1993 


illustrations,  the  series  is  a 
remarkable  look  at  what  goes  on 
behind  the  operating  room  doors. 

"People  are  innately  curious," 
says  Bill  Hayes  '78,  the  series' 
producer.  "So  we're  taking  them 
where  they  usually  don't  get  to 
go:  the  operating  room.  Our 
purpose  is  twofold.  We  want  to 
show  the  miracles  of  modern 
medicine  and  we  want  to  pre- 
sent compelling  human- interest 
stories."  *$ 

Before  the  actual  procedure 
begins,  viewers  "meet"  the  physi- 
cian, the  patient  and  his  or  her 
family,  and  learn  about  the  pa- 
tient's condition.  In  a  feat  of  suc- 
cinctness and  economy,  Hayes 
manages  to  make  us  care  about 
these  people  and  their  lives. 

Like  Rodney  Doerksen,  a  six- 
foot-nine  California  man  suffer- 
ing from  Marfan  syndrome.  The 
condition,  which  also  afflicted 
Abraham  Lincoln,  causes  rapid 
growth  that  puts  an  enormous 
strain  on  the  aorta.  Both  Doerk- 
sen's  father  and  grandfather 
died  from  Marfan's  before  they 
turned  forty.  While  there  was  a 
10  percent  chance  Doerksen 
would  die  during  surgery,  doc- 
tors knew  that  he  would  defi- 
nitely die  without  it.  In  a  pro- 
foundly moving  moment,  viewers 
see  Doerksen's  expression  as  he 
absorbs  the  gravity  of  this  prognosis. 

In  Lynn  Venuto's  case,  her  epileptic 
seizures  manifested  themselves  by  her 
repeating  the  same  words  over  and  over  for 
about  thirty  seconds  at  a  time.  Because 
this  behavior  seemed  more  like  a  nervous 
habit  than  any  kind  of  life-threatening 
physical  condition,  Venuto  says  she  and 
her  family  weren't  even  aware  that  it  was 
organically  based. 

"They  began  after  the  birth  of  my  oldest 
son,  who's  now  fourteen,"  says  Venuto. 
"But  they  weren't  diagnosed  until  three  or 
four  years  ago.  I  was  bowled  over;  I  had  no 
idea  it  was  going  on.  It  could  happen  while 
I  was  feeding  a  baby  in  a  high  chair,  or 
folding  wash.  You  would  think  I'd  be 
vaguely  aware  of  what  was  going  on  but  I 
wasn't.  My  husband  just  thought  I  was 
being  sarcastic." 

Because  Venuto  would  "blank  out"  dur- 
ing these  seizures,  which  were  becoming 
more  frequent,  driving  became  out  of  the 
question.  For  a  full-time  homemaker  and 
mother  of  three,  this  restriction  was  devas- 
tating. Drugs  were  ineffective  on  the  kind 
of  episodes  Venuto  was  experiencing,  so 
she  decided  to  go  with  what  she  saw  as  her 
only  other  option:  brain  surgery. 


"People  are  innately 
curious.  So  we're  taking 
them  where  they  usually 

don't  get  to  go:  the 
operating  room." 

BILL  HAYES 
Producer,  The  Operation  Series 


In  front  of  the  camera,  Venuto's  hus- 
band reflects  on  how  he  accepted  her  deci- 
sion. "You're  married  to  someone  for  four- 
teen years,"  he  says,  marveling  at  his  wife's 
fortitude,  "and  suddenly  you  realize  they 
have  the  patience  of  Job." 

Venuto  says  she  agreed  to  share  her 
ordeal  with  Hayes  and  The  Learning 
Channel  as  an  educational  service  to  a 
general  audience.  For  anyone  facing  brain 
surgery,  or  who  knows  someone  who  is, 
Venuto's  relaxed,  matter-of-fact  attitude  is 


both  encouraging  and  inspira- 
tional. 

(Because  of  the  nature  of  epi- 
lepsy, doctors  are  cautious  about 
saying  Venuto  is  totally  cured. 
But  when  she  passes  the  six- 
month  mark  on  June  4,  she'll 
be  able  to  start  carpooling  again. 
"Epilepsy  is  not  like  removing 
an  arm  and  it's  gone,"  she  says. 
"People  can  stop  having  seizures 
without  any  intervention,  or 
they  can  suddenly  start  having 
them,  or  they  can  go  away  and 
then  come  back.  Since  they  took 
out  a  lesion — something  physi- 
cal— I'm  hopeful  that  it  won't 
come  back.") 

Through   his   Durham-based 
company,    Advanced    Medical 
Education,   Hayes  was  already 
producing  such  specialized  medi- 
cal programming  as  The  Video 
Journal  of  Arthroscopy.  One  day, 
jA     he  happened  to  flip  by  a  Learn- 
^H     ing  Channel  installment  show- 
•*■     ing  infant  skull  surgery.  He  im- 
1     mediately  called  the  network  and 
"I     in  a  classic  case  of  being  in  the 
right  place   at   the   right   time, 
reached  the  powers-that-be  as 
they  were  discussing  whether  or 
not  to  proceed  with  a  surgery 
series. 

"They  said,  'Why  don't  you 
send  us  something  you've  done?' 
and  I  said,  'Why  don't  I  come  up 
there  and  see  you?"'  recalls  Hayes,  an  ener- 
getic go-getter.  The  meeting  was  so  success- 
ful that  he  and  his  wife  and  partner,  Colette 
Ratchford  Hayes,  have  been  working  over- 
time ever  since. 

"They  wanted  eight  shows  in  five 
months,"  he  recalls  during  an  editing  ses- 
sion for  a  cornea  transplant  episode  that's 
scheduled  to  air  in  three  days.  "This  was  in 
September  and  they  wanted  the  first  one 
on  the  air  by  the  end  of  January.  I  thought, 
'Say  what?,'  but  we  told  them  we  could  do 
it.  Basically,  we've  done  a  year's  worth  of 
work  in  five  months."  (Hayes  also  re- 
established another  Duke  connection:  The 
Learning  Channel's  vice  president  of  pro- 
gramming is  John  Ford  74.) 

The  Learning  Channel  had  bought  five 
previously  broadcast  operations  from  pub- 
lic television  affiliates.  Hayes  was  charged 
with  putting  together  eight  additional  seg- 
ments from  scratch.  In  doing  so,  he  set  out 
to  find  a  range  of  surgical  procedures,  phy- 
sicians, and  patients  that  would  provide  a 
compelling  overview  of  corrective,  rather 
than  elective,  operations. 

Through  his  network  of  contacts  and 
word-of-mouth  queries,  Hayes  made  his 
final  selection  by  balancing  three  compo- 


38 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


nents — doctor,  location,  patient — when 
deciding  what  to  shoot.  He  found  top- 
notch  surgeons  from  various  backgrounds, 
taking  care  to  ensure  that  women,  African- 
Americans,  and  Asians  were  represented; 
and  he  located  cooperative  hospitals  in 
small  towns  and  large  cities  across  the 
country.  Finally,  he  had  to  discover  articu- 
late, likable  patients  who  were  willing  to 
be  videotaped.  The  series  roster  included  a 
laparoscopic  gall  bladder  removal,  the 
Caesarean  section,  the  cornea  transplant, 
arthroscopic  knee  surgery,  Doerksen's  heart 
repair,  Venuto's  brain  surgery,  and  the 
reconstructive  microsurgery  for  an  infant 
girl  missing  four  fingers. 

Each  hour-long  show  breaks  down  into 
about  forty-five  minutes  of  actual  footage 
after  national  and  local  commercial  breaks. 
Take  out  the  opening  and  end  credits, 
patient  and  doctor  pre-  and  post-op  inter- 
views, and  the  (very  necessary)  viewer  dis- 
cretion warnings  at  the  beginning  of  each 
segment,  and  only  thirty-five  minutes  re- 
main for  the  actual  operation.  With  some 
procedures  taking  eight  and  ten  hours, 
Hayes  (to  employ  a  surgery-suitable  expres- 
sion) has  his  work  cut  out  for  him. 

"This  is  on  The  Learning  Channel,  so 
our  job  is  to  educate,"  says  Hayes.  "Learn- 
ing theory  tells  us  that  you  don't  want  to 
create  any  stumbling  blocks  for  the  view- 
ers, because  if  you  say  or  show  something 
they  don't  understand,  you'll  lose  them.  So 
we  have  to  convey  a  lot  of  information — 
anatomy,  pathology,  diagnosis,  planned 
course  of  action — in  a  short  period  of  time, 
and  then  get  into  the  operation.  It's  an 
MTV  world  out  there;  you  can't  stay  on 
talking  heads  too  long." 

While  Hayes  and  his  crew — independent 
contractors  hired  on  as  writers,  camera  peo- 
ple, illustrators,  musi- 
cians, and  editors — 
set  out  to  teach  the 
viewing  audience, 
they  learned  a  few 
things  of  their  own 
in  the  process. 

Clark  Mathis  '92, 
the  series'  director 
of  photography  and 
principal  cameraman, 
has  experience  in 
both  film  and  video, 


Facing  the  futi 

family ,  shared 

having    worked    on    surgical  aspects  of  her  ordeal 
feature  films,  televi- 
sion  programs,   commercials,   and   music 
videos.  But  nothing  had  prepared  him  for 
some  of  the  more  vivid  sights  of  surgery. 

"It's  a  good  thing  I  have  a  job  to  do  dur- 
ing an  operation  or  I  would  think  too  much 
about  what's  going  on,"  says  Mathis,  who 
triple  majored  in  drama,  art  history,  and 
English.  "On  the  first  medical  shoot  I  did, 
it  was  very  alien;  at  one  [particularly  lurid] 


moment,  I  suddenly  developed  an  interest 
in  adjusting  the  bottom  of  my  tripod." 

Mathis  says  that  shooting  The  Operation 
has  been  a  crash  course  in  the  human 
body.  Helpfully,  and  without  prompting, 
he  points  out  that  headaches  don't  happen 
inside  your  head — where  there  are  no  tac- 
tile nerve  endings — but  rather  are  pro- 
duced by  swollen  blood  vessels  in  the  scalp. 
And  Hayes  has  amassed  a  groan-worthy 
assortment  of  anatomy  one-liners  ("You're 
pulling  my  leg!"  "The  eyes  have  it!"  "Let's 
get  to  the  heart  of  the  matter,"  etc.). 

Penelope  Maunsell  74,  who  directed, 
wrote,  and  edited  the  microscopic  hand- 
reconstruction,  says  being  elbow-to-elbow 
with  surgeons  and  support  staff  "demysti- 
fied the  body  for  me.  It's  amazing  that 
someone  can  go  through  these  complicat- 
ed surgical  procedures  and  be  perfectly  fine 
a  few  weeks  later. 
\  Fortunately,  the 

|  operation  I  worked 
\  on  didn't  involve  a 
|  lot  of  blood.  I  don't 
3  know  if  I  could  have 
I  handled  that." 
|  Luckily  for  Hayes — 
|  and,  of  course,  the  pa- 
3  tients — all  the  opera- 
|  tions  went  smoothly. 
If  anything,  he  says 
he  worries  they  might 
make  the  surgical 
arena  appear  too  laid 
back.  "The  doctors  we  profile  are  so  good 
that  they  make  it  look  deceptively  easy," 
he  says.  "Doctors  are  human;  what  they're 
doing  is  not  all  science.  There's  an  art  to 
medicine.  That's  important  to  keep  in 
mind,  particularly  because  no  two  patients 
are  alike.  Even  though  you  might  have  two 
patients  with  gallstones,  there  will  be  dif- 
ferent ways  to  go  about  removing  those 


Venuto ,  on  the  beach  with  her 
camera  the  emotional  as  well  as  the 


Electronic  surgery:  from  left,  Greg  Snyder,  Hayes, 
Penelope  Maunsell ,  and  Chuck  Mathis  put  it  together 
gallstones,  depending  on  a  variety  of  fac- 
tors." 

If  you're  the  kind  of  person  who  faints  at 
the  mere  sight  of  blood,  The  Operation  is  not 
for  you.  But  even  the  initially  squeamish 
might  find  themselves  lured  into  the  dra- 
matic and  unforgettable  images  of  what's 
medically  possible.  Apparently,  enough 
viewers  thought  so  to  make  The  Operation 
one  of  The  Learning  Channel's  most  pop- 
ular broadcasts.  (It  accounted  for  one- 
quarter  of  all  inquiries  the  cable  channel 
received  about  its  programming  in  Febru- 
ary and  March.)  They've  already  asked 
Hayes  to  come  up  with  another  season's 
worth  of  shows. 

But  if  you  thought  watching  brain 
surgery  was  something,  wait  until  you  hear 
what  they're  considering:  "A  sex  change 
operation,"  Hayes  says.  "This  would,  of 
course,  be  very  different  for  us.  We'd  have 
to  approach  it  with  a  great  deal  of  integrity 
and  sensitivity.  This  is  not  just  a  physical 
flaw  that  needs  to  be  corrected.  It's  an 
incredibly  complicated  and  controversial 
procedure." 

Regardless  of  whether  Hayes  and  The 
Learning  Channel  decide  to  delve  into  the 
mysteries  of  sexuality,  Hayes  is  excited 
about  the  potential  for  expanding  educa- 
tional broadcasting.  He's  now  writing  a  pro- 
posal for  a  documentary  on  how  the  heart 
works.  And  there's  talk  of  launching  a 
Charles  Kuralt-style  public  television  series, 
to  visit  master  artists  in  North  Carolina. 

"Television  is  such  a  paradox,"  says 
Hayes.  "There's  so  much  garbage  out 
there,  and  yet  you  can  use  it  for  wonderful 
things.  Visual  images  stick  in  your  mind  a 
lot  longer  than  words  that  are  heard  or 
read.  That's  an  incredibly  powerful  teach- 
ing tool."  ■ 


May-]une    1993 


39 


FOR  THE  LOVE 


OF  THE  GAME 


Nine  o'clock  on  a  Sat- 
urday morning  in 
April  is  not  exactly 
prime  time  for  an 
ACC  showdown. 
Instead  of  North 
Carolina's  cavernous 
Dean  E.  Smith  Cen- 
ter, the  site  is  the  Koury  Natatorium  in 
Chapel  Hill.  Inside,  the  8  a.m.  matches, 
two  of  them,  are  well  under  way.  There  are 
no  fans;  no  reporters  are  covering  the  day's 
events.  Yet  the  pool  area  is  full  of  ath- 
letes— water  polo  players — who  work  very 
hard  at  a  sport  they  love,  with  little  sup- 
port or  fanfare.  Welcome  to  the  world  of 
club  sports. 

As  the  previous  match  ends  and  tired 
players  lift  themselves  out  of  the  pool, 
members  of  the  Duke  water  polo  club  leap 
into  the  water  and  begin  warming  up.  It  is 
their  first  match  of  a  two-day  tournament 
featuring  nearly  twenty  teams.  There  are 
other  college  teams,  including  the  hosts 
from  UNC,  as  well  as  squads  from  Johns 
Hopkins  and  Vanderbilt.  There  are  also 
area  clubs  like  Duke's  opponent  in  this 
early-morning  battle,  the  water  polo  club 
of  Rockville-Montgomery,  Maryland. 

Minutes  later,  with  referees  dispatched 
to  either  edge  of  the  pool,  the  six  starters 
and  the  goalie  for  each  team  assemble  in  a 
line  across  the  pool  in  front  of  their  respec- 
tive goals.  One  referee  blows  her  whistle 
and  drops  the  ball  in  the  center  of  the  pool, 
along  one  side.  At  the  sound  of  the  whistle, 
a  mad  dash  ensues  as  the  teams  swim  fran- 
tically toward  the  ball.  It's  called  a  "swim- 
off,"  and  it's  how  every  period  of  a  water 
polo  game  starts:  Twelve  players  swim  as 
fast  as  they  can  and  the  first  one  to  the  ball 
gets  to  control  it  for  his  or  her  team.  The 
team  then  makes  one-handed  passes  around 
the  pool  and  attempts  to  shoot  the  ball  into 
the  goal  before  the  thirty-five-second  shot 
clock  expires. 

Water  polo  is  just  one  of  the  thirty-two 
different  active  sport  clubs  on  the  Duke 
campus,  clubs  that  cover  a  vast  spectrum 
of  athletic  activity.  Whether  taken  with 
the  idea  of  skydiving  or  skating,  playing 


AFTER-HOURS  ATHLETES 

BY  MICHAEL  TOWNSEND 

Whether  taken  with 

the  idea  of  skydiving  or 

skating,  playing 

Ultimate  Frisbee  or 

water  polo,  students 

have  a  wealth 

of  opportunities  for 

competition. 


Ultimate  Frisbee  or  water  polo,  students 
have  a  wealth  of  opportunities  for  competi- 
tion. About  1,400  students — the  over- 
whelming majority  of  them  undergradu- 
ates— belong  to  sport  clubs;  graduate 
students  are  involved  in  some  sports,  mak- 
ing up  as  much  as  30  percent  of  the  mem- 
bers in  some  clubs. 

"The  sport  clubs  are  basically  an  oppor- 
tunity for  people  to  get  involved  in  some- 
thing that  interests  them,  and  to  have  a 
chance  to  compete,"  says  equestrian  club 
member  Jennifer  Dennis  '93,  whose  term 
as  president  of  the  Sports  Club  Council's 
executive  board  ended  this  winter.  "The 
clubs  are  open  to  any  skill  level,  and  quite 
often  people  join  a  sport  which  they've 
never  played.  Most  try-outs  are  usually 
only  to  arrange  people  by  skill  level,  but 
everyone  usually  gets  a  chance  to  play." 

Water  polo  is  no  exception.  Brent  Lenz 
'93,  president  of  the  club,  heads  a  team  of 
about  a  dozen  players,  including  three 
women,  in  the  morning  match.  "The 
whole  club  has  about  forty-five  dues-pay- 
ing members,  and  about  fifteen  or  twenty 
of  us  are  sort  of  religious  about  the  game,"  he 
says.  Lenz  played  throughout  high  school 


in  St.  Louis,  but  he  estimates  that  no  more 
than  five  or  six  club  members  had  experi- 
ence with  the  game  before  coming  to 
Duke.  In  other  clubs,  there  can  be  a  very 
wide  mix  of  talent  and  experience.  The 
president  of  the  skiing  club,  Brett  Feren- 
chak  '94,  says  that  only  a  handful  of  the 
members  had  prior  competitive  skiing  ex- 
perience. The  ice  hockey  club  features  one 
graduate  student  who  played  at  a  top-notch 
NCAA  Division  I  institution,  while  other 
members  of  the  team  had  never  done  any- 
thing more  than  play  on  a  frozen  pond. 

Some  clubs  use  on-campus  facilities, 
though  not  always  at  ideal  times  of  the  day. 
The  water  polo  team  practices  four  nights 
a  week  in  the  Duke  Aquatic  Center — from 
nine  to  eleven.  Many  clubs,  however,  have 
to  travel  significant  distances  to  get  prac- 
tice and  competition  facilities.  The  ice 
hockey  club  plays  at  the  Daniel  Boone 
Arena  in  Hillsborough.  Ice  time  is  scarce, 
so  the  team  finds  itself  playing  games 
against  rival  schools  like  North  Carolina, 
Virginia  Tech,  and  even  teams  from  Geor- 
gia and  Florida,  on  Friday  and  Saturday 
nights — often  at  10:30  or  eleven.  The 
team  also  reserves  the  ice  for  two  practice 
sessions  a  week.  The  men's  and  women's 
crew  teams,  which  practice  five  or  six  days 
a  week,  must  endure  a  twenty-five-minute 
drive  to  Bahama,  on  Lake  Michie,  for  their 
practices.  The  driving  adds  nearly  an  hour 
to  an  already  busy  afternoon  practice 
schedule.  The  equestrian  team  has  to  go 
nearly  as  far  for  its  practices,  up  to  Quail 
Roost  Farms,  north  of  Durham. 

Perhaps  the  most  extreme  example  of 
the  sacrifices  necessary  to  find  facilties  is 
the  ski  club.  Other  than  a  training  camp 
before  the  start  of  the  second  semester,  any 
possibility  of  practicing  during  the  season 
is  precluded  by  distance.  "We  meant  to 
have  our  training  camp  this  year  at  Hawk's 
Nest  [a  ski  area  in  western  North  Carolina] 
but  it  was  raining,  so  we  ended  up  going  to 
a  mountain  in  Pennsylvania  called  White- 
tail,"  says  Ferenchak.  The  team  races  at 
areas  in  North  Carolina  and  West  Virginia 
during  the  winter  on  Fridays  and  Sundays. 
"But  it  is  a  three-and-a-half  hour  ride  out 


40 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


to  Boone.  So  we  usually  end  up  leaving  on 
Thursday  night  and  not  coming  hack  until 
Sunday  night.  We  try  not  to  schedule 
classes  that  meet  on  Fridays,  hut  still... it's 
quite  a  commitment." 

The  Chapel  Hill  venue  gives  ample  evi- 
dence of  the  commitment  and  dedication 
cluh  members  show  for  their  sport.  Water 
polo  is  one  of  those  sports  that  blips  on 
your  screen  for  about  five  minutes  every 
four  years  during  a  slow  time  in  the 
Olympics.  In  the  first  of  four  six-minute 
periods,  teams  splash  up  and  down  the 
pool  countless  times,  never  touching  bottom 
and  only  rarely  substituting.  And  all  this  at 
nine  o'clock  on  a  Saturday  morning.  Your 
legs  start  to  feel  tired  just  from  watching. 

Lenz  is  clearly  the  best  player  on  the 
Duke  team,  and  the  opposition  is  slow  to 
recognize  it.  He  scores  on  a  long  shot,  then 
moments  later  breaks  ahead  of  the  pack 
after  a  Rockville  turnover  and  scores  again. 
He  finishes  with  four  goals  in  the  first  peri- 
od, as  the  Blue  Devils  head  to  the  second 
with  a  6-4  lead.  The  players  get  only  a  two- 
minute  rest  between  periods,  and  then  it  is 
back  to  action.  With 
the  whistles  (which 
stop  play  about  every 
ten  seconds)  and  re- 
starts after  goals, 
members  of  the  two 
teams  have  already 
treaded  water  for 
nearly  twenty  min- 
utes, most  of  the 
time  with  opponents 
draped  around  their 
necks. 

The  second  period 
is  more  of  the  same. 
The  goalies  are  virtu- 
ally helpless  as  the 
ball  comes  whizzing 
at  them,  and  the 
score  mounts.  Lenz 
plays  "in  the  hole," 
the  last  person  be- 
tween the  opposition 
and  the  goalie.  His 
defensive  strategy 
seems  to  consist 
mostly  of  attempting 
to  drown  his  oppo- 
nent in  the  hopes 
that  he  will  let  go  of 
the  ball.  When  he  or 
a  teammate  get  too 
overzealous  (which  is 
often),  the  whistle 
blows,  and  the  other 
team  gets  a  free  pass 
to  restart.  When 
things  get  really  out 
of  hand,  a  player  is 
penalized  and  sent  to 


Moj-June    1993 


Clubs  are  run  entirely 

by  students:  They  make 

up  the  practice  schedules, 

set  up  the  competitions, 

and  organize  all  the 

fund  raising. 


the  corner  of  the  pool,  giving  the  offensive 
team  a  man  advantage  for  twenty  seconds. 
As  the  game  progresses,  Duke's  Erik 
Benson  '93  receives  a  nice  crossing  pass 
and  puts  in  a  pretty  left-handed  shot  as  the 
Blue  Devils  maintain  their  lead.  But 
Rockville,  consisting  of  mostly  older,  more 
experienced  players,  steps  things  up  a 
notch  and  reels  off  four  consecutive  scores. 
At  halftime,  Duke  finds  itself  on  the  short 
end  of  a  10-8  score. 


Making  a  splash:  water  polo  is  one  of  thirty-two  self-supporting  club 


Love  of  their  sport  and  the  competition 
feeds  all  of  the  club  athletes.  One  of  the 
members  of  the  ice  hockey  club,  goalie 
Hutch  Robbins  J.D.  '93,  manages  to  com- 
bine law  school  and  hockey.  Robbins,  one 
of  two  graduate  students  on  the  team, 
played  two  years  of  hockey  as  an  under- 
graduate at  Trinity  College  in  Hartford, 
Connecticut.  "I  decided  when  I  came  to 
Duke  that  I  would  make  time  for  hockey," 
he  says,  "and  to  sacrifice  some  other  things 
that  I  might  have  wanted  to  do.  The 
weekend  trips,  though,  can  be  horrendous. 
You  basically  give  up  your  entire  weekend, 
and  it  makes  it  impossible  to  have  a  social 
life." 

"I've  enjoyed  it  so  much,"  says  Robbins 
of  his  three  years  with  the  ice  hockey  club. 
"1  think  it  has  benefited  me  in  many  ways, 
because  it  has  been  an  outlet  for  the  re- 
lease of  the  emotions  and  pressures  of  law 
school.  I  don't  know,  it  may  have  hurt  me 
academically  because  sometimes  I'm  play- 
ing hockey  instead  of  doing  some  of  the 
work  I  should  be  doing.  But  if  I  had  to  do  it 
over  again,  I  wouldn't  change  a  thing." 
Tom  Eppinger  '93 
says  the  same  about 
his  participation  with 
the  men's  crew  team. 
"I  think  at  Duke, 
people  are  really 
committed  to  things," 
says  Eppinger.  "For 
some  people,  it  is 
academics  and  noth- 
ing else.  For  me,  crew 
is  my  life.  I  meet  a 
friend  on  the  Bryan 
Center  walkway, 
someone  I  practice 
with  every  day,  and 
we  stop  to  talk  about 
crew.  I  row  to  keep 
in  shape,  to  compete, 
to  push  myself  to 
the  limit,  but  mostly 
it's  to  have  fun  with 
the  guys." 

All   of  the   clubs 
lose    members    now 
and  then  because  of 
academic    or    other 
commitments.    Mid- 
terms or  papers  come 
up,  and  members  are 
forced  to  choose  be- 
tween    various    re- 
sponsibilities. "In  the 
equestrian  club,"  says 
Jennifer  Dennis,  "we 
send  a  team  of  fifteen 
|  to  every  show.  But 
|  we  always  have  alter- 
*  nates   ready   in   case 
sports  conflicts  come  up.  By 


the  end  of  the  semester,  everyone  who 
wants  to  show  usually  does.  People  have  a 
lot  of  other  commitments  and  can't  be 
available  every  weekend." 

Funding  is  the  biggest  hurdle.  As  a 
group,  sport  clubs  are  a  line-item  in  the 
student  government  budget.  That  money  is 
then  divided  among  the  thirty-two  different 
activities.  In  the  end,  each  club  gets  only 
about  35  percent  of  its  budget  from  student 
government.  The  rest  comes  from  dues  and 
near-constant  fund-raising  efforts. 

The  crew  team,  like  the  rest  of  the  clubs, 
spends  a  great  deal  of  time  and  effort  on 
fund  raising.  "We  have  several  different 
methods,"  says  Eppinger.  "Every  year  we 
have  an  Erg-A-Thon  on  the  Bryan  Center 
walkway,  where  we  row  on  the  rowing 
machines  from  eight  in  the  morning  until 
four  in  the  afternoon,  and  we  get  pledges  per 
half-hour  or  something.  We  also  sell  lots  of 
T-shirts  to  other  schools  at  races.  Then 
there's  student  labor.  It's  really  grunt  work, 
not  very  fun,  but  you  get  paid  an  hourly 
wage  and  that  goes  directly  to  the  club.  We 
wait  on  tables  at  banquets,  things  like  that. 
In  January,  we  spent  some  time  giving  out 
phone  books.  We  do  pretty  well,  though. 
The  men  alone  raised  about  $8,000  last 
year,  and  the  women  did  about  the  same." 

Other  clubs  have  different  methods  of 
raising  cash.  The  equestrian  club  hosts  a 
competition  among  a  dozen  schools  at  its 
"home"  at  Quail  Roost  Farm.  The  members 
also  offer  trail  rides  to  Duke  students  twice 
a  year.  The  ski  club  sells  sodas  at  football 
games  in  the  fall,  while  the  ice  hockey 
club  occasionally  sponsors  movies  in  the 
Bryan  Center.  Student  labor  is  a  popular 
method  among  many  of  the  clubs.  The 
money  raised  goes  toward  entry  fees  for 
competitions,  the  purchase  of  new  equip- 
ment, the  cost  of  transportation,  and  the 
myriad  other  costs  that  each  club  faces. 

"The  funding  issue  really  limits  us,"  says 
Eppinger,  "particularly  because  we  aren't 
able  to  pay  a  coach."  All  clubs  are  run 
entirely  by  students:  They  make  up  the 
practice  schedules,  set  up  the  competi- 
tions, organize  all  the  fund  raising,  and 
generally  oversee  every  aspect  of  the  club. 
"It's  a  difficult  situation,"  says  Eppinger. 
"On  the  one  hand,  it's  great  that  the  clubs 
are  student-run  because  they  don't  want 
coaches  taking  over.  But  on  the  other 
hand,  it  can  be  really  limiting  because  you 
have  to  hunt  for  volunteer  coaching,  and 
that  hinders  improvement." 

The  crew  club  relies  on  graduate  stu- 
dents for  their  coaching  and  has  several 
experienced  rowers  providing  instruction. 
But  the  coaching  situation  for  most  sports 
is  less  than  ideal.  "Back  ten  years  ago  or 
so,"  says  Eppinger,  "Duke  and  Virginia 
were  just  starting  out  their  crew  programs, 
and  we  used  to  beat  them.  They  now  have 


The  clubs  are  open  to 
any  skill  level,  and  quite 
often  people  join  a  sport 

which  they've  never 
played. 


Different  strokes:  unlike  varsity  teams,  women's  crew 
has  to  travel  off  campus  for  almost  daily  practices 
a  full-time  coach,  and  they  are  becoming 
one  of  the  top  programs  in  the  country 
outside  of  the  Ivy  League.  I  think  that  we 
are  one  of  the  best  programs  without  a  full- 
time  coach,  though." 

Another  source  of  money  available  to  the 
sport  clubs  comes  from  the  Kevin  Deford 
Gorter  Memorial  Endowment  Fund,  which 
pays  for  a  "dream  trip"  for  one  or  two  clubs 
a  year.  The  clubs  apply  to  the  executive 
board  for  their  dream  trip.  Last  year,  the 
rugby  team  went  to  the  Bahamas  to  com- 
pete in  a  tournament  and  train  in  Free- 
port.  In  the  past,  the  ski  club  has  gone  to 
Utah  and  the  golf  club  has  gone  to  Pine- 
hurst  for  lessons  and  practice. 

Hutch  Robbins  recalls  going  on  such  a 
trip  with  the  hockey  team  during  his  first 
year  as  a  member  of  the  club.  They  headed 
to  Colorado  for  a  few  days  of  competition. 
"We  played  the  University  of  Denver  in  the 
first  game,  and  we  tied  them,"  says  Robbins. 
"Then  we  played  the  University  of  Colorado 
at  Boulder,  and  we  played  well  again  but 
lost  by  a  goal.  On  our  day  off,  we  all  went 
skiing  at  Vail.  After  that,  though,  we  played 
Colorado  State  at  Fort  Collins  and  got 
killed,"  he  says  with  a  laugh.  "The  whole 


trip  was  memorable,  a  great  experience." 

Club  teams  compete  actively  in  various 
intercollegiate  leagues  and,  depending  on 
the  sport,  the  competition  can  cover  a 
wide  geographic  area.  The  crew  team  races 
all  over  the  Southeast,  and  sometimes 
beyond,  annually  sending  at  least  one  men's 
and  one  women's  boat  to  the  famed  Head 
of  the  Charles  regatta  in  Boston.  The  ice 
hockey  team  competes  in  a  two-division, 
eleven-team  league  with  members  from 
Virginia  to  Florida.  Transportation  is 
rarely  luxurious  and  always  tiresome. 
"There  are  always  one  or  two  people  you 
want  to  push  out  the  back  of  the  van  after 
ten  hours,"  says  water  polo's  Brent  Lenz, 
"but  we  usually  have  a  good  time." 

Back  at  the  pool,  Duke  pulls  to  within 
one  early  in  the  third  period,  but  the  Blue 
Devils  are  in  trouble.  Two  of  the  players 
have  received  three  penalties  in  the  game, 
earning  them  automatic  ejections.  Duke  is 
down  to  few  substitutes  and,  in  a  game  that 
requires  almost  superhuman  endurance, 
energy  is  running  low.  With  just  one  more 
period  to  go,  the  Blue  Devils  trail,  14-10. 

In  the  fourth  period,  exhaustion  rules. 
Neither  team  can  muster  much  of  an  effort 
to  play  defense,  so  goals  come  almost  as 
fast  as  the  two  teams  can  swim  up  and 
down  the  pool.  After  a  great  point-blank 
save  by  Duke's  goalie  (a  rarity  indeed,  as 
goalie  seems  to  be  a  rather  thankless — and 
hopeless — position),  Benson  makes  a 
superb  individual  move.  He  splits  two 
defenders  with  a  sudden  burst  of  speed  and 
scores  easily.  Moments  later,  Lenz  skips  a 
long  shot  off  the  surface  of  the  pool  and 
into  the  back  of  the  net,  closing  Duke  to 
within  three  in  the  final  minutes.  But  the 
Blue  Devils  simply  don't  have  the  energy 
to  swim  back  on  defense,  and  Rockville 
puts  the  game  away  with  breakaways. 

The  final  score  is  22-15.  Lenz  and  his 
teammates  drag  themselves  out  of  the  pool  as 
the  players  from  UNC  dive  in  for  their  game. 
It's  a  two-day  tourney,  so  Duke  will  be  back 
to  play  two  more  games  later  in  the  day,  and, 
if  they  do  well,  more  on  Sunday.  Lenz,  how- 
ever, thinks  he'll  sit  out  the  afternoon  ses- 
sion and  let  some  other  club  members  take 
up  the  slack.  He  unwraps  a  large  bandage 
that  protects  a  thumb  with  ligament  damage 
and  massages  his  tender  elbow,  both  casual- 
ties of  four  years  of  water  polo. 

It's  about  ten  in  the  morning,  a  time 
when  the  majority  of  campus  is  still  sleeping 
off  the  previous  night's  antics.  Lenz  is  dis- 
appointed that  Duke  lost,  citing  the  ab- 
sence of  one  of  the  team's  better  players,  the 
ejection  of  his  two  teammates,  and  his  own 
aches  and  pains.  Like  most  club  athletes, 
though,  he  wouldn't  change  a  thing.  ■ 

Toumsend  is  a  frequent  contributor  to  the 
magazine. 


r- 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


STILL  DANCING 
AT  SIXTY 


The  American  Dance  Festival  cele- 
brates its  sixtieth  anniversary  this 
summer  with  a  thoroughly  Ameri- 
can theme,  featuring  world  premieres  of 
ADF-commissioned  works  by  Merce  Cun- 
ningham, Laura  Dean,  Pilobolus  Dance 
Theatre,  and  Paul  Taylor,  in  addition  to 
hosting  engagements  by  the  Trisha  Brown 
Company,    Molissa    Fenley,    the    Dayton 


Celebration:  Merce  Cunningham  Dance  Company  to 
premiere  a  commissioned  work  for  ADF  anniversary 

Contemporary  Dance  Company,  and  Hub- 
bard Street  Dance  Chicago. 

The  first  of  a  two-year  celebration  of  the 
ADF's  six  decades  of  dancing,  the  season 
features  the  revival  of  a  series  of  classic 
American  modern  dances,  including  Helen 
Tamins'  How  Long  Brethren  and  Negiv 
Spirituals  performed  by  Dianne  Mclntyre, 
who  will  share  two  evenings  of  solo  dances 
with  Carol  Parker.  During  its  two-day  en- 
gagement at  ADF,  Chuck  Davis'  African- 


EARLY  DRAFTS  OF  'DARKNESS' 


ore  than  forty  years 
after  William  Sty- 
ron's  third  attempt  at 
his  first  novel,  published  in 
1951  as  Lie  Down  in  Darkness, 
the  early  typescripts  have  been 
published  in  facsimile  form  by 
Duke  Press. 

Once  thought  lost,  the  man- 
uscripts were  discovered  in 
1 980  in  the  files  of  one  of  Sty- 
ron's  former  literary  agents.  In 
the  preface  to  the  volume 
recently  published,  Styron 
wrote,  "It's  fascinating  for  me 
to  read,  for  the  first  time  in 
over  forty  years,  the  stumbling 
starts  toward  the  creation  of 
Lie  Down  in  Darkness.  These 
passages  show  how,  in  my 
early  twenties,  I  may  have 
been  in  possession  of  a  lumi- 
nous vision  for  a  novel  but 


how  it  was  a  luminosity 
clouded  by  much  indecision 
and  awkwardness." 

For  two  intense  years  in  the 
late  1940s,  Styron  agonized 
over  his  novel,  starting  twice, 
and  even  relocating  twice — 
from  New  York  to  Durham 
and  back  again — in  an  unsuc- 
cessful attempt  to  find  the  right 
environment  for  the  birth  of 
his  prose.  His  third  attempt  at 
the  novel  won  the  prestigious 
Prix  de  Rome  and  established 
him  as  one  of  the  most 
promising  writers  of  his  gen- 
eration. 

Styron,  the  author  of 
Sophie's  Choice  and  the  f 

Pulitzer  Prize-winning  The 
Confessions  of  Nat  Turner, 
has  a  new  book,  A  Tidewater 
Morning,  coming  out  this  fall. 


William  Styron  '47  was  pro- 
filed in  the  September-October 
1984  issue  of  Dulce  Magazine. 


DliKE 


American   Dance   Ensemble   will  present 
the  traditional  Zairian  work  lyaya. 

Nightly  performances  by  professional 
dance  companies  are  supplemented  by  a 
variety  of  activities:  a  conference  of  interna- 
tional dance  critics,  a  choreographers'  work- 
shop, and  classes  in  all  aspects  of  dance 
technique.  The  festival  runs  from  June  10 
through  July  24- 


CONFRONTING 
RACISM 

The  Reverend  Jesse  Jackson  exhorted 
a  capacity  crowd  in  Duke  Chapel  in 
early  March  to  confront  racism  at 
all  levels  of  society  and  choose  either  "eth- 
nic diversity  or  ethnic  cleansing,  co-exis- 
tence or  co-annihilation." 

Part  history  lesson  and  part  sermon, 
Jackson's  hour-long  talk  focused  on  racial 
inequalities  and  tensions  in  politics,  sports, 
and  academe  that  he  said  divide  American 
society  along  color  lines.  Jackson  also  an- 
swered a  dozen  questions  from  the  mostly- 
student  audience  on  topics  ranging  from  free 
speech  to  abortion  to  African  nationalism. 

Jackson  cited  examples  of  racism  that 
date  back  to  the  founding  of  America, 
which  he  called  "a  nation  born  in  contra- 
diction and  populated  by  people  who  were 
victims  of  genocide."  He  traced  the  develop- 
ment of  racial  relations  in  America  through 
the  landmark  1954  Brown  v.  Topeka  Board 
of  Education  Supreme  Court  decision,  "when 
law  and  morality  married  for  the  first  time." 

Jackson  said  that  institutions  such  as 
Duke  have  a  responsibility  to  provide  a 
multicultural  education,  because  English  is 
a  minority  language  in  the  Western  hemi- 
sphere and  the  United  States  represents 
only  6  percent  of  the  world's  population. 
"Open  up  the  real  world  order,  and  let  the 
joy  and  the  love  come  in,"  Jackson  said. 

The  controversial  Leonard  Jeffries,  a 
black  studies  professor  at  the  City  College 
of  New  York  who  has  been  criticized  for 
allegedly  making  anti-Semitic  remarks, 
also  spoke  to  a  student  audience  in  March. 
Last  year,  Jeffries  was  stripped  of  his 
department  chairmanship  at  CCNY  fol- 
lowing a  speech  in  which  he  reportedly 
blamed  "rich"  Jews  for  financing  the  slave 
trade.  (A  court  ruling  in  May  favored  his 
reinstatement.)  In  his  Duke  talk,  he  insist- 


■June    1993 


ed  that  "Africa  is  the  birthplace  of  human- 
ity," and  decried  the  popular  conception  of 
history  "as  a  tradition  dominated  by  rich 
white  men  with  property  and  power." 

Jeffries'  speech  followed  several  weeks  of 
discussion  by  the  student  government  on 
whether  student  funds  should  be  used  to 
bring  him  to  Duke.  The  letters  and  op-ed 
pages  of  The  Chronicle  were  filled  with  stu- 
dent opinion.  In  one  issue,  Trinity  junior 
Wendy  Rosenberg  wrote  that  "Jeffries' 
messages  can  only  worsen  race  relations.... 
Why  bring  a  speaker  whose  speeches  are 
more  hateful  than  they  are  educational?" 
Trinity  freshman  Shavar  Jeffries  (no  rela- 
tion), who  sponsored  the  plan  to  bring  Jef- 
fries to  campus,  wrote,  "[Jeffries']  message 
is  of  Afrocentric  education  and  of  the 
understanding  of  the  true  nature  of  one's 
own  history." 

The  night  after  Jeffries'  speech,  a  forum 
of  black  and  Jewish  students  was  held  on 
campus,  attended  by  about  seventy  stu- 
dents. "Facilitators"  asked  participants  to 
consider  such  questions  as  the  factors  that 
make  their  group  distinctive,  the  ways  in 
which  they  thought  their  group  was  mis- 
understood, and  what  they  would  like  to 
learn  about  the  traditions  and  perspectives  of 
the  other  group.  The  event  was  an  impor- 
tant beginning  in  forming  positive  rela- 
tions between  blacks  and  Jews,  said  Engi- 


neering junior  Richard  Hardon,  president 
of  Kappa  Alpha  Psi,  a  black  fraternity. 


RECORDING 
WOMEN'S  VOICES 

Writer  and  feminist  Sallie  Bing- 
ham has  permanently  endowed 
the  position  of  women's  studies 
archivist  at  Duke's  Perkins  Library  in  the 
name  of  documenting  women's  voices  for 
future  research.  The  position,  which  is  the 
first  endowed  library  position  at  Duke,  is 
also  among  the  nation's  first  endowed 
women's  studies  archivists. 

Income  from  the  Women's  Studies  Ar- 
chives Endowment  Fund  will  be  used  to 
fund  up  to  50  percent  of  the  salary  and 
benefits  of  the  archivist  position,  now  held 
by  Virginia  Daley;  Duke's  Perkins  Library 
will  provide  the  other  50  percent.  The 
remainder  of  the  endowment  income  will 
be  used  to  support  programs,  conferences, 
and  projects  related  to  women's  archives. 

Bingham,  who  established  the  Kentucky 
Foundation  for  Women  Inc.,  is  a  well- 
known  author  of  short  stories,  plays  and 
novels,  including  last  year's  Small  Victories 
and  her  latest  novel,  Upstate,  set  for  June 
publication.  Her  writings  often  examine 


issues  of  power,  patriarchy,  and  women's 
roles  in  family  and  society. 

Bingham  donated  her  papers  to  the 
Duke  collection  several  years  ago.  Since 
1988,  she  also  has  provided  funding  assis- 
tance on  an  annual  basis  for  the  women's 
studies  archivist  position.  Her  concerns 
about  documenting  the  lives  of  women  of 
diverse  backgrounds  coincide  with  goals  of 
librarians  and  the  women's  studies  pro- 
gram at  Duke,  says  Robert  Byrd,  assistant 
university  librarian  and  director  of  special 
collections.  "We  share  with  Sallie  Bing- 
ham and  others  an  interest  in  making  sure 
that  women's  experiences  and  perspectives 
are  well-documented.  Women's  voices 
have  not  had  the  level  of  access  to  institu- 
tional documentation  and  preservation 
that  they  should  have." 

Archivist  Daley  says  she  was  impressed 
from  the  start  with  Duke's  collection  of 
women's  materials,  which  includes  the 
papers  of  plantation  women,  political 
activists,  authors,  educators,  nurses,  home- 
makers,  and  blue-collar  workers.  "Duke  is 
especially  strong  in  Southern  women  writers 
such  as  Sallie  Bingham,  Anne  Tyler  '61, 
Josephine  Humphreys  '67,  Blanche  Boyd, 
and  Carson  McCullers,  as  well  as  women's 
organizations  like  the  Southeast  Women's 
Employment  Coalition,  Women-In-Action 
Inc.,  and  the  Durham  YWCA,"  Daley  says. 


WHEN  YOU'RE  NAMED  FOR 

JLf  ?W  «3Ei  U                            ■ 

1                   '«'4JvTOfflK*    V             1 

DURHAM'S  MOST  FAMOUS  FAMILY, 
YOU'RE  EXPECTED  TO  BE  SPECIAL 

1 

'    TB&rar  f        1  . 

1 

flp*    4            J  - 

Since  the  late  1800s,  the  Duke  family  name 

I 

i 

has  been  closely  associated  with  excellence 
and  achievement.  Today  the  tradition  con- 
tinues at  the  Washington  Duke  Inn  &  Golf 
Club.  Situated  at  the  edge  of  Duke  Univer- 

HI 

iJli-w   fi      i 

id?^  IV     \\ 

sity's  campus,  Durham's  first  deluxe  hotel 
offers  171  luxurious  guest  rooms  and  suites. 

•    fit               ,UJSi      J J, 

Enjoy  international  fine  dining  at  the  Fairview 
Restaurant.  Relax  with  a  drink  and  good 

conversation  at  the  Bull  Durham  Bar.  And, 

although  the  Duke  University  golf  course 
will  be  undergoing  a  facelift,  golfers  can  look 
forward  to  the  grand  re-opening  of  a  more 
beautiful  and  improved  course  in  Spring  1994. 

"  '                               **                             V 

Whether  you're  visiting  the  university  or 

planning  a  getaway  you'll  feel  like  a  special 
guest  in  a  gracious  Southern  home.  Call  us 
at  (919)  490-0999  or  (800)  443-3853. 

^#f>.#|k      ■ 

^P 

v   N  *           - 

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Washington  Duke 
ffi)                   Inn  &  Golf  Club                        • 

oxDrrfeSr    30C"  Cameron  Boulevard  •  Durham.  NC  2770o    <£tipijri 
c*^!      (919) 490-0999 'Fax  (919)  688-0105        As 

DUKE   MAGAZINE 


"We  are  weaker  in  materials  documenting 
African-American  women  and  lesbian  cul- 
ture. So,  based  on  existing  strengths  and 
weaknesses,  we  know  some  of  the  areas  on 
which  we  want  to  concentrate." 


FIGURING  OUT 
FINANCIAL  AID 


More  than  3,115  applicants  to 
Duke  received  their  acceptance 
letters  in  early  April.  Under  nor- 
mal circumstances,  these  mailings  would 
have  also  included  financial  aid  packages. 
But  because  of  several  new  federal  regula- 
tions, many  students  and  their  parents  will 
have  less  information  than  usual  when 
they  make  their  final  college  choices. 

James  A.  Belvin  Jr.,  Duke's  director  of 
financial  aid,  says  that  several  factors — 
new  federal  aid  guidelines,  revision  of  gov- 
ernment application  forms  for  financial 
aid,  tight  deadlines  for  fall  admissions 
acceptance,  and  a  general  concern  over 
the  cost  of  college — are  going  to  produce 
more  than  confusion  and  frustration  this 
year.  "I  think  we  may  see  a  tidal  wave  of 
anger  misdirected  at  colleges  and  universi- 
ties," he  says. 

Last  July,  Congress  passed  the  Higher 
Education  Act,  which  significantly  changed 
the  scope,  eligibility  requirements,  and  aid 
levels  of  many  federal  financial  aid  pro- 
grams. Those  changes  became  effective 
this  year,  meaning  that  colleges  and  uni- 
versities had  only  a  few  months — from  last 
summer  until  last  fall — to  digest  the  new 
federal  regulations,  prepare  printed  materi- 
als, and  distribute  them  to  applicants  in 
time  for  this  year's  admissions  cycle. 

Unfortunately,  Belvin  says,  the  govern- 
ment's efforts  to  simplify  the  federal  finan- 
cial aid  application  form  have  had  the 
opposite  effect:  The  new  form  does  not 
provide  sufficient  information  for  use  by 
those  schools  that  administer  their  own 
financial  aid  programs.  Some  private  uni- 
versities, including  Duke,  were  forced  to 
require  prospective  students  to  complete  a 
second  financial  aid  application  with  addi- 
tional information. 

Consequently,  Belvin  says,  even  students 
who  promptly  submitted  their  applications 
for  college  and  university  internal  finan- 
cial aid  programs  may  not  have  received 
their  awards  by  the  time  they  must  decide 
which  school  to  attend. 

Belvin  says  that  most  of  the  complica- 
tions from  this  year's  financial  aid  cycle 
were  unnecessary.  Schools  and  families 
would  have  had  time  to  adapt  to  the  new 
regulations  if  they  had  taken  effect  in 
1994,  he  says. 


Simon  says:  his  new  play  will  premiere  at  Duke 


BROADWAY 
BOUND 


Pulitzer  Prize-winning  playwright  Neil 
Simon's  latest  work  will  premiere  at 
Duke  in  October  before  it  opens  on 
Broadway  in  November.  Produced  by  long- 
time Simon  collaborator  Emanuel  Azenberg, 
Laughter  on  the  23rd  Floor  will  be  directed 
by  Tony  Award-winner  Jerry  Zaks,  whose 
credits  include  Anything  Goes,  Six  Degrees 
of  Separation,  and  the  current  Broadway  hit 
Guys  and  Dolls.  Heading  the  cast  is 
Nathan  Lane,  who  starred  on  Broadway  as 
Nathan  Detroit  in  Gu^s  and  Dolls  and  in 
the  films  Frankie  and  Johnny  and  Ironweed. 

According  to  Richard  Riddell,  project 
director  and  director  of  Duke's  drama  pro- 
gram, students  from  all  majors  will  be 
invited  to  participate  as  interns  on  the 
production.  The  drama  program  will  coor- 
dinate academic  credit. 

"What's  important  about  Laughter  on  the 
23rd  Floor  coming  to  Duke,"  says  Riddell, 
"is  that  it  allows  students  the  chance  to 
work  side-by-side  with  dedicated  profes- 
sionals of  the  highest  quality  while  they 
develop  a  new  play.  For  a  period  of  time, 
you  could  say  Duke  has  a  professional  lab- 
oratory for  students  interested  in  drama." 

Laughter  on  the  23rd  Floor  is  the  second 
Neil  Simon  play  to  premiere  at  Duke; 
Broadway  Bound,  starring  Linda  Lavin, 
premiered  in  1986.  Laughter  focuses  on  a 
group  of  young  New  York  comedy  writers 
working  on  early  live  television  shows. 
Evening  performances  will  be  held  in 
Reynolds  Industries  Theater  at  8  p.m. 
October  16-30,  with  matinees  on  October 
17,  24,  and  30  at  3  p.m.  For  tickets,  call 
(919)  684-4444. 


HANDLING 
HARASSMENT 


The  faculty's  Academic  Council  voted 
in  April  to  endorse  a  harassment 
policy  that  achieved  consensus  on 
issues  such  as  academic  freedom  and  due 
process  that  had  threatened  to  derail  the 
policy  earlier  this  year.  Initially  written 
specifically  to  cover  sexual  harassment,  the 
policy  now  covers  all  forms  of  harassment. 

The  definition  now  states  that  harass- 
ment can  take  one  of  two  forms — sexual 
coercion  or  "the  creation  of  a  hostile  or 
intimidating  environment,  in  which  ver- 
bal, physical,  or  other  expression,  because 
of  its  severity  and/or  persistence,  is  likely 
to  interfere  with  an  individual's  work,  educa- 
tion, or  participation  in  a  university  activi- 
ty or  adversely  affect  an  individual's  living 
conditions." 

According  to  the  new  policy,  harass- 
ment claims  should  first  be  mediated  infor- 
mally with  the  assistance  of  a  harassment 
policy  coordinator  hired  to  educate  the 
campus  about  the  policy,  which  will  be 
reviewed  in  two  years.  If  a  formal  com- 
plaint is  filed,  it  will  be  reviewed  by  a  hear- 
ing board  composed  of  faculty,  students, 
and  staff  who  are  part  of  a  thirty-member 
grievance  board.  The  panel  will  recom- 
mend sanctions  against  any  individual  who 
is  found  guilty  of  harassment,  but  the  re- 
sponsible administrator  will  have  the  final 
word  in  implementing  the  recommenda- 
tion. All  decisions  may  be  appealed,  and 
grievances  must  be  filed  within  one  year  of 
the  date  of  the  most  recent  complaint. 

Kathleen  Smith,  chair  of  the  presiden- 
tial task  force  on  harassment  and  associate 
professor  of  biological  anthropology  and 
anatomy,  says  that  a  faculty  committee 
determined  last  year  that  the  current 
harassment  policy  was  unworkable.  The 
committee  called  it  a  "stealth"  policy  that 
left  students  and  faculty  alike  unsure  of 
how  to  handle  complaints.  The  failure  to 
have  a  working  policy  in  place  leaves  the 
university  and  faculty,  staff,  and  students 
vulnerable,  Smith  says. 


PRESERVING 
ADVERTISING 


The  first  national  conference  devoted 
to  preserving  and  using  the  history 
of  advertising,  held  at  Duke  in 
March,  addressed  reasons  and  methods  for 
using  advertising  and  related  documenta- 
tion that  are  part  of  the  national  heritage. 
Some  forty  corporate  archivists,  agency 
and  client  executives,  journalists,  and  uni- 
versity professors  participated  at  the  con- 


May-]une    1995 


45 


ference,  supported  by  a  grant  from  the 
National  Archives'  National  Historical 
Publications  and  Records  Commission. 

The  conference  was  co-chaired  by  Duke 
trustee  Roy  Bostock  '62,  chairman  and  CEO 
of  D'Arcy,  Masius,  Benton  &  Bowles,  and 
DeWitt  Helm,  president  of  the  Associa- 
tion of  National  Advertisers. 

Ellen  Gartrell,  director  of  the  Center  for 
Sales,  Advertising,  and  Marketing  History 
at  Duke,  says  the  conference  was  signifi- 
cant because  of  its  interdisciplinary  appeal. 
"This  is  the  first  national  effort  to  bring  to- 


gether people  from  the  industry,  the  schol- 
arly world,  and  the  keepers  of  the  materials 
from  libraries  and  archives  to  talk  about 
the  role  of  advertising  in  society,"  she  says, 
and  "how  documentation  of  it  can  benefit 
both  business  and  cultural  studies." 

The  center  was  formed  last  fall  by 
Duke's  Special  Collections  Library  and 
publications  executive  John  Hartman  '44 
as  a  national  resource  for  the  study  of  the 
historical  and  social  roles  of  sales,  market- 
ing, and  advertising.  The  center  builds  its 
holdings    around    Duke's   strong   archival 


collection  in  advertising  history,  including 
more  than  2,000  linear  feet  of  corporate 
archives  from  the  J.  Walter  Thompson 
Company. 


ENGINEERING  WOMEN'S  SUCCESSES  IN  SCIENCE 


uke  senior  Josiane 
Wolff  recently  found 
herself  caught  in  an 

situation,  one  she 
might  have  ignored  had  she 
been  comfortable  with  the 
dynamics  of  the  laboratory 
environment  where  she  is  an 
electrical  engineering  major. 
"Yesterday  I  was  in  the  lab 
and  my  shirt  button  popped 
and  I  used  an  electrical  resistor 
to  reattach  my  shirt,"  says 
Wolff.  But  she  was  afraid  to  a 
share  a  laugh  with  her  class- 
mates. "I  really  couldn't  tell  a 
soul,"  she  says,  "because  they 
were  all  men." 

Wolff  is  a  resourceful  and 
gifted  engineer  who  is  immers- 
ing herself  at  Duke  in  fields 
traditionally  populated  by 
white  males.  This  semester,  she 
is  working  with  lasers  in  an 
independent  study  project 
supervised  by  assistant  profes- 


Setting  her  sights:  after  degrees  in 
engineering  and  physics,  Wolff  is 
looking  to  electro-optics 

sor  of  physics  Daniel  Gauthier. 
She  realizes  that  the  playing 
field  is  still  not  completely  level 
for  women  in  science  and  engi- 
neering. 

"You  get  lonely  sometimes," 
says  Wolff,  who  was  secretary 
of  the  Duke  Society  of  Women 
Engineers  during  her  freshman 
year.  "The  men  here  are  very 
supportive,  and  I  haven't  come 
up  with  any  blatant  sexism. 
But  there  have  been  some 
hints  of  it. 

"It's  just  the  older  generation 
that  believes  women  have  a 
specific  role  and  that  the  life 
of  an  engineer  is  not  suitable 
for  a  mother.  But  the  world  is 
changing.  Although  I  want  to 
be  a  mother  and  a  good  wife, 
I  think  I  can  make  use  of 


all  my  talents." 

Wolff,  whose  parents  are 
from  Haiti,  grew  up  in  north- 
ern New  Jersey.  Though  her 
father  is  a  banker  and  her 
mother  a  medical  secretary, 
she  says  the  strongest  of  her 
diverse  academic  interests,  in 
science  and  mathematics,  pos- 
sibly stem  from  the  engineer- 
ing backgrounds  of  several  of 
her  uncles  and  cousins. 

After  completing  her  engi- 
neering and  physics  degrees  at 
Duke,  Wolff  plans  to  pursue  a 
Ph.D.  in  electro-optics.  She  has 
applied  to  the  laser  programs  at 
Cornell  University  and  the 
University  of  Pennsylvania, 
and  will  begin  an  internship 
with  Corning  this  summer, 
under  the  terms  of  a  full- 
tuition  scholarship  from  the 
National  Consortium  for  Grad- 
uate Degrees  for  Minorities  in 
Engineering  and  Science  Inc. 

Her  diverse  interests  also 
reach  beyond  the  realm  of  sci- 
ence: Wolff  plays  piano  and 
composes  Caribbean-accented 
music,  is  a  founding  member 
of  the  Duke-based  Students  of 
the  Caribbean,  sings  in  the 
Modern  Black  Mass  Choir,  has 
acted  in  a  pre-Broadway  work- 
shop that  tested  the  script  for 
1492,  has  participated  in  sev- 
eral Christian  fellowship  orga- 
nizations, and  works  with 
deprived  children  in 
Durham — a  small  city  with  its 
share  of  urban  problems. 

Yet  it  is  her  work  in  engi- 
neering that  gives  her  the 
greatest  opportunity  to  over- 
come the  traditional  obstacles 
for  minorities  and  women  in 
her  field.  "In  my  [electrical] 
engineering  class,  I  think  I'm 
the  only  black  woman,"  she 
says.  "But  I  love  the  challenge 
of  slapping  the  world  in  the 
face,  of  taking  them  up  on 
their  dare:  'I  dare  you  to  be  an 
engineer.  I  dare  you  to  be  a 
double  major.' " 


PROTEIN  LINKED  TO 
ALZHEIMER'S 


Researchers  at  Duke  Medical  Center 
have  found  a  third  genetic  risk  fac- 
tor that  may  predispose  people  to 
developing  the  most  common  form  of 
Alzheimer's  disease,  the  type  that  develops 
in  old  age.  Until  now,  the  only  other 
known  biological  factors  associated  with 
risk  of  this  type  of  Alzheimer's  disease 
were  age  and  female  gender.  Four  million 
Americans  now  have  Alzheimer's  disease, 
a  degenerative  ailment  that  produces  a 
progressive  dementia. 

The  researchers  say  that  the  higher  risk 
of  Alzheimer's  is  associated  with  inheriting 
one  variant  form  of  a  common  gene  that 
produces  a  protein  that  transports  choles- 
terol in  the  central  nervous  system.  The 
gene  is  the  blueprint  for  the  protein  called 
apolipoprotein-E  (apo-E). 

Although  one  copy  of  the  gene,  known 
as  apo-E4,  is  found  in  less  than  a  third  of 
the  general  population,  the  researchers  dis- 
covered it  in  more  than  half  the  patients 
they  studied  in  families  with  late  onset 
familial  Alzheimer's  disease  (FAD).  They 
also  found  one  copy  of  the  gene  in  64  per- 
cent of  patients  they  studied  who  had  died 
from  the  sporadic  type  of  the  disease,  the 
most  common  form. 

"Alzheimer's  disease  behaves  as  a  com- 
plex genetic  disease,  like  coronary  disease, 
which  now  has  several  risk  factors  associat- 
ed with  it,"  says  the  study's  principal  inves- 
tigator, physician  Allen  E.  Roses,  chief  of 
neurology  at  Duke  and  director  of  the 
Joseph  and  Kathleen  Bryan  Alzheimer's 
Disease  Research  Center. 

The  research  offers  a  new  direction  for 
Alzheimer's  disease  research  because  scien- 
tists had  not  known  that  the  gene  and  its 
protein  product  were  associated  with  the 
disease.  This  knowledge  may  provide  in- 
sight into  future  therapies  for  Alzheimer's, 
the  Duke  investigators  say. 


POMP  AND 
CIRCUMSTANCE 


nder  cloudless  skies,  honorary- 
degree  recipient  and  commence- 
ment speaker  Bill  Bradley,  Democ- 
ratic senator  from  New  Jersey,  challenged 
Duke's  nearly  3,000  graduates  to  break  the 
cycle   of  "detachment   and   denial"   that 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


Graduation  talk:  trustee  Judy  Woodruff '68  with 
Commencement  speaker  Seiwtor  Bill  Bradley 


threatens  the  futuie  of  the  United  States. 
In  his  May  16  address,  Bradley  cited  the 
Fleetwood  Mac  song  often  heard  during 
the  presidential  campaign,  "Don't  Stop 
Thinking  About  Tomorrow,"  but  said  that, 
contrary  to  the  song's  message,  increasing 
debt,  the  plight  of 
the  nation's  children, 
and  problems  in  ur- 
ban areas  make  it 
obvious  that  Ameri- 
cans have  been  liv- 
ing for  today  rather 
than  thinking  about 
the  future. 

"We've  allowed 
ourselves  to  become 
isolated  from  each 
other,  locked  in  our 
own  world  with  less  and  less  of  a  common 
language,  unwilling  to  go  into  the  public 
square  together,"  Bradley  said.  "Govern- 
ment, in  all  its  human  vulnerability,  got  us 
into  some  of  these  problems.  But  not  all  of 
them.  Some  of  them  are  your  individual 
responsibility  alone,  and  it'll  take  govern- 
ment and  each  of  us  to  get  us  out." 

Bradley,  who  as  a  senator  has  been  promi- 
nent in  tax  reform  discussions,  said  that 
increasing  debt  and 
the  deficit  thteatens 
to  reduce  American 
incomes  by  40  per- 
cent by  the  year 
2020.  "The  time  for 
magic  cures  and  fan- 
ciful theories  is  past. 
It's  back  to  basics," 
Bradley  said.  "Reduc- 
ing the  debt  to  regain 
control  of  our  lives 
and  our  economic  fu- 
ture will  test  the  civil- 
ity and  knowledge  of 
our  people  as  nothing 
has  before....  Still,  it 
must  be  done." 

A  total  of  1,428 
undergraduate  stu- 
dents and  1,553  grad- 
uate and  professional 
students  received 
their  degrees  from 
Provost  Thomas  A. 
Langford  B.D.  '54,  Ph.D.  '58,  who  presided 
over  the  ceremony  in  the  absence  of  Presi- 
dent H.  Keith  H.  Brodie,  who  was  ill.  In 
addition  to  Bradley,  who  received  an  hon- 
orary doctor  of  laws,  four  other  honorary 
degrees  were  awarded. 

Sylvia  Alice  Earle  A.M.  '56,  Ph.D.  '66, 
marine  biologist,  oceanographer,  and  con- 
servationist, received  an  honorary  doctor 
of  science  degree  for  dedicating  her  life  "to 
exploring  and  preserving  the  seas  around 
us."  According  to  the  honorary  degree  cita- 


tion, Earle  has  led  more  than  fifty  expedi- 
tions involving  5,000  research  hours  under 
water,  and  has  set  numerous  solo  records, 
including  the  deepest  dive  ever  made  in  a 
diving  suit  with  no  connection  to  the  sur- 
face. 

David  Alan  Ham- 
burg, physician,  sci- 
entist, educator,  and 
public  policy  leader, 
was  awarded  an  hon- 
orary doctor  of  hu- 
mane letters.  Ham- 
burg's award  cited 
5  him  for  "pioneering 
<  work  in  the  biology 
I  of  mental  illness," 
and  recognized  his 
achievements  as  pres- 
ident of  both  the  Institute  of  Medicine  and 
the  Carnegie  Corporation. 

Juanita  Morris  Kreps  A.M.  '44,  Ph.D. 
'48  was  recognized  with  an  honorary  doc- 
tor of  laws  degree  for  her  "groundbreaking 
scholarship  in  the  economics  of  aging  and 
for  [her]  early  contributions  to  the  study  of 
women  in  the  labor  force."  Kreps'  citation 
also  recognized  her  as  dean  of  the  Woman's 
College,  as  Duke's  first  female  James  B. 
Duke  Professor  and 
first  female  vice 
president,  and,  in 
the  Carter  adminis- 
tration, the  first 
woman  to  be  named 
Secretary  of  Com- 
merce. 

William  James 
Raspberry,  journalist 
and  nationally  syndi- 
cated columnist,  was 
given  an  honorary 
doctor  of  humane 
letters  degree.  Rasp- 
berry's award  cited 
him  for  having  deliv- 
ered an  "eloquent 
message  of  personal 
responsibility  as  the 
universal  path  to  the 
American  dream"  for 
more  than  a  quarter 
of  a  century  and  for 
reporting  on  civil 
rights  at  The  Washington  Post  and,  in  his 
widely-read  column,  commenting  on 
national  concerns  of  drug  abuse,  criminal 
justice,  minority  issues,  and  education. 


IN  BRIEF 

■  Two  Duke  law  professors  squared  off 
in  April  before  the  U.S.  Supreme  Court  to 
argue  opposing  sides  of  a  case  involving 


congressional  redistricting  in  North  Caro- 
lina. Jefferson  Powell  defended  the  draw- 
ing of  the  district,  saying  it  was  intended 
to  ensure  election  of  a  black  candidate. 
Robinson  Everett  represented  the  plain- 
tiffs, including  Duke  law  professor  Melvin 
Shimm,  arguing  that  the  district  as  drawn 
amounted  to  legal  segtegation.  It  was  the 
first  time  for  both  before  the  high  court, 
and  is  believed  to  be  the  first  time  ever 
that  two  faculty  members  from  the  same 
law  school  argued  against  each  other 
before  the  Supreme  Court. 

S  Administrative  responsibilities  in  the 
Allen  Building  will  be  reassigned  following 
the  departure  of  several  senior  administra- 
tors. Malcolm  Gillis,  dean  of  the  faculty  of 
arts  and  sciences,  will  become  president  of 
Rice  University  on  July  1,  replacing 
George  Rupp,  who  will  take  the  same  posi- 
tion at  Columbia  University.  Thomas 
Dixon,  vice  president  for  administrative 
services,  is  leaving  for  DePauw  University. 
His  responsibilities  will  be  subsumed  by 
Richard  Siemer,  director  of  Duke's  inter- 
nal audit  office.  Paula  Phillips  Burger  '67, 
A.M.  '74,  executive  vice  provost,  will 
become  vice  provost  for  academic  pro- 
grams at  Johns  Hopkins  University.  Her 
husband,  Duke  pathology  professor  Peter 
Burger,  has  accepted  an  appointment  at 
Hopkins.  Margaret  Rouse  Bates  '63,  vice 
provost,  will  become  Harvard  University's 
academic  and  financial  planning  office!. 
Her  husband,  Duke  political  scientist 
Robert  Bates,  has  been  appointed  professor 
of  government  at  Harvard. 

■  Caroline  Bruzelius,  art  department 
chair  and  professor  of  art  and  art  history, 
has  been  appointed  the  new  director  of  the 
American  Academy  in  Rome.  She  will 
serve  a  five-and-a-half-year  term  begin- 
ning January  1,  1994-  As  director,  she  will 
be  responsible  tor  overseeing  the  programs 
of  the  academy,  which  is  in  its  ninety- 
eighth  year.  The  academy  operates  a  re- 
search library  and  sponsors  programs  in  fel- 
lowships, archaeology,  and  summer  study 
as  well  as  concerts,  lectures,  and  symposia. 
Bruzelius  has  also  been  awarded  a  Ful- 
bright  grant  in  Italy  for  the  fall  of  1993. 

■  History  professor  Andrew  Gordon  was 
featured  in  a  series  of  news  accounts  in 
Japan  and  the  U.S.  that  teported  the  wed- 
ding of  Harvard-educated  Masako  Owada 
to  Japanese  Ctown  Prince  Naruhito. 
Owada  was  Gordon's  research  assistant  for 
a  semester  while  he  was  teaching  at  Har- 
vard. Gordon  says  that  the  engagement 
could  set  back  the  women's  movement  in 
Japan  by  reinforcing  traditional  social  roles 
over  career  accomplishments. 


May-June    J993 


BRODIE 

Continued  from  page  7 

that  Brodie  "doesn't  view  the  university  in 
terms  of  a  corporate  model.  He  has  a  good 
understanding  of  the  values  of  a  university, 
of  the  fundamental  importance  of  educa- 
tion and  research." 

Brodie  revealed  something  of  his  under- 
standing in  a  June  1990  speech  to  the  heads 
of  private  secondary  schools.  He  focused  on 
the  "not  unrealistic"  fear  that  the  scholar- 
ship and  teaching  missions  of  the  American 
university  "will  become  subverted  and 
eclipsed."  Despite  the  pleasure  of  Duke's 
national  rankings,  "we  can't  help  but  wince 
when  the  university  is  referred  to  in  the  raw 
language  of  the  marketplace  as  one  of  the 
'true  educational  conglomerates,'  a  'brand 
name'  with  a  high  recognition  factor  among 
consumers."  Universities,  he  said,  have  to  be 
wary  of  succumbing  to  an  "inappropriate 
competitive  ethic."  "Superstar"  research  pro- 
fessors should  be  equipped  to  contribute  to 
the  teaching  mission  of  an  institution.  And 
"when  college  sports  are  viewed  as  a  profit- 
making  enterprise,  and  when  athletic  schol- 
arships are  regarded  more  as  tools  of  the 
trade  in  a  business  venture  than  as  educa- 
tional opportunities,  then  we  find  ourselves 
faced  with  a  perversion,  a  misuse  of  an  oth- 
erwise beneficial  form  of  competition." 

In  many  of  his  talks,  and  many  of  his 
actions  as  president,  Brodie  has  addressed 
the  theme  of  tolerance.  Mary  D.B.T. 
Semans  '39,  who  chairs  The  Duke  Endow- 
ment, calls  Brodie  "a  champion  of  the 
cause  of  inclusiveness.  He  cares  a  lot  about 
human  relations  and,  in  facing  up  to  issues 
like  the  need  for  minority  representation 
on  campus,  he  has  set  a  good  tone  at 
Duke."  According  to  administrator 
Leonard  Beckum,  Brodie  has  brought 
"insight  and  compassion"  to  discussions 
about  diversity.  "He  has  been  a  constant 
supporter  of  broadening  and  diversifying 
the  student  body  at  Duke.  He  never 
accepted  the  fear  that  by  stressing  diversi- 
ty, Duke  would  be  attracting  weaker  stu- 
dents. And  the  record  speaks  for  itself. 
Duke  has  become  ever  more  desirable  for 
prospective  students." 

Beckum  believes  that  the  presidential 
push  to  promote  diversity  has  diminished 
Duke's  problems  of  racial  strife  and  self- 
segregation.  (Duke  has  had  two  black  stu- 
dent government  presidents  in  a  row,  he 
points  out.)  As  vice  president  and  vice 
provost,  Beckum  is  the  first  black  to 
assume  a  top  post  in  Duke's  administra- 
tion; Janet  Smith  Dickerson,  vice  presi- 
dent for  student  affairs,  also  hired  by 
Brodie,  is  the  second. 

In  his  freshman-orientation  addresses, 
Brodie  has  brought  his  perspective  as  a 
psychiatrist  to  issues  that  at  once  hit  and 


transcend  the  campus,  including  racism, 
homophobia,  and  acquaintance  rape.  "Uni- 
versity presidents  don't  typically  talk  about 
moral  issues,"  says  Will  Willimon,  the  uni- 
versity minister.  "As  somebody  in  the 
morals  business,  I  think  this  is  wonderful." 

When  this  year's  senior  class  went 
through  freshman  orientation,  Brodie 
offered  this  message:  "It  has  been  a  trou- 
bling acknowledgment  for  this  university — 
and  for  other  American  colleges  and  uni- 
versities— to  make,  that  in  this  privileged 
enclave  where  we  talk  about  and  think 
about  and  teach  the  lessons  of  humane 
learning,  we  have  not  necessarily  been  edu- 
cating our  community  in  attitudes  of  toler- 
ance and  humility.  We  have  come  to  realize 
that  we  must  be  explicit,  that  the  naturally 
broadening  and  civilizing  process  of  a  liber- 
al arts  education  is  not  enough,  by  itself,  to 
accomplish  the  goals  of  community  we 
have  set  before  us.  We  must  engage  intoler- 
ance and  inhumanity  openly  and  publicly, 
as  a  community,  at  every  opportunity." 

Brodie  was  even  drawn  into  a  dispute,  in 
February  1990,  over  a  Playboy  feature  on 
"The  Girls  of  the  ACC."  He  said  the  fea- 
ture, which  included  some  Duke  under- 
graduate women,  showed  "extremely  ques- 
tionable taste.  The  ACC  is  an  athletic 
conference,  not  a  modeling  agency,  and 
the  focus  of  a  feature  like  this  is  demean- 
ing to  women  in  the  ACC,  especially  since 
some  of  them  rank  among  the  nation's 
best  collegiate  athletes."  He  added:  "While 
a  decision  to  pose  for  such  photographs 
should  rightfully  be  left  up  to  the  individ- 
ual women  involved,  I  do  not  believe  Play- 
boy's general  portrayal  of  women  is  in 
keeping  with  the  ideals  of  any  educational 
institution." 

Some  faculty  members  fault  Brodie  for 
being  geared  too  much  toward  "socializa- 
tion" issues  and  too  little  toward  academic 
priorities.  They  are  particularly  critical  of  a 
freshman-orientation  program  called  "A 
Vision  for  Duke"  (originally  "Duke's 
Vision").  Begun  in  1989  by  the  residential 
life  staff,  the  program  is  meant  to  promote 
multicultural  understanding.  Physics  profes- 
sor Lawrence  Evans  reacted  with  the  com- 
ment that  "a  fair  amount  of  the  unfortunate 
incivility  surrounding  questions  of  differ- 
ences among  groups  is  caused  by  people  try- 
ing to  tell  others  what  they  should  think." 
Psychology  professor  John  Staddon  lauded 
Brodie  for  his  "kindness  and  fundamental 
decency"  in  a  May  "Faculty  Newsletter" 
(which  he  edits),  but  added:  "Keith  has 
sometimes  seemed... influenced  by  those 
who  see  [the  university]  as  an  engine  of 
social  action  organized  along  therapeutic 
lines,  with  the  president  as  self-appointed 
spokesperson  for  hot-button  social  issues, 
be  they  racial  sensitivity  training,  the  causes 
of  the  LA.  riots,  or  gays  in  the  military." 


(A  year  ago,  Brodie  signed  a  resolution, 
sponsored  by  the  American  Civil  Liberties 
Union,  that  demanded  an  end  to  the  ban 
on  homosexuals  in  the  military.  He  rein- 
forced his  stance  in  a  letter  to  Bill  Clinton 
shortly  after  last  November's  election.) 

In  January,  Brodie,  presenting  his  last 
official  report  to  the  Academic  Council, 
focused  on  Duke's  so-called  black  faculty 
initiative.  The  faculty,  back  in  1988,  had 
passed  a  resolution  requiring  each  of 
Duke's  fifty-six  departments  to  hire  at  least 
one  black  professor  by  this  fall,  or  docu- 
ment why  it  couldn't.  Since  then,  nine- 
teen new  black  professors  have  come  to 
campus;  but  fourteen  have  left — either 
retiring,  assuming  different  positions  at 
Duke,  or  moving  elsewhere  after  aggressive 
recruitment  by  other  universities. 

Calling  the  initiative  "an  important  issue 
for  me  as  president,"  Brodie,  in  his  January 
report,  urged  the  faculty  not  to  adopt  a 
defeatist  attitude.  "Now  is  not  the  time  to 
shake  our  heads  over  the  difficulties  and  pro- 
nounce that  we  'knew  all  along  it  couldn't 
be  done,'  "  he  said.  "Now  is  the  time  to  wrest 
insight  from  hindsight — to  review  what  we 
have  done,  to  consolidate  what  we  have 
learned,  and  to  go  forward  with  it.  The  reso- 
lution has  made  a  difference  at  Duke It 

has  made  the  issue  of  racial  supply  and 
demand  in  the  academic  marketplace  a  con- 
stant topic  not  just  for  discussion  but  for 
measurable  institutional  action." 

Evans  says  he  has  no  problem  with  the 
"impulse"  behind  the  initiative,  but  sees  it 
as  pointing  to  an  absence  of  deliberative 
policy-making.  "If  you  could  ever  get 
Brodie  where  he  thought  your  side  was  the 
moral  side,  you  won,  period.  So  everybody 
went  after  him  that  way.  He  was  not 
inclined  to  try  to  sort  things  out  through 
any  analysis  of  principle.  My  objection  to 
the  black  faculty  initiative  is  that  it  is  stu- 
pid. It  is  stupid  for  the  university  to  say  it 
is  going  to  do  what  it  knows  perfectly  well 
it  is  not  going  to  do,  because  it  can't. 
What  kind  of  leader  leads  you  into  some- 
thing he  can't  win?" 

But  it  may  be  through  his  moral  leader- 
ship— his  demonstrations  of  empathy  and 
his  eagerness  to  listen — that  Brodie  has 
made  his  most  lasting  mark  at  Duke.  To 
his  critics,  Keith  Brodie  was  less  than  a  vi- 
sionary president.  To  his  boosters,  he  was 
more  than  that;  he  was  a  teacher  president. 

Trustee  Sam  Cook,  president  of  Dillard 
College  in  New  Orleans,  commented  in  The 
Chronicle  about  Brodie's  "quiet  courage." 
He  is,  Cook  said,  "a  man  of  great  decency 
and  unpretentiousness."  And  to  former 
trustee  chair  Neil  Williams,  "Keith  has 
made  us  all  think  more  carefully  and  more 
actively  about  some  fundamental  values, 
about  the  character  of  our  relationships 
with  each  other."  ■ 


48 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


TWIDDLY  FISH 

Continued  from  page  1 1 

a  pressure-driven,  prehensile  robot  arm 
that  operated  with  grace,  power,  and  sim- 
plicity, and  without  hones  and  flexible 
joints,  says  Wainwright.  "It  worked  ten 
times  faster  than  mechanical  arms, 
weighed  one-tenth  as  much,  and  cost  one- 
hundredth  as  much." 

The  trunk-based  robot  was  a  vivid  lesson 
to  Wainwright  in  the  promise  of  bio- 
mimetics.  He  worries,  however,  that  the 
country's  educational  system  stifles  the 
creativity  necessary  to  launch  and  sustain 
such  revolutions.  In  his  undergraduate 
class  on  structures  at  Duke,  he's  doing  his 
part  to  unstifle  students  trained  to  sit  quietly 
in  neat  rows  of  desks  and 
repeat  rote  answers.  Wain- 
wright's  class  takes  place  in 
a  well-used  art  studio  on 
East  Campus,  where  nary 
a  straight  row  of  desks  can 
be  found.  Over  the  semes- 
ter, the  students  are  chal- 
lenged to  learn  structures 
of  all  kinds  by  actually 
building  and  experiencing 
them.  The  students  con- 
struct sturdy  towers  from 
newsprint,  explore  natural 
objects,  ponder  the  struc- 
tural complexity  of  a  danc- 
er, and  study  the  fluid,  con- 
templative movements  of 
a  Tai  Chi  expert. 

"We're  taking  college 
students  and  re-releasing 
them  into  kindergarten,  al- 
lowing them  to  do  things 
with  their  hands,  and  to 
add  their  hands  to  the  rest 
of  the  learning  computer — with  their  eyes 
and  ears,  mouth  and  brain,"  says  Wain- 
wright. He  finds  that  designing  and  build- 
ing simple  things  by  hand  is  a  powerful 
confidence-builder  for  reticent  students. 
"It's  interesting  to  watch  their  body-lan- 
guage when  they  come  in.  At  first,  they're 
nervous.  They  say,  'I'm  not  creative;  don't 
make  me  try  anything  because  I'm  really 
terrible.'  So  I  just  nod  and  look  at  them 
seriously  and  tell  them  to  sit  down  and 
we'll  see." 

As  a  recent  class  reveals,  Wainwright 
deftly  helps  the  students  to  the  important 
self-realization  that  they  are,  indeed,  very 
creative.  For  that  class,  Wainwright  had 
assigned  the  students  to  make  a  piece  of 
art  based  on  some  natural  object  that  they 
had  been  exploring.  The  results  are  charm- 
ing, witty,  and  insightful.  One  young  artist 
pens  an  evolutionary  series  of  drawings  in 
which  a  fish  transmogrifies  into  a  vacuum 
cleaner;  another  produces  a  collage  of  a  dog, 


"Your  hands  and  your 

sense  of  touch  are  really 

an  important  part  of  your 

whole  learning  computer. 

When  we're  in  there 

with  our  hands  dirty, 

making  things,  we're 

more  alive." 


Creature  features:  Pell's  fishy  prototype  link 


made  of  dog  kibble;  a  third  fashions  a  house 
out  of  a  green  pepper,  complete  with  rooms 
and  furniture.  Still  others  make  art  based 
on  trees,  leaves,  celery,  viruses,  peanut 
shells,  and  other  found  natural  objects. 

"No  kid  thinks  they've  done  well," 
Wainwright  says  about  students'  reactions 
to  such  assignments.  "They  come  in  hiding 
their  stuff  under  their  coats.  You  can  hear 
them  giving  excuses:  'Well,  if  I  hadn't 
waited  until  three  o'clock  this  morning  to 
start  this,  it'd  be  better.'  So,  they  put  their 
thing  out  there  with  everybody  else's,  and 
then  they  look  to  see  what  everybody  else 
did,  and  they  go,  'Wow!'  But  it  doesn't 
take  them  very  long  to  understand  that 
everyone  else's  'Wow!'  includes  their 
thing.  They  really  get  a  sense  of  collegiali- 
ty.  And  this  self-assurance  and  collegiality 
leads  to  motivation  to  do  and  learn 
more.'" 

As  each  student  presents  his  or  her 
work,    Wainwright    and    Pell    praise    the 


insight  that  each  piece  reveals,  gently 
bringing  the  students  to  an  awareness  of 
their  own  creative  abilities.  The  students 
seem  to  savor  the  fact  that  there  are  no 
wrong  answers,  no  absolutes,  and  none  of 
the  safe-but-conventional  intellectual  paths 
that  they  had  traveled  before.  One  can  feel 
the  students'  sense  of  unfolding  possibili- 
ties— a  tentative  venturing  toward  confi- 
dence in  their  ability  to  explore. 

"This  shows  you  a  diversity  among  your- 
selves and  a  creativity  among  yourselves," 
Wainwright  tells  the  class  at  the  end.  "You 
don't  have  to  be  a  highly  skilled  artist  to  do 
things  that  are  self-rewarding.  You  can  see 
the  pleasure  on  the  faces  of  your  classmates." 
Besides  teaching  his  own  class,  Wain- 
wright    also     supports     an     effort     by 

a      former      student, 

Kathleen  C.  Wallace 
'89,  to  conduct  such 
classes  outside  Duke. 
At  a  nearby  school  for 
children  with  behav- 
ioral disorders,  in  Duke 
hospital  wards,  and 
in  retirement  homes, 
Wallace  brings  the 
same  message  of  cre- 
ative self-fulfillment,  of 
motivation. 

Says  Wainwright  of 
his  research  and  teach- 
ing: "I  see  this  ability  of 
hands-on  endeavor  to 
motivate  as  the  sleeping 
giant  under  the  Bio- 
Design  Studio  and  in 
everything  I  do.  I  would 
like  to  contribute  these 
ideas  at  the  highest  pos- 
ery  sible  level  in  the  push 

to  improve  public  edu- 
cation in  this  country.  I'd  like  to  take 
them  to  the  Durham  schools;  I'd  like  to 
take  them  to  the  state  of  North  Carolina; 
I'd  like  to  take  them  to  Washington." 

Despite  their  determination,  the  Bio- 
Design  Studio  partners  recognize  that  nur- 
turing the  creative  spark  in  art,  science, 
and  education  is  a  formidable  challenge 
amid  the  pressures  to  follow  restrained 
"adult"  conventions.  So  they've  made  the 
studio  as  much  an  experiment  on  their 
own  creative  lives  as  a  laboratory  for 
exploring  biological  structures. 

"It's  nice  to  be  an  adult;  it  helps  to  get 
along  in  the  world,"  concludes  Pell.  "But  I 
think  that  many  people  sacrifice  the  child 
in  themselves  completely,  and  I  think  that's 
a  tragedy." 

Wainwright  acknowledges  an  important 
part  of  his  responsibility.  "My  task  with 
Chuck,"  he  says,  "is  to  make  sure  he  doesn't 
grow  up."  ■ 


May-June    1993 


The  Rough  Road  Home:  Stories 
by  North  Carolina  Writers. 

Edited  by  Robert  Gingher.  Chapel  Hill:  UNC 
Press,  1993.  247  pp.  $14.95  paper,  $24.95 
cloth. 


N 


ovelist  Lee  Smith,  a 
faculty  associate  at 
Duke's  Center  for 
Documentary  Stud- 
ies, has  scribbled  a 
note  on  a  scrap  of 
yellow  legal  paper 
and  taped  it  just 
below  the  schedule  outside  her  office  door. 
It  reads:  "There  are  only  two  plots  in  fic- 
tion; someone  takes  a  trip,  a  stranger 
comes  to  town."  This  is  not  the  sort  of 
aphorism  one  uses  didactically;  it  is  more 
an  observation,  the  kind  that  gains  weight 
over  time.  And  it  seems  to  be  quite  literal- 
ly true  of  the  twenty-two  stories  by  North 
Carolina  writers  recently  anthologized  in 
The  Rough  Road  Home. 

In  his  introduction  to  the  anthology,  edi- 
tor Robert  Gingher  writes,  "Our  best  narra- 
tives explore  and  elaborate  upon  the  escape 
from  and  return  to  home.. . .  Stories  show  us 
we  can  go  home  again,  but  it's  a  rough  road 
back."  While  his  chosen  metaphor  may  be 
an  overworked  and  frequently  over-senti- 
mentalized one,  there  is  nothing  hackneyed 
nor  maudlin  about  the  narratives  Gingher 
has  selected  for  this  long-overdue  collection 
by  a  major  university  press. 

With  few  exceptions,  the  stories  in  The 
Rough  Road  Home  are  propelled  by  a  narra- 
tive immediacy  that  catches  the  reader  up 
short,  almost  breathless.  The  force  at  work 
here  is  what  Algonquin  Books  Editor 
Shannon  Ravenal  has  called  an  "insistent, 
idiosyncratic,  and  undeniable  voice."  From 
the  aching,  singing,  soaring  notes  of 
Philomena  in  Maya  Angelou's  "The  Re- 
union" to  the  gritty,  matter-of-fact,  black 
humor  of  Kaye  Gibbon's  "Trudv  Woodlief," 
The  Rough  Road  Home  spells  out  (for  those 
who  have  somehow  missed  it)  the  reasons 
why  North  Carolina  so  often  claims  the 
spotlight  in  the  current  resurgence  of  the 
American  short  story.  Gingher  speculates 
that  North  Carolina  has  contributed 
"hands  down... the  lion's  share  per  state" 
to  this  literary  phenomenon. 

All  of  the  twenty-two  authors  in  this 


anthology  have  lived  in  North  Carolina; 
twenty  of  them  still  do.  Duke's  own  liter- 
ary tradition  is  well  represented  by  authors 
and  teachers  Reynolds  Price  '55,  Fred 
Chappell  '61,  A.M.  '64,  and  Elizabeth  Cox. 

Though  anthologized  by  a  common 
geography,  these  stories  are  not  confined 
by  a  narrow  regionalism.  A  strong  sense  of 
place  pervades  these  narratives,  whether 
grounded  in  Chicago,  Palm  Springs,  New 
Jersey,  or  Eastern  North  Carolina.  But  the 
most  compelling  narrative  maps  are  emo- 
tional ones.  The  rough  roads  traced  here 
are  like  winding  mountain  passes,  a  series 
of  hairpin  turns  that  seem  only  to  double 
back  on  themselves.  Linear  progress  is  illu- 
sive and  dizzying.  And  the  curves  can  give 
you  whiplash. 

It  is,  in  fact,  a  sort  of  emotional  or  spiri- 
tual whiplash  that  so  many  of  these  stories 
recount — a  bruising  jerk  that  interrupts 
what  the  first-person  narrator  in  Fred 
Chappell's  "Broken  Blossoms"  calls  "the 
steady  opiate  urge  to  spin  about  [oneself] 
cocoons  of  incomprehensibility." 

Before  the  hairpin  turn  in  Chappell's 
story  about  a  boy  who  lives  in  and  by  his 
imagination,  a  boy  for  whom  the  natural 
world  is  "dim  and  bewildering,"  the  narrator 
says  he  would  have  accounted  for  his  life 
in  this  way:  "I  slept  and  never  woke.  Even 
in  my  dreams  I  never  harmed  another,  for 
no  one  else  entered  those  dreams.  I  am  so 
innocent  I  might  never  have  existed." 

Chappell's  metaphor  for  this  young 
boy's  awakening  constitutes  some  of  the 
most  poetic  prose  in  the  volume.  He 
describes  a  cherry  tree  blown  to  pieces: 

[W]hen  I  remember  it,  it  takes  place 
in  a  different  time-scale... the  muzzle 
of  the  gun  comes  down  slowly,  then 
wavers  to  a  rest,  and  the  trigger  is 
squeezed,  and  the  graphite-colored 
bullet  leaves  the  muzzle,  screwing  for- 
ward steadily  through  the  dark  waves 
of  air  it  displaces.  When  the  bullet 
reaches  the  burnished  dynamite  cap, 
it  touches  it  gently.  Then  there  is  an 
orange-white  flash,  jagged  as  in  a 
comic  strip  panel,  and  a  heavy  rem- 
nant of  the  tree  tears  away  agonizingly 
with  a  sound  like  bones  breaking  and 
white  flesh  of  the  wood  shows  clear 
and  watery.  The  mass  of  limbs  plum- 


mets the  damp  earth  and  a  sprinkle  of 
pink-white  petals  showers  up  and 
slowly  settles  like  snow  drifting  wind- 
blown.... The  world  about  suddenly 
rushes  in  upon  me,  a  being  so  long 
closed  away  that  it  can  take  its  proper 
domain  in  no  manner  but  violently. 

In  Elizabeth  Cox's  "Bargains  in  the  Real 
World,"  the  fifty-year-old  protagonist, 
Ernie  Bosch,  is  forced  to  emerge  from  a 
similar  sort  of  "cocoon  of  incomprehensi- 
bility." Cox  writes:  "[Ernie's]  clothes  had  a 
ramshackle  appearance,  and  for  that  rea- 
son the  world  looked  too  big  for  him.... 
People  worried  about  him.  He  walked 
around  in  an  uncollected  state  of  mind." 
In  this  story,  the  protagonist  takes  a  trip 
and  a  stranger  comes  to  town.  Ernie  ven- 
tures through  the  woods  with  his  son,  Joel, 
in  search  of  Joel's  best  friend,  Lucas,  who 
has  run  away  from  home.  In  a  strange  and 
childlike  place,  Ernie  experiences  "a  feel- 
ing of  shadowy  peace... all  his  senses  felt 
heightened,  as  fear  does  sometimes,  or 
sickness.  He  felt  alive,  adrift,  afire."  Deep 
in  the  woods,  his  uncollected,  unheroic 
state  of  mind  is  intruded  upon,  and  he 
faces  "the  arbitrary  forces  acting  together 
in  the  world,  and  the  algebra  of  other 
worlds." 

The  most  raucous  trip  in  this  anthology 
is  Jill  McCorkle's  "The  Man  Watcher,"  a 
dizzying  ride  at  breakneck  narrative  speed. 
Driven  by  the  strong  and  funky  voice  of 
Lucinda,  it  is  a  trip  back  through  her  col- 
orful and  sundry  experiences  with  men  and 
a  trip  forward  through  her  various  levels  of 
(feminist)  consciousness. 

What  we  get  is  the  raw  data  of  Lucinda's 
"research  on  men"  and  her  "academic 
studies  on  why  some  women  go  the  route 
they  do." 

Eudora  Welty,  great  matriarch  of  the 
new  regionalism,  has  said  that  fiction 
should  have  a  "private  address."  But  the 
roads  traced  by  many  of  these  contempo- 
rary stories  call  into  question  the  very 
notion  of  private  domain,  and,  in  doing  so, 
challenge  worn  assumptions  about  the  ter- 
ritory of  regionalism. 

— Dana  Wynne  Lindquist 

Lindquist  '85  is  a  free-lance  writer  living  in  Raleigh. 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


A  Pocketful  of  Karma. 

Efy  Taffy  Cannon  '70.  New  York:  Carroll 
and  Graf  Publishers,  1993.  256  pp.  $19.95. 


hether  or  not 
Edgar  Allen 
Poe  deserves 
to  he  called 
the  Father  of 
the  Modern 
Detective 
Story    (and 


w 

whether  or  not  such  a  title  is  honorific  or 
pejorative),  his  story  "The  Murders  in  Rue 
Morgue,"  written  in  1841,  established  most 
of  the  conventions  of  the  genre:  the  ama- 
teur sleuth  outwitting  the  official  law 
enforcers;  the  analytic  searching  out  of 
clues;  the  smokescreen  of  suspicion  falling 
on  the  second  victim;  the  potential  peril 
to  the  detective;  the  manipulated  confes- 
sion; and  so  on — with  a  general  revelation 
to  the  effect  that  rationality  triumphs  over 
the  seemingly  inexplicable. 

Poe  is  equally  remembered  for  his  explo- 
rations into  the  minds  of  murderers,  tales 
which  veer  into  a  psychology  of  abnormal- 
ity, an  emphasis  on  some  perverse  and 
gloatingly  evil  impulse,  an  irrational  men- 
tal universe. 

In  A  Pocketful  of  Karma,  Taffy  Cannon 
juggles  both  kinds  of  classic  murder  fic- 
tion, and  much  of  the  fun  lies  in  seeing 
whether  or  not  she  can  keep  the  balls  in 
the  air,  whether  or  not  the  old  formulas 
and  conventions  can  be  made  to  surprise 
and  to  entertain. 

The  novel  begins  within  the  mind  of  a 
perverse,  egotistical  killer  who  is  in  the  act 
of  doing  in  a  young  woman  named  Debra: 

There  was  an  incredible  surge,  know- 
ing you  were  about  to  kill,  a  soaring 
transcendency  over  plebeian  rules 
and  laws  and  conventions....  Deciding 
to  do  it,  that  had  been  the  hard  part. 
The  planning  went  much  more 
smoothly:  possibilities  explored,  foun- 
dations laid,  contingencies  covered. 
And  with  the  plans  complete,  there 
was  a  new  feeling  as  well,  a  strange 
sense  of  calm. 

This  is  pretty  good  ersatz  Poe  (certainly 
suitable  for  the  voice  of  Vincent  Price), 
but  Cannon  is  soon  going  to  shift  to  a 
detective  story,  so  she  can't  give  away  the 
killer's  identity  or  rationale  for  smashing 
Debra's  head.  Therefore,  here  and 
throughout  the  novel,  the  killer's  brief 
monologues  generally  resemble  the  jerky 
camera  which  tracks  victims  in  stalker 
movies.  These  passages  get  rather  thin  and 
obviously  evasive,  even  though  they  let  us 
see  the  dire  deeds  before  surviving  person- 
ages in  the  novel  know  about  them. 


The  detective  story  is  told  in  a  much 
lighter,  even  breezy  style,  and  it  is  consid- 
erably better.  Nan  Robinson  is  an  attrac- 
tive thirty-five  year  old  divorcee  and  an 
investigator  for  the  State  Bar  of  California. 
She  lives  alone  in  a  ghastly  condominium 
and  becomes  obsessed  with  the  notion  that 
something  suspicious  has  happened  to  her 
childhood  acquaintance  and  ace  former 
secretary  Debra  LaRoche.  We  know  she's 
right,  although  Robinson's  only  clue  is 
that  she  learns  that  LaRoche  failed  to 
make  routine  contact  with  her  mother 
back  in  the  Midwest.  The  police  prove  to 
be  obtuse  and  sluggish  when  Robinson 
files  a  missing-person  report.  It  looks  as  if 
the  detective  is  going  to  have  to  do  it  on 
her  own,  outside  the  law.  This  may  be 
standard  stuff,  but  there  are  nice  details 
about  a  woman's  trials  in  adjusting  to  life 
in  contemporary  California. 

Robinson  starts  digging  up  clues,  inter- 
viewing the  usual  colorful  suspects  (mostly 
LaRoche's  sleazy  friends),  breaking  into 
LaRoche's  bungalow  to  riffle  through  her 
papers,  meeting  LaRoche's  estranged  hus- 
band who  is  in  line  for  some  big  insurance 
money,  and  finally  discovering  LaRoche's 
involvement  as  client  and  volunteer  secre- 
tary to  the  Permanent  Life  Institute,  an 
organization  that  helps  people  straighten 
out  their  karma  by  revisiting  past  lives  in 
an  expensive  setting  ("part  spiritual  en- 
clave, part  goofy  California  theme  park"). 
The  rational  Robinson  is  dubious  about 
the  PLI  until  she  falls  passionately  into  a 
hot  tub  with  one  of  its  founders.  Ratioci- 
nation quickly  loses  out  to  randiness. 

Whether  or  not  Cannon  intends  to  sug- 
gest that  sex  and  sleuthing  don't  mix,  the 
author  seems  in  high  spirits  as  she  moves 
forward  with  all  the  classic  detective  story 
obligatory  scenes,  but  with  Robinson  now  a 
giddy  endangered  klutz,  and  with  the  unin- 
spired but  systematic  police  resolving  the 
case  with  the  help  of  the  gay  cosmetologist 
who  used  to  do  LaRoche's  hair.  It  is  indeed 
comforting  that  the  first  major  suspect  is 
the  second  victim  and  that  the  killer  is 
indeed  tricked  into  a  lengthy  confession. 
Even  in  California  some  conventions  are 
observed,  and  by  pulling  the  rug  out  from 
under  her  ostensible  detective,  Cannon 
gives  an  amusing  twist  to  a  formula  novel. 

Although  a  detective  novel  may  be  (and 
sometimes  is)  capable  of  sustaining  pro- 
found thematic  implications,  Cannon  is 
not  quite  successful  in  developing  a  sub- 
text on  the  theme  of  lost  children.  To 
Robinson,  LaRoche  really  is  a  lost  child 
(remembered  as  "a  peppy  little  girl  who 
climbed  trees  and  roller-skated  backward 
and  raced  her  two-wheeler  fearlessly  down 
the  quiet  streets  of  Spring  Hill,  Illinois"),  a 
girl  who  meets  death  in  the  kinky  land- 


scape of  California.  Robinson  herself 
seems  to  live  provisionally,  without  com- 
mitment, in  response  to  a  childhood  home 
that  was  dominated  by  an  alcoholic  father. 
LaRoche's  boy  had  died  in  an  accident, 
and  the  PLI  convinced  her  that  this  was 
the  result  of  her  neglecting  a  child  in  a 
past  life. 

When  the  murderer  is  finally  revealed  as 
essentially  motivated  by  enduring  child- 
hood anguish,  it  seems  clear  that  Cannon's 
point  is  that  bad  karma  does  not  come 
from  a  previous  life,  but  from  an  earlier 
life.  All  this  would  work  better  if  Robin- 
son's childhood  had  been  revealed  in 
greater  detail  and  complexity  and  if  the 
secondary  characters  possessed  enough 
solidity  to  support  psychological  concern. 

If  Taffy  Cannon  cannot  be  said  to  have 
achieved  Poe's  touted  "unity  of  impres- 
sion" in  A  Pocketful  of  Karma,  the  book 
nevertheless  offers  much  that  is  interesting 
and  amusing.  One  suspects  that  Robinson 
will  be  back  in  another  mystery.  Her  kind 
usually  are. 

— Scott  Byrd 


Byrd  is  a  free-lance  book  reviewer  living  in  Chapel 
Hill. 


Limited  Edition  for  Collectors 

WILLIAM  STYRON 

Inheritance  of  Night 

Early  Drafts  of  Lie  Down  in  Darkness 
With  a  preface  by  the  author  and  an 
introduction  by  James  L  W.  West  III 


Drawn  from  William  Styron's 
papers  archived  at  the  Duke 
University  Library,  this  facsimile  edition  of 
the  early  drafts  of  the  award-winning  novel 
Lie  Down  in  Darkness  affords  much  insight 
into  the  development  of  a  major  twentieth- 
century  American  writer. 

160  pages,  7  x  10  trim  size 
Numbered,  signed  edition  S125.00 

(250  copies  available) 

Standard  hardcover  edition  S17.95 

To  order,  write  or  phone: 

DUKE  UNIVERSITY  PRESS 

BOX  90660    DURHAM,  NC  27708-0660 
919-684-6837 

(Include  s6  postage  for  each  numbered 
edition;  s}  for  each  hardcover.) 


May-June    1993 


-    Mfe, 


Ask  The  Expert 


After  a  fifty -one-day  standoff  with 
the  F.B.I. ,  why  did  the  Branch 
Davidians  commit  mass  suicide  in 
their  compound  near  Waco,  Texas? 

"In  a  sense,  the  ending  of  the 
story  was  implicit  in  its  begin- 
ning. The  way  the  A.T.F. 
approached  the  initial  raid  set 
the  stage  for  what  happened. 
The  Branch  Davidians  were 
deeply  steeped  in  apocalyptic 
expectations  and  believed  they 
were  living  in  their  end  time,  a 
time  when  everything  would 
come  crashing  down  on  them. 
This  group  was  very  much 
immersed  in  the  Book  of  Revela- 
tions, which  is  full  of  a  forest  of 
symbols,  many  of  which  are  very 
frightening  and  have  to  do  with 
cataclysmic  events — smoke,  fire, 
earthquakes,  floods — which  they 
believed  related  to  their  own 
time.  The  A.T.F.  and  the  F.B.I, 
cooperated,  unknowingly  per- 
haps, in  providing  confirmation 
of  their  apocalyptic  vision. 

"The  effect  of  the  F.B.I.'s 
musical  assault  was  to  solidify  the 
group  and  keep  them  aware  that 
they  were  being  besieged.  The 
appearance  of  tanks  only  intensi- 
fied their  feelings  of  onslaught 
and  precipitated  the  crisis. 

"The  people  inside  the  com- 
pound were  living  another  real- 
ity; they  were  in  another  world. 
In  terms  of  our  reality,  what  they 
did  was  insane,  though  it  seemed 
absolutely  necessary  to  them. 
We're  horrified  to  be  confronted 
with  the  fiery  holocaust  of  the 


Branch  Davidian  compound. 
We're  not  willing  to  face  our 
unconscious  realization  that 
under  certain  circumstances,  we 
too  might  have  done  what  they 
did." 


"You  have  to  understand,  since 
birth,  every  black  person  has 
lived  what  is  white:  That's  all  we 
saw,  that's  all  we  learned.  At 
some  point  you  have  to  look 
back  inside  yourself — and  that's 
not  to  exclude  you,  it's  just  to 
say,  okay,  maybe  we've  had 
enough,  because  we  know  every- 
thing there  is  to  know  about  the 
white  community." 

Trinity  junior  Briana  Epps,  a  black 
student  speaking  on  a  60  Minutes 


"You  say  you  know  all  that's 
white,  but  you  don't  know  me, 
and  that's  where  being  American 
comes  into  it.  We  should  never 
forget  that  we  are  individuals 
first,  and  not  group  members,  in 
my  mind.. . .  I  want  to  get  to 
know  you,  not  a  black  woman, 
not  a  black  man,  I  just  want  to 
get  to  know  you." 
Trinity  sophomore  Tyler  Thoreson, 
a  white  student  who  was  also 
interviewed  on  60  Minutes 


"If  we  are  as  successful  as  we 
would  like  to  be,  we'll  have  ten 
more  black  faculty  members  in 
the  next  academic  year.  That 
looks  possible." 


of  Higher  Education 


"I  don't  think  we  go  out  and 
search  for  anybody.  We  just  seem 
to  wait  for  people  to  apply." 


the  department,  also  quoted  in  The 
Chronicle  of  Higher  Education 

"Harassment  is  not  when  an  indi- 
vidual feels  offended,  intimidated, 
challenged,  or  uncomfortable. 
Harassment  is  conduct  outside 
the  norms  accepted  by  the  acade- 
mic or  workplace  community." 

presidential  task  tone  on 

harassment  and  associate  professor 

of  biological  anthropology  • 


Council  meeting  in  April  when  the 
university's  proposed  harassment 


"I  was  in  favor  of  banning 
Wednesday  kegs,  but  Thursday? 
No  way.  [The  policy]  is  too 
restrictive,  too  limiting.  Those 
who  want  to  wake  up  for  classes 
on  Friday  will  do  so  anyway." 

—Trinity  senior  Jessica  Garde, 

on  an  administration  proposal  to 

eliminate  Thursday  night  kegs 

"A  lot  of  faculty  like  the  idea  of 
discussing  things,  such  as  the 
administration,  and  [of  not  hav- 
ing] to  worry  about  who  is  over- 
hearing their  conversation." 

—Howard  Clark,  professor  of 


i  on  March  24  to  protest  a 
1-door  policy  fh< 
inhibits  student/faculty , 


Do  you  think  your  interac- 
tion with  Duke  fatuity  is 


Yes:  9 
No:  16 

Of  those  who  answered  no,  three 
cited  apathy,  four  said  that  they 
were  intimidated  by  the  prospect 
of  not  knowing  what  to  talk 
about,  and  seven  mentioned  a 
variation  of  those  reasons.  One 
commented,  "When  I  get  across 
a  table  from  a  professor,  I  try  so 
hard  to  sound  intelligent  or  say 
something  profound  that  I  usu- 
ally have  a  hard  time  saying  any- 
thing." Only  two  students  said 
that  faculty  inaccessibility  pre- 
vented their  interaction. 

Of  those  who  answered  yes, 
most  said  that  their  main  contact 
with  faculty  occurred  through 
meals,  research  or  independent 
study  projects,  and  office  hours. 
One  student  commented,  "The 
closest  I've  come  to  faculty  inter- 
action is  when  I've  begged  a  prof 
to  raise  my  grade  at  the  end  of 
the  semester." 

While  several  students  men- 
tioned their  close  relationships 
with  faculty  mentors,  one  had  a 
revealing  perspective  on  the 
nature  of  faculty/student  interac- 
tion: "I'm  not  sure  if  I  go  to 
enough  classes  to  give  a  fair 
answer  to  this  question." 

— compiled  by  Jonathan  Douglas; 
polling  by  Stephen  Martin  '95 


52 


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BRODIE  STEPS  DOWN:  profile  of  a  president.  See  page  2. 


DUKE 


M    A    G    A    Z    I    N 


COMPETING  FOR  ATHLETIC  EQUALITY 
CHARTING  THE  BEATING  HEART 


PURSUING  TENURE 


^2t^ 

The  Trustees  and  Faculties 

of 

Duke  University 

and  the  Duke  Alumni  Association 


request  the  honor  of  your  presence 

at  the  Inauguration  of 

Nannerl  Overholser  Keohane 

as  Eighth  President  of  Duke  University  and 
the  Thirteenth  President  of  the  Institution 

on  Saturday,  the  twenty-third  of  October 

nineteen  hundred  and  ninety-three 

at  three  o'clock  in  the  afternoon 

The  Chapel  Court 


Reception  following 


printed  on  recycled 


© 


JULY- 
AUGUST  1993 


DUKE 


VOLUME  79 


EDITOR: 

RobertJ.  Bitwise  A.M. '88 
ASSOCIATE  EDITOR: 
Sam  Hull 

FEATURES  EDITOR: 
Bridget  Boohet  '82,  A.M.  '92 
SCIENCE  EDITOR: 
Dennis  Meredith 
EDITORIAL  ASSISTANT: 
Jonathan  Douglas 
STUDENT  INTERN: 
Stephen  Martin  '95 
DESIGN  CONSULTANT: 
West  Side  Studio,  Inc. 
PUBLISHER:  M.  Lanev 
punderburkjr.  '60 

OFFICERS,  DUKE  ALUMNI 
ASSOCIATION: 
Stanley  G.  Bradingjr.  75, 
president,'  James  D.  Warren  '75, 
president-elect;  M.  Laney 
Funderburk  lr.  '60,  secretar.'- 


PRESIDENTS,  SCHOOL 
AND  COLLEGE  ALUMNI 
ASSOCIATIONS: 
Sylvester  L.  Shannon  B.D.  '66, 
Din'nirv  School;  J.  Samuel 
Mcknight  B.S.E. '60,  M.S. '62, 
Ph.D.  '69,  N Ji.  -,  >i   '/  En^n,Yrm^ 
David  E.  Andertonjr.  79, 
Schoolo/theEmmmrnent;Kirk 
J.  Bradley  M.B.A.  '86,  Fuqw 
SchiN,i-'r  Hn>!)K>>;  Richard  K. 
Toomey  77,  M.H.A.  79, 
Department  of  Health  Adminis- 
tration; David  G.  KlaherJ.D. 
'69,  School  of  Law.  Robert  M. 
Rosemond  M.D.  '53.  School  of 
Medicine;  Christine  Mundie 
Willis  B.S.N.  73,  School  of 
Nursing;  Marie  k,  >val  Nardone 
M.S.  79,  A.H.C.  79,  Graduate 
Program  m  Physical  Therapy; 
M.inMret  AJ.uiis  H.irris  '38, 
LL.B.  '40,  Hatf-Century  Chdi. 

EDITORIAL  ADVISORY 
BOARD:  Clay  Felker '51, 
chairman;  Frederick  F.  Andrews 
'60;  Debra  Blum  '87;  Sarah 
Hardesty  Bray  72;  Holly  B. 
Brubaeh  75:  Nancv  L.  Cardwell 
'69;JerToldK.Footl,ck;  Edward 
M.Gome:79;Eli:abethH. 
Locke  '64,  Ph.D.  72;  Thomas 
P.LoseeJr.'63;PeterMaas'49; 
Hueh  S.  Sidev;  Richard  Austin 
Smith  '35;  Susan  Tiliit  73; 
Robert  J.  Bliwise  A.M.  '88, 
secretory. 

Composition  by  Liberated 
Types,  Ltd.;  printing  by  Litho 
Industries.  Inc.;  pnnted  on 
Warren  Recovery  Matte  White 
and  Cross  Poinre  Sycamore 
OftsetTan 

B  1993  Duke  University 
Published  bimonthly  by  the 
Office  ■  >t  Alumni  Affairs;  vol- 
untary subscriptions  $20  per 
year:  Duke  Magazine,  Alumni 
House,  614  Chapel  Drive, 
Box  90570.  Durham.  N.C. 
27708.0570;  (919)  684-51 14. 


Cover:  Detail  from  cave  paintings  found 
on  the  Crimean  Peninsula.  Copyright 
Ernest  Manewal  1991 . 


HUNTING  UNDER  THE  GUN  by  Robert}.  Bitwise  2 

"Because  hunting  takes  place  at  the  boundary  between  the  human  domain  and  the 
wilderness,"  says  Duke  anthropologist  Matt  Cartmill,  "the  hunter  stands  with  one  foot  on 
each  side  of  the  boundary" 

THE  TENURE  YEARS  by  Bridget  Booker  Z 

By  design  a  confidential  procedure,  tenure  has  become  a  topic  for  public  discussion,  raising 
questions  about  how  a  university  defines  itself  and  shapes  its  future,  what  it  values  as  a 
community,  and  what  it  expects  from  its  members 

LEVELING  THE  PLAYING  FIELD  by  Michael  Towrvsend  14^ 

The  soul  of  Title  IX,  gender  equity,  has  forced  institutions  everywhere,  including  Duke,  to 
scrutinize  the  way  in  which  they  support  women's  athletics 

REGULATING  THE  RHYTHMS  OF  LIFE  by  Monte  Basgall  37 

Medical  researchers  in  Duke's  Engineering  Research  Center  are  mapping  cardiac  electrical 
storms,  hoping  to  find  patterns  of  organization  from  the  chaos 

PLAYING  HARDBALL  WITH  THE  BASES  by  Robert].  Bliwise  40~ 

Politicians  and  lobbyists  fight  to  defend  their  turf  as  Jim  Courter's  federal  commission  sifts 
through  statistics,  schedules,  and  statements  to  help  reshape  the  military 


RETROSPECTIVES  22 

A  sailor's  survival  tale:  charting  a  shipshape  reunion 

TRANSITIONS  34^ 

Saving  the  forest  for  the  trees:  an  importer  turns  environmentalist 

FORUM  36 

Just  what  is  a  feminist?  A  graduate  student  grapples  with  the  difficulty  ot  defining  the  term 

GAZETTE  44~ 

Presidential  priorities,  budgetary  planning,  artistic  discovery 

BOOKS  50" 

A  seasoned  sportswriter  uncovers  baseball's  darker  side;  a  celebrated  poet's  latest  collection 
shines  "with  deep  passion  and  intelligence" 

QUAD  QUOTES  52~ 

Public  perceptions  of  science,  separate  spheres  of  student  life 


IMtMJJ.mWrM 


HUNTING 

UNDER 

THE GUN 


BY  ROBERT  J.  BLI WISE 


BLOOD  SPORT  AS  RITUAL: 


A  VIEW  TO  A  DEATH  IN  THE  MORNING 


"Because  hunting  takes  place  at  the  boundary  between 

the  human  domain  and  the  wilderness,"  says  Duke 

anthropologist  Matt  Cartmill,  "the  hunter  stands 

with  one  foot  on  each  side  of  the  boundary." 


F 


I  or  the  better  part  of  the  day,  you've 
lurched  in  and  out  of  the  forest's 
shadows,  catching  glimpses  of  some- 
thing sleek  and  brown  just  beyond 
you,  listening  for  quick,  cautious  steps  on  a 
forest  floor  thick  with  dead  branches  that 
make  a  crunching  sound  with  every  con- 
tact. Just  now  the  crunch-crunch-crunch 
stops,  and  you  stop  with  it.  You  squint 
through  the  glass  at  the  object  of  your  pur- 
suit. It  abruptly  turns  its  head  slightly  side- 
ways, searching  out  a  threat.  Then  it 
freezes.  It  meets  your  gaze,  and  you  step 
back,  a  little  in  awe.  You're  looking  into 
Bambi's  bulging  eyes. 

So  what  do  you  do  with  Bambi?  Respect 
his  place  in  nature  by  studying  him?  Or 
end  the  game  by  shooting  him? 

Our  ideas  about  hunting  point  to  our 
ideas  about  nature — and  about  what  it 
means  to  be  human.  Matt  Cartmill,  a  pro- 
fessor in  Duke's  biological  anthropology 
and  anatomy  department,  hunts  down 
hunting's  symbolic  power  in  A  View  to  a 
Death  in  the  Morning.  (The  title  comes 
from   lines   in   a   traditional  fox   hunting 


song.)  The  book  was  published  this  spring 
by  Harvard  University  Press. 

Hunting  has  a  curiously  restricted  mean- 
ing, Cartmill  writes.  It  isn't  just  a  matter  of 
going  out  and  killing  any  old  animal:  The 
quarry  must  be  a  wild  animal,  and  it  must 
be  free,  not  confined — capable  of  striking 
back.  From  the  hunter's  standpoint,  meth- 
ods and  motives  count  for  everything:  His 
assault  must  involve  a  period  of  chasing, 
stalking,  or  lying  in  ambush.  So  shooting 
tigers  in  the  zoo  doesn't  count  as  hunting. 
Walking  up  to  a  tame  deer  in  a  park, 
putting  a  revolver  to  its  ear,  and  pulling 
the  trigger  doesn't  count  either.  And  run- 
ning over  wild  animals  on  the  highway 
doesn't  earn  you  hunter's  credentials,  even 
if  you  do  it  on  purpose. 

Hunting,  then,  is  highly  ritualized  behav- 
ior. It's  also  highly  ambiguous  behavior, 
straddling  as  it  does  civilization  and  un- 
tamed nature.  "Because  hunting  takes 
place  at  the  boundary  between  the  human 
domain  and  the  wilderness,"  writes  Cart- 
mill, "the  hunter  stands  with  one  foot  on 
each  side  of  the  boundary."  He  can  be  seen 


Ritual's  resolution: 

The  End  of  the  Chase, 

opposite,  by 

Gustave  Courbet 

( Musee  des  Beaux  Arts 

et  d' Archeologie , 

Besangon) 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


either  "as  a  fighter  against  wildness  or  as  a 
half-animal  participant  in  it." 

While  growing  up,  Cartmill  accompanied 
his  grandfather  on  a  few  rabbit-hunting 
expeditions.  "He  never  shot  anything," 
Cartmill  recalls.  "The  experience  was  char- 
acterized by  futility;  all  I  remember  is  a 
walk  in  the  country  with  my  grandfather 
carrying  a  gun."  He  says  he  hasn't  been 
tempted  since  then  to  take  up  hunting. 

A  decade  in  the  making,  the  book  grew 
out  of  a  1983  article  by  Cartmill  in  Natural 
History.  The  article's  title  came  from  George 
Orwell's  Animal  Farm.  In  Orwell's  story,  the 
clever  pig  Snowball  wraps  up  the  meaning 
of  their  uprising  against  their  human  mas- 
ters in  one  short  slogan:  "Four  legs  good, 
two  legs  bad."  Cartmill's  concern  was  man's 
estrangement  from  nature.  Since  the  1960s, 
he  writes  in  the  article,  "the  picture  of  Homo 
sapiens  as  a  disease  of  nature — a  mentally 
unbalanced  predator  threatening  an  other- 
wise harmonious  natural  order — has  become 
so  pervasive  that  we  scarcely  notice  it  any 
more.  It  has  been  disseminated  by  all  sorts  of 
scientists  and  popular-science  writers,  and 
has  loomed  large  in  the  writings  and  speech- 
es of  postwar  environmentalists...." 


Hunting  is  celebrated 
in  modem  American 
culture  in  one  rather 
odd  respect — with  the 
notion  that  aboriginal 
hunters  are  good. 


Cartmill  refers  to  "one  stunning  image" 
from  Stanley  Kubrick's  movie  2001:  A 
Space  Odyssey  that  encapsulates  the  killer- 
ape  idea:  "An  australopithecine  who  has 
just  used  a  zebra  femur  to  commit  the 
world's  first  murder  hurls  the  bone  gleeful- 
ly into  the  air — and  it  turns  into  an  orbit- 
ing spacecraft." 

His  effort  with  the  book  was  to  write 
something  that  would  be  "readable  but 
scholarly,"  Cartmill  says.  A  View  to  a  Death 
in  the  Morning  is  part  theory  of  human  ori- 


gins, part  intellectual  history,  and  shaped 
overall  by  a  skeptical  point  of  view.  "One 
of  the  things  I  found  very  quickly  after  I 
started  doing  research  is  that  I  didn't 
understand  the  psychology  of  hunters," 
Cartmill  says.  "I  didn't  understand  why 
they  were  hunting,  and  I  didn't  understand 
some  of  the  things  they  said  that  struck  me 
as  very  strange."  He  was  struck  by  one 
hunter's  description,  in  particular,  of  hunt- 
ing as  an  "intercourse  with  nature" — of 
hunting  as  love  in  the  form  of  a  desire  to 
slay.  "Hunters  make  the  claim  that  they 
really  love  these  animals  and  that's  why 
they  want  to  go  out  and  kill  them.  Most 
hunters  don't  make  the  claim  that  blatant- 
ly, but  the  love  is  real,  it's  obvious,  it's 
manifest." 

In  his  book,  Cartmill  writes  that  "this 
murderous  amorousness"  may  not  charac- 
terize all  hunters,  and  that  it  probably  has 
no  evolutionary  significance.  But  hunting 
today  is  grossly  unprofitable  from  a  strictly 
economic  standpoint,  he  says;  it's  under- 
standable only  as  symbolic  behavior,  not 
as  a  questing  for  protein  that  could  be  sat- 
isfied much  more  cheaply  at  a  supermarket 
meat  counter.  The  ritual  involved  "does 


JwN-Ai 


I  993 


show  that  hunting  is  often  entangled  with 
something  dark,  violent,  and  irrational  in 
the  human  psyche."  Hunters,  according  to 
Cartmill,  sometimes  offer  the  same  excuse 
for  hunting  that  many  rapists  offer  for 
rape:  They  insist  they  are  not  to  blame 
because  the  victim  was  asking  for  it.  The 
social  pathology  linked  to  hunting  may 
not  be  war,  he  says,  but  rape. 

"Some  of  the  feelings  that  many  hunters 
express — the  murderous  love  and  other  in- 
coherent emotions,  the  Hemingwayesque 
anxiety  about  sexual  identity,  the  relish  for 
doing  delicious  evil,  the  false  and  con- 
temptuous affection  for  the  victim,  the 
refusal  to  think  of  the  victim  as  an  individ- 
ual— are  also  common  feelings  among 
rapists.  The  same  sort  of  psychology  is  evi- 
dent in  the  pornographic  allure  of  cheap 
rod-and-gun  magazines,  with  the  snapshot 
galleries  of  grinning  hunters  holding  up  the 
heads  of  big,  beautiful  deer  corpses.  It  is 
implicit  in  the  stories  that  many  deer 
hunters  tell  about  how  majestic  bucks  are 
lured  to  their  death  by  their  fatal  weakness 
for  the  seductive  doe." 

Hunters  and  anti-hunters  share  the  as- 
sumption of  a  boundary  between  the  human 
world  and  the  natural  world,  Cartmill  says. 
But  that  shared  assumption  translates  into 
very  different  attitudes  toward  nature. 
"You  find  both  hunters  and  anti-hunters 
accepting  fairly  widely  the  notion  that 
there  is  a  natural  order  out  there,  and  that 
it  deserves  our  reverence.  There  are  a  lot 
of  people  who  go  hunting  so  that  they  can 
feel  that  they're  a  part  of  nature  and 
they're  not  estranged  from  nature.  There 
are  a  lot  of  people  who  are  opposed  to 
hunting  because  they  see  it  as  an  assault 
on  nature,  as  shooting  up  the  place." 

Historically,  says  Cartmill,  hunting  has 
signified  opposing  concepts  of  nature,  and 
of  humans'  place  in  nature.  For  the  an- 
cient Greeks,  the  hunter  as  civilizer  found 
mythical  expression  in  the  figure  of  Artemis, 
the  virginal  goddess  of  the  hunt.  Artemis, 
sister  of  Apollo,  patrols  the  wilderness 
with  her  attendant  band  of  hunting  maid- 
ens, subduing  and  disciplining  it.  But 
Greek  myth  offered  the  contrasting  figure 
of  Dionysus.  The  female  followers  of 
Dionysus — the  Bacchae — are  themselves 
wild  beasts  who  hunt  without  weapons, 
tearing  their  quarry  apart  bare-handed. 
While  the  followers  of  Artemis  discipline 
the  wilderness,  Dionysus'  Bacchae  partici- 
pate in  it. 

Christianity  depicted  predation  as  an 
unfortunate  side  effect  of  the  Fall  of  Adam. 
In  the  view  of  early  Christian  writers,  the 
lesser  creatures,  lacking  immortal  souls,  are 
of  no  direct  concern  to  God.  Wildlife  and 
its  habitat  were  a  demonical  perversion  of 
Eden  and  a  natural  symbol  of  man's  fallen 
condition.   The   savage   forest   was,    in   a 


Despite  wide  acceptance 

of  the  "killer  ape" 

concept,  there  is  no 

evidence  that  our 

ancestors  had  to  turn 

carnivore  or  starve. 


manner  of  speaking,  a  terrestrial  hell. 

With  the  Middle  Ages,  the  image  of  the 
savage  forest  was  replaced  by  the  image  of 
the  sylvan  forest;  the  forest  became  the 
greenwood,  a  delightful  setting  of  natural 
beauty  and  human  pleasure  and  freedom. 
As  northern  Europe  grew  more  populous, 
its  forests  grew  fewer,  smaller,  and  tamer, 
and  hunting  increasingly  became  a  privi- 
lege restricted  to  the  nobility.  The  peas- 
antry approached  hunting  as  a  forbidden 
pleasure  linked  with  illicit  freedom,  feast- 
ing, and  rebellion  against  the  authorities — 
thoughts  that  gave  rise  to  the  legend  of 
Robin  Hood,  who  merrily  poached  the 
king's  deer.  But  among  the  aristocracy,  the 
hunt  took  on  the  opposite  significance, 
growing  into  a  ceremonious  and  courtly 
ritual.  And  the  ritualizing  of  the  hunt  led 
to  the  romanticizing  of  the  hunt:  The  pur- 
sued deer,  for  example,  took  on  a  symbolic 
nobility,  and  were  even  invoked  as  an 
emblem  of  Christ. 

The  modern  note  of  moral  outrage 
toward  hunting  was  struck  in  the  sixteenth 
century.  In  the  plays  of  Shakespeare,  the 
hunt  in  general  and  the  deer  hunt  in  par- 
ticular is  a  symbol  of  usurpation  or  rape. 
Even  the  hunting  manuals  of  the  time 
raise  questions  about  the  moral  status  of 
hunting;  in  them,  game  animals  are  made 
to  utter  poetic  denunciations  of  the  vicious- 
ness  and  depravity  of  man.  Montaigne 
argued  in  his  essays  that  there  are  no 
important  differences  between  human 
beings  and  beasts.  "In  a  time  when  so 
many  fundamentals  were  being  called  into 
question,"  writes  Cartmill,  "it  might  have 
been  expected  that  skeptics  would  start 
raising  questions  about  the  place  of  human 
beings  in  the  scheme  of  things  and  man's 
supposed  dominion  over  the  brute  beasts." 

The  philosophers  of  the  seventeenth 
century,  with  their  concern  for  the  mecha- 
nistic workings  of  the  universe,  had  trou- 
ble embracing  animals.  To  Descartes,  the 
lower  creatures  had  no  intellect  or  feeling 
and  so  no  moral  status;  to  Hobbes,  animals 
were  outside  the  moral  domain  because 
they  lacked  the  capacities  to  participate  in 
a  social  contract.  But  the  increasing  egali- 


tarianism  of  eighteenth-century  thought, 
which  culminated  in  the  American  and 
French  revolutions,  made  a  place  for  ani- 
mals in  theories  of  ethics. 

Sermons,  engravings,  nursery  rhymes, 
and  books  for  children  all  carried  a  be- 
kind-to-animals  message.  Ethical  vegetari- 
anism emerged  as  an  issue;  even  Benjamin 
Franklin  experimented  with  the  practice. 
Alexander  Pope  denounced  hunting,  along 
with  bearbaiting,  cockfighting,  inhumane 
slaughtering  techniques,  and  vivisection, 
and  attributed  the  Fall  of  Adam  not  to 
ignoring  God's  word,  but  to  violating  the 
state  of  nature  and  animal  innocence. 

During  the  first  half  of  the  nineteenth 
century,  the  huntsman  in  the  English- 
speaking  world  was  typified  by  James  Feni- 
more  Cooper's  Leatherstocking — as  Cart- 
mill describes  him,  "a  solitary  white  man 
dressed  in  Indianlike  buckskins  and  bead- 
work,  who  inhabits  the  wilderness,  lives 
on  intimate  and  friendly  terms  with  the 
natives,  regards  white  civilization  and 
developers  as  enemies  of  God's  creation, 
and  hunts  (reluctantly)  only  to  satisfy  his 
basic  need  for  food  and  clothing." 

Leatherstocking  gave  way  to  the  figure 
of  the  Great  White  Hunter — a  white  man, 
wearing  a  pith  helmet  and  other  distinc- 
tively "civilized"  clothing,  who  leads  an 
army  of  servile  natives  on  a  foray  into  the 
bush  so  that  he  can  kill  animals  for  the  fun 
of  it.  "For  the  Romantic  hunter,  and  the 
Man  in  the  Buckskin  Suit,  the  hunt  is  an 
act  of  loving  union  with  the  sacred  natural 
order;  for  the  Darwinian  and  imperial 
Great  White  Hunter,  the  Man  in  the  Pith 
Helmet,  the  hunt  is  an  assertion  of  com- 
petitive superiority  over  the  natives  and 
other  local  fauna,"  Cartmill  writes. 

With  explorations  of  australopithecine 
sites  in  South  Africa,  a  still-resonant  theo- 
ry gained  favor  in  the  1950s  and  1960s. 
Though  the  sites  yielded  few  stone  tools, 
anthropologists  concluded  that  the  man- 
apes  had  used  the  bony  parts  of  their  prey 
for  killing  and  butchering.  That  conclu- 
sion was  reflected  in  the  so-called  hunting 
hypothesis:  the  idea  that  the  human  lin- 
eage diverged  from  the  apes  when  our  an- 
cestors became  predators,  and  that  all  the 
most  important  and  distinctive  human 
traits  originated  as  adaptations  to  hunting 
with  weapons.  Hunting  demanded  weapons. 
Weapons  encouraged  bipedalism.  Bipedalism 
made  it  possible  to  carry  things,  including 
meat.  And  bipedal  males  could  carry  food 
to  their  mates,  who  could  not  hunt  for 
themselves  because  they  were  encumbered 
by  infants.  From  hunting,  then,  sprang  the 
social  pattern  of  the  nuclear  family.  That 
family  structure  made  greater  demands  on 
the  males'  hunting  abilities;  to  meet  those 
demands,  the  males  had  to  develop  more 
effective  tools,  techniques,  and  teamwork, 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


i 


%-'^y; 


which  in  turn  called  for  more  learning, 
which  meant  still  bigger  brains. 

To  Cartmill,  this  is  all  "an  origin  myth," 
created  "to  justify  the  dubious  distinction 
we  draw  between  the  human  domain  and 
the  wild  kingdom  of  nature." 

But  the  hunting  hypothesis  received  lots 
of  literary  expression.  William  Golding's 
novel  of  the  1950s,  Lord  of  the  Flies,  depicts 
a  group  of  English  schoolboys  marooned  by 
shipwreck  on  a  tropical  island.  Civilization 
collapses  for  the  boys  when  they  begin  hunt- 
ing wild  pigs.  The  hunt  unleashes  primi- 
tive impulses  that  soon  have  them  hunting 
one  another,  chanting  "Kill  the  beast!  Cut 
his  throat!  Spill  his  blood!"  (Golding,  who 
died  earlier  this  summer,  told  an  inter- 
viewer that  the  novel  expressed  his  "sheer 
grief  at  the  human  condition.") 

Cartmill  says  that  most  human-evolution 
experts  now  agree  "that  there  is  no  evidence 


V.    ■;■■''' 


"Hunters  make  the  claim 

that  they  really  love 

these  animals  and  that's 

why  they  want  to  go  out 

and  kill  them." 


whatsoever  that  early  hominids  hunted, 
and  that  meat  was  probably  not  a  signifi- 
cant part  of  the  australopithecine  diet."  A 
taste  for  animal  flesh,  as  it  happens,  is  not 
something  that  distinguished  human  beings 
from  the  apes.  And  even  among  hunting 
peoples,  two-thirds  of  the  diet  consists  of 


plants — a  finding  that  undercuts  the  notion 
that  our  ancestors  had  to  turn  carnivore 
or  starve. 

"Meat  is  a  great  thing  to  eat,"  Cartmill 
says.  "It's  got  lots  of  protein,  it's  very  high 
in  calories,  it's  easily  transportable.  But 
humans  needed  to  go  out  and  get  some 
plants,  too,  and  some  water.  So  were  early 
hominids  adapted  for  hunting?  Well,  they 
were  adapted  for  it  in  the  sense  that  they 
could  do  it.  It  is  certainly  possible  that 
early  hominids  ate  more  meat  than  chim- 
panzees do.  But  chimpanzees  hunt,  too, 
and  while  the  animals  they  kill  are  not  an 
important  part  of  their  diet,  they  are 
important  in  a  lot  of  ways  to  the  social 
relationships  of  chimpanzees.  Was  hunting 
one  of  the  jobs  that  early  hominids  found 
it  useful  to  cooperate  on?  Sure,  and  the 
same  thing  is  true  for  dogs.  Hunting  is  not 
what  made  us  human." 


July-August    1993 


One  of  the  things  that  does 
make  us  human  is  our  response 
to  the  power  of  symbolism — like 
the  image  of  a  cartoon  fawn  gaz- 
ing enraptured  at  a  butterfly 
perched  on  his  upraised  tail.  "For 
all  of  its  saccharine  sweetness 
and  childish  whimsy,  Disney's 
Bambi  has  had  a  deep  influence 
on  modern  attitudes  toward  the 
hunt,"  Cartmill  writes.  The 
movie  combines  a  variety  of  ele- 
ments from  both  high  and  low 
cultural  traditions,  including  "all 
the  rich  symbolism  associated 
with  deer  as  innocent,  doe-eyed 
victims  and  numinous  monarchs 
of  the  wilderness." 

That  doe-eyed  victim  is  today 
a  long  way  from  being  discarded 
as  a  cultural  icon.  Film  critic  John 
Leonard  applied  the  Bambi  stan- 
dard in  defending  the  mega-hit 
Jurassic  Park,  populated  though  it 
is  with  rampaging  killer-dinosaurs. 
He  declared,  "In  some  ways  what 
happened  in  Bambi  was  more 
violent." 

The  Bambi  myth  had  its  liter- 
ary roots  in  Freud's  Vienna. 
Bambi's  creator,  Felix  Salten, 
was  a  newspaper  drama  critic, 
an  aristocrat  who  acquired  a  pri- 
vate hunting  preserve  but  who 
became  an  ardent  animal-lover, 
and  the  secret  author  of  a  noto- 
rious classic  of  Viennese  pornography.  His 
Bambi:  A  Forest  Life  is  filled  with  forest 
carnage,  some  of  it  man-made,  much  of  it 
animal-against-animal.  The  human  pres- 
ence is  not  only  dangerous  but  corrupting. 
Getting  maimed  or  killed  by  man  proves  to 
be  less  dreadful  than  being  befriended  by 
him,  Cartmill  observes  in  his  summary. 
Wounded  in  a  game  drive,  one  deer  is 
taken  away  by  the  hunters  and  made  into  a 
pet,  returned  to  the  forest  with  a  collar 
around  his  neck,  transformed  into  a  prose- 
lytizer  for  human  decency,  then — as  he 
joyously  seeks  out  another  human  contact — 
coolly  shot  and  turned  into  a  screaming, 
bloody  pulp.  The  English  translation  of 
Bambi  appeared  in  1928.  The  translator 
was  Whittaker  Chambers,  a  young  mem- 
ber of  the  Communist  Party  who  would 
become  famous  as  Richard  Nixon's  star 
witness  in  the  Alger  Hiss  case. 

Work  on  the  Walt  Disney  version  of 
Bambi  began  in  1937.  Although  it  was  the 
second  feature  that  Disney  put  into  pro- 
duction, after  Snow  White,  it  was  the  fifth 
to  be  released.  Cartmill  notes  that  the  sub- 
ject presented  serious  challenges  to  the  art 
of  animation:  "Disney  knew  from  the  start 
that  what  Salten  had  to  say  about  life, 
death,  suffering,  and  God  could  not  be  put 


Peaceful  coexistence:  on  Cartmill  s  farm ,  boundaries  between 
the  human  and  natural  worlds  are  blurred 


Beginning  with  Disney's 
Bambi,  animated  films 

have  propagated  a 

powerful  anti-hunting 

theme:  "Four  legs  good, 

two  legs  bad." 


in  the  mouth  of  a  cartoon  deer  that  looked 
like  Clarabelle  Cow  with  antlers.  To  have 
the  potential  for  tragedy,  the  animated 
deer  had  to  move  with  authority  and 
grace."  But  there  were  also  shifts  in  the 
story  line.  Between  late  1937  and  1939,  a 
fierce  earnestness  crept  over  the  writers 
working  on  Bambi,  says  Cartmill,  who 
researched  the  company's  archives.  The 
hardening  attitude  had  a  lot  to  do  with  the 
rumblings  of  war.  By  September  1,  1939, 
the  film's  story  editor  was  telling  Disney 
that  all  predators  other  than  humans  had 
to  be  excised  from  the  script.  That  same 
day,  German  troops  invaded  Poland. 


Walt  Disney  singled  out 
Bambi  as  the  favorite  of  his  pro- 
ductions. Its  theme,  Cartmill 
says,  isn't  surprising  in  view  of 
Walt  Disney's  idyllic  memories 
of  growing  up  on  his  family's 
farm.  The  animal  friends  he 
made  there  turn  up  again  and 
again  in  his  films.  When  the 
family  arrived,  the  farm  was  over- 
run by  rabbits — a  source  of  awe 
for  Walt  but  not  for  his  older 
brother,  Roy,  who  dispatched  one 
with  his  air  rifle.  Walt  was  hor- 
rified, and  he  refused  to  touch 
the  rabbit  stew  their  mother 
served  up  that  evening.  As 
Cartmill  puts  it,  "The  contrast 
that  this  incident  embodied 
between  innocent  animal  desire 
and  malign  human  contrivance 
was  to  recur  in  several  Disney 
films.  He  would  impress  that 
love-and-death  opposition  on 
the  world  with  particular  force 
in  Bambi." 

Some  Disney  executives, 
though,  had  an  ambivalent  atti- 
tude toward  the  finished  prod- 
uct. Cartmill  says  there  was  an 
g  effort  to  come  up  with  a  Bambi 
5  sequel.  The  idea  was  that  "Bambi 
5  was  too  much  of  a  sermon  to 
hunters."  More  than  that,  "At 
least  some  in  the  Disney  organi- 
zation thought  there  was  a  prob- 
lem with  Bambi  in  that  it  was  kind  of  mis- 
anthropic." (Cartmill  mentions  that  the 
film  is  filled  with  subtle  touches  like  a  flock 
of  crows  moving  across  the  screen  cawing, 
"Man,  man,  man.")  The  Disney  people 
"wanted  a  sequel  that  would  be  the  same 
kind  of  talking-animal  movie  but  that 
would  make  human  beings  a  part  of  the 
animals'  world.  Human  beings  and  animals 
would  be  seen  as  acting  together  in  some 
way  to  oppose  threats  from  the  forces  of 
nature.  They  did  not  want  to  have  a  man- 
versus-the-animals  scenario." 

In  the  end,  the  sequel  idea  was  dropped. 
Script-writers  were  frustrated  in  trying  to 
develop  dramatic  tension.  "They  couldn't 
come  up  with  an  interesting  plot  line  that 
was  based  on  the  premise  that  human 
beings  and  animals  were  friends  with  each 
other  and  could  work  together  to  achieve 
common  ends.  They  wanted  to  get  the 
misanthropy  out,  and  they  couldn't  find  a 
way  to  do  it  that  would  produce  an  inter- 
esting script,  so  they  stuck  it  on  the  shelf 
and  it  remained  there  forever." 

Misanthropy  may  be  out  as  a  theme,  but 
the  anti-hunting  trend  goes  on  in  animated 
films.  Cartmill  mentions  The  Rescuers  Down 
Under  and  The  Last  Rain  Forest.  "Again 
and  again  in  animated  films  aimed  at  chil- 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


dren,  it's  four  legs  good,  two  legs  bad. 
Hunters  are  vicious  and  wicked;  it's  easy  to 
show  them  that  way."  As  an  art  form,  ani- 
mation almost  demands  that  animals  be 
cuddly  and  humans  unsympathetic  and 
marginal,  Cartmill  says.  "There  has  to  be  a 
reason  why  the  most  beloved  and  effective 
animated  films  are  about  talking  rabbits 
and  ducks  and  mice  and  deer,  and  the 
human  characters  are  more  or  less  inciden- 
tal. It's  next  to  impossible  to  animate  a 
human  figure  in  a  way  that  makes  it  as 
sympathetic  as  Bambi  or  Roger  Rabbit." 
When  human  characters  are  animated  with 
too  little  exaggeration,  they  come  across  as 
stiff  and  wooden;  when  animated  with  a 
lot  of  exaggeration,  they  come  to  life  only 
as  comic  grotesques. 

The  cultural  objects  that  dominate  our 
children's  lives  have  "a  peculiar  focus  on 
talking  animals,"  Cartmill  says.  Children's 
books  and  toys,  as  well  as  movies,  are  dom- 
inated by  "dressed-up,  anthropomorphic 
talking  animals."  Hunting  opponents  have 
been  influenced  by  such  "animalization  of 
children's  culture,"  he  says.  "From  the  very 
beginnings  of  the  movement  to  try  to  get 
people  to  be  kind  to  animals,  people  have 
been  telling  talking-animal  stories  to  chil- 
dren. The  object  is  to  see  animals  as  sub- 


jects, as  selves,  as  something  like  them." 
Cartmill  finds  that  hunting  is  celebrated 
in  modern  American  culture  in  one  rather 
odd  respect — with  the  notion  that  aborigi- 
nal hunters  are  good.  "American  Indian 
hunters  are  good,  are  friends  of  the  ani- 
mals, have  reverence  for  nature.  There's  a 
widespread  feeling  that  when  white  people 
go  out  and  kill  buffalo,  it's  a  symbolic  rep- 
resentation of  imperialism,  whereas  when 
American  Indians  go  out  and  kill  buffalo, 
it's  nature."  The  earliest  proposals  for 
national  parks  wanted  to  see  them  also  as 
Indian  reservations,  because,  in  their  view, 
"the  Indians  were  part  of  the  fauna  that 
needed  to  be  preserved  so  that  the  natural 
order  is  in  balance."  From  that  perspective, 
says  Cartmill,  "Hunting  is  all  right  if  it's 
done  with  fairly  rudimentary  technology 
by  people  who  don't  have  steam  engines 
and  electricity." 

Even  if  hunting  is  not  uniquely  or 
importantly  human,  its  symbolic  signifi- 
cance hasn't  diminished  in  marking  the 
boundary  between  the  world  constructed 
by  humans  and  the  world  apart  from 
humans,  Cartmill  says.  That  boundary — 
however  fuzzy — is  implicit  in  our  culture, 
in  all  of  our  "nature  camps"  and  "nature 
walks."  The  big  question  is  whether  or  not 


we  choose  to  extend  moral  considerations 
to  the  kingdom  of  the  wild.  And  that 
prompts  other,  troubling,  questions  that  go 
beyond  the  hunt.  If  you  spot  a  wolf  about 
to  kill  a  baby,  are  you  morally  bound  to 
intervene  to  kill  the  wolf?  Most  would  say 
yes.  But  what  if  you  spot  a  wolf  about  to 
kill  a  rabbit?  If  you  think  human  culture 
should  embrace  the  wild,  would  you  see  a 
moral  obligation  to  stop  predation?  Should 
we  pen  up  all  the  wolves  in  the  world  and 
feed  them  diets  of  dog  food? 

Despite  opposing  messages  in  our  cul- 
ture, Cartmill  thinks  there  will  always  be 
travelers  from  the  human  world  into  the 
natural  world  who  carry  out  the  ritual  of 
the  hunt.  Cartmill  mentions  the  account 
of  "a  guy  in  the  upper  peninsula  of  Michi- 
gan who  every  year  goes  out  in  the  forest 
with  a  pack  of  hunting  dogs  and  a  spear. 
He  takes  off  all  his  clothes,  and  he  spends 
two  days  running  through  the  forest  naked 
trying  to  kill  deer  with  the  spear." 

That's  "sort  of  an  extreme  case,"  he  says, 
"but  there  are  a  lot  of  people  out  hunting 
deer  with  bows  or  with  muzzle-loading 
rifles."  For  a  breed  of  thrill-seekers,  a  view 
to  a  death  in  the  morning  is  still  worth 
a  shot.  ■ 


A  HUNTER'S  DEFENSE 


Why  do  hunters  hunt? 
Duke  anthropologist 
Matt  Cartmill  says 
there's  no  identifiable  "hunting 
mentality."  On  that  issue,  at  least 
one  hunter,  John  Walters  '78, 
would  agree  with  Cartmill.  But 
Walters — who  says  he's  hunted 
since  the  age  of  twelve — is  not  par- 
ticularly sympathetic  to  critiques  of 
hunting. 

Walters  grew  up  in  Bethlehem, 
Pennsylvania.  It  was  an  area  where 
there  was  "a  heritage  of  hunting" 
and  a  lot  of  undeveloped  land,  he 
says.  Hunting  and  consuming  the 
"harvest"  from  hunting  were,  for 
him,  very  much  an  extended-fam- 
ily affair.  He's  now  a  regional  man- 
ager for  Environmental  Specialties, 
which  does  construction  work  for 
scientific  installations.  Favoring  a 
bow — which  delivers  an  arrow  at 
300  feet  per  second — Walters  hunts 
in  the  Delaware  Water  Gap 
National  Recreation  Area  in  north- 
western New  Jersey. 

During  hunting  season,  which 
extends  from  September  to  Janu- 
ary, he'll  go  bow-hunting  several 
times  a  week.  He  characterizes 
hunting  as  a  "communing  with 
nature"  that  provides  an  escape 
from  the  workaday  world.  "I  can 
solve  a  lot  of  problems  while  I'm 
sitting  there"  in  a  tree  stand,  he 
says.  "It's  good  quiet  time." 


Bow-hunting  entails  lots  of  self- 
discipline— "skill,  not  luck,"  Wal- 
ters says.  For  hours  at  a  time,  typi- 
cally beginning  well  before 
daylight,  he'll  stay  within  a  "zone" 
defined  by  ten  to  twenty  yards  in 
any  direction.  "I  go  to  great  lengths 
to  get  close  to  animals  that  are 
very,  very  wary.  I've  got  to  have 
the  animal  enter  that  zone  and  be 
unaware  of  my  presence.  I've  got 
to  cover  up  my  scent,  hunt  with 
the  wind,  be  fully  camouflaged." 

With  outdoor  interests  that 


extend  to  fishing,  hiking,  and  pho- 
tographing wildlife,  Walters  sees  his 
hunting  pursuit  as  an  extension  of 
his  "appreciation  of  nature."  He 
says,  "I  totally  respect  nature.  I 
don't  go  out  there  to  screw  it  up.  I 
go  out  there  to  enjoy  it,  to  learn 
about  it.  Having  a  successful  day 
doesn't  mean  taking  every  oppor- 
tunity to  shoot  something.  Having 
a  successful  day  means  going  out 
and  seeing  nature." 

Deer  and  other  animals  will 
come  within  range,  and  "some- 


times I  take  the  shot,  and 
I  don't,"  he  says.  "What  drives  me  is 
not  the  idea  that  I  need  to  go  and 
kill  something.  I'm  very  serious 
about  when  I  decide  to  take  an  ani- 
mal's life.  I  don't  take  a  shot  unless 
I'm  absolutely  sure  it's  going  to  be 
quick  and  humane.  I  would  never 
shoot  something  I  was  not  going  to 
use;  I  don't  hunt  for  trophies." 

Walters'  usual  hunting  prey  are 
deer;  he  says  he  won't  pursue  wild 
turkeys  because  "there  aren't 
enough  of  them,  plus  they're  beau- 
tiful animals,  and  I  don't  enjoy 
hunting  them."  And  for  a  six-year 
stretch,  he  gave  up  hunting 
entirely.  The  cause  of  his  second 
thoughts  was  a  rough  encounter 
with  a  grouse  he  had  just  killed.  "It 
fell  into  the  fresh  snow,  I  walked 
up  to  it,  and  I  just  felt  terrible:  Why 
did  I  do  it?" 

Walters  has  seen  Disney's  Bambi, 
but  he  shrugs  off  the  anti-hunting 
message,  and  anti-hunters.  "Any- 
body gets  out  of  that  movie  what 
they  want,"  he  says.  "I'm  not  going 
to  lock  horns  with  these  people. 
They  have  no  concept  of  what 
hunting  is  about,  and  it's  hard  to 
explain  it  to  them.  I  do  usually  ask 
them  whether  they're  vegetarian.  If 
they  say  no,  I  say,  don't  talk  to  me 
about  animal  rights." 


Animal  sightings:  whether  shooting  u'ith  a  how  or  merely  observing  with  binoculars , 
hunting  enthusiast  Walters  says  he  enjoys  "communing  with  nature" 


MggsMBliUmMggM 

THE 

TENURE 

YEARS 

BY  BRIDGET  BOOHER 

TRAUMAS  AND  TRIUMPHS: 

j 
i 

ENDURING  DECISIONS 

By  design  a  confidential  procedure,  tenure  has  become 
a  topic  for  public  discussion.  Hie  debate  raises  some 
intriguing  questions  about  how  a  university  defines 
itself  and  shapes  its  future,  what  it  values  as  a  com- 
munity, and  what  it  expects  from  its  members. 

^B   ^H     oving  boxes  are  stacked  above 
BBflH    eye-level  in  the  temporary  of- 
■  ■VH  fice  Ted  Campbell  occupies. 
^B  ^m    ^B  The  divinity  school  assistant 
professor  should  be  on  his  way  to  a  new  job 
at  Wesley  Theological  Seminary  by  now, 
but  the  sale  of  his  house  in  Durham  fell 
through.  Campbell,  who  came  to  Duke  in 
1985,  is  tying  up  the  last  loose  ends  of  an 
eight-year  period  spent  pursuing  a  reward 
that  ultimately  eluded  him:  being  recog- 
nized by  his  colleagues  and  peers  as  an 
exceptional  teacher  and  scholar,  deserving 
of  job  security  and  lifelong  support — in  a 
word,  tenure. 

"Everyone  said,  'It's  a  cinch,  you've  got  it, 
you've  done  what's  required,' "  says  Camp- 
bell, a  soft-spoken  man  in  his  late  thirties. 
"So    I    did   not   anticipate   being   turned 
down.  This  was  my  naivete." 

Over  on  East  Campus,  assistant  professor 
of  music  Bryan  Gilliam  takes  advantage  of 
a  summer  semester  lull  to  get  his  office  in 
order.  Awarded  tenure  this  year,  Gilliam 

says  that  if  the  vote  had  gone  against  him, 
he  might  have  quit  academe  altogether. 

"It's  very  difficult  to  get  a  job  in  musi- 
cology,"  says  Gilliam,  who  came  to  Duke 
as  a  tenure-track  faculty  member  one  year 
after  Campbell.  "The  jobs  are  extremely 
scarce,  and  they're  even  more  scarce  when 
you  come  up  to  the  tenure  level.  I'm  at  an 
age  where,  without  a  doubt,  I  would  have 
had  to  move  somewhere.  My  wife  is  in 
[OB/GYN]  private  practice,  and  for  her  to 
pull  up  stakes,  and  sever  relationships  with 
women  who  put  their  trust  in  her,  was 
something  I'm  not  sure  I  was  ready  to  do." 

Both  Campbell  and  Gilliam  can  attest  to 
the  rigors  of  seeking  tenure.  No  one  in- 
volved, either  immediately  or  peripherally — 
faculty,  administrators,  students — claims 
that  it  is  an  easy  or  clear-cut  system.  In 
fact,  the  significance  of  the  decision  guar- 
antees that  each  case  is  considered  in 
painstaking  detail.  In  the  business  world,  a 
job  promotion  doesn't  guarantee  that  your 
position  is  protected.  But  awarding  a  schol- 

DUKE   MAGAZINE 


m 


ar  tenure  is  a  binding  and  nearly  always  ir- 
reversible contract.  It's  a  promise  akin  to 
taking  a  marriage  vow,  with  each  party 
agreeing  to  support  and  contribute  to  the 
larger  entity.  Unlike  the  majority  of  mar- 
riages, the  relationship  between  a  tenured 
faculty  member  and  his  or  her  institution 
lasts  an  average  of  thirty  years,  or  longer. 

In  the  last  year,  the  tenure  process  at 
Duke  has  come  under  close  scrutiny  be- 
cause of  several  high-profile  cases.  In  per- 
haps the  thorniest  of  them  all,  political  sci- 
entist Timothy  Lomperis'  eight-year  career 
at  Duke  ended  with  a  narrow-margin  disap- 
proval within  his  department,  a  subsequent 
unfavorable  ruling  by  an  independent  fac- 
ulty committee  and  the  provost,  and  public 
complaints — from  students  and  faculty  mem- 
bers alike — about  the  decisions  surround- 
ing a  popular  professor.  A  faculty  hearing 
committee  is  now  considering  whether  any 
procedural  errors  were  made. 

Other  colleges  and  universities  are  grap- 
pling with  similar  close-call  cases.  Rejected 
faculty  don't  always  go  away  quietly:  They 
may  launch  protracted  appeals  or  even  sue 
the  institution  for  breach  of  process,  or  for 
sexual  or  racial  discrimination.  Given  the 
increasingly  litigious  nature  of  American 
society,  it's  not  surprising  to  find  such  mat- 
ters creeping  into  the  ivory  towers. 

And  so  tenure,  which  is  by  design  a 
confidential  procedure — so  designed  to  en- 
courage candid  assessments — has  become  a 
topic  for  public  discussion  and  speculation. 
The  debate  raises  some  intriguing  ques- 
tions about  how  a  university  defines  itself 
and  shapes  its  future,  what  it  values  as  a 
community,  and  what  it  expects  from  its 
members.  But  just  what  does  a  university 
require  for  tenure?  How  is  the  breadth  and 
depth  of  original  research  weighed?  How  is 
good  classroom  teaching  assessed?  How 
much,  if  at  all,  should  personal  compatibil- 
ity influence  departmental  decisions?  The 
answers  can  be  elusive. 

"Part  of  my  frustration  with  this  process," 
says  Ted  Campbell,  "was  that  no  one  ever 
asked  me  what  I  thought.  My  divinity 
school  committee  gave  me  a  favorable 
review,  and  then  it  went  to  the  [Appoint- 
ments, Promotions  6k  Tenure]  committee, 
and  it's  a  mystery  from  that  point.  Nobody 
knows  what  they're  thinking  or  when  they'll 
reach  a  decision.  While  they  reviewed  my 
case,  I  waited  and  waited  and  waited  while 
other  cases  sent  to  them  after  mine  were 
decided  quickly.  I'll  be  the  first  to  admit 
there  were  criticisms  about  my  work,  but  I 
never  had  the  chance  to  defend  my  schol- 
arship, and  that  seems  wrong." 

General  guidelines  for  hiring,  promo- 
tion, and  tenure  are  described  in  the  Facul- 
ty Handbook  and  a  supplemental  booklet, 
Procedures  for  Appointments,  Reappointments, 
arid  Promotions  in  Arts  and  Sciences.  In  a 


Tenure  is  awarded,"  says 

Provost  Langford. 

"It  is  not  simply  given  to 

someone  who  reaches 

a  certain  point 
in  his  or  her  career." 


nutshell,  the  review  process  involves  the 
candidate's  department,  the  provost  and  the 
appropriate  dean,  and  the  Appointments, 
Promotions  6k  Tenure  (AP6kT)  committee. 
A  dossier  is  compiled  that  includes  inde- 
pendent outside  evaluations  of  the  per- 
son's work  by  respected  scholars  in  the 
field;  supplemental  letters  from  colleagues; 
critiques  of  the  person's  teaching  ability 
and  course  content;  a  record  of  the  candi- 
date's service  to  the  department  and  uni- 
versity; and  information  on  whether  the 
person  was  successful  in  attracting  outside 
funding,  such  as  research  grants.  Obtain- 
ing tenure  can  take  as  long  as  eight  years, 
depending  on  when  in  his  or  her  career  a 
faculty  member  arrives  at  Duke. 

For  zoology  professor  Cathy  Laurie,  the 
outgoing  chair  of  the  AP6kT  committee, 
each  case  presents  its  own  set  of  challenges. 
"There  are  some  so  clearly  outstanding  that 
they're  a  breeze  to  go  through,  but  usually 
there  are  certain  complexities,"  says  Laurie, 
who  will  continue  to  serve  on  the  commit- 
tee. Before  meeting  formally,  she  says,  each 
member  of  the  AP6kT  committee  spends 
approximately  three  or  four  hours  review- 
ing dossier  material.  As  a  group,  they  typi- 
cally discuss  each  case  twice. 

The  site  for  these  AP6kT  meetings  is  the 
imposing  second-floor  conference  room  of 
the  Allen  Building,  where  the  board  of 
trustees  convenes.  It's  a  suitably  sober  envi- 
ronment for  deliberations  that  involve  not 
only  the  future  of  the  particular  scholar,  but 
the  future  of  the  university  as  well:  With 
appointments  lasting  twenty  to  forty  years, 
awarding  tenure  is  a  major  financial  commit- 
ment of  the  university's  resources.  In  a  larger 
sense,  tenure  decisions  in  the  aggregate — 
which  define  the  quality  of  the  faculty — 
largely  define  the  quality  of  the  institution. 

"It's  a  very  heavy  responsibility  and  a  very 
difficult  job  to  do,"  says  Laurie.  "I  think 
everyone  feels  the  weight  of  that  responsi- 
bility." In  those  instances  when  the  com- 
mittee votes  not  to  offer  tenure,  Laurie  says 
the  overall  mood  "is  a  kind  of  depression. 
It's  sad  to  have  to  make  those  decisions." 

After  the  AP6kT  committee  completes  its 


own  review,  it  interviews  the  department 
chair  and  dean  about  the  candidate,  and  then 
makes  its  recommendation  to  the  provost. 

As  art  history  professor  Annabel  Whar- 
ton sees  the  system,  tenure  review  has  be- 
come even  more  accountable  than  when  her 
case  came  up  for  consideration  in  the  mid- 
Eighties.  Although  her  department  voted 
nearly  unanimously  on  her  behalf,  the 
AP6kT  committee  rejected  her.  Three  of 
Wharton's  colleagues  from  another  depart- 
ment expressed  their  dismay  over  the  rul- 
ing to  then-chancellor  (and  later  president) 
H.  Keith  H.  Brodie,  who  looked  into  the 
case  and  discovered  a  number  of  procedural 
errors  that  had  been  made  along  the  way. 

Wharton  went  on  to  receive  tenure,  but 
she  had  to  go  through  the  entire  process 
again,  a  year-long  ordeal  that  took  an 
enormous  toll,  including  the  break-up  of 
her  marriage.  "The  rubber  band  had  been 
stretched  too  tight,"  she  says.  "So  it  really 
had  deep  and  personal  ramifications." 

Since  then,  additional  safeguards  have 
been  incorporated  into  the  process,  such  as 
numbering  all  documents  in  a  candidate's 
dossier  to  guard  against  deletions,  acciden- 
tal or  otherwise.  But  Wharton  will  be  the 
first  to  tell  you  she  does  not  envy  the 
APekT  committee  its  formidable  assign- 
ment. The  tenure  system  "is  still  a  mysteri- 
ous process,  but  I  don't  think  it's  mysteri- 
ous just  to  the  people  who  are  subject  to  it. 
It's  also  mysterious  to  the  people  who  do  it. 
I've  had  friends  on  the  AP6kT  committee 
who  find  the  whole  process  a  really  difficult, 
soul-wrenching,  serious  thing.  They  muddle 
through  because  the  decisions  are  rarely 
black  and  white.  They  do  the  best  job  they 
can;  I  really  believe  that's  the  case." 

Other  faculty  members  agree  with  Ted 
Campbell's  assertions  that  the  AP6kT  com- 
mittee's inscrutable,  behind-closed-door 
deliberations  can  be  nerve-wracking.  But 
Bryan  Gilliam,  on  the  advice  of  a  tenured 
colleague  at  another  institution,  worked  to 
eliminate,  at  least  in  his  own  mind,  any 
doubts  of  insufficient  scholarship. 

"My  philosophy  was  overkill,"  he  says.  "I 
organized  a  conference,  which  was  funded 
through  an  NEH  grant.  I  was  involved  in 
an  international  music  festival,  wrote  numer- 
ous articles  and  three  books,  two  of  which 
I  edited.  I  can't  emphasize  enough  the  dif- 
ficulty of  doing  all  this,  not  to  mention  the 
teaching  workload,  while  married  to  a 
woman  who  also  works  full-time,  and  you're 
both  trying  to  raise  two  young  kids.  It's  a 
juggling  act." 

Still,  Gilliam  says  the  actual  announce- 
ment came  as  a  pleasant  surprise.  At  the 
time,  he  was  serving  as  interim  director  of 
graduate  studies  for  the  music  department — 
he's  since  been  appointed  director — and 
he  received  an  urgent  message  from  the 
department  chair.  Thinking  it  involved  an 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


administrative  matter,  he  returned  the  call 
from  his  car  phone.  "He  said,  'Congratula- 
tions, you  have  tenure,'"  recalls  Gilliam.  "If 
he  had  told  me  that  I  didn't  get  it,  I  might 
have  driven  into  a  tree."  He  and  his  family 
"celebrated"  that  night  by  going  to  Pizza  Hut 
and  drinking  flat  Coke  while  the  new  wait- 
ress ignored  their  table.  "It  was,"  Gilliam 
recalls,  "something  of  an  anti-climax." 

Joking  aside,  Gilliam  says  he  thinks  that 
any  institution  gives  signals,  either  explicit 
or  subtle,  about  what's  required  of  tenure 
hopefuls.  "It's  never  entirely  clear  cut,"  he 
concedes.  "On  the  other  hand,  the  tenure 
process  is  a  very  old  process,  and  from  the 
time  you're  a  graduate  student,  you  watch 


and  see  people  who  get  it  and  people  who 
don't.  So  although  nothing  is  ever  spelled 
out,  you  develop  a  gut  feeling  about  what 
needs  to  be  done." 

The  deans,  for  their  part,  attempt  to 
clarify  tenure  expectations.  But  the  evalu- 
ation of  excellence  is  not  a  cut-and-dried 
matter;  it  involves  other  scholars'  assess- 
ments of  one's  achievements.  The  issue  is 
quality,  not  quantity. 

In  theory,  there  are  three  areas  in  which 
a  faculty  member  at  an  American  college  or 
university  should  excel:  teaching,  service, 
and  research.  As  outlined  in  The  Carnegie 
Foundation  for  the  Advancement  of  Teach- 
ing report  Scholarship  Reconsidered:  Priori- 


ties of  the  Professoriate,  these  developed  his- 
torically in  response  to  different  national 
needs  and  social  pressures.  And,  obviously, 
the  changes  in  higher  education  were 
directly  reflected  in  what  was  expected  of 
the  faculty. 

Teaching  was  central  to  the  British- 
modeled  colonial  college,  which  empha- 
sized the  student's  spiritual,  moral,  and 
intellectual  growth.  Higher  education  was 
fairly  insular;  undergraduates  were  the  cen- 
tral focus  of  the  professoriate.  As  the  country 
grew  impressively  in  sectors  such  as  manu- 
facturing and  agriculture,  colleges  and  uni- 
versities added  instruction  that  addressed 
pragmatic  concerns.  Learning  was  no  longer 


July-Augu: 


I  993 


strictly  a  privilege  of  aristocratic  families, 
but  also  available  and  affordable  to  (mostly) 
men  who  wanted  to  use  knowledge  for  prac- 
tical purposes.  Faculty  saw  their  mission  as 
not  only  enlightening  young  students  but 
also  serving  and  shaping  the  needs  of  a 
developing  nation.  And  as  scientific  dis- 
covery blossomed  in  the  mid-nineteenth 
century,  America  looked  to  research- 
intensive  German  universities  for  inspira- 
tion. The  size  and  scope  of  scientific  efforts 
on  campuses  increased,  and  basic  research 
gradually  became  an  integral  part  of  higher 
education.  Faculty  began  to  view  them- 
selves as  pioneers  and  pacesetters,  and  there 
was  a  shift  away  from  a  strictly  undergrad- 
uate orientation. 

The  development  of  a  formalized  tenure 
system  was  not  tied  directly  to  any  of  these 
changes  in  higher  education,  but  to  notions 
of  academic  autonomy.  At  the  turn  of  the 
century,  a  faculty  member  at  Stanford  Uni- 
versity published  ideas  that  the  university 
founder's  widow  found  objectionable.  She 
demanded  his  dismissal,  and  in  the  ensuing 
controversy,  the  American  Association  of 
University  Professors  was  established.  Ded- 
icated to  protecting  scholars'  academic 
freedom,  the  AAUP  helped  formalize  the 
tenure  process  as  we  know  it  today. 

In  a  Duke  Press  book  that  he  edited, 
Freedom  and  Tenure  in  the  Academy,  Duke 
law  school  professor  and  First  Amendment 
authority  William  Van  Alstyne  examines 
the  1940  "Statement  of  Principles  on  Aca- 
demic Freedom  and  Tenure."  The  mile- 
stone statement  was  prepared  jointly  by  the 
AAUP  and  the  college  administrators. 
Tenure,  declares  the  statement,  is  meant  to 
guarantee  "freedom  of  teaching  and  re- 
search and  of  extramural  activities"  as  well 
as  "a  sufficient  degree  of  economic  security 
to  make  the  profession  attractive  to  men 
and  women  of  ability.  Freedom  and  eco- 
nomic security,  hence,  tenure,  are  indis- 
pensable to  the  success  of  an  institution  in 
fulfilling  its  obligations  to  its  students  and 
to  society."  Van  Alstyne  observes  that  the 
statement  steps  on  the  toes  of  those  who 
believe,  for  example,  that  arbitration 
should  be  substituted  for  peer  review,  and 
that  it  is  out  of  touch  with  newer  develop- 
ments— among  them,  the  increase  in  the 
number  of  professorial  part-timers  and  rolling 
short-term  contracts.  But  it  "serves  the 
enduring  interests  of  the  academic  profes- 
sion and  the  academic  enterprise,"  he  writes. 

While  tenure  was  established  to  protect  a 
scholar's  freedom  of  speech  in  the  classroom 
and  in  scholarly  research,  on  another  level  it 
simply  means  job  security.  Van  Alstyne 
writes  that  tenure,  strictly  interpreted,  lays  no 
claim  to  "a  guarantee  of  lifetime  employ- 
ment." It  does  mandate,  though,  that  the 
individual  can't  be  dismissed  "without  ade- 
quate cause" — a  stipulation  that  places  a 


"There's  been  a  lot 

about  good  teachers 

not  getting  tenure,  but 

I  wish  there  was  more 

about  good  teachers  who 

do  get  tenure." 


considerable  burden  on  the  institution. 

The  granting  of  tenure  hinges  on  a  schol- 
ar's contribution  to  research,  teaching,  and 
service.  Depending  on  the  institution's  pri- 
orities, more  weight  may  be  given  to  one 
area  than  another.  At  an  undergraduate  lib- 
eral arts  college,  for  example,  the  emphasis 
on  teaching  might  require  professors  to  take 
on  heavier  class  loads  than  faculty  at  a  re- 
search university  carry.  Some  institutions 
have  experimented  with  having  two  tenure 
tracks,  one  for  teaching  and  one  for  research. 

But  because  Duke  is  a  leading  research 
institution  that  asks  its  faculty  to  excel  at 
both  research  and  teaching,  there  is  a  deli- 
cate balancing  act  when  assessing  a  candi- 
date's total  contribution.  Given  the  demands 
on  faculty  time,  for  example,  the  universi- 
ty is  reluctant  to  ask  junior  faculty  to  serve 
on  countless  committees.  Service,  then,  is 
an  important  but  not  central  facet  of  the 
tenure  consideration  process. 

Trinity  College  Dean  Richard  White  rec- 
ognizes the  tension  that  this  can  create  for 
instructors  and  undergraduates  alike.  "I  have 
tenure-track  faculty  come  to  me  and  say,  'I 
would  love  to  participate  in  this  seminar 
students  have  organized,  but  given  time 
constraints  with  my  research,  my  teaching, 
and  my  family,  I  don't  know  that  I  can 
come  back  to  campus  on  a  Tuesday  night.' 
We  have  a  hard  time  finding  junior  faculty 
for  the  judicial  board,  for  example.  So  as  we 
look  at  the  distribution  of  university  ser- 
vice responsibilities,  we  try  to  keep  those 
[service-oriented  requests]  to  a  minimum." 

According  to  the  "Criteria  For  Tenure" 
section  of  the  Procedures  for  Appointments, 
Reappointments  and  Promotions  in  Arts  and 
Sciences,  distributed  annually  to  all  tenure- 
track  faculty,  tenure  is  "reserved  for  those 
who  have  clearly  demonstrated  through 
their  performance  as  scholars  and  teachers 
that  their  work  has  been  widely  perceived 

among  their  peers  as  outstanding Good 

teaching  and  university  service  should  be 
expected  but  cannot  in  and  of  themselves  be 
sufficient  grounds  for  tenure.  The  expecta- 
tion of  continuous  intellectual  development 
and  leadership  as  demonstrated  by  pub- 
lished scholarship   that   is  recognized   by 


leading  scholars  at  Duke  and  elsewhere 
must  be  an  indispensable  qualification  for 
tenure " 

Pressures  to  perform  as  scholars  have  led 
to  student  complaints  that  faculty — not 
just  tenure  track,  but  tenured  as  well — dis- 
appear from  campus  when  classes  end  and 
are  unavailable  for  the  informal  discus- 
sions and  socializing  that  fosters  continued 
intellectual  growth.  In  his  recent  report, 
We  Work  Hard,  We  Play  Hard,  Duke's 
dean  of  the  Chapel,  William  Willimon, 
relays  an  incident  in  which  a  group  of  first- 
year  students,  with  assistance  from  the 
religious  life  staff,  invited  fifteen  tenured 
and  non-tenured  faculty  members  to  par- 
ticipate on  a  panel  discussion  about  acade- 
mic life.  Only  two  of  the  invitees  agreed  to 
come,  one  of  whom  dropped  out  after 
being  denied  tenure.  Organizers  say  dis- 
tance may  have  been  a  factor — the  panel 
discussion  was  part  of  a  retreat  held  an 
hour  outside  of  Durham — but  the  experi- 
ence left  students  feeling  frustrated. 

Given  the  de-emphasis  of  service  during 
the  tenure  process,  junior-level  faculty  may 
continue  to  discount  its  importance  once 
they've  been  awarded  tenure.  The  repercus- 
sions, writes  Willimon,  are  grave.  "Ironical- 
ly, with  faculty  and  adults  mostly  absent 
from  campus,  especially  during  evening 
hours  and  weekends  when  students  are 
most  socially  active,  even  during  lunch 
when  faculty  are  eating  in  their  offices  or 
are  dining  in  the  restricted  Faculty  Com- 
mons, opportunities  for  student  observation 
of  their  elders  are  virtually  non-existent." 

But  Provost  Thomas  Langford  B.D.  '54, 
Ph.D.  '58  points  out  that  the  expectations 
and  disappointments  can  work  both  ways. 
When  he  was  chair  of  the  religion  depart- 
ment in  the  Sixties,  he  says,  he  and  other 
faculty  members  heard  similar  criticisms 
and  decided  to  make  a  concerted  effort  to 
spend  time  with  students.  "We  invited 
them  into  our  homes,  we  made  ourselves 
available  in  the  library  or  the  Dope  Shop. 
If  someone  had  just  published  a  book,  they 
would  offer  to  talk  to  a  group  or  read  from  it. 
And  we  got  absolutely  minimal  response 
after  all  that  hue  and  cry.  We  gave  up  this 
special  effort  after  three  semesters.  Stu- 
dents are  busy,  too." 

An  institutional  emphasis  on  excellent 
research,  in  the  view  of  some,  may  cause  a 
devaluing  of  great  teaching.  Rising  sopho- 
more Jeffrey  George  wrote  a  letter  to  The 
Chronicle  decrying  the  Lomperis  decision, 
in  which  he  observed,  "Faculty  involved  in 
research  are  continually  much  more 
rewarded  than  those  professors  who  excel 
in  teaching.  It  is  not  that  professors  don't 
do  both;  it's  just  that,  when  it  really  comes 
down  to  university  standards,  research  out- 
weighs teaching." 

It's  a  criticism  that,  while  heartfelt, 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


exasperates  those  who  attempt  to  see  the 
big  picture.  Instead  of  claiming  there  can 
be  distinct  delineations  of  a  scholar's  tal- 
ents, administrators  and  scholars  alike 
repeatedly  stressed  the  inextricable  nature 
of  research  and  teaching.  Richard  J.  Powell, 
a  recently  tenured  art  historian,  says  he 
can't  imagine  separating  one  from  the  other. 
"As  much  as  I  love  research  and  going 
through  archival  material,"  says  Powell, 
whose  eleven-page  curriculum  vitae  in- 
cludes a  B.A.  from  Morehouse  College,  an 
M.F.A.  from  Howard  University,  and 
M.A.,  M.Phil.,  and  Ph.D.  degrees  from 
Yale,  "I'm  then  anxious  to  get  those  ideas 
out  to  the  public.  And  I  mean  public  in 
the  broadest  sense  of  the  word:  to  my  stu- 
dents and  my  colleagues,  to  artists  and  art 
historians.  Classes  feed  me  intellectually; 
they  allow  me  to  test  out  what  I've  learned 
in  my  research  and  see  if  it  will  sink  or 
swim.  That  balance  is  why  I  came  to  Duke." 

As  AP&T  member  Cathy  Laurie  notes 
wryly,  "There's  been  a  lot  of  talk  and  a  lot 
of  press  about  good  teachers  not  getting 
tenure,  but  I  wish  there  was  more  press 
about  the  good  teachers  who  do  get  ten- 
ure. Because  there  are  a  lot  of  them.  When 
we  evaluate  someone  whose  teaching  is 
excellent  and  the  research  is  not  quite  as 
competitive  as  other  people  who  are  get- 
ting tenure,  you  can't  be  as  enthusiastic  as 
you  are  about  the  ones  who  really  shine  in 
both  areas." 

It's  not  only  the  professor's  classroom  flair 
that  counts  either.  In  analyzing  instruc- 
tion, course  content  is  of  greater  conse- 
quence than  how  the  information  is  dis- 
seminated. Business  professor  Richard 
Burton,  chair  of  the  Academic  Council, 
acknowledges  that  this  can  be  an  under- 
standably frustrating  reality  for  undergrad- 
uates, who  don't  have  the  benefit  of  expo- 
sure to  broader  issues  within  a  given  field. 
Burton  says  that  time  has  given  him  a  dif- 
ferent perspective  on  his  own  student  days. 
"A  few  professors  I  had  were  very  popular, 
and  I  gave  them  extraordinarily  high 
marks,  but  it  wasn't  until  later  that  I  real- 
ized that  what  they  were  teaching  was  out 
of  date.  And  maybe  that's  my  fault  as  a 
student;  maybe  I  should  have  been  more 
diligent.  Some  other  people,  who  were 
pushing  the  frontier  and  teaching  chal- 
lenging material,  I  didn't  give  high  marks 
to,"  he  says,  because  the  subject  matter 
was  not  as  easily  accessible. 

"What  I'm  saying,"  Burton  says,  "is  that 
students  are  very  good  at  judging  delivery 
and  less  good  at  judging  content.  That's 
not  to  say  delivery's  not  important,  but 
you  need  to  have  ongoing  research  to  keep 
teaching  vital." 

Burton's  point  suggests  another  impor- 
tant element  of  the  tenure  process:  The 
decision  to  grant  tenure  not  only  recog- 


nizes past  accomplishments,  but  it  also  says 
that  the  university  expects  that  level  of 
scholarship  to  continue.  Despite  the  under- 
standable relief  junior  faculty  members  feel 
when  they're  approved,  it  not  only  marks 
the  end  of  the  first  stage  of  their  profession- 
al career,  but  the  beginning  of  the  next. 

Says  Provost  Langford,  "Tenure  is  award- 
ed. It  is  not  simply  given  to  someone  who 
reaches  a  certain  point  in  his  or  her  career. 
We  have  to  ask  ourselves:  Will  this  person 
clearly  improve  the  department?  Will  he  or 
she  improve  the  university?  There's  nothing 
easy  about  it.  We  have  made  mistakes.  But 
our  thinking  is,  if  in  doubt,  don't.  So  when 
a  student  comes  to  me  upset  because  a 
teacher  wasn't  tenured,  I  point  out  that  one 
of  the  reasons  Duke  is  so  highly  regarded 
and  selective  is  because  we've  been  making 
these  difficult  decisions  for  years." 

Tenure,  then,  is  an  institutional  way  of 
saying  to  an  academic  that  he  or  she  is 


expected  to  be  a  productive,  influential, 
interesting  scholar  for  the  rest  of  his  or  her 
professional  life.  The  music  department's 
Bryan  Gilliam  says  he  feels  up  to  the  task. 
But  first,  he  wants  to  slow  down  just  a  bit. 

"While  you're  junior  faculty,  you're  con- 
stantly working  and  moving  forward,"  he 
says,  "and  it  has  its  own  momentum.  One  of 
the  nice  things  about  getting  tenure  is  that 
you're  entitled  to  a  sabbatical.  You  get  a 
chance  to  stop  and  think  about  who  you  are 
and  where  you  are  going.  I  don't  feel  that 
I've  had  a  chance  to  stop  and  assess  myself." 

As  Gilliam  finishes  the  thought,  his 
phone  rings.  It's  his  wife,  calling  to  see  if 
he  can  join  her  for  lunch.  Gilliam  cheer- 
fully accepts,  and  after  they  agree  on  a 
time  and  place,  he  replaces  the  receiver. 

"Now  that  I  have  tenure,"  he  says,  with 
equal  parts  humor  and  gratitude,  "I  can 
have  lunch  with  my  wife!"  ■ 


APPROACHING  TENURE,  STEP-BY-STEP 


Outside  of  educational 
circles,  earning  tenure 
might  seem  fairly 
straightforward.  You  work  hard 
for  a  number  of  years,  publish 
various  books  and  articles, 
engage  young  minds  with 
dynamic  teaching,  volunteer 
your  services  to  this  or  that 
committee.  Then,  if  you've 
done  all  these  things,  you  are 
granted  tenure,  and  you 
become  an  esteemed  member 
of  the  university  community. 

But  that's  not  the  way  it 
works.  Tenure  review  takes  into 
account  all  that  a  scholar  has 
done,  a  demanding  and  subjec- 
tive task  in  and  of  itself.  It  also 
attempts  to  gauge  future  accom- 
plishments, a  kind  of  academic 
augury.  Still,  the  actual  evalua- 
tion is  described  step-by-step  in 
the  Faculty  Handbook  and  the 
supplemental  brochure,  Proce- 
dures for  Appointments,  Reap' 
pomrments  and  Promotions  in 
Arts  and  Sciences,  which  is 
revised  annually  and  distributed 
to  all  junior  faculty.  There  is  a 
fall-semester  panel  discussion 
about  tenure,  open  to  all  tenure- 
track  faculty,  to  help  answer 
additional  questions. 

Here's  what  happens:  At  the 
appropriate  time,  the  candi- 
date's department  chair  informs 
him  or  her  that  the  official 
process  is  to  begin,  and  supplies 
the  names  of  people  on  the 
review  committee,  which  may 
include  tenured  faculty  outside 
the  candidate's  department. 
This  group,  nominated  by  the 
department  chair  and  approved 
by  the  dean,  is  responsible  for 
compiling  the  candidate's 
dossier,  which  includes  a  cur- 


riculum vitae,  at  least  six  inde- 
pendent outside  evaluations  of 
the  scholar's  work,  course  and 
teaching  evaluations,  published 
work,  letters  from  committee 
members  or  other  departmental 
colleagues,  and  any  additional 
information,  such  as  written 
notes  of  phone  conversations. 

The  review  committee  then 
evaluates  the  dossier  and  writes 
a  summary  of  its  findings, 
including  such  factors  as  per- 
ceived strengths  or  weaknesses, 
evaluations  of  scholarship,  and 
how  the  person  contributes  to 
the  development  of  the  depart- 
ment and  university  as  a  whole. 
This  entire  package  is  then 
forwarded  to  a  departmental 
group,  which  discusses  it  confi- 
dentially and  votes  by  secret 
ballot  (the  department  chair 
votes  only  in  the  event  of  a  tie). 
This  decision,  and  the  reasons 
behind  it,  are  then  shared  with 
the  candidate  by  the  depart- 
ment chair. 

If  the  department's  vote  is 
negative,  one  copy  of  the 
dossier  is  sent  to  the  dean,  who 
reviews  it  for  completeness,  and 
shares  a  copy  with  the  provost. 
If  the  vote  was  close,  or  other 
unusual  circumstances  warrant 
it,  the  provost  may  forward  the 
dossier  to  the  Appointments, 
Promotions  and  Tenure 
(AP&T)  committee.  Otherwise, 
he  tells  the  dean  and  depart- 
ment chair,  who  relay  the  deci- 
sion to  the  candidate.  When 
denied  tenure,  a  faculty  mem- 
ber usually  has  a  one-year 
period  remaining  in  which  to 
look  for  another  job  and  finish 
his  or  her  campus  obligations. 

If  the  department's  vote  is 


positive,  copies  are  also  shared 
with  the  dean  and  provost,  and 
then  the  AP&T  committee. 
Often,  the  AP&T  committee 
will  request  additional  informa- 
tion, and  may  even  appoint  an 
ad  hoc  committee  of  experts  in 
the  candidate's  field  to  provide 
added  expertise.  Throughout 
the  process,  the  chair  of  the 
department  and  dean  of  the 
school  are  apprised  of  what's 
going  on,  and  are  present  at  the 
final  AP&T  meeting. 

(The  thirteen-member 
AP&T  committee  is  nominated 
through  the  executive  commit- 
tee of  the  Academic  Council, 
and  approved  by  the  provost. 
It's  designed  to  represent  a 
cross-section  of  disciplines — the 
Humanities,  Social  Sciences, 
and  so  on,  and  of  schools — 
Business,  Divinity,  and  so  on. 
AP&T  is  also  a  device  to  ensure 
the  consistent  application  of 
tenure  criteria  university-wide: 
Members  are  all  full  professors 
who  have  been  selected  based 
on  their  own  scholarly  distinc- 
tion and  aptitude  for  service.  In 
the  event  that  a  candidate  is 
within  the  department  of  an 
AP&T  committee  member, 
that  member  excuses  himself  or 
herself  from  deliberations. ) 

Once  the  AP&T  committee 
has  voted,  it  sends  its  recom- 
mendation and  all  materials 
back  to  the  provost,  who 
reviews  it  and  makes  his  final 
decision.  If  negative,  the  depart- 
ment has  two  weeks  to  appeal 
the  decision.  If  favorable,  the 
recommendation  is  shared  with 
the  president  and  the  board  of 
trustees  for  a  final  vote. 


]uly-August    1993 


■Mifciagi 

4GTH 

TNG 

LD 

TOWNSEND 

LI 

EYELID 

PLA^ 

FIE 

BY  MICHAEL 

IE 

WOMEN  ON  THE  VERGE: 

COMPETING  FOR  SPORTS  EQUALITY 

The  soul  of  Title  IX,  the  magic  phrase  "gender  equi- 
ty," has  forced  administrators  everywhere,  including 
Duke,  to  scrutinize  the  way  in  which  their  institutions 
support  women's  athletics  and  re-evaluate  just  how  to 
fund  those  opportunities  when  budgets  are  strained. 

W  JK    W  hen  Debbie  Leland  '89  and 
^B  flB^V    Rebecca  Currie  '89  got  to- 
HW     gether  in  1987  to  write  a 
document  that  would  make 
a  case  for  raising  Duke  women's  soccer 
from  club  to  varsity  status,  they  thought 
the  project  would  be   a  Saturday   after- 
noon's work.  Instead,  it  took  them  nearly  a 
week  to  finish. 

"We  were  so  naive  when  we  started," 
says  Leland,  who  was  president  of  the  club 
at  the  time.  "I  first  met  with  the  director  of 
club   sports,   then   the   assistant   athletics 
director,  and  finally  with  [Athletics  Direc- 
tor] Tom  Butters.  He  asked  me  if  I  realized 
how  much  it  would  cost.  I  told  him  we 
weren't  asking  for  much,  just  a  dependable 
coach  would  do.  He  said  it  didn't  quite 
work  that  way.  He  said  it  had  to  be  equal 
to  the  men's  program:  scholarships,  locker 
rooms,  fields,  trainers,  the  whole  thing.  So 
we  had  to  be  prepared  to  answer  every 
question  anyone  might  have  about  why  we 
should  be  a  varsity  team." 

Leland  and  Currie  took  their  proposal 
before  the  Athletic  Council  and  managed 
to  answer  every  single  question.  Many 
months  later  their  bid  was  finally  ap- 
proved, but  the  hard  part  had  just  begun. 
"We  started  working  out  in  the  spring  of 
1988 — weight  training,  running,  practic- 
ing," says  Currie.  "That  summer  I  worked 
out  twice  a  day  to  get  ready  to  play.  It  was 
the  hardest  thing  I  had  ever  done." 

Their  perseverance  paid  off,  and  they 
were  among  the  players  who  took  the  field 
in  September  1988  for  Duke's  first  varsity 
women's  soccer  game,  against  the  Univer- 
sity of  Alabama.  "It  was  the  most  exciting 
moment  of  my  time  at  Duke,"  recalls 
Leland.  "We  had  hundreds  of  fans  out  to 
see  us  for  that  first  game,  and  we  were  all 
just  so  excited  to  play." 

On  that  day,  a  great  success  story  was 
born,  a  story  that  reached  its  climax  last 
fall.  After  receiving  its  first-ever  bid  to  the 
NCAA  Division  I  championship  tourna- 
ment, the  team  staged  a  winning  streak 

DUKE   MAGAZINE 


that  led  to  the  na- 
tional championship 
game,  where  Duke  fell 
to  archrival  North 
Carolina.  It  was  an  im- 
pressive feat  for  any 
team,  but  it  was  made 
all  the  more  remark- 
able by  the  fact  that 
just  twenty  years  ago, 
there  were  no  varsity 
teams  for  Duke  women 
in  any  sport. 

In  the  two  decades 
since  the  federal  legis- 
lation known  as  Title 
IX  took  effect,  there 
has  been  an  explosion 
of  interest,  opportuni- 
ties, and  enthusiasm 
for  women  in  sports — 
not  just  at  Duke,  but 
at  colleges  and  univer- 
sities around  the  coun- 
try. Today,  Duke  fields 
eleven  intercollegiate 
varsity  teams  with  near- 
ly 160  women  student- 
athletes. 

Title  IX  has  also 
resulted  in  a  plethora 
of  headaches  for  ad- 
ministrators, increas- 
ingly loud  outcries 
from  proponents  of 
both  men's  and 
women's  sports,  and  now  even  lawsuits. 
At  a  time  when  every  available  budget  dol- 
lar is  fought  for  tooth  and  nail,  there  is 
probably  no  more  volatile  flashpoint  on 
campuses  than  in  athletics  departments. 
The  soul  of  Title  IX,  the  magic  phrase  "gen- 
der equity,"  has  forced  administrators  at 
every  school,  including  Duke,  to  scrutinize 
the  way  in  which  their  institutions  support 
women's  athletics  and  re-evaluate  just  how 
to  fund  those  opportunities  when  budgets 
are  strained. 

Title  IX  was  enacted  as  part  of  the  Edu- 
cational Amendments  of  1972,  which 
sought  to  guarantee  the  rights  of  women  to 
equal  educational  opportunities  at  all  lev- 
els of  schooling,  from  elementary  school 
through  college.  The  law  prohibited  sexual 
discrimination  in  institutions  that  receive 
federal  funding.  It  took  effect  in  1975,  and 
schools  were  given  three  years  to  comply. 

Almost  immediately,  the  intercollegiate 
sports  community  reacted  with  outrage, 
arguing  that  there  was  no  feasible  way  to 
match  the  spending  on  football  and  men's 
basketball,  since  there  were  (and  still  are) 
no  women's  sports  that  generate  similar 
revenue.  Advocates  of  equal  rights,  on  the 
other  hand,  demanded  that  women  receive 
equal  opportunities  on  the  playing  field,  in- 


"People  who  value 

women's  sports  need 

to  attend  the  games. 

They  need  to  call 

their  newspapers 

and  television  stations 

when  there  isn't 

enough  coverage." 


eluding  equal  financial  support.  While 
there  is  little  disagreement  that  women 
deserve  equal  opportunities,  the  struggle  to 
define  what  is  meant  by  "equity" — and  how 
to  pay  for  it — has  raged  on,  even  spilling 
into  Congress  and  the  Supreme  Court. 

For  years,  it  was  unclear  whether  Title 
IX  even  applied  to  athletics.  A  1984  court 
ruling  seemed  to  take  athletics  depart- 
ments off  the  hook.  Then  in  1988,  Con- 
gress overode  a  veto  by  President  Reagan 


of  the  Civil  Rights 
Restoration  Act, 
which  finally  made 
it  clear  that  Title  IX 
did  in  fact  apply  to 
college  sports.  But  it 
was  a  Supreme 
Court  ruling  in  Feb- 
ruary 1992  that 
intensified  the 

debate.  In  a  unani- 
mous decision,  the 
Court  ruled  that  in 
cases  of  discrimina- 
tion on  the  basis  of 
gender,  individuals 
could  sue  colleges 
and  universities  for 
monetary  damages. 
The  number  of  law- 
suits has  risen  sharply 
since  then,  and  the 
threat  of  a  lawsuit  is 
an  excellent  source 
of  leverage. 

The  College  of  Wil- 
liam and  Mary,  the 
University  of  New 
Hampshire,  Colgate 
University,  and  Col- 
orado State  are  just 
a  few  of  the  institu- 
||  tions  that  have  over- 
Is  turned  decisions  to 
eliminate  certain 
sports  as  a  result  of 
real  or  threatened  lawsuits.  Brown  Uni- 
versity dropped  four  sports — two  men's 
and  two  women's — in  the  spring  of  1991. 
Athletes  from  the  women's  teams  (volley- 
ball and  gymnastics)  sued,  and  the  courts 
ruled  in  favor  of  the  students.  Yet  Brown 
offers  thirteen  sports  for  women  and  four- 
teen for  men — an  impressive  record  on 
paper.  Sports  Information  Director  Chris 
Humm  was  quoted  in  Sports  Illustrated  in 
September  1992  as  saying,  "If  Brown  Uni- 
versity isn't  in  compliance,  then  no  school 
in  the  country  is." 

There  are  many  in  the  athletics  commu- 
nity who  believe  in  a  bottom  line:  that  the 
number  of  male  and  female  athletes  on  a 
given  campus  should  be  equal.  Athletics  ad- 
ministrators see  that  as  unrealistic.  Rather, 
the  U.S.  Department  of  Education,  in  a 
memo  to  colleges,  specified  that  the  rate  of 
participation  by  women  in  the  athletics 
program  should  he  proportionate  to  the 
number  of  female  undergraduates  on  cam- 
pus. Even  the  most  compliant  programs  in 
the  country  fall  far  short  of  that  goal.  Duke 
has  a  student  body  that  is  about  45  percent 
female.  Only  about  one-third  of  the  athletes 
are  women,  and  that  figure  puts  Duke 
slightly  above  the  national  average.  In  fact, 
a  national  survey  showed  that  there  are 


July- August    199  3 


slightly  more  women  than  men  in  college 
today,  yet  women  make  up  only  about  30 
percent  of  the  athletes  at  these  institutions. 
The  athletics  community  is  just  begin- 
ning to  take  steps  to  correct  the  dispropor- 
tionate opportunities  for  men.  The  Big 
Ten  conference  is  the  first  major  confer- 
ence to  address  the  issue  of  participation 
directly.  In  late  1992,  faculty  representa- 
tives of  the  league's  member  institutions 
passed  a  measure  that  will  require  Big  Ten 
schools  to  offer  at  least  40  percent  of  the 
athletic  opportunities  to  women  by  1997. 
According    to    some    estimates,    Big    Ten 


sports  in  which  new  teams  could  be  created 
to  increase  the  number  of  female  athletes. 
The  report  failed  to  include  any  plans  for 
penalties  against  schools  that  refuse  to 
achieve  gender  equity,  and  gave  little  indi- 
cation of  how  athletics  departments  might 
pay  for  the  changes.  A  symbol  of  the  diffi- 
culties inherent  in  any  discussion  of  the 
gender  equity  issue  is  the  fact  that  the  six- 
teen-member  task  force  was  unable  to 
agree  even  among  itself.  Five  members  are 
planning  to  issue  a  minority  report. 

Duke    offers    eleven   varsity   sports   for 
women,  a  total  quite  high  on  the  national 


SELLING  BASKETBALL 


Women's  basketball 
coach  Gail 
Goestenkors  is 
asked  constantly  about  what  it 
is  like  to  coach  a  team  in  the 
shadow  of  the  men's  program. 
"I  laugh  when  I  hear  that  ques- 
tion," she  says,  "because  I 
don't  see  us  as  being  in  their 
shadow.  I  think  they  shed  light 
on  us.  It  is  a  large  benefit  to 
work  with  a  men's  program 
like  this  one,  particularly 
because  they  have  sparked  the 
interest  and  curiosity  of  young 
men  and  women  who  enjoy 
the  game  of  basketball. 

"I  get  into  people's  homes  on 
recruiting  trips  because  they 
have  seen  Duke  men's  basket- 
ball on  television.  From  that 


Courting  success:  coach  Gail 
Goestenkors  on  the  sidelines 


point  on,  of  course,  I 
am  selling  the  women's 
program.  But  it  would 
be  much  more  difficult 
without  the  recognition 
the  Duke  name  gets." 

Goestenkors  would 
like  to  increase  fan 
support  of  the  women's 
program  on  campus, 
though.  The  women's 
team  averaged  fewer 
than  1,000  fans  per 
game  in  Cameron 
Indoor  Stadium  last 
winter. 

"We  are  starting  to 
establish  our  own  sup- 
port among  the  student 
body,"  says  Dana  McDonald 
'93,  a  four-year  letterwinner 
on  the  team,  "but  it  is  difficult. 
People  at  Duke  have  a  lot  of 
commitments,  a  lot  of  acade- 
mic pressures,  and  sometimes 
they  have  to  make  a  decision 
about  what  sports  to  attend.  If 
they  can  only  take  the  time  to 
see  one  game  a  week,  it  is 
probably  going  to  be  the  men's 
game." 

One  way  of  increasing  fan 
interest  in  women's  basketball 
is  to  schedule  games  as  part  of 
"doubleheaders"  with  the 
men's  team.  Many  schools  do 


Up-and-coming:  Nicole  Johnson  and  her 
basketball  teammates  compete  for  recognition 


this,  packaging  the  games 
together  for  one  admission 
price.  At  Duke,  it  happens 
occasionally,  but  more  by 
chance  than  by  design. 

"We  do  our  own  schedules, 
and  sometimes  it  just  happens," 
says  Goestenkors.  "We  had 
more  fans  at  those  games  this 
year,  but  they  weren't  our  fans. 
They  were  there  to  see  the 
men's  game.  I  want  to  develop 
a  fan  support  of  our  own,  fans 
that  grow  with  us  as  we  grow  as 
a  team.  I  want  us  to  stand  on 
our  own  feet." 


schools  will  have  to  shift  a  total  of  nearly 
650  spots  on  men's  teams  to  women's  teams 
in  order  to  be  in  compliance  with  the  mea- 
sure. Many  of  the  schools  will  have  to  cre- 
ate new  varsity  sports  for  women.  The 
conference's  actions  may  indicate  a  trend 
of  the  future,  in  which  other  conferences, 
and  perhaps  even  the  NCAA,  will  set  up 
specific  gender  requirements. 

In  May,  the  NCAA's  Gender  Equity 
Task  Force  issued  its  preliminary  report, 
after  a  year  of  studying  the  problem.  The 
report  offered  some  general  guidelines  for 
improving  opportunities  for  women,  in- 
cluding increasing  the  number  of  scholar- 
ships available  to  women  and  identifying 


and  regional  scale.  The  Blue  Devils  rank 
second  in  the  Atlantic  Coast  Conference 
in  number  of  women's  teams,  behind  only 
the  University  of  North  Carolina,  which 
has  twelve.  (Maryland  and  Virginia  both 
offer  eleven  women's  sports  as  well.)  Duke's 
total  of  twenty-four  sports  for  men  and 
women  also  ranks  second  behind  North 
Carolina  in  the  conference,  and  represents 
considerably  more  athletic  opportunities 
than  schools  like  Wake  Forest,  Georgia 
Tech,  and  Florida  State,  which  offer  only 
sixteen  sports  each.  But  the  number  of 
teams  a  particular  school  has,  while  impor- 
tant, does  not  get  to  the  heart  of  Title  IX. 
"I  think  Duke  is  in  very  good  shape  with 


Title  IX,"  says  Joe  Alleva,  Duke's  associate 
director  of  athletics.  "At  its  most  basic 
level,  Title  IX  says  that  the  opportunities 
need  to  be  there  for  women  and  that 
women's  sports  should  be  treated  the  same 
way  as  men's.  That  includes  things  like 
locker  room  space,  modes  of  travel,  uni- 
forms, and  equipment.  We  certainly  do 
that."  Alleva  concedes,  though,  that  the 
stickier  issues  of  Title  IX  center  on  the 
financial  support  given  to  women's  teams 
as  compared  to  men's. 

The  strongest  advocates  of  gender  equity 
believe  that  nothing  short  of  an  even 
split — a  dollar  to  women's  sports  for  every 
dollar  spent  on  men's — will  satisfy  the  law. 
But  most  interpretations  dictate  that  the 
money  spent  on  female  athletes,  in  operat- 
ing budgets,  in  recruiting  budgets,  and  in 
scholarship  dollars,  should  be  proportion- 
ate to  the  percentage  of  female  athletes.  In 
other  words,  if  35  percent  of  the  athletes 
at  Duke  are  women,  they  should  receive 
35  percent  of  the  scholarships.  According 
to  Alleva,  Duke  offers  fifty-one  full  grants- 
in-aid  to  women,  or  just  over  27  percent  of 
the  total  of  186.  The  difficulty  in  compar- 
ing such  figures  rests  with  the  large  num- 
ber of  scholarships  that  go  to  football.  In 
1992-93,  Duke  offered  ninety  scholarships 
to  football,  which  has  no  comparable 
women's  sport. 

In  a  Duke  Chronicle  story  on  women's 
sports,  Athletics  Director  Butters  said  he 
believed  that  schools  grant  too  many  foot- 
ball scholarships.  But  he  predicted  it 
would  take  a  decade  to  legislate  a  change. 
"If  nationally  everyone  agreed  to  reduce 
football  to  sixty-five  scholarships,"  he  said, 
"there  would  be  no  drop-off,  in  my  judg- 
ment, in  the  importance  of  football,  its 
values,  or  the  intensity  of  interest,  televi- 
sion or  otherwise." 

Alleva  points  out  that  Duke  has  been 
increasing  its  commitment  to  aid  for 
women  athletes  over  several  years  and  will 
continue  to  do  so.  "In  the  last  seven  years," 
he  says,  "we  have  added  four  sports  for 
women:  indoor  track,  outdoor  track,  cross- 
country, and  soccer.  That  increased  our 
participation  level,  so  we  needed  to  sub- 
stantially raise  our  financial  aid.  You're 
talking  about  a  lot  of  money,  and  it  can't  be 
done  all  at  once.  We  have  to  phase  it  in." 

The  figure  of  27  percent  does,  in  fact, 
represent  an  increase  over  the  last  two 
years.  A  survey  by  The  Chronicle  of  Higher 
Education  of  figures  for  the  1990-91  aca- 
demic year  showed  that  the  Duke  athletics 
department  spent  21.6  percent  of  its  schol- 
arship money  on  women  in  that  season. 

Several  sports  at  Duke  do  not  receive 
any  scholarship  dollars.  The  fencing,  swim- 
ming, and  track  teams — both  men's  and 
women's — are  not  eligible  for  scholarships. 
Continued  on  page  48 


16 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


DUKE 


ENLIGHTENING 
ENCOUNTERS 


Taking  a  spring  interlude  at  Duke, 
women  of  all  ages  and  backgrounds 
converged  for  the  five-day  Women's 
Studies  Institute,  an  adventure  that  was 
part  educational  summer  camp  and  part 
spiritual  voyage.  Regardless  of  where  we 
were  from — Wyoming,  Houston,  Durham — 
or  what  we're  doing  with  our  lives — pro- 
fessional fund  raiser,  medical  student, 
ordained  minister — we  found  many  shared 
experiences. 

Before  the  opening  night  ceremonies, 
each  of  us  received  a  biographical  directo- 
ry of  the  other  participants.  This  green 
folder  was  used  for  easy  reference  through- 
out the  May  Institute,  as  people  spoke  up 
in  class  or  related  a  personal  anecdote. 
Although  there  was  plenty  of  classroom 
discussion,  some  of  the  more  enlightening 
encounters  happened  informally,  between 
sessions  or  over  meals. 

Mornings  were  devoted  to  course  work. 
Romance  Studies  professor  Alice  Kaplan 
taught  "Writing  a  Woman's  Life,"  which 
combined  a  historical  overview  of  women's 
autobiographies  with  guidance  on  how  to 
go  about  documenting  one's  own  life.  At 
the  same  time,  history  graduate  student 
Philip  Van  Vleck  taught  "Costume,  Body 


Relaxed  repast:  Institute  participants  shared  between- 
class  enrichment  on  the  steps  of  East  Duke 

Image,  and  Gender,"  which  examined  the 
relationship  between  clothes  and  cultural 
values,  from  Louis  XIV  ornamentation  to 
Victoria's  Secret  catalogues. 

After  a  coffee  break,  participants  chose 
between  cultural  anthropologist  Joanne 
Passaro's  "Gender  and  Race  in  the  New 
Millennium"  and  religion  professor  Carol 
Meyers'  "Discovering  Eve."  The  latter  class 
looked  at  the  continuing  influence  of  Bib- 
lical interpretations  on  twentieth-century 
life,  and  exposed  some  long-standing  fal- 
lacies that  have  evolved  as  the  original 
Hebrew  text  has  been  translated  through- 
out the  centuries. 

After  al  fresco  lunches  on  the  steps  of 
the  East  Duke  Building,  the  group  returned 
to  Institute  headquarters  at  the  Washing- 
ton Duke  Inn  for  presentations  that 
changed  daily.  Psychiatrist  Linnea  Smith, 
who  is  spearheading  a  national  campaign 
to  encourage  Sports  Illustrated  to  celebrate 
women's  athletic  achievements  instead  of 
their  swimsuited  bodies,  presented  a  slide 
show  on  images  of  women  in  the  media. 
Smith,  whose  husband  Dean  Smith  coaches 
the  UNC-Chapel  Hill  men's  basketball 
team,  said  she  hasn't  always  been  well- 
received.  "When  people  hear  the  topic, 
they  either  think  I'm  a  religious,  Bible- 
thumping,  anti-sex  nut,  or  I'm  an  asexual, 


man-hating  feminist  nut,"  she  said.  "Some- 
times I  think,  'Why  didn't  I  pick  world 
peace?'  " 

Other  speakers  included  rising  junior 
Catherine  Baker,  who  spoke  about  the 
prevalence  of  eating  disorders  among 
young  women  at  Duke;  David  Gutterman 
'90,  who  taught  a  house  course  on  "Men 
and  Gender  Issues"  and  who  helped  orga- 
nize Men  Acting  for  Change  (MAC), 
which  was  featured  on  ABC's  20/20;  and 
Jean  Hamilton,  a  physician  with  joint  ap- 
pointments in  Women's  Studies  and  psy- 
chology, who  discussed  issues  in  women's 
health,  including  policy  decisions  and  the 
politics  of  funding  research. 

At  the  closing  night  dinner,  there  was 
general  agreement  that  the  Institute  was 
ending  too  soon.  Some  of  us  tried  to  track 
down  the  few  women  we  hadn't  had  a 
chance  to  talk  to  yet,  and  addresses  and 
phone  numbers  were  exchanged.  After  din- 
ner, Women's  Studies  director  Jean  O'Barr 
invited  people  to  say  a  few  words  at  the 
open  mike.  The  responses  were  funny,  per- 
sonal, and  often  poignant.  Said  one  woman, 
"I  don't  want  to  go  home  from  camp!" 

The  next  day,  as  she  flew  back  home  to 
Texas,  Institute  participant  Sophia  Havasy 
jotted  down  some  reflections  from  the 
weekend.  "The  words  flow  easily  as  I  write, 
just  as  they  did  whenever  I  spoke  or  shared 
in  some  way  with  others  during  this  'Re- 
treat,' or  should  I  say,  'Advance.'  There  was 
no  moving  back,  only  forward." 

— Bridget  Booher 


For  another  voice  fr 
Institute,  see  "Forum," 


Wo 


Studn 


MEETING  THE 
PRESIDENT 


When  Duke's  new  president  Nan 
Keohane  started  her  job  on 
July  1,  she  hit  the  ground  run- 
ning. Her  schedule  for  1993-94  was  al- 
ready set,  including  meeting  as  many 
alumni  as  possible — before,  during,  and 
after  her  official  inauguration  Saturday, 
October  23. 


July-August    1993 


17 


For  those  returning  to  campus  for  f; 
reunions,  Keohane  is  scheduled  to  have 
"conversations"  with  alumni  in  Baldwin 
Auditorium  on  the  mornings  of  September 
18  and  October  30.  She  will  visit  an  event 
for  each  reunion  class,  including  the  Half 
Century  Club  luncheon.  She  will  also 
address  alumni  leaders — club  presidents 
and  Alumni  Admissions  Advisory  Com- 
mittee chairs — attending  the  biennial 
Leadership  Conference  on  September  17. 

Inauguration  activities  are  in  the  final 
planning  stages  for  October  22-23.  School 
and  departmental  symposia  will  be  held 
Friday  afternoon.  A  special  Saturday  morn- 
ing symposium  will  precede  the  inaugura- 
tion ceremony,  which  will  be  held  on  the 
Chapel  Court  facing  Duke  Chapel  at  3:00. 
Following  the  ceremony,  the  university 
will  host  a  reception  in  the  academic  and 
residential  quadrangles.  All  members  of 
the  Duke  community  and  friends  of  the 
university  are  invited.  The  Chapel  is  the 
rain  site  for  the  inaugural  ceremonies. 

Throughout  the  rest  of  1993  and  during 
the  next  academic  year,  Keohane  will  be 
speaking  at  various  club  gatherings  and 
Executive  Leadership  Board  meetings 
across  the  country.  She  will  begin  by  meet- 
ing alumni  close  at  hand,  in  the  Triangle 
(Durham,  Raleigh,  Chapel  Hill),  the  Triad 
(Greensboro,  High  Point,  Winston-Salem), 
and  Charlotte.  Tentative  plans  for  the  fol- 
lowing eighteen  months  have  her  visiting 
Philadelphia,  Chicago,  Miami,  Boston, 
Washington,  D.C.,  Los  Angeles,  Atlanta, 
Dallas,  and  New  York. 


CRUISES  AND 
COOKOUTS 


Outdoor  activities  increase  in  direct 
proportion  to  the  increase  in  de- 
grees Fahrenheit,  according  to  un- 
official research  conducted  by  Duke  clubs 
on  the  water  and  in  picnic  areas  across  the 
nation,  and  even  across  the  Atlantic. 

For  the  Duke  Club  of  the  Triangle,  sum- 
mer wasn't  soon  enough:  Planning  for  a 
seven-day  July  Caribbean  cruise  began  in 
the  fall  with  a  mid-December  deadline  for 
reservations.  Herb  Neubauer  '63  is  the 
club's  president. 

For  clubs  satisfied  with  less  than  a  sea, 
harbors  and  rivers  work  well.  The  Great 
Annual  Harbor  Cruise  sponsored  by  the 
Duke  Club  of  Boston  lifts  anchor  in  June 
for  a  three-hour  tour,  with  disc  jockey, 
snacks,  and  cash  bar  aboard.  This  year, 
Duke  alumni  will  mix  with  other  alumni 
clubs  from  the  Atlantic  Coast  Conference. 
Julia  Palmer  '85  was  the  contact  person  for 
the  event;  Jeffrey  Davis  '80  is  the  club's 
president. 


The  legendary  Circle  Line  Boat  Cruise 
had  members  of  DUMAA  (Duke  Univer- 
sity Metropolitan  Alumni  Association) 
circumnavigating  the  isle  of  Manhattan, 
along  with  the  UNC  club  (ram  over- 
board?), in  June.  The  popular  event  is  an 
annual  sellout.  Lisa  Mogensen  '85  was  the 
contact  person;  Patricia  Dempsey  '80  is 
the  club's  president.  Other  clubs  cruising 
are  the  Duke  Club  of  Charleston,  whose 
president  is  Marshall  Huey  Jr.  '80,  and  the 
Duke  Club  of  Baltimore,  whose  president 
is  Nick  Valencia  '85. 

On  the  other  side  of  the  Atlantic,  the 
Duke  Club  of  London  held  a  floating 
soiree  along  the  Thames  in  May.  A  cham- 
pagne river  boat  cruise  featured  dining  and 
dancing.  The  event's  co-hosts  were  Duke 
chancellor  emeritus  William  G.  Anlyan, 
club  president  Kathleen  Stone  Sorley  '79, 
and  Ara  Oztemel,  founder  and  CEO  of  the 
SATRA  group,  established  in  1952  to  open 
commercial  relations  with  the  Soviet  Union. 

Beside  the  water  instead  of  on  it,  Duke 
parents  Bill  and  Mooreen  Mourad  were 
hosts  for  a  July  North  Carolina-style  bar- 
becue party  at  their  lakeside  home,  orga- 
nized by  the  Duke  Club  of  Northeast 
Ohio.  The  club's  co-presidents  are  Cath- 
leen  McCurry  Milliken  '85  and  Charles  K. 
Milliken  '85,  M.B.A.  '89.  Another  Ohio 
picnic  in  July  was  sponsored  by  the  Duke 
Club  of  Central  Ohio.  The  event  was  a 
tailgate  party  at  the  Bryn  Du  Polo  Field, 
where  the  regional  tournament  finals  were 
held.  Club  members  met  the  players, 
including  a  Columbus  Polo  Club  player 


who  demonstrated  the  equipment  and  rules 
before  the  ponies  hit  the  fields.  The 
event's  contact  was  Donald  Slowik  '75; 
Cindy  Eddins  Collier  M.H.A.  '81  is  the 
club's  president. 

The  home  of  the  Ray  Dugginses  in 
Chadds  Ford,  Pennsylvania,  was  the  site 
for  the  Duke  in  Delaware  annual  picnic, 
catered  by  Durham's  own  Bullock's  Barbe- 
cue. There  were  pony  rides  for  the  kids,  a 
raffle,  and  an  auction  of  books  by  Duke 
authors.  Randy  Herndon  '76,  J.D.  '80  is 
the  club's  president.  The  Duke  Club  of  St. 
Louis'  annual  picnic,  held  in  June  at  Shaw 
Park  in  Clayton,  Missouri,  featured  ham- 
burgers, hot  dogs,  and  barbecued  chicken. 
This  year's  event  was  co-sponsored  by  the 
University  of  Virginia  alumni  association 
Carol  Robert  Armstrong  '63  is  the  St 
Louis  club's  president. 

The  West  Coast  opted  for  East  Coas 
fare — specifically,  North  Carolina-style  bar 
becue,  Brunswick  stew,  and  hush  puppies— 
at  the  Duke  Club  of  San  Diego's  ACC  pig 
pickin'  in  June  at  the  Admiral  Bake: 
recreation  area  in  Mission  Valley.  In 
August,  the  club  held  Duke  Night  at  the 
San  Diego  Pops,  with  special  seating  at  the 
symphony's  outdoor,  harborside  theater 
and  a  pre-concert  picnic  nearby.  Jon 
Upson  '82  is  the  club's  president. 

The  Duke  Club  of  Washington's  annual 
picnic  in  June  was  held  in  Rock  Creek 
Park,  with  catering  by  Ralph's  Barbecue  of 
Weldon,  North  Carolina,  along  with  vol- 
leyball and  horseshoes  for  sports  competi- 
tors and  a  clown  for  the  kids.  Anne  Wilson 


18 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


'86  was  the  event's  contact  person;  War- 
ren Wickersham  '60  is  the  club's  president. 
Meanwhile,  back  in  the  Triangle,  the 
local  club  held  a  celebration  of  sorts  for 
the  last  season  of  the  Durham  Bulls  at  the 
historic  Durham  Athletic  Park.  A  major 
hot  dog  and  hamburger  pregame  cookout 
was  held  on  the  patio  at  Devine's  Restau- 
rant just  up  the  street  from  the  ballpark. 
The  Bulls  will  move  to  a  new  and  larger 
downtown  stadium  next  year. 


FAST-FORWARD 
FORPAA 

Completing  the  Duke  Alumni  Asso- 
ciation's long-range  plan  was  the 
chief  goal  of  outgoing  association 
president  Edward  M.  Hanson  Jr.  '73,  A.M. 
'77,  J.D.  '77.  At  the  May  meeting  of  the 
board  of  directors,  the  clear  message  was 
"mission  accomplished." 

The  goal  of  the  planning  process,  as  the 
document  puts  it,  was  "to  chart  the  future 
of  the  Duke  Alumni  Association  and  lend 
support  to  Duke  University's  long-tange 
planning."  From  there,  the  document  artic- 
ulates a  statement  of  values:  "education 
and  personal  growth  are  lifetime  processes 


which  extend  well  beyond  the  classroom"; 
"the  university  community  extends  beyond 
the  faculty,  students,  and  staff  to  a  com- 
munity of  alumni,  parents,  and  friends 
who  continue  to  learn  and  serve";  and 
"alumni  have  important  and  active  roles  to 
play  in  the  life  of  this  global  university 
community." 

According  to  the  long-range  plan,  those 
values  come  together  in  a  mission  state- 
ment: "to  advance  the  interests  of  Duke 
University  and  to  create  opportunities  for 
alumni  to  participate  fully  in  the  life  and 
vitality  of  the  global  university  community." 

The  plan  lists  four  long-term  goals  for 
alumni  association  programs:  "to  build  and 
nurture  lifelong  relationships  that  connect 
individuals  withlhe  Duke  community  and 
its  spirit";  "to  promote  lifelong  learning 
that  fuses  the  traditional  academic  disci- 
plines with  the  interdisciplinary  knowl- 
edge gained  through  life  experiences";  "to 
stimulate  dialogue  between  alumni  and 
other  members  of  the  university  communi- 
ty and  to  provide  alumni  with  meaningful 
information  about  university  activities  and 
events";  and  "to  create  and  promote  mean- 
ingful opportunities  for  volunteer  service 
to  the  university,  the  alumni,  and  society." 

To  achieve  those  goals,  the  plan  recom- 
mends increasing  opportunities  for  interac- 


tion between  alumni  and  students,  for 
alumni  to  engage  in  volunteer  service,  and 
for  alumni  to  participate  in  lifelong  learn- 
ing; introducing  "a  new  paradigm  in  uni- 
versity thinking  which  would  include 
alumni  as  participants  in  university  deci- 
sion making  and  planning";  developing 
the  "corporate  identity"  of  the  alumni 
association;  and  developing  "a  strategy  for 
internationalization  in  conjunction  with 
other  university  constituents." 

The  plan  goes  on  to  consider  the  impact 
of  such  external  issues  as  budgetary  pres- 
sures and  restraints  on  tuition  growth, 
changing  demographics,  an  increasing  global 
awareness,  and  public  scrutiny  of  higher 
education.  It  also  looks  at  the  impact  of 
internal  issues — among  them,  collabora- 
tions with  other  university  constituents,  in- 
cluding the  student  body;  leadership  devel- 
opment; and  funding  sources. 

The  Long-Range  Planning  Committee's 
members  were  Hanson;  Stanley  G.  Brad- 
ing  Jr.  '75,  the  new  president  of  the  alumni 
association;  William  C.  Deans  '56;  Sandra 
Clingan  Smith  '80,  M.B.A.  '83;  James  D. 
Warren  '79;  M.  Laney  Funderburk  Jr.  '60, 
director  of  Alumni  Affairs;  and  Albert  A. 
Fisher  '80,  assistant  ditector  for  clubs.  The 
committee  drew  on  the  advice  of  John  W. 
Graham,  director  of  the  university's  plan- 


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SCHOLARS 

TAPPED 

Three  students  entering  the  Class  of 
1997  have  been  selected  to  receive 
$8,000  awards,  renewable  annually, 
as  Alumni  Endowed  Undergraduate  Schol- 
ars. This  year's  trio  are  Iain  McPherson 
Cheeseman  of  Urbana,  Illinois;  Annie 
Laurie  Freeman  of  Clearwater,  Florida;  and 
Tracy  Elizabeth  Sulkin  of  Bellingham, 
Washington. 

The  awards  were  established  in  1979 
by  the  Duke  Alumni  Association  to  rec- 
ognize the  academic 
and  personal  achieve- 
ments of  children  of 
alumni  and  to  honor 
Duke  administrators. 
Cheeseman  is  the 
William  D.  Jones 
Scholar,  named  for 
the  retired  special 
functions  manager  of 
Duke's  dining  halls 
from  1946  to  1976. 


Jones  also  worked  in 
the  undergraduate  ad- 
missions office  be- 
fore retiring  in  1979. 
Freeman  is  the 
Richard  E.  Thigpen 
Scholar,  named  for 
the  first  alumni  sec- 
retary of  Duke's  Trin- 
ity College  and  cur- 
rent trustee  emeritus,  Laurie  Freeman 
who  earned  both  his 

undergraduate  and  law  degrees  from  Duke. 
Sulkin  is  the  Henry  R.  Dwire  Scholar, 
named  for  the  director  of  public  relations 
and  alumni  affairs  at  Duke  from  1939  to 
1941  and  a  university  vice  president  from 
1941  to  1944. 

Cheeseman,  whose  parents  are  H.  Jeanie 
Taylor  '71  and  John  McPherson  Cheese- 
man '70,  Ph.D.  '75  and  whose  uncle  is 
William  D.  Taylor  '73,  was  photography 
editor  of  his  school's  yearbook  and  a  mem- 
ber of  both  the  National  Honor  Society 
and  the  Spanish  Honor  Society.  He  placed 
second  in  a  regional  mathematics  contest, 
received  the  Xerox  Award  for  Humanities, 
and  was  the  Illinois  State  Scholar.  He  was 
also  vice  president  of  his  Explorer  Scouts 
and  4-H  groups  and  is  a  member  of  the 
Mid-Illinois  Hunter-Jumper  Association. 


Freeman,  whose  father  is  Millard  Philip 
Freeman  '66,  was  valedictorian  of  the 
international  baccalaureate  program,  re- 
ceived the  Princeton  Book  Award,  and  is  a 
member  of  the  National  Honor  Society. 
She  received  the  sobresaliente  (outstand- 
ing) award  for  three  years  at  the  Florida 
State  Spanish  Conference  and  is  on  the 
First-Place  team  of  JETS  (Junior  Engineer- 
ing and  Technical  Society). 

Sulkin,  whose  father  is  Stephen  David 
Sulkin  Ph.D.  '71,  was  president  of  her 
school's  National  Honor  Society,  captain  of 
the  Bellingham  High 
School  Knowledge 
Bowl  team,  and  a  clar- 
inetist for  the  con- 
cert and  marching 
bands.  She  also  tutors 
fourth-grade  students 
and  is  the  student 
representative  for  the 
Bellingham  Parks  and 
Recreation  Advisory 
Board. 

Two  of  the  scholars  ranked  first  in  their 
graduating  classes  and  one  ranked  second. 


Tracy  Sulkin 


September     5-18,    1993  mjfiat  is  the  Oxford  Experience?  It  is  an  opportunity  to  immerse  yourself  in 

centuries-old  traditions  of  learning  and  community,  to  study  in  small  groups 
A  two-week  residential  with  renowned  Oxford  faculty,  to  explore  the  English  countryside  and  visit 

historical  landmarks,  to  be  students  once  again. 
study  program  for  Duke  GAoose  from  topics  that  will  include  art,  archaeology,  politics,  and  history. 

Attend  classes,  participate  in  field  trips,  and  savor  the  atmosphere  of  one  of 
alumni   &   friends,   held  the  world's  great  centers  of  learning. 

$¥or  more  information,  send  in  the  form  below  or  contact  Deborah  Fowlkes, 
at    the    University    of  Director  of  Alumni  Continuing  Education,  919  684-51 14  o^  800  for-duke. 


THE      OXFORD       EXPERIENCE. 

YES!    tSena f  me 'information  on  The  Oxford  Experience. 


dfco/isored 'by 


the  duke  university  offi> 


alumni    AF 

GENERAL    a 


!S     a     THE    UNC 


SJlea&e.  return  tit:    The  Oxford  Experience,  Box  90S75, 
Durham,  nc  27708-057S 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


Reunions'93! 


Return, 
Reacquaint 
and  Renew.. 


Reunion  Dates 


September  16-19,  1993 


Wh 


October  28-31,  1993 
HOMECOMING 


hether  it  has  been  5  years  or 
50  years  since  graduation,  your 
reunion  planning  committee  has 
planned  a  weekend  you  won't 
want  to  miss! 

Reminisce  with  friends  and 
roommates  at  class  dinner  parties, 
cheer  on  the  Blue  Devils  at  the 
football  game,  spend  a  day  in  the 
classroom  with  the  Duke 
Directions 


academic  mini-college,  and  get 
the  inside  scoop  on  what's  new 
on  the  Duke  campus. 

If  there's  someone  special 
you'd  like  to  see  at  your  reunion, 
give  them  a  call.  Addresses  and 
phone  numbers  can  be  obtained 
through  the  Alumni  Records 
Office  by  calling  (919)684-2490 
or  by  writing  to  the 
Alumni  Office  at 
Box  90572,  Durham, 
NC  27708-0572. 

Registration  forms 
will  be  mailed  in  late 


A  SAILOR'S 
SURVIVAL  TALE 


arris  Mullen  '46  and  his 
Naval  Reserve  Officers 
Training  Corps  classmates 
were  a  hale  and  hearty  bunch, 
drawn  from  such  far  reaches  of 
America  as  the  upper  Michigan 
peninsula,  the  South  Carolina 
lowlands,  the  plains  of  Nebraska, 
the  bluegrass  of  Kentucky,  and 
the  streets  of  New  York  City  and 
Baltimore.  According  to  Mullen, 
this  geographic  diversity — and 
the  academic  rigors  of  Duke — 
bonded  them  together  more  close- 
ly than  the  average  wartime  class,  which 
could  often  be  fragmented  by  officers  going 
to  and  from  military  service. 

"We  came  from  different  walks  of  life, 
from  different  cultures,"  says  Mullen  of  his 
NROTC  classmates.  "I  was  from  the  deep 
South  and  was  really  shocked  by  some  of 
the  Yankee  mannerisms.  The  Yankee  boys 
were  a  different  cut.  We  eventually  all 
became  friends:  We  gave  them  some  man- 
ners, and  they  gave  us  some  straight  talk." 

Like  many  Navy  recruits  under  the  war- 
time V-12  program,  Mullen  graduated  with 
a  degree  in  naval  science  after  spending 
just  twenty-eight  months  at  Duke.  (He 
attended  the  University  of  Florida  for  a 
short  time  before  coming  to  Duke.)  Of  his 
original  seventy-five  classmates,  only  thirty- 
three  graduated,  most  victims  of  what 
Mullen  calls  "academic  attrition  and  other 
maladies."  The  difficulty  of  Duke's  acade- 
mic coursework,  combined  with  what  was 
often  substandard  high  school  preparation, 
caused  many  sailors  to  be  booted  out  of 
Duke,  he  says.  "If  you  failed  navigation, 
they  shipped  you  out." 

Mullen  says  he  thinks  that  the  bond  of 
academic  survival  he  shared  with  his  class- 
mates has  caused  them  to  remain  close 
over  the  years.  Although  they've  never  had 
a  full-fledged  reunion,  the  twenty-one  re- 
maining members  of  the  class  have  stayed  in 
informal  contact  through  an  annual  Christ- 
mas newsletter  and  infrequent  gatherings. 

In  1992,  Mullen  and  "a  loose  commit- 
tee" of  his  classmates  decided  to  establish  a 
Survivors  Club,  to  motivate  them  to  live  a 
long,  full  life  and  "hoist  the  colors  of  our 
gallant  class  against  the  ravages  and  vicis- 


Naval  venture:  Mullen,  top  right,  hopes  vintage 
brandy  will  lure  his  NROTC  classmates  back  for  a 
shipshape  r 


situdes  of  time,  worry,  and  impotence." 
The  club  was  unanimously  adopted  by  all 
but  one  of  Mullen's  classmates:  The  miss- 
ing member,  Marvin  G.  Tracy,  was  named 
the  club's  honorary  chairman;  one  of  its 
goals  is  to  discover  his  whereabouts. 

The  Survivors  Club  (all  of  the  living 
members — including  Tracy,  if  they  can 
find  him— of  the  NROTC  Class  of  1946) 
will  congregate  in  February  1996,  the  fifti- 
eth anniversary  of  their  Duke  graduation, 
Mullen  says.  Each  member  has  contributed 
at  least  one  dollar  toward  the  purchase  of  a 
bottle  of  brandy,  which  will  be  used  in 
1996  to  toast  their  departed  classmates. 
Then,  Mullen  says,  the  bottle  will  be 
recorked  and  used  again  at  the  next  meet- 
ing of  the  Survivors  Club,  tentatively 
planned  for  the  year  2000. 

The  certificate  awarded  to  members  of 
the  club  explains  what  will  happen  to  the 
brandy  after  that:  "When  the  membership 
of  the  Club  dwindles  to  just  two  class- 
mates, they  are  authorized  to  toast  each 
other  freely  until  the  entire  contents  of 
the  bottle  are  consumed.  Arrangements 
will  then  be  made  to  award  the  empty  bot- 
tle to  the  final  surviving  Club  member." 

Mullen  says  he  hasn't  bought  the  brandy 
yet,  although  he's  collected  about  $40  from 
members  in  the  class.  "I've  been  holding  off 
on  buying  the  brandy,"  he  says,  "because  I 
was  afraid  that  I  would  drink  it  myself." 

His  most  vivid  memories  of  Duke,  be- 
sides the  long  hours  he  put  in  studying  sub- 
jects like  gunnery  and  seamanship,  include 


the  daily  ritual 
of  lining  up 
in  the  quad 
after  reveille 
for  inspection 
at  6:30  a.m. 
He  says  he 
't  often  get  to  visit  with 
Woman's  College  students 
on  East  Campus.  "I  was  so 
busy  trying  to  stay  in  school 
that  I  didn't  spend  so  much 
1  time  socializing,"  he  says. 
<  For  many  sailors,  the  high- 
1  light  of  their  education  was  a 
1  training  cruise  a  semester  before 
|  graduation,  when  they  would 
get  some  practical  experience 
at  handling  an  officer's  duties  aboard  ship. 
But  Mullen,  who  played  football  and  ran 
track,  had  broken  his  leg  in  the  South 
Carolina  football  game  in  the  fall  of  1945 
and  couldn't  go  on  the  cruise. 

Like  about  half  of  his  classmates,  Mul- 
len didn't  go  into  the  service  after  he  grad- 
uated from  Duke.  Instead,  he  entered  the 
printing  and  publishing  business,  founding 
and  publishing  a  business  magazine  called 
Florida  Trend  for  twenty-two  years.  As  a 
developer  in  the  Tampa,  Florida,  area 
where  he  resides,  Mullen  and  his  company 
purchased  the  historic  V.  M.  Ybor  Cigar 
Factory  in  Ybor  City  in  1972  and  converted 
it  into  a  shopping  complex  known  as  Ybor 
Square. 

Mullen  says  that  the  mission  of  the  Sur- 
vivors Club,  besides  encouraging  longevi- 
ty, is  also  a  sentimental  one — to  keep  the 
old  regime  together  while  remembering 
their  days  at  Duke.  As  soon-to-be  custodi- 
an of  the  Survivors  Club  brandy,  Mullen 
vows  to  outlast  his  classmates.  "I'm  going 
to  try  my  best,"  he  says.  "There  are  plenty 
reasons  to  hold  out." 

— Jonathan  Douglas 


Please  send  suggestions  for  this  department  to 
"Retrospectives,"  c/o  Duke  Magazine,  Box 
90570,  Durham,  N.C.  27708-0570. 


22 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


CLASS 
NOTES 


WRITE:  Class  Notes  Editor,  Duke  Magazine, 
Box  90570,  Durham,  N.C.  27708-0570 


FAX:  (919)  684-6022  (typed  only,  please) 


CHANGE  OF  ADDRESS:  Alumni  Records, 
Box  90613,  Durham,  N.C.  27708-0613.  Please 
include  mailing  label  and  allow  six  weeks. 


NOTICE: 

class  note  material  we  receive  and  the 
long  lead  time  required  for  typesetting, 
design,  and  printing,  your  submission 
may  not  appear  for  three  to  four  issues. 
Alumni  are  urged  to  include  spouses' 


ments.  We  do  not  record  engagements. 


40s  &  50s 


Blanchard  Jr.  '42,  a  trustee 
emeritus  of  Randolph-Macon  College  in  Ashland, 
Va.,  was  awarded  an  honorary  doctor  of  laws  degree  in 
May  during  the  college's  commencement  exercises. 

Juanita  Morris  Kreps  A.M.  '44,  Ph.D.  '48, 
James  B.  Duke  Professor  of  Economics  and  Duke  vice 
president  emeritus,  received  an  honorary  doctor  of 
laws  degree  from  Duke  during  commencement  exer- 
cises in  May.  She  lives  in  Durham. 

John  L.  Fox  '47  is  a  consultant  to  The  Bessemer 
Group,  Inc.  and  Bessemer  Securities  Co.  Before  retiring 
last  year,  he  was  chief  financial  and  administrative  of- 
ficer for  both  organizations.  He  lives  in  New  York  City. 

Richard  E.  Glaze  '52,  LL.B.  '57,  a  partner  in  the 
Winston-Salem  law  firm  Petree  Stockton,  was  in- 
cluded in  the  real  estate  law  section  of  the  1993  edi- 
tion ot  The  Best  Lau^ers  in  America. 


V.  Grune  '52,  chair  and  CEO  of  The 

Readers  Digest  Association  Inc.,  received  the  Ameri- 
can Scenic  and  Historic  Preservation  Society's  1993 
Horace  Marden  Albright  Scenic  Preservation  Medal 
"for  his  outstanding  contributions  to  the  enhance- 
ment of  the  nation's  natural  and  scenic  environ- 
ment." He  and  his  wife,  Betty  Lu  Albert  Grune 
'5 1 ,  live  in  Westport,  Conn. 

Allen  S.  Johnson  A.M.  '53,  Ph.D.  '55,  a  history 
professor  at  N.C.  Wesleyan  College,  was  named  the 
school's  1993-94  Jefferson-Pilot  Professor,  recognizing 
him  as  a  "distinguished  scholar  dedicated  to  teaching 
and  to  the  academic  life  of  the  college."  He  and  his 
wife,  Leigh,  live  in  Rocky  Mount,  N.C. 

Margit  Triska  White  '54,  vice  president  for  in- 
vestments at  Prudential  Securities,  was  named  a 
licensed  representative  for  The  National  Center  for 
Women  and  Retirement  Research's  Pre-retirement 
Education  Planning  Seminars  for  Women.  She  lives 
in  Potomac,  Md. 

Robert  H.  Beber  '55,  J.D.  '57  was  named  execu- 
tive vice  president  of  W.R.  Grace  6k  Co.  in  Boca 
Raton,  Fla. 


A.  Earle  A.M.  '56,  Ph.D.  '66,  a  marine 
botanist  and  biologist  described  by  The  New  Yorker 
magazine  as  "perhaps  the  world's  best-known  woman 

,"  received  an  honorary  doctor  of  science 


degree  from  Duke  during 

May.  She  lives  in  Oakland,  Calif. 

Bernard  Allen  Rineberg  '56,  MD.  '60  was 
installed  as  president  of  the  American  Academy  of 
Orthopaedic  Surgeons  in  February.  He  lives  in  New 
Brunswick,  N.J. 


J.  Wennerstrom  B.S.M.E.  '56,  director 
of  the  NATO  Advisory  Group  for  Aerospace  Research 
and  Development  in  Paris,  was  awarded  the  R.  Tom 
Sawyer  Award  of  the  American  Society  of  Mechani- 
cal Engineers.  He  received  the  award  at  the  Interna- 
tional Gas  Turbine  and  Aeroengine  Congress  Exposi- 
tion in  Cincinnati  for  his  "important  contributions  to 
the  advancement  of  the  gas  turbine  industry  and  to 
thei 


Walter  H.  Keim  '57,  who  earned  his  bachelor  of 
science  degree  in  nursing  from  The  University  of  Texas 
Health  Science  Center  at  San  Antonio,  is  a  registered 
nurse  at  the  San  Antonio  State  School.  He  and  his 


wife,  Carol  Hess  Keim  '58,  live  in  San  Antonio. 
They  have  three  children  and  a  granddaughter. 

William  McKinley  Smiley  '57,  a  professor  at 
Stetson  University  College  of  Law,  coached  the 
school's  trial  team  to  first  place  in  the  Association  of 
Trial  Lawyers  of  America's  National  Trial  Competi- 
tion in  Miami. 

Phillip  K.  Sotel  '57,  J.D.  "62  is  involved  with  real 
estate  investment,  farming,  and  ranching.  He  also 
practices  law,  specializing  in  foreign  oil  and  gas  explo- 
ration and  ptoduction.  He  lives  in  Pasadena,  Calif. 


R.  Cleaveland  '58,  a  Chattanooga,  Tenn., 
,  was  elected  1993-94  president  of  the  Ameri- 
can College  of  Physicians.  He  and  his  wife,  Ruzha, 
and  their  four  sons  live  in  Signal  Mountain,  Tenn. 

Pat  Kimzey  Hawkins  '58  is  director  of  spe- 
cial projects  for  the  Wise  Alumni  House  at  UNC- 
Wilmington.  She  and  her  husband,  Jim  Hawkins 


COMPUTER  PIONEER 


ention  John 

Cocke's 

name  to  com- 
puter industry  insiders, 
and  you'll  hear  com- 
ments about  his  amaz- 
ing brainpower  and  his 
amusing  idiosyncrasies. 
In  the  early  days  of  the 
computer  revolution, 
he  pioneered  the  devel- 
opment of  reduced 
instruction  set  comput- 
ing (RISC),  pipelining, 
and  compiler  optimiza- 
tion while  at  IBM.  He's 
won  the  A.M.  Turing 
Award,  the  computer 
science  equivalent  of  a 
Nobel  Prize,  was 
awarded  a  Medal  of 
Technology  by  then- 
President  George 
Bush,  and  has  been 
elected  to  the  National 
Academy  of  Sciences. 
But  there's  also  the 
image  of  Cocke  '45, 
Ph.D.  "56  absent-mind- 
edly trying  to  write  on 
a  blackboard  with  the 
end  of  his  cigarette.  Or 
the  time  he  was  spotted 
wearing  a  tattered 
overcoat  in  a  raging 
snowstorm  while  riding 
a  unicycle. 

Such  reports  are 
"modesdy  exagger- 
ated," says  Cocke.  "I 
did  have  a  tattered 
overcoat  I  don't  recall 
that  incident,  but  I 
could  ride  a  unicycle.  I 
learned  in  the  dorms." 
Cocke ( 


Ace  inventor:  Cocke's  unconventional  intellect  revolu- 
tionized  the  computer  industry 


Duke  in  the  mid-Forties 
to  study  mechanical 
engineering.  After 
graduation,  he  became 
a  Navy  officer,  worked 
briefly  for  a  heating 
and  air  conditioning 
firm,  then  returned  to 
the  Navy,  where  he 
served  as  electrician 
specialist  on  an  aircraft 
carrier  in  the  Mediter- 
ranean. He  returned  to 
Duke  for  his  Ph.D.  in 
mathematics. 

While  that  sounds 
like  a  typical  biography 
for  an  up-and-coming 
young  engineer,  Cocke 
was  anything  but  typi- 
cal. His  father  was 
Norman  Cocke,  presi- 
dent of  Duke  Power 
Company  from  1947  to 
1959  and,  before  that, 
a  confidant  of  univer- 
sity founder  James 
Buchanan  Duke.  A 


lawyer  from  Virginia, 
the  elder  Cocke  used 
to  make  wagon  trips 
with  Duke  to  purchase 
land  for  the  power 
company.  A  Charlotte 
resident,  he  would  also 
visit  Duke's  nearby 
home  to  discuss  the 
drafting  of  The  Duke 
Endowment,  for  which 
he  acted  as  the  first 
trustee.  From  1953  to 
1960,  Norman  Cocke 
chaired  the  university's 
board  of  trustees.  And 
his  memory  lives  on  in 
the  name  of  the  Duke 
Power  Company's 
largest  reservoir,  Lake 
Norman. 

The  younger  Cocke 
took  a  different  path. 
"I've  always  been  in- 
terested in  gadgets,"  he 
says.  "I  used  to  take 
my  bicycle  apart  regu- 
larly.... And  I  was  very 


interested  in  airplanes 
as  a  small  kid.  I  used  to 
take  the  bus  to  the  air- 
port and  I  subscribed 
to  all  kinds  of  airplane 
magazines." 

But  Cocke  ended  up 
going  to  work  for  IBM 
in  1956,  and  became  a 
loyal,  if  unconven- 
tional, company  man. 
Of  all  Cocke's  inven- 
tions, RISC  is  consid- 
ered to  have  the  most 
impact  on  currently 
evolving  computer 
technology.  It's  a  set  of 
techniques  for  process- 
ing instructions  that 
have  been  reduced  to 
their  simplest  possible 
forms  so  they  can  be 
handled  more  quickly. 

In  a  recent  Wall 
Street  Journal  article,  a 
survey  of  computer  in- 
dustry leaders  selected 
a  "high-tech  Dream 
Team."  Microsoft  chair 
William  Gates  was 
elected  "America's  Ur- 
Nerd,"  but  bringing  up 
the  ranks  were  four 
others  who  have  shaped 
the  computer  world  as 
we  know  it  today.  Not 
surprisingly,  John 
Cocke  was  there,  cited 
as  one  of  the  computer 
"geniuses"  responsible 
for  "provoking  [the 
industry's]  first  stir- 
rings and  articulating  its 
most  futuristic 
dreams." 

:  Basgail 


July-August    1993 


'49,  LL.B.  '5 1 ,  have  a  house  at  Landfall  in  Wilmington. 

Maxwell  L.  McCormack  Jr.  M.F  59,  D.F.  63 
was  named  the  new  Henry  W.  Saunders  Professor  of 
Hardwood  Silviculture  at  the  University  of  Maine. 

MARRIAGES:  Robert  E.  Cowin  '46  to  Ann 
Wilson  Smoot  '47  in  April. 


60s 


William  H.  Carstarphen  '62,  the  city  manager 
for  Greensboro,  N.C.,  was  selected  to  participate  in 
the  International  City  Management  Association's 
1993  International  Management  Exchange  Program, 
visiting  Totnes,  England,  for  two  weeks  in  April. 


Louis  S.  Purnell  '62,  an  associate  vice  president 
with  Long  &  Foster  Commercial  Real  Estate,  Inc., 
was  appointed  to  the  Maryland  Economic  Growth, 
Resource  Protection,  and  Planning  Commission  by 
Gov.  William  Schaefer.  He  and  his  family  live  in 
Owings,  Md.,  where  he  is  a  member  of  the  Calvert 
County  Planning  Commission. 

George  Rosenstein  A.M.  '62,  Ph.D.  '63,  a 
mathematics  professor  at  Franklin  and  Marshall  Col- 
lege in  Lancaster,  Pa.,  received  the  Christian  R.  and 
Mary  F.  Lindback  Award  for  Distinguished  Teaching. 
He  and  his  wife,  Harriet,  live  in  Lancaster. 


Kelley  Hicks  '63  is  a  major  gifts  officer 
at  Duke,  where  her  areas  of  responsibility  include 
Chicago,  Los  Angeles,  and  San  Francisco. 

Grant  T.  Hollett  Jr.  B.S.M.E.  '64  was  promoted 
to  rear  admiral  upper  half  in  the  U.S.  Naval  Reserve. 
He  and  his  wife,  Lynn,  live  in  Waukegan,  111. 


R.  Ladd  '64  opened  his  own  international 
business  consulting  firm,  Ladd  Pacific  Consulting,  in 
Seattle.  He  had  worked  as  managing  partner  of  the 
Tokyo  and  Seattle  offices  of  Deloitte,  Haskins  & 
Sells,  where  he  was  a  member  of  its  Board  of  Interna- 
tional Representatives  and  chaired  its  International 
Human  Resources  Committee.  He  was  president  of 
the  Duke  Alumni  Association  in  1991-92. 

Ann  S.  Perkins  '64,  A.M.  '65  represented  Duke 
in  April  at  the  inauguration  of  the  president  of  Cali- 
fornia State  University  at  Northridge.  She  lives  in 
Northridge. 

Howard  W.  Brill  '65,  a  law  professor  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Arkansas,  was  named  the  school's  outstand- 
ing classroom  teacher. 

John  W.  Setzer  Jr.  B.D.  '65,  who  earned  a  doc- 
tor of  ministry  degree  from  Gordon-Conwell  Theo- 
logical Seminary  in  May,  is  an  Episcopal  priest.  His 
thesis  was  "An  Evaluation  of  the  Effectiveness  of 
Liturgical  Preaching  for  Spiritual  Formation."  He  and 
his  family  live  in  Midland,  Texas. 


Regina  Norcross  von  Schriltz  '65  was 

named  manager  of  external  and  regulatory  affairs  of 
ECOCHEM,  a  DuPont/Conagra  Co.  She  and  her 
husband,  Don  Morris  von  Schriltz  Ph.D.  '67, 
and  their  two  sons  live  in  Wilmington,  Del. 

Thomas  N.  Wise  M.D.  '65,  professor  and  vice 
chair  of  the  psychiatry  department  at  Georgetown 
University's  medical  school,  was  elected  president  of 
the  American  Psychosomatic  Society. 


'66,  who  earned  her 
doctorate  in  computer  science  from  the  University  of 
Pittsburgh  in  May,  is  assistant  professor  of  computer 
science  at  Allegheny  College  in  Meadville,  Pa. 


C.  Brooks  Jr.  '67  was  named  president 
of  the  Associated  Doctors  Strategic  Business  Unit  of 
ING  US  Life  in  Atlanta. 


Royce  P.  Jones  B.D.  '67,  a  philosophy  professor 
at  Illinois  College,  received  the  Ernest  G.  Hildner  Jr. 
Award  during  the  school's  Honors  Day  Convocation 
in  May. 

Wayne  Dickson  A.M.  '68,  Ph.D.  76,  professor  of 
English  and  chair  of  the  humanities  program  at  Stet- 
son University,  was  awarded  the  school's  McEniry 
Award  for  Excellence  in  Teaching. 

Jay  Hakes  A.M.  '68,  Ph.D.  '70,  a  top  aide  to  U.S. 
Sen.  Bob  Graham  of  Florida,  was  nominated  by  Presi- 
dent Clinton  to  be  administrator  of  the  Energy  Infor- 
mation Administration. 

Peter  Norris  A.M.  '68,  upper  school  director  at 
Breck  School  in  Minneapolis,  delivered  the  school's 
baccalaureate  address  in  June. 

Michele  Tavernise  '68,  a  Navy  captain, 
completed  the  Reserve  Officer  National  Security 
Decision  Making  Course  at  Naval  War  College  in 
Newport,  R.I. 


an  associate 

professor  of  physiology  at  Va.  Commonwealth  Univer- 
sity, was  named  Arthur  C.  Guyton  Physiology  Teacher 
of  the  Year  by  the  American  Physiological  Society. 

John  D.  Englar  '69,  J.D.  '72  was  named  senior 
vice  president  of  finance  and  law  for  Burlington 
Industries  Equity  Inc.,  in  Greensboro,  N.C. 


70s 


A.M.  71,  Ph.D.  75,  a  professor 
of  economics  at  Ripon  College  in  Ripon,  Ohio,  re- 
ceived the  May  Bumby  Severy  Award  for  excellence 
in  teaching. 

Gregory  S.  Liptak  M.D.  71,  associate  professor 
of  pediatrics  at  the  University  of  Rochester  in  New 
York,  edited  the  "chronic  illness  in  children"  section 
for  the  recently  published  sixteenth  edition  of  The 
Merck  Manual  of  Diagnosis  and  Therapy. 


i  M.D.  71  received  a  1993  Charles 
E.  Culpepper  Foundation  Scholarship  in  Medical 
Humanities,  which  will  fund  up  to  three  years  of  his 
research  at  the  Presbyterian  Medical  Center  of 
Philadelphia. 

James  C.  Mclntyre  71  is  executive  director  of 
The  Big  Apple  Circus  in  New  York  City. 


7 1  was  named  president  of 
North  American  operations  for  Otis  Elevator  Co.  in 
Farmington,  Conn. 

Edwin  S.  Epstein  72  opened  Chambers  Hair 
Institute  in  Richmond,  Va.,  where  he  performs  hair 
transplants. 

Jean  E.  Hoysradt  72,  senior  vice  president  in 
charge  of  New  York  Life  Insurance  Co.'s  investment 
department,  was  honored  with  the  Girl  Scout  Coun- 
cil of  Bergen  County's  (N.J.)  Outstanding  Achieve- 
ment Award  for  "her  exceptional  career  achievements 
in  the  financial  services  industry." 

Alec  Wightman  72  was  named  legal  services 
partner  in  the  national  law  firm  Baker  &  Hostetler. 
Based  in  the  firm's  Columbus,  Ohio,  office,  he  con- 
centrates in  general  business  with  emphasis  on  bank- 
ruptcy and  commercial  law. 


Diane  Elizabeth  Burkley  73  joined  the  Wash- 
ington, D.C.,  and  N.Y  offices  of  Fried,  Frank,  Harris, 
Shriver  &  Jacobson  as  an  employee  benefits  and  cor- 
porate restructuring  partner. 

Douglas  K.  Eyberg  73,  a  partner  in  the  Houston 
law  firm  Hutcheson  fit  Grundy,  L.L.P.,  was  elected  to 
the  firm's  management  committee. 


J.  Jeffrey  Heinrich  B.H.S.  73  was  awarded  the 
1993  Curtis  P.  Artz  Award  at  the  annual  meeting  of 
the  American  Bum  Association  "for  his  many  contri- 
butions in  caring  for  burn  patients." 

Katharyn  Antle  May  B.S.N.  73  is  associate 
dean  for  research  and  director  of  the  Ph.D./Nursing 
Science  program  at  Vanderbilt  University  in  Nash- 
ville, Tenn.  She  lives  in  Nashville. 

Thomas  A.  Schwartz  M.Ed.  73,  an  Army 
major  general,  was  named  commanding  general  at 
Fort  Carson,  Colo. 


Taylor  73  published  The  Com- 
plete Book  of  Biblical  Literacy  this  past  year.  He  and  his 
wife,  Carol  Rogers  Taylor  B.S.N.  73,  and  their 
five  children  celebrated  with  a  week-long  canoe  trek 
in  the  Boundary  Waters  of  Minnesota  and  Canada. 
They  live  in  Wheaton,  111. 

Mary  Beth  Almeda  74,  M.Ed.  75,  the  director 
of  the  Center  for  Media  and  Independent  Learning  at 
the  University  of  California  Extension  in  Berkeley, 
received  the  Gayle  B.  Childs  Award  at  the  annual 
meeting  of  the  National  University  Continuing  Edu- 
cation Association  for  her  "outstanding  contributions 
in  the  field  of  independent  study." 

Nancy  Muller  74  joined  Span- America  Medical 
Systems,  Inc.,  where  she  is  director  of  sales  and  market- 
ing. The  medical  products  company  specializes  in  ther- 
apeutic surface  support  systems.  She  serves  on  the 
boards  of  the  local  Girl  Scout  Council  and  the  ele- 
mentary school  PTA.  She  and  her  husband,  Warren 
Mersereau,  and  their  two  sons  live  in  Greenville,  S.C. 


Alex  Roland  Ph.D.  74,  Duke  history  professor  and 
a  critic  of  manned  space  flight,  debated  NASA  adminis- 
trator Daniel  S.  Goldin  in  April  at  the  National  Air 
and  Space  Museum  in  Washington,  D.C.  The  topic  of 
the  1993  Wemher  Von  Braun  Memorial  Lecture  was 
"Colonizing  Space:  What  Is  Our  Goal?" 


Jeffrey  D.  Blass  75  is  an  executive  vice  president 
for  SunBank  of  Volusia  County,  Fla.,  in  charge  of 
retail  banking.  He  and  his  wife,  Cam,  and  their  three 
children  live  in  Ormond  Beach. 


Gary  S.  Jacobs  75,  clinical  instructor  at  Wake 
Forest's  Bowman  Gray  School  of  Medicine,  was  certi- 
fied by  the  American  Board  of  Orthodontics. 

Betty  J.  Seymour  Ph.D.  75,  professor  of  religious 
studies  and  co-coordinator  of  the  women's  studies 
focus  at  Randolph-Macon  College,  received  a 
Thomas  Branch  Award  for  Excellence  in  Teaching. 


G. 


75  is  the  top  purchasing 
General  Motors  in  Detroit. 


O'Neal  Ph.D.  76,  professor 
of  English  at  Columbia  College  of  South  Carolina, 
was  named  as  the  Outstanding  Faculty  Member  for 
1993-94. 


Thomas  Bradley  Smith  76,  a  Navy  < 
der,  completed  specialty  training  in  prosthondontics 
at  the  Navy  Dental  School  in  Bethesda,  Md.  He  is  a 
senior  dental  officer  aboard  the  aircraft  carrier  USS 
Nimitz,  stationed  in  the  Persian  Gulf.  He  lives  in  Sil- 
verdale,  Wash. 

Stephen  linger  M.D.  76  returned  from  Phoenix, 
Ariz.,  where  he  directed  the  Society  of  American 
Gastrointestinal  Endoscopic  Surgeons  Annual  Scien- 
tific Session.  He  lives  in  Miami. 

Robert  D.  Henry  B.S.M.E.  77  was  appointed 
technical  sales  service  manager  of  the  Pacific  Rim  for 
Westvaco.  He  and  his  wife,  Judi,  and  their  three  chil- 
dren live  in  Singapore. 

Omar  Khalifa  B.S.E.  77  is  the  manager  of  the 
sustainable  technology  group  at  Apple  Computer, 
Inc.  He  and  his  wife,  Barbara,  live  in  Palo  Alto,  Calif. 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


R.  Robin  McDonald  77,  a  senior  writer  with 
Atlanta  magazine,  won  two  of  the  City  and  Regional 
Magazine  Association's  prestigious  William  Allen 
White  awards:  a  silver  medal  for  investigative  report- 
ing and  a  bronze  for  public  affairs  reporting.  She  also 
won  third  place  in  the  1993  National  Headliner 
Awards  in  the  category  "Consistently  Outstanding 
F-'c  uuiv  \VnimL'/M:i!M.:in<>." 

Sandra  Boek  Werness  77  is  completing  her 
first  decade  of  private  law  practice,  specializing  in 
domestic  relations  and  general  civil  litigation.  She 
and  her  husband,  Bruce,  live  in  Alexandria,  Va. 

Joe  M.  Davis  '78  was  awarded  an  associate  profes- 
sorship with  tenure  in  chemistry/biochemistry  at 
Southern  Illinois  University  at  Carbondale. 

Ellen  Byron  Hoggard  '78  was  promoted  to  vice 
president  for  international  programs  with  the  OPEN 
DOOR  Student  Exchange  in  Hempstead,  N.Y.  She 
has  been  responsible  for  all  new  OPEN  DOOR  ex- 
change programs  in  Eastern  Europe  and  the  former 
Soviet  Union. 

Gale  Weaver  McLardie  '78  established  a  Duke 
alumni  club  in  Melbourne,  Australia.  She  and  her 
husband,  Gregory,  and  their  three  children  now  live 
in  Tokyo,  Japan. 

Michele  Miller  Sales  '78,J.D.  '81  is  practicing 

law  at  the  Seattle  firm  Steele  &  Sales,  P.S. 

I.  Scott  Sokol  '78,  J.D.  '82  is  director  of  develop- 
ment for  Planned  Parenthood  of  Greater  Orlando.  He 
and  his  daughter  live  in  Winter  Park,  Fla. 

Marylou  Queally  Weber  '78,  agency  manager 
of  The  Equitable  Life  Assurance  Society,  was  named 
Manager  of  the  Month  by  Life  &  Health  Insurance 
Sales  Magazine.  She  and  her  husband,  Mark,  and  their 
two  daughters  live  in  New  Canaan,  Conn. 

Tyler  D.  Heerwagen  B.S.M.E.  '79  is  a  Navy 
lieutenant  commander  in  charge  of  the  Staunton, 
Va.,  Naval  Reserve  Center.  He  and  his  wife,  Belinda, 
frequently  travel  to  compete  in  East  Coast  bicycle 
races  on  the  weekends.  They  have  two  daughters  and 
live  in  Staunton,  Va. 

Preston  McKever-Floyd  M.Div.  '79,  an  in- 
structor of  philosophy  and  religion  at  Coastal  Caro- 
lina College  in  Conway,  S.C.,  received  the  Student 
Affairs  Division  Award  in  honor  of  his  "significant 
contributions  to  the  quality  of  student  life  through 
participation  and  leadership  in  the  co-curricular 
activities  of  the  college." 


SS  Robinson  '79  left  the  Air 
Force  and  set  up  a  private  practice  in  general  surgery 
in  Eufaula,  Ala.  She  and  her  husband,  Dennis,  and 
their  three  daughters  live  in  Eufaula. 


MARRIAGES:  Sandra  Boek  '77  to  Bruce  A. 
Wemess  on  March  6.  Residence:  Alexandria,  Va.... 
Robert  E.  Ellett  Jr.  '77  to  Margaret  A.  Sterling 
on  Jan.  5,  1991.  Residence:  Rockville,  Md. 

BIRTHS:  First  child  and  daughter  to  Melinda 
Mits  Sakioka  J.D.  '76  and  Mas  Sakioka  on  Dec. 
14.  Named  Nicole  Akemi... Third  child  and  son  to 
Jeffrey  A.  Heller  77  and  Nancy  Freund 
Heller  '78  on  May  16.  Named  Benjamin  Roy. .. 
Fourth  child  and  first  daughter  to  Anna  Gunnars- 
son  Pfeiffer  '77  and  Leonatd  Pfeiffer  IV  on  April 
7.  Named  Jacqueline  Anna. .  .Third  child  and  son  to 
Nancy  Freund  Heller  '78  and  Jeffrey  A. 

Heller '77  on  May  16.  Named  Benjamin  Roy... First 
child  and  daughter  to  Robert  L.  Pillote  Jr.  '78 

and  Katla  H.  Pillote  on  May  24,  1992.  Named  Eliza- 
beth Margaret... Second  child  and  daughter  to  Eliza' 

beth  Ann  Whitmore  Kelley  B.S.N.  '79  and 
Arthur  Woodfin  Kelley  BSE.  79,  M.S.  '81, 
Ph.D.  '84  on  April  7.  Named  Charlotte  Gardner... 
Third  child  and  daughtet  to  Elizabeth  BuSS 

79  and  Dennis  Robinson  on  Aug.  4, 


DEALING  WITH  DIABETES 


When  her 
three-year- 
old  daugh- 
ter Sarah  was  diag- 
nosed with  diabetes, 
Linnea  Snowden 
Mulder  searched  for  a 
children's  book  that 
could  explain  the  dis- 
order in  simple  terms. 
But  everywhere  she 
turned,  Mulder 
B.S.N.  '75  came  up 
empty  handed. 

"So,  fool  that  1  was, 
I  decided  I'd  just 
whip  something  up, 
even  though  I  didn't 
have  any  writing 
experience,"  says 
Mulder.  Four  years 
later,  in  1992,  Sarah 
and  Puffle:  A  Story  for 
Children  About  Dia- 
betes was  published 
by  Magina tion  Press. 
In  the  interim,  Mul- 
der took  some  chil- 
dren's book  courses, 
talked  at  length  with 
her  daughter's 
endocrinologist,  and 
sent  out  the  manu- 
script sixty  times  before 
landing  a  publisher.  "I 
realize  now  that  sounds 
pathetic,"  she  says  of 
the  multiple  rejections. 
"But  I  figured  I  had 
nothing  to  lose." 

As  often  happens  in 
families  of  health-care 
givers,  Mulder,  who's 
worked  in  nursing  all 
her  professional  life, 
wasn't  initially  alarmed 
by  her  daughter's  symp- 
toms. "I  knew  she  was 
drinking  more  water 
than  usual,  and  having 
to  go  to  the  bathroom 
more  often,  but  I  just 
thought  she  was  get- 
ting over  a  bug.  Her 


True  to  life:  far 
Mulder  and  daug 
ters  Sarah,  left,  and 
Emily,  learning 
about  diabetes  was  a 
family  affair 


by  Linnea  Mulder,  I 
illustrated  hy  Joanne  H. ) 


preschool  teachers 
took  me  aside  and  said 
they  thought  I  should 
have  her  looked  at.  As 
it  turned  out,  her  blood 
sugar  was  in  the  high 
700s,  and  she  was  put 
in  the  hospital  right 
away.  If  it  hadn't  been 
for  those  teachers,  I'm 
convinced  she  would 
have  ended  up  in  in- 
tensive care  or  worse." 

Mulder's  daughter 
was  diagnosed  with 
Type  I  diabetes,  which 
usually  occurs  in  child- 
hood. People  with  this 
kind  of  diabetes  must 
get  insulin  from  injec- 
tions, since  the  body 
can't  produce  it  natu- 


rally. Insulin  is  needed 
to  convert  food  to 
energy.  Although  re- 
searchers are  unsure 
exacdy  what  causes 
Type  I  diabetes,  Mul- 
der says  it  appears  to  be 
some  combination  of 
inherited  susceptibility, 
a  virus  or  viruses,  and 
an  auto-immune  disor- 
der. Type  2  diabetes, 
on  the  other  hand, 
usually  occurs  in  adults, 
and  may  or  may  not 
require  insulin. 

Sarah  and  Puffle, 
illustrated  by  Joanne 
Friar,  is  written  for  ages 
four  to  eight.  The  story 
provides  basic  informa- 
tion about  diabetes  and 


1  explores  the  frustra- 
g  tions  of  having  to  adapt 
g  one's  life  to  daily  in- 
~  sulin  shots,  blood  tests, 
and  food  monitoring. 
Mulder  says  the  book 
is  designed  not  only  for 
children  with  diabetes, 
but  for  their  siblings 
and  peer  groups  as 
well. 

In  the  book,  Sarah 
becomes  upset  about 
having  to  follow  a  set 
routine  while  the 
kids  around  her 
seem  carefree. 
With  the  help  of  a 
talking  lamb, 
she's  able  to  work 
through  her  emo- 
tions. As  the  book 
ends,  Sarah  shows 
a  cousin  how  she 
measures  her 
blood  sugar  level 
and  gets  an 
insulin  injection. 
"It's  only  been 
fairly  recendy  that 
children  were  in- 
volved in  their 
own  care,"  says  Mul- 
der. "What  doctors 
have  found  is  that  if 
children  are  doing  their 
own  blood  testing  and 
giving  themselves 
shots,  it  will  be  much 
easier  to  carry  those 
habits  over  into  adoles- 
cence. Because  once 
they  enter 

adolescence,  which  is  a 
tricky  time  anyway, 
the  diabetes  is  affected 
by  hormonal  changes. 
So  it's  important  to 
start  kids  off  early  tak- 
ing charge  of  their 
health." 


1992.  Named  Caitlin  Anne... Daughter  to  Jeff 
Whalen  79  and  Stephanie  Whalen  on  March  21. 
Named  Aliza  Claire. .  .Third  daughter  to  Elizabet 
"Betsy"  Reiser  Williams  79  and  Doug 

Williams  on  Aug.  8,  1992.  Named  Anna  Douglas. 


80s 


Douglass  T.  Davidoff  '80  took  a  year  off  from 
his  journalism  career  to  work  as  director  of  public 
affaits  for  the  Hudson  Institute,  a  public  policy  re- 
search organization  based  in  Indianapolis.  He  and  his 
wife,  Amy,  report  that  they  purchased  a  kiddie  bas- 
ketball goal  fot  their  two-and-a-half-year-old  son 
Robert,  who  sank  five  of  his  first  six  free  throws.  They 
live  in  Indianapolis. 


Thomas  Gibson  '80  is  president  of  Ass. 
Management  Bureau  Inc.  He  and  his  wife,  1 
in  Washington,  D.C. 

Cary  Laxer  Ph.D.  '80  was  promoted  fror 
to  full  professor  of  physics  at  Rose-Hulman 
of  Technology  in  Terre  Haute,  Ind. 

Kathryn  Reiss  '80,  who  holds  an  M.F.A.  in  cre- 
ative writing  from  the  University  of  Michigan,  is  the 
author  of  four  young  adult  books,  including  Dreadful 
Sorry,  published  this  year,  and  Pale  Phoenix,  to  be 
released  in  April  1994.  Her  first  book,  Time  Windows, 
was  selected  by  the  American  Library  Association  for 
the  "Best  Books  for  Young  Adults"  list.  She  lives  in 
Oakland,  Calif. 

Frank  A.  Riddick  III  M.B.A.  '80  was  named 

corporate  controller  of  FMC  Corp.  in  Chicago.  He 
and  his  wife,  Carol,  and  their  two  children  live  in 
Wilmette,  111. 


July-August    1995 


Eric  Steinhouse  '80  was  named  director  of  brand 
management  for  DowBrands  Cleaning  Products 
Division.  He  and  his  wife,  Michele  Kessler 
Steinhouse  '81,  and  their  three  children  live  in 
Carmel,  Ind. 

John  Dear  '81,  a  member  of  the  Society  of  Jesus 
and  the  Jesuits'  Maryland  Province,  was  ordained  into 
the  priesthood  during  a  June  ceremony  in  Baltimore. 

Sara  Ruth  Dorn  '81,  who  earned  her  M.S.  degree 
in  horticulture  from  Rutgers  University  in  January,  is 
a  research  associate  in  vanilla  tissue  culture  for  David 
Michael  and  Co.,  Inc.  in  Philadelphia. 

Alvita  S.  Eason  '81  was  named  director  of  career 
services  at  George  Mason  University's  law  school  in 
Arlington,  Va. 


I '81  left  Alcatel  Cable  Sys- 
tems in  1990  to  form  FiberTechniques,  which  pro- 
vides products  and  sen-ices  in  the  field  of  fiber  optics. 
She  lives  at  Smith  Mountain  Lake  in  Moneta,  Va. 

Barton  P.  Pachino  '81  was  named  senior  vice 
president  and  general  counsel  of  Kaufman  and  Broad 
Home  Corp.  in  Los  Angeles.  He  and  his  wife,  Linda, 
and  their  son  live  in  Marina  del  Rey,  Calif. 

Kerry  E.  Hannon  '82  is  an  associate  editor  at 
U.S.  News  &  World  Report  in  Washington,  D.C.  She 
and  her  husband,  Clifford,  live  in  Washington. 

Garrett  J.  Hart  '82,  a  Navy  lieutenant  comman- 
der, reported  for  duty  aboard  the  aircraft  carrier  USS 
John  F.  Kennedy,  whose  home  port  is  Norfolk,  Va. 

Ciel  Albrecht  Murphy  '82  is  a  regional  manager 
with  Physicians  Business  Management.  She  and  her 
husband,  Tom,  and  their  daughter  live  in  Dallas. 

Marcy  Doyle  Sparks  '82  is  a  consultant  for 
Prime  Performance,  Inc.,  a  Denver-based  company 
that  specializes  in  sales  and  service  quality.  She  and 
her  husband,  George,  and  their  son  own  and  live  on  a 
Christmas  tree  farm  in  Jarrettsville,  Md. 


A.  Canf  ield  B.S.M.E.  '83,  who  earned 
his  doctorate  in  engineering  mechanics  from  Virginia 
Tech,  is  an  aerospace  engineering  instructor  at 
Wright-Patterson  Air  Force  Base  in  Dayton,  Ohio. 

Paula  Litner  Friedman  '83  was  named  market 
research  manager  within  the  beverage  division  of 
General  Foods  in  White  Plains,  N.Y.  She  and  her  hus- 
band, Howard,  and  their  son  live  in  Stamford,  Conn. 


G.  Hock  J.D.  '83  became  a  shareholder 
in  the  Tampa  law  firm  Langford,  Hill,  Trybus 
&Whalen,P.A. 

Andrew  Duncan  McClintock BSE.  '83,  who 
received  the  Navy  Commendation  Medal  for  merito- 
rious service  while  serving  as  the  air  officer  with  the 
Marines  in  Operations  Desert  Shield  and  Storm, 
resigned  his  commission  as  a  captain  in  June  1991  and 
attends  Emory  University's  law  school.  He  is  associate 
editor  of  Emory  International  Law  Review.  His  article 
"Law  and  War:  Coalition  Attacks  on  Iraqi  Chemical 
and  Biological  Weapons  Production  and  Storage 
Facilities"  is  scheduled  for  publication  this  fall.  His 
wife,  Dinah  Spitzer  McClintock  '83,  was 
awarded  the  1993-94  Jacob  K.  Javits  Fellowship  as  a 
fourth-year  Ph.D.  candidate  in  an  history  at  Emory. 
Her  article,  "Bessie  Harvey:  Her  Gift  of  the  Spirit,"  is 
scheduled  for  publication  in  Athanor  in  the  spring  of 
1994-  They  have  a  son  and  live  in  Atlanta,  Ga. 

Mark  Alan  Short  '83  is  a  vice  president  of  the 
Northern  Trust  Co.,  where  he  is  head  of  the  commer- 
cial lending  training  program.  He  and  his  wife, 
Dorothy  Mestier  Short  '83,  and  their  two  sons 
live  in  Wilmette,  111. 

David  B.  Alhadeff  '84,  who  earned  his  master's 
in  management  at  Northwestem's  Kellogg  School  of 


Management,  is  a  marketing  manager  for  Westvaco 
Corp.  He  and  his  wife,  Andrea,  live  in  New  York  City. 

Daniel  M.  Ferber  '84,  who  earned  a  Ph.D.  in 
biology  at  Johns  Hopkins,  is  a  research  assistant  in  the 
microbiology  department  of  the  University  of  Illinois 
at  Urbana-Champaign.  He  lives  in  Champaign,  111. 

Alan  Fryar  '84,  who  earned  his  Ph.D.  in  geology 
from  the  University  of  Alberta  in  1992,  is  working  as 
a  research  associate  with  the  Bureau  of  Economic 
Geology  at  the  University  of  Texas  at  Austin.  He  and 
his  wife,  Carol,  and  their  son  live  in  Austin. 

Carolyn  Kates  '84  is  a  proofreader  for  Trone  Ad- 
vertising Agency.  She  lives  in  Greensboro. 

Gregg  G.  Kowalski  '84  is  group  leader  for  Harris 
Space  Systems  Co.  in  Melbourne,  Fla.  He  and  his  wife, 
Catherine,  and  their  daughter  live  in  Melbourne. 

John  Payan  '84,  who  graduated  from  the  Univer- 
sity of  Medicine  and  Dentistry  of  New  Jersey  in 
Newark,  N.J.,  is  a  radiology  resident.  He  and  his  wife, 
Jana,  live  in  Houston. 

Amy  Austin  Petersen  B.S.M.E.  '84,  who  com- 
pleted eight  years  of  active  duty  as  a  U.S.  Navy  pilot, 
is  flying  for  United  Airlines  as  a  727  second  officer. 
She  and  her  husband,  Craig,  and  their  two  children 
live  in  Virginia  Beach,  Va. 

Michael  Schoenf  eld  '84  was  named  director  of 
communications  policy  and  planning  at  The  Corpo- 
ration for  Public  Broadcasting.  He  and  his  wife,  Eliza- 
beth, and  their  daughter  live  in  Arlington,  Va. 

Thomas  G.  Serio  M.H.A.  '84,  a  graduate  of 
Wake  Fotest  University's  Bowman  Gray  School  of 
Medicine,  was  awarded  a  house  officer  appointment 
for  1993-94.  He  will  train  in  family  practice  at  Talla- 
hassee Memorial  Regional  Medical  Center  in  Talla- 
hassee, Fla. 

David  C.  Baker  '85,  M.B.A.  '90  was  promoted  to 
senior  marketing  analyst  in  external  business  develop- 
ment at  Merck  &.  Co.  He  and  his  wife,  Irene,  and 
their  son  live  in  Cheltenham,  Pa. 


Neil  Becker  '85  is  an  associate  with  the  Hartford, 
Conn.,  law  firm  Berman  &  Sable.  He  and  his  wife, 
Beth,  live  in  West  Hartford. 

Marlene  Bloom  '85  earned  a  Ph.D.  in  clinical 
psychology  from  the  University  of  South  Florida  in 
May.  She  and  her  husband,  Randy,  live  in  Alexan- 
dria, Va. 

Douglas  D.  Hahne  '85,  a  Navy  lieutenant,  was 
deployed  with  commander,  Carrier  Group  Seven  of 
Naval  Air  Station  North  Island,  Calif.,  for  six  months 
to  the  Western  Pacific  as  part  of  the  aircraft  carrier 
USS  Nimitz's  battle  group. 

Stanley  G.  Hart  M.B.A.  '85  was  named  general 
manager  for  Westvaco  Hong  Kong,  Ltd.  He  lives  in 
Hong  Kong. 

Spurgeon  ft.  James  '85,  M.B.A.  '89  repre- 
sented Duke  in  May  at  the  inauguration  of  the  presi- 
dent of  Emory  and  Henry  College  in  Emory,  Va. 

Craig  M.  Kosfofsky  '85,  a  Ph.D.  candidate  at 
the  University  of  Michigan,  was  named  a  1993  Char- 
lotte W.  Newcombe  Fellow  by  the  Woodrow  Wilson 
National  Fellowship  Foundation  and  awarded  a 
stipend  to  support  the  completion  of  his  dissertation. 
He  lives  in  Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 


Ann  McMillin  B.S.E.  '85,  senior  engi- 
neer at  Bell-Northern  Research,  develops  software  for 
a  telephone  switch  manufactured  by  Northern  Tele- 
com for  Nippon  Telephone  and  Telegraph.  She  lives 
in  Tokyo,  Japan. 


R.  Simons  '85  completed  his  residency  in 
internal  medicine  at  Boston's  Brigham  and  Women's 


Hospital  in  June  and  began  a  cardiology  fellowship  at 
Duke  in  July.  He  and  his  wife,  Sunisa,  have  a  daughter. 

Elizabeth  M.  Wallace  '85  was  named  a  market- 
ing officer  at  First  Citizens  Bank  in  Raleigh,  where 
she  works  as  a  sales  promotion  specialist  in  the  mar- 
keting department's  advertising  division.  She  and  her 
husband,  Wallace,  live  in  Raleigh. 

Todd  Alan  Abemethy  '86  returned  from  Peace 
Corps  service  in  Bolivia  and  is  pursuing  his  M.B.A. 
at  UNC-Chapel  Hill's  Kenan-Flagler  School  of 
Business. 

Brian  F.  Addy  B.S.E.  '86  joined  Security  Capital 
Industrial  Inc.  as  an  associate.  He  and  his  wife,  Jean, 
and  their  two  children  live  in  Santa  Fe,  N.M. 


Conway  B.S.M.E.  '86  quit  his  job  as  a 
mechanical  engineer  for  the  U.S.  Air  Force  and  is 
embarking  upon  a  year  to  year-and-a-half  journey 
around  the  world,  focusing  mainly  on  Asia,  Africa, 
and  South  America. 

Bruce  C.  Higinbothom  '86,  a  graduate  of  Wake 
Forest  University's  Bowman  Gray  School  of  Medicine, 
was  awarded  a  house  officer  appointment  for  1993-94. 
He  will  train  in  family  practice  at  Franklin  Square 
Hospital  Center  in  Baltimore. 

Timothy  N.  Thoelecke  Jr.  '86,  president  of 
Garden  Concepts,  Inc.,  in  Glenview,  111.,  is  the 
authot  of  From  the  Ground  Up,  a  do-it-yourself  land- 
scape care  manual. 


Elizabeth  Dotson  '87  earned  her  J.D. 
from  the  University  of  Missouri-Kansas  City  in  May. 
She  lives  in  Kansas  City. 

Brian  J.  Ellis  M.B.A.  '87  was  named  director  of 
real  estate  equity  assets  for  Nationwide  Insurance.  He 
and  his  wife,  Maria,  and  their  two  children  live  in 
Westerville,  Ohio. 

Ellen  Von  der  Heyden  Gillespie  '87  is  a 

product  manager  for  Time  Life  Music.  She  and  her 
husband,  James,  live  in  Alexandria,  Va. 

Albert  F.  Gilman  IV  '87,  a  graduate  of  Wake 
Forest  University's  Bowman  Gray  School  of  Medicine, 
was  awarded  a  house  officer  appointment  for  1993-94. 
He  will  train  in  surgery  at  Mercer  University  School 
of  Medicine  in  Macon,  Ga. 

John  T.  Harris  '87,  who  earned  his  M.D.  from 
UNC-Chapel  Hill's  medical  school  in  1992,  is  a  resi- 
dent at  the  University  of  Texas  Medical  School  and 
Health  Science  Center  in  San  Antonio. 

Stephen  A.  Humber  '87,  a  Navy  lieutenant,  is 
in  the  Adriatic  Sea  with  Attack  Squadron  36  of 
Naval  Air  Station  Oceana  in  Virginia  Beach  as  part 
of  an  effort  to  enforce  the  United  Nation's  "No  fly" 
zone  over  Bosnia-Herzegovina. 

Ted  Newman  '87,  who  earned  his  M.B.A.  at 
UNC-Chapel  Hill's  Kenan-Flagler  School  of  Busi- 
ness, is  a  management  consultant  with  Symmetries  in 
Lexington,  Mass. 

Bradley  S.  Novak  B.S.E.  '87  is  a  sales  engineer 
in  the  environmental  products  business  unit  of  John- 
son Matthey  Inc.  in  Wayne,  Pa.  He  and  his  wife,  Kathy, 
and  their  two  children  live  in  Phoenixville,  Pa. 

Christopher  S.  Swezey  '87,  who  is  pursuing 
his  doctoral  degree  in  geological  sciences  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Texas  at  Austin,  is  a  Fulbright  Scholar 
studying  in  Strasbourg,  France.  He  is  working  at  a 
remote  sensing  laboratory,  where  he  examines  satel- 
lite images  of  the  Grand  Erg  Oriental  (Great  Eastern 
Sand  Sea)  of  the  Tunisian  and  Algetian  Sahara. 

David  J.G.  Williamson  '87,  who  received  a 

Ph.D.  in  clinical  psychology,  with  minors  in  neuro- 
psychology and  medical  psychology,  from  the  Univer- 
sity of  Florida  in  December,  is  on  fellowship  in  clini- 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


cal  neuropsychology  at  the  University  of  Oklahoma 
Health  Sciences  Center.  He  will  return  to  the  Uni- 
versity of  Florida  next  year  for  a  fellowship  in  behav- 
ioral neurology.  He  and  his  wife,  Linda,  live  in  Okla- 
homa City. 

Randye  Resnick  Bernot  '88,  who  earned  her 
M.D.  from  New  York  Medical  College  in  1992,  is 
doing  an  emergency  medicine  residency  at  Long 
Island  Jewish  Medical  Center.  She  and  her  husband, 
Michael,  live  in  New  York  City. 


:arned  his  M.D.  from  Baylor  Col- 
lege of  Medicine  in  May. 

John  B.  Hargrove  '88,  a  Navy  lieutenant,  re- 
turned with  Patrol  Squadron  Five  of  Naval  Air  Sta- 
tion in  Jacksonville,  Fla.,  from  a  six-month  deploy- 
ment to  Keflavik,  Iceland. 

Jeffrey  Hersh  '88  will  be  attending  the  Univer- 
sity of  Pennsylvania's  Wharton  School  of  Business 
this  fall. 

John  F.  Hillen  III  '88,  who  earned  a  master's 
degree  at  King's  College  in  London,  was  accepted  to 
study  for  a  Ph.D.  in  international  relations  at  Oxford 
in  October. 

Elanna  "Loni"  Piatt  Kaplan  '88,  who  earned 
her  master's  in  counseling  and  guidance  from  the 
University  of  South  Florida  in  May,  will  begin  work 
this  fall  as  a  high  school  guidance  counselor.  She 
and  her  husband,  Todd  Kaplan  M.D.  '89,  live  in 
Tampa. 

Hye-Jin  S.  Lee  B.S.E.E.  '88,  a  senior  medical 
student  at  Wake  Forest  University's  Bowman  Gray 
School  of  Medicine,  was  awarded  a  house  officer 
appointment  for  1993-94-  He  will  train  in  internal 
medicine/emergency  medicine  at  the  Medical  Center 
of  Delaware  in  Newark,  Del. 

Lyda  Creus  Molanphy  '88  is  vice  president  of 
communications  for  Shipley  &  Associates  in  Austin, 
Texas.  She  and  her  husband,  Paul,  live  in  Austin. 

Andrea  E.  Puckett  Porter  '88,  who  graduated 
from  Wake  Forest  University's  Bowman  Gray  School 
of  Medicine  in  May,  will  do  her  residency  at  South- 
em  Illinois  University  Medical  Center,  where  she 
will  participate  in  a  six-year  training  program  in 


Edwin  W.  Sparks  Jr.  '88,  a  graduate  of  Wake 
Forest  University's  Bowman  Gray  School  of  Medicine, 
was  awarded  a  house  officer  appointment  for  1993-94. 
He  will  train  in  psychiatry  at  N.C.  Baptist  Hospital  in 
Winston-Salem. 

Craig  H.  Steffee  '88,  A.H.C.  '89,  a  graduate  of 

Wake  Forest  University's  Bowman  Gray  School  of 
Medicine,  was  awarded  a  house  officer  appointment 
for  1993-94  and  will  train  in  pathology  at  N.C.  Bap- 
tist Hospital  in  Winston-Salem.  He  received  the 
Faculty  Award  honoring  outstanding  scholarship  and 
character  at  the  school's  annual  awards  ceremony. 

William  Joseph  Barber  II  M.Div.  89  was 
named  executive  director  of  the  N.C.  Human  Rela- 
tions Commission  by  Gov.  Jim  Hunt. 

Nelson  C.  Bellido  '89  earned  a  J.D.  from  the 
University  of  Florida's  law  school  in  December.  He 
and  his  wife,  Courtney,  live  in  Miami. 

Juan  Pablo  Cappello  '89,  who  graduated  from 
NYU  law  school,  where  he  was  an  editor  on  the  NYU 
Law  Review,  is  working  in  Santiago,  Chile,  for  the 
city's  largest  law  firm. 

Michael  S.  Cooter  '89,  a  graduate  of  Wake 
Forest  University's  Bowman  Gray  School  of  Medicine, 
was  awarded  a  house  officer  appointment  for  1993-94- 
He  will  train  in  otolaryngology  at  the  University  of 
Connecticut  in  Farmington. 


0uke 


TRAVEL 


13 


Continuing  the  educational 

experience  through  more  enriching 

adventures 

"Travel  is  fatal  to  prejudice,  bigotry,  and  narrow- 
mindedness,  and  many  of  our  people  need  it  sorely 
...broad,  wholesome,  charitable  views... can  not  be 
acquired  by  vegetating  in  one  s  little  corner  of  earth. 
—  Mark  Twain,  Innocents  Abroad  (1869) 

Scandinavia 

August  11-23 

Our  alumni  will  be  learning  the  history  of  the 
Vikings,  while  enjoying  a  land  filled  with  majes- 
tic color  and  beauty.  You'll  visit  the  historical 
areas  of  Denmark's  capital  city,  Copenhagen. 
Then  an  overnight  cruise  transports  you  through 
a  60-mile-long  Olsofjord  to  Oslo,  Norway,  fol- 
lowed by  a  fabulous  fjord-country  excursion, 
then  a  train  and  ferry  to  Gudvangen,  a  dramatic 
mountain  setting.  On  to  Bergen  and,  as  a  finale, 
Stockholm,  Sweden.  Savor  the  real  Scandinavia 
brought  to  life  by  knowledgeable  local  guides. 
Visit  Tivoli  Gardens,  enjoy  a  memorable  home- 
hosted  Swedish  luncheon,  and  explore  major 
cities.  An  optional  trip  to  St.  Petersburg  on  a 
special  three-night  extension  at  the  Astoria 
Hotel  rounds  out  this  highly  educational  tour. 
$3,598  per  person,  double  occupancy. 

Passage  to  Suez 

September  28-October  12 
Turkey-Greek  Islands-Israel-Egypt.  A  chance  to 
grasp  the  world's  classic  civilizations  brought 
together  in  one  itinerary.  Our  certified  guides  will 
provide  an  informative  perspective  of  each  area 
visited.  After  three  nights  in  Istanbul  at  the  new 
Conrad  Istanbul,  the  all-suite  Renaissance  becomes 
your  exclusively  chartered  home  for  the  next  seven 
nights.  Ports  of  call  include:  Kusadase  (Ephesus), 
Turkey;  Kos  and  Rhodes,  Greece;  Haifa  and 
Ashdod  (Jerusalem  and  Bethlehem),  Israel;  and 
Port  Said,  Egypt.  Then  on  to  three  nights  at  the 
Semiramis  Inter-Continental  overlooking  the 
Nile  River  and  Cairo.  Unique  features  include 
time  to  explore  Istanbul  and  Cairo,  the  option 
of  extending  an  additional  four  days  in  Luxor, 
and  two  days  at  sea  cruising  the  Aegean  Sea  and 
Eastern  Mediterranean.  From  $4,498  per  per- 
son, double  occupancy. 

China  Jfc 

September  30-October  18 
China,  land  of  treasure  and  tradition,  where  time 
stands  still.  Visit  Beijing,  Shanghai,  and  Hong 
Kong.  See  the  Great  Wall,  the  Forbidden  City, 
and  the  Temple  of  Heaven.  Cruise  the  Yangtze 


and  pay  tribute  to  the  world-renowned  Terra 
Cotta  Warriors.  Marvel  at  the  50,000  ancient 
Buddhist  stone  statues  recently  excavated  in 
remote  Dazu.  Conclude  your  journey  in  dazzling 
Hong  Kong,  the  world's  most  famous  shopping 
mecca.  From  approximately  $4,995  per  person, 
double  occupancy. 

The  Seas  of  Ulysses  and  Black  Sea 

October  10-23 

Cruise  aboard  the  spectacular  Crown  Odyssey 
to  the  Eastern  Mediterranean  and  the  Black  Sea. 
This  twelve-night  voyage  allows  you  to  marvel  at 
the  antiquities  of  Athens,  Venice,  Ephesus,  and 
Istanbul,  and  then  sail  on  beyond  to  the  Tsarist 
grandeurs  of  Odessa  and  Yalta — and  in  1993, 
Constanta  (Romania).  The  charming  Greek  isles 
of  Patras,  Santorini,  and  Mykonos  complete  your 
cruise.  With  our  special  discount,  prices  start  at 
just  $3,044  per  person,  double  occupancy, 
including  free  air  from  most  cities. 

Kenya 

November  9-21 

Safari  is  Swahili  for  journey.  Our  Grand  Kenya 
Safari  will  be  a  memorable  educational  and  cul- 
tural journey  with  the  addition  of  a  wildlife 
expert  to  accompany  us.  Vast  areas  of  Kenya 
have  been  set  aside  as  national  parks,  game 
reserves,  and  sanctuaries,  where  infinite  varieties 
of  African  fauna  and  flora  can  be  seen,  studied, 
and  photographed.  Enjoy  luxurious  game  lodges 
set  in  forest  and  mountain  parklands,  and  dra- 
matic vantage  points  in  open  savannah  country, 
all  home  to  a  countless  variety  of  game.  Nine 
nights  in  Kenya,  including  Nairobi  (Nairobi 
Safari  Club),  Amboseli  (Amboseli  Serena 
Lodge),  Aberdare  (Mountain  Lodge),  Nanyuki 
(Mount  Kenya  Safari  Club),  and  the  Masai 
Mara  (Mara  Sopa  Lodge).  A  farewell  dinner  is 
hosted  by  prominent  Nairobi  citizens  in  their 
home  high  atop  Lavington  Hill.  $6,295  per  per- 
son, double  occupancy  from  New  York. 


Riv 


t  Three  Gorges  aboard 


the  new  M.  V.  Yangtze  Paradise.  Stop  in  Xi'an 


For  More  Information 

Indicate  the  trips  of  interest  to  you  for  detailed  brochu 

□  Scandinavia  □  Kenya 


□  Seas  of  Ulysses 
Buck  Sea 


□  Passage  to  Suez 

□  China 

Fill  out  the  coupon  and  return  to: 

Barbara  DeLapp  Booth  '54, 

Duke  Travel,  614  Chapel  Drive,  Durham.  NC 

27706  919  684-51 14  or  800  FOR-DUKE 


uaNmu 

First  Name 

"'" 

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at, 

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Zip 

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Travel  advertising,  brochures,  and  mailings  to  alumni 
are  fully  subsidized  by  participating  travel  companies. 


July-August    1993 


MUSICAL  NUMISMATIST 


We've  all  seen 
them:  the 
(usually) 
older  men  and  women 
who  sweep  the  beach 
with  metal  detectors 
looking  for  buried  trea- 
sure. But  David  Sed- 
wick  '89,  a  professional 
coin  dealer  in  Florida 
specializing  in  Spanish 
colonial  currency,  says 
there  are  worse  hob- 
bies to  have. 

"We  got  a  call  from  a 
woman  who  had  found 
a  gold  coin  with  her 
metal  detector,"  says 
Sedwick,  who  runs  the 
numismatic  business 
with  his  father,  Frank 
Sedwick  '45.  "She  had 
an  idea  what  it  was 
worth,  and  we  asked 
her  how  much  she 
wanted.  She  told  us 
she'd  always  wanted  a 
recreational  vehicle.  So 
she  picked  out  the  RV 
she  wanted  and  we 
gave  her  the  money  for 
it  We  went  on  to  sell 
the  coin  and  still  made 
a  profit." 

As  it  turned  out,  the 
woman  had  happened 
upon  an  8  Escudo 
Royal,  which  can  be 
worth  from  $50,000  to 
$75,000.  In  colonial 
Spain,  says  Sedwick, 
most  coins  were  crude- 
ly manufactured.  But 
occasionally,  mints 
manufactured  special 
coins  called  Royals  to 
impress  the  king  with 
their  forging  skills.  An 


Coastal  currency:  this  gold  8  Escudo,  minted  in  Peru 
in  1712,  is  among  Sedwick' s  treasures  from  the  deep 


8  Escudo  Royal  is  the 
biggest  and  most  valu- 
able gold  coin  of  its 
type. 

Sedwick  says  he 
never  intended  to  fol- 
low in  his  father's  foot- 
steps. At  Duke,  he 
majored  in  physics  and 
Russian  language  and 
literature,  with  an  eye 
toward  working  in  a 
national  security 
agency.  During  the 
summer,  instead  of 
pursuing  internships  in 
that  field,  he  helped 
out  his  father  at  coin 
shows.  When  gradua- 
tion rolled  around  and 
he  hadn't  found  work, 
Sedwick  decided  to 


take  advantage  of  his 
currency  expertise. 

As  it  turns  out,  says 
Sedwick,  being  a  self- 
employed  entrepreneur 
has  its  advantages.  "1 
play  the  trumpet  semi- 
professionally  in  a 
brass  quintet,  Just  Say 
Brass,  so  the  job  allows 
me  to  set  my  own 
hours.  I  can  spend  the 
afternoons  teaching 
lessons  or  arranging 
music  if  I  want.  But 
the  coin  business  in- 
volves a  lot  of  traveling 
because,  even  though 
it's  a  small  field,  the 
experts  are  spread  out 
all  over  the  world.  So, 
when  I'm  traveling,  I 


don't  get  to  practice." 
As  a  merchant,  Sed- 
wick does  all  his  work 
above  water.  Diving 
and  salvaging  compa- 
nies explore  shipwreck 
remains  and  then  try  to 
sell  whatever  booty 
they  discover  to  deal- 
ers. Given  the  narrow 
scope  of  the  father-son 
specialty,  the  Sedwicks 
are  well  known  in  the 
coin-collecting  com- 
munity. So,  when  some- 
one uncovers  Spanish 
colonial  coins,  chances 
are  the  Sedwicks  will 
hear  about  it. 

And  even  though 
professional  and  ama- 
teur divers  have  been 
plumbing  the  depths  of 
shipwrecks  for  decades, 
Sedwick's  not  worried 
about  running  out  of 
money.  "When  you 
consider  that  shipping 
to  and  from  the  New 
World  began  in  the 
early  1500s  and  contin- 
ued through  the  1800s, 
you're  looking  at 
nearly  three  centuries 
of  shipping.  And  the 
kind  of  coins  we  deal 
were  the  popular  form 
of  commerce. 

"There  are  a  lot  of 
shipwrecks  out  there. 
You'd  be  surprised. 
Some  of  them  are  very 
close  to  the  shore,  and 
coins  will  wash  up  after 
a  hurricane  or  a 
nor*easter.  That's  what 
happened  to  the 

i  with  the  RV." 


Steven  DiLeo  '89  earned  an  M.D.  degree  from 
Baylor  College  of  Medicine  in  May. 

Eugene  Gardner  '89  works  for  David  L.  Babson 
Inc.  in  Cambridge,  Mass.  He  and  his  wife, 

Cambridge. 


Bernadette  Ann  Milner  '90, 


Mary  Theresa  Kaloupek  '89,  who  graduated 
from  the  University  of  Michigan's  law  school  in  1992, 
is  an  associate  with  the  Boston  law  firm  Day,  Berry  & 
Howard.  Her  article  "Drafting  Dispute  Resolution 
Clauses  for  Western  Investment  and  Joint  Ventures 
in  Eastern  Europe,"  published  in  the  Michigan  Journal 
of  International  Law,  received  the  award  for  the  best  stu- 
dent contribution  to  the  volume  in  which  it  appeared. 

Todd  M.  Kaplan  M.D.  '89,  who  completed  his 
residency  in  radiology  at  the  University  of  South 
Florida,  joined  Radiology  Associates  in  New  Port 
Richey,  Fla.  He  and  his  wife,  Elanna  "Loni" 
Piatt  Kaplan  '88,  live  in  Tampa. 

Lef  kowitz  '89  was  named  sales  repre- 
the  Federal  National  Mortgage  Associa- 
tion (Fannie  Mae)  and  will  be  attending  the  Univer- 
sity of  Chicago  Graduate  School  of  Business. 

Deborah  Hilowitz  Lowen  '89,  a  graduate  of 
Wake  Forest  University's  Bowman  Gray  School  of 


Medicine,  received  the  Pediatric  Merit  Award  at  the 
school's  awards  ceremony.  She  will  train  in  pediatrics 
at  the  University  of  Colorado  School  of  Medicine 
in  Denver. 

Catherine  M.  Lueker  '89,  a  Navy  lieutenant, 
returned  aboard  the  combat  store  ship  USS  Niagara 
Falls  from  a  four-and-a-half-month  deployment  to  the 
Persian  Gulf  and  Indian  Ocean. 

John  W.F.  Mann  '89,  a  graduate  of  Wake  Forest 
University's  Bowman  Gray  School  of  Medicine,  was 
awarded  a  house  officer  appointment  for  1993-94. 
He  will  train  in  surgery  at  N.C.  Baptist  Hospital  in 
Winston-Salem. 

Donald  L.  Meccia  M.B.A.  '89  was  named  direc- 
tor of  floor  services  marketing  for  the  Chicago  Stock 
Exchange,  Inc.,  the  second  largest  stock  exchange  in 
the  country  in  dollar  volume. 

Gary  T.  Paschal  B.S.E.  '89  is  deployed  aboard 
the  submarine  USS  Pogy,  whose  home  port  is  San 
Diego,  for  six  months  to  the  Western  Pacific  as  part  of 
the  aircraft  carrier  USS  Nimitz's  battle  group. 

Kenneth  M.  Perry  M.B.A.  '89,  a  Navy 
lieutenant  commander,  reported  for  duty  with  U.S. 
Naval  Forces  in  London. 


Robin  Wade  Plumel  '89  and  her  husband,  Jean- 
Frederic  Plumel,  purchased  a  cafe-concert  business, 
"Au  Petit  Musicien,"  which  they  operate  six  days  a 
week  in  the  Charente  region  of  France.  They  live 
with  their  son  in  the  rural  village  of  Paizay  Naupouin, 
France. 

Rick  Rosso  M.B.A.  '89  was  named  financial  plan- 
ning manager  of  the  Northeast  for  IBM  in  Manhat- 
tan. He  and  his  wife,  Beth  Davey  Rosso 

M.H.A.  '91,  live  in  Yardley,  Pa. 

Lisa  Marie  Ryan  A.H.C  '89,  M.S.  '89  works  at 
Thomas  Jefferson  University  Hospital  in  Philadelphia. 

Elizabeth  W.  Sandridge  89,  a  graduate  of 

Wake  Forest  University's  Bowman  Gray  School  of 
Medicine,  was  awarded  a  house  officer  appointment 
for  1993-94.  She  will  train  in  obstetrics  and  gynecol- 
ogy at  Duke's  Medical  Center. 

Mitzi  L.  Wasserstein  '89,  a  graduate  of  Wake 
Forest  University's  Bowman  Gray  School  of  Medicine, 
was  awarded  a  house  officer  appointment  for  1993-94. 
She  will  train  in  psychiatry  at  the  University  of  Utah 
Affiliated  Hospitals  in  Salt  Lake  City. 


L.  Zellman  '89,  M.D.  '93,  who  graduated 
with  Alpha  Omega  Alpha  honors  from  Duke's  School 
Df  Medicine  in  May,  is  a  resident  in  Duke's  internal 
medicine  department. 


MARRIAGES:  Thomas  Gibson  '80  to  Arva 
Suzanne  Graham  on  April  17.  Residence:  Washing- 
ton, D.C.... Kerry  E.  Hannon  '82  to  Clifford 
Hackel  on  July  4,  1992.  Residence:  Washington, 
DC. ..Charles  Steven  Johnston '82  to 
Mary  Louise  Affronti  M.S.N.  '86  on  May  8. 
Residence:  Durham... Molly  Marta  Lyren  B.S.N. 
'82  to  Robert  William  Kent  Wadhams  on  Jan.  9.  Resi- 
dence: Brisbane,  Australia... Marc  H.  Berman  '83 
to  Barbara  Jamison  on  July  4. .  Susan  Jean 
Fleming  B.S.N.  '84  to  Henry  Evans  Kistler 
III  '86  on  May  1.  Residence:  Durham... Alan  Fryar 
'84  to  Carol  Ruthven  on  June  23,  1990.  Residence: 
Austin,  Texas. .  .John  M.  Payan  '84  to  Jana  Beth 
Stein  on  May  1 .  Residence:  Houston . . .  Marlene 
Bloom  '85  to  Randy  Rubin  on  May  4.  Residence: 
Alexandria,  \  a      Donna  Ho  '85  to  David  Plewa 
on  Feb.  10,  1990.  Residence:  Sunnyvale,  Calif.... 
Mary  Louise  Affronti  M.S.N.  '86  to  Charles 
Steven  Johnston  '82  on  May  8.  Residence: 
Durham... Linda  Kay  Hammer  '86  to  Richard 
Tracey  Constand  on  May  15.  Residence:  Annapolis, 
Md...  Henry  Evans  Kistler  III  '86  to  Susan 
Jean  Fleming  B.S.N.  '84  on  May  1.  Residence: 
Durham...  Ellen  Von  der  Heyden  '87  to  James 
Gillespie  in  October.  Residence:  Alexandria,  Va.... 
Barbara  Thompson  B.S.E.  '87  to  John  Isaf  on 
Oct.  3.  Residence:  Alexandria,  Va.. .  David  J.G. 
Williamson  '87  to  Linda  M.  Graves  in  May  1992. 
Residence:  Oklahoma  City...Lyda  Creus  '88  to 
Paul  F.  Molanphy  on  April  1 7.  Residence:  Austin, 
Texas...  Margaret  Eleanor  Ivey  '88  to  Thomas 
Mason  Heath  on  April  17.  Residence:  Asheville, 
N.C      Randy e  Resnick  '88  to  Michael  Dana 
Bemot  on  Nov.  7.  Residence:  New  York  City. . . 
Helson  C.  Bellido  '89  to  Courtney  Anne 
Callahan  on  June  12.  Residence:  Miami...  Eugene 
Gardner  '89  to  Bernadette  Ann  Milner  '90 
on  May  15.  Residence:  Cambridge,  Mass.... Larry 
Wade  Kelly  '89  to  Margaret  G.  Clinkscales  on 
May  22.  Residence:  Durham. 


BIRTHS:  Third  child  and  daughter  to  Malcolm  L. 
Butler  '80  on  March  16,  1993.  Named  Eleanor 
Bess... Daughter  to  Carolyn  Kee  Gamble  '80 
and  J.  Carr  Gamble  on  April  2.  Named  Catherine 
Crawford... Son  to  Sarah  Alexander  Huey  '80 
and  S.  Marshall  Huey  '80  on  March  8.  Named 
Gordon  Alexander. .  .Daughter  to  Carolyn 
McTier  Makens  '80  and  Paul  K.  Makens  on  Sept. 
15.  Named  Katherine  Gertrude  "Trudie". .  .Son  to 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


Sarah  Foerster  Hupy  '81  and  Thomas  C.  Hupy 
on  March  9.  Named  Thomas  William. .  .Third  child 
and  first  son  to  Eric  Steinhouse  '80  and 
Michele  Kessler  Steinhouse  '81  on  July  25, 

1992.  Named  Scott. .  .Third  child  and  first  son  to 

Jack  C.  Fields  '81  and  Anne  Kearns  Fields 

B.S.N.  '82.  Named  Jack  Clifton  III. ..First  child  and 
son  to  Suzanne  Constantin  Stone  '81  and 
Jonathan  James  Stone  on  April  22.  Named  Jonathan 
James  Jr....  Daughter  to  Tom  Callaway  '82  and 
Susan  Nance  Callaway  '84  on  Dec.  21.  Named 
Hadley  Patton  Callaway... First  child  and  daughter  to 
Donna  Lynch  Fischer  '82  and  Paul  E. 
Fischer '82  on  Nov.  13.  Named  Katherine  Alison... 
First  child  and  daughter  to  Ciel  Albrecht  Mur- 
phy '82  and  Tom  Murphy  on  July  11,  1992.  Named 
Katharine... First  child  and  son  to  Marcy  Doyle 
Sparks  '82  and  George  Sparks  on  Nov.  30.  Named 

Tyler  Joseph. ..Daughter  to  Susan  Nance  Call- 
away '84  and  Thomas  Callaway  '82  on  Dec. 
30.  Named  Hadley  Patton. .  .Second  child  and  second 
son  to  Mary  Jane  Wamsely  Johnson  '83  and 
Ronald  A.  Johnson  on  May  23.  Named  Robert 
Alexander. .  .Second  child  and  second  son  to 
Dorothy  Mestier  Short  '83  to  Mark  Alan 
Short  '83  on  May  16.  Named  Michael  Alan. ..First 
child  and  son  to  Susan  Gordon  Cinkala  '84 
and  Dean  Michael  Cinkala  on  March  18.  Named 
Justin  Dean. .  .Son  to  Alan  Fryar  '84  and  Carol 
Ruthven  Fryar  on  Dec.  30,  1991.  Named  Michael 
Edwin... Second  son  to  Denise  Spellman  Get- 
son  '84  and  Howard  Michael  Getson  '84  on 

Jan.  27.  Named  Zachary  Albert... Second  child  and 

first  daughter  to  Amy  Austin  Petersen 

B.S.M.E.  '84  and  Craig  Petersen  on  May  1 ,  1992. 
Named  Audrey  Louise... Daughter  to  Elizabeth 
Temple  Schoenfeld  '84  and  Michael  J. 
Schoenfeld  '84  on  Sept.  6.  Named  Abigail 
Bass. ..First  child  and  son  to  David  C.  Baker  '85 
and  Irene  Levy  Baker  on  April  12.  Named  Adam 
Benjamin... Third  and  fourth  children,  twin  sons,  to 
Lynn  VanBremen  Gilbert  BSE.  '85  and 
John  Spalding  Gilbert  '85.  Named  Todd 
Spalding  and  Parker  Colburn. .  .First  child  and  son  to 
Donna  Ho  '85  and  David  Plewa  on  Jan  30,  1992. 
Named  Luke  Joseph. .  .First  child  and  son  to  Allison 
Day  Lanni  '85  and  Jay  Lanni  on  April  10.  Named 
William  Stinson... First  child  and  daughter  to  Grant 
R.  Simons  '85,  M.D.  '90  and  Sunisa  Simons.  Named 
Emily  Chalida. . .  Daughter  to  Kim  Marshall 
Glynn  '86  and  Sean  Glynn  on  March  3 1 .  Named 
Meagan  Mary. .  .First  child  and  daughter  to  Elisa 
Davidson  Szweda  '86  and  Eric  A.  Szweda 
on  March  23.  Named  Sarah  Elizabeth... Second  child 
and  first  son  to  Bradley  S.  Novak  B.S.E.  '87  and 
Kathy  Novak  on  May  22.  Named  Megan  Elizabeth. 


90s 


Anthony  Allen  '90  graduated  in  May  from  South- 
eastern Baptist  Theological  Seminary  in  Wake  Forest, 
N.C.,  and  is  the  school's  admissions  director. 

Jeffrey  M.  Beldner  '90  is  a  writer  for  the  ABC 
daytime  drama  All  My  Children  in  New  York  City. 

Rebecca  Kuprowicz  Bloom  MBA.  '90  is 
senior  medical  representative  at  Burroughs  Wellcome 
Co.  She  and  her  husband,  Mark,  live  in  Getzville, 
Ohio. 

Bernadette  Milner  Gardner  '90  graduated 
from  Emory  University's  law  school  in  Atlanta.  She 
and  her  husband,  Eugene  Gardner  '89,  live  in 
Cambridge,  Mass. 

Kyle  A.  Glerum  '90,  a  Marine  first  lieutenant, 

completed  jet  training  aboard  the  USS  America  in 
January  with  six  carrier  landings  and  catapult  shots. 


He  received  his  wings  the  next  month,  and  has  been 
assigned  to  F/A-18  Hornets  in  El  Toro,  Calif. 

Todd  Koerner  M.B.A.  '90  joined  The  Kaplan- 
Stahler  Agency  as  a  television  litetary  agent  in 
Beverly  Hills. 

Christopher  Maley  M.H.A.  '90  works  forCrozer- 
Keystone  Health  Systems  in  Chester,  Pa.  He  and  his 
wife,  Maureen  Gimpel  Maley  J.D.  '91,  LL.M. 
'91,liveinWallingford,  Pa. 

Wendy  McConnel  '90  is  working  at  the  U.S. 
Embassy  in  Nairobi,  Kenya,  as  an  economics  officer 
with  the  Foreign  Service.  She  and  her  husband,  Eric, 
live  in  Nairobi. 


Patricia  Ryan  O'Meara  J.D  '90  is  an : 

with  the  Dallas  law  firm  O'Neill,  Snell,  Banowsky  & 
McClure. 

Marta  Pilar  Sanderson  '90  is  a  research  assis- 
tant in  biological  oceanography  at  the  Monterey  Bay 
Aquarium  Research  Institute.  This  fall,  she  will  begin 
work  on  a  master's  degree  at  the  University  of  Califor- 
nia-Santa Cruz,  studying  the  role  trace  elements  play 
in  oceanic  biological  processes. 

Robin  R.  Vann  '90,  a  medical  student  at  Wake 
Forest  University's  Bowman  Gray  School  of  Medicine, 
was  elected  to  Alpha  Omega  Alpha,  the  i 
medical  honot  society. 


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Alumni  House  •  614  Chapel  Drive  •  Durham.  \C  27708 


July-August    1993 


Lora  Berson  '91  is  a  senior  coordinator  of  market- 
ing and  promotion  at  Discovery  Communications 
Inc.  in  New  York. 

Daria  L.  Dittmer  '91  earned  her  master's  in  urban 
and  regional  planning  at  Virginia  Tech.  She  lives  in 
Blacksburg,  Va. 

Leigh  Ertel  Glerum  '91  completed  her  first  year 
of  veterinary  school  at  the  University  of  Georgia. 


Gimpel  Maley  J.D.  '91,  LL.M.  '91 
works  for  the  Philadelphia  law  firm  Dechert,  Price, 
and  Rhodes.  She  and  her  husband,  Christopher 

M.H.A.  '90,  live  in  Wallingford,  Pa. 


Marty  Padgett  '91,  associate  editor  of  Car  and 
Driver  Magazine,  drove  with  the  magazine  staff  to 
Zacatecas,  Mexico,  in  March  and  reports  that  Mexi- 
can cows  don't  obey  right-of-way  signs.  His  latest 
assignment  required  traveling  to  Italy  to  drive  a 
Porsche  911  Speedster.  He  lives  in  Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 

Amy  Bradley  Reydel  '91  works  for  Major  League 
Baseball  Properties  in  retail  marketing,  including 
trade  shows,  merchandising,  and  ticket  allocation. 

Beth  Davey  Rosso  M.H.A.  '91  is  manager  of 
anesthesiology  and  administrative  services  for  Fitzger- 
ald Mercy  Hospital  in  Darby,  Pa.  She  and  her  hus- 
band, Rick  ROSSO  M.B.A.  '89,  live  in  Yardley,  Pa. 

Elaine  Rhea  Sanders  '91  is  assistant  events 
manager  for  UCLA's  athletics  department.  She  lives 
in  Hermosa  Beach,  Calif. 

Tobias  L.  Winright  M.Div.  '91  begins  course- 
work  on  his  Ph.D.  in  moral  theology  and  Christian 
ethics  this  fall  at  the  University  of  Notre  Dame. 

Stanford  M.  Brown  '92,  who  is  pursuing  his 
master's  degree  in  history  at  the  University  of  Geor- 
gia, won  the  1993  essay  contest  sponsored  by  the 
Georgia  Association  of  Historians  and  the  National 
Archives-Southeast  Branch.  His  paper,  "To  Integrate, 
Set  Girls,  Boys  Apart?:  The  Desegregation  of  the 
Taylor  County,  Georgia,  Schools,"  will  be  published 
in  the  Proceedings  and  Papers  of  the  Georgia  Associa- 
tion of  His 


Jonathan  E.  Heigel  '92,  a  Navy  ensign,  com- 
pleted the  Basic  Surface  Warfare  Officer's  Course  at 
Surface  Warfare  Officer  School  in  San  Diego. 


F.  Randolph  Lynn  J.D.  '92  is  an  associate  at 
the  Tulsa,  Okla.,  law  firm  Sneed,  Lang,  Adams  6k 
Barnett,  where  he  will  concentrate  on  general 
litigation. 

Trey  Pruitt  '92  was  promoted  to  senior  consultant 
at  Kaiser  Associates,  a  management  consulting  firm, 
and  is  liaison  for  its  European  operation.  He  lives  in 
the  Washington,  D.C.,  area. 

Scott  E.  Williams  B.S.E.E.  '92  is  a  volunteer 
math  and  science  teacher  at  Khanyisa  College,  a  sec- 
ondary school  in  Giyani,  South  Africa. 

MARRIAGES:  Andrea  M.  Fraser  '90  to  Todd 

F.  Griffith  '91  on  May  29.  Residence:  Chapel  Hill... 
Wendy  McConnel  '90  to  Eric  J.  Petersen  on  May 
22.  Residence:  Nairobi,  Kenya...  Jennifer  McMil- 
lan '90  to  Marc  W.  Jasper  on  March  13.  Residence: 
Apple  Valley,  Calif. ...  Lynn  Kellmanson  '91  to 
Rich  Matheny  '91  on  April  17.  Residence:  Irvine, 
Ga.... Rebecca  Kuprowicz  M.B.A.  '90  to  Mark 
Bloom  on  May  8.  Residence:  Getzville,  Ohio. . .  Sara- 
lyn  J.  Donnell  '92  to  David  L.  Tett  '91  on 
June  21,  1992.  Residence:  Houston,  Texas. 


BIRTHS:  First  child  and  son  to  V, 
Rheiner  '90  and  Michael  Warren  Rh 
22.  Named  Kirby  Warren. 


Kirby 

on  Dec. 


DEATHS 


James  G.  Leyburn  '20,  A.M.  '21,  LL.D.  '62  of 
Williamsport,  Md.,  on  April  28.  After  teaching  at 
Yale  for  20  years,  he  joined  Washington  and  Lee  as 
dean  of  the  university  in  1947.  He  resigned  from  the 
post  in  1955  to  concentrate  on  teaching,  and  headed 
the  department  of  sociology  and  anthropology  until 
1967.  Before  retiring  as  dean  and  professor  emeritus  in 
1972,  he  strongly  influenced  the  curriculum  with  the 
"Leyburn  Plan,"  designed  to  make  W  &  L  the  "great- 
est teaching  university  in  the  country."  He  wrote  six 
books,  including  The  Haitian  People,  which  won  the 
Anisfield-Wolf  Award  in  1941  as  the  best  published 
work  on  racial  relations.  He  was  also  a  concert  pianist 
and  was  an  elder  in  the  Presbyterian  Church.  He  is 
survived  by  numerous  cousins,  nieces,  and  nephews. 

Ruth  Christian  Upchurch  '20  of  Durham  on 
May  19.  A  member  of  Temple  Baptist  Church  and 
the  Ann  Judson  Sunday  School  class,  she  taught  at  a 
private  school  for  1 8  years  before  retiring.  She  is  sur- 
vived by  a  son,  Thomas  Christian  Upchurch 
'49,  four  grandchildren,  and  three  great-grandchildren. 

Hendrix  R.  Geddie  '21  of  Durham  on  May  8.  A 
member  of  the  N.C.  Society  of  Engineers,  he  was  rec- 
ognized by  the  N.C.  State  Highway  Commission  for  35 
years  of  distinguished  service  upon  retiring  in  1965. 

Carroll  Erwin  Summers  '23  of  Orangeburg, 
S.C.,onAug.21,1992. 

Edwin  Harris  Morris  Jr.  '27  of  Raleigh,  N.C, 
on  March  1 7,  after  a  lengthy  illness.  He  was  past  pres- 
ident of  the  Asheboro  Kiwanis  Club  and  a  member  of 
Edenton  Street  United  Methodist  Church  in  Raleigh 
for  55  years.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Myrtle,  two 
daughters,  seven  grandchildren,  and  six  great-gtand- 
children. 

Clara  Odessa  Massey  Brady  '28  of  Raleigh, 

N.C,  on  Oct.  4.  She  was  an  elementary  school 
teacher  for  36  years  and  taught  for  the  last  28  years  in 
the  Wake  County  school  system.  She  was  a  member 
of  her  church  choir  and  taught  Sunday  School. 

Joseph  Marvin  Chappell  '28  of  Charlotte, 
N.C,  on  Jan.  14,  of  heart  failure. 

Cary  C.  Cole  '28  of  Durham  on  April  3.  A  World 
War  II  veteran  of  the  Army  Air  Corps,  he  was  branch 
manager  of  Fidelity  Bank  until  its  merger  with 
Wachovia  Bank,  where  he  was  assistant  vice  presi- 
dent of  the  trust  department  until  he  retired  in  1971. 
He  was  a  lifetime  member  of  the  Durham  Chamber  of 
Commerce,  a  member  of  the  Iron  Dukes,  treasurer  of 
the  Kempner  Foundation,  and  former  manager  of 
Holloway  Street  Farmers  Market.  He  is  survived  by 
his  wife,  Clara  Nycum  Cole  '35,  three  daughters, 
a  son,  a  brother,  two  sisters,  and  six  grandchildren. 

Sara  Stewart  Gabel  A.M.  '29  of  Tarboro,  N.C, 

on  April  28,  following  a  period  of  declining  health.  A 
graduate  of  Randolph-Macon  Woman's  College,  she 
was  a  member  of  the  First  United  Methodist  Church 
of  Washington  and  a  former  member  of  the  choir,  the 
administration  board,  and  the  nominating  committee 
of  the  church.  She  is  survived  by  a  son,  a  brother, 
Robert  P.  Stewart  '37,  two  grandchildren,  and 
two  great-grandchildren. 

Earl  H.  Lutz  '29  of  Shelby,  N.C,  on  Feb.  19.  He  is 
survived  by  his  wife,  Rebecca. 

C.E.  Saint-Amand  LL.B.  '31  of  Gaffney,  S.C.,  on 
Dec.  24-  He  was  senior  partner  of  the  law  firm  Saint- 
Amand,  Thompson,  and  Brown.  He  is  survived  by  his 
wife,  Alice;  son,  Nathan  E.  Saint-Amand  '60; 
daughter,  Emilia  Saint-Amand  Seed  '65;  a 
brother;  a  sister;  and  four  grandchildren. 

Emmett  R.  DeMoss  '32  of  San  Rafael,  Calif.,  on 
Sept.  4. 


Louise  Sellers  Gillespie  '33  of  Durham  on 
April  5.  While  at  Duke  she  was  president  of  Kappa 
Kappa  Gamma  sorority.  She  worked  at  Greensboro 
National  Bank,  was  a  member  of  the  Duke  National 
Council,  and  was  an  honorary  member  of  the  Greens- 
boro PTA  Council.  She  is  survived  by  her  husband, 
John,  a  son,  three  sisters,  a  brother,  three  grandchil- 
dren, and  a  great-grandchild. 

W.  Henry  Hoover  '33  of  North  Canton,  Ohio,  on 
March  15.  A  World  War  II  Navy  veteran,  he  was 
former  vice  president  and  director  of  the  Hoover  Co. 
and  former  director  of  the  Hoover  Foundation.  He  is 
survived  by  his  wife,  Marie,  a  brother,  and  several 
nieces  and  nephews. 

Caleb  W.  Bucher  '34  of  Lancaster,  Pa.,  on  Dec. 
8,  1992,  of  respiratory  failure. 

Homer  Hilton  Jr.  '34  of  Marquette,  Mich. 

ROSS  A.  Tunnell  '34  of  Seattle,  Wash.,  in 
November  1992,  in  an  automobile  accident.  He  was  a 
real  estate  broker. 


Rollo  Bergeson  J.D.  '35  of  Des  Moines,  Iowa,  on 
April  6,  of  cancer.  A  World  War  II  Navy  veteran,  he 
was  elected  Iowa  secretary  of  state  in  the  late  1940s 
and  made  an  unsuccessful  bid  for  the  U.S.  Senate 
during  that  time.  He  was  later  owner  and  general 
manager  of  KCBC  radio  station  in  Des  Moines  and 
president  of  West  Des  Moines  State  Bank.  He  pur- 
chased and  donated  a  tract  of  land  that  is  part  of  Liv- 
ing History  Farms,  a  Des  Moines  historic  site.  He  is 
survived  by  a  son,  a  daughter,  a  brother,  and  a  sister. 


N.  Joe  Rahall  '35  of  Beckley,  WVa.,  on  April  1, 
after  a  long  illness.  After  starting  three  radio  stations 
with  his  brothers  in  1947,  he  directed  several  radio 
and  television  stations  and  helped  found  the  Charleston 
station  WCHS-TV  in  1962.  He  organized  Beckley's 
first  bus  lines  and  its  second  daily  newspaper.  He  was 
well  known  for  his  associations  with  Presidents  Tru- 
man, Kennedy,  and  Johnson.  A  charter  member  of 
the  American  Lebanese  Syrian  Associated  Charities, 
he  was  active  in  groups  ranging  from  the  Raleigh 
County  Mental  Health  Association  to  the  advisory 
council  of  the  Small  Business  Administration.  He  also 
served  as  chair  of  the  deacon's  board  at  the  Beckley 
Presbyterian  Church  for  two  years.  He  is  survived  by 
his  wife,  Alice,  two  sons,  Nick  J.  Rahall  II  '71 
and  Edward  George  Rahall  '78,  two  daughters, 
two  brothers,  a  sister,  and  eight  grandchildren. 

Albert  Lee  Burford  '36  of  Pasadena,  Calif.,  on 
March  7.  During  World  War  II,  he  was  an  Army  cap- 
tain in  the  Judge  Advocate  General's  office.  After 
graduating  from  Stanford  Law  School,  he  practiced 
law  in  Los  Angeles  and  Pasadena.  He  was  a  member 
of  the  American  Bar  Association  and  served  on  the 
boards  of  the  Braille  Institute  of  Los  Angeles  and  the 
Pasadena  Chamber  of  Commerce. 

Virginia  Nickerson  Reid  A.M.  '36  of  Flagstaff, 
Ariz.,  on  Feb.  28,  1992. 

Elizabeth  "Betty"  Flowers  Smith  '36  of 

Valhalla,  N.Y.,  in  August  1992. 

Arthur  Brooks  Jr.  J.D.  '37  of  West  Covina,  Calif., 
on  March  25,  following  a  stroke  and  kidney  failure.  A 
graduate  of  Coe  College,  he  served  two  terms  in  the 
Colorado  House  and  one  in  the  Colorado  Senate  in 
the  1940s.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Charlotte. 

Frances  Thompson  Wesselhoft  '37  of 

Greensboro,  N.C,  on  March  3.  She  is  survived  by  her 
husband,  Carl  R.  Wesselhoft  '36. 


S.  Davis  Ph.D.  '38  of  Edgemoor,  S.C., 
on  April  18.  He  taught  fot  several  years  at  Hunting- 
don College  and  Auburn  University,  where  he  earned 
his  B.S.  and  M.S.  degrees,  and  was  named  dean  of  the 
College  of  Arts  and  Sciences  at  Florida  State  Univer- 
sity in  1952.  From  1959  to  1973,  he  was  president  of 
Winthrop  University,  during  which  time  he  oversaw 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


the  school's  racial  integration  and  worked  successfully 
to  change  the  historically  all-women's  college  to  a 
fully  coeducational  one.  Past  president  of  the  Auburn 
Kiwanis  Club  and  the  Rock  Hill,  S.C.,  Chambet  of 
Commerce,  he  was  also  a  member  of  the  Southern 
Historical  Association  and  published  several  books 
and  essays  relating  to  Southern  history.  He  is  survived 
by  his  wife,  Jo,  and  three  daughters. 

James  A.  Smalling  M.Div.  '38  of  Clearwater, 
Fla.,  on  March  16.  He  served  40  years  as  a  minister 
in  the  Holston  (Va.)  Annual  Conference  of  the 
United  Methodist  Church.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Blanche,  three  sons,  including  William  A. 
Smalling  M.Div.  '69,  and  six  grandchildren. 

Thomas  Howard  Timberlake  '38  of  Columbia, 
S.C,  on  Feb.  22.  He  was  board  chair  of  the  South 
Carolina  division  of  Thomas  &  Howard  Wholesale 
Grocery  Co.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Margaret, 
three  daughters,  eight  grandchildren,  four  sisters,  and 
a  brother,  Lloyd  F.  Timberlake  '38,  M.D.  '41. 

Frances  Goddard  '40  of  South  Nyack,  N.Y.,  on 
April  22.  She  is  survived  by  a  sister,  Doris  L.  God- 
dard 42 


J.D.  '40  of  Liberty,  lnd.,on 
April  18,  aftet  a  long  illness.  A  graduate  of  Wabash 
College,  whete  he  was  national  collegiate  debate 
champion,  he  was  a  World  War  II  Navy  veteran  who 
served  in  the  Southwest  Pacific  Theater.  He  practiced 
law  with  the  James  S.  Shepherd  Law  Firm  and  from 
1975-1978  was  first  judge  of  the  89th  Judicial  Circuit 
Court  in  Liberty.  He  was  a  delegate  to  the  national 
Republican  convention  in  1968,  past  president  of  the 
Farmers  State  Bank  in  College  Corner,  and  a  member 
of  the  International  Winston  Churchill  Society.  He  is 
survived  by  four  daughters  and  four  grandchildren. 


Wyatt  D.  Boddie  B.D.  '41  of  Shreveport,  La.,  on 
March  1 1 ,  after  a  long  illness.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Louisiana  Annual  Conference  of  the  United 
Methodist  Church  for  51  years.  At  the  time  of  his 
death,  he  was  serving  his  ninth  year  as  associate  min- 
istet  of  the  First  United  Methodist  Church  in  Shreve- 
port, La.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Margaret 
Smith  Boddie  '35,  two  daughters,  and  a  son. 

Robert  Hunter  '41  of  Spokane,  Wash.,  on  Sept. 
29.  After  graduating  from  Columbia  University  Col- 
lege of  Physicians  and  Surgeons  in  New  York  in  1943, 
he  served  three  years  as  a  battalion  surgeon  in  the 
Army  Medical  Corps.  Following  a  residency  in  obstet- 
rics and  gynecology  at  Hartford  Hospital,  he  practiced 
obstetrics,  gynecology,  and  gynecological  surgery  in 
Spokane  for  nearly  40  years.  A  former  diplomate  for 
the  American  Board  of  Obstetrics  and  Gynecology 
and  a  member  of  several  local  and  state  medical  asso- 
ciations, he  was  founder,  charter  member,  and  presi- 
dent of  the  executive  board  of  People  to  People  Inter- 
national. He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Sharon,  three 
sons,  four  daughters,  a  sister,  and  seven  grandchildren. 

Glenn  A.  Slusser  M.Ed.  '41  of  Avon  Lake,  Ohio, 
on  April  6. 

Lee  Hill  Snowdon  '41  of  Lake  Worth,  Fla.,  on 
March  15,  of  a  heart  attack.  She  was  an  honorary 
lifetime  member  of  the  board  of  directors  of  the  Palm 
Beach  County  chapter  of  the  American  Red  Cross 
and  an  important  contributer  to  the  S.C.  Mental 
Health  Foundation.  She  is  survived  by  her  husband, 
Edward,  two  sons,  a  daughter,  and  five  grandchildren. 

Sarah  Parker  Thomas  '41  of  Raleigh,  N.C.,  on 

April  14.  She  was  a  member  of  Edenton  St.  United 
Methodist  Church,  where  she  taught  nursery  Sunday 
school  class  for  39  years.  She  is  survived  by  her  hus- 


band, Frank,  a  son,  a  daughter,  a  brother,  a  sister,  and 
a  granddaughter. 

Virginia  Boney  Mathis  A.M.  '42  of  Charlotte, 
N.C.,  on  March  16,  of  pneumonia.  A  retired  English 
literature  teacher  specializing  in  American  litetature, 
she  taught  at  several  colleges,  including  Hardins- 
Simmons  University  in  Abilene,  Texas,  Hope  Col- 
lege in  Holland,  Mich.,  and  Central  Piedmont  Com- 
munity College  in  Charlotte.  She  is  survived  by  a  son, 
a  daughter,  and  two  grandchildren. 

Sara  Waters  Schenkmeyer  '42  of  Johnstown, 
Pa.,  on  April  11,  after  a  long  illness. 

Helen  Margaret  Garmon  '43  of  Graham,  N.C., 
on  Oct.  23,  1992. 

John  Richard  Jenkins  '43  of  Windsor,  Calif., 
on  Dec.  25,  of  acute  leukemia.  A  Wotld  War  II  Army 
and  Navy  veteran,  he  earned  his  M.D.  at  Thomas 
Jefferson  University  Medical  School  in  Philadelphia. 
He  was  a  member  of  the  American  Society  of  Anes- 
thesiologists and  a  fellow  of  the  American  College  of 
Anesthesiologists.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Barbara, 
two  sons,  two  daughters,  and  1 1  grandchildren. 

John  C.  Jennison  '43  of  Coral  Gables,  Fla.,  on 
Aug.  1,  1990,  of  cancer.  An  Air  Force  bomber  pilot 
who  flew  numerous  combat  missions  during  World 
War  II  and  the  Korean  War,  he  earned  the  Legion  of 
Merit  and  the  Distinguished  Flying  Cross.  He  was 
chief  of  the  Strategic  Air  Division  Requirements 
Directorate  at  USAF  headquarters  in  the  Pentagon 
from  1956-1960.  In  1968  he  joined  Reynolds  Securi- 
ties, and  he  later  became  an  executive  at  EF  Hutton, 
where  he  was  a  member  of  the  company's  Directors 
Advisory  Council.  He  retired  in  1988.  He  is  survived 
by  his  wife,  Clarinda  Jackson  Jennison  '39, 


PARTNERS 

I  N 
PROGRESS 


Transitions  shape  today's  economic  arena.  Leaders  must 

recognize  and  anticipate  new  trends  in  technologies  and 

global  markets  as  well  as  day-to-day  operating  systems.  The 

Executive  Education  Programs  at  Duke's  Fuqua  School  of 

Business  can  help  executives  chart  a  steady  course  in  today's 

rapidly  changing  business  world.  In  our  interactive 

environment,  participants  network  with  peers  from  across  the 

country  and  around  the  world  and  with  faculty  versed  in 

practical  knowledge  as  well  as  research.  Here,  share 

challenges,  perspectives,  and  solutions.  Here,  prepare  to 

mold  the  future.  The  Fuqua  School  of  Business  shapes 

tomorrow's  leaders  today. 


DUKE 


THE  FUQUA 

SCHOOL 

OF  BUSINESS 


THE  FUQUA  SCHOOL  OF  BUSINESS 

DUKE       UNIVERSITY 
R.    DAVID   THOMAS   CENTER 


DURHAM.NC    277C 


July-August    I  993 


three  sons,  including  George  K.  Jennison  '80,  a 
brother,  and  seven  grandchildren. 

Cedric  J.  Loftis  '44  of  Winston-Salem,  N.C.,  on 
March  14.  A  star  on  the  Durham  High  School  basket- 
ball team  during  its  72  consecutive-game  winning 
streak,  he  won  honorable  mention  All  America  hon- 
ors in  1942  when  Duke  won  the  Southern  Confer- 
ence basketball  championship.  He  also  lettered  in 
soccer  and  track.  After  serving  with  the  Army  in  the 
European  Theater  during  World  War  II,  he  worked 
for  Hanes  Hosiery.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Blanche,  a  daughter,  a  son,  two  sisters,  five  brothers, 
four  grandchildren,  and  three  step-grandchildren. 

Joseph  Adams  Howell  '45  of  Singer  Island, 
Fla.,  and  Richmond,  Va.,  on  Feb.  5,  of  cancer.  A 
World  War  II  Marine  Corps  veteran,  he  began  prac- 
ticing law  in  195 1  after  graduating  from  the  Univer- 
sity of  Virginia  School  of  Law.  He  joined  Robertshaw 
as  chief  legal  officer  in  1958,  remaining  there  until  he 
retired  in  1986.  He  was  past  president  of  the  Rich- 
mond Bar  Association,  a  former  member  of  the  execu- 
tive committee  of  the  Virginia  Bar  Association,  and 
one  of  the  founders  of  the  American  Bar  Associa- 
tion's Committee  on  Corporate  Law  Departments.  He 
is  survived  by  his  wife,  Joan,  three  sons,  a  stepson,  a 
stepdaughter,  and  four  grandchildren. 

Mary  Byrd  Penland  R.N.  '45,  B.S.N.  '45  of 
Newport  News,  Va.,  on  June  1,  1991,  of  lung  cancer. 
She  earned  an  associate  degree  from  Brevard  College 
in  1943  and  was  an  instructor  of  nursing  and  assistant 
administrator  of  nursing  with  Riverside  Regional 
Medical  Center  before  retiring  in  1977  after  1 5  years. 
She  is  survived  by  her  husband,  Jim,  a  daughter,  a  son, 
and  a  granddaughter. 

James  H.  Marx  '46  of  Alexandria,  Va.,  on  March 
6,  after  a  long  illness.  A  World  War  II  Navy  veteran, 
he  earned  an  M.B.A.  at  Harvard  and  was  a  Rhodes 
Scholar  semifinalist.  After  retiring  in  1 964  from  the 
Navy,  where  he  was  president  of  the  Navy  Federal 
Credit  Union,  he  helped  establish  United  Commu- 
nity National  Bank,  the  first  minority-owned  bank  in 
Washington,  D.C.  He  then  worked  more  than  20 
years  for  the  Department  of  Commerce,  developing 
national  policy  on  the  creation  of  minority-owned 
savings  banks.  A  respected  community  leader,  he  was 
president  of  the  Brookville-Seminary  Valley  Civic 
Association  for  10  years.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Eddie  Beatrice,  two  sons,  two  daughters,  his  mother, 
and  two  grandsons. 

Mary  J.  Barzilay  '47  of  Baldwin,  N.Y.,  on 
May  14. 

Clarence  O.  McBryde  B.S.C.E.  '48  of  Merritt 
Island,  Fla.,  on  May  11,  1991,  of  a  heart  attack.  A 
vetetan  of  World  War  II  and  the  Korean  War,  he 
retired  from  the  Marine  Corps  Reserve  as  a  lieutenant 
colonel.  He  worked  as  a  civil  engineer  with  NASA  at 
Goddard  Space  Flight  Center  in  Greenbelt,  Md., 
until  1980.  He  was  a  bailiff  with  the  Brevard  County 
Sheriffs  Office.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Jane,  their 
children,  a  brother,  and  grandchildren. 

Ann  Ransom  Russell  '48  of  Atlanta,  Ga.,  on  June 
6, 1992,  of  cancer.  She  is  survived  by  her  husband,  Ed. 

Joseph  Stephens  Johnson  B.D.  '49  of  High 
Point,  N.C.,  on  March  22,  after  a  period  of  declining 
health.  He  was  a  minister  with  the  Western  North 
Carolina  Conference  of  the  United  Methodist 
Church  for  42  years  before  retiring  in  1984.  He  was  a 
member  of  the  Big  Brothers  Bible  Class,  and  a  former 
member  of  the  Jamestown  Lions  Club.  He  is  survived 
by  his  wife,  Mary  Louise,  a  daughter,  two  sons,  nine 
grandchildren,  and  three  great-grandchildren. 

Nina  Sue  Moser  Jones  '49  of  Wilmington, 
Del.,  on  Nov.  23,  of  cancer. 

Robert  Witcher  Melton  '49  of  Brevard,  N.C., 
on  Nov.  3.  President  of  Melton  Commercial  Realty  at 


the  time  of  his  death,  he  was  the  founder  and  former 
owner  of  Coldwell  Banker  Melton  Co.,  and  was  the 
first  Realtor  in  North  Carolina  to  be  listed  in  Who's 
Who  in  Creative  Real  Estate.  He  was  a  former  member 
of  the  Brevard  City  Council  and  was  past  president  of 
the  Chamber  of  Commerce,  the  Jaycees,  the  Rotary 
Club,  and  the  First  Citizens  Bank  board.  He  is  sur- 
vived by  his  wife,  Susan,  two  sons,  a  daughter,  two 
sisters,  and  four  grandchildren. 

Bruce  D.  Barnard  '50  of  High  Point,  N.C.,  in 
July  1992. 

Marianne  Rice  Layman  '50  of  Bristol,  Tenn., 
on  March  24,  of  cancer. 

George  S.  Ninos  '50  of  Syracuse,  N.Y.,  on  Dec. 
23, 1992. 

Arthur  Bascom  Pearce  B.D.  '50  of  Charlotte, 
N.C,  on  March  11.  A  graduate  of  Asbury  College,  he 
was  a  World  War  II  veteran  and  an  Army  chaplain. 
He  retired  from  the  Western  North  Carolina  Confer- 
ence of  the  United  Methodist  Church.  He  is  survived 
by  his  wife,  Eunice,  three  sons,  two  daughters,  a 
brother,  and  a  sister. 


B.S.M.E. '50  of  Beaver- 
dam,  Va.,  on  Dec.  4.  After  earning  an  M.S.M.E. 
degree  at  the  University  of  Michigan,  he  began  work- 
ing for  the  Naval  Research  Laboratory  at  its  Chesa- 
peake Bay  facility  in  the  thermodynamics  branch.  In 
the  Sixties,  his  research  included  hypervelocity 
impact  and  light  gas  gun  development,  and  he  also 
directed  two  full-scale  test  flights  to  determine  the 
effects  of  the  aerothermal  environment  on  a  damaged 
reentry  vehicle.  Ending  a  five-year  retirement  in 
1983,  he  returned  to  hypervelocity  research  and  pro- 
duced several  papers  over  the  next  nine  years.  He  is 
survived  by  his  wife,  Carolyn,  two  sons,  a  daughter, 
and  four  grandchildren. 


'50  of  Raleigh,  N.C,  on  Oct.  25, 
of  respiratory  failure.  A  veteran  of  World  War  II  and 
the  Korean  War,  he  worked  as  vice  president  and 
general  manager  of  Royal  Cotton  Mill  in  Wake  Forest 
before  becoming  an  officer  of  Marion  Manufacturing 
Co.  After  he  retired  in  1978,  he  established  Alton 
Smith  Properties,  a  commercial  real  estate  firm  in 
Raleigh.  He  was  a  trustee  of  Louisburg  College,  presi- 
dent of  the  Raleigh  Terpsichorean  Club,  and  a  mem- 
ber of  Edenton  Street  United  Methodist  Church's 
board  of  trustees.  A  yachting  enthusiast,  he  was 
licensed  by  the  U.S.  Coast  Guard  to  operate  and  nav- 
igate passenger-carrying  vehicles.  He  is  survived  by 
his  wife,  Matilda,  a  daughter,  a  son,  a  brother,  a  sister, 
and  a  grandson. 

William  Reginald  Lyon  M.D.  51  of  San  Fran- 
cisco, Calif.,  on  Nov.  24. 

Ben  Terry  White  II  M.D.  '51  of  Carmel  Valley, 
Calif.,  on  March  6,  of  kidney  failure.  He  is  survived  by 
a  daughter,  a  sister,  and  two  grandchildren. 

Harold  Edward  Bedell  '52  of  Midlothian,  Va., 
on  Feb.  1.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Mary,  two  sons,  a 
daughter,  and  a  grandson. 

Marvin  D.  Tyson  B.D.  '54  of  Greenville,  N.C,  on 
Feb.  18.  A  World  War  II  Marine  Corps  veteran,  he 
earned  a  two-year  degree  from  Campbell  College  and 
a  B.A.  from  Atlantic  Christian  College.  He  was  a 
minister  of  the  N.C.  Annual  Conference  of  the 
United  Methodist  Church  for  38  years  before  retiring 
in  1987.  He  was  also  chair  of  the  Board  of  Evangelism 
from  1972  to  1976.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Ruth;  a 
son;  two  daughters;  four  brothers,  including  Vernon 
C.  Tyson  B.D.  '57  and  Tommy  Tyson  '51, 
M.Div.  '53;  a  sister;  four  grandchildren;  and  a  great- 
grandchild. 

Ralph  H.  Griffin  D.F.  '56  of  Orono,  Maine,  on 
Feb.  12.  A  World  War  II  veteran,  he  was  a  graduate 
of  Virginia  Tech  and  of  Yale  University  School  of 


Forestry.  After  working  for  the  Virginia  Forestry  Ser- 
vice, he  taught  at  the  Agricultural  and  Technical 
College  in  Greensboro,  N.C.  In  1956,  he  became 
professor  of  forest  resources  at  the  University  of 
Maine,  where  he  was  named  Teacher  of  the  Year 
several  times.  He  was  also  chair  of  the  New  England 
Society  of  American  Foresters.  He  is  survived  by  his 
wife,  Dorothy,  three  sons,  four  grandchildren,  and 
two  brothers. 

William  A.  Zaffiro  '58  of  Mansfield,  Ohio,  on 
Oct.  24,  of  a  brain  tumor.  After  earning  a  B.A.  in 
theology  from  Yankton  College  in  1961,  an  M.A. 
from  MacMurray  College  in  1961,  and  a  Ph.D.  in 
psychology  from  the  University  of  Southern  Missis- 
sippi in  1969,  he  was  an  associate  professor  of  psychol- 
ogy at  Ashland  University  for  2 1  years.  An  avid  gar- 
dener, he  was  honored  by  the  Mansfield-Richland 
Area  Chamber  of  Commerce  and  the  New]oumal  for 
his  flower  gardens.  He  is  survived  by  a  son,  three 
daughters,  and  his  mother. 


Kl  M.S. '59  of  Raleigh,  N.C. 

James  Hatten  Howard  III  '61  of  Athens,  Ga., 
on  Sept.  28,  1992,  of  cancer.  A  professor  of  geology  at 
the  University  of  Georgia,  he  earned  his  doctorate  at 
Stanford.  He  was  named  Outstanding  Honors  Profes- 
sor, the  Sandy  Beaver  Teaching  Professor,  and  Geol- 
ogy Teacher  of  the  Year.  He  was  also  a  volunteer  for 
many  years  with  the  Athens  Recreation  and  Parks  T- 
ball  and  soccer  programs.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Molly,  two  sons,  a  daughter,  his  mother,  and  a  brother. 

Allen  Koppenhaver  Ph.D.  '64  of  Springfield, 
Ohio,  on  May  13,  after  a  long  illness.  Before  complet- 
ing his  Ph.D.,  he  earned  his  B.A.  at  Lebanon  Valley 
College  in  Annville,  Pa.,  and  his  M.A.  at  Ohio  Uni- 
versity. An  English  professor  at  Wittenberg  Univer- 
sity for  29  years,  he  received  the  school's  Distin- 
guished Teaching  Awatd  and  was  an  authority  on 
American  composer  Charles  Ives  and  poet  T.S.  Eliot. 
For  his  play  Transparent  Mornings,  he  won  a  National 
Endowment  for  the  Arts  Fellowship  to  write  three 
one-act  operas  based  on  the  works  of  Edgar  Allan  Poe. 
He  also  won  a  Fulbright  Fellowship  to  lecture  on 
American  music,  literature,  and  art  in  England, 
Wales,  and  Italy.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Jerry,  two 
sons,  a  daughter,  and  five  grandchildren. 

Bennett  B.  Foster  Ph.D.  '66  of  Marietta,  Ga., 
on  April  20.  After  graduating  from  Colorado  State 
University,  he  worked  for  the  Bureau  of  Indian  Affairs 
in  Oregon  and  the  U.S.  Forest  Service  in  Bend,  Ore. 
He  later  earned  his  master's  degree  in  forestry  from 
Oregon  State  University.  He  taught  at  the  University 
of  New  Hampshire  School  of  Forestry  from  1964  to 
1981  before  joining  the  Atlanta  area  regional  office  of 
the  U.S.  Forest  Service  in  1981,  where  he  remained 
until  he  retired  in  1992.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Lennette,  a  son,  three  daughters,  a  brother,  a  sister, 
and  six  grandchildren. 


Jerry  D.  Paschal  Ed.D  '71  of  Whiteville,  N.C, 
on  Jan.  10,  following  a  heart  attack.  A  graduate  of 
High  Point  College,  he  earned  a  master's  degree  and 
superintendent's  certificate  from  UNC-Chapel  Hill. 
In  1973,  he  became  superintendent  of  the  Columbus 
County  Schools  and  in  1981,  he  was  named  superin- 
tendent of  the  Whiteville  city  school  system.  He  was 
recognized  as  the  1991  superintendent  of  the  year  by 
the  N.C.  School  Boards  Association.  He  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  N.E.A.  and  a  former  president  of  the 
N.C.E.A.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Patricia,  a  daugh- 
ter, a  son,  his  mother,  and  five  grandchildren. 

Constance  Gay  Hunter  '77  of  Winston-Salem, 
N.C,  on  July  9,  1992,  of  cancer  of  the  heatt.  She  was 
a  computer  analyst  with  AT&T  Guilford  Center  in 
Greensboro,  N.C.  She  was  a  member  of  the  board  of 
trustees  of  Hanes  Memorial  C.M.E.  Church  and  an 
adoptive  parent  of  the  Rossie  T.  Hollis  Junior  Mis- 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


sionary  Circle.  She  is  survived  by  her  parents,  two 
sisters,  and  several  aunts  and  nieces. 

Debra  N.  Acker  B.S.E.  '80,  M.S.  '82,  Ph.D.  '85 

on  Nov.  26,  of  cystic  fibrosis.  She  worked  for  the  Lord 
Corp.  Research  Center  in  the  Research  Triangle 
Park.  In  March,  the  Lord  Corp.  sponsored  a  memorial 
service  for  her  at  the  Duke  engineering  school,  dedi- 
cating a  bronze  plaque  in  her  honor  outside  the 
Thomas  Lord  Research  Center,  the  biomedical  engi- 
neering lab  where  she  did  her  graduate  research.  Also, 
her  parents  were  presented  with  bound  copies  of  her 
master's  thesis  and  her  doctoral  di: 


Dorothy  Boyd  Hamrick  B.S.N.  '83  of  Shelby,  N.C. 

George  E.  Frazier  Jr.  '84  of  Simpsonville,  S.C., 
on  April  14  of  a  pulmonary  aneurysm.  A  1987  gradu- 
ate of  the  University  of  Michigan  Law  School,  he  was 
an  attorney  with  the  Gteenville,  S.C.,  law  firm 
Haynsworth,  Marion,  McKay  and  Geurard.  He  was  an 
officer  of  Golden  Strip  Civitan  Club  and  a  member  of 
Grace  Covenant  Methodist  Chutch  in  Mauldin.  He  is 
survived  by  his  wife,  Cheryl,  two  daughters,  his 
mother,  and  a  sister. 


S.  Mims  Jr.  '92  of  Houston,  Texas,  on 
April  17.  He  attended  Duke  and  graduated  with  a 
B.A.  in  history-  from  the  Univetsity  of  Texas  in  1992. 
He  was  a  law  student  at  the  University  of  Houston. 
He  is  survived  by  his  parents,  paternal  grandparents,  a 
brother,  and  a  sister. 

Urology  Professor  Dees 

John  Essary  Dees,  a  retired  professor  of  urology  at  the 
Medical  Centet,  died  May  19  in  Durham.  He  was  83. 

After  graduating  from  the  University  of  Vitginia 
with  B.S.  and  M.D.  degrees,  he  was  an  intern,  assistant 
resident,  and  resident  at  The  Johns  Hopkins  Hospital 
in  Baltimote  from  1933  to  1938.  He  became  assistant 
professor  of  urology  at  Duke  in  1938,  was  named  pro- 
fessor of  urology  in  1953,  and  retired  in  1979. 

A  member  of  the  the  Amet ican  Medical  Associa- 
tion and  the  American  Urological  Association,  he 
was  the  first  person  to  report  the  use  of  sulfanilamide. 
The  author  of  more  than  50  published  atticles  in  pro- 
fessional journals,  he  and  his  wife,  Susan,  shared  the 
Distinguished  Teacher  Award  presented  by  the  Duke 
Medical  Alumni  Association. 


He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  three  daughters,  a  son, 
and  six  grandchildren. 

Surgery  Professor  Gardner 

Clarence  E.  Gardner  Jr.,  a  professor  emeritus  of 
surgery  and  one  of  the  original  faculty  members  at 
Duke's  medical  school,  died  April  22  in  Lakeland,  Fla. 
He  was  90. 

He  earned  his  bachelor's  from  Wittenberg  Univer- 
sity and  his  M.D.  from  The  Johns  Hopkins  School  of 
Medicine,  where  he  worked  for  two  years  as  an  associ- 
ate and  instructor  in  surgery.  He  came  to  Duke  in 
1930  as  the  first  surgical  resident  under  surgery  chair 
Deryl  Hart.  In  1937,  he  was  named  a  professor  of 
surgery,  and  surgery  department  chait  in  1960  when 
Hart  became  Duke's  president. 

Gardner  retired  in  1964.  In  1968,  the  newly 
constructed  surgical  outpatient  clinic  was  named 
in  his  honot. 


CLASSIFIEDS 


RESORTS/TRAVEL 


ARROWHEAD  INN,  Durham's  country  bed  and 
breakfast.  Restored  1775  plantation  on  four  rural 
acres,  20  minutes  to  Duke.  Written  up  in  USA  Today, 
Food  &  Wine,  Mid-Atlantic.  106  Mason  Rd.,  27712. 
(919)  477-8430;  outside  919  area,  (800)  528-2207. 

ST.  JOHN:  Two  bedrooms,  pool.  Quiet  elegance, 
spectacular  view.  (508)  668-2078. 

KEY  WEST:  One,  two,  or  three  bedroom  home  with 
Jacuzzi.  Lush,  private  compound  in  historic  Old  Town. 
(305)296-7012. 


THE  OLD  NORTH  DURHAM  INN,  an  intimate 
bed  and  breakfast  less  than  a  mile  from  Duke,  offering 
tum-of-the-century  charm,  comfortable  lodging, 
and  hearty  breakfasts.  922  N.  Mangum  St.,  27701 . 
(919)683-1885. 

BALD  HEAD  ISLAND,  NC.  Unspoiled  island  acces- 
sible by  ferry  from  Southport.  No  cars.  Transportation 
by  golf  cart,  fourteen  miles  of  beach,  golf,  tennis, 
nature  program,  great  fishing.  Beautifully  furnished 
three-bedroom,  two-bath  condo.  Weekly/weekend/ 
off-season  rates.  Rent  at  discount  directly  from  owners. 
(919)  929-0065. 


July-Augu< 


BLUE  RIDGE  MOUNTAINS,  Woolwine,  Va.  The 
MOUNTAIN  ROSE  is  a  fully  restored,  Victorian  bed 
and  breakfast  retreat,  seven  miles  from  the  Blue  Ridge 
Parkway.  Two  hours  from  Durham.  (703)  930-1057. 

KEOWEE  KEY  S.C. 

Retired  Country  Club  Living 

Reasonably  Priced  Resale 

Homes,  Lots,  Condos,  Townhouses 

RENTALS 

Waterfront  and  Golf  Course 

Golf,  Tennis,  Boating,  and  Other 

Easy  Living  Amenities.  Ask  for 

BiUWilmer'51  1-800-637-2772 

FOOTHILLS  OF  KEOWEE 

LONDON.  My  delightful  studio  apartment  near  Mar- 
ble Arch  is  available  for  short  or  long-term  rental. 
Elisabeth  J.  Fox,  M.D.,  901  Greenwood  Rd.,  Chapel 
Hill,  N.C.  27514.  (919)  929-3194. 


FOR  RENT 


ST.  JOHN,  USV1:  AGAVE,  thtee-bedroom,  two- 
bath,  fully  equipped  private  home,  two  miles  from 
Cruz  Bay.  Spectacular  view.  Ftom  $1,100  during 
season.  (809)  776-6518. 

OCEAN  CITY,  MARYLAND:  Beautifully  furnished 
apartment,  two  bedroom,  two  bath,  sleeps  seven.  The 
Ocean  Front  Quay.  $800/week.  (301 )  593-2312.  Ring 
thrice  only. 

MOREHEAD  CITY:  Two-bedroom,  two-bath  condo 
(sleeps  six)  at  DOCKSIDE  on  Bogue  Sound.  All 
amenities,  plus  exercise  room.  Historic  Beaufort, 
Duke  Marine  Lab,  beach  near.  (305)  565-3636, 
(305)771-0095. 

PARIS  APARTMENTS  by  week  or  month.  Best 
locations  and  rates,  (305)  475-0615. 

MONTREAT,  NC:  Furnished  house,  three 
bedrooms,  greatroom/fireplace,  large  porch.  Weekend 
$350,  Week  $550.  Mrs.  John  M.  Jordan  (919)  376- 
3132. 


FOR  SALE 


UNIQUE  MOUNTAIN  ESTATE  at  base  of  Mt. 
Mitchell,  NC.  Immaculate,  4,000-square-foot,  passive- 


solar  home  on  three  acres  in  private  cove.  Stream, 
trout  ponds,  bounded  by  national  forest,  near  golf 
course.  $210,000.  Call  (919)  383-6513  for  details. 

QUALITY  U.S.  &  FOREIGN  FLAGS 
Special  Flags  6k  Banners  made  to  order 
Aluminum  &  Fiberglas  Flagpoles 
Marian  Zaren,  147  N.  Main  St. 
Yardley,  PA  19067  (215)  493-2134 


MISCELLANEOUS 

GAY,  LESBIAN,  AND  BISEXUAL  ALUMNI.  A 
Duke  University  Gay,  Lesbian,  and  Bisexual  Alumni 
Network  is  being  formed.  Plans  are  being  made  for 
Homecoming  1993.  For  more  information,  to  help 
with  planning,  of  to  be  placed  on  a  confidential  mail- 
ing list,  contact  Robin  A.  Buhrke,  Ph.D.,  Coordinator 
of  Gay,  Lesbian,  and  Bisexual  Services  and  Sexuality 
Programming,  Duke  Counseling  and  Psychological 
Services,  214  Page  Bldg.,  Box  90955,  Durham,  N.C. 
27708-0955,(919)660-1000. 


CLASSIFIED  RATES 

GET  IN  TOUCH  WITH  68,000  POTENTIAL  buyers, 
renters,  travelers,  consumers,  through  Duke  Classifieds. 

RATES:  For  one-time  insertion,  $25  for  the  first  10 
words,  $1  for  each  additional  word. 

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multiple  i 


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ALL  ADS  MUST  BE  PREPAID.  Send  check  or  money 
order  (payable  to  Duke  Magazine)  to:  Classifieds,  Duke 
Magazine,  614  Chapel  Drive,  Box  90570,  Durham, 
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DEADLINES:  November  1  (January-February  issue), 
January  1  (March-April  issue),  March  1  (May-June 
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issue).  Please  specify  issue  in  which  ad  should  appear 


SAVING  THE  FOREST 
FOR  THE  TREES 


As  the  owner  of  a  profitable  business 
that  imported  exotic  woods  from 
the  Brazilian  rain  forest,  Mark 
Baker  77  would  often  visit  sawmills  in 
remote  locations  of  the  Amazon.  Close  by 
the  mills,  he  was  horrified  by  the  burnt 
and  bent-over  trunks  in  completely  defor- 
ested areas.  When  he  drove  farther  into 
the  rain  forest,  outside  the  extraction  zone, 
he  immediately  noticed  the  cooler  temper- 
atures and  once  again  heard  the  sounds  of 


animals. 


As  Baker  became  more  aware  of  the 
devastating  consequences  of  deforestation, 
he  says,  he  realized  that  his  Amazonex 
Lumber  Company  could  better  contribute 
to  rain  forest  conservation  by  redirecting 
its  efforts  into  tourism.  By  1989,  he  had 
transformed  Amazonex  into  Ecotour  Expe- 
ditions, which  runs  ecological  trips  to 
Central  and  South  America. 

Seven  years  earlier,  in  1982,  Baker  had 
made  his  first  visit  to  the  Amazon  region 
and  was  captivated  by  its  flora  and  fauna. 
After  leaving  a  boat-building  job  in  New- 
port, Rhode  Island,  where  he  first  learned 
about  tropical  woods,  he  planned  to  pay 
for  his  trip  to  the  Amazon  by  selling  some 
of  its  lumber.  But  his  enthrallment  with 
the  region  soon  led  to  his  continued  busi- 
ness interests  there — and  his  growing  real- 
ization of  the  urgency  of  conservation  led 
to  the  company's  transition  to  ecotourism. 

It's  all  too  easy  to  look  upon  his  busi- 
ness' transformation  as  a  "sudden  green 
conversion,"  Baker  says.  Though  that  sort 
of  quasi-religious  experience  would  make  a 
good  story,  he  says,  the  reality  is  that 
Amazonex  always  had  conservation  as  one 
of  its  primary  aims.  "When  I  began  the 
lumber  company,"  Baker  says,  "I  did  so 
only  after  much  thought  and  consultation 
with  several  very  well-known  scientists 
conducting  Amazon  research.  They  en- 
couraged me  to  import  species  of  wood 
that  did  not  already  have  a  market  in  the 
United  States." 

Baker  explains  that  many  scientists 
believe  that  a  two-part  conservation  strat- 
egy will  save  the  rain  forests:  First,  by  cre- 
ating a  market  for  so-called  "secondary 
species,"  lumber  companies  will  remove 
pressure  from  the  primary  forest;  and  sec- 


Branching  out:  Baker' s  forest  fascination  began  with 
harvesting,  but  soon  turned  to  conservation 

ond,  since  many  secondary  species  can  be 
grown  outside  their  natural  habitats  in 
managed  forest  systems,  the  theory  is  that, 
over  time,  the  woods  harvested  by  timber 
companies  will  be  replaced. 

But  Baker  says  he  learned  that  neither 
part  of  the  conservation  strategy  is  effec- 
tive in  practice  because  it  will  always  be 
more  economical  to  remove  timber  from 
the  primary  forest  than  to  harvest  secondary 
species.  For  now,  he  says,  the  much-publi- 
cized policy  of  "sustainable  extraction"  is  a 
hoax,  because  it  will  require  expensive 
long-term  investment,  unproven  extrac- 
tion technologies,  and  many  decades  to 
produce  a  high  yield  of  high-quality  wood. 
The  result  is  that  timber  companies  have 
continued  their  deforestation  practices. 

One  part  of  the  solution,  Baker  says,  is 
to  support  a  system  of  national  parks  in 
Brazil,  which  will  help  balance  the  conflict 
between  human  needs  and  biodiversity. 
"Brazilians  have  to  be  able  to  tap  their  re- 
sources, as  we  have  done  in  this  country. 
But  we  also  have  to  sustain  the  plants  and 
animals  in  the  rain  forest,"  he  says. 

According  to  Baker,  ecotourism  is  the 
bridge  between  visitors  who  want  to  appre- 
ciate biodiversity  from  an  intellectual 
standpoint,  using  the  forest  in  a  non-inva- 
sive way,  and  locals  who  need  to  gain  their 
livelihood  from  it.  As  evidence  that  tourism 
benefits  the  Brazilians  directly,  Baker 
points  to  the  statistic  that  Ecotour  Expedi- 
tions pays  its  Brazilian  employees  three  or 
four  times  what  they  might  make  other- 


wise. "Ecotourism  isn't  going  to  save  the 
rain  forest,"  Baker  says.  "Any  solution  will 
include  lots  of  small  efforts."  In  Costa 
Rica,  he  says,  tourism  has  replaced  bananas 
as  the  country's  chief  industry. 

Ecotour  Expeditions  offers  two  types  of 
trips:  expeditions,  trips  of  eight  to  fifteen 
days  that  proceed  a  considerable  distance 
into  the  wilderness;  and  excursions,  trips 
of  four  to  ten  days  that  are  individually  tai- 
lored to  travelers'  needs.  This  year,  Eco- 
tour offers  eighteen  expeditions  to  the 
Amazon,  Brazil,  Ecuador,  Venezuela,  and 
Panama.  Baker  accompanies  most  of  the 
Amazon  trips  himself;  he  estimates  that  he 
made  ten  round-trips  last  year.  Both  he 
and  the  scientists  who  act  as  guides  are 
constantly  surprised  by  their  discoveries  in 
remote  areas.  "Because  the  forest  is  so 
diverse,"  Baker  says,  "we  see  things  on 
every  trip  that  I've  never  seen  before." 

Baker  named  the  company  even  before 
the  term  "ecotourism"  became  popular 
(environmental  tourism  now  represents 
2  percent  of  the  travel  industry,  he  says): 
The  "eco"  in  Ecotour  Expeditions  stands 
for  ecology.  Of  the  several  hundred  com- 
panies offering  environmentally-based  vaca- 
tions, Baker  claims  his  is  the  most  firm  in 
its  dedication  to  studying  tropical  ecology 
and  preserving  biodiversity.  But  some  of 
his  contacts  in  the  timber  industry  didn't 
completely  trust  his  motives.  "I  was  seen  by 
them  as  having  gone  over  to  the  enemy." 

Baker  says  that  more  than  500  people 
have  taken  his  company's  trips  in  the  last 
four  years.  Although  he  still  gets  calls 
every  day  from  people  who  want  to  buy 
Brazilian  wood,  he's  never  regretted  the 
transformation.  "The  lumber  company  was 
successful  after  years  and  years,  but  the 
business  wasn't  satisfying  because  we  were 
destroying  the  thing  that  had  driven  us  to 
the  place  to  start  with,"  he  says. 

"The  devastating  pace  of  deforestation 
and  the  accompanying  extinction  of 
species  is  a  vast  tragedy.  This  is  our  way  of 
employing  our  knowledge  of  working  in 
the  Amazon  in  a  way  that  can  contribute 
to  the  conservation  of  the  rain  forest." 

— Jonathan  Douglas 


For  information  on  Ecotour  Expeditions,  write 
P.O.  Box  381066,  Cambridge,  Mass.  02238,  or 
call  (800)  688-1822. 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


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Paramus,  New  Jersey  office. 

Call  Jim  Spanarkel  at 
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Member  SIPC. 


Merrill  Lynch 

A  tradition  of  trust. 


July-August    1  993 


JUST  WHAT  IS 

A  FEMINIST? 

BY  MARGARET  D.  CHRISTOPHER 

y  name  is  Margaret,  and  I'm  not 
a  feminist.  I  would  just  like  to 
say,  though,  that  I  am  a  little 
angry  about  the  fact  that  in  a  year  I  will 
graduate  from  law  school  and  my  salary 
will  be,  on  average,  25  percent  less  than 
that  of  the  men  in  my  profession.  I  am  a 
little  scared  by  the  statistics  that  estimate 
one  in  four  women  will  be  raped  or  sexual- 
ly assaulted  during  her  life.  I  am  disturbed 
when  I  read  the  newspapers  and  magazines 
and  learn  that  tens  of  thousands  of  Bos- 
nian Muslim  women  and  girls  are  being 
systematically  raped  and  impregnated  by 
Serbian  men  as  part  of  the  "ethnic  cleans- 
ing" campaign. 

It  makes  me  wonder  why  there  are  so 
few  women  in  the  House  of  Representa- 
tives and  in  the  Senate.  I  felt  confused 
when  Clarence  Thomas  was  nominated  to 
the  Supreme  Court  in  the  face  of  Anita 
Hill's  testimony  of  sexual  harassment,  and 
yet  Kimba  Wood  dropped  out  of  the  Attor- 
ney General  nomination  for  allegations  of 
legally  hiring  a  babysitter  a  few  years  ago.  I 
feel  helpless  that  I  cannot  walk  alone  at 
night  near  East  Campus  or  to  my  car  from 
the  law  school  after  studying  past  dark. 

I  cry  sometimes  when  I  remember  my 
father  hitting  my  mother  when  I  was  a 
small  child,  and  then  I  feel  pain  when  I 
learn  that  domestic  violence  is  the  single 
most  common  cause  of  injury  for  women, 
more  than  all  other  causes  combined. 

If  I  am  not  a  feminist,  just  what  is  it  I 
am  claiming  I  am  not? 

When  someone  asks,  "So,  are  you  a  fem- 
inist?" what  are  they  really  asking?  Some- 
times, they  are  asking,  "So,  are  you  a  les- 
bian, man-hating,  unshaven,  separatist 
bitch?"  Hmmmm.  No,  I  would  have  to  say 
no  to  that.  It's  okay  if  this  is  what  feminism 
means  to  the  person  who  is  asking,  but  is 
this  what  feminism  means  to  me?  I  guess 
I'm  not  really  sure.  But  I  would  like  to 
think  about  it,  because  there  seems  to  be  a 
lot  more  to  this  word  than  I  knew  before. 

In  1895  the  word  "feminist"  was 
described  as  a  woman  who  "has  in  her  the 
capacity  of  fighting  her  way  back  to  inde- 
pendence." In  1895?  In  1895,  a  woman 


could  be  killed  by  her  husband  if 
he  found  her  with  another  man.  In 
1895,  women  could  not  even  vote, 
let  alone  hold  office.  In  1895,  a 
man  could  legally  rape  his  wife. 

In  1993,  in  more  than  half  the 
states  in  the  union  a  man  can  still 
legally  rape  his  wife.  This  year 
North  Carolina  is  in  the  process 
of  trying  to  repeal  its  marital 
rape  exemption.  The  times, 
they  are  a-changin',  >ut  not 
fast  enough.  I  am  not  willing 
to  wait  another  hundred  years 
for  the  things  my  mother,  my 
grandmother,  and  her  grand- 
mother   wanted    for    them- 
selves. I  feel,  suddenly,  that  I 
am  in  debt  to  the  women  who 
have  worked  so  hard  for  so  long 
for  what  they  believed  was  their 
right  and  their  daughter's  right. 

So,  what  is  a  feminist?  I  know 
women  who  call  themselves 
feminists,  so  a  feminist  must  be 
a  woman.  But  I  know  men 
who  call  themselves  feminists 
as  well.  I  have  seen  bumper 
stickers  that  say  "Feminists 
for  Life"  and  "Feminists  for 
Choice."  So,  a  feminist  is  a 
woman  or  a  man  who  is  pro- 
choice  or  pro-life,  who  is  polit- 
ically active.  Or,  a  feminist  is 
someone  who  is  not  involved 
in  any  groups  or  organizations, 
who  works  for  equality  on  a 
very  personal  level.  A  feminist 
must  be  seeking  the  same  treat- 
ment of  women  and  men;  or,  a 
feminist  must  think  that  there 
are  differences  between  women 
and  men,  but  that  those  differ- 
ences should  be  valued  equally. 

A  feminist  might  be  a  woman  who  hates 
men  because  of  the  oppression  of  women 
she  perceives.  A  feminist  might  be  a  man 
who  stops  calling  the  secretaries  in  his 
office  "girls."  A  feminist  might  be  a  mother 
whose  daughter  has  been  raped  or  assault- 
ed. A  feminist  might  be  a  father  who  has 
learned  through  experience  that  his 
daughters  are  strong  and  capable  and  can 
go  as  far  as  they  wish,  if  society  will  allow 
it.  A  feminist  might  believe  that  the  power 
in  this  society  rests  in  the  hands  of 
wealthy,  white,  heterosexual  males,   and 


therefore  feminism  encompasses  issues  of 
economics,  race,  and  sexual  orientation.  A 
feminist  might  believe  that  each  of  us  has 
the  opportunity  to  make  the  most  of  our- 
selves, and  believes  that  this  applies  to 
women  as  well  as  to  men. 

A  feminist  might  be  a  lesbian,  or  gay.  A 
feminist   might  get  married.   A  feminist 
might  love  God  and  want  to  believe  with 
all  her  heart  that  God  did  not  intend 
for  women  to  be  oppressed,  and  that 
Jesus  Christ's  teachings  of  love  and 
equality  are  feminist  teachings.  A 
•*^  «?       feminist  might  feel  constricted  by 
our    society's    standards    of 
beauty  and  feminine  behav- 
ior and  stop  shaving  her 
legs,  stop  wearing  make- 
up, stop  trying  to  at- 
tract   men    through 
purely  physical  means. 
A  feminist  might  even 
be  a  woman  who  wants  to 
have  a  family,  be  at  home  to 
raise  children,  grow  a  gar- 
den,  and   learn  to  make 
very  good  bread.  Like  me. 

Perhaps  this  is  the  prob- 
lem: Calling  people  femi- 
nists is  an  attempt  to  de- 
fine them,  categorize  them, 
to  put  their  beliefs  first  and 
their  humanity  second.  The 
problem  arises  when  we  find 
that  feminism  can  mean 
many  things  that  often  con- 
tradict. I  think  the  real  ques- 
tion to  ask  is:  Why  are  you 
not  a  feminist?  I  wonder  what 
the  answer  will  be. 


Christopher  is  a  graduate  student  earning  her  law 
degree  and  a  master  s  in  English  literature.  The 
Chronicle  named  her  an  editorial  columnist  for  the 
upcoming  academic  year  based  on  a  version  of  this 
essay ,  which  she  read  at  the  closing  ceremony  of  the 
Women's  Studies  Institute  in  May. 


36 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


REGULATING 
THE  RHYTHMS 


OF  LIFE 


T 


he  biggest  killer  in  the 
United  States  comes 
from  what's  beating — 
you  should  hope  with 
perfect  regularity — in- 
side your  chest.  It's 
called  sudden  cardiac 
death,  and  80  percent 
of  its  victims  die  after  their  lower  heart 
chambers  begin  beating  too  fast  and  then 
go  apparently  out  of  control. 

Such  a  loss  of  the  heart  muscles'  normal 
tight  organization  is  known  as  an  arrhyth- 
mia, and  much  about  arrhythmias  still  baf- 
fles doctors.  That  is  why  it  has  become  the 
life's  work  of  Raymond  Ideker,  the  profes- 
sor of  pathology  and  biomedical  engineer- 
ing who  directs  Duke's  Basic  Arrhythmia 
Laboratory.  Ideker's  lab  is  perhaps  the 
world's  leading  center  to  study  the  loss  of 
electrical  order  underlying  arrhythmias. 
The  lab  is  just  one  component  of  Duke's 
National  Science  Foundation/Engineering 
Research  Center  for  Emerging  Cardiovas- 
cular Technologies,  where  some  100  re- 
searchers from  five  universities  are  pooling 
their  expertise  and  applying  advanced  engi- 
neering principles  to  the  understanding  of 
heart  conditions. 

Conceived  in  the  1980s,  the  National 
Science  Foundation's  Engineering  Re- 
search Center — or  ERC — seeks  to  draw 
industry  and  academe  together  in  a  univer- 
sity setting  to  advance  knowledge  and 
technology.  Of  the  eighteen  NSF  research 
centers,  Duke's  is  the  only  one  that  inves- 
tigates biomedical  problems.  And  while 
Duke's  ERC  does  basic  research,  the  work 
of  Ideker's  team  is  already  changing  the 
way  heart  problems  are  treated. 

Medical  researchers  once  saw  only 
chaos  in  the  lower  heart  chambers'  often- 
fatal  slide  into  tachycardia  (a  too-rapid 
beat)  and  fibrillation  (organizational  break- 
down). But  by  mapping  the  accompanying 
electrical  storms,  the  Duke  researchers 
have  discovered  certain  patterns  that  com- 
panies interacting  with  the  ERC  are  now 
exploiting.  Those  firms  are  designing  better 


A  VIEW  INSIDE 
THE  HEART 

BY  MONTE  BASGALL 


watching  the  series  of  observations  they 
have  made  trying  to  find  patterns  of  organ- 
ization and  understanding  in  what  seems  to 
be  chaos.  And  they've  done  it.  Ten  years 
ago,  if  you  would  have  asked  an  academic 
electrophysiologist  if 
he  thought  that 
would  be  possible, 
he  would  have  said, 
no  way.  It  would 
have  been  like  ask- 
ing in  the  Fifties  if 
somebody  could  be 
put  on  the  moon." 

Ideker,    an    M.D. 

and  Ph.D.  who  once 

worked  for  IBM   as 

a  computer  systems 

analyst,    sees    the 

teamwork  needed  to 

i  do  his  kind  of  work 

I  as    analogous    to    a 

|  moon  shot.  Heart 

-  physiology  studies 


Medical  researchers 

in  Duke's  Engineering 

Research  Center  are 

mapping  cardiac  electrical 

storms,  hoping  to  find 

patterns  of  organization 

from  the  chaos. 


defibrillators,  devices  worn  inside  the  body 
just  like  pacemakers,  that  deliver  electrical 
countershocks  intended  to  restore  the 
heartbeat  to  normality. 

Duke  assistant  professor  of  cardiology  J. 
Marcus  Wharton,  who  directs  the  medical 
center's  clinical  cardiac  electrophysiology 
section,    says,    "It    has    been    fascinating 


High-tech  hope: 
synthetic  microchips  like 
these  may  eventually 
anticipate — and 
prevent — arrhythmias 


are  usually  conduct- 
ed by  a  single  physi- 
cian, perhaps  assisted 
by  one  engineer  and 
one  technician,  he 
says.  "We've  taken  an  approach  here  that  is 
more  comparable  to  what  they  do  in  a  space 
project,  with  engineers,  computer  scientists, 
physicists,  and  physicians  all  working  togeth- 
er. And  we're  finding  out  a  lot  of  surprises." 

Those  surprises  haven't  come  easily.  To 
record  out-of-control  electrical  activity, 
Basic  Arrhythmia  Laboratory  workers  must 
first  place  hundreds  of  electrodes  directly  on 
the  hearts  of  anesthetized,  sleeping  labora- 
tory animals,  and  then  artificially  induce 
arrhythmias.  In  humans,  tachycardia  and 
fibrillation  usually  occur  in  people  who've 
had  a  heart  attack  before,  or  related  symp- 
toms; sometimes  the  causes  are  less  obvious. 
A  viral  infection,  or  alcohol  abuse — just  to 
name  two  factors — may  scar  the  heart  mus- 
cle and  make  it  prone  to  loss  of  control. 

Once  such  arrhythmias  start,  quick-acting 
paramedics  can  sometimes  stop  them  by  zap- 


July-August    1993 


37 


ping  patients  with  up  to  1,000 
volts  of  electricity.  That  jarring 
therapy,  defibrillation,  can  in- 
terrupt the  anarchy  and  restore 
a  normal  heartbeat.  But  too 
often  it  fails.  So  researchers  in 
Ideker's  lab  also  induce  defibril- 
lation in  animals  and  then  map 
what  happens  to  learn  how  to 
improve  the  odds. 

Interpreting  the  results  of 
such  mapping  studies  is  itself  so 
challenging  that  Ideker's  team 
sometimes  relies  on  high-tech 
graphics  made  with  the  help  of 
the  North  Carolina  Supercom- 
puting  Center  in  Research  Tri- 
angle Park.  The  graphics  also  require  assis- 
tance from   Duke's  Center  for   In  Vivo 
Microscopy,  whose  head,  G.  Allan  John- 
son, directs  another  ERC  component. 

Johnson's  center  uses  Magnetic  Reso- 
nance Imaging  (MRI)  to  provide  Ideker 
interior  views  of  the  hearts  of  the  research 
animals.  Those  X-ray-like  see-throughs  are 
up  to  20  million  times  sharper  than  are 
possible  with  the  MRI  units  hospitals  use 
to  peer  inside  living  humans,  says  Johnson, 
a  professor  in  the  departments  of  radiology 
and  physics.  Since  the  MRI  data  are  also 
digital,  they  can  be  matched  up  with  Ideker's 
electronic  mapping  data.  The  supercom- 
puter can  then  "reconstruct"  what  hap- 
pened during  an  arrhythmia  and  a  defibril- 
lation attempt. 


Heartbeat  feat:  von  Ramm,  who  helped  develop  the  2-D  ultrasound 
coronary  viewing,  demonstrates  the  technique  on  graduate  student  ]ii 

Some  of  those  images  were  enough  of  a 
technological  tour  de  force  to  be  presented 
at  a  national  high-performance  supercom- 
puting  symposium  held  last  year  in 
Research  Triangle  Park.  Each  is  like  one 
frame  of  a  movie  portraying  what  hap- 
pened during  a  real  defibrillation  attempt. 
The  movie  shows  how  waves  of  electrical 
activity — color  coded  by  the  supercomput- 
er— rippled  through  a  dog's  heart  over  a 
span  of  just  42  milliseconds.  In  the  first 
frame,  a  smudge  of  yellow  hovers  within 
the  heart's  lower  center;  by  the  eighth, 
multiplying  "ribbons"  have  engulfed  the 
entire  organ  in  a  multicolored  swirl.  The 
colors  change  from  yellow  to  blue  to  red  as 
the  voltages  increase. 

Wharton,   a  clinician   who   treats   such 


system  for 
n  Lacefield 


FROM  CONFLICT,  A  COMPROMISE 


Duke's  Engineering 
Research  Center  (ERC) 
is  a  testimonial  to  its 
first  director,  Theo  C.  Pilking- 
ton,  who  collapsed  and  died  on 
campus  last  January —  ironi- 
cally, after  suffering  a  massive 
heart  attack  at  the  age  of  fifty- 
seven.  "He  managed  to  pull 
together  a  team  of  researchers 
from  very  different  areas  of 
biomedical  engineering  and  he 
got  them  together  as  a  team 
focusing  on  important  prob- 
lems," says  M.  Christina 
Gabriel,  the  National  Science 
Foundation's  coordinator  of 
ERC  programs. 

A  Durham  native,  Pilking- 
ton  received  a  Ph.D.  in  electri- 
cal engineering  from  Duke  in 
1963  and  developed  an  early 
interest  in  using  computers 
and  mathematics  to  study  the 
electrophysiology  of  the  heart. 
In  1969,  he  also  persuaded  the 
university  and  its  School  of 
Engineering  to  establish  the 
school's  now  highly  rated 
department  of  biomedical 
engineering. 


In  1985,  the  NSF  began 
offering  universities  the 
chance  to  compete  for  presti- 
gious ERCs  that  would  provide 
millions  of  dollars  in  research 
money.  Pilkington — a  highly 
organized  and  intense  man 
who  could,  by  turns,  be 
humorous,  courtly,  or 
abrupt — promptly  proposed  an 
ERC  for  Duke,  one  that  would 
combine  engineering  with 
heart  research. 

In  1987,  the  NSF  awarded 
Duke  an  ERC,  but  with  some 
unusual  strings  attached. 
While  the  foundation  under- 
writes much  of  the  U.S.  acade- 
mic research  in  engineering,  it 
does  not  fund  medical  research 
per  se.  So,  the  NSF's  National 
Science  Board  decided  that 
Duke  could  receive  up  to  $14 
million  in  federal  funds  during 
the  first  five  years  only  if  the 
National  Institutes  of  Health — 
medical  research's  major  fed- 
eral money  source — agreed  to 
co-fund  Pilkington 's  center. 

That  edict  was  unprece- 
dented and  controversial.  One 


federal  agency  does  not  try  to 
force  another's  hand.  And 
then-NIH  director  James  B. 
Wyngaarden — previously  chief 
of  staff  at  the  Duke  Medical 
Center — risked  allegations  of 
both  favoritism  and  conflict-of- 
interest  if  he  approved  the 
arrangement. 

The  controversy  was  re- 
solved with  a  compromise.  The 
NSF  would  initially  give  the 
center  about  one-third  less 
money,  and  would  make  up 
the  difference  only  if  center  re- 
searchers secured  the  equiva- 
lent third  in  NIH  funding. 

Since  then,  the  Duke  ERC 
has  consistently  met  its  NIH 
funding  quota,  even  after  the 
NSF  dropped  the  requirement. 
And  the  Duke  ERCs  accom- 
plishments also  seem  to  please 
the  agency.  "NSF  review  teams 
have  been  very  enthusiastic," 
says  Gabriel,  who  must  guard 
her  comments  because  she 
manages  the  entire  program. 
"They  get  good  reviews  from 
the  NIH  as  well  as  the  NSF." 


patients,  says  there's  been  a  rapid 
improvement  in  implantable 
defibrillators  that  are  placed  in- 
side the  body  to  deliver  a  thera- 
peutic shock  as  soon  as  the  heart 
goes  out  of  control.  He  says 
wearing  such  devices  is  impor- 
tant because  nearly  60  percent 
of  survivors  of  an  initial  episode 
are  at  risk  for  a  recurrence  with- 
in two  years.  And  drugs  can  only 
g  help  about  10  to  20  percent  of 
I  such  patients,  he  adds. 
|  A  new  generation  defibrilla- 
tor just  now  being  marketed 
emits  a  "biphasic  wave  form"  of 
electrical  impulse,  one  that  can 
restore  an  arrhythmic  heart  to  normality 
using  nearly  30  percent  less  energy  than 
older  implantable  devices  require.  (Bipha- 
sic electrical  waves  are  so  named  because 
they  reverse  directions  after  a  few  thou- 
sandths of  a  second.)  Biphasic  devices  can 
be  smaller  since  they  don't  need  to  deliver 
as  much  power.  And  they  can  be  implant- 
ed without  having  to  perform  open-heart 
surgery,  an  especially  risky  procedure  in 
patients  who  are  already  sick. 

As  of  early  May,  Ventritex,  of  Sunny- 
vale, California,  was  the  only  U.S.  firm  to 
have  won  the  U.S.  Food  and  Drug  Admin- 
istration's approval  to  market  an  implantable 
biphasic  defibrillator.  Ventritex  is  also  a 
Duke  ERC  "educational  partner,"  one  of 
fifty  companies  and  publicly  supported  re- 
search centers  that  together  contribute 
more  than  $1  million  of  the  center's  $5- 
million  annual  budget. 

Despite  these  developments,  the  advan- 
tage of  the  biphasic  wave  form  remains 
somewhat  of  a  mystery.  "I  can  talk  to  you 
all  day  about  that  and  the  end  result  is  I 
don't  think  anybody  knows,"  Ideker  says. 
When  he  began  his  heart  mapping  re- 
search, sudden  cardiac  death  killed  about 
one  in  five  Americans,  a  rate  that  has  now 
leveled  off  thanks  to  better  therapy  and 
healthier  lifestyles.  Back  then,  sudden  car- 
diac death  was  already  known  to  be  caused 
by  a  disorganization  of  the  electrical  activ- 
ity that  normally  coordinates  the  actions 
of  heart  muscle  cells. 

"But  nobody  knew  precisely  what  that  dis- 
organization was,"  he  recalls.  "Does  it  mean 
that  one  half  of  the  heart  is  out  of  sync  with 
the  other  half?  Does  it  mean  that  at  the 
molecular  level  everything  is  disorganized? 
The  reason  people  didn't  know  is  that  we 
didn't  have  the  technology  to  study  it." 

With  its  ability  to  record  simultaneously 
from  528  electrodes — he  hopes  for  a  2,000 
channel  mapping  potential  soon — Ideker 
says  his  lab  is  challenging  older  theories 
about  why  defibrillation  shocks  often  fail 
to  work.  The  old  view  was  that  failed 
shocks  were  just  too  weak.  But  the  Duke 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


researchers  have  found  that  shocks  can 
also  be  too  strong,  and  that  success  can 
also  be  a  matter  of  delivering  the  shock  at 
just  the  right  time  and  place.  Duke  re- 
searchers are  also  finding  that  there  may 
be  two  electrical  wave  patterns  during 
ventricular  fibrillation.  Some  waves  drift 
aimlessly  as  "wandering  wavelets";  others 
organize  into  circling  spirals. 

By  the  middle  of  the  1990s,  Ideker  ex- 
pects further  miniaturization  to  shrink  im- 
plantable defibrillators  to  almost  the  size  of 
heart  pacemakers.  But  all  defibtillators  now 
react  only  to  arrhythmias  that  have  already 
begun.  If  engineers  and  scientists  can  learn 
enough,  perhaps  "smart"  devices  can  be 
designed  that  can  anticipate  an  arrhythmia 
that  is  about  to  happen,  he  says.  "You'd 
like  to  predict  that  half  a  second  from  now 
a  patient  is  going  into  an  arrhythmia." 

Duke's  ERC  is  preparing  for  its  sixth- 
year  review.  In  August,  it  must  submit  a 
detailed  proposal  that  will  determine 
whether  it  receives  funding  for  another 
five  years.  With  the  death  of  founding 
director  Theo  C.  Pilkington,  the  future  of 
the  whole  collaboration  is  at  stake,  but  its 
researchers  are  confident  of  continued 
endorsement.  James  H.  McElhaney,  the 
chairman  of  Duke's  biomedical  engineer- 
ing department,  will  share  the  job  of  ERC 
co-director  with  Olaf  von  Ramm,  a  Duke 
ultrasound  pioneer. 

Von  Ramm,  who  heads  one  of  the  ERC's 
other  components,  is  already  planning  to 
start  a  small  business  in  Durham  to  market 
his  futuristic  technology.  To  be  called  3D 
Ultrasound  Inc.,  that  firm  would  be  a  part- 
nership among  Duke,  the  ERC,  and  other 
backers  to  commercialize  that  he  calls  "the 
3-D  business."  A  Duke  professor  of  biomed- 
ical engineering  who  already  holds  four 
patents,  von  Ramm  did  much  to  develop 
the  2-D  "phased-array"  ultrasound  system 
that's  now  the  standard  at  hospitals  around 
the  world.  His  team  is  now  building  an 
experimental  three-dimensional  version 
that  may  some  day  allow  doctors  to  figura- 
tively "stand"  within  the  beating  heart. 

Perhaps  best  known  for  identifying  the 
sex  of  a  fetus  in  the  womb,  ultrasound  paints 
pictures  of  the  body's  interior  by  reflecting 
high-frequency  sound  waves  off  hidden 
anatomical  features.  Ultrasound  is  analogous 
to  radar,  von  Ramm  says.  Unlike  X-ray 
CAT  scans,  ultrasound  does  not  put  a 
patient's  cells  at  risk  of  radiation  damage. 
And  unlike  MRI,  ultrasound  does  not  force 
patients  to  be  wedged  into  claustrophobic 
tunnels  surrounded  by  noisy  electromagnets. 

"Ultrasound  is  always  a  very  nice  first 
technique,  because  it  is  non-invasive  and 
relatively  inexpensive,"  he  says.  "It's  like 
yelling  into  the  body  at  a  very  high  pitch." 
Work  on  2-D  ultrasound  started  twenty- 
two  years  ago  at  Duke.  Work  on  3-D  ultra- 


Von  Ramm's  team  is  now 
building  an  experimental 

3-D  ultrasound  system 
that  could  allow  doctors, 

figuratively,  to  "stand" 
within  the  beating  heart. 


sound  began  in  1987.  Three-dimensional 
ultrasound  would  let  doctors  see  a  volume 
rather  than  just  a  cross  section.  That  dis- 
tinction is  important  because  targets  of 
doctors'  interest,  such  as  tumors  or  faulty 
heart  valves,  have  length,  width,  and 
height  that  they  can't  fully  visualize  in  2-D. 
And  that's  not  all.  "Everything  in  the 
body  moves,"  von  Ramm  says.  "You 
breathe.  And  your  heart  beats."  So  the 
locations  of  internal  features  also  change 
over  time.  Because  of  that  motion,  Von 
Ramm's  team  is  designing  3-D  ultrasound 
that  would  operate  in  "real  time,"  meaning 
that  it  could  picture  movement  within  a 
volume  as  it  is  happening.  Another  goal  is 
to  be  able  to  picture  blood,  which  is  nor- 


mally invisible  to  ultrasound.  The  idea 
would  be  to  detect  it  by  its  motion  as  it 
courses  through  the  heart  and  blood  vessels. 

Keeping  track  of  all  that  is  technically 
daunting.  Von  Ramm's  team  is  using  an 
innovation  called  exploso-scan,  which  al- 
lows an  array  of  ultrasound  pulses  to  be 
processed  every  50  thousandths  of  a  sec- 
ond. Like  the  high-tech  dinosaur  fantasy 
world  in  the  film  ]urassic  Park,  it  requires 
the  interaction  of  three  separate  comput- 
ers to  work.  Even  that  isn't  enough.  His 
team  has  had  to  build  plenty  of  other  spe- 
cialized hardware. 

Later  this  summer,  von  Ramm  hopes  to 
have  his  first  3-D  ultrasound  device  up  and 
ninning.  If  the  technology  fulfills  its  promise, 
doctors  might  eventually  be  able  to  put  on 
3-D  glasses  and  actually  appear  to  step 
"inside"  the  body — "I  can,  in  fact,  display 
the  data  as  if  I  were  standing  inside  the 
heart" — and  to  measure  blood  flow  through 
the  heart  and  coronary  arteries.  That 
could  make  3-D  ultrasound  an  inexpensive 
and  non-stressful  substitute  for  coronary 
angiography,  which  involves  injecting 
dyes  into  the  heart  through  a  tube  inserted 
through  a  blood  vessel. 

"To  image  the  heart  with  ultrasound," 
says  von  Ramm,  "somebody  would  put  this 
thing  to  your  chest — and  that's  all  there  is 


DUKE 

Safe,  serious  weight  loss  through 

lifestyle  change.  Personalized  care  from 

Duke  physicians  and  health  professionals. 


Diet  and  Fitness  Center 

Duke  University  Medical  Center 
804  W.  Trinity  Avenue 
Durham,  NC  27701 
800-362-8446 


July-August    1993 


PLAYING 


WITH  THE  BASES 


Y 


ou  do  what  you've  got  to 
do,"  says  Ben  Lane  as  he 
squeezes  himself  into  a 
crowded  school  auditori- 
um. For  twenty-eight 
years,  Lane  has  been 
with  the  Naval  Aviation 
Depot  in  Norfolk,  Vir- 
ginia; a  civilian  worker,  he's  a  production 
superintendent  in  a  calibration  lab.  He's 
forty-seven  years  old,  the  father  of  a  col- 
lege-bound daughter,  and  just  two  years 
away  from  a  "reasonable  retirement." 

It's  a  pretty  good  life.  And  right  now,  it 
looks  awfully  fragile.  That's  why  Lane, 
early  this  April  morning,  hopped  on  one 
of  six  chartered  buses  for  a  three-hour  ride 
from  Norfolk  to  Arlington,  Virginia.  He's 
on  hand  for  what  is  rather  ponderously 
titled  the  Mid-Atlantic  Regional  Hearings 
of  the  Defense  Base  Closure  and  Realign- 
ment Commission. 

The  Naval  Aviation  Depot  is  on  the 
commission's  possible  hit  list.  Before  the 
hearings  start,  Lane  talks  about  the  facili- 
ty's importance  to  military  readiness  and 
mobility.  "The  bottom  line  is  this,"  he  says 
about  a  close-to-home  closing.  "It's  sup- 
posed to  benefit  the  taxpayer,  but  it's 
going  to  cost  the  taxpayer."  More  to  the 
point,  if  the  depot  takes  the  hit,  it's  going 
to  cost  him  his  job. 

The  Ben  Lane  story  is  all  too  familiar  to 
Jim  Courter  J.D.  '66;  he'll  hear  it  in  one 
version  or  another,  throughout  the  day  in 
Arlington  and  dozens  of  times  in  later 
hearings  across  the  country.  Courter,  into 
his  second  stint  as  chairman  of  the 
Defense  Base  Closure  and  Realignment 
Commission,  was  a  Republican  congress- 
man from  New  Jersey  for  twelve  years.  For 
all  that  time  he  was  a  member  of  the 
Armed  Services  Committee,  and — perhaps 
most  in  keeping  with  his  current  assign- 
ment— he  served  on  the  Subcommittee  on 
Military  Installations  and  Facilities.  He 
retired  from  Congress  in  1991  and  ran  for 
governor  against  Jim  Florio;  Florio  won 
the  race,  and  is  now  in  a  difficult  re-elec- 


MILITARY  CUTBACKS 

BYROBERTJ.BLIWISE 


Politicians  and  lobbyists 

fight  to  defend  their  turf 

as  Jim  Courter's  federal 

commission  sifts  through 

statistics,  schedules,  and 

statements  to  help 

reshape  the  military. 


tion  campaign.  Courter,  meanwhile,  founded 
and  became  a  senior  partner  in  a  Hack- 
ettstown,  New  Jersey,  law  firm. 

Courter's  eight-member  panel — formed 
of  retired  military  officers,  business  execu- 
tives, former  government  officials,  and  one 
former  congresswoman — has  the  nearly 
ultimate  say  in  deciding  which  military 
installations  should  be  closed  and  consoli- 
dated. Behind  the  scenes — actually,  in  a 
Rosslyn,  Virginia,  office  building  over- 
looking the  Potomac  River — are  thirty- 
four  civilian  analysts  and  experts  from  the 
General  Accounting  Office,  Environmen- 
tal Protection  Agency,  Federal  Aviation 
Administration,  and  Defense  Department. 
They  are  sifting  through  statistics,  sched- 
ules, and  statements,  helping  to  decide, 
ultimately,  the  fate  of  Ben  Lane. 

These  two  days  of  hearings  cover  bases 
in  Norfolk,  Annapolis,  Arlington,  and 
Washington,  D.C.  At  times,  the  crowd 
will  approach  standing-room-only  propor- 
tions. Many  come  wearing  yellow  buttons 
reading  "It  Doesn't  Make  Sense!"  in  big 
letters  and  a  helpful  explanation  along  the 
circumference:     "Proposed     Navy     Move 


from  Virginia — Base  Closure  and  Realign- 
ment Commission." 

Senators  Chuck  Robb  and  John  Warner 
share  the  stage  with  Courter  and  the  com- 
missioners. The  promised  star  of  the  morn- 
ing, Virginia  governor  Douglas  Wilder,  is 
apparently  running  late.  After  a  respectful 
wait  of  several  minutes,  Courter  begins, 
telling  the  crowd  that  "The  process, 
painful  as  it  is,  is  necessary  to  ensure  that 
the  money  we  spend  for  national  security 
is  spent  in  the  best  way."  (Courter  says 
that  the  commission's  charge  to  get  the 
most  out  of  all  those  defense-related  tax 
dollars  can  only  add  luster  to  his  conserva- 
tive credentials.) 

Wilder  then  makes  his  late  entrance, 
trailed  by  press  aides;  they  distribute  a  five- 
page  statement  to  two  rows  of  media  repre- 
sentatives. The  longest  handout  of  the  day 
is  a  "Rebuttal  Data  Package  for  Naval  Avi- 
ation Depot  Norfolk,"  weighing  in  at 
forty-one  pages  plus  a  supplementary  "Mil- 
itary Value  Matrix."  The  most  color- 
packed  statement  is  by  a  seventeen-year 
employee  of  the  Naval  Undersea  Warfare 
Center  Detachment  in  Norfolk.  He  pro- 
vides nine  full-color  pages  of  charts, 
graphs,  and  maps  with  headings  like  "Pri- 
mary Roles  and  Responsibilities"  and 
"Return  on  Investment." 

"We  have  not  opposed  reductions  in 
defense  spending,  and  I  am  not  here  today 
to  oppose  all  closures  and  realignments  in 
Virginia,"  Wilder  says.  He  goes  on  to 
oppose  most  of  them,  arguing  that  by  its 
own  criteria,  "the  Navy  cannot  reasonably 
argue  that  its  operational  readiness  will  be 
enhanced"  by  disbanding  Virginia-based 
command  centers.  "The  Navy  itself  argued 
years  ago  that  it  was  critical  that  the  com- 
mands be  within  close  proximity  to  the 
Pentagon — and  no  other  location  in  the 
world  fits  that  criterion."  While  position- 
ing himself  as  a  patriot  and  a  fan  of  mili- 
tary preparedness,  he  finally  brings  his 
argument  home,  citing  an  estimate  that 
with  base  closings,  Virginia  would  lose  up 
to  $52  million  in  tax  revenues. 


40 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


Warner  is  next  for  the  defense.  He  refets 
to  his  stint  as  Secretary  of  the  Navy,  when 
he  targeted  two  New  England  installations 
for  closing.  This  time  around,  though,  "It's 
clear  that  the  staff  work  was  flawed  that 
got  up  to  this  commission."  Relative  to  its 
population,  he  says,  Virginia  stands  to  take 
the  largest  hit  of  any  state.  "This  is  not 
fairness." 

Six-term  Virginia  Congressman  Norman 
Sisisky  testifies  that  "in  the  real  world, 
they  have  a  slogan — location,  location, 
location."  Why  have  a  maintenance  center 
"any  place  other  than  Norfolk  where  the 
real  Navy  is?"  he  asks. 
"Trucking  engines  — 
and  planes  down  a 
highway  isn't  cost  ef- 
fective. It's  good  for 
UPS  or  Federal  Ex- 
press." That's  the  hest 
applause  line  of  the 
morning.  Courter  re- 
sponds, "You're  on  a 
roll  here." 

The  day's  most  de- 
tailed presentation 
comes  from  a  repre- 
sentative of  Arthur 
Andersen  6k  Co.  The 
consulting  firm  was 
hired  hy  the  Cham- 
ber of  Commerce, 
commercial  property 
owners,  defense  con- 
tractors, and  other 
"interested  parties" 
in  the  Crystal  City 
and  Arlington  area. 
Because  consolidat- 
ing facilities  would 
involve  new  con- 
struction and  ex- 
panded travel,  its  re- 
port concludes,  the 
Defense  Depart- 
ment's projected  sav- 
ings would  actually 
be  costs.  For  exam- 
ple, the  average 
Navy  employee  in 
Crystal  City  travels  to  the  nearby  Penta- 
gon seventy  times  each  year;  moving  Crys- 
tal City's  defense  work  elsewhere  would 
increase  travel  expenses. 

Andersen's  charts  are  "dramatic,  color- 
ful eye-poppers,"  Courter  says,  but  he  and 
other  commissioners  show  their  skepticism. 
One  of  the  commissioners  says  Andersen's 
travel  assumptions  "don't  anticipate  the  in- 
vention of  fax  machines."  A  congressman 
tells  Courter  that  he  hopes  Andersen's 
analysis  doesn't  "strain  your  credibility." 
Courter  responds,  "It's  not  my  credibility, 
it's  my  credence  that  you're  referring  to." 

During    a    break,    an    aide    to   Senator 


One  thing  to  be  avoided, 

says  Courter,  is  a  sense 

that  "decisions  were 

rigged  or  political  or 

made  behind  closed 

doors." 


Warner  calls  the  hearings  "more  ceremony 
than  substance."  But  Courter  says  it's  im- 
portant that  commissioners  get  out  in  the 
field  to  grasp  the  human  dimensions  of 
their  work,  and  that  communities  feel  "they 
have  a  seat  at  the  table"  before  decisions 
are  made.  "If  in  1991  we  weren't  open,  if 
we  weren't  fair,  if  we  didn't  give  communi- 
ties an  opportunity  to  hear  them  out,  if 
there  was  a  sense  that  decisions  were  rigged 
or  political  or  made  behind  closed  doors, 
Congress  would  have  cut  the  legs  off  this 
commission  and  it  would  not  exist  today." 

In  his   1986  book  The  Defense  Game, 
Duke  public  policy  professor  Richard  Stub- 


bing writes  that  much  of  today's  basing 
structure  is  a  legacy  of  the  huge  World 
War  II  buildup.  Stubbing  says  that  while 
the  military  ranks  are  only  a  small  fraction 
of  their  size  in  1945,  when  12  million  sol- 
diers were  under  arms,  the  domestic  base 
structure  that  supports  them  has  remained 
huge.  Defense  Secretaries  McNamara, 
Schlesinger,  and  Brown  actively  lobbied 
for  large-scale  base  closings,  "but  each 
encountered  fierce  resistance  from  the  mil- 
itary services,  the  Congress,  and  the  local 
constituencies  that  stood  to  lose  out  in  the 
proposed  base  realignments,"  Stubbing 
writes.  Harold  Brown, 
Jimmy  Carter's  de- 
fense secretary,  was 
ultimately  able  to 
achieve  only  one- 
third  of  the  base 
closings  he  recom- 
mended in  1978. 

Stubbing  offers  a 
simple  explanation 
for  such  policy  fail- 
ures in  a  1989  arti- 
cle in  The  Atlantic 
Monthly:  "Over  the 
years  the  congres- 
sional defense  com- 
mittees, Armed  Ser- 
vices and  Appropri- 
ations, have  been 
citadels  of  support  for 
the  Pentagon,  with 
most  members  com- 
ing from  states  and 
districts  that  benefit 
greatly  from  the  de- 
fense business.  Too 
often  the  bottom 
line  for  the  members 
of  these  commit- 
tees— for  all  mem- 
bers of  Congress — is 
bringing  home  the 
bacon  for  their  state 
or  district;  efficiency 
|  in  defense  spending 
|  tends  to  rank  much 
lower  on  their  list 
of  priorities." 

Three  years  ago,  Congress  set  up  the  in- 
dependent commission  to  review  recom- 
mendations made  by  the  Pentagon.  The 
commission  would  be  guided  by  several  cri- 
teria, led  by  military  considerations  but 
including  taxpayer  savings  and  local  eco- 
nomic and  environmental  impact.  There 
would  be  three  rounds  of  base  closings. 
Courter  headed  the  commission  in  1991,  for 
the  first  round,  and  was  tapped  again  by 
then-President  George  Bush  for  this  year's 
round;  the  process  revives  for  the  last  round 
in  1995.  He  didn't  hesitate  to  take  the 
assignment  a  second  time,  Courter  says.  He 


July- August    1993 


thought  continuity 
would  be  important: 
Two  first-round  com- 
missioners, along  with 
Courter,  returned  for 
1993. 

"Everybody  knows 
the  difficulty  of  the 
job,  the  pressures 
you're  under,"  Courter 
says.  "But  more  than 
that,  there's  a  sense 
of  satisfaction  that 
you  don't  get  in 
public  service  very 
often — particularly 
if  you're  a  Republi- 
can in  the  House, 
where  year  after  year 
you're  debating  some 
of  the  same  issues 
you  did  before  with 
no    real    measurable 

impact.  This  was  one  area  of  public  service 
that  involves  a  measurable  task  and  a 
defined  time  period  to  accomplish  the 
mission.  And  once  the  mission  was  ac- 
complished, the  results  were  almost  in- 
evitably going  to  be  adopted." 

Back  in  1991,  the  commission  voted  to 
close  thirty-four  bases  and  realign  forty- 
eight  others — steps  that,  according  to 
Courter,  will  save  some  $1.5  billion  a  year. 
At  the  same  time,  four  communities  made 
sufficiently  strong  economic  and  intellec- 
tual arguments  to  save  their  bases. 

In  the  current  round,  the  commission 
received  Defense  Secretary  Les  Aspin's  rec- 
ommendations in  mid-March.  The  Penta- 
gon recommended  forty-three  large  in- 
stallations and  122  smaller  sites  for  closing 
or  consolidation.  That  list  was  the  product 
of  self-studies  by  each  of  the  armed  ser- 
vices— a  process  that  Courter  and  others 
have  criticized  as  showing  little  inter-ser- 
vice cooperation.  Courter  says  that  the 
Army,  Navy,  and  Air  Force  should  have 
jointly  assessed  the  prospect  of  sharing 
storage  depots,  for  example. 

Courter's  commission  would  later  add 
about  twenty  sites  to  the  list,  including 
McClellan  Air  Force  Base  and  the  Presidio 
in  economically  distressed  and  politically 
vital  California,  hard-hit  in  the  earlier 
rounds  of  base  closings.  Those  sites  had 
been  spared  by  the  defense  secretary. 
Reporters  asked  Courter  if  the  move  to 
reconsider  the  fates  of  the  two  California 
bases  represented  a  slap  at  Aspin  and  at 
the  House  Armed  Services  Committee's 
liberal  California  chairman.  Courter,  in 
response,  has  pointed  to  the  membership 
of  his  commission — nominally  five 
Democrats  and  three  Republicans.  And 
with  bipartisan  diplomacy,  the  former 
Republican  congressman  says  he  doesn't 


Courter's  commission  heard  pleas  from  contractors,  private  citizens 
even  hired  consultants  representing  bases  targeted  for  closing 


Courter  contrasts  his 

base-closing  work  with 

his  time  in  Congress, 

where  "year  after  year 

you're  debating  the 

same  issues  with  no 

measurable  impact." 


read  politics  into  Aspin's  recommenda- 
tions. "I  think  he  honestly  felt  there  was 
too  much  piling  up  on  Sacramento." 

The  Pentagon's  list,  in  fact,  reflected 
the  "Cheney-Bush  base  force"  and  not  the 
reductions  contemplated  by  the  current 
administration.  In  February,  Aspin  ordered 
the  Pentagon  to  come  up  with  another 
$14  billion  in  cuts  from  next  year's  budget, 
meaning  a  reduction  of  an  additional 
200,000  troops  from  the  armed  forces, 
which  already  are  shrinking  by  25  percent. 

"Almost  all  bases  that  are  going  to  be 
appealed  to  you  will  have  a  story  to  tell 
and  a  case  to  be  made,"  Aspin  told  com- 
mission members  at  their  first  hearing.  "If 
you  buy  into  their  criteria,  you  will  agree 
to  take  that  base  off  the  list.  Pretty  quick 
you  end  up  with  no  bases  on  the  list  at 
all."  And  Aspin  left  them  with  this  obser- 
vation: "I  don't  envy  you,  the  work  that 
you  are  undertaking  today,  but,  boy,  am  I 
glad  you're  doing  it." 

For  the  months  that  followed,  commis- 
sion members  visited  the  bases  under  con- 


sideration, and  the 
panel  scheduled  nine 
regional  hearings; 
Arlington  was  the 
first.  Its  final  list  was 
due  to  go  to  the 
president  by  July  1. 
He  can  pass  along 
the  recommenda- 
tions to  Congress  or 
(considered  unlikely) 
return  them  to  the 
commission  with  his 
reasons  for  disap- 
proval. After  they 
clear  his  desk,  the 
recommendations 
will  become  law  un- 
less they  are  reject- 
ed by  both  houses  of 
Congress.  Both  the 
president  and  the 
Congress  can  dis- 
patch the  recommendations  only  as  a  com- 
plete package;  the  recommendations  can't 
be  picked  apart.  "If  history  is  any  prece- 
dent, the  president  of  the  United  States 
and  the  Congress  will  in  fact  adopt  the 
work  of  the  Base  Closure  Commission," 
Courter  says. 

"The  commission  is  truly  independent," 
Courter  tells  his  sometimes  skeptical,  fre- 
quently concerned  interviewers.  "We're 
not  anybody's  rubber  stamp.  We  will  exer- 
cise our  own  independent  judgment  based 
on  the  selection  criteria,  while  being  very 
sympathetic  to  the  fact  that  what  we  do 
impacts  negatively  on  communities.  We're 
very  sensitive  to  that.  And  because  of  that, 
what  we  want  to  make  sure  of  is,  number 
one,  that  our  decisions  are  the  correct  ones 
and,  number  two,  that  they're  made  with 
all  the  best  available  data  and  information, 
and  number  three,  that  communities  are 
given  the  maximum  amount  of  lead  time  so 
they  have  an  opportunity  to  come  forward 
with  their  defense,  so  they  can  show  the 
military  need — the  essentialness  of  the  mis- 
sion that  is  carried  on  at  that  base  that 
can't  be  carried  on  as  well  somewhere  else." 
In  his  book,  Duke's  Richard  Stubbing 
reports  on  a  Pentagon  study  of  twelve  mili- 
tary installations:  "Not  only  have  the  local 
economies  not  suffered  the  severe  setbacks 
anticipated,  but  civilian  acquisition  and 
operation  have  had  unexpected  benefits.  In 
almost  every  case,  the  civilian  jobs  lost  be- 
cause of  the  base  closure  have  been  offset 
with  an  equal  or  greater  number  of  new 
jobs."  Stubbing  mentions  one-time  bases 
that  have  been  converted  into  industrial 
parks.  But  Courter  says  that  over  the  short 
term,  "There  are  tremendous  dislocations, 
and  it's  incumbent  on  the  government  to  do 
more  to  assist.  These  facilities  have  become 
a  very  integral  part  of  the  matrix  of  the  com- 


42 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


aiunity."  Communities  have  grown 
around  bases — in  part  because  the 
infrastructure  of  military  hospitals, 
commissaries,  and  base  exchanges  is 
often  a  lure  to  military  retirees. 

Not  every  area  is  possessive 
toward  the  military.  Courter's 
commission  added  the  Pacific 
island  of  Guam  to  its  list  of  bases 
to  be  considered  for  closing — 
despite  the  Navy's  contrary  senti- 
ment. It  was  the  governor  of 
Guam  who  lobbied  for  the  listing: 
The  Navy's  air  station  there,  if 
turned  over  to  civilian  control, 
would  feed  into  the  island's  plans 
to  expand  and  modernize  a  nearby 
international  airport. 

But  most  targeted  areas  won't 
join  the  list  of  losers  so  enthusias- 
tically; most  are  appalled,  in  fact, 
to  find  themselves  up  for  consider- 
ation. The  business-oriented  North  Caroli- 
na magazine  noted  with  relief  that  the 
mega-bases  of  Fort  Bragg  and  Camp  Leje- 
une  may  grow  rather  than  shrink  or  disap- 
pear with  realignment.  A  1992  study  esti- 
mated the  economic  impact  of  the  Camp 
Lejeune  Marine  Corps  Base  at  $1.1  billion 
annually;  for  Fort  Bragg,  the  figure  was 
$3.8  billion.  '"The  few,  the  proud'  may 
define  the  Marine  Corps,"  said  the  maga- 
zine, but  for  counties  with  a  large  military 
presence,  "the  watchwords  are  'the  more, 
the  better.'  " 

From  coast  to  coast,  civic  and  political 
leaders  agreed  that  the  military  must  cut 
costs,  but  found  it  convenient  to  criticize 
the  Pentagon  accounting  that  landed  their 
hometown  base  on  the  list.  To  save  an  Air 
Force  base  and  a  Navy  technical  center, 
New  Jersey  officials  enlisted,  as  a  paid  con- 
sultant, the  former  base  commander  dur- 
ing Desert  Storm.  Courter's  successor  in  a 
New  Jersey  congressional  seat  was  co-chair 
of  a  "Save  the  Center  Coalition."  In 
Charleston,  South  Carolina,  a  civic  coali- 
tion armed  with  nearly  $1  million  in  state, 
municipal,  and  business  contributions  hired 
a  Washington  law  firm  and  public  rela- 
tions company  to  challenge  the  closing  of 
several  Navy  installations.  Speakers  and  "a 
well-coached  audience  of  2,000  people,"  as 
The  New  York  Times  described  the  scene, 
held  three  "dress  rehearsals"  before  the  of- 
ficial commission  hearings  in  early  May. 

Charleston's  efforts,  as  it  turned  out, 
were  to  no  avail.  In  its  late-June  final 
deliberations,  Courter's  commission  deliv- 
ered what  South  Carolina  officials  com- 
pared to  Hurricane  Hugo  or  a  nuclear 
hit — a  verdict  to  close  both  a  Navy  station 
and  a  shipyard.  And  despite  the  show  of 
support  from  Ben  Lane  and  his  fellow  "It 
Doesn't  Make  Sense!"  partisans,  the  com- 
mission resolved  that  it  would  make  sense 


Halhvay  lobbying:  between  sessions,  Courter's  counsel  was  sought  by 
Virginia  senators  Chuck  Robb,  left,  andjohn  Warner 

to  close  Norfolk's  Naval  Aviation  Depot. 
For  his  part,  Courter  told  reporters  after 
the  vote,  "I  can  go  to  sleep  tonight  with 
no  guilty  conscience  whatsoever." 

(On  July  1,  President  Clinton  did  the 
expected  and  approved  the  Courter  com- 
mission's ultimate  recommendations:  to 
close  thirty-five  major  bases  and  expand  or 
reduce   twenty-seven  others.   To  cushion 


the  "traumatic"  economic  blow, 
the  president  proposed  a  five-year, 
$5-hillion  package  to  aid  hard-hit 
communities.  But  not  all  commu- 
nities were  soothed  into  silence: 
New  York  state  was  considering  a 
legal  challenge  to  fight  tiff  base 
closings.) 

Courter  sees  the  commission  as 
a  model  for  public  policy-making 
where  there  is  a  clear  goal,  a  spe- 
cific time  frame,  and  "paralysis"  or 
"intractable  gridlock"  created  by 
interest    groups.    Social    Security 
might    be    another   candidate   for 
the    unconventional,    and    unen- 
cumbered, use  of  an  independent 
t  body,  he  says.   "When  this  com- 
1  mission  was  created,  basically  the 
executive  branch  and  the  legisla- 
tive  branch   gave   up   real   power 
because  they  recognized  they  were 
at  an  impasse." 

"I  would  like  to  be  in  the  position  to  do 
some  other  public  service  in  my  life," 
Courter  says.  "Whether  I  would  ever  again 
want  to  be  the  chairman  of  the  base 
closure  commission,  I  don't  know.  I  would 
like  to  be  the  chairman  of  a  happy 
commission."  ■ 


.WOMEN'S 

STUDIES 


AT    DUKE    UNIVERSITY 
Announcing  a  Friends  of  Women's  Studies  meeting: 

FRIDAY,  OCTOBER  8, 1993 
Women's  Athletic  Club,  Chicago,  Illinois 

"Women  Across  the  Globe: 

Realities,  Aspirations, 

Connections" 


Brochures  for  this  day-long  event  featuring  Duke  faculty  and  alumnae 
will  be  mailed  to  Friends  of  Women's  Studies  in  the  Midwest  U.S.  in 
August.  Contact  Women's  Studies,  207  East  Duke  Building,  Box  90760, 
Durham  NC  27708, 919-684-5683  for  more  information. 


mly- August    1993 


Mural  detail:  Ponies 


uncovered  while  renovating 


HIDDEN 
ART 


While  renovating  the  second  floor 
of  the  East  Duke  Building  to 
create  a  new  office  for  emeritus 
president  H.  Keith  H.  Brodie,  a  construc- 
tion crew  uncovered  a  6-inch  by  54-inch 
portion  of  a  mural  painted  by  a  former 
Duke  professor. 

The  mural,  which  depicts  a  black  farmer 
wearing  blue  overalls  and  a  mustard  jacket, 
set  against  a  brown  field  and  blue  skies, 
was  hidden  behind  a  wall  removed  in  the 
renovation.  University  Archivist  William 
King  '61,  A.M.  '63,  Ph.D.  '70  says  that  the 
mural  would  not  be  a  good  project  for 
restoration  because  the  remainder  of  the 
artwork — actually  two  murals,  side  by 
side — has  been  covered  for  many  years 
with  plaster  and  paint. 

According  to  Arthur  Marx,  a  UNC- 
Chapel  Hill  art  professor,  the  mural  was 
painted  by  Clare  Leighton,  primarily 
known  as  a  book  illustrator  and  a  woodcut 
artist,  who  was  a  visiting  artist  at  Duke 
from  1943  to  1946,  and  Frances  Huemer 
'44,  who  is  an  emeritus  art  professor  at 
UNC-Chapel  Hill.  When  the  mural  was 
painted,  the  East  Duke  Building  housed 
classrooms,  auditoriums,  and  offices  for  the 
Woman's  College.  Leighton  died  in  1989 
at  the  age  of  eighty-eight. 


COMMUNITY 
CARING 


A  one-year,  $100,000  grant  from  the 
Carnegie  Foundation  will  be  used 
this  fall  at  Duke  to  establish  the 
Center  for  the  Study  of  Children  and 
Youth.  According  to  vice  president  and 
vice  provost  Leonard  Beckum,  who  devel- 
oped the  project,  the  center  will  be  the 
university's  first  comprehensive  effort  to 
assess  the  problems  of  Durham  youth. 

"There  are  a  lot  of  single-issue-focused 
programs  that  address  specific  problems  of 
children  and  youth,"  Beckum  says,  citing 
as  examples  those  concentrating  on  drug 
abuse  or  family  violence.  While  such  pro- 
grams are  often  successful  in  a  narrow 
sense,  Beckum  says,  a  broader,  coordinated 
approach  would  be  more  effective.  "Many  of 
these  programs  may  be  doing  good  work,  but 
they  don't  talk  to  each  other  and  often 
don't  know  they're  dealing  with  the  same 
kids." 

Beckum  envisions  working  within  both 
the  Duke  and  Durham  communities  to 
develop  the  center.  Citing  community 
outreach  programs  already  created  by  fac- 
ulty as  evidence  of  a  strong  support  base, 
Beckum  says  he  views  the  center  as  an 
opportunity  for  Duke  faculty  from  many 
disciplines  to  study  the  forces  that  affect 
young  people.  With  a  reported  85  percent 
volunteer  rate  among  Duke  students, 
Beckum  says  the  center  can  also  provide 
an  organized  way  for  students  and  faculty 
to  study  the  problems  of  local  youth. 

Beckum  says  he  has  begun  discussing 
potential  collaborative  projects  with  offi- 
cials of  the  Durham  public  schools. 


DOLLARS  AND 
SENSE 

Duke's  board  of  trustees  has  approved 
a  $939-million  operating  budget  for 
the  1993-94  fiscal  year,  up  8.4  per- 
cent from  the  previous  year.  The  budget 
includes  $422  million  for  the  university's 
academic  services,  administration,  and  gen- 
eral operations  and  $517  million  in  operat- 
ing expenses  for  Duke  Hospital.  It  was  the 
last  budget  prepared  by  the  administration 
of  Duke  president  H.  Keith  H.  Brodie. 


44 


The  new  budget  includes  a  6.5  percent 
undergraduate  tuition  increase,  to  $16,720 
for  arts  and  sciences  students  and  $17,810 
for  engineering  students.  Room  rates  will 
increase  an  average  of  9.7  percent  and 
board  plans  will  increase  by  5  percent. 

Despite  the  increasing  costs  of  financial 
aid,  laboratory,  computing,  and  other 
equipment  costs  and  deferred  mainte- 
nance, the  university's  policies  of  need- 
blind  admissions  and  meeting  100  percent 
of  demonstrated  financial  need  will  con- 
tinue under  the  1993-94  budget. 

The  trustees  gave  the  go-ahead  on  a 
$12.7-million  project  to  build  a  380-bed 
residence  hall  on  East  Campus  and  ap- 
proved a  $17.3-million,  1,800-car  parking 
garage  for  the  South  medical  complex. 
The  new  garage  will  replace  an  existing 
structure  that  will  be  demolished  to  make 
way  for  a  specialty  clinic  building. 

The  trustees  also  authorized  a  $2.8  mil- 
lion project  to  provide  television  and  data 
cable  in  2,800  dormitory  rooms  and  ap- 
proved extension  of  the  DukeNet  fiber- 
optic computer  communications  network 
to  campus  buildings  not  already  connect- 
ed, at  a  cost  of  $4.06  million. 


PRESIDENTIAL 
BEGINNINGS 

On  her  first  day  as  Duke's  eighth 
president — July  1 — Nannerl  O. 
Keohane  showed  the  high  energy 
level  for  which  she's  already  become 
renowned.  She  consulted  with  key  admin- 
istrators, talked  with  Durham  officials,  and 
fielded  questions  from  reporters  for  forty- 
five  minutes.  And,  as  a  local  newspaper 
put  it,  "that  was  all  before  lunch." 

Keohane  promised  a  hands-on,  interac- 
tive presidency.  She  will  live  at  the  Presi- 
dent's Guest  House  for  her  first  year,  is 
determined  to  bicycle  around  campus,  and 
plans  to  reach  out  often  to  constituencies 
on  and  off  campus.  "I  don't  think  anyone 
in  the  Allen  Building  wants  to  feel  sepa- 
rated from  the  rest  of  the  campus,"  she  said 
at  her  press  conference.  "But  sometimes 
it's  hard  to  remember  that  you  have  to  get 
out  and  meet  people  directly." 

Among  the  goals  she  talked  about  were 
evaluating  the  structure  of  the  administra- 
tion and  improving  administrative  efficien- 

DUKE   MAGAZINE 


Keohane:  the  new  president  sets  course  with  confide 


cy;  filling  a  number  of  top  posts,  including 
the  university's  provost  and  dean  of  the 
faculty  of  arts  and  sciences;  addressing 
morale  problems  within  the  university's 
work  force;  rejuvenating  undergraduate  life 
with  new  dormitory  construction,  initia- 
tives to  bridge  the  perceived  gap  between 
classroom  learning  and  outside-the-class- 
room  activities,  and  support  for  undergrad- 
uate involvement  in  scholarly  research; 
securing  funding  tor  the  Science  Research 
Center  now  under  construction;  reviving 
the  university's  strategic  planning  process, 
while  setting  financial  and  building  priori- 


ties; helping  the  medical  center  be  a  leader 
in  the  continuing  national  debate  on 
health  care;  and  improving  computer  and 
information  technology  on  campus. 

On  faculty  matters,  Keohane  told 
reporters  that  "1  want  to  work  with  the 
provost  and  the  deans  to  hire  the  people 
that  we  want  and,  just  as  importantly,  keep 
good  people  that  we  have  here."  She  said 
she'd  like  to  intensify  efforts  in  minority- 
faculty  hiring.  And  she  hopes  to  encour- 
age more  opportunities  in  experimental 
teaching — teaching  in  teams,  for  example. 
"We  want  faculty  to  see  teaching  as  part  of 
their  creativity  and  see  the  relationship 
between  research  and  their  teaching." 

Keohane  said  that  she  is  committed  to 
maintaining  need-blind  admission,  the 
policy  by  which  applicants  are  considered 
without  regard  to  their  ability  to  pay.  She 
also  said  she'll  explore  ways  to  limit 
tuition  increases. 

"I  would  expect,  in  a  couple  of  years, 
that  Duke  no  matter  what  happens,  will  be 
different,"  she  said.  "But  I  would  hope 
that  it  will  be  different  in  ways  that  people 
might  be  able  to  trace  with  some  degree  of 
confidence  to  decisions  that  I  and  mem- 
bers of  the  faculty  and  the  board  of  trustees 
and  the  administration  have  made." 

As  for  her  being  Duke's  first  female  presi- 
dent, Keohane  told  reporters  that  she 
doesn't  give  it  much  thought  and  hopes  that 
in  time  others  won't  either.  "1  would  hope 
there's  an  aspect  of  that  that  becomes  more 
settled,"  she  said.  "1  would  hope  that  alum- 
ni or  outside  observers  would  pretty  soon  get 
used  to  it  and  cease  to  think  it  odd." 

At  a  time  when  higher  education  gener- 
ally is  feeling  "rather  somber,"  she  said, 
"Duke  has  a  sense  of  resilience  and  a  sense 
of  optimism  that  I  find  quite  exciting." 


CULTIVATING  BLACK 
SCIENTISTS 

Talented  minority  undergraduates  from 
historically  black  colleges  and  uni- 
versities will  come  to  Duke  for  a  year 
of  study  in  the  sciences,  under  a  pilot  pro- 
gram funded  by  the  GE  Foundation  that  ad- 
dresses the  serious  lack  of  minority  faculty. 

Malcolm  Gillis,  former  dean  of  the  fac- 
ulty of  arts  and  sciences  and  now  president 
of  Rice  University,  says  that  the  program 
will  help  students  qualify  for  Ph.D.  pro- 
grams that  could  lead  them  to  careers  in 
academe.  "There  are  typically  many  quali- 
fied minority  students  who  apply  to 
M.B.A.  programs,  law  school,  and  medical 
school  because  they've  been  thinking  about 
such  professional  education  ever  since 
they  were  in  high  school,"  Gillis  says. 

"However,  very  few  people,  minorities  or 
otherwise,  in  the  early  stages  of  their 
undergraduate  education  think  about  enter- 
ing Ph.D.  programs.  So,  this  pilot  program 
aims  at  giving  them  this  outlook.  It  identi- 
fies and  encourages  talented  minority  stu- 
dents in  the  historically  black  colleges  and 
universities  that  lack  the  kind  of  laborato- 
ry and  science  facilities  required  to  bolster 
their  credentials  for  application  to  strong 
graduate  programs  in  the  sciences." 

Over  the  next  two  years,  the  pilot  pro- 
gram will  bring  three  or  four  junior-level 
students  to  Duke  each  year  to  study  for 
one  or  two  semesters.  The  students  will 
take  science  courses  and  tutorials  in  sci- 
ence writing,  data  analysis,  and  statistics 
before  returning  to  their  home  institutions 
to  receive  their  degrees. 


A  NIGHT-BLOOMING  ROSE 


\>^  1 


Charlie  Rose  '64,  LL.B. 
'68  has  come  a  long 
way  in  the  four  years 
since  he  was  last  profiled 
in  Duke  Magazine  [July- 
August  1989].  Previously 
host  of  Nightuatch,  a  late- 
night  show  for  news 
junkies,  he  moved  to  the 


filj-Augi 


Fox  network  in  1990  to 
host  Personalities. 

After  only  six  weeks 
there,  he  left  California  and 
returned  to  North  Carolina 
to  cultivate  the  farm  he  had 
purchased  in  1989.  After  a 
few  months  of  rest  and 
relaxation,  he  went  to 


WNETinNewYorkas 
host  of  his  own, 
eponymous,  show. 

Last  January,  Charlie 
Rose  became  nationally 
syndicated  on  PBS,  and  has 
received  respectable  ratings 
ever  since. 

In  a  recent  profile,  The 
New  Yorker's  James  Wol- 
cott  wrote,  "Elevating  din- 
ner-party chatter  to  a  city- 
wide  buzz,  Charlie  Rose 
[has  become)  the  conversa- 
tional nightcap  for  the  cul- 
tural elite."  Rose,  he  writes, 
has  become  "a  matinee  idol 
on  the  Manhattan  social 
stage." 

Critics  consider  Rose's 
show  distinctive  in  his 
efforts  to  engage  his  guests, 
who  frequently  include 


prominent  politicians  and 
theater  and  sports  personal- 
ities, in  a  live,  hour-long, 
two-way  conversation. 

Rose  is  quick  to  point  out 
his  Duke  connections. 
Trustee  Judy  Woodruff 
'68,  who  recently  left  the 
MocNeil-Lehrer  News- 
Hour  to  work  for  CNN, 
was  a  recent  guest. 
When  sports  author 
John  Feinstein  '77  was 
on  the  show,  they  (nat- 
urally) discussed  the 
current  state  of  Duke 
basketball.  And  when 
President  Clinton's 
Supreme  Court  nomi- 
nation was  the  hot 
topic  of  the  week, 
Rose  referred  to  presides 
tial  adviser  and  potential 


nominee  Walter  Dellinger 
as  "a  fine  Duke  law  profes- 


°UKE 


TRIALS  AND 
TRIBULATIONS 


Two  vaccine  candidates  for  the  preven- 
tion of  AIDS  in  humans  look 
promising,  says  the  director  of  Duke's 
Center  for  AIDS  Research,  and  if  they 
continue  to  do  well,  could  proceed  to 
large-scale  testing  next  year.  In  an  unrelat- 
ed report,  however,  a  Duke  doctor  says 
that  scientists  are  guilty  of  designing  pro- 
tective and  therapeutic  vaccines  without 
fully  understanding  how  the  virus  that 
causes  AIDS  works. 

Dani  Bolognesi  says  that  in  the  first 
phase  of  clinical  trials  in  human  volun- 
teers, two  vaccines  have  succeeded  in 
stimulating  immune  responses  that  begin 
to  approach  those  seen  in  people  infected 
by  the  human  immunodeficiency  virus 
(HIV),  which  causes  AIDS.  Although  the 
goal  of  an  effective  vaccine  is  to  improve 
on  a  person's  natural  immunity  to  HIV  in 
order  to  provide  protection,  such  a  good 
response  from  the  candidate  vaccines  is 
encouraging,  he  says. 

Bolognesi  directs  the  central  immunolo- 
gy laboratory  at  Duke  that  assesses  many  of 
the  HIV  vaccines  being  tested  in  the 
United  States.  The  lab,  funded  by  the 
National  Institute  of  Allergy  and  Infec- 


tious Diseases  (NIAID),  is  part  of  NIAID's 
AIDS  Vaccine  Clinical  Trials  Network. 

Barton  Haynes,  director  of  basic  re- 
search at  the  Duke  Center  for  AIDS  Re- 
search and  a  professor  of  medicine  who 
also  serves  on  several  national  HIV  vac- 
cine committees,  wrote  in  the  journal  Sci- 
ence in  May  that  the  result  of  a  critical 
lack  of  knowledge  about  how  HIV  works  is 
that  "there  is  no  preventive  HIV  vaccine 
on  the  near  horizon  with  clear  prospects 
for  clinical  use." 

Haynes  says  that  the  only  way  to  create 
a  completely  effective  HIV  vaccine  is  to 
have  "unprecedented"  cooperation  among 
U.S.  and  international  scientists,  govern- 
ment agencies,  industry,  communities,  and 
patient  advocacy  groups  to  help  answer 
key  scientific  and  social  questions.  Scien- 
tific questions  include  the  lack  of  an  ani- 
mal model  that  mirrors  human  HIV  infec- 
tion, the  many  different  strains  of  HIV, 
and  the  health  risks  of  "live"  HIV  vac- 
cines. Social  issues  include  confidentiality 
questions,  the  risk  of  false  positives  result- 
ing from  the  vaccines,  and  the  false  sense 
of  security  that  may  be  created  from  the 
presence  of  a  vaccine,  which  might  lead  to 
more  high-risk  behavior. 

"The  U.S.  government  should  take  the 
lead  in  ensuring  adequate  funding  for  pre- 
ventive   and    therapeutic    HIV    vaccine 


research,  in  providing  funding  for  HIV 
behavioral  research,  in  resolving  HIV  vac- 
cine liability  issues,  and  in  implementing  a 
comprehensive  HIV  preventive  program 
for  all  Americans,"  Haynes  says. 


IN  BRIEF 


■  John  Wesley  Chandler  B.D.  '52,  Ph.D. 
'54,  a  former  president  of  Williams  College 
and  the  Association  of  American  Colleges, 
was  elected  chair  of  Duke's  board  of 
trustees  for  1993-94-  Chandler  has  been  a 
trustee  since  1985  and  recently  headed  the 
presidential  search  committee  that  recom- 
mended Nannerl  O.  Keohane  as  Duke's 
eighth  president.  John  A.  Koskinen  '61, 
president  and  chief  executive  officer  of 
The  Palmieri  Co.  in  Washington,  D.C., 
was  elected  vice  chair. 

■  Ralph  Snyderman  was  unanimously 
reappointed  by  Duke  trustees  as  chancellor 
for  health  affairs  and  dean  of  the  school  of 
medicine  through  June  1997,  on  recom- 
mendation from  both  outgoing  president 
H.  Keith  H.  Brodie  and  incoming  presi- 
dent Nannerl  O.  Keohane.  The  three-year 
appointment  follows  a  review  by  a  faculty 
committee,  a  practice  established  in  1982 


WHEN  YOU'RE  NAMED  FOR 
DURHAM'S  MOST  FAMOUS  FAMILY 
YOU'RE  EXPECTED  TO  BE  SPECIAL 

Since  the  late  1800s,  the  Duke  family  name 
has  been  closely  associated  with  excellence 
and  achievement.  Today  the  tradition  con- 
tinues at  the  Washington  Duke  Inn  &  Golf 
Club.  Situated  at  the  edge  of  Duke  Univer- 
sity's campus,  Durham's  first  deluxe  hotel 
offers  171  luxurious  guest  rooms  and  suites. 
Enjoy  international  fine  dining  at  the  Fairview 
Restaurant.  Relax  with  a  drink  and  good 
conversation  at  the  Bull  Durham  Bar.  And, 
although  the  Duke  University  golf  course 
will  be  undergoing  a  facelift,  golfers  can  look 
forward  to  the  grand  re-opening  of  a  more 
beautiful  and  improved  course  in  Spring  1994. 
Whether  you're  visiting  the  university  or 
planning  a  getaway  you'll  feel  like  a  special 
guest  in  a  gracious  Southern  home.  Call  us 
at  (919)  490-0999  or  (800)  445-3855. 


'?#„ny 


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Inn  &  Golf  Club 

3001  Cameron  Boulevard  •  Durham,  NC  27706 

(919)  490-0999  •  Fax  (919)  688-0105 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


for  all  university  officers  who  seek  reap- 
pointment. Snyderman's  prospective  reap- 
pointment generated  considerable  com- 
ment— favorable  and  critical — in  the  local 
press.  He  said  he  sought  reappointment  for 
less  than  the  normal  five-year  term  to  give 
the  new  president  "maximum  flexibility 
while  at  the  same  time  providing  adequate 
time  to  complete  the  major  initiatives  of 
our  long-range  plan." 

■  E.  Roy  Weintraub,  professor  of  eco- 
nomics, became  dean  of  the  faculty  of  arts 
and  sciences  on  July  1.  Weintraub,  twice 
chair  of  the  faculty's  Academic  Council, 
took  over  from  Malcolm  Gillis,  who  be- 
came president  of  Rice  University  in  July. 
Formerly  chair  of  the  economics  depart- 
ment, Weintraub  has  represented  the  fac- 
ulty on  the  president's  Advisory  Commit- 
tee on  Resources,  the  provost's  Academic 
Priorities  Committee,  and  the  Long-Range 
Planning  Steering  Committee. 

■  Charles  Clotfelter  '69,  professor  of 
public  policy  studies  and  economics,  has 
been  appointed  vice  provost  for  academic 


programs,  effective  August  1.  He  will  assist 
the  provost  with  academic  planning  and 
in  developing  policy  for  such  academic 
services  as  enrollment,  admissions,  finan- 
cial aid,  student  records,  and  institutional 
research.  Clotfelter  succeeds  Paula  P. 
Burger  '67,  A.M.  '74,  who  left  Duke  to 
become  vice  provost  for  academic  pro- 
grams at  Johns  Hopkins  University. 

■  Brenda  Kirton  M.Div.  '91,  a  chaplain 
intern  with  the  pastoral  care  program  at 
Duke  Medical  Center,  has  been  named 
campus  minister  for  Duke's  black  campus 
ministries.  A  thirty-three-year-old  native 
of  the  South  American  country  of  Guyana 
and  an  ordained  Baptist  minister,  Kirton 
will  work  with  black  students  of  all  origins 
and  religions  and  will  not  represent  any 
one  denomination.  Her  part-time  position 
was  previously  held  by  a  student  intern; 
the  internship  still  exists  but  the  intern 
will  now  serve  as  Kirton's  assistant. 


GRAPPLING  WITH 
GREEN  PRIORITIES 

For  Dato  Adeishvili,  the 
best  way  to  save  his 
native  country  of  Georgia 
was  to  leave.  Adeishvili,  a 
thirty-four-year-old  economist 
and  environmentalist  from  the 
Georgia  Republic's  capital  of 
Tbilisi,  intends  to  return  home 
in  September,  but  not  before 
he  has  gained  the  tools  neces- 
sary to  assist  the  former  Soviet 
republic's  transition  to  a  mar- 
ket economy. 

Last  October,  Adeishvili 
came  to  Duke  on  a  Benjamin 
Franklin  Fellowship  from  the 
U.S.  Information  Agency.  His 
goal  was  to  leam  about  the 
benefits  and  perils  of  a  capital- 
ist economy  through  Duke's 
Professional  Development 
Program  in  Economics,  Envi- 
ronment, and  Political  Science. 
The  one-year,  non-degree  pro- 
gram allows  him  to  take  gradu- 
ate courses  in  these  three  inter- 
related disciplines. 

These  courses  are  no  remote 
intellectual  exercise  for 
Adeishvili:  They  will  make  up 
the  mental  road  map  for  a  man 
trying  to  redirect  the  destiny  of 
a  nation.  And  Georgia  will  not 
be  a  clone  of  the  American 
mass  consumption  society,  if  he 
has  his  way.  "My  ideal  system  is 
a  market  regulated  by  green 
priorities,"  he  says.  "I  consider 
myself  part  of  this  new  move- 
ment, this  new  economics." 


Adeishvili's  awareness  of  the 
intertwined  concerns  of  poli- 
tics, economics,  and  the  envi- 
ronment crystallized  during  a 
1989  popular  protest  against  a 
woefully  inefficient  Soviet  dam 
project  that  would  have  laid  to 
waste  a  large  part  of  Georgia. 
The  protest  was  a  simultaneous 
expression  of  autonomy,  eco- 
nomic rationality,  and  environ- 
mental responsibility. 

Since  achieving  indepen- 
dence, Georgia  has  followed 
the  pattern  of  many  former 
Socialist  countries  by  descend- 
ing into  ethnic  conflict.  But 
Adeishvili  kept  his  eyes  on  the 
future.  He  helped  found  the 
Georgian  Green  Party  and  the 
Caucasian  Institute  for  Peace, 
Democracy,  and  Development, 
a  political  and  academic  think 
tank. 

Adeishvili  admits  that  he  has 
taken  time  to  enjoy  the  com- 
forts available  to  Duke 
students  and  Americans  in 
general.  He  shops  at  Northgate 
Mall,  swims  in  a  pool  near  his 
Central  Campus  apartment, 
and  jogs  regularly  through  the 
Sarah  P.  Duke  Gardens.  But 
intensive  courses,  workshops, 
and  conferences  have  taught 
him  the  environmental  costs  of 
basing  an  economy  on  conve- 
nience and  the  unbridled  con- 
sumption of  resources. 

"From  an  environmental 


AJc'ishi'ili:  /earning  the  i 
o/  envmmmentalism 

standpoint,  this  lifestyle  is  very 
dangerous....  But  I  feel  how 
difficult  it  is  to  change,"  he 
says,  gesturing  to  the  styro- 
foam  cups  and  paper  plates  in 
his  own  apartment. 

After  spending  the  summer 
working  for  an  international 
environmental  consulting  firm, 
Adeishvili  plans  to  rejoin  his 
wife,  Ha  tuna ,  a  journalist,  and 
their  baby  daughter  in  Georgia, 
where  he  will  finish  his  doc- 
toral dissertation  and  continue 
the  work  of  modernizing  the 
Georgian  economy. 

— James  Shifter 


Emanuel  Azenberg 
presents 


NEIL  SIMON'S 

LAUGHTER 

ON  THE 

23RDFL00R 

DIRECTED  BY 

JERRY  ZAKS 


Neil  Simon  Returns 

for 

The  Theatrical  Event 
of  the  Year 


October  16-30, 1993 

R  J.  Reynolds  Industries  Theater 

Bryan  Center 
DUKE  UNIVERSITY 

A  World  Premiere 

Of  the  Full  Broadway 

Prodution  Prior  to  Its 

New  York  Opening 

Tickets  on  Sale  August  16 

Call  Page  Box  Office, 

(919)  684-4444 

For  advance  mail  order  forms 

and  group  discount 

information,  (919)  684-2911 

A  DUKE  UNIVERSITY 
PRESENTATION 


July-August    i  993 


WOMEN'S  SPORTS 

Continued  from  page  1 6 


"We  have  a  limited  number  of  grants-in- 
aid  available,"  says  Alleva.  "We  have  to 
try  to  evaluate  in  which  sports  the  money 
will  provide  the  best  results." 

In  the  area  of  operating  and  recruiting 
budgets,  the  national  picture  is  not  a  pret- 
ty one.  A  1992  study  by  the  NCAA  found 
that  men's  teams  receive  77  percent  of 
operating  budget  dollars  and  83  percent  of 
the  recruiting  budget  dollars.  Duke  fares 
only  a  little  better:  The  women's  operating 
budget  of  about  $850,000  represents  nearly 
27  percent  of  the  money  spent  on  all 
sports — still  a  substantial  increase  in  Duke's 
financial  commitment  to  women's  athlet- 
ics. Just  two  years  ago,  according  to  The 
Chronicle  of  Higher  Education,  Duke  was 
spending  only  about  20  percent  of  its  ath- 
letic dollars  on  women's  teams.  Alleva 
points  out,  however,  that  the  figures  are 
again  skewed  by  football,  and  a  compari- 
son of  similar  sports  paints  a  more  accurate 
picture.  "Comparable  sports,  like  men's  and 
women's  tennis,  soccer,  fencing,  golf  and 
swimming,"  says  Alleva,  "receive  exactly 
the  same  operating  budgets." 

Men's  and  women's  basketball  at  Duke 
are  a  different  story.  "The  women's  basket- 
ball budget  has  been  upgraded  consider- 
ably," says  Alleva.  "There  are  simply 
things  that  the  men  have  to  do,  as  a  result 
of  their  success  and  the  success  of  the  sport 
in  general,  that  the  women  have  not  had 
to  do  yet.  But  when  the  time  comes,  we'll 
put  the  money  there  for  the  women  to  do 
those  things." 

Gail  Goestenkors,  who  came  to  Duke 
before  last  season  as  head  coach  of 
women's  basketball,  has  no  complaints 
about  the  way  her  program  is  treated  finan- 
cially at  Duke.  "Since  I  came  here,  we 
have  had  new  uniforms,  new  warm-ups, 
and  we  have  had  the  practice  times  we 
want,"  she  says.  "We  have  been  treated  in 
a  first-class  manner.  I  wanted  to  be  in  a  sit- 
uation where  I  could  be  successful  and 
where  I  knew  I  would  have  the  support  to 
do  so.  Tom  Butters  has  been  great.  He 
asked  what  I  needed  to  be  successful.  I  feel 
very  fortunate  because  there  are  a  select 
few  institutions  that  have  made  that  kind 
of  commitment  to  women's  basketball." 

Geoff  Macdonald,  head  coach  of  the 
women's  tennis  team,  agrees  that  Duke  has 
put  out  its  best  effort  in  support  of 
women's  teams.  "My  financial  budget  is 
absolutely  first-class,"  he  says.  "I  am  at  the 
limit  in  terms  of  the  number  of  scholar- 
ships I  can  have  for  my  team:  eight.  That's 
more  than  the  men's  team." 

When  the  women's  soccer  team  began, 
Currie  and  Leland  were  both  surprised  and 
impressed  by  the  effort  put  forth  by  the 


university.  "We  met  a  lot  of  initial  resis- 
tance to  the  idea  of  going  varsity,"  says 
Leland.  "We  did  a  lot  of  research  and 
made  a  great  case  for  elevating  the  pro- 
gram. And  once  the  decision  was  made, 
they  were  very  supportive  of  us  and  gave  us 
everything  we  needed  for  that  first  season. 
We  had  access  to  facilities,  equipment, 
trainers,  everything."  Leland  recalled  one 
moment  when  she  was  waiting  to  be  taped 
in  the  training  room  before  a  game,  and 
one  of  the  stars  of  the  men's  basketball 
team  came  in  to  be  taped.  "The  trainer 
told  him  he  had  to  wait  until  I  was  fin- 
ished. That  was  when  I  knew  we  were 
being  treated  equally." 

"Our  athletics  director,  our  president, 
everyone  here  at  Duke  believes  that  ath- 
letics play  an  important  role  in  the  life  of 
the  university,"  says  Alleva.  "We  need  the 
support  of  the  university.  The  athletics 
department  does  not  make  money,  despite 
the  revenue  generated  by  football  and 
men's  basketball.  There  aren't  more  than 
nine  or  ten  schools  in  the  country  that 
break  even.  The  university  subsidizes  us, 
and  it  has  been  wise  enough  to  realize  that 
athletics  is  a  good  investment." 

It  is  an  investment  that  would  not  be  as 
easy  without  the  relative  strength  of  Duke's 
budgetary  situation.  Schools  around  the 
country  are  struggling  to  find  ways  to 
avoid  cutting  sports  as  a  money-saving  op- 
tion. State  schools  are  in  a  particularly  dif- 
ficult situation,  since  they  depend  upon 
state  funds  to  support  their  teams.  With 
many  states  in  a  budget  crisis,  those 
schools  are  taking  heavy  hits.  Across-the- 
board  cuts  implemented  by  the  University 
of  Maine,  and  similar  cuts  by  the  Universi- 
ty of  Massachusetts,  have  forced  those 
schools  to  streamline  their  sports  programs, 
often  by  eliminating  entire  teams. 

While  Title  IX  has  led  to  controversy 
on  the  college  level,  it  can  be  seen  as  an 
overwhelming  success  for  younger  athletes. 
Goestenkors  sees  Title  IX  as  opening  the 
door  for  girls  at  the  elementary  and  sec- 
ondary school  level.  "When  I  was  in  ele- 
mentary school,"  she  says,  "there  simply 
wasn't  the  opportunity  to  play  basketball. 
Now  there  are  more  and  more  opportuni- 
ties, and  they  come  at  an  earlier  age.  Girls 
are  getting  interested  in  basketball  and  in 
many  other  sports  at  the  elementary  level, 
and  their  skills  and  experience  improve  as 
they  get  better  instruction  at  the  middle- 
school  and  high-school  level."  Statistics 
back  up  Goestenkors'  claims:  Since  the 
passage  of  Title  IX,  the  number  of  female 
high  school  athletes  has  increased  600  per- 
cent, to  a  figure  near  two  million  today. 

Leland  and  Currie  both  started  playing 
soccer  when  they  were  very  young,  but 
neither  really  planned  to  play  in  college. 
"Actually,  I  have  to  admit  that  I  didn't 


know  that  there  was  no  team  at  Duke  until 
I  got  here,"  says  Currie.  "I  couldn't  believe 
it.  It  just  seemed  so  stupid  not  to  have  one. 
The  men's  program  was  successful  [they 
won  the  national  title  in  1986],  the  fields 
were  there,  the  interest  was  there,  and 
there  was  plenty  of  competition  in  the 
area."  Leland  and  Currie  both  joined  the 
club  team  during  the  first  year  at  Duke, 
and  by  the  next  year  they  realized  that  it 
was  time  to  advance  the  program. 

"We  were  getting  letters  all  the  time 
from  high  school  girls  around  the  country 
who  wanted  to  play  varsity  soccer  at 
Duke,"  says  Currie.  "And  we  would  have 
to  write  them  back  and  say,  sorry,  but  we 
don't  have  a  team.  When  we  went  before 
the  Athletic  Council  to  plead  our  case,  we 
told  them  that  we  had  girls  who  wanted  to 
come  to  Duke,  but  they  were  going  to  Yale 
and  Harvard  and  Brown  to  play  soccer.  I 
think  that  woke  them  up.  From  then  on, 
they  were  committed." 

The  combination  of  Duke's  commitment 
to  women's  sports  and  the  increased  op- 
portunities at  younger  levels  has  paid  off 
for  the  Blue  Devils.  Highlighted  by  the 
soccer  team's  successful  run,  1992-93  was  a 
banner  year  for  women's  sports.  The  field 
hockey  team  received  its  first-ever  bid  to 
the  national  tournament  last  fall,  and  won 
a  first-round  game.  The  volleyball  team 
captured  its  second  consecutive  ACC  title, 
and  its  fifth  overall.  The  golf  team  was 
ranked  among  the  top  ten  for  much  of  the 
year,  and  the  tennis  team  reached  the  top 
three.  Overall,  the  women  matched  or  sur- 
passed the  success  of  the  men's  teams. 

Women's  sports  began  in  earnest  at 
Duke  at  the  beginning  of  the  1970s.  In 
1970-71,  teams  in  volleyball,  fencing,  bas- 
ketball, and  tennis  all  played  intercolle- 
giate games,  though  not  with  official  varsi- 
ty status.  Swimming  began  the  following 
year,  and  in  1972-73,  the  first  athletic 
scholarships  were  offered  to  women  in  vol- 
leyball, tennis,  and  basketball.  By  1975, 
Duke  was  fielding  official  varsity  teams  in 
seven  sports,  including  gymnastics,  field 
hockey,  and  golf,  which  began  when  the 
fencing  team  folded  from  lack  of  interest. 
The  fencing  team  returned  in  1980,  and 
has  had  several  successful  seasons.  Gym- 
nastics was  discontinued  in  1984,  but  that 
season  also  brought  the  beginning  of  the 
indoor  and  outdoor  track  and  cross  coun- 
try teams.  Soccer  completed  the  list  in 
1988,  and  has  rapidly  ascended  to  the  top. 

Other  sports  have  seen  remarkable  suc- 
cess over  the  years.  Swimmer  Nancy 
Hogshead  '86  went  on  to  Olympic  glory. 
The  1986-87  basketball  team  advanced  to 
the  NCAA  tournament,  winning  a  first- 
round  game  before  bowing.  The  volleyball 
team  has  received  four  berths  to  the 
national  tournament. 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


None  of  the  many  successes  of  the 
women's  teams  at  Duke  can  compare  with 
the  achievements  of  the  men's  basketball 
program.  But  fan  interest  in  women's  basket- 
ball is  increasing  on  a  national  level,  and 
Goestenkors  likes  what  she  sees.  This  year's 
Women's  Final  Four  was  completely  sold 
out,  and  schools  like  Vanderbilt,  Stanford, 
and  Tennessee  routinely  fill  their  arenas 
for  women's  games. 

Goestenkors  believes  that  tan  interest  is 
increasing  as  people  recognize  the  quality 
of  play  that  women  are  displaying. 
"People  who  haven't  seen  a  women's 
game  in  a  long  time  think  we  are  still 
playing  the  game  we  were  playing  ten 
years  ago,"  she  says.  "The  sport  is 
nothing  like  it  was  then.  We  have 
people  in  the  sport  who  have  dunked 
in  practice.  It  hasn't  been  done  in  a 
game,  but  when  it  happens,  I  think 
you'll  see  interest  take  off." 

But  if  basketball,  the  women's  sport 
with  the  highest  profile,  is  having 
trouble  with  fan  interest,  what  about 
the  so-called  "little"  sports?  Macdon- 
ald  is  often  frustrated  by  the  obscurity 
in  which  his  highly-ranked  tennis 
team  toils.  "We  need  to  do  a  better 
job  of  getting  the  college  community 
involved  in  what  we  are  doing,"  says 
Macdonald,  "so  that  they  will  want  to 
come  out  and  see  for  themselves. 
There  are  a  few  women's  tennis  pro- 
grams that  get  a  thousand  people  out 
to  sit  in  the  sun  for  three,  four,  five 
hours  to  watch  a  match.  I  have 
thought  a  lot  about  how  to  do  that 
here  at  Duke.  I  just  don't  think  peo- 
ple realize  that  we  play  an  extremely 
high  level  of  competition." 

Both  Macdonald  and  Goestenkors 
point  to  media  coverage  as  an  impor- 
tant part  of  the  process  of  increasing  at- 
tention and  interest  in  women's  sports. 
"The  press  really  gives  us  the  short 
end  of  the  stick,"  says  Goestenkors,  "and  I 
think  we  have  a  long  way  to  go.  But  I 
think  people  in  the  press  report  on  what  is 
of  interest  to  the  general  public."  The 
media  are  beginning  to  react  to  the 
increased  interest  in  women's  basketball. 
CBS  has  been  televising  the  women's  na- 
tional semifinals  and  championship 
game  in  recent  years,  and  last  season 
broadcast  an  occasional  regular  season 
contest  as  well. 

"I  think  the  media  are  slowly  changing," 
says  Macdonald.  "But  people  who  value 
women's  sports  need  to  attend  the  games. 
They  need  to  call  their  newspapers  and 
television  stations  when  there  isn't  enough 
coverage." 

Another  area  of  concern  among  advo- 
cates of  equity  in  women's  sports  is  coach- 
ing opportunities.  Sports  Illustrated  reports 


that  in  1992,  women  coached  only  48  per- 
cent of  women's  teams,  and  made  up  just 
17  percent  of  athletics  administrators. 
While  men  make  up  more  than  half  the 
coaches  of  women's  teams,  barely  1  per- 
cent of  men's  teams  are  coached  by 
women.  Pay  for  female  coaches  is  only 
about  half  of  what  it  is  for  male  coaches, 
and  male  assistants  make,  on  average,  four- 
and-a-half  times  what  female  assistants 
make.  Goestenkors  believes  the  time  has 
come  for  a  woman  to  coach  a  men's  bas- 


Ace  player:  Julie  Exwn  credits  I  hike  for  creating 
"a  great  atmosphere  fur  its  women  athletes" 

ketball  team.  "There  are  a  number  of  very 
qualified  women  out  there,"  she  says.  "I 
don't  see  any  difference.  But  it  will  take  an 
athletics  director  willing  to  break  new 
ground." 

As  women's  sports  break  new  ground, 
the  pressure  on  coaches — and  their  turn- 
over rate — has  grown.  "As  administrators 
make  the  financial  commitment,"  says 
Goestenkors,  "the  wins  and  losses  become 
more  and  more  important.  Also,  recruiting 
has  really  turned  into  a  battle  in  recent 
years.  Some  of  the  coaches  who  have  been 
around  a  long  time  are  simply  tired  of  the 
pressure,  the  travel,  the  recruiting,  and  are 
leaving  coaching." 

"Winning  is  important,"  says  Alleva. 
"You  play  to  provide  a  good  experience, 
discipline,  hard  work — all  that  is  true.  But 
to  have  a  good  time,  winning  is  important. 


It  isn't  life  and  death,  though.  I  have  been 
at  Duke  for  fourteen  years,  and  we  have 
not  fired  a  women's  coach  for  losing." 

The  increased  pressure  on  women's 
coaches  to  win  games,  increase  fans,  make 
money,  and  get  media  coverage  has  raised 
concerns  about  just  how  far  women's  sports 
should  go  in  their  efforts  to  emulate  men's 
programs.  Some  supporters  of  women's  ath- 
letics are  concerned  that  the  result  could 
be  an  increase  in  the  problems  that  run 
rampant  in  men's  sports — issues  like  viola- 
tions of  NCAA  rules  that  result  in 
sanctions,  and  poor  graduation  rates. 
But  most  advocates  of  women's 
rights  believe  that  it  is  worth  taking 
the  chance,  that  the  benefits  of 
increasing  the  profile  of  women's 
sports  outweigh  the  possible  pitfalls. 

Despite  the  many  challenges  and 
frustrations  facing  women's  athletics 
in  the  1990s,  administrators,  coaches 
and  athletes  at  Duke  all  agree  that  the 
university  creates  a  positive  atmos- 
phere for  women's  sports,  an  atmos- 
phere that  is  likely  to  improve  in  the 
future.  "I  loved  my  experience  with 
athletics  at  Duke,"  says  tennis  team 
member  Julie  Exum  '93,  "and  I  think 
it  taught  me  things  that  spilled  over 
into  other  aspects  of  my  life.  Working 
hard  to  achieve  my  goals  on  the  court 
has  carried  over  in  the  classroom. 
Though  we  still  have  a  ways  to  go,  I 
think  Duke  creates  a  great  atmosphere 
for  its  women  athletes." 

"The  future  looks  great,"  says  Alle- 
va. "First  of  all,  the  physical  plant — 
the  fields,  courts,  and  stadiums — are 
all  paid  for  and  well-maintained.  And 
Duke's  budget  is  healthy  enough  that 
1  I  just  don't  think  we  have  to  worry 
I  about  having  to  cut  sports  down  the 
road.    The    institutional    support    is 
there.  We  are  going  to  continue  to 
strive    for    equity    in    the    financial 
aspects,  and  to  see  that  turn  into  contin- 
ued success  on  the  fields." 

Currie  and  Leland  are  proud  of  the  part 
they  played  in  the  effort  to  further 
women's  sports  at  Duke,  particularly  now 
that  their  team  has  become  so  successful. 
"I  was  so  happy  when  they  made  it  to  the 
finals,"  says  Currie.  "I  feel  like  it  vindicat- 
ed us,  for  all  the  people  who  said  we 
couldn't  do  it  or  shouldn't  do  it.  When  I 
come  back  now  to  see  a  game,  I  see  how 
everyone  just  takes  it  for  granted,  nobody 
considers  the  team  new  anymore.  But  we 
put  so  much  work  into  getting  the  program 
to  varsity  status,  it  was  such  a  psychologi- 
cal burden.  It  was  our  child,  and  now  they 
are  so  good!  It's  really  incredible."  ■ 


Townsend  is  a  frequent,  contributor  a  the  magazine. 


July -August    1993 


Play  Ball:  The  Life  and  Troubled 
Times  of  Major  League  Baseball. 

By  John  Feinstein  '77.  New  York:  Villard 
Books,  1993.  425  pp.  $22.50. 


If  you've  read  A  Season  on  the  Brink, 
the  first  sports  book  by  John  Fein- 
stein '77,  you'll  never  forget  it. 
Bob  Knight,  the  larger-than-life 
University  of  Indiana  basketball 
coach,  lurches  off  the  page  and 
into  your  den,  chomping  on  apple 
pie  and  screaming  at  you  to  get 
your  feet  off  the  couch.  Long  may  he  rave. 
By  contrast,  the  characters  in  Feinstein's 
latest  book,  Play  Ball:  The  Life  and  Troubled 
Times  of  Major  League  Baseball,  tiptoe  in 
from  the  porch,  stay  for  a  minute  or  two, 
and  then  leave  before  the  coffee  has  a 
chance  to  cool.  Polite,  yes.  Memorable,  no. 
The  longtime  baseball  observer  Roger 
Angell  has  the  rare  ability  to  distill  a  sea- 
son into  a  few  offbeat,  meaningful 
vignettes.  Feinstein  does  the  opposite,  pre- 
ferring to  fast-forward  through  just  about 
everything  that  happens  in  baseball  in 
1992.  It's  like  gorging  at  the  all-you-can- 
eat  buffet  at  the  Ole  North  Carolina  Bar- 
becue: Individually,  the  ham  and  the 
turkey  and  the  slow-cooked  pork  may  be 
delicious,  but  if  you  have  them  all  at  once, 
you  start  to  feel  a  little  woozy. 

Feinstein's  you-are-there  reporting,  honed 
at  The  Chronicle,  The  Washington  Post, 
Sports  Illustrated,  and  The  National  sports 
daily,  is  nothing  if  not  thorough,  and  he 
adequately  narrates  the  jumble  of  events 
that  constitute  the  long  campaign.  For  a 
channel-surfing  baseball  junkie,  it's  great. 
Here  we  are  at  spring  training,  opening 
day,  the  all-star  game,  the  playoffs,  and  the 
World  Series.  The  picture  jumps  and  skips 
as  we  flip  here  and  there,  meeting  people 
and  dealing  with  weighty  subjects  a  few 
pages,  a  few  paragraphs,  or  a  few  sentences 
at  a  time.  Some  are  colorful,  some  are  bor- 
ing, some  we  can't  quite  figure  out. 

Three  New  York  Mets  are  accused  of 
rape.  Click.  Racism  in  baseball  is  a  bad 
thing.  Click.  Barry  Bonds  is  a  high-priced 
jerk.  Click.  Star  players  and  the  media 
have  an  uneasy  coexistence.  Click.  What  a 
shame  Dave  Stewart  left  the  Oakland 
Athletics  for  the  Toronto  Blue  Jays.  Click. 
Forget  it;  it's  time  to  move  on. 


Still,  there  are  some  remarkable  moments. 
Here's  the  aging  catcher  Carlton  Fisk,  bit- 
terly complaining  about  the  lack  of  respect 
shown  him  by  the  Chicago  White  Sox. 
Here's  Gary  Sheffield,  the  San  Diego 
Padres'  brilliant  young  hitter,  in  the  midst 
of  a  near-Triple  Crown  season,  opening  up 
about  his  miserable  previous  life  with  the 
Milwaukee  Brewers.  Here's  Tony  LaRussa, 
the  manager  of  the  A's,  and  Jim  Leyland, 
the  manager  of  the  Pittsburgh  Pirates,  chat- 


ting with  Feinstein  about  themselves  and 
their  friendship.  Here's  the  usually  bland 
Cal  Ripken,  Jr.,  reminiscing  about  one  of 
his  proudest  accomplishments:  staring 
down  the  renowned  trial  lawyer  Edward 
Bennett  Williams,  then  the  owner  of  Rip- 
ken's team,  the  Baltimore  Orioles. 

Three  trades  are  covered  from  the  inside 
out:  Sheffield  from  the  Brewers  to  the 
Padres,  Jose  Canseco  from  the  A's  to  the 
Texas  Rangers,  and  David  Cone  from  the 
Mets   to   the   Blue   Jays.   The   top-secret 


negotiations  are  painstakingly  reconstructed 
and  fun  to  read. 

But  for  every  Technicolor  insight,  there's 
a  bullpen  full  of  sketches  in  black  and 
white.  What  makes  Bo  go?  We  don't  know. 
On  the  flip  side,  we  know  too  much  about 
the  cacophony  of  controversy  surrounding 
the  Detroit  Tigers'  broadcast  booth. 
Beloved  ol'  Ernie  Harwell  is  fired,  then  ulti- 
mately rehired.  Do  we  really  have  to  tune 
in  to  this  soap  opera  over  and  over  again? 
The  book's  title  promises  a 
sobering  look  at  an  institution 
in  crisis.  "It  has  become  increas- 
ingly difficult  to  turn  on  the 
television  or  go  to  the  ballpark 
and  enjoy  the  simple  pleasure  of 
the  national  pastime,"  Feinstein 
writes  in  the  introduction.  Yet,  we 
learn  that  so-and-so  the  manag- 
er is  a  great  guy.  As  is  so-and-so 
the  executive,  and  so-and-so  the 
player,  and  so-and-so  the  umpire, 
even  so-and-so  the  mascot.  The 
owners,  led  by  the  evil  Allan  H. 
"Bud"  Selig  of  Milwaukee,  are 
the  only  real  so-and-sos,  for  fir- 
ing the  saintly  commissioner. 
Well,  here's  the  rest  of  that 
story:  Francis  T.  Vincent  Jr.  was 
a  so-and-so,  too. 

Amazingly  enough,  if  you  ig- 
nore the  principals'  posturing  and 
doomsaying,  and  if  you  can  get 
past  the  layer  of  cash  that  covers 
the  game  like  guano,  lo  and 
behold,  the  simple  pleasure  of 
the  former  national  pastime  is  as 
enjoyable  as  it's  ever  been.  Fein- 
stein finds  it  all  over  the  place 
during  his  mad  dash  around 
North  America — in  Kirby  Puck- 
ett,  the  happy-go-lucky  center- 
fielder  of  the  Minnesota  Twins;  in  Felipe 
Alou,  the  serene  manager  of  the  Montreal 
Expos;  even  in  the  gyrations  of  one  David 
Raymond,  the  Phillie  Phanatic. 

A  pox  on  all  the  empty  suits.  Baseball 
could  use  someone  like  Bob  Knight.  A  lit- 
tle honest  chair-throwing  now  and  then 
might  not  be  such  a  bad  idea. 

— Jon  Scher 


Scher  '84 
America, 


former  managing  editor  of  Baseball 
s  a  writer  for  Sports  Illustrated. 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


c. 

B\  Fred  Chapped  '61,  A.M.  '64.  Baton 
Rouge:  Louisiana  State  University  Press, 
1993.  52  pp.  $8.95. 


By  their  fifth  or  sixth  hook, 
many  poets  get  long- 
winded.  After  all,  they 
now  have  an  oeuvre. 
They've  got  to  take  on 
only  the  weightiest  of 
topics;  they  must  prove 
right  the  critics  who 
praised  their  youthful  work  or  prove  wrong 
those  who  said  they  were  shallow.  And,  in 
the  long  grinding  of  their  ax,  they  wear 
the  tool  away. 

That's  the  way  many  poets  do  it.  But  you 
could  het  Fred  Chappell  wouldn't  fall  for 
that.  He  has  always  been,  to  borrow  a 
country  music  phrase,  contrary  to  ordinary. 
When  the  national  poetic  tad  was  writ- 
ing confessional  lyrics  and  deep-image 
nuggets,  Chappell  was  constructing  a  kind 
of  verse  novel,  Midquest,  which  won  the 
prestigious  Bollingen  Prize  in  Poetry.  His 
two  latest  novels,  I  Am  One  of  You  Forever 
and  Brighten  the  Carrier  Where  You  Are,  are 
inventive  works  with  a  unique  style  some- 
thing like  the  yoking  of  Gabriel  Garcia 
Marque:  and  Eudora  Welty.  In  short,  Chap- 
pell is  a  master  of  the  unexpected,  and  he's 
done  it  again  in  his  latest  hook  of  poetry,  C. 
C,  the  Roman  numeral  for  100, 
announces  the  number  of  poems  in  the 
book,  and  immediately  calls  to  mind  the 
classical  ancestry  from  which  the  poems 
spring.  This  is  a  book  of  epigrams,  an 
ancient  verse  form  whose  master  was  the 
Roman  poet  Martial.  In  the  book's  first 
poem,  Chappell  acknowledges  the  source: 

PROEM 

In  such  a  book  as  this, 
The  poet  Martial  says, 
Some  of  the  epigrams 
Shall  have  seen  better  days, 
And  some  are  hit-or-miss; 
But  some — like  telegrams — 
Deliver  intelligence 
With  such  a  sudden  blaze 
The  shine  can  make  us  wince. 

Leave  it  to  Fred  Chappell  to  realize  that 
something  ancient  is  thoroughly  modern; 
given  our  MTV-sized  attention  spans,  an 
epigram  is  perfect  for  sending  out  the 
essential  information. 

But  what  a  challenge  Chappell  has  set  for 
himself — to  say  what  needs  to  be  said  in  the 
fewest  words  possible.  Why,  that's  down- 
right anti-political,  and  it's  what  makes  C 
such  an  entertaining  and  insightful  book. 

Some  of  the  poems  give  us  a  slice  of  life, 
a  slice  that  has  been  so  carefully  chosen 
that  it  implies  a  whole. 


OVERHEARD  IN  THE  TEAROOM 

"Marianne,  my  dear, 

I'll  say  this  for  Ruth: 

Though  she  never  tells  the  truth 

Her  lies  are  quite  sincere." 

Two  lives  are  revealed  here.  Poor  Ruth 
is  wonderfully  summed  up,  and  the  speak- 
er, with  that  well-placed  "my  dear,"  tells  us 
more  about  herself  than  she  probably 
meant  to. 

Chappell  gives  us  the  epigram  in  its  full 
range,  from  the  piercingly  funny: 

TELEVANGELIST 

He  claims  that  he'll  reign  equally 

With  Jesus  in  eternity. 

But  it's  not  like  him  to  be  willing 

To  give  a  partner  equal  hilling. 

to  the  delightful  puzzle: 

A  RIDDLE 

However  still  and  dark  the  night 

For  the  soldier  it  is  light; 

When  the  silent  stars  abound 

For  the  guiltless  it  is  sound; 

While  days  and  years  their  vigils  keep 

In  the  graveyard  it  is  deep. 

It's  sleep.  Just  in  case  you  can't  figure 
out  the  riddles,  Chappell  has  given  the 
answers  at  the  end  of  each  one,  in  a  small- 
er typeface  and  parentheses. 

Chappell  knows  there's  more  to  an  epi- 
gram than  just  humor.  C  has  a  number  of 
poems  that  make  us  wince  with  the  shine 
of  their  deep  passion  and  intelligence.  In 
"I  Love  You,"  we  get  a  compact  and  seri- 
ous description  of  a  troubled  relationship. 

Yet  you  were  gone  six  days  before 
I  took  from  the  bedroom  closet  the  dress, 
The  blue  and  white  one  that  you  wore 
To  the  dinner  party  that  was  such  a 

mess, 
And  fearfully  hung  it  on  the  door 
And  sat  before  it  in  a  chair, 
Remembering     what     and     when     and 

where, 
And  touched  it  with  a  ghost's  caress. 

Chappell  makes  it  look  easy,  to  go  such  | 
a  long  way  in  such  a  short  trip.  It's  a  I 
demonstration  of  his  power  as  a  writer. 
The  novelist  Lee  Smith  has  called  Fred  | 
Chappell  "our  resident  genius,"  and  he  | 
proves  her  right  with  each  new  book. 

— Michael  Chitwood 


Chitwood  is  a  science  writer  for  the  Research  Trian- 
gle Institute,  a  local  hook  reviewer,  and  a  poet  who 
lives  in  Chapel  Hill.  His  latest  book.  Salt  Works, 
was  published  in  1992  by  Ohio  Review  Books. 


The  Launching  of 

Duke  University, 

1924-1949 

Robert  F.  Durden 

"A  remarkable  story." — Senator  Terry 

Sanford,  President  (1969-1985), 

Duke  University 

588  pages,  40  b&w  photographs,  cloth 

$29.95 

Duke  University  Press 

919-684-6837 
Box  90660  Durham,  NC  27708-0660 


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Address 
City 


July -August    1993 


We  asked  Duke  faculty  to  com- 
ment on  the  books  they  read  during 
their  own  undergraduate  years  that 
had  a  profound  effect  upon  them 
intellectually . 

Wallace  Fowlie,  James  B. 
Duke  Preiessor  emeritus  of 
French  literature: 

Pensees,  by  Blaise  Pascal,  for  its 
brilliant  combination  of  philoso- 
phy and  science.  Remembrance  of 
Things  Past,  by  Marcel  Proust, 
which  he  says  impressed  him  in 
the  elaborateness  and  enormity  of 
its  seven  volumes  and  which  he 
continues  to  explore  in  an  annual 
course.  Also,  Dante's  The  Divine 
Comedy,  which  he  considers  the 
greatest  poem  ever  written  and 
the  "fountainhead  of  literature." 

Ronald  Butters,  professor 
of  English: 

Howl,  and  Other  Poems,  by  Allen 
Ginsberg,  which  he  says  led  him 
to  an  admiration  of  the  poetry  of 
Walt  Whitman  and  Emily  Dick- 
inson. The  Complete  Works  of 
Shakespeare,  edited  by  Hardin 
Craig,  which  he  says  instilled  in 
him  a  deep  appreciation  for  the 
Shakespearian  sonnets  and  intro- 
duced him  for  the  first  time  to 
first-rate  literary  scholarship. 
Also,  his  first  French  grammar 
book,  which  sparked  many  years 
of  scholarship  in  linguistics. 

Richard  L.  Watson,  profes- 
sor emeritus  of  history: 

The  Frontier  in  American  History, 
by  Frederick  Jackson  Turner, 
which  he  says  challenged  him  to 
appreciate  the  various  perspec- 
tives from  which  history  can  be 
studied.  Every  Man  His  Oum  His- 


torian, by  Carl  Becker,  which 
stressed  the  difficulty  and  impor- 
tance of  striving  for  objectivity 
in  historical  writing.  Also,  selec- 
tions from  the  Chronicles  of 
America  series,  which  he  says  he 
found  readable  and  engaging  in 
their  portrayal  of  different  eras  of 
American  history.  Watson  also 
said  that  over  time,  his  perspec- 
tive on  the  books  that  influenced 
him  has  changed,  and  that  he 
might  have  answered  this  ques- 
tion differently  several  years  ago. 


"Let's  see  what  life  is  like  without 
kegs.  Can  we  have  a  lively  com- 
munity with  variety  without 
[them]?" 

—Janet  Dickerson,  vice  president 
for  student  affairs,  on  the 


"We've  allowed  ourselves  to 
become  isolated  from  each  other, 
locked  in  our  own  world  with  less 
and  less  of  a  common  language, 
[and]  unwilling  to  go  into  the 
public  square  together.  In  order 
to  live  more  productive  lives  as 
citizens,  detachment  and  denial 
must  end.  The  cycle  simply  must 
be  broken,  for  our  children's  sake 
and  for  our  ability  to  lead  in  the 
world." 


he  suggested  that  increasing  debt, 

the  plight  of  children,  and 

problems  in  urban  Amenta  are 

examples  of  Amenta's  failure  to 

plan  for  its  future 

"We've  sequestered  and  com- 
partmentalized life  at  the  univer- 
sity in  a  way  that  is  completely 
alien  to  the  way  that  human 
beings  interact." 

-Dean  of  the  Chapel  Will  Willimon, 

discussing  the  findings  of  his  report 

on  student  life,  "We  Work  Hard, 

We  Play  Hard,"  in  which  he 


academic  and  social  IHe  at  Duke 


significantly  reduce  the 
level  of  alcohol  consump- 
tion at  Duke? 

Yes:  1 1 

No:  14 

Of  those  who  thought  drinking 
would  decrease,  most  believed 
that  eliminating  organized  par- 
ties and  the  free  distribution  of 
alcohol  would  encourage  less 
drinking.  Respondents  who  pre- 
dicted little  change  cited  a  vari- 
ety of  reasons.  One  said,  "College 
students  have  always  loved  to 
drink  and  always  will,"  while 
another  commented,  "It  might 
reduce  the  amount  of  organized 
drinking  on  campus,  but  I  don't 
think  it  would  have  much  effect 
on  overall  consumption  because 
people  will  drink  in  smaller 
groups." 


What  is  the  relationship 
between  the  mass  media's 
treatment  of  science  and 
the  public's  perception  of  it? 

"There  is  an  enormous  public 
demand  for  scientific  knowledge 
about  disease;  for  example,  the 
public  pressures  science  to  cure 
problems  like  cancer  and  AIDS. 
The  media  enters  as  an  important 
intermediary  that  translates  for 
the  public  what  science  says. 
Inevitably,  the  press  reports  cor- 
relations, such  as  those  between  a 
new  drug  and  its  potential  for 
curing  a  deadly  illness. 

"However,  the  correlations  are 
never  explanations,  and  what 
happens  is  that  the  public  re- 
ceives a  constant  spray  of  facts, 
which  are  neither  right  nor 
wrong  because  they  are  not  in 
their  original  context.  Then  the 
public  uses  its  cultural  precepts  to 
interpret  the  facts,  and  negative 
consequences  result  when  the 
public  doesn't  like  what  it  sees. 

"Ambivalence  can  also  arise 
when  science  is  translated 
through  an  art  form,  such  as  in 
Frankenstein  or  Jurassic  Park, 
when  otherwise  valuable  scien- 
tific knowledge  is  used  to  create 
something  life-threatening.  Sci- 
entific knowledge  is  viewed  as 
harmful  when  it  is  out  of  place, 
much  in  the  same  way  a  flower 
out  of  place  is  called  a  weed.  Our 
culture  perceives  these  weeds  as 
demons  of  sorts.  However,  when 
it  misinterprets  information,  cul- 
ture itself  is  the  demon." 

-Angela  O'Kand,  associate 

professor  of  sociology,  who  teaches 

a  course  in  the  Science, 


compiled  by  Stephen  Martin  '95 


52 


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SEPTEMBER- 
OCTOBER  1993 


DUKE 


VOLUME  79 
NUMBER  6 


EDITOR: 

Robert  J.  Bitwise  A.M.  '88 
ASSOCIATE  EDITOR: 
Sam  Hull 

FEATURES  EDITOR: 
Bridget  Booher  '82,  A.M.  '92 
SCIENCE  EDITOR: 
Dennis  Meredith 
EDITORIAL  ASSISTANT: 
Jason  Schultz  '93 
STUDENT  INTERN: 
Stephen  Martin  '95 
DESIGN  CONSULTANT: 
West  Side  Studio,  Inc. 
PUBLISHER:  M.  Laney 
Funderhurkjr.'60 

OFFICERS,  DUKE  ALUMNI 
ASSOCIATION: 
Stanley  G.  Bradingjr.  75, 
president;  James  D.  Warren  75, 
president-elect;  M.  Laney 
Funderhurk  Jr.  '60,  secretary- 
treasurer. 

PRESIDENTS,  SCHOOL 
AND  COLLEGE  ALUMNI 
ASSOCIATIONS: 
Sylvester  L.  Shannon  B.D.  '66, 
DiViniry  School;].  Samuel 
Mcknight  B.S.E. '60,  M.S. '62, 
Ph.D.  '69,  Scriuu/ u|  Fn.k'nuYrme; 
David  E.Anderton  Jr.  79, 
School  of  the  Environment;  Kirk 
J.  Bradley  M.B.A.  '86,  Fuqua 
Sefir  j, ,/ , ,/  Business;  Richard  K. 
Toomey  77,  M.H.A.  79, 
I  V/\;nnk  m  .  f  I  l:dkh  Adminis- 
tration; David  G.  Klaher  J.D. 
'69,  School  of  Law;  Robert  M. 
Rosemond  M.D.  '53,  Schoo!  of 
Medicine;  t  hnstine  Mundie 
WUlis  B.S.N.  73,  School  of 
X'lirsm^;  M.ine  Kns.il  Nardone 
M.S.  79,  A.H.C.  79,  Graduate 
Program  in  Physical  Therapy; 
Mare. net  Adam*  Harris  '38, 
LL.B.  '40,  Ha!/-Cenmry  Ciui. 

EDITORIAL  ADVISORY 
BOARD:  Clay  Felker '51, 
chairman;  Frederick  F.  Andrews 
'60;PeterCApplebome71; 
Debra  Blum  '87;  Sarah  Hard- 
esty  Bray  72;  Holly  B.  Brubach 
75;  Nancy  L.  Cardwell  '69; 
Jerr.'lJ  K.  F. uulick;  Edward  M. 
Gomez  79;  Kerry  E.  Hannon 
'82;  Elizabeth  H.  Locke  '64, 
Ph.D.  72;  Thomas  P.  Losee  Jr. 
'63;  R.  Robin  McDonald  77; 
Hugh  S.  Sidey;  Susan  Tifft  73; 
Jane  Vessels  77;  Robert  J. 
Bliwise  A.M.  '88,  secretary. 

Composition  by  Liberated 
Types,  Ltd.;  printing  by  Litho 
Industries.  Inc.;  printed  on 
Warren  Recovery  Matte  White 
and  Cross  Pointe  Sycamore 
Offset  Tan 


©1993  Duke  University 
Published  bimonthly  by  the 
Office  of  Alumni  Aff; 
untary  subscriptions  $1 5  p 
year:  Duke  Magazine,  Alun 
House,  614  Chapel  Drive, 
Box  90570,  Durham,  N.C. 
27708-0570;  (919)  684-51 


Cover:  Computer  networks  promise 
instant  and  onscreen  access  to  a  universe 
of  information.  Illustration  by  Gary 
Palmer 


HAVE  IT  YOUR  WAY  by  Bridget  Booher  2 

Institutional  food  is  out:  Universities  are  struggling  to  meet  the  quirky  time  constraints  and  tastes 
of  students,  to  minimize  waste  (and  complaints),  and  to  maximize  profits 

WIRED  TO  THE  WORLD  by  John  Manuel  6~ 

"Once  you  have  access  to  networked  computers,  you  can  learn  from  anywhere,"  says  Jerry  Campbell, 
Duke's  vice  provost  for  computing.  "You  could  be  on  a  mountain  top  in  Tibet  and  still  gain  access 
to  the  Library  of  Congress." 

THE  BEST  OF  TINES  by  Henry  Petroski  iT 

In  an  excerpt  from  his  book,  a  Duke  engineering  professor  traces  how  the  fork  evolved  from  the 
knife,  and  how  other  tools  changed  to  meet  specialized  needs 

THREE  YEARS  BEFORE  THE  BAR  by  David  Lender  Z7 

Seven  years  ago,  he  documented  his  first  dozen  days  as  a  Duke  freshman;  now  he's  back  with  the 
lowdown  on  law  school 

CRAFTING  COMEDY  BY  COMMITTEE  by  Carl  Kurlander  42~ 

"Somehow  in  this  room  we  produce  a  TV  show  every  week.  Many  shows  work  this  way.  But  they 
all  exist  in  the  shadow  of  that  most  famous  room  of  all,  the  one  that  contained  Larry  Gelbart, 
Carl  Reiner,  Mel  Brooks,  Michael  Stewart,  and  of  course,  Neil  Simon." 


REPTROSPECTIVES  22 

The  most  envied  player  in  college  basketball 


TRANSITIONS 

A  career  of  creative  alternatives 


34 


FORUM  35 

Troubling  racial  divides,  surprising  shoe  deals,  engineering  women 

GAZETTE  46" 

An  uncertain  verdict  on  the  death  penalty,  a  skeptical  look  at  opinion  polls,  a  ground-breaking 
expedition  to  Israel 


BOOKS 

Survival  and 
debate 

success  in 

the 

performing- 

-arts  world,  di 

senfranchi 

sement  and  dissent  in 

the 

abortion 

50 

QUAD  QUOTES 

A  constitutional  quandary  over  redistricting,  a  mixed  assessment  of  advising,  an  eclectic 
suggestion  list  for  pleasurable  reading 


52 


■HittH<¥«ff« 

HA/EIT 

YOUR 

WAY 

BY  BRIDGET  BOOHER 

REINVENTING  THE  MEAL: 

THE  FUTURE  IS  FRANCHISE 

Universities  are  struggling  to  meet  the  quirky  time 
constraints  and  tastes  of  students,  to  minimize  waste 
(and  complaints),  and  to  maximize  profits.  Across 
the  country,  educational  institutions  are  moving  away 
from  institutional  food. 

■a    MKk     y  guilty  pleasure,  fall  of 
flAAB    sophomore  year  1979,  was  a 
!■■■   daily   vanilla  Tab,   home- 
la  BT  ■■  made  with  sugary  syrup  and 
diet  soda  by  the  kind,  older  woman  work- 
ing the  West  Union  Dope  Shop  counter. 
As  satisfying  as  the  concoction  tasted,  the 
experience  was  even  sweeter  because  of 
the  exchange  that  preceded  it. 

"Hey,  shugah,  how  you  doin'  today?"  she'd 
ask,  peering  over  her  glasses  and  touching  her 
head  to  make  sure  the  sparkly  hairnet  was 
still  in  place.  Other  times,  she'd  call  me  "hon." 

Like  its  counterpart  over  on  East,  the 
Dope  Shop  invited  you  to  linger.  It  bustled 
at    mealtimes,    of   course,    but    it    never 
stopped  humming  throughout  the  day.  Pro- 
fessors  and   students   crammed    into    the 
wooden  booths  and  carried  on  lively  dis- 
cussions that  had  begun  earlier  in  class. 
Groundskeepers    ate    hot   dogs    elbow-to- 
elbow  with  deans.   Portion  control  may 
have  been  a  management  concern,  but  you 
wouldn't  have  known  it  by  the  exquisite 
excess  of  the  chocolate  milkshakes. 

Vanilla  Tabs  are  long  gone,  and  so  are 
the  women  who  offered  them  up  with 
affectionate  endearments.  The  Dope  Shop 
closed  in  1982  to  make  room  for  adminis- 
trative departments.  And  it's  in  one  of 
these  very  offices,  in  fact,  that  the  dining 
services  operation  oversees  a  record  $12.3- 
million  enterprise  that's  modernized  and 
diversified  food  service  at  Duke.  Fountain 
drinks  have  been  replaced  by  frozen  yogurt 
and,  as  of  this  fall,  generic  burgers  by  Burg- 
er King  Whoppers.  There's  even  talk  of 
putting  a  Taco  Bell  in  the  East  Campus 
food  court. 

Times  change.  Efficiency  is  everything. 
Who  among  us  hasn't  resorted  to  an  occa- 
sional frozen  dinner  when  it's  too  late  to 
cook,  only  to  discover  with  dismay  that 
the  microwaveable  entree  takes  twenty 
whole  minutes7.  And  students,  with  their 
fluctuating  schedules,  demand  even  greater 
flexibility. 

So  it's  no  wonder  that  universities  are 
struggling  to  meet  the  quirky  time  con- 
straints and  tastes  of  students,  to  minimize 

DUKE   MAGAZINE 


f  m 


«•<* 


waste  (and  complaints),  and  to  maximize 
profits.  Across  the  country,  educational 
institutions  are  moving  away  from  institu- 
tional food.  Gone  are  the  days  when  meal 
consisted  of  a  choice  of  meat,  a  starch,  and 
two  veggies.  Today's  students  choose  from 
extensive  menus  that  include  tacos,  tab- 
bouleh,  and  Thai  noodles.  You  can  get  your 
fare  fried,  grilled,  steamed,  or  stir-fried. 
Build  your  own  low-fat  salad  or  high-cal 
sundae.  At  the  University  of  Southern  Cali- 
fornia, you  can  even  enjoy  a  Wolfgang  Puck 
spicy  chicken  gourmet  pizza. 

"Food-management  niche  marketing  is 
in,  and  it's  in  on  a  massive  scale,"  says 
Joseph  Pietrantoni,  Duke  associate  vice 
president  for  auxiliary  services.  "The  tradi- 
tional breakfast-lunch-and-dinner  theory 
is  also  being  challenged.  People  don't 
always  eat  dinner  between  five-thirty  and 
seven  at  night.  They're  at  the  gym  and 
may  not  be  hungry  till  nine-thirty  or  ten  at 
night.  Or  they'll  have  a  bagel  in  their 
dorm  room  before  class  instead  of  coming 
to  the  dining  halls  for  a  hot  meal.  So  we 


have  to  adapt  our  program  to  fit  these 
changing  needs." 

Accommodating  those  ever-changing 
needs  is  a  never-ending  mission.  When 
Theodore  W.  Minah  took  over  the  univer- 
sity's dining  services  in  1946,  students 
greeted  him  with  a  litany  of  complaints. 
Too  much  chicken.  Not  enough  milk  or 
red  meat.  Rude  staff.  Just  before  Minah 
arrived,  in  fact,  students  had  launched  an 
insurrection  in  the  Gothic  Dining  Hall, 
tossing  food  skyward  and  causing  thou- 
sands of  dollars'  worth  of  damage.  But 
Minah  listened.  By  the  time  he  retired  in 
1974,  he'd  become  a  respected,  patriarchal 


figure  on  campus,  feeding  the  sons  and 
daughters  of  alumni  who  were  undergradu- 
ates during  his  early  years. 

Duke's  ambitious  goal  to  be  all  things  to 
all  people  appears — at  least  financially — to 
be  working.  In  1980-81,  when  the  board 
plan  was  in  effect,  dining  services  did  $4.5 
million  in  business.  Gradually,  the  offerings 
expanded  to  include  campus  convenience 
stores,  vending  machines,  concessions  at 
athletic  events,  and  outside  vendors  who 
deliver  pizza  and  subs  to  dorms.  All  of 
these  services  can  be  "charged"  to  the 
ubiquitous  Duke  Card,  a  debit  account 
into  which  students  (or,  more  likely,  their 


Sepi 


-October    I  993 


parents)  deposit  money  at  the  start  of  each 
semester.  Students  choose  one  of  five  dining 
plans,  from  "A"  (light  eater)  to  "E"  (popu- 
lar among  athletes  and  students  "with 
hearty  appetites").  Now,  even  though  the 
undergraduate  population  has  remained 
fairly  constant  at  around  6,000,  the  money 
spent  on  meals  and  snacks  has  nearly 
tripled. 

Students  still  complain,  of  course.  Sug- 
gestion boxes  placed  at  every  eating  spot 
yield  hundreds  of  comments — both  posi- 
tive and  negative — each  week.  Francis 
Wesley  Newman  '78,  senior  director  of 
dining  and  special  events,  reads  them  all, 
and  good-naturedly  notes  that  the  feedback 
doesn't  always  reflect  the  buying  reality. 
"We  hear  things  like,  'Too  many  greasy 
foods  like  hamburgers,'  or  'Not  enough 
healthy  alternatives.'  But  our  biggest  selling 
items  are  cheeseburgers,  French  fries,  and 
pizza.  We'll  provide  low-fat  and  low-salt 
items  and  the  products  just  won't  sell.  Stu- 
dents ask  for  one  thing  and  eat  another." 

But  that  paradox  doesn't  dampen  the 
drive  to  please  students,  who  are  now 
regarded  first  and  foremost  as  customers. 
By  monitoring  the  suggestion  boxes  and 
working  closely  with  an  active  student 
advisory  committee  that  meets  weekly,  the 
dining  services  folks  have  perfected  the 
market-driven,  consumer-oriented  approach 
that's  put  Duke  at  the  forefront  of  diversi- 
fied food  service  options. 

"Today's  students  have  grown  up  in  an 
entirely  different  mode  than  we  did,"  says 
Newman.  "Most  of  them  didn't  come 
home  at  five  to  have  dinner  with  the 
whole  family.  They  didn't  go  to  the  cafete- 
ria for  supper  every  Sunday.  They've  been 
ordering  Domino's  pizza  and  eating  at 
McDonald's  all  their  lives.  It's  not  a  big 
thrill  to  them,  it's  status  quo.  So  the  play- 
ing field  has  really  changed  for  us. 

"They  have  also  grown  up  with  televi- 
sion advertising  and  they've  been  brain- 
washed from  day  one  to  believe  in  the 
power  of  national  brands.  They  believe 
that  Domino's  is  the  best  pizza  there  is 
because  that's  what  they  see  on  TV.  In  the 
climate  I  grew  up  in,  the  really  good  pizza 
was  what  you  got  down  the  street  at  mom 
and  pop's  local  pizzeria.  Kids  don't  believe 
that  anymore.  They  believe  that  a  nation- 
al brand  is  an  endorsement  of  quality." 

Such  thinking  prompted  Duke  to  add 
brand-name  products  on  campus.  One  step 
was  signing  on  outside  vendors  such  as 
Domino's,  Pizza  Hut,  Li'l  Dinos,  and  Sub- 
way to  the  dining  plan.  Under  this 
arrangement,  students  can  have  pizza  and 
subs  delivered  to  their  dorms  and  have  the 
cost  automatically  deducted  from  their  meal 
plan.  In  the  campus  convenience  stores, 
you  can  buy  Pepperidge  Farm  fancy  cookies 
and  Clearly  Canadian  sodas.  Licks,  located 


Fast  food,  by  its  very 
nature,  is  meant  to  be 

consumed  quickly. 
You  order,  you  pay,  you 

eat,  and  you  leave. 


in  the  Bryan  Center,  serves  Ben  &  Jerry's 
ice  cream  and  Colombo  frozen  yogurt. 

But  students  continued  to  grumble  about 
what  they  perceived  as  inferior  campus- 
prepared  items,  and  the  student-govern- 
ment-appointed student  advisory  commit- 
tee began  to  explore  other  avenues.  Thus 
began  the  "privatization"  debate.  The 
committee  assumed  that  to  garner  a  name 
brand,  the  university  would  have  to  turn 
over  the  reins  of  running  the  entire  opera- 
tion to  a  parent  company.  Under  such  a 
privatized  arrangement,  a  merchant  would 
hire  its  own  workers  and  establish  its  own 
pay  scale  and  health  benefits  package.  One 
estimate  predicted  that  more  than  twenty 
(union)  university  workers  would  be  laid 
off  to  make  way  for  a  staff  of  non-union 
employees  who  would  earn,  roughly,  mini- 
mum wage. 

Duke  would  also  be  paid  a  relatively 
small  rental  fee  to  take  over  an  existing, 
profitable  space,  the  Boyd-Pishko  (BP) 
Cafe.  And  so  the  search  for  a  better  burger 
uncovered  a  hornet's  nest  of  labor  and 
economic  issues.  Last  year,  as  the  university 
was  negotiating  with  Wendy's  over  whether 
to  privatize,  students  were  allowed  to  vote 
on  the  controversy.  Was  having  a  brand 
name  worth  the  costs? 

About  half  the  student  body  voted,  and 
the  results  were  split.  While  nearly  every- 
one wanted  the  name  brand,  about  half 
the  voters  said  they  didn't  want  it  enough 
to  put  people  out  of  work.  The  other  half 
said  that  they  wanted  their  double  cheese- 
burgers and  large  order  of  fries  and  they 
didn't  care  what  it  took  or  who  was  affected. 

In  the  search  for  common  ground,  the 
committee  happened  upon  another  alter- 
native: franchising.  Dining  services'  New- 
man says  it  offers  the  best  of  both  worlds. 
"Franchising  allows  us  to  run  it  with  our 
own  employees,  keep  most  of  the  profits 
on  campus,  balance  our  budget,  and  still 
give  students  the  national  brand."  At  the 
close  of  the  spring  semester,  the  university 
signed  a  franchise  agreement  with  Burger 
King,  which  has  provided  the  employee 
training  and  standardized  equipment  to 
turn  the  BP  into  a  BK,  virtually  indistin- 
guishable from  any  other  store  in  malls 


and  on  Main  Streets  across  the  country. 

This  trend,  of  course,  is  not  without  its 
detractors.  Fast  food,  by  its  very  nature,  is 
meant  to  be  consumed  quickly.  You  do  not 
discuss  the  Bosnian  war  over  a  Whopper. 
You  do  not  relax  with  a  fish  sandwich 
while  pondering  health-care  policy.  You 
order,  you  pay,  you  eat,  and  you  leave. 

"My  sense  is  that  franchising  has  noth- 
ing to  do  with  whether  students  linger," 
says  dean  of  student  development  Sue 
Wasiolek  '76,  M.H.A  '78,  LL.M.  '93. 
"That  depends  on  the  type  of  food  and  the 
setting  where  it's  offered.  If  you  brought  in 
a  franchise  that  was  a  nice,  sit-down  type 
restaurant,  that's  what  people  would  do. 
But  [Burger  King]  is  a  response  to  what 
students  want,  and  students  want  to  eat 
and  run.  I  think  that's  sad.  When  I  was  a 
student,  time  spent  around  a  meal  was  an 
enjoyable  social  time." 

Students'  purchasing  habits  back  her  up. 
Despite  the  variety  of  options  available, 
including  the  elegant  East  Campus  Mag- 
nolia Room  and  the  T.W.  Minah  Oak 
Room,  where  patrons  can  order  fresh 
grilled  swordfish  and  Belgian  waffles,  stu- 
dents choose  to  spend  most  of  their  money 
in  the  food  court/deli  areas.  Their  second 
most  popular  nutritional  destination?  The 
campus  grocery  stores.  (Through  the  Duke 
Stores,  students  can  lease  a  "Microfridge" 
for  their  dorms.  A  combination  refrigera- 
tor, freezer,  and  microwave,  it  allows  on- 
the-go — or  merely  reclusive — undergradu- 
ates to  stay  in  their  rooms  to  eat.) 
Cafeterias  such  as  the  Blue  and  White 
Room  come  in  third,  followed  by  pizza  and 
sub  delivery.  Restaurants  limp  in  at  fourth, 
followed  by  vending  machines. 

It's  a  development  that's  tangible — and 
troubling — to  associate  vice  president  for 
student  affairs  Richard  Cox  B.D.  '67, 
Th.M.  '69,  Ed.D.  '82.  At  the  end  of  the 
semester  this  spring,  he  and  his  staff  invit- 
ed undergraduates  who'd  worked  with  his 
office  to  share  a  lovely,  catered  dinner. 
While  the  atmosphere  was  friendly  and 
relaxed,  Cox  says  that  many  students  were 
visibly  uncomfortable  trying  to  shake  their 
dine-and-dash  habits. 

"You  could  tell  there  was  a  tension 
there,"  he  says.  "When  they  finished  the 
meal,  they  had  to  get  moving.  They  imme- 
diately started  leaving,  as  if  it  wasn't  right 
to  linger." 

Does  a  university's  mission  to  educate 
extend  to  the  social  facets  of  its  members' 
lives?  Just  because  a  young  man  or  woman 
has  grown  up  consuming  ready-to-eat  food 
on  the  run,  is  the  institution  obligated  to 
cater  to  that  lifestyle?  At  Vanderbilt  Uni- 
versity, which  has  a  slightly  smaller  stu- 
dent population  than  Duke's,  the  dining 
services  program  is  attempting  to  forge  the 
practical   with   the   philosophical.    Frank 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


Gladu,  Vanderbilt's  director  of  dining  ser- 
vices, says  he  shares  his  Duke  counterparts' 
concerns  with  meeting  student  demand 
while  staying  competitive  with  local  estab- 
lishments, which  draw  patrons  and  their 
money  off-campus. 

"When  we  added  convenience  stores 
seven  years  ago,  we  had  no  idea  they'd  be 
so  popular,"  says  Gladu.  "We  now  have 
five  stores,  and  they  comprise  40  percent 
of  our  revenue.  We  were  actually  visiting 
Duke  during  the  Wendy's  debacle,  and 
that  served  as  a  wake-up  call  to  us"  to  look 
at  trends  in  the  college  food  service  indus- 
try. "We  have  shops  like  Dairy  Queen  and 
Taco  Bell  Express,  but  we  see  those  conven- 
ience and  specialty  stores  as  enhancements 
to  our  program." 

That  program  includes  a  traditional, 
mandatory  board  plan  at  dinner  for  first- 
year  students  (it's  optional  for  upperclass- 
men).  Implemented  two  years  ago,  the  for- 
mat "is  totally  counter  to  the  franchise 
idea,"  says  Gladu,  "but  it's  worked  well  for 
us.  Economically,  the  board  plan  is  to  our 
advantage.  But  more  importantly,  you  have 
the  communal  aspect  of  eating  together.  It 
allows  the  first-year  class  to  acclimate  itself 
to  the  university,  and  it  provides  a  relaxed 
social  setting  where  people  can  enjoy 
themselves  and  exchange  ideas." 

Gladu  says  he  considers  his  mission  to 
be  larger  than  just  feeding  hungry  mouths. 
"People  on  my  staff  say  we're  countercul- 
ture to  what's  going  on  in  society,"  he  says, 
referring  to  the  compulsory  evening  meal 
plan.  "Well,  we  should  be  stepping  to  a 


Friendly  faces ,  new  spaces :  the 
Dope  Shop,  which  dosed  in  1982 
was  located  in  the  West  Union 
basement,  now  headquarters  for 
campus  dining  operations 

more  lively  beat  than  what 
they're  getting  in  real  life.  We're  not  real 
life!  I  still  believe  that  college  dining 
should  be  something  other  than  what  you 
find  at  a  shopping  mall." 

One  way  Duke  hopes  to  promote  a  more 
interactive  dining  experience  is  by  reno- 
vating and  modernizing  the  antiquated 
cafeterias.  Joe  Pietrantoni  says  the  Blue 
and  White  Room  and  the  University 
Room  areas  in  the  West  Union  Building 
are  long  overdue  for  repairs  and  refurbish- 
ing. He  also  wants  to  strengthen  the 
restaurant/cafeteria  component  on  East. 
With  his  convenience  and  franchise  food 
offerings  locked  in,  Pietrantoni  sees  these 
locations  as  the  once  and  future  anchors  of 
dining  at  Duke. 

"We'll  beautify  them,  enrich  them,  bring 
back  their  luster,"  he  says.  "The  rooms 
themselves  won't  change;  we'll  preserve 
their  beauty.  You'll  still  be  able  to  sit 
under  the  same  chandeliers  your  mother  ate 
under  when  she  was  a  student.  What  will 
change  is  the  serving  area.  We'll  have  open 
kitchens  and  food  prepared  in  front  of  you 
and  bakery  breads  coming  right  out  of  the 
oven.  So  the  core  of  the  Duke  system  will 
be  very  nice,  modern  restaurants  that  offer 
you  the  ability  to  sit  down  with  your  friends 
and  enjoy  a  meal  and  companionship." 

Blueprints  are  also  being  drawn  up  for  a 


new  coffeehouse  in  the 
Bryan  Center  that  will  fea- 
ture gourmet  Java,  cappu- 
|cino,  espresso,  and  baked 
|  goods.  Still  in  negotia- 
tion, the  cafe  is  tentative- 
ly slated  to  open  in  October,  and  will  be 
run  strictly  on  a  cash  basis.  That  way,  stu- 
dents will  actually  have  to  come  up  with 
cold  cash — Duke  Card  "points"  won't  be 
accepted — to  ensure  that  it  won't  become 
a  student-only  hang-out.  (And  yes,  there 
have  already  been  student  complaints 
about  the  rule.) 

Will  such  attempts  to  bring  together  a 
non-hurried,  mixed  population  of  diners 
work?  One  stumbling  block  may  be  the 
prevailing  segregation  of  the  university 
community  at  meal  times.  The  Faculty 
Commons,  for  example,  has  endured  criti- 
cisms for  its  exclusive,  faculty-only  status. 
Regrettably,  the  days  of  effortless  inter- 
mingling among  faculty,  staff,  administra- 
tors, and  students  are  merely  memories  for 
now.  Student  affairs'  Rich  Cox  says  he 
misses  the  informal  hospitality  that  suf- 
fused the  dining  halls  before  niche  market- 
ing came  along. 

"It  used  to  be  that  if  you  went  to 
the  Blue  and  White  Room  or  the  Dope 
Shop,  you  knew  you'd  run  into  people," 
he  says.  "A  lot  of  business  got  done  that 
way;  you'd  catch  up  with  someone  you'd 
been  playing  phone  tag  with  all  morning. 
But  there  is  no  longer  a  place  like  that 
where  we  happen  upon  each  other  in  an 
informal  way."  ■ 


Sef>t< 


I  993 


! 

WIRED 
TO  THE 
WORLD 

BY  JOHN  MANUEL 

COMPUTER  CONNECTIONS: 

Surfing  in  cyberspace: 

Landen  Bain,  director  of 

Medical  Information 

Services ,  is  just  one  of  the 

two  million  computer 

users  connected  to  the 

Internet 

LOG  ON,  KEY  IN,  REACH  OUT 

"Once  you  have  access  to  networked  computers,  you 
can  learn  from  anywhere,"  says  Jerry  Campbell,  Duke's 
vice  provost  for  computing.  "You  could  be  on  a  moun- 
tain top  in  Tibet  and  still  gain  access  to  the  Library 
of  Congress." 

anden  Bain  leads  the  way  through 
his  Durham  apartment  to  a  nook 
^^_  under  the  stairway  where  the  com- 
H  puter  casts  its  soft,  white  glow. 

"That's  a  sharp  looking  computer,"  I  say, 
admiring  the  large  screen  and  jet  black 
box.  "What  kind  is  it?" 

"It's  called  a  NEXT,"  Bain  says. 

"What's  the  model  number?"  I  say,  tak- 
ing out  my  pen  and  notepad. 

Bain  looks  up  slightly  annoyed.  "I  don't 
know;  it's  a  discontinued  model,"  he  says. 
"That's    not    what's    important.    This    is 
what's  important." 

Bain  reaches  behind  the  computer  and 
reveals  a  thick,  gray  cable  going  from  the 
computer  to  a  box  in  the  wall.  "This  is  my 
connection  to  the  Internet,"  he  says.  "It's 
what  makes  my  computer  a  communica- 
tion device,  not  just  a  number  cruncher  or 
a  word  processor.  Without  this,  the  value 
of  my  computer  drops  about  a  hundred- 
fold, as  far  as  I'm  concerned." 

It's  characteristic  of  the  times  that  such  a 
statement  is  patently  obvious  to  some  peo- 

ple and  a  total  revelation  to  others.  Those 
who  are  connected  know  the  power  of  this 
thing  called  the  Internet — the  meta-net- 
work  of  networks.  The  rest  of  us  are  "clue- 
less newbies,"  as  they  say  in  net-speak. 

Bain  describes  how  the  wire  runs  from 
the  wall  connector  down  the  length  of  the 
building  to  a  set  of  offices  rented  by  Duke. 
By  virtue  of  his  being  director  of  Medical 
Information  Services  at  Duke,  Bain  has 
been  able  to  connect  his  home  computer 
to  the  campus  network  known  as  Dukenet. 

"Dukenet  crosses  Main  Street  via  laser, 
then  connects  with  the  Pickens  Building 
and  North  Building  via  fiber  optic  cable. 

"Laser?"  I  say.  "Fiber  optic  cable?" 

Again,  Bain  demurs.  I  realize  in  an  in- 
stant that  this  electronic  highway  can  be 
laced  together  in  many  ways  and  that  the 
means  of  connection  are  unimportant  to 
the  user. 

"...and  from  North  Building  it  connects 
via  microwave  to  the  Center  for  Micro- 
electronics in  Research  Triangle  Park," 
Bain  continues,  linking  it  "to  a  bunch  of 

DUKE   MAGAZINE 


other  networks  that  spread 
across  the  globe.  Togeth- 
er, they  all  make  up  the 
Internet." 

I  ask  Bain  how  many 
individual  computers  are 
connected  to  the  Internet. 

"At  last  count,  some- 
thing like  two  million,"  he 
says.  "They  say  it's  growing 
15  percent  every  month. 
It's  real  spooky." 

And  who  are  the  people 
who  are  connected?  Aca- 
demics, people  in  research- 
related  businesses,  govern- 
ment officials,  you  name 
it.  There  are  probably  not 
many  homeowners  tied  in 
yet,  but  it's  only  a  matter 
of  time  and  technology. 
And  while  Duke  pays  for 
its  connection  to  some 
regional  network,  there's 
no  user  fee.  Once  you're 
connected,  you  can  use  it 
all  you  want  for  academic 
purposes. 

"Who  controls  what 
goes  back  and  forth?"  I  ask. 

"No  one,  really.  There 
are  some  moderators  who 
try  to  impose  order  on 
some  of  the  news  groups. 
But  practically  speaking, 
there's  no  control.  It's  a 
wilderness." 

Bain  suggests  we  "surf"  the  Internet  by 
perusing  some  of  the  8,500  news  groups 
available  through  a  service  known  as 
USENET.  In  his  work  with  Medical  Infor- 
mation Services,  Bain  makes  extensive  use 
of  a  dozen  or  so  different  news  groups.  As 
well  as  being  able  to  read  articles,  he  can 
request  and  receive  information — thus  the 
term  "interactive." 

"We've  gotten  answers  to  complicated 
technical  questions  just  by  posting  a  ques- 
tion to  the  right  news  group,"  Bain  says. 
"As  these  tools  mature,  they  could  be  used 
for  physicians  in  remote  areas  to  access 
experts  anywhere  in  the  world.  We've  only 
begun  to  explore  the  possibilities." 

Bain  says  most  of  the  high-minded  news 
groups  fall  under  the  file  heading  sci.  (pro- 
nounced sci  dot)  or  comp.  (comp  dot). 
"But  the  really  fun  ones  are  under  the 
heading  alt.  or  rec. — those  stand  for  'alter- 
native' and  'recreational.'  The  alt.  domain  is 
completely  unfettered.  Three  of  the  most 
heavily  used  groups  are  alt. sex,  alt.drugs, 
and  alt. rock  and  roll." 

Under  alt. sex,  we  find  a  posting  from  a 
man  in  Kalamazoo,  Michigan,  wanting  to 
discuss  the  difference  between  having  sex 
and  making  love.  He  has  received  twenty 


Fiber  optics:  light  is  the  information  highway 

responses  in  three  days  from  people  as  far 
away  as  England  and  Australia.  Surprising 
to  me,  the  nature  of  the  discussion  is  high- 
minded  and  thoughtful. 

"This  is  good  stuff,"  I  say.  "It's  a  lot  bet- 
ter than  you  get  in  the  magazines." 

"Magazines  are  dead,"  Bain  answers.  "It's 
only  a  matter  of  time.  Why  pay  money  to 
read  a  story  by  a  single  author  who's  got  an 
editor  and  advertisers  to  please,  when  you 
can  have  an  open  discussion  with  interest- 
ing people  all  over  the  world?" 

"How  about  newspapers?"  I  ask.  "Are 
they  dead,  too?" 

"Already,  you  can  subscribe  to  some- 
thing called  Clarinet,  which  has  all  the 
UPI  wire  stories  sorted  into  categories. 
That's  what  I  read." 

"What  about  pictures?  Don't  people 
need  visuals?" 

"You  want  visuals?  I'll  show  you  visuals." 

Bain  sorts  through  the  menu  of  news 
groups  until  he  comes  to  alt. binaries. pic- 
tures, supermodels.  A  binary,  he  explains,  is 
a  non-textual  file — sound,  pictures,  anima- 
tion. The  rest  I  can  figure  out  for  myself. 

"There  are  people  who  simply  trade  pic- 
tures of  supermodels  back  and  forth  on 
the  Internet,"  Bain  says.  "Let's  see,  we've 


got  Amber  Smith,  we've 
got  Cindy  Crawford — 
there  are  thirty-five  post- 
ings of  Cindy  Crawford. 
How  about  one  of  her?" 

Bain  clicks  his  mouse 
and  an  exceedingly  provo- 
cative image  of  the  na- 
tion's leading  supermodel 
comes  on  the  screen. 

"Is  it  the  same  people 
trading  this  stuff  back  and 
forth?"  I  ask. 

"A   lot  of  them.   We 
refer  to  these  groups 
as  virtual  communities — 
people  linked  across  cyber- 
space by  common  inter- 
est.   Some    of  them    are 
weird  like  this  one,  but  a 
lot  of  them  are  very  seri- 
ous. There  are  friendships 
made    on    the    Internet. 
There's  even  a  story  in 
The    Internet   Companion 
-.  [an  instructional  hand- 
le book]    about   a   marriage 
1  made  on  the  Internet." 
|      I  ask  Bain  if  he  looks 
|  forward  to  the  next  major 
8  leap  in  network  technol- 
|  ogy — interactive  video. 
|  Would  he  like  to  be  able 
I  to  see  the  people  he  com- 
I  municates  with? 

"I'm  sure  interactive 
video  is  going  to  be  very 
popular  with  some  people,  but  it's  not 
important  to  me,"  Bain  says.  "The  character- 
based  culture  that's  emerged  on  the  Inter- 
net is  one  that  I'm  very  comfortable  with. 
It  combines  an  intimacy  and  anonymity 
that  I  find  very  appealing.  People  who 
never  experienced  the  Internet  at  this  stage 
of  development — who  jump  in  at  a  stage 
when  you  can  just  talk  in  front  of  a  cam- 
era— won't  know  what  I'm  talking  about." 
Bain  pulls  out  the  latest  issue  of  Wired,  a 
glossy  new  magazine  devoted  to  catalogu- 
ing the  social  impacts  of  the  "Digital  Rev- 
olution." He  reads  from  an  article  citing 
eleven  reasons  to  sign  onto  the  Internet: 
"The  net  eliminates  the  barriers  of  race, 
sex,  attractiveness,  and  social  grace.  Many 
social  ills  arise  from  perceptions  of  differ- 
ences based  on  physical  characteristics.  In 
cyberspace,  everyone's  body  is  the  same: 
Nobody  has  one." 

Before  we  leave  the  Internet,  Bain 
wants  to  show  me  one  more  news  group 
titled  sci.crypt — short  for  cryptography. 
There  are  366  articles  posted — more  than 
for  any  other  news  group  we  can  find. 

"There  is  a  passionate  interest  in  how  to 
encrypt  a  message  sent  on  the  Internet  so 
that  nobody  can  read  it  except  the  person 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


you  want,"  Bain  says.  "The  reason  is 
there's  some  powerful  stuff  that  goes  back 
and  forth  on  the  Internet — people  want- 
ing to  know  how  to  smuggle  drugs  across 
national  borders,  heavy  political  discus- 
sions. The  Tiananmen  Square  massacre 
was  reported  live  by  Chinese  students  on 
the  Internet  after  the  government  had 
banned  all  news  reports.  As  the  network 
grows,  some  people  will  seek  to  tame  it.  I, 
for  one,  hope  it  remains  wild." 

The  computer  may  eventually  play  a 
key  role  in  spreading  democracy — 
or  at  least  freedom  of  speech — to  all 
corners  of  the  globe.  It  is  already  democra- 
tizing the  culture  of  business.  Middle  man- 
agers are  becoming  irrelevant.  Lowly  sales 
people  are  becoming  key  decision-makers. 
And  customers  are,  or  should  be,  getting 
better  service. 

John  Gallagher,  professor  of  computing 
at  the  Fuqua  School  of  Business,  has  been 


Those  who  are 

connected  know  the 

power  of  this  thing 

called  the  Internet. 

The  rest  of  us  are 

"clueless  newbies." 


observing  how  the  evolution  of  computer 
technology  has  led  to  key  changes  in  cor- 
porate culture.  He  talks  of  how  the  first 
computers — the  mainframes — were  con- 
sidered the  domain  of  specialists,  housed 
in  separate  rooms,  and  used  primarily  as  a 
record-keeping  tool.  With  the  arrival  of 
the  personal  computer,   the  technology's 


use  grew  beyond  specialists  and  into  the 
hands  of  managers.  P.C.s  were  placed  on 
every  desk  and  used  by  managers  to  ana- 
lyze numbers  to  make  personal  decisions, 
and  to  create  documents  to  persuade  their 
superiors  that  their  insights  were  correct. 

"The  big  change  taking  place  now  is 
that  computing  is  going  through  a  person- 
centric  rather  than  an  office-centric  mode," 
Gallagher  says.  "This  is  being  brought  on 
by  technological  advances  like  the  wire- 
less, remote  computer.  Sales  people  on  the 
road  can  now  be  connected  with  the  cen- 
tral business  as  if  they  were  in  the  office. 
There  is  much  more  computing  happening 
out  where  the  company  meets  the  cus- 
tomer. That  has  major  implications  for  the 
structure  of  business  and  the  speed  and  qual- 
ity of  service  provided  to  the  customer." 

Gallagher  gives  the  example  of  the  cus- 
tomer who  wants  to  install  a  new  comput- 
er system.  In  the  past,  a  salesperson  would 
come  out  and  discuss  various  options.  The 


September-October    i  993 


customer  might  say  she  can't  go  over  a  cer- 
tain price.  Then  the  salesperson  would 
write  up  a  configuration  of  parts  and  go 
back  to  the  home  office  to  get  a  price 
quote  approved  by  his  superiors.  Now, 
with  portable  computing  equipment  in 
hand,  the  salesperson  can  draw  up  a  con- 
figuration, confirm  that  he  has  specified 
the  order  properly,  and  give  a  firm  quote 
on  the  spot.  In  addition  to  placing  firm 
orders,  salespeople  can  instantaneously 
track  the  order,  make  changes  to  the 
order,  and  be  able  to  tell  the  customer 
what  the  implications  of  that  change  will 
be  for  cost  and  delivery  date. 

"All  of  this  reduces  the  need  for  middle 
management,"  Gallagher  says.  "It's  one 
reason  why,  on  top  of  the  recession,  we're 
seeing  so  many  middle  managers  laid  off. 
Many  of  them  will  never  be  hired  back." 

Gallagher  says  such  advances  in  com- 
puter technology  are  also  having  major 
implications  for  the  internal  hierarchies  of 
businesses. 

"Business  grew  up  in  this  country 
employing  a  military-model  chain  of  com- 
mand, which  was  designed  to  provide 
checks  all  along  the  way  to  make  sure  deci- 
sions were  right,"  he  says.  "The  empower- 
ment of  people  in  the  field  challenges  that 
hierarchical  structure.  Computer  systems 
are  now  capable  of  checking  details  and 
authorizing  transactions." 

Gallagher  says  other  developments  in 
computer-related  technology  are  also  pro- 
ducing an  explosion  of  data,  which  offers 
the  possibility  of  better  matching  products 
to  individual  markets.  At  a  retail  level,  the 
use  of  bar  codes  and  scanners  not  only 
allows  stores  to  speed  up  checkout  and 
track  inventory,  it  also  allows  a  quick  and 
detailed  analysis  of  sales  trends. 

"Companies  like  A&P  can  sell  all  sorts 
of  sales  data  back  to  their  suppliers,"  Gal- 
lagher says.  "For  example,  they  can  tell 
Pepsi  about  soft  drink  merchandising  in 
individual  A&P  stores  on  a  weekly  basis. 
Pepsi  can  learn  what  happens  to  their  sales 
when  Coke  promotes  its  product." 

The  result  of  all  this,  Gallagher  says,  is 
that  companies  can  get  away  from  mass 
marketing  of  products  and  can  tailor  spe- 
cific deals  that  make  sense  for  individual 
stores.  This  "local  marketing"  means  shop- 
pers will  be  more  likely  to  find  the  prod- 
ucts that  match  their  individual  tastes. 

"The  problem  with  this  data  explosion 
is  that  you  can  ask  and  answer  a  jillion 
questions,"  Gallagher  says.  "In  the  past, 
managers  have  been  responsible  for  mak- 
ing decisions  without  much  relevant  data. 
Now  they  have  to  figure  out  what  data  to 
pick  and  choose,  how  to  interpret  it,  and 
what  to  do  about  it." 

Gallagher  says  there  are  potential  down- 
sides to  this  data  access  for  consumers. 


"The  big  change  taking 

place  now  is  that 

computing  is  going 

through  a  person-centric 

rather  than  an 

office-centric  mode." 

JOHN  GALLAGHER 
Professor  of  Computing,  Fuqua  School  of  Business 


Where  consumers  use  personal  identifica- 
tion, such  as  check-authorization  cards  or 
credit  cards,  to  make  a  purchase,  their  buy- 
ing habits  may  then  become  a  matter  of 
record,  to  be  used  in  potentially  undesir- 
able ways.  Purchasers  of  diapers  may  find 
their  mailboxes  filled  with  coupons  for 
baby  food.  Worse  yet,  those  X-rated  videos 
you  rented  while  your  wife  (or  husband) 
was  out  of  town  may  now  become  public 
record  at  your  child  custody — or  Supreme 
Court  nomination — hearing. 

"It's  one  thing  for  a  store  to  have 
records  of  what  they  sell  under  different 
conditions,"  says  Gallagher.  "It's  another 
thing  when  they  have  data  that  tell  who 
purchased  what.  Most  people  feel  their 
purchases  are  anonymous.  When  purchase 
pattern  data  are  used  in  ways  consumers 
did  not  intend,  we  run  into  serious  issues 
of  privacy." 

Are  there  other  potential  hazards  to  this 
explosion  of  access  and  information?  Do 
we  need  someone  to  monitor  the  net- 
works, to  spare  our  children  from  seeing 
the  pornographic  images  on  alt. binaries. pic- 
tures .erotica'! 

Jerry  Campbell  M.Div.  '71  is  Duke's 
vice  provost  for  computing  and  uni- 
versity librarian.  He  has  been  a  key 
figure  in  the  move  to  install  a  fiber  optic 
backbone  throughout  the  Duke  campus 
that  will  give  all  students  access  to  multi- 
media communications  in  their  dorms  by 
the  fall  of  1994.  "I  don't  think  we  face  any 
greater  problems  with  computer  networks 
than  we  do  through  the  growth  and  dis- 
semination of  ideas  through  other  means," 
Campbell  says.  "Before  the  invention  of 
the  Gutenberg  Press,  most  books  and  man- 
uscripts were  controlled  by  the  clergy. 
With  the  arrival  of  the  press,  anybody  with 
access  to  it  could  print  anything  they 
wanted.  So  from  the  standpoint  of  the 
church,  yes,  it  caused  trouble.  But  I  don't 
think  anybody  else  felt  that  way.  In  the 
long  run,  these  things  have  to  be  self- 


policing.  You  don't  best  govern  them  by 
rules,  but  rather  by  the  morals  and  ethics 
of  the  people." 

What  about  those  without  access  to  net- 
works? Will  the  connected  leave  the 
unconnected  further  behind?  "It's  not 
unusual  that  there  is  a  group  who've 
exploited  a  new  source  of  information,"  he 
says.  "Again,  I'm  sure  the  same  thing  hap- 
pened when  the  Gutenberg  Press  was  first 
introduced.  The  important  thing  to  under- 
stand is  that  once  you  have  access  to  net- 
worked computers,  you  can  learn  from 
anywhere.  You  could  be  on  a  mountain 
top  in  Tibet  and  still  gain  access  to  the 
Library  of  Congress.  That's  why  it's  impor- 
tant to  get  as  many  people  connected  as 
soon  as  possible.  North  Carolina  is  leading 
the  nation  in  this  respect.  We  are  the  first 
state  where  telephone  companies  are 
installing  fiber  optic  cable  statewide. 
When  that  is  complete,  the  wealth  of 
information  that  we  in  academe  have 
access  to  will  be  available  in  every  home." 

But  what  happens  when  ever-more  daz- 
zling technologies  such  as  virtual  reality 
invade  the  home,  the  dorm  room,  and  the 
workplace?  Will  we  become  more  engaged 
as  a  society  or  more  isolated — a  nation  of 
v.r.  junkies?  "I  can  think  of  people  for  whom 
virtual  reality  would  be  an  escape  from 
reality,  and  I  can  think  of  people  for  whom 
it  would  be  a  vast  improvement  in  their 
lives,"  Campbell  says.  "Anything  wonder- 
ful that  we  invent  comes  with  some  degree 
of  danger.  Has  television  been  good  or  bad 
for  society?  Would  you  erase  it  from  human 
history?  It's  a  hard  question  to  answer." 

Landen  Bain's  wife  walks  in  the  door 
with  an  armful  of  groceries.  In  the 
course  of  unloading  them,  she  asks 
Bain  if  he  has  heard  the  term  "mud  lus- 
cious." She  says  she  overheard  a  man  at 
the  grocery  store  using  the  word — he 
recalled  only  that  it  was  from  an  e.e.  cum- 
mings  poem.  Bain  does  not  know  the 
answer,  but  his  curiosity  has  been  aroused. 

He  walks  over  to  the  computer  and  logs 
on  to  the  Internet.  Under  the  category 
alt. rec. poems,  he  posts  a  request  for  some- 
one to  provide  him  with  the  name  and 
text  of  cummings'  poem  using  the  term 
"mud  luscious." 

"Maybe  we'll  get  something,  maybe 
not,"  Bain  says.  "One  thing's  for  sure,  if  I 
go  out  to  the  library  to  research  this,  it 
would  take  me  hours.  I  would  never  do  it." 

The  following  morning,  Bain  checks  his 
e-mail  "box."  Sure  enough,  one  Richard 
Poutt  from  Berkeley,  California,  has 
answered  his  posting.  The  name  of  the 
poem,  Poutt  says,  is  "in  just  spring."  ■ 


John  Manuel  is  a  free-la 
Durham. 


iter  living  in 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


-.  TTNES 


In  an  excerpt  from 
his  book,  a  Duke 
gineering  professo 
traces  how  the  fork 
solved  from  the  knif 
and  how  other  tools 


specialized  needs. 


t  h  e  r 
than  the 
sky  and 
some  trees, 
everything  I 
can  see  from 
where  I  now  sit 
is  artificial.  The  desk, 
books,  and  computer  before  me;  the  chair, 
rug,  and  door  behind  me;  the  lamp,  ceiling, 
and  roof  above  me;  the  roads,  cars,  and 
buildings  outside  my  window,  all  have 
been  made  by  disassembling  and  reassem- 
bling parts  of  nature.  If  truth  be  told,  even 
the  sky  has  been  colored  by  pollution,  and 
the  stand  of  trees  has  been  oddly  shaped  to 
conform  to  the  space  allotted  by  develop- 
ment. Virtually  all  urban  sensual  experi- 
ence has  been  touched  by  human  hands, 
and  thus  the  vast  majority  of  us  experience 
the  physical  world,  at  least,  as  filtered 
through  the  process  of  design. 

Given  that  so  much  of  our  perception 
involves  made  things,  it  is  reasonable  to 
ask  how  they  got  to  look  the  way  they  do. 
How  is  it  that  an  artifact  of  technology  has 
one  shape  rather  than  another?  By  what 
process  do  the  unique,  and  not-so-unique, 
designs  of  manufactured  goods  come  to  be? 
Is  there  a  single  mechanism  whereby  the 
tools  of  different  cultures  evolve  into  dis- 
tinct forms  and  yet  serve  the  same  essen- 
tial function?  To  be  specific,  can  the 
development  of  the  knife  and  fork  of  the 
West  be  explained  by  the  same  principle 
that  explains  the  chopsticks  of  the  East? 
Can  any  single  theory  explain  the  shape  of 
the  Western  saw,  which  cuts  on  the  push 
stroke,  as  readily  as  an  Eastern  one  which 
cuts  on  the  pull?  If  form  does  not  follow 
function  in  any  deterministic  way,  then  by 
what  mechanism  do  the  shapes  and  forms 
of  our  world  come  to  be?. . . 

This  extended  essay,  which  may  be  read 
as  a  refutation  of  the  design  dictum  that 
"form  follows  function,"  has  led  to  consid- 
erations that  go  beyond  things  chemselves 
to  the  roots  of  the  often  ineffable  creative 
process  of  invention  and  design. 

ot  until  the  seventeenth  century 
did  the  fork  appear  in  England. 
I  Thomas  Coryate,  an  Englishman 
who  traveled  in  France,  Italy,  Switzerland, 
and   Germany   in    1608,   published   three 


years  later  an  account  of  his  adventures  in 
a  book  titled,  in  part,  Crudities  Hastily  Gob- 
bled Up  in  Five  Months.  At  that  time,  when 
a  large  piece  of  meat  was  set  on  a  table  in 
England,  the  diners  were  still  expected  to 
partake  of  this  main  dish  by  slicing  off  a 
portion  each  while  holding  the  roast 
steady  with  the  fingers  of  their  free  hand. 
Coryate  saw  it  done  differently  in  Italy: 

I  observed  a  custom  in  all  those  Ital- 
ian cities  and  towns  through  which  I 
passed,  that  is  not  used  in  any  other 
country  that  I  saw  in  my  travels,  nei- 
ther do  I  think  that  any  other  nation 
of  Christendom  doth  use  it,  but  only 
Italy.  The  Italians,  and  also  most 
strangers  that  are  commorant  in  Italy, 
do  always  at  their  meals  use  a  little 
fork  when  they  cut  their  meat.  For 
while  with  their  knife  which  they 
hold  in  one  hand  they  cut  the  meat 
out  of  the  dish,  they  fasten  the  fork, 
which  they  hold  in  their  other  hand, 
upon  the  same  dish;  so  that  whatsoever 


of  this  their  curiosity  is,  because  the 
Italian  cannot  by  any  means  indure  to 
have  his  dish  touched  with  fingers, 
seeing  all  men's  fingers  are  not  alike 
clean.  Hereupon  I  myself  thought  to 
imitate  the  Italian  fashion  by  this 
forked  cutting  of  meat,  not  only  while 
I  was  in  Italy,  but  also  in  Germany, 
and  oftentimes  in  England  since  I 
came  home. 

Coryate  was  jokingly  called  "Furcifer," 
which  meant  literally  "fork  bearer,"  but 
which  also  meant  "gallows  bird,"  or  one 
who  deserved  to  be  hanged.  Forks  spread 
slowly  through  England,  for  the  utensil 
was  much  ridiculed  as  "an  effeminate  piece 
of  finery,"  according  to  the  historian  of 
inventions  John  Beckmann.  He  docu- 
mented further  the  initial  reaction  to  the 
fork  by  quoting  from  a  contemporary 
dramatist  who  wrote  of  a  "fork-carving 
traveller"  being  spoken  of  "with  much 
contempt."  Furthermore,  no  less  a  play- 
wright than  Ben  Jonson  could  get  laughs 


If  form  does  not  follow  function 

in  any  deterministic  way, 

then  by  what  mechanism 

do  the  shapes  and  forms  of  our  world 

come  to  be? 


he  be  that  sitting  in  the  company  of 
any  others  at  the  meal,  should  unad- 
visedly touch  the  dish  of  meat  with 
his  fingers  from  which  all  at  the  table 
do  cut,  he  will  give  occasion  of 
offense  unto  the  company,  as  having 
transgressed  the  laws  of  good  man- 
ners, insomuch  that  for  his  error  he 
shall  be  at  least  brow  beaten  if  not 
reprehended  in  words.  This  form  of 
eating  I  understand  is  generally  used 
in  all  places  of  Italy;  their  forks  being 
for  the  most  part  made  of  iron  or 
steel,  and  some  of  silver,  but  those  are 
used  only  by  gentlemen.  The  reason 


for  his  characters  by  questioning,  in  The 
Devil  is  an  Ass,  first  produced  in  1616, 
"The  laudable  use  of  forks,  Brought  into 
custom  here  as  they  are  in  Italy,  To  the 
sparing  of  napkins." 

But  the  new  fashion  was  soon  being  taken 
more  seriously,  for  Jonson  could  also  write, 
in  Volpone,  "Then  must  you  learn  the  use 
and  handling  of  your  silver  fork  at  meals." 

Putting  aside  acceptance  and  custom, 
what  makes  the  fork  work,  of  course,  are 
its  tines.  But  how  many  tines  make  the 
fork,  and  why?  Something  with  a  single 
tine  is  hardly  a  fork,  and  would  be  no  bet- 
ter than  a  pointed  knife  for  spearing  and 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


holding  food.  The  toothpicks  at  cocktail 
patties  may  be  considered,  like  sharpened 
sticks,  rudimentary  forks,  but  most  of  us 
have  experienced  the  frusttation  of  manip- 
ulating a  toothpick  to  pick  up  a  piece  of 
shrimp  and  dip  it  in  sauce.  If  the  shrimp 
does  not  fall  off,  it  rotates  in  the  sauce  cup. 
If  the  shrimp  does  not  drop  into  the  cup, 
we  must  contort  our  hand  to  hold  the 
toothpick,  shrimp,  and  dripping  sauce 
toward  the  vertical  while  trying  to  put  the 
hors  d'oeuvres  on  our  horizontal  tongue. 
The  single-tined  fork  is  not  generally  an 
instrument  of  choice,  but  that  is  not  to  say 
it  does  not  have  a  place.  Butter  picks  are 


Photograms  by  Les  Todd  and  Pam  Chastain 

really  single-tined  forks,  but,  then,  we  do 
want  a  butter  pick  to  release  the  butter 
easily.  Escargot  and  nut  picks  might  also 
be  classified  as  single-pronged  forks,  but, 
then,  there  is  hardly  room  for  a  second 
tine  in  a  snail's  snug  spiral  or  a  pecan 
shell's  interstices. 

The  two-pronged  fork  is  ideal  for  carv- 
ing and  serving,  for  a  roast  can  be  held  in 
place  without  rotating,  and  the  fork  can  be 
slid  in  and  out  of  the  meat  relatively  easily. 
The  implement  can  be  moved  along  the 
roast   with   little   difficulty   and   can   also 


convey  slices  of  meat  from  carving  to  serv- 
ing platter  with  ease.  The  carving  fork 
functions  as  it  was  intended,  leaving  little 
to  be  desired,  and  so  it  has  remained  essen- 
tially unchanged  since  antiquity.  But  the 
same  is  not  true  for  the  table  fork. 

As  the  fork  grew  in  popularity,  its  form 
evolved,  for  its  shortcomings  became  evi- 
dent. The  earliest  table  forks,  which  were 
modeled  after  kitchen  carving  forks,  had 
two  straight  and  longish  tines  that  had 
developed  to  serve  the  principal  function 
of  holding  large  pieces  of  meat.  The  longer 
the  tines,  the  more  securely  something  like 
a  roast  could  be  held,  of  course,  but 
longish  tines  are  unnecessary  at  the  dining 
table.  Furthermore,  fashion  and  style  dic- 
tated that  tableware  look  different  from 
kitchenware,  and  so  since  the  seventeenth 
century  the  tines  of  table  forks  have  been 
considerably  shorter  and  thinner  than 
those  of  carving  forks. 

In  order  to  prevent  the  rotation  of  what 
was  being  held  for  cutting,  the  two  tines  of 
the  fork  were  necessarily  some  distance 
apart,  and  this  spacing  was  somewhat  stan- 
dardized. However,  small  loose  pieces  of 
food  fell  through  the  spaces  between  the 
tines  and  thus  could  not  be  picked  up  by 
the  fork  unless  speared.  Furthermore,  the 
very  advantage  of  two  tines  for  carving 
meat,  their  ease  of  removal,  made  it  easy 
for  speared  food  to  slip  off  early  table  forks. 
Through  the  introduction  of  a  third  tine, 
not  only  could  the  fork  function  more  effi- 
ciently as  something  like  a  scoop  to  deliver 
food  to  the  mouth,  but  also  food  pierced 
by  more  tines  was  less  likely  to  fall  off 
between  plate  and  mouth. 

If  three  tines  were  an  improvement,  then 
four  were  even  better.  By  the  early  eight- 
eenth century,  in  Germany,  four-tined 
forks  looked  as  they  do  today,  and  by  the 
end  of  the  nineteenth  century  the  four- 
tined  dinner  fork  became  the  standard  in 
England.  There  have  been  five-  and  six- 
tined  forks,  but  four  appears  to  be  the  opti- 
mum. Fout  tines  provide  a  relatively  broad 
surface  and  yet  do  not  feel  too  wide  for  the 
mouth.  Nor  does  a  four-tined  fork  have  so 
many  tines  that  it  resembles  a  comb,  or 
function  like  one  when  being  pressed  into 
apiece  of  meat.... 

The  evolution  of  the  fork  in  turn  had  a 
profound  impact  on  the  evolution  of  the 


September-  Octobi 


table  knife.  With  the  introduction  of  the 
fork  as  a  more  efficient  spearer  of  food,  the 
pointed  knife  tip  became  unnecessary.  But 
many  articles  retain  nonfunctional  vestiges 
of  earlier  forms,  and  so  why  did  not  the 
knife?  The  reason  appears  to  be  at  least  as 
much  social  as  technical.  When  everyone 
carried  a  personal  knife  not  only  as  a  singu- 
lar eating  utensil  but  also  as  a  tool  and  a 
defensive  weapon,  the  point  had  a  purpose 
well  beyond  the  spearing  of  food.  Indeed, 
many  a  knife  carrier  may  have  preferred  to 
employ  his  fingers  for  lifting  food  to  his 
mouth  rather  than  the  tip  of  his  most 
prized  possession.  According  to  Erasmus' 
1530  book  on  manners,  it  was  not  impolite 
to  resort  to  fingers  to  help  yourself  from  the 
pot  as  long  as  you  "use  only  three  fingers  at 
most"  and  you  "take  the  first  piece  of  meat 
or  fish  that  you  touch."  As  for  the  knife, 
the  young  were  admonished,  "Don't  clean 
your  teeth  with  your  knife."  A  French  book 
of  advice  to  students  recognized  the  implic- 
it threat  involved  in  using  a  weapon  at  the 
table,  and  instructed  its  readers  to  place  the 
sharp  edge  of  their  knife  facing  toward 
themselves,  not  their  neighbor,  and  to  hold 
it  by  its  point  in  passing  it  to  someone  else. 
Such  customs  have  influenced  how 
today's  table  is  set  and  how  we  are  expect- 
ed to  behave  at  it.  In  Italy,  for  example, 
when  one  is  eating  with  a  fork  alone,  it  is 
correct  to  rest  the  free  hand  in  full  view  on 
the  table  edge.  Though  this  might  be  con- 
sidered poor  manners  in  America,  the  cus- 
tom is  believed  to  have  originated  in  the 
days  when  the  visible  hand  showed  one's 
fellow  diners  that  no  weapon  was  being 
held  in  the  lap. 

A  chef  s  knife  and  a  joiner's  saw  per- 
form similar  functions  in  analogous 
contexts.  Each  is  used  by  a  fre- 
quently sullen  artisan  to  prepare  the  parts 
of  some  grand  design,  whether  it  be  an  ele- 
gant dish  for  the  table  or  a  fine  sideboard 
for  the  dining  room.  Since  cooking  and 
joinery  are  ancient  arts,  the  business  ends 
of  cutting  tools  have  evolved  to  a  highly 
specialized  state,  and  different  knives  and 
saws  are  used  according  to  the  task  at 
hand.  But  whether  the  handles  on  a  chefs 
set  of  knives  or  a  joiner's  collection  of  saws 
match  or  are  attractive  is  seldom  the  over- 
riding feature  by  which  they  are  chosen  or 


upon  which  the  artisan's  talents  or  work  is 
judged.  Rather,  a  master's  favorite  old  knife 
or  saw  may  have  so  chipped  and  splintered 
a  handle  that  no  apprentice  would  likely 
ever  choose  it  over  a  newer  model.  The 
visibly  misshapen  handles  of  many  long- 
used  tools  neither  recommend  nor  fit  them 
to  any  but  the  craftsman  whose  hand  has 
eroded  them  over  a  lifetime  as  impercepti- 
bly as  a  river  does  its  canyon's  walls. 

A  table  knife  also  shares  functional  traits 
with  kitchen  knives  and  wood  saws,  but 
the  social  context  in  which  the  table  im- 


tinctions  and  the  emergence  of  mass  pro- 
duction, the  ability  to  make  and  the  desire 
to  own  a  variety  of  things  in  a  variety  of 
prescribed  styles  came  together  in  the 
mixed  blessing  of  a  consumer  society.  The 
social  context  in  which  an  artifact  is  used 
can  indeed  have  a  considerable  influence 
on  the  more  decorative  and  nonessential 
variations  in  its  form.  However,  the  evolu- 
tion of  functional  details  is  still  very  much 
driven  by  failure  in  contexts  ranging  from 
the  genial  to  the  sullen. 

In  spite  of  Marx's  astonishment  that  500 


Putting  aside  acceptance  and  custom, 

what  makes  the  fork  work, 

of  course,  are  its  tines. 

But  how  many  tines  make  the  fork, 

and  why? 


plement  is  used  places  it  in  a  different  cate- 
gory entirely.  There  is  an  element  of  social 
intercourse  present  at  the  dinner  table, 
where  actions  are  steeped  in  the  conscious 
and  unconscious  traditions  and  supersti- 
tions associated  with  breaking  bread,  that  is 
simply  not  present  at  the  kitchen  counter 
or  the  workshop  bench.  There  the  artisan 
works  by  and  large  silently  and  alone,  amid 
a  creative  disarray  of  parts  and  tools.  In  con- 
trast, the  diners  around  a  table  are  seldom 
creating  anything  but  conversation  and 
the  other  ephemera  of  a  dinner  party — a 
performance  in  the  round  in  which  they 
are  both  actors  and  audience.  Indeed,  the 
most  essential  thing  that  does  take  place  at 
a  dinner  table  is  not  supposed  to  be  cre- 
ative, but  is,  rather,  expected  to  conform 
to  the  often  arbitrary  rules  of  manners,  eti- 
quette, and  fashion. 

The  consumption  of  food,  like  the  wear- 
ing of  clothes,  is  something  we  all  do. 
When  these  things  were  done  by  our  prim- 
itive ancestors,  they  may  have  paid  less 
attention  to  style  than  to  substance.  But 
with  the  advance  of  civilization,  including 
in  particular  the  development  of  class  dis- 


different  kinds  of  hammers  were  made  in 
Birmingham  in  the  1860s,  this  was  no  cap- 
italist plot.  Indeed,  if  there  was  a  plot,  it 
was  to  not  make  more.  The  proliferation  of 
hammer  types  occurred  because  there  were 
then,  as  now,  many  specialized  uses  of 
hammers,  and  each  user  wished  to  possess  a 
tool  that  was  suited  as  ideally  as  possible  to 
the  tasks  he  performed  perhaps  thousands 
of  times  each  day,  but  seldom  if  ever  in  a 
formal  social  context.  I  have  often  reflect- 
ed on  the  value  of  special  hammers  while 
using  the  two  ordinary  ones  from  my  tool 
chest:  a  familiar  carpenter's  hammer  with 
a  claw,  and  a  smaller  version  that  fits  in 
places  the  larger  one  does  not.  The  tasks 
I've  applied  them  to  have  included  driving 
and  removing  nails,  of  course,  but  also  open- 
ing and  closing  paint  cans,  pounding  on 
chisels,  tacking  down  carpets,  straightening 
dented  bicycle  fenders,  breaking  bricks, 
driving  wooden  stakes,  and  on  and  on. 

When  I  use  my  ordinary  hammer  for 
something  other  than  driving  or  pulling 
nails,  I  normally  do  not  do  a  very  good  job; 
the  damage  that  I  inflict  on  an  object  of 
my  pounding  suggests  a  modification  of  my 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


hammer  for  that  spe- 
cial purpose.  In  clos- 
ing paint-can  lids, 
for  example,  I  have 
learned  to  pound  care- 
fully if  I  do  not  want 
to  dent  the  top  and 
make  it  difficult  to 
get  an  airtight  seal;  a 
hammer  with  a  very 
broad  and  flat  head 
would  be  better.  In 
pounding  on  chisels, 
I  have  noticed  that  my 
hammer  often  slips  off 
or  misses  its  mark;  a 
very  large-headed  mal- 
let would  be  better. 
In  tacking  carpets 
close  to  a  baseboard, 
I  have  either  gouged 
the  baseboard,  bent 
the  tack,  or  smashed 
my  thumb;  a  long  and 
narrow  head,  magne- 
tized to  hold  a  tack 
in  place,  would  be 
better.  In  trying  to 
straighten  out  dents 
in  a  contoured  bicy- 
cle fender,  I  have 
found  that  even  my 
smaller  hammer  has 
too  large  and  flat 
a  head;  a  ball-peen 
hammer  would  be 
better.  In  attempting 
to  break  bricks  in  two 
by  striking  them  with 
my  hammer's  claw,  I 
have  gotten  slanted 
edges  at  best;  a  hammer  with  a  chisel  claw 
set  more  nearly  perpendicular  to  the  han- 
dle would  be  better.  In  pounding  wooden 
stakes  into  the  ground,  I  have  found  it  dif- 
ficult to  keep  a  stake's  end  from  splitting;  a 
hammer  with  a  broader  and  softer  head 
would  be  better.  In  short,  if  I  were  doing 
these  things  not  only  now  and  then  on 
weekends  but  every  day  on  a  job,  I  would 
want  just  the  right  hammer  to  do  the  job 
just  right.  If  I  were  to  try  to  accomplish 
500  different  things  with  a  single  hammer, 
I  might  find  at  least  500  faults  and  invent 
more  than  500  variations  of  the  hammer. 


And  as  with  the  hammer,  so  with  the  saw 
and  other  tools;  the  quality  of  my  work 
and  my  reputation  could  suffer  if  I  did  not 
have  the  proper  specialized  tools. 

Whatever  my  profession,  my  social  rep- 
utation rests  more  on  how  I  handle  silver- 
ware than  on  how  I  do  a  hammer.  But  high- 
ly specialized  pieces  of  cutlery  have  now 
fallen  out  of  fashion,  and  so  eating  with  the 
few  that  remain  can  be  even  trickier  than 
hammering.  Since  the  days  when  diners 
brought  their  own  forks  and  knives  to  the 
table  are  long  gone,  we  are  expected  to 
adapt  instantly  to  whatever  odd  and  unusu- 


al piece  of  silverware  might  be  set  before 
us,  whether  or  not  its  end  fits  the  food  or 
whether  or  not  its  handle  fits  our  hand. 
This  state  of  affairs  is  as  much  a  result  of 
the  evolution  of  manner,  style,  and  fashion 
as  it  is  of  the  rational  development  of  form. 
Indeed,  the  latter  can  actually  be  curtailed 
by  the  external  factors  of  economics  and 
the  arbitrary  clock  of  fashion. 


From  The  Evolution  of  Useful  Things  fry  Henry 
Petroski.  Copyright  ©  1993  by  Henry  Petroski. 
Reprinted  by  permission  of  Alfred  A.  Knopf,  Inc. 


September-October    1993 


College  Crystal,  Inc. 

Professional  Decorators  of  Glass  and  Crystal 

For  Times  too  good  to  forget, 

deep  etched  memories  that  will  not  wash  away! 


•  Monograms  available 

•  Greek  letters  for 
Fraternities  &  Sororities 

•  Free  initial  on  orders 
placed  before  October  31st 


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VALUABLE 
VOLUNTEERS 


Charles  A.  Dukes  Awards  will  be  pre- 
sented to  twelve  alumni  this  year  in 
recognition  of  outstanding  volun- 
teer service  to  the  university.  Recipients 
were  chosen  by  the  Duke  Alumni  Associa- 
tion's board  of  directors  and  the  Annual 
Fund's  executive  committee.  Established 
in  1983,  the  awards  were  named  to  honor 
the  late  Charles  A.  Dukes  '29,  director  of 
alumni  affairs  from  1944  to  1963. 

This  year's  recipients  are:  Jay  M.  Arena 
M.D.  '32,  Lawrence  E.  Blanchard  '42, 
Louis  H.  Fracher  '42,  William  O.  Goodwin 
'68,  Nancy  Jordan  Ham  '82,  Harvey  B. 
Hamrick  '54,  Virginia  Versagli  Herndon 
75,  Thomas  P.  Losee  Jr.  '63,  David  C. 
Martin  '52,  William  W.  Neil  III  '54,  Peter 
R.  Schmidt  '56,  and  Nancy  Russell  Shaw 
70,J.D'73. 

Arena,  professor  of  pediatrics  emeritus, 
has  been  associated  with  the  Duke  Medical 
Alumni  Association  since  it  was  established 
in  1940  and  now  serves  as  its  secretary- 
treasurer.  He  has  chaired  the  Fifty-plus 
Medical  Alumni  Reunion  since  1989.  A 
strong  supporter  of  Duke's  pediatrics  depart- 
ment, he  initiated  the  Duke  Children's 
Classic  with  Perry  Como  as  chairman;  the 
event  has  raised  more  than  $7  million  in  its 
twenty-year  history.  He  lives  in  Durham. 

Blanchard,  a  retired  vice  chair  of  the 
Ethyl  Corporation  living  in  Richmond, 
Virginia,  chaired  the  Class  of  1942's  fifti- 
eth reunion,  which  broke  all  existing 
attendance  records.  He  served  on  his  forty- 
fifth  reunion  planning  committee  and  was 
a  member  of  Richmond's  Alumni  Admis- 
sions Advisory  Committee  during  the 
Fifties  and  Sixties.  He  is  a  charter  life 
member  of  the  Duke  Alumni  Association. 

Fracher,  rector  emeritus  of  St.  John's  Epis- 
copal Church  in  Waynesboro,  Virginia,  has 
a  long  history  of  reunion  planning.  Before 
serving  on  his  fiftieth  reunion's  planning 
committee  and  acting  as  editor  of  his  class' 
commemorative  yearbook,  he  helped  plan 
his  class'  tenth  and  twenty-fifth  reunions. 
He  is  a  member  of  the  Washington  Duke 
Club  and  the  Half  Century  Club. 


'I*  ill  wHv 

~~  GharksTv  Dukes  Award 

OutsBranS.VoluW«^«iM 

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Duke  University 

Goodwin,  of  Atlanta,  Georgia,  who  is 
this  year's  twenty-fifth  reunion's  gift  chair, 
is  also  a  member  of  the  Annual  Fund's 
executive  committee,  the  Atlanta  Develop- 
ment Council,  and  the  Atlanta  Executive 
Leadership  Board.  A  former  class  agent,  he 
is  a  past  member  of  the  Alumni  Admis- 
sions Advisory  Committee. 

Ham,  chief  financial  officer  at  ActaMed 
Corporation,  has  been  involved  with  the 
Duke  Club  of  Atlanta  since  1989.  She 
served  as  treasurer  and  was  a  member  of 
the  planning  team  for  the  first  Alzheimer's 
Research  Benefit  dinner  and  golf  tourna- 
ment. She  chaired  the  project  the  follow- 
ing year.  The  two  events  raised  more  than 
$150,000,  ranking  as  the  largest  amount 
ever  collected  by  an  alumni  club  fund-rais- 
ing event.  She  stepped  down  as  president 
of  the  Duke  Club  of  Atlanta  this  year. 

Hamrick,  of  Shelby,  North  Carolina, 
chairs  the  new  Sarah  P.  Duke  Gardens 
Board  of  Advisers,  overseeing  the  develop- 
ment and  approval  of  a  mission  statement 
for  the  garden.  Through  his  initiative,  the 
gardens  secured  a  valuable  private  collec- 
tion of  North  Carolina  millstones  for  the 
Blomquist  Garden  of  Native  Plants.  He 
also  serves  on  the  President's  Council  as  a 


member  of  the  William  Preston  Few  Asso- 
ciation and  is  a  loyal  participant  in  the 
B.N.  Duke  Leadership  Program  and  the 
Stead  Fellowship  at  Duke  Medical  Center. 

Herndon,  of  Wilmington,  Delaware,  has 
chaired  the  Alumni  Admissions  Advisory 
Committee  of  Delaware  since  1979.  She 
oversees  more  than  a  dozen  volunteers 
who  interview  prospective  students  and 
hosts  the  annual  party  for  accepted  stu- 
dents. She  is  also  a  former  officer  and  a 
current  member  of  the  executive  commit- 
tee of  the  Duke  Club  of  Delaware. 

Losee,  of  Cold  Spring  Harbor,  New 
York,  is  publisher  of  Architectural  Digest. 
He  is  a  charter  member  of  Duke  Magazine's 
Editorial  Advisory  Board  and  adviser  to 
the  University  Magazine  Network,  an  adver- 
tising consortium  of  ten  research  universi- 
ties, established  by  Duke's  magazine  with 
Losee's  assistance.  He  is  a  member  of  the 
President's  Council  and  his  class'  reunion 
planning  committee,  a  former  class  officer, 
and  past  president  and  a  current  member 
of  his  area's  Alumni  Admissions  Advisory 
Committee. 

Martin,  of  York,  Pennsylvania,  has  been 
president  of  his  area's  Alumni  Admissions 
Advisory  Committee  since  it  was  estab- 
lished a  decade  ago.  As  a  committee  of 
one,  until  this  year,  he  has  interviewed  as 
many  as  nineteen  applicants  in  a  year  from 
admissions  office  interview  referrals. 

Neil,  of  Charlotte,  North  Carolina, 
chaired  the  Northern  New  Jersey  Develop- 
ment Council  before  moving  south.  He 
now  chairs  the  Charlotte  Development 
Council,  where  major  gifts  from  his  region 
have  surpassed  the  goal  by  200  percent. 

Schmidt,  of  Mendham,  New  Jersey,  has 
co-chaired  the  Northern  New  Jersey  Devel- 
opment Council  since  1989.  Through  his 
efforts,  the  Council  increased  its  volun- 
teers from  sixteen  to  thirty-six  and,  under 
his  leadership,  raised  $1.5  million.  His  is 
the  only  region  with  an  ongoing  regional 
scholarship  effort.  He  is  the  chief  operat- 
ing officer  of  Broadway  &.  Seymour. 

Shaw,  of  Charlotte,  North  Carolina, 
chairs  The  Barristers,  the  law  school's  high- 
est level  donor  organization.  She  served  on 
the  Law  Alumni  Council  from  1989-92 
and  was  the  first  president  of  the  local  law 


September-October    1  993 


17 


alumni  association,  which  she  helped  orga- 
nize in  1989.  She  is  also  a  charter  life 
member  of  the  Duke  Alumni  Association. 
An  adjunct  member  of  Duke's  law  faculty, 
she  is  an  attorney  with  Poyner  and  Spruill. 


EDUCATING  THE 
APPLICANTS 


Demystifying  the  college  application 
process  was  the  goal  of  the  fourth 
annual  Alumni  Admissions  Forum 
held  in  the  Bryan  University  Center  in 
June.  Sponsored  by  the  Duke  Alumni 
Association,  the  forum  attracted  more  than 
200  people — seventy-six  families — for  a 
full  day  of  listening  and  learning. 

"One  of  our  primary  missions  is  educa- 
tion," said  Paula  Phillips  Burger  '67,  A.M. 
'74,  outgoing  Duke  executive  vice  provost, 
in  her  welcoming 
remarks,  "and  it 
seems  perfectly  ap- 
propriate for  us  to 
help  educate  you 
about  something  as 
important  as  the 
college  admissions 
process. 

"I'm  struck  by 
the  fact  that  the 
beginning  of  the 
college  application 
process  is  an  impor- 
tant rite  of  passage, 
not  just  for  the  six- 
teen- or  seventeen-year-olds  involved,  but 
for  their  parents  as  well.  For  both,  it  repre- 
sents a  certain  coming  of  age." 

Alumni  Affairs  director  M.  Laney  Funder- 
burk  '60  paid  tribute  to  Burger  for  being  "in- 
strumental in  helping  us  establish  this  pro- 
gram four  years 
ago."  (Burger 
has  left  Duke 
for  Johns  Hop- 
kins, where  she 
will  be  vice 
provost  for  aca- 
demic  pro- 
grams.) He  then 
introduced 
Christoph 
Guttentag,  Duke's  director  of  undergradu- 
ate admissions,  who  presented  the  panel  of 
experts:  Phyllis  Gill,  college  guidance 
counselor  at  Providence  Day  School  in 
Charlotte;  Mimi  Grossman,  college  place- 
ment adviser  at  White  Station  High 
School  in  Memphis;  and  Thomas  Hassan, 
college  counseling  director  at  Phillips 
Exeter  Academy  in  New  Hampshire. 

"These  are  experienced,  well-educated 
professionals,"  said  Guttentag.  "They  have 


seen  it  all,  they  have  heard  it  all.  They  have 
counseled,  helped,  and  guided  very  strong 
students;  they  have  counseled,  helped,  and 
guided  very  weak  students,  and  everything 
in  between." 

The  panel,  meeting  in  four  sessions  with 
a  break  for  lunch,  covered  every  aspect  of 
the  process,  from  the  perspectives  of  both 
applicants  and  their  selections:  how  to 
choose  a  college  and  how  to  begin  the 
search;  the  myths,  rumors,  and  best  college 
guides;  what  colleges  are  looking  for;  and 
how  to  put  your  best  foot  forward. 

"Own  the  process.  Invest  yourself.  Step 
back  and  say,  'Why  do  I  want  to  go  to  col- 
lege?' "  advised  Hassan.  "There  is  a 
method  to  this  so-called  madness,"  said 
Grossman.  "Do  not  be  dissuaded  or  be 
totally  stressed  out  by  it."  "Getting  into 
college  is  not  the  goal,"  Gills  counseled. 
"That's  the  means  to  the  end." 

Questions  and  answers  followed  each  ses- 
sion. The  afternoon  session  featured 
James  Belvin,  Duke's  financial  aid 
director,  on  financing  higher  educa- 
tion, and  a  student  panel  on  life  at 
Duke,  from  their  perspective.  There 
were  optional  walking  tours  of  cam- 
pus and  a  discussion  by  Guttentag 
on  admission  to  Duke. 

"This  program  presents  a  tremen- 
dous advantage,"  said  one  parent  on 


Ask  the  experts:  admissions 
counselors  Hassan,  Gill,  and 
Grossman,  top,  and  an  c 
audience ,  above ;  alumni  director 
Funderburk,  at  left,  fields  ques- 
,   tions 
.§ 

I  a  his  evaluation  form.  Other 
responses  were  equally 
itive,  from  "clarified  some 
confusion  on  current  tests 
as  well  as  future  changes,"  to  "some  very 
insightful  comments  on  experiences  and 
feelings  to  be  anticipated  by  parents  and 
students  at  the  beginning  of  college." 

The  forum's  annual  mailing  list  is  deter- 
mined by  the  alumni  records  of  alumni 
parents  who  have  provided  birth  dates  of 
their  children.  Rising  tenth-,  eleventh-, 
and  twelfth-grade  students  on  file  are  in- 
vited^ Participation  in  the  forum  has  no 
effect    upon    a    student's    candidacy    for 


admission  to  Duke.  All  alumni  are  encour- 
aged to  submit  the  names  and  birth  dates 
of  their  children  to  get  on  the  mailing  list 
for  future  forums.  Notify  Alumni  Records, 
Box  90613,  Durham,  N.C.  27708-0613. 

For  information  on  next  summer's  forum, 
contact  Edith  Sprunt  Toms  '62,  Alumni 
Affairs'  assistant  director  for  alumni  admis- 
sions programs,  at  Alumni  House,  Box 
90576,  Durham,  N.C.  27708-0576. 


CHAPEL 
VOICES 


Refurbishing  an  old  chestnut:  When 
asked  "How  do  I  get  to  the  Messiah 
at  Duke  Chapel,"  a  student  on  the 
quad  replied,  "Rehearse,  rehearse,  rehearse!" 
For  fifty  former  Chapel  choristers,  that 
seemed  to  be  the  unspoken  theme  at  the 
third  Chapel  Choir  reunion,  held  in  June. 

Participants  ranged  from  singers  in 
Duke's  first  graduating  class  who  sang  in 
the  first  Messiah  (in  1933,  before  the 
Chapel's  stained  glass  windows  were  fin- 
ished) to  those  current  students  who'll  sing 
in  it  this  December.  But  the  high  note  of 
the  weekend  was  the  chance  to  sing  some 
Messiah  choruses  for  Sunday  worship  ser- 
vices in  the  Chapel  on  June  6. 

Here's  where  the  rehearsal  part  comes 
in:  Tucked  within  the  schedule  was  a  Fri- 
day rehearsal  in  the  chancel,  before  the 
evening's  poolside  reception  at  the  Shera- 
ton University  Inn;  a  rehearsal  Saturday 
morning  before  the  reunion  lunch;  a  sing- 
through  of  choruses  before  the  reunion 
banquet;  and  a  Sunday  morning  rehearsal 
before  the  coffee,  the  doughnuts,  the  rob- 
ing, the  group  photo,  and  eleven  o'clock 
worship  services. 

Rodney  Wynkoop,  director  of  Chapel 
music,  not  only  led  the  singing  but  also 
added  some  new  memories  to  some  old 
ones.  At  Saturday's  banquet,  alumni 
viewed  a  video  of  a  recent  concert  tour  of 
Poland  and  Czechoslovakia  undertaken  by 
the  Chapel  Choir  and  members  of  the 
Chorale.  The  entire  reunion  was  organized 
and  arranged  by  Donna  Sparks,  program 
director  in  the  Chapel  music  office. 


TRANSCRIPT  FEE 
DROPPED 


The  current  fee  of  $3  per  transcript 
for  anyone  requesting  a  copy  of  his 
or  her  academic  record  no  longer  ap- 
plies to  Duke  alumni.  In  May,  Duke's 
trustees  approved  a  recommendation  by  the 
provost  to  restructure  the  fees  in  response 
to  suggestions  by  the  registrar's  office  and 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


Alumni  Affairs.  The  change  is  meant  to 
improve  efficiency  in  the  registrar's  office 
and  to  increase  service  to  alumni. 

Beginning  this  fall,  all  non-medical  stu- 
dents matriculating  at  Duke  will  be  as- 
sessed a  one-time  transcript  fee  of  $30. 
Students  and  alumni  will  get  transcript 
service  as  needed  without  additional  charge, 
unless  they  request  special  handling  such 
as  express  mail.  The  registrar's  office  will 
develop  a  policy  on  "reasonable  use"  in  con- 
junction with  student  groups,  but  reserves 
the  right  to  refuse  unreasonable  requests. 

According  to  University  Registrar  Albert 
Eldridge,  "Removing  this  cash  handling 
function  from  the  registrar's  office  will  let 
us  focus  our  efforts  on  service  to  students, 
faculty,  and  alumni.  We  are  expecting 
responsible  use.  Our  intention  is  to  pro- 
vide prompt,  efficient  service  to  students 
and  alumni  who  have  a  legitimate  need  for 
copies  of  their  academic  records." 

Anyone  taking  Duke  courses  for  credit 
outside  of  regular  degree  programs  will  pay 
half  the  full  fee.  Since  medical  school  and 
allied  health  transcripts  are  not  processed 
through  the  university  registrar's  office, 
alumni  in  those  areas  are  not  affected  by 
this  change. 

Send  written,  signed  requests  for  tran- 
scripts, including  full  name,  school  attend- 
ed, Social  Security  number,  where  the 
transcript  is  to  be  sent,  and  your  address 
for  acknowledgment,  to:  Office  of  the  Regis- 
trar, Duke  University,  Box  90055,  Durham, 
N.C.  27708-0555;  or  you  may  fax  your 
signed  requests  to  (919)  684-4500.  Rush 
orders  will  be  sent  by  express  mail  if  you 
include  a  Visa  or  MasterCard  number  and 
expiration  date  with  your  request. 


PRESIDENTIAL 
PERSPECTIVES 


For  Stan  Brading  '74,  the  choice  of  col- 
lege wasn't  exactly  wrenching:  His 
mother,  sister,  and  brother-in-law 
were  all  Duke  graduates.  A  pleasant  expo- 
sure to  a  Duke  "Joe  College  Weekend"  dur- 
ing his  high  school  days  sealed  the  decision. 
It  was,  Brading  says,  an  interesting  time 
on  campus,  with  student  demonstrations 
against  the  bombing  of  Cambodia,  the  pres- 
idential campaign  of  then-university  presi- 
dent Terry  Sanford,  last-minute  basketball 
wins  and  losses  against  Carolina,  and  a 
national  record-setting  organized  "streak" — 
with  some  800  participants — between  the 
Chapel  and  North  Campus.  But  through  it 
all,  says  Brading,  who  majored  in  manage- 
ment science  and  accounting,  he  remained 
"a  rather  reserved  student." 

Since  his  student  days,  Brading  notes, 
Duke   has  excelled   in   national   rankings 


and  in  the  caliber  of  applicants  and  faculty 
members  it  attracts.  Not  so  reserved  any 
longer,  Brading  is  beginning  a  year  as  pres- 
ident of  the  Duke  Alumni  Association. 
That  position  is  the  culmination  of  years 
of  volunteer  alumni  involvement. 

He  came  to  Atlanta  in  1979,  where  he  is 
now  a  partner  with  the  law  firm  Morris, 
Manning  &  Martin,  concentrating  in  cor- 
porate, tax,  real  estate,  and  health  care  law. 
(His  law  degree  comes  from  Washington  & 
Lee  University.)  One  of  the  first  things  he 
did  upon  arrival  in  Atlanta,  he  says,  was  to 
call  the  local  president  of  the  Duke  club. 
He  soon  found  himself  helping  to  organize  a 
gathering  around  a  televised  Duke-Carolina 
basketball  game — an 
event  that  has  since 
grown  into  a  tradition 
in  Atlanta  and  else- 
where. For  four  years, 
beginning  in  1983,  he 
was  president  of  the 
Atlanta  club.  During 
that  time,  participa- 
tion increased  and  the 
repertoire  of  alumni 
events — including  a 
reception  for  H.  Keith 
H.  Brodie  shortly 
after  he  became  uni- 
versity president — 
was  broadened. 

Brading  joined  the 
alumni  association's 
board  of  directors  in 
1987,  chaired  the  Clubs  Committee  from 
1988  to  1990,  and  later  chaired  the  Awards 
and  Recognition  Committee  for  two  years. 
He  says  the  alumni  association  has  been 
making  "dramatic  advances,"  with  growth  in 
participation  in  club  activities,  students 
interviewed  by  AAAC  committee  members, 
and  interest  in  marketing  efforts  like  the 
alumni  credit  card. 

Brading  says  his  main  goal  as  president 
will  be  to  put  into  action  the  mission 
statement  and  the  long-range  plan  adopted 
by  the  alumni  association  last  spring.  The 
plan  talks  about  building  and  nurturing  life- 
long relationships  with  Duke  as  the  focus, 
promoting  lifelong  learning,  stimulating  con- 
versation between  alumni  and  other  campus 
constituencies,  and  creating  and  promoting 
opportunities  for  service  to  the  university, 
the  alumni,  and  society.  To  implement 
those  ideas,  the  alumni  association  has 
organized  five  ad-hoc  task  forces:  "Interna- 
tionalization," "Lifelong  Relationships/ 
Students  and  Alumni,"  "Lifelong  Learning/ 
Faculty  Relationships,"  "Infrastructure/ 
Resources,"  and  "Corporate  Identity/Com- 
munications/Marketing." 

Brading  says  that  through  its  committee 
structure,  the  alumni  association  "will  con- 
tinue our  oversight  of  the  ongoing  pro- 


DAA  president  Brading:  wants  to  "break  the 
paradigm"  of  the  last  several  years 


grams  of  the  alumni  association,"  including 
Alumni  Admissions  Advisory  Committees, 
clubs,  lifelong  learning  (continuing  educa- 
tion), member  benefits,  and  reunions.  "The 
traditional  programs,  which  have  been  the 
focus  of  the  past  several  years,  have  been 
established  and  are  running  well.  But  we 
want  to  examine  how  we  might  break  the 
paradigm  of  the  last  several  years,  making 
use  of  the  vast  resources  and  energy  of 
alumni  volunteers  and  seeing  what  the 
association  could  and  should  be  doing  that 
we  haven't  thought  of  before." 

During  his  presidency,  Brading  also  plans 
to  look  for  ways  to  give  alumni  a  greater 
voice  in  the  university  community,  and  for 
ways  for  the  universi- 
ty to  "tap  the  vast  re- 
sources of  its  alumni," 
he  says.  "Students  are 
only  at  Duke  for  an 
average  of  four  years, 
but  they  graduate  in- 
to alumni  status  for 
the  rest  of  their  lives. 
How  Duke's  reputa- 
tion and  public  per- 
ception change  will 
have  an  impact  on 
their  lives  for  many 
years.  Alumni  have  a 
vested  interest  in  day- 
to-day  life  at  Duke, 
they  have  an  informed 
perspective  on  Duke, 
and  they  need  to 
know  not  only  that  their  financial  contri- 
butions are  important  to  make,  but  that 
their  opinions,  energy,  and  enthusiasm  for 
Duke  are  also  important  and  depended 
upon  by  Duke."  The  student-life  issues 
addressed  in  a  recent  report  by  Dean  of 
the  Chapel  Will  Willimon  are  one  area, 
says  Brading,  where  alumni  opinions  might 
be  helpful.  (Willimon  pointed  to  a  percep- 
tion of  anti-intellectualism  in  spheres  of 
student  life  beyond  the  classroom.) 

Among  Brading's  other  alumni  interests 
this  year  is  exploring  the  possibility  of  set- 
ting up  an  organization  of  volunteer  presi- 
dents of  college  and  university  alumni 
associations.  Such  a  group  might  represent 
another  source  of  creative  thinking,  he  says. 
Brading  says  he's  encouraged  by  the 
early  comments  of  President  Nannerl  O. 
Keohane,  who  has  committed  herself  to 
meeting  alumni  across  the  country.  "Dr. 
Keohane  has  stated  a  strong  interest  in 
getting  to  know  Duke  alumni  and  in  com- 
municating with  them  directly.  I  think  her 
presidency  presents  a  special  opportunity 
for  alumni  to  develop  stronger  ties  to  Duke 
and  for  the  alumni  association  to  increase 
its  role  in  the  university  community." 


Sep  tember-Octobt 


I  993 


Continuing  the 

educational 

experience  through 

more  enriching 

adventures 

"Travel  is  part  of  education.. .a  part  of 
experience. ..He  that  travelled goeth  to 
school... " 

—  Francis  Bacon,  (1561-1626) 

Trans  Panama  Canal 

January  16-26 

The  Crystal  Harmony  trans-canal  adventure  will 
carry  you  in  elegance  and  luxury  on  an  unforget- 
table voyage  to  festive  Mexico,  the  historic 
Panama  Canal  and  colorful  Caribbean  Islands. 
You'll  cruise  from  Acapulco,  cross  the  Panama 
Canal  on  a  full-day,  50-mile  adventure.  The 
Canal  passage  is  truly  an  experience  of  a  liferime. 
After  transiting  the  Canal,  cruise  to  the  beautiful 
Caribbean  Islands  of  St.  Thomas,  St.  Maarten 
and  Aruba.  Finally,  dock  in  San  Juan,  Puerto 
Rico.  Come,  enjoy  rhe  ultimate  in  comfort  and 
gracious  service  on  one  of  the  world's  most  ele- 
gant ships.. ..the  Crystal  Harmony!  From 
$2,710  per  person,  double  occupancy  with  free 
air  from  most  major  U.S.  gateway  cities.  Early 
booking  discount  of  $150.00  per  person  applies 
to  reservations  received  by  September  30,  1993 

Swiss  Winter  Escapade 

February  3-10 

Switzerland,  the  "Roof  of  Europe". ..more  than 
its  stunning  mountain  peaks,  it  offers  most 
everything  your  heart  desires  in  spectacular 
scenic  variety.   It  is  a  treasure  chest  of  architec- 
ture spanning  twenty  centuries!  Come  with  us 
to  Interlaken  at  a  wonderful  time  of  the  year!  At 
1,770  feet  above  sea  level,  Interlaken  lies  at  the 
foot  of  the  world-famous  Jungfrau  in  the  very 
heart  of  Switzerland. ..the  ideal  getaway  for 
excursions  ro  all  corners  of  Switzerland.  Or  if 
skiing  is  your  pleasure,  enjoy  one  of  the  world's 
paramount  ski  resorts.  Grindelwald  is  glorious 
in  the  winter  and  lies  only  a  short  distance  from 


Inrerlaken.  Whether  you  wish  to  "see" 
Switzerland  or  "ski"  Switzerland,  come  with  fel- 
low alumni  for  a  simply  grand  vacation  at  a 
most  affordable  price!  From  $995  per  person, 
double  occupancy  from  New  York;  $1,095  from 
Atlanta. 

Australia/New  Zealand 

February  9-23 

Back  by  popular  demand!  It's  summer  Down 
Under,  and  Royal  Cruise  Line's  twelve-day 
cruise  between  Auckland  and  Sydney  shows  you 
the  best  of  its  wonders,  including  friendly 
Hobart,  Tasmania  and  the  stunning  natural 
beauty  of  Milford  Sound.  Plus  proper  British 
Christchurch,  delightfully  Scottish  Dunedin, 
Melbourne  and  more!  Our  home  for  this 
adventure  is  the  beautiful  Royal  Odyssey,  a 
stunning  liner  offering  single  dining  seating  and 
service  second  to  none.  Special  Duke  prices 
begin  at  $3,696  per  person,  double  occupancy 
including  air  from  most  cities. 

Passage  to  India 

March  11  -  April  2 

From  Singapore  to  the  Taj  Mahal.   From  the 
Strait  of  Malacca  to  the  Bay  of  Bengal,  the 
Indian  Ocean  and  the  Arabian  Sea.. .explore  an 
intriguing  corner  of  the  Orient  and  exotic  India. 
You  will  be  captivated  by  the  ancient  and  mysti- 
cal, by  lands  steeped  in  tradition  and  religion. 
You'll  visit  Malacca,  Pulau  Besar,  Kuala  Lumpur 
and  Penang  Malaysia;  the  Maldives;  Cochin, 
Mangalore,  Goa,  Bombay,  Jaipur  and  Delhi, 
India.  This  journey  to  the  exotic  lands  of 
Malaysia  and  India  is  a  kaleidoscope  of  new 
sights,  new  sounds  and  intriguing  contrasts. 
From  $6,595  per  person,  double  occupancy 
from  Los  Angeles. 

Belgium 

April 28 -May  7 

Explore  this  broadly  European  country  with  its 
colorful  people  and  rich  history.  You  will  reside 
at  the  elegant  Royal  Windsor  Hotel  in  the  heart 
of  Brussels  surrounded  by  narrow  cobblestone 
streets,  quaint  shops  and  beautiful  architecture. 
We  have  planned  a  full  day  excursion  to  the  fas- 
cinating cities  of  Ghent  and  Bruges,  boasting  the 
grandest  medieval  architecture  in  all  of  Europe. 
You  will  see  the  great  port  city  of  Antwerp  stop- 
ping at  one  of  the  diamond  markets  as  well  as 
visiting  the  artistic  riches  in  Reubens  House. 
Travel  to  the  battlegrounds  of  Waterloo,  and  the 
Castle  of  Gaasbeck  brimming  with  priceless 
antique  furnishings.   Enjoy  the  historic  wind- 
mills on  you  way  to  Delft,  home  of  the  famous 
Delfrware  pottery.   Spend  a  day  exploring  the 
sights  and  sounds  of  Brussels  with  its  museums, 
the  great  medieval  Grand'  Place,  and  enchanring 
open-hearr  restaurants  flashing  their  culinary 
brilliance.  $2,453  per  person,  double  occu- 
pancy. 


Mediterranean  Cruise 

May  5-15 

Cruise  aboard  the  magnificent  Silver  Cloud. 
This  all  suite  ship  carries  a  maximum  of  300 
people  which  allows  for  exrra  spaciousness  and 
service.  You  will  start  your  trip  with  an 
overnight  stay  in  the  exciting  city  of  Venice. 
Sail  the  Adriatic  Sea  to  Vieste,  Italy  and  into  the 
Aegean  to  visit  the  charming  Greek  Isles  of 
Crete,  Rhodes  and  Santorini.  You  will  end  your 
ten  day  cruise  in  Athens.  Special  rates  start  at 
$4,195  per  person,  based  on  double  occupancy, 
including  free  air  from  the  east  coast. 

D-Day  Anniversary/Seine  River  Cruise 

June  10-24 

The  picturesque  beauty  of  the  heart  of 
Normandy  is  highlighted  this  year  of  1994  as  we 
observe  the  50th  anniversary  of  D-Day,  when 
courageous  Allied  troops  landed  on  the  beaches 
of  Omaha,  Utah,  Sword  and  Juno.  Begin  with 
three  nights  in  London,  one  of  the  truly  remark- 
able cities  of  the  world.  Ferry  across  the  English 
Channel  to  Caen,  France.  The  charm  of 
Normandy  unfolds  on  your  drive  to  the  popular 
resorr  town  of  Deauville.  Then  board  the  MIS 
Normandie.  Fascinating  ports  of  call  include 
Honfleur,  Caudebee,  Rouen,  Les  Andelys, 
Vernon  and  Mantes.   Paris  awaits  as  you  enjoy  a 
gala  Illumination  Cruise  through  the  "City  of 
Lights."  Commemorating  the  historic  events  of 
D-Day  with  a  cruise  on  the  legendary  Seine 
River  will  make  this  truly  a  once-in-a-lifetime 
travel  experience.  From  approximately  $3,995 
per  person,  double  occupancy,  from  New  York; 
$4,195  from  Atlanta. 

Russia 

July  1-12 

It  was  back  in  the  early  1 700's  that  Peter  the 
Great,  with  his  towering  physical  strength, 
unerring  vision  and  often  ruthless  tactics,  trans- 
formed Russia  into  the  greatest  power  in 
Europe.  Now,  you  can  follow  in  the  historic 
pathways  of  this  powerful  czar  as  you  cruise 
from  St.  Petersburg,  Peter's  celebrated  capital 
and  "window  on  the  West",  all  the  way  to 
Moscow  on  waterways  previously  accessible  only 
to  Russians.  See  the  country  as  Peter  saw  it, 
with  its  many  treasures  still  beautifully  preserved 
and  its  stunning  scenery  virtually  untouched.  As 
you  explore  Russia's  two  great  cities.. .Moscow 
and  St.  Petersburg.. .the  M.V.  Kerzanovsky  will 
be  your  hotel.  The  famous  Hermitage  in  St. 
Petersburg,  the  czar's  Summer  Palace, 
Perrodvorets,  Moscow's  onion-domed  St.  Basil's 
Cathedral,  the  Kremlin  and  Red  Square  are  just 
a  small  part  of  the  rich  cultural  heritage  of  this 
great  country.  From  approximately  $2,995  dou- 
ble occupancy  per  person  from  New  York; 
$3,195  from  Atlanta. 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


River  Adventure 
July  14-26 

Combine  the  ease  and  comfort  of  a  cruise  ship, 
with  the  intimate,  behind-the-scenes-experiences 
of  an  overland  journey  on  a  journey  through  his- 
tory from  Budapest  to  Munich.   Our  exclusive 
thirteen-day  itinerary  features  nine  continuous 
nights  aboard  ship  -  including  rvvo  days  in 
Budapest  and  two  days  in  Vienna  -  with  accom- 
modations and  meals  conveniently  aboard  ship 
with  no  packing  and  unpacking.   In  addition, 
visit  the  charming  ports  ot  Esztergom,  Hungary; 
Bratislava,  Czechoslovakia;  Melk,  Austria  and 
Passau,  Germany.   Enjoy  scenic  sightseeing  in 
Regensburg  en  route  to  Munich  for  a  two-night 
stay.   From  $2,895  per  person,  double  occu- 
pancy, including  round-trip  international  airfare 
from  JFK. 

Scandinavian  Capitals  and  St.  Petersburg 

August  2-15 

As  it  has  since  Viking  times,  the  summer  sun 
signals  a  celebration  in  the  enchanting  capitals  of 
the  Northlands.  Join  us  on  this  twelve  night 
cruise  to  the  great  capitals  of  Scandinavia;  Oslo, 
Copenhagen,  Stockholm,  Helsinki  plus  Berlin 
and  St.  Petersburg.  Sail  in  luxury  aboard  the 
beautiful  Crown  Odyssey.   Special  Duke  prices 
begin  at  $2,999,  including  air  from  most  cities. 
An  optional  two-night  London  Theatre  package 
is  also  available. 

Midnight  Sun  Express  and  Alaska  Passage 

August  15-27 

Alaska. ..it  catches  the  imagination  and  fills  it 
with  vistas  of  untamed  space  as  far  as  the  eye  can 
see.  Our  thirteen-day  itinerary  provides  the  best 
of  the  Last  Frontier  -  by  land  and  by  sea!  First, 
two  nights  in  Fairbanks.  Then  board  the 
Midnight  Sun  Express  train  for  a  scenic  journey 
to  Anchorage.   En  route,  spend  one  night  at 
Denali  National  Park,  America's  largest  wilder- 
ness preserve.  Following  two  nights  in 
Anchorage,  begin  a  seven-night  Inside  Passage 
cruise  aboard  the  Crown  Princess  from  Seward 
to  College  Fjord,  Glacier  Bay,  Skagway,  Juneau, 
Ketchikan  and  Vancouver.   Optional  Vancouver 
extension  available.   From  $3,239  per  person, 
double  occupancy  from  Fairbanks/Vancouver. 
Reserve  by  December  31,1 993,  and  save  up  to 
$1,300  per  couple. 

Italy 

September  17-29 

Experience  the  classical  splendor  of  Italy  with 
visits  to  Rome,  Florence,  Siena,  San  Marino  and 
Venice.  Gaze  upon  the  Sistine  Chapel  ceiling  of 
Michelangelo  in  the  Vatican  and  walk  among 
the  ruins  of  the  Roman  Forum  and  the  Palatine 
Hill.   Experienc  Florence,  the  greatest 
Renaissance  city  in  Europe  -  the  city  of  the 
Medicis  and  Machiavelli,  and  the  Florentine 
School  of  Painters.  See  Pisa's  famous  leaning 
tower.  Visit  Siena  with  its  imposing  1  lth-cen- 
tury  Gothic  Cathedral,  and  San  Marino,  the 
world's  oldest  and  smallest  independent  repub- 


lic. Roam  the  canals  and  back  streets  of  Venice, 
the  city  of  Marco  Polo  and  between  the  9th  and 
13th  centuries  the  dominant  maritime  and  com- 
mercial power  in  Europe.  From  approximately 
$3,495  per  person,  double  occupancy  from  New 
York;  $3,695  from  Atlanta. 

Marco  Polo  Passage 

September  29  -  October  13 
Marco  Polo  began  his  return  voyage  to  Venice 
from  China  in  1292,  sailing  across  the  South 
China  Sea  and  around  the  tip  of  Malaysia. 
Along  the  way  he  stopped  at  what  is  now 
Vietnam.  We're  pleased  to  offer  an  eighteen- 
day  voyage  recalling  the  great  explorations  of 
Marco  Polo  on  a  ship  appropriately  named  after 
the  great  Venetian  traveler.  Walk  on  the  Great 
Wall  ot  China  and  explore  the  Forbidden  City 
during  a  three-night  visit  to  Beijing.  Then  it's 
two  nights  in  Hong  Kong,  bargain  capital  of  the 
world.  Your  10-night  cruise  aboard  the  M.V. 
Marco  Polo  visits  Canton,  China;  Da  Nang  and 
Ho  Chi  Minh  City,  Vietnam;  Port 
Kelang/Kuala  Lumpur,  Malaysia  and  Singapore. 
From  $4,595  per  person,  double  occupancy, 
including  round-trip  international  airfare  from 
Los  Angeles.  Reserve  by  December  23,  1993, 
and  save  up  to  $  1 ,000  per  couple. 

China 

October  6-23 

China.. .a  land  of  treasure  and  tradition. ..a  land 
where  time  stands  still.  Experience  the  magic 
that  has  drawn  travelers  to  the  mysterious  East 
for  centuries  past.  From  the  comfort  and  ambi- 
ence of  the  M.S.  Pinghu,  cruise  the  Yangtze 
River  and  view  the  spectacular  Three  Gorges  — 
ofter  called  the  world's  most  scenic  wonder. 
Stop  in  Xi-an  where  you'll  travel  back  to  ancient 
China  to  pay  tribute  to  the  world-renowned 
Terra  Cotta  Warriors.  You'll  discover.. .Beijing, 
China's  capital  that  embodies  the  heart,  soul  and 
spirit  of  this  mystical  land  with  the  Great  Wall, 
The  Forbidden  City  and  Tiananmen 
Square.. .Guilin  with  its  majestic  limestone  peaks 
and  mysterious  underground  caverns. ..and 
Hong  Kong,  a  shopper's  paradise.   Don't  miss 
this  chance  to  see  a  land  whose  civilization  has 
enduted  longer  than  any  other  in  rhe  history  of 
the  world.   From  approximately  $4,895  per  per- 
son, double  occupancy  from  Los  Angeles. 

Turkey,  Past  and  Present 

October  11-22 

Turkey  is  a  country  of  subtle  beauties.. .a 
nomad's  tent  with  a  mesa  in  the  distance;  the 
incredible  blue  color  of  the  Aegean  Sea,  a  cara- 
van of  gypsies  in  their  picturesque  wagons  pass- 
ing the  moonscape  of  rock  pinnacles  once  hol- 
lowed out  and  inhabited  by  early  Christians,  the 
palm  trees  lining  the  waterfront  in  Izmir  gently 
moving  in  the  wind,  with  its  ancient  citadel 
dominating  the  town,  the  sun  setting  into  the 
Golden  Horn,  seeming  to  turn  the  water  to  gold 
and  thus  giving  the  river  its  name.   This  jour- 
ney, led  by  an  accomplished  art  historian  guide 


with  extensive  knowledge  of  Turkey's  history 
and  sites,  promises  to  be  a  most  memorable  one! 
Please  join  us  as  we  explore  this  legendary  coun- 
try!  Approximately  S3, 900  per  person,  double 
occupancy,  including  air  from  New  York. 

Holy  Land 

November  1-10 

For  years  this  fascinating  land  was  closed  to  trav- 
elers. Today  multitudes  of  visitors  enjoy  the 
experience  of  their  lives  as  they  embark  on  this 
educational  travel  opportunity  visiting  the  his- 
toric and  religious  sites  of  the  Holy  Land.  Walk 
in  the  Garden  of  Gethsemane,  take  a  boat  ride 
on  the  Sea  of  Galilee,  visit  the  Shepherd's  Fields 
near  Bethlehem,  experience  the  vast  spectrum  of 
deep  fertile  valleys,  rolling  mountains  and 
ancient  seas.  Stay  in  Tiberias  on  the  Sea  of 
Galilee  and  near  the  Old  City  in  Jerusalem. 
$2,232  per  person,  double  occupancy. 


For  More  Information: 

Indicate  the  trips  of  interest  to  you  for  detailed 
brochures 

O  Trans  Panama  Canal 

□  Swiss  Winter  Escapade 
D  Australia/New  Zealand 
D  Passage  to  India 

□  Belgium 

□  Mediterranean  Cruise 

D  D-Day  Anniversary/Seine  River  Cruise 

□  Russia 

D  Danube  River  Adventure 

□  Scandinavian  Capitals  and  St.  Petersburg 
D  Midnight  Sun  Express  and  Alaska  Passage 

□  Italy 

D  Marco  Polo  Passage 

□  China 

□  Turkey 

□  Holy  Land 

fill  out  the  coupon  and  return  to: 

Barbara  DeLapp  Booth  '54, 

Duke  Travel.  614  Chapel  Drive,  Durham,  NC 

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Sept, 


■October    1993 


TORCHING  THE 
TAR  HEELS 


College  basketball  fans  today  are  all 
too  familiar  with  television  cameras 
bombarding  viewers  after  every 
commercial  break  with  shots  of  the  star 
players'  parents.  But  when  Dick  Groat  '53 
suited  up  for  the  final  home  game  of  his 
Duke  career  on  February  29,  1952,  he 
didn't  even  know  his  parents  were  in  the 
stands — or  that  his  father,  Martin  Groat, 
had  arrived  at  Duke  Indoor  Stadium 
straight  from  the  hospital. 

"The  game  was  delayed  five  or  ten  min- 
utes, I  think,  but  nobody  knew  why,"  says 
Groat.  "Apparently,  they'd  held  up  the 
game  until  my  parents  got  there,  but  I  didn't 
know  they  were  going  to  be  there  at  all." 

Unknown  to  Groat,  athletics  director 
Eddie  Cameron  had  given  Duke-UNC  tick- 
ets to  Groat's  parents,  who  made  the  long 
drive  from  Pittsburgh.  But  before  they  could 
greet  their  son,  an  accident  put  a  detour  in 
their  plans.  "My  father  fell  outside  the  sta- 
dium and  hurt  his  knee.  He  was  taken  to 
the  hospital  right  away,  but  no  one  told  me 
about  it." 

The  Groats'  off-the- 
court  adventures  were 


but  not  nearly  as  re- 
markable as  Dick 
Groat's  sparkling  play 
that  day.  He  torched 
Tar  Heel  defenders  Glad  dad:  Groat  and 
from  start  to  finish,  daughter  Tracey  Goetz 
closing  out  the  regular  season  with  a 
school-record  48  points,  a  single-game 
mark  that  stood  until  Danny  Ferry  '89 
scored  58  in  a  game  in  1989.  Groat's  total 
still  remains  the  highest  in  the  history  of 
Indoor  Stadium,  which  was  renamed  for 
Eddie  Cameron  in  1972. 

"Before  the  game,  I  remember  having  a 
strong  feeling  of  anticipation,"  says  Groat. 
"The  last  game  is  very  emotional  to  a  play- 
er, especially  if  he  really  enjoyed  his  years 
at  college." 

An  All-American  his  junior  and  senior 
seasons,  the  Duke  guard  had  been  named 
national  Player  of  the  Year  in  1951,  the  first 
Blue  Devil  to  earn  the  honor.  Scoring  at  a 
clip  of  26  points  a  game  during  his  senior 
campaign,  he  had  already  turned  in  five 
30-point  performances  in  addition  to  ring- 


ing up  46  and  40  points 
in  games  against  George 
Washington  and  Temple. 
Numbers  like  that  made 
Groat  the  most  envied 
player  in  college  ball,  but 
the  dazzling  results  did 
not  come  without  a  lot  of 
hard  work  and  a  little 
ingenuity. 

"I  persuaded  the  janitor 
to  let  me  shoot  after  prac- 
tice while  he  was  cleaning 
up  the  gym,"  Groat  says. 
"Later,  I  figured  out  how  ■ 
to  leave  a  window  open  in  ' 
the  dressing  room  so  that 
I  could  sneak  in  at  night 
and  practice  some  more." 

Duke,  which  also  fea- 
tured Bernie  Janicki  '52, 
who  was  pulling  down  six- 
teen rebounds  a  game  for 
the  season,  took  a  twelve-  fnn^W-  Groat 
,    .  here  in  lyjZ,  setting 

game  winning  streak  into 

the  contest  and  routed  the  Tar  Heels,  94-64. 
"I  was  told  later  that  I'd  hit  a  lot  of 
jumpshots  that  would  have  been  three- 
pointers  today,"  says  Groat.  "In  fact,  I 
only  remember  one  shot — the  last  one.  I 
tried  a  driving  lay-up  and  got  hit  on  the 
way  up.  Somehow  I  managed  to  spin  it  off 
the  glass,  and  it  went  in  for  my  47th  and 
48th  points.  When  I  was  taken  out  of  the 
game  with  about  20  seconds  left,  the 
whole  Carolina  team  came  over  and 
shook  hands  with  me,  which  was  a  real 
classy  gesture.  It  was  hard  for  me  to  leave." 
In  his  autobiography,  Groat:  I  Hit  and 
Ran,  written  with  Durham  Herald-Sun  sports 
editor  Frank  Dascenzo,  Groat  recalls  the 
words  his  father,  apparently  fully  recovered 
from  his  fall,  had  for  him  in  the  locker 
room  immediately  after  the  game:  "Christ, 
Richard,"  [Martin  Groat]  bellowed,  "You 
didn't  want  to  come  down  here,  and  now 
you  don't  want  to  leave." 

His  basketball  jersey,  number  10,  was 
retired  that  spring — the  first  time  a  Duke 
basketball  player  had  been  so  honored.  By 
then  Groat  was  well  on  his  way  to  garner- 
ing All-America  honors  for  the  second 
year  in  a  row  as  shortstop  on  the  Duke 
baseball  team.  Behind  Groat's  .370  aver- 
age, the  team,  under  the  direction  of 
Coach  Jack  Coombs,  advanced  to  the  Col- 
lege World  Series. 


After  returning  from 
the  series,  Groat  joined 
his  hometown  Pittsburgh 
Pirates  at  midseason  and 
went  on  to  lead  the  team 
in  hitting.  He  then  signed 
a  contract  to  play  profes- 
sional basketball  with  the 
Fort  Wayne  Pistons  that 
winter.  Flying  back  and 
forth  to  Durham  between 
games  in  order  to  attend 
classes,  Groat  completed 
his  Duke  degree  in  January 
1953.  A  two-year  hitch 
in  the  Army  interrupted 
his  professional  career  for 
two  seasons,  and  by  the 
time  he  returned  to  the 
Pirates  in  1955,  Groat 
had  decided  to  pursue 
solely  a  baseball  career. 
In  1960,  he  captured 
^W  the  National  League's 
Most  Valuable  Player 
Award  and  the  batting  title  as  the  Pirates 
won  the  World  Series  by  shocking  the 
New  York  Yankees  on  the  strength  of  Bill 
Mazeroski's  legendary  home  run.  Traded  to 
St.  Louis  before  the  1963  season,  Groat 
was  a  member  of  the  1964  World  Series 
champion  Cardinals. 

In  1967,  Groat  retired  from  baseball 
with  a  .287  lifetime  batting  average  and 
five  all-star  appearances.  He  then  turned 
his  attention  to  operating  Champion  Lakes 
Golf  Club  in  Ligonier,  Pennsylvania,  which 
he  co-owns  with  former  Pirates  teammate 
Jerry  Lynch.  For  the  past  fourteen  years,  he 
has  also  been  doing  radio  commentary  for 
University  of  Pittsburgh  basketball  games. 
More  than  forty  years  later,  he  still 
recalls  vividly  his  last  moments  in 
Cameron  when  "the  players  put  me  on 
their  shoulders  and  carried  me  to  the 
dressing  room."  Even  after  a  year  of  profes- 
sional basketball,  fifteen  years  in  the  major 
leagues,  and  two  World  Series  champi- 
onships, Groat,  who  returns  to  Durham 
annually  for  the  Duke  Children's  Classic, 
calls  his  last  basketball  contest  "one  of  my 
most  memorable  experiences  in  sports." 

— Stephen  Martin . 


Martin  '95  is  in  Bristol,  England,  this  academic 
year  m  Duke's  Study  Abroad  j 


22 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


CLASS 
NOTES 


WRITE:  Class  Notes  Editor,  Duke  Magazine, 
Box  90570,  Durham,  N.C.  27708-0570 

FAX:  (919)  684-6022  (typed  only,  please) 


CHANGE  OF  ADDRESS:  Alumni  Records, 
Box  90613,  Durham,  N.C.  27708-0613.  Please 
include  mailing  label  and  allow  six  weeks. 


NOTICE:  Because  of  the  volume  of 
class  note  material  we  receive  and  the 
long  lead  time  required  for  typesetting, 
design,  and  printing,  your  submission 
may  not  appear  for  two  to  three  issues. 
Alumni  are  urged  to  include  spouses' 
names  in  marriage  and  birth  announce- 
ments. We  do  not  record  engagements. 


30s,  40s  &  50s 


Frank  O.  Braynard  '39,  curator  of  the  American 
Merchant  Marine  Museum  ar  Kings  Point,  N.Y.,  pub- 
lished Tall  Ships  of  Today  in  Photographs,  his  36th  book. 

Lawrence  E.  Blanchard  '42,  a  retired  Ethyl 
Corp.  executive  and  trustee  emeritus  at  Randolph- 
Macon  College  in  Ashland,  Va.,  was  awarded  an 
honorary  doctor  of  laws  degree  during  Randolph- 
Macon's  commencement  exercises  in  May.  He  and 
his  wife,  Frances  Ha  Hum  Blanchard  '43,  live 

in  Richmond. 

Peggy  Heim  '45  retired  as  senior  research  officer 
in  policyholder  and  institutional  research  at  TIAA- 
CREF,  where  she  headed  the  cooperative  research 
program  for  16  years.  She  and  her  husband,  George 
Nelson,  live  in  New  York. 

Frank  D.  Hall  '49,  a  Coral  Gables,  Fla.,  attorney, 
is  chair  of  the  Florida  Bar's  section  of  general  practice. 

Merle  Rainey  Prewitt  '50  ,  who  was  recognized 
as  Emerging  Artist  by  the  Fayetteville/Cumberland 
County  and  North  Carolina  Arts  Council,  received  a 
grant  and  was  featured  in  a  show  at  the  Fayetteville 
Arts  Center  in  June.  She  lives  in  Fayetteville. 

M.  Nixon  "Nick"  Hennessee  '52  retired  after 
37  years  with  the  Wachovia  Corp.  and  Wachovia 
Bank  and  established  the  M.N.  Hennessee  Co.  The 
firm,  based  in  Winston-Salem,  specializes  in  eco- 
nomic and  community  development  strategies  and 
free-lance  writing. 

Vincent  J.  Scalise  '52  retired  as  superintendent 
of  schools  in  the  Geneva,  N.Y.,  city  school  district 
after  38  years. 

Rufus  H.  Stark  II  '53,  M.Div.  '56  was  awarded  an 
honorary  doctor  of  divinity  degree  by  Merhodist  Col- 
lege "in  recognition  of  his  leadership  in  services  to 
children  and  families."  He  also  delivered  the  commence- 
ment address  at  the  college.  He  lives  in  Raleigh,  N.C. 

Rosemary  Dundas  Patton  '54,  assistant  pro- 
fessor of  English  at  San  Francisco  State  University,  co- 
wrote  Ergo:  Trun/ang  Critically  and  Writing  Logically, 
published  by  HarperCollins  College  Publishers. 

Wendall  Keith  O'Steen  Ph.D.  '58  retired  in  July 

from  Wake  Forest's  Bowman  Gray  School  of  Medicine 
as  professor  and  chair  of  the  department  of  neurobiology 
and  anatomy.  He  and  his  wife,  Sandra,  live  in  Cary,  N.C. 


60s 


Gaston  Borders  '60,  an  elementary 
school  counselor  and  educational  consultant,  pub- 
lished Children  Talking  About  Books,  a  practical  guide 
for  teachers  and  counselors.  She  earned  her  Ed.S.  at 
Appalachian  State  University  in  1991,  where  she  is 
an  adjunct  teacher.  She  lives  in  Statesville,  N.C. 

R.  Elaine  Addison  '61  was  elected  senior  vice 
president  of  Wachovia  Bank  of  North  Carolina  in 
Winston-Salem. 

John  A.  Parrish  '61  was  honored  by  the  National 
Psoriasis  Foundation  for  his  role  in  developing  PUVA, 
an  effective  drug-and-light  therapy  used  in  treating 
psoriasis.  He  lives  in  Boston. 

Paul  S.  Nielsen  '62,  who  is  pursuing  a  Ph.D.  in 
English  at  LSU,  is  in  his  fifth  year  of  graduate  study 
after  having  spent  25  yeats  as  a  newspaper  copy  edi- 
tor. He  has  published  papers  on  William  Faulkner 
and  Henry  James  and  is  a  member  of  the  board  of 
directors  of  the  Henry  James  Society.  He  lives  in 
Baton  Rouge,  La. 

Elizabeth  S.  Penfield  A.M.  '62,  professor  of 
English  at  the  University  of  New  Orleans,  received  a 
1993  Excellence  in  Teaching  Award  from  the  UNO 
Alumni  Association. 

Ann  Covington  '63  was  the  first  woman  to  be 
named  chief  justice  of  the  Missouri  State  Supreme 
Court.  She  lives  in  Columbia,  Mo. 

Barbara  Brod  Germino  B.S.N.  '63,  M.S.N.  '68, 

associate  professor  at  the  UNC-Chapel  Hill  School  of 
Nursing,  was  named  chait  of  the  department  of  adult 
and  geriatric  health.  She  and  her  husband,  Victor 
H.  Germino  PA.  Cert  '67,  live  in  Chapel  Hill. 

John  T.  Berteau  '64,  who  practices  estate  plan- 
ning law  in  Sarasota,  Fla.,  published  a  book  on  estate 
planning. 

Frank  R.  Goldstein  '64,  a  partner  in  the  Wash- 
ington, D.C.,  office  of  the  international  law  firm  Mor- 
gan, Lewis  &  Bockius,  was  elected  as  a  fellow  of  the 
American  Bar  Foundation.  He  lives  in  Potomac,  Md. 


C.  Marcus  Harris  '65,  J.D.  '72  joined  the  firm 
Poyner  &  Spruill  in  its  Charlotte,  N.C,  office.  He 
was  a  partnet  in  the  law  firm  Smith  Helms  Mulliss  & 
Moore.  He  is  a  member  of  the  Duke  Alumni  Associa- 
tion's board  of  directors. 


H.  Ramsey  '65  was  named  associate  dean 
for  administration  at  the  Syracuse  University  College 
of  Law. 

J.  Kane  Ditto  '66  was  elected  to  his  second  term 
as  mayor  of  Jackson,  Miss.  He  served  in  the  Mississippi 
state  legislature  in  the  1988  and  1989  sessions  before 
being  elected  to  his  first  four-year  term  as  Jackson's  mayor 
in  1989.  He  and  his  wife,  Betsy,  have  four  children. 


Falcone  '66,  Ph.D.  '74,  M.H.A.  '75  is  pro- 
fessor and  chair  of  the  department  of  health  adminis- 
tration and  policy  in  the  College  of  Public  Health  at 
the  University  of  Oklahoma  Health  Sciences  Center 
in  Oklahoma  City. 

William  K.  Holmes  LL.B.  '66,  a  partner  in  the 
Grand  Rapids,  Mich.,  law  firm  Warner,  Norcross  &. 
Judd,  became  a  fellow  of  rhe  American  College  of 
Trial  Lawyers. 


C.  Brooks  Jr.  '67  is  president  of  Life  of 
Georgia's  district  operations,  which  is  Internationale 


Nederlanden  Group's  leading  strategic  business  unit 
in  the  United  States.  He  lives  in  Birmingham,  Ala. 

Paula  Phillips  Burger  '67,  A.M.  '74  was  named 
vice  provost  for  academic  programs  at  The  Johns 
Hopkins  University.  She  was  executive  vice  provost 
for  academic  services  at  Duke. 

Thomas  Marvin  Williamson  A.M.  '67, 
Ph.D.  '75  was  named  director  of  the  office  of  interna- 
tional studies  at  Appalachian  State  University  in 
Boone,  N.C. 


H.  Brown  III  M.Div.  '69,  who  directs  a 
residential  treatment  center  for  juvenile  sex  offenders 
at  Benchmark  Regional  Hospital  in  Woods  Cross, 
Utah,  was  acknowledged  on  the  NBC  Sunday  Night 
News  in  February  for  developing  a  new  program  to 
treat  juvenile  sex  offenders. 

BIRTHS:  Son  to  Richard  K.  Berman  '67  and 

Carol  Kirkman  Berman  on  Jan.  13,  1990.  Named  Paul 
William.  Also,  twins  on  May  5,  1993.  Named  Cather- 
ine Joyce  and  Laura  Elizabeth... Second  child  and  first 
daughter  to  Robert  Dickman  '69  and  Ilene  Dick- 
man  on  March  17.  Named  Jennifer  Rebecca. 


70s 


Galen  Miller  70,  who  was  named  to  the  board  of 
the  Travel  Industry  of  America,  founded  "Arabian 
Nights,"  a  dinner  show  attraction  in  Orlando,  Fla. 


John  R.  Sanders  '70,  a  Navy  captain,  was  awarded 
the  Meritorious  Service  Medal  for  his  work  as  air  boss 
and  operations  officer  on  the  USS  Saratoga.  He  is 
assigned  to  the  Naval  War  College  in  Newport,  R.I. 

Ruth  Currie  A.M.  71,  Ph.D.  74  is  director  of 
records  management  at  Appalachian  State  University 
in  Boone,  N.C. 

Richard  Harwood  J.D.  71  represented  Duke  in 
September  at  the  inaugutation  of  the  president  of  The 
Colorado  College.  He  is  senior  vice  president  of  Banc 
One  in  Colorado  Springs. 

Donna  Barnes  73,  who  earned  her  master's  from 
Oregon  College  of  Education  in  1976  and  her  Ph.D. 
in  curriculum  and  instruction  from  the  University  of 
Oregon  in  1987,  is  assistant  professor  at  the  Univer- 
sity of  San  Diego.  She  and  het  two  childten  live  in 
San  Diego. 

Richard  E.  Cyowic  73,  a  practicing  neurologist 
in  Washington,  D.C.,  published  The  Man  Who  Tasted 
Shapes:  A  Bizarre  Medical  Mystery  Offers  Revolutionary 
Insights  into  Emotions,  Reasoning,  Consciousness. 

John  A.  Dickie  73,  a  Navy  lieutenant  comman- 
der, visited  New  York  City  aboard  the  aircraft  carrier 
USS  John  Kennedy,  whose  home  port  is  Norfolk,  Va., 
for  "Fleet  Week  '93,"  an  annual  event  comprising 
ships  of  the  U.S.  Atlantic  Fleet  and  the  Russian  navy. 

Joseph  H.  Schmid  B.S.E.  73,  a  Marine  lieu- 
tenant colonel,  received  the  Meritorious  Service 
Medal  for  his  work  with  Marine  Aircraft  Group  29  of 
Marine  Corps  Air  Station  in  Jacksonville,  N.C. 

Tim  Vrana  73  is  a  partnet  in  the  Columbus,  Ind., 
law  firm  Sharpnack,  Bigler,  David  &  Rumple,  where 
his  work  involves  trials  and  Social  Security  disability 
cases.  In  May,  he  and  his  father  traveled  around  the 
country,  attending  major  league  baseball  games  in 


September-October    I  993 


SENIOR  SPORTSMAN 


A  newspaper 
notice  about 
the  1985 
North  Carolina  Senior 
Games  regional  com- 
petition caught  the  eye 
of  James  Law  Ph.D. 
'67.  A  sedentary  man 
for  most  of  his  pro- 
fessional career,  the 
psychology  profes- 
sor decided  to  enter 
the  table  tennis 
competition — and 
won.  He  advanced  to 
the  state  games  and 
won  those,  too. 

More  significantly, 
he  saw  other  senior 
citizens  in  their  sixties 
engaging  in  strenuous 
activities.  "I  saw  people 
my  age  running  and, 
until  then,  I  had  no 
idea  that  was  going 
on,"  says  Law.  "So  the 
next  year  I  decided  to 
enter  some  track  com- 
petitions." Despite  a 
lapse  of  forty-some 
years  since  his  college 
track  days,  Law  won 
the  100-  and  400- 
meter  dash. 

But  before  advancing 
to  the  state  competition, 
he  visited  his  doctor  for 
a  physical.  Although 
he  was  in  fairly  good 
cardiological  condition, 
Law's  cholesterol  level 
was  dangerously  high, 
and  he  was  told  that  his 
lifestyle  had  to  change. 

"When  my  doctor 
told  me  my  cholesterol 
was  322,  it  didn't  mean 
anything  to  me.  It  was 
just  a  number.  But  a 
friend  of  mine,  who's  a 
nurse,  gasped.  Then  1 
knew  it  was  serious," 
says  Law. 

It  was  easy  enough, 
he  says,  to  increase  the 
amount  of  vegetables 
and  whole  grains  in  his 
diet.  "I've  always  had 
a  sense  of  adventure 
when  it  comes  to 
eating,  anyway,  so 
learning  how  to  cook 
new  things  was  part  of 
the  excitement."  In 
seven  months,  he  lost 


Use  it  or  lose  it;  "If  we  don't  i 
says  Law,  "they  will  deteriorate" 


twenty  pounds  and  his 
cholesterol  level 
dropped  to  188. 

But  giving  up  a  two- 
pack-a-day  (or  more) 
smoking  habit  proved 
more  difficult.  "I 
smoked  for  forty-nine 
years,"  says  Law,  who 
finally  quit  cold  tur- 
key. "It's  better  now 
that  there  are  comput- 
ers, but  when  I  had  to 
write  in  longhand 
and/or  on  a  typewriter, 
it  was  torturous.  Smok- 
ing helped  reduce 
stress.  Sometimes,  I 
would  have  four  ciga- 
rettes lit  at  once." 

Law  now  competes 
regularly  at  the  national 
and  international  level. 
He's  won  numerous 
gold  medals  at  the  U.S. 
Senior  Sports  Organi- 
zation's senior  games 
and  holds  U.S.  and 
world  records  in  the 
100-,  200-,  and  400- 
meter  runs  in  his  age 
group.  This  summer, 
he  received  the  Silver 
Eagle  Corps  award  from 


the  President's  Council 
on  Physical  Fitness  and 
Sports.  He's  also  the 
official  spokesperson 
for  Whole  Grain  Total 
cereal's  "Total  Shape- 
up"  initiative,  which 
promotes  healthy  life- 
styles to  older  people. 

"My  wife,  who  had 
never  exercised  at  all 
growing  up,  started 
running  with  me  and, 
lo  and  behold,  she's 
state  champion  in  the 
100-  and  200-meter 
dashes.  My  sons  are 
both  in  their  thirties 
and  are  still  very  ath- 
letic. So  my  message 
when  I  talk  to  groups  is 
that  you  really  can 
start  at  any  age.  You 
can  come  back  to  it,  as 
I  did,  or  start  for  the 
first  time,  as  my  wife 
did,  or  stick  with  it,  as 
my  sons  are  doing." 

A  James  B.  Duke 
Distinguished  Professor 
(funded  through  The 
Duke  Endowment)  at 
Charlotte,  North  Caro- 
lina's Johnson  C.  Smith 


University,  Law  has 
been  on  a  leave  of 
absence  to  tour  the 
country  for  the  "Total 
Shape-up"  program. 
He's  been  featured  in 
Sports  Illustrated, 
Ebony,  and  Modem 
Maturity  magazines, 
and  is  one  of  twenty- 
five  accomplished 
older  athletes  profiled 
in  a  new  book,  Decem- 
ber Champions. 

Even  though  he's 
often  on  the  road  for 
meets  and  promotional 
appearances,  Law  still 
finds  time  to  drive 
back  to  Duke  for  the 
weekly  "All-Comers 
Meet"  at  the  Wallace 
Wade  Stadium  track 
on  Wednesday  night. 
This  informal  network 
of  ail-ages  runners  has 
strengthened  Law's 
Duke  ties  even  further. 
He's  become  good 
friends  with  faculty 
runners,  including 
political  science  profes- 
sor Ole  Holsti  and  zool- 
ogy professor  Peter 
Klopfer,  and  has  begun 
collaborating  with  soci- 
ology professors  Erd- 
man  Palmore  and 
George  Maddox  on 
various  aging-related 
projects. 

For  reluctant  pro- 
crastinators.  Law  has 
some  sound  advice. 
"Don't  delay,"  he  says. 
"I  tell  people,  young 
and  old  alike,  that  if  we 
don't  use  our  minds 
and  bodies,  they  will 
deteriorate.  I  know  a 
73-year-old  man  who 
just  found  out  that  he 
could  run  fast. 

"There  are  new 
things  to  be  discovered 
at  every  stage  of  life,  and 
if  you  wake  up  thinking 
that  the  day  will  bring 
something  of  great  joy, 
it  probably  will.  You 
can't  sit  around  waiting 
for  it  to  happen.  We 
have  to  get  up  off  our 
duffs  and  do  it." 


nated  Herbal  Tea,"  published  in  the  July  issue  of  The 
Western  Journal  of  Medicine. 

Penny  Rue  75  is  director  of  student  programs  at 
Georgetown  University.  She  lives  in  Washington,  D.C. 

Michael  "Amasan"  Sanders  75  is  an  associ- 
ate professor  of  entomology  at  Pennsylvania  State 
University.  His  research  focuses  on  the  application  of 
knowledge-based  modeling  approaches  on  manage- 
ment of  agricultural  and  natural  resource  systems.  He 
writes  that  he  would  he  "eternally  grateful"  if 
"Dukies"  would  visit  him  and  "spend  some  time  in  the 
hot  tub  with  a  stogie  and  a  glass  of  scotch."  He  and  his 
wife,  Janet,  and  their  three  children  live  in  Port 
Matilda,  Pa. 


Peter  A.  Davis  76  is  executive  vice  president  of 
sales  and  marketing  at  Information  Synthesis,  Inc.,  a 
software  and  services  company  in  Eden  Prairie,  Minn. 


Kathleen  A.  Nacey  B.S.N.  76  earned  an  M.S. 
degree  in  emergency/trauma  nursing  from  the  Univer- 
sity- of  California,  San  Francisco,  in  June.  She  was 
inducted  into  the  Alpha  Eta  chapter  of  Sigma  Theta 
Tau  International  Honor  Society  of  Nursing. 

Cynthia  Cannon  Poindexter  76  was  named 
one  of  three  Jefferson  Award  winners  in  central  South 
Carolina  for  work  with  persons  with  AIDS.  She  lives 
in  Cayce,  S.C. 

Walter  Saul  76,  associate  professor  of  music  at 
Warner  Pacific  College  in  Portland,  Ore.,  was  nation- 
ally certified  as  a  teacher  of  piano  and  composition  by 
the  Music  Teachers  National  Association. 


eight  cities  and  visiting  the  Hall  of  Fame  in  Cooper- 
stown,  N.Y.  He  and  his  wife,  Laura,  and  their  two 
children  live  in  Columbus. 

Robert  E.  Banta  A.M.  74,  partner  in  the  Atlanta 
firm  Kilpatrick  &  Cody,  was  one  of  seven  lawyers 
nationally  who  received  Presidential  Awards  from  the 
American  Immigration  Lawyers  Association. 


Denise  A.  Mummert  74,  M.B.A.  79  was 
elected  director  at  large  for  the  Georgia  Society  of 
Certified  Public  Accountants.  She  lives  in  Atlanta. 

William  A.  Norcross  M.D.  74,  director  of  the 
family  medicine  residency  program  at  the  University 
of  California,  San  Diego,  School  of  Medicine,  had  his 
article,  "Accidental  Poisoning  by  Warfarin-Contami- 


Clay  Scarborough  76  is  vice  president  of 
finance  for  A.D.A.M.  Software,  Inc.,  which  develops 
and  markets  a  multimedia  software  program  that  por- 
trays human  anatomy.  He  and  his  wife,  Karen 
Ward  Scarborough  B.S.N.  78,  and  their  three 
children  live  in  Alpharetta,  Ga. 

David  K.  Zwiener  76  is  executive  vice  president 
and  chief  financial  officer  of  ITT  Financial  Corp.  in  St. 
Louis,  Mo.  He  and  his  wife,  Nancy  Burr  Zwiener 

76,  and  their  four  children  live  in  Ladue,  Mo. 

John  F.  Nelson  III  77,  who  returned  from  a 
three-year  assignment  in  Brussels,  Belgium,  is  director 
of  corporate  planning  at  Vista  Chemical  Co.,  a  divi- 
sion of  RWE-DEA  AG.  He  and  his  wife,  Janet,  and 
their  son  live  in  Houston. 

David  R.  McFarlin  78,  of  the  Orlando  law  firm 
Wolff,  Hill,  McFarlin  &  Herron,  was  one  of  5 1  attor- 
neys nationwide  to  earn  certification  as  business 
bankruptcy  law  specialists  from  the  Commercial  Law 
League  of  America  Academy  of  Commercial  and 
Bankruptcy  Law  Specialists. 

Steven  Petrow  78  co-authored  When  Someone 
You  Know  Has  AIDS:  A  Practical  Guide,  published  by 
Crown  Trade  Paperbacks.  He  lives  in  San  Francisco. 

Karen  Ward  Scarborough  B.S.N.  78  works  in 
the  perinatal  floor  at  West  Paces  Ferry  Hospital  in 
Atlanta.  She  and  her  husband,  Clay  Scarbor- 
ough 76,  have  three  children. 

Alan  H.  Teramura  Ph.D.  78,  professor  and  chair 
of  the  botany  department  at  the  University  of  Mary- 
land in  College  Park,  will  begin  work  in  January  as 
dean  of  the  College  of  Natural  Sciences  at  the  Univer- 
sity of  Hawaii.  He  and  his  wife,  Karen,  have  two  sons. 

Ann  Campbell  Flannery  79  is  assistant  U.S. 

Attorney  for  the  eastern  district  of  Pennsylvania.  She 
and  her  husband,  Dick,  and  their  daughter  live  in  the 
Philadelphia  area. 

Laura  M.  Franze  J.D.  79  joined  the  Dallas  law 
firm  McKenna  &  Cuneo  as  partner. 


I  79  is  president  of  P.J.  Noyes  Co. 
Lancaster,  N.H. 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


Lindsey  Unbekant  Kerr  79,  M.D.  '86  is  assis- 
tant professor  of  urology  at  The  George  Washington 
University  Medical  Center.  She  lives  in  McLean,  Va. 


79,  a  partner  in  the  High  Point  law 
firm  Ke:iah,  Gates  ek  Samet,  writes  that  Sam,  his 
black  Lab,  well  known  on  campus,  died  in  January;  he 
was  sixteen.  Lasine,  who  earned  his  law  degree  at 
Washington  and  Lee,  and  his  wife,  Sue,  live  in  High 
Point,  N.C. 


C.  Nordlund  J.D.  79  is  general  counsel 
at  Panda  Energy  Corp.,  a  Dallas  company  speciali:ing 
in  international  power  plant  development  and  nat- 
ural gas  exploration. 


is  vice  ptesident  and 
general  counsel  of  Valence  Technology,  Inc.,  a  manu- 
facturer of  advanced  rechargeable  batteries.  He  and 
his  wife,  Karen,  and  their  two  children  live  in  Moun- 
tain View,  Calif. 

Janice  Alsop  Ver  Hoeve  79,  who  does  part- 
time  consulting  for  Oklahoma  Oil  Properties,  is  pur- 
suing her  M.B.A.  at  Rice  University's  Jesse  H.  Jones 
Graduate  School  of  Administration. 

MARRIAGES:  Scott  A.  Ellsworth  A.M.  77, 
Ph.D.  '82  to  Elizabeth  Wade  Stephens  on  July  3 . . . 
Kenneth  Francis  Joseph  Crimmins  79  to 

Belinda  Macias  on  July  24. 

BIRTHS:  Second  child  and  second  son  to  Dewey 
Jay  Cunningham  B.S.E.  73,  M.B.A.  '82  and 
Rhonda  S.  Cohen  74  on  July  4.  Named  Michael 
Cohen. .  .Second  child  and  second  son  to  Stephen 
C.  Schoettmer  76,  J.D.  '80,  M.B.A.  '80  and 
Donna  Schoettmet  on  July  8.  Named  Jeffrey 
Lawson...  First  child  and  daughtet  to  Stuart 
Rodie  77  and  Rebecca  Rodie  on  April  22.  Named 
Elizabeth  Ann...  First  child  and  daughter  to  Ann 
Campbell  Flannery  79  and  Dick  Flannery  on 
March  20.  Named  Carolyn  Ann... First  child  and  son 
to  Alice  Grainger  Gasser  7.9  and  Patrick  K. 
Gasser  on  May  24.  Named  Joseph  Grainger...  Third 
child  and  daughter  to  Tom  Harman  79  and  Robin 
Harman.  Named  Caroline  Cochran. 


80s 


Lynn  Creamer  Borstelmann  '80  is  director  of 
health  care  and  patient  services  at  St.  Joseph's  Hospi- 
tal in  Syracuse,  N.Y.  She  and  her  husband, 
Borstelmann  A.M.  '86,  Ph.D.  '90,  and  thei 
live  in  Manlius,  N.Y. 


Delaski  '80  is  the  first  woman  to  wotk 
as  the  Pentagon's  chief  spokesperson.  She  was  White 
House  correspondent  for  ABC  News.  She  began  her 
career  as  a  reporter  for  WTVD-TV  in  Durham. 

Sheriden  Talley  Black  Godshall  '80  is  a 

litigation  lawyer  with  a  Philadelphia  firm.  She  and 
her  husband,  Scott,  and  theit  son  live  in  Philadelphia. 

Thomas  B.  McLaurin  '80  is  completing  his 

residency  program  in  diagnostic  radiology  at  the  Uni- 
versity of  Maryland  Hospital  in  Baltimore.  He  and  his 
wife,  Claire  Webber,  live  in  Baltimore. 

Mary  Lou  Lindegren  '81,  M.D.  86  is  a  pediatri- 
cian and  works  as  a  medical  epidemiologist  at  the 
Centers  for  Disease  Control  and  Ptevention  in  the 
HIV/AIDS  division.  She  and  het  husband.  Brad,  and 
their  daughter  live  in  Atlanta. 


M.  Glenn  Currann  III  '82  is  a  partner  in  the  Fort 
Lauderdale  law  firm  Heinrich  Gordon  Batchelder 
Hargrove  ck  Weihe.  where  he  specializes  in  commer- 
cial litigation  and  health  care  law.  In  1991,  he  was 
ordained  as  an  elder  in  the  Presbyterian  Church  of 


America.  He  and  his  wife,  Sandy,  have  two  children. 

Garrett  J.  Hart  '82,  a  Navy  lieutenant  comman- 
der, visited  New  Yotk  City  aboatd  the  aircraft  carrier 
USS  John  F.  Kennedy,  whose  home  port  is  Norfolk, 
Va.,  for  "Fleet  Week  '93,"  an  annual  event  comprising 
ships  of  the  U.S.  Atlantic  Fleet  and  the  Russian  navy. 

Cedric  Jones  '82  was  named  manager  of  youth  pro- 
grams by  NFL  Properties,  Inc.  He  and  his  wife,  Melanie, 
and  their  three  sons  live  in  the  New  Yotk  area. 

Margaret  E.  Kelly  '82,  who  earned  her  M.B.A. 
in  1990  from  the  University  of  Texas  at  Austin,  was 
promoted  to  business  plannet  with  Pepsi  and  trans- 
ferred from  Pittsburgh  to  Houston. 

Gary  P.  Lyon  '82  was  named  senior  vice  president, 
acquisitions,  tot  TtiNet  Corporate  Realty  Trust,  a 
newly-formed  real  estate  investment  trust.  He  and  his 
wife,  Andrea,  and  their  son  live  in  Chester  Springs,  Pa. 

Elizabeth  Mertz  Ph.D.  '82  is  an  assistant  profes- 
sor at  the  Northwestern  Univetsity  School  of  Law. 
She  lives  in  Skokie,  111. 

Marshall  Orson  '82  was  named  vice  president  of 
business  affairs  for  TBS  Productions  and  director  of 
business  affairs  tor  Turner  Publishing.  He  lives  in 
Atlanta. 


Heidi  Mandanis  Schooner  '6 

professor  at  Catholic  University  of  America's  Colum- 
bus School  of  Law.  She  and  her  husband,  Steve,  live 
in  Arlington,  Va. 

Jamie  Davis  '83  completed  his  residency  in  emer- 
gency medicine  at  Wake  Forest's  Bowman  Gray 
School  of  Medicine,  where  he  was  chief  resident  dur- 
ing his  last  year.  He  practices  emergency  medicine  at 
the  New  Hanover  Medical  Center  in  Wilmington, 
N.C.  He  and  his  wife,  Jennie,  and  their  three  children 
live  in  Wilmington. 

Dorothy  Boyd  Hamrick  B.S.N.  '83  is  commu- 
nity relations  coordinator  for  the  Chatlotte  Institute 
of  Rehabilitation.  She  lives  in  Charlotte.  (The  maga- 
zine apologizes  for  printing  an  incorrect  death  notice 
in  the  July-August  issue.) 

Laurel  Ann  MacKay  '83  is  regional  general 
counsel  for  the  Massachusetts  Department  of  Envi- 
ronmental Protection.  She  lives  in  Walpole,  Mass. 

Thomas  P.  Old  we  Her  '83  is  a  member  of  the 
Mobile,  Ala.,  law  fitm  Miller,  Hamilton,  Snider  & 
Odom. 


ini"  Poore  Geraffo  '84  is  alumni 
director  at  Charlotte  Country  Day  School.  She  and 
her  husband,  Philip  V.  Geraffo  B.S.E.  '84, 
M.B.A.  '89,  the  manager  of  corporate  development  at 
Rexham  Inc.,  have  a  daughter  and  live  in  Charlotte. 

Frank  H.  Myers  '84,  a  Navy  lieutenant,  is 
deployed  aboard  the  aircraft  carrier  L'SS  Theodore 
Roosevelt,  whose  home  port  is  Norfolk,  Va. 

Steven  A.  Scolari  J.D.  '84  is  a  partner  in  the 
Philadelphia  law  firm  Stradley,  Ronon,  Stevens  & 
Young,  where  he  specializes  in  corporate  and  securi- 
ties law. 

David  T.  Thuma  J.D.  '84  resigned  from  the  Albu- 
querque, N.M.,  law  firm  Poole,  Kelly  &  Ramo  to  start 
the  firm  Jacobvitz,  Roybal  6k  Thuma,  also  in  Albu- 
querque. He  specializes  in  bankruptcy  and  commer- 
cial litigation. 


who  earned  an  M.D.  at 
Emory  University's  medical  school,  is  a  pathology 
resident  at  Brigham  and  Women's  Hospital  in  Boston. 
She  and  her  husband,  Jonas  Henry  Goldstein 

B.S.E.  '87,  live  in  Norwood,  Mass. 


is  a  urology  resident  at  Duke 
Hospital.  He  and  his  wife,  Elisabeth  Harper 

M.B.A. '91,  live  in  Durham. 


When  You're 
Threatened  By 
A  Killer,  Don't 
Turn  To  a  Spa. 

Overcoming  heart  disease  takes  more  than  oat 
btan  and  whirlpools.  To  fight  the  nation's  number 
one  killer,  come  to  the  Duke  Center  for  Living. 
This  extraordinary  new  |Of^  facility  for 
heart  disease  ptevention  >^F  and  rehabilita- 
tion is  part  of  the  renowned  Duke  University 
Medical  Center  Here  some  of  the  nation's 
ptemiet  s^  cardiologists  work  with  nutri- 
tionists if  and  psychologists  to  help  you  regain 
the  freedom  to  lead  an  active  life.  But  you  won't 
see  the  doctors  only  in  the  examining  room. 
Whethet  you're  walking  laps  in 
our  world-class  fitness  center  or 
enjoying  delicious  meals  in  our  heart-healthy 
restaurant,  Duke  physicians  are  right  beside  you. 
«A  •*  If  you  want  serious  help  taking 
— b  '*=»  control  of  your  heart  and  your 
life,  call  the  experts  at  the  Duke  Center  for 
Living  at  800-CFL-DUKE.      r\TT17T7 


Or  mail  in  the  form  below 


r  a  detailed 


chur 


CENTER 


and  pricing  information.         LIVING 


CALL  ON  THE  EXPERTS. 


Cirr,ST»TE7IP 


Please  Mail  to:  Duke  Center  for  Living.  Box  3022.  Duke 
University  Medical  Center.  Durham.  North  Carolina  2~W 


800-CFL-DUKE      919-660-6600 


September-October    1993 


EPICUREAN  ENTREPRENEUR 


While  growing 
up  in  Tes- 
cumbia, 
Alabama,  Wiley 
Mullins  III  would  sit 
on  the  front  porch  with 
his  grandmother  shell- 
ing peas.  He  developed 
a  taste  for  authentic 
smoked  barbecue  at  his 
uncle's  restaurant.  And 
when  he  got  a  little 
older,  Mullins  M.B.A. 
'84  stocked  shelves  at 
the  local  grocery 
Now,  the  viva- 
cious business- 
man has  com- 
bined his 
hometown 
experiences 
with  business 
school  expertise 
to  launch  Uncle 
Wiley's 

Authentic  i 

American 

Soul  Food.  Distributed 
around  the  country  in 
standard  and  gourmet 
grocery  stores,  the  line 
includes  such  tantaliz- 
ing offerings  as  "Pre- 
cious" Purple  Hull 
Peas,  "Tried  and  True' 
Turnip  Greens,  and 
"Spirited"  Blackeyed 
Peas.  Mullins,  an 
enthusiastic  epicurean, 
says  he  thinks  that 
healthy  Southern  fare 
could  be  the  next  big 
niche  to  develop  in  an 
ever-diversifying 
industry. 

"Our  customers  are 
African-Americans, 
Southern  whites, 
Northerners,  ethnic- 
food  enthusiasts," 
Mullins  says.  "That 
just  about  covers  it, 
doesn't  it?  The  reason 
so  many  people  like 


our  food  is  because  it's 
healthy.  We  always 
start  with  fresh  ingredi- 
ents, and  we've 
replaced  the  fatback 
and  ham  hocks  with 
other  seasonings  so 
that  it's  not  greasy  or 
high  in  cholesterol." 
Uncle  Wiley's  owes  its 
inspiration  to  slave-era 
cuisine,  when 
meat 


preceded  by  a  church 
potluck  supper.  The 
labels  may  soon 
become  collector's 
items,  though,  as 
Mullins  may  have  to 
forego  lore  for  nutri- 
tional analysis  to  fulfill 
FDA  requirements. 
Now  in  its  second 
year,  Uncle  Wiley's  is 
rapidly 


Welcome  to  home  cookin:  detail  from  label  fa, 
"Spirited"  Blackeyed  Peas 


was  unavailable  and 
cooks  had  to  rely  on 
inventive  flavorings 
and  slow  cooking  to 
produce  tasty  fare. 

After  working  for 
Lipton  Tea  and 
Richardson- Vick, 
Mullins  started  Uncle 
Wiley's  from  his  own 
kitchen  with  $20,000. 
Mullins  called  on  an 
artist  friend  to  come  up 
with  the  label  illustra- 
tions, watercolor  paint- 
ings on  parchment 
showing  scenes  from 
Mullins'  hometown. 
There's  also  a  brief 
story  about  the  rituals 
and  rhythms  of  small- 
town life,  such  as  the 
annual  summer  revival 


expanding.  By  the  end 
of  1993,  Mullins'  goal 
is  to  be  in  7,000  stores 
throughout  the  coun- 
try. He's  doing  market- 
testing  in  Japan  and 
the  Caribbean,  and 
adding  products,  such 
as  a  frozen  food  line, 
packaged 
season- 
ings, and 
an  Uncle 
Wiley's 
cookbook, 

Although  Uncle 
Wiley's  is  based  in 
Bridgeport, 
Connecticut,  Mullins 
will  always  be  a  South- 
erner at  heart.  His  veg- 
etables are  grown  at 
small  farming  coopera- 


tives in  Dixie,  and  he 
returns  to  Tescumbia 
often  to  visit  with  his 
family  and  the  town's 
extended  community. 

When  asked  what  his 
ideal  meal  would  be, 
Mullins  lets  out  a  big 
laugh.  "I'm  gonna  tell 
you,  and  this  will  prob- 
ably never  make  Bon 
Appetit,  but  I  love  good 
old-fashioned  fried 

don't  you?  And 
some  hush  puppies 
and  a  good  baked 
potato,  a  big 
slice  of  my 
own  sour 
cream  corn- 
bread,  sweet 
potato  pie  for 
dessert,  and  a 
big  tall  glass  of 
iced  tea  with 
lemon  and 
mint 
And  I  would  invite  my 
hometown,  because  it 
would  be  a  celebration 
of  community  and 
neighborhood  and  I 
think  that's  what  it's  all 
about." 

If  you'd  like  to  see 
Uncle  Wiley's  Authen- 
tic American  Soul 
Food  in  your  local  gro- 
cery store,  contact  the 
company  at  131  Sum- 
mit Street,  Bridgeport, 
Connecticut  06606. 


Virginia  Galda  Woelf  lein  '34  is  a  project  mai 
ager  in  global  operations  for  the  American  Express 
Bank  in  New  York.  Her  husband,  Andrew,  is  found( 
and  president  of  Bay  State  Associates 


'85  is  chief  deputy  director  of  the 
Michigan  Department  of  Management  and  Budget. 
She  lives  in  East  Lansing. 

Nora  Gillis  Bynum  '85  is  completing  her  doc- 
toral work  in  anthropology  and  forestry  at  Yale.  She 
and  her  husband,  David  Z.  Bynum  '86,  and  their 
daughter  live  in  Bahama,  N.C. 


George  Dorfman  '85  is  first  assistant  men's  bas 
ketball  coach  at  Cornell.  His  wife,  Tammy,  is  assis- 
tant director  of  the  Wellness  Program  at  Cornell. 
They  live  in  Ithaca,  N.Y. 

Randolph  Scott  Elf  '85  earned  his  J.D.  from 
Syracuse  University  College  of  Law  in  May. 


Maria  Kirsh  Gale  '85  is  an  attorney  with  Jones, 
Day  Reavis  &  Pogue.  She  and  her  husband,  Brian, 
live  in  New  York  Ciry. 


D.  Hahne  '85,  a  Navy  lieutenant,  is 
completing  a  six-month  deployment  to  the  Western 
Pacific  and  Persian  Gulf  with  commander,  Carrier 
Group  Seven,  of  Naval  Air  Station,  North  Island,  in 
San  Diego. 

Nancy  Meister  Henschel  '85,  who  graduated 
from  the  University  of  Miami's  law  school  in  1990, 
opened  a  law  practice  with  her  husband,  Andrew. 
They  specialize  in  criminal  defense  and  civil  litiga- 
tion. She  is  also  operating  a  division  of  Meister  Finan- 
cial Group,  Inc.,  a  mortgage  company.  The  couple  has 


Dorothy  Huse  Howell  '85,  who  is  pursuing  her 
M.B.A.  at  the  University  of  South  Carolina,  works  as 
an  engineer  for  a  design  engineering  consultant  in 


Greenville,  S.C.  She  and  her  husband,  Steve,  have  a 
daughter. 

Joyce  Levowitz  Maffezzoli  '85  is  a  law  clerk 
at  the  Federal  District  Court  in  New  York.  Her  hus- 
band, James,  is  a  marketing  assistant  at  RJR  Nabisco 
in  New  York. 

Stephen  Meffert  '85  is  an  ophthalmology  resi- 
dent at  California  Pacific  Medical  Center  in  San 
Francisco.  He  and  his  wife,  Melissa  Kelley  '86, 
and  their  daughter  live  in  San  Francisco. 

Donna  Musio  '85,  A.M.  '86  graduated  summa  cum 
laude  from  Boston  College  Law  School,  where  she 
was  executive  editor  of  the  Boston  College  Environ- 
mental Affairs  Law  Review.  She  served  as  a  clerk  to  the 
chief  judge  of  the  U.S.  District  Court  for  the  District 
of  Rhode  Island  and  to  a  senior  judge  of  the  First  Cir- 
cuit Court  of  Appeals  in  Boston.  She  is  an  associate  in 
the  environmental  department  of  the  Boston  law  firm 
Goodwin,  Procter  &  Hoar. 


Michael  P.  Scharf  '85  is  assistant  professor  of 
law  at  the  New  England  School  of  Law,  where  he 
teaches  public  international,  human  rights,  and  inter- 
national criminal  law.  He  and  his  wife,  Trina 
Smith  Scharf  '86,  live  in  Framingham,  Mass. 

Lisa  Blanchard  Tobey  '85  is  taking  an  ex- 
tended leave  of  absence  from  her  law  practice  to  work 
as  a  ghostwriter.  She  and  her  husband,  Brian,  and 
their  son  live  in  Naugatuck,  Conn. 

Michael  Takashi  Yamamoto  '85,  who  earned 
an  M.B.A.  in  May  from  the  University  of  Virginia's 
Darden  School  of  Business,  is  an  associate  in  the  infor- 
mation systems  group  with  Booz  Allen  &  Hamilton, 
Inc.  in  Washington,  D.C. 

Thomas  Borstelmann  A.M.  '86,  Ph.D.  '90, 
assistant  professor  of  history  at  Cornell  University, 
had  his  book  Apartheid's  Reluctant  Uncle:  The  United 
States  and  Southern  Africa  in  the  Early  Cold  War  pub- 
lished by  Oxford  University  Press  in  June.  He  and  his 
wife,  Lynn  Creamer  Borstelmann  '80,  and 
their  son  live  in  Manlius,  N.Y. 

David  Z.  Bynum  '86  is  pursuing  his  master's  in 
resource  ecology  at  Duke's  School  of  the  Environ- 
ment. He  and  his  wife,  Nora  Gillis  Bynum  '85, 
and  their  daughter  live  in  Bahama,  N.C. 

Derrick  Sean  Fox  '86  is  executive  director  of  the 
Alamo  Bowl  in  San  Antonio.  He  and  his  wife,  Ali- 
son, live  in  San  Antonio. 

Melissa  Kelley  '86,  who  earned  an  M.B.A.  from 
the  Haas  School  of  Business  at  the  University  of  Cali- 
fornia, Berkeley,  was  named  assistant  managing  direc- 
tor of  the  Public  and  Nonprofit  Management  Program 
at  its  business  school.  She  and  her  husband, 
Stephen  Meffert  '85,  and  their  daughter  live  in 
San  Francisco. 

Adam  D.  Koenigsberg  '86  is  a  resident  physi- 
cian in  ophthalmic  surgery  and  ophthalmology  at  the 
Louisiana  State  Univetsity  Eye  Center  in  New 
Orleans. 

Laurie  Whitmore  Lippincott  '86  is  an  associ- 
ate product  manager  at  Frito-Lay  Inc.  in  Dallas,  where 
her  husband,  Kevin,  is  an  assistant  product  manager 
at  Frito-Lay. 

John  T.  Molleur  '86  retired  in  November  from 
the  U.S.  Navy  as  lieutenant  because  of  a  physical 
disability.  He  is  a  first-year  law  student  at  West  Vir- 
ginia University. 

Susan  Canter  Reisner  J.D.  '86  is  a  partner  in 
the  Atlanta  firm  King  &  Spalding. 

Ronald  A.  "Rocky"  Robins  Jr.  '86  is  an  asso- 
ciate in  the  Columbus  office  of  the  law  firm  Vorys, 
Sater,  Seymour  and  Pease,  where  he  practices  general 
corporate  law. 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


Cynthia  Sulzberger  Simpson  '86  is  an  intern 
in  the  Language  and  Learning  Pisahility  Unit  at  St. 
Luke's  Hospital  in  New  York.  She  and  her  husband, 
Gary,  live  in  Manhattan. 

Leigh  Dudek  Sorokin  '86,  who  earned  an  M.D. 
from  the  Medical  College  of  Wisconsin  in  May,  is 
serving  a  transitional  residency  in  the  MCW  Affili- 
ated Hospital  Programs  in  Milwaukee. 

Philip  Ray  Broenniman  '87,  who  earned  his 
M.B.A.  from  the  University  of  Virginia's  Darden 
School  of  Business,  is  a  trader  with  Taylor  &  Co.  He 
lives  in  New  York  City. 

Edward  Lloyd  Field  '87,  who  earned  an  M.B.A. 
in  May  from  the  University  ot  Virginia's  Darden  School 
of  Business,  is  a  husiness  development  analyst  with 
Tredegar  Industries,  Inc.  He  lives  in  Richmond,  Va. 

Jonas  Henry  Goldstein  B.S.E.  '87,  who  earned 
an  M.D.  at  Emory  University's  medical  school,  is  a 
radiology  resident  at  Rhode  Island  Hospital  in  Provi- 
dence. He  and  his  wife,  Meryl  Lee  Tillotson  '84, 
live  in  Norwood,  Mass. 


'87,  a  Navy  lieutenant,  com- 
pleted a  six-month  deployment  with  Attack  Squadron 
36  of  Naval  Air  Station  Oceana  in  Virginia  Beach, 
Va.,  as  part  of  the  ait  wing  for  the  aircraft  carrier  USS 
Theodore  Roosevelt  hattle  group. 

Brant  W.  Long  '87  works  in  media  relations  at 
IBM  in  White  Plains,  N.Y.  He  lives  in  New  York  City. 

Brett  Mensh  B.S.E.  '87,  who  earned  an  M.D. 
from  Baylor  College  of  Medicine  in  May,  is  an  intern 
at  the  University  of  Tennessee  College  of  Medicine 
in  Chattanooga. 

Gregory  A.  Murray  B.S.E.  '87  is  stationed  at 
Rhein-Main  Air  Base  in  Germany.  He  is  in  his  sec- 
ond year  of  working  with  humanitarian  airlift  and 
airdrop  missions  in  the  former  Yugoslavia.  He  and  his 
wife,  Amy  Larson  Murray  '88,  live  on  base. 

Scott  R.  Royster  '87  is  a  principal  at  Capitol 
Resource  Partners,  a  venture  capital  partnership  in 
Boston.  He  is  also  president  of  Tribeca  Designs,  Inc., 
a  manufacturer  and  marketer  of  furnitute  accessories. 
He  lives  in  Cambridge,  Mass. 


Lisa  Laplace  Smith  '87  is  an  associate  with  the 
New  York  City  law  firm  Sullivan  &  Cromwell.  Her 
husband,  Matthew,  is  a  corporate  finance  associate  in 
New  York. 

Hester  Old  Sullivan  '87  earned  her  master's  in 
social  work  at  Hunter  College.  She  and  her  husband, 
Anthony,  live  in  Manhattan. 

Patsy  Bolduc  B.S.E.  '88  earned  her  M.B.A.  last 
spring  from  the  University  of  Texas.  She  lives  in  Los 
Angeles. 


who  graduated  from  Yale 
University's  medical  school,  began  an  internal  medi 
cine  residency  at  the  University  of  Washington  in 
Seattle. 

Sue  Scarlett  Carter  M.D.  '88  works  at  The 

Children's  Hospital  in  Denver,  Colo.  She  and  her 
husband,  Jeff,  live  in  Denver. 


Geoffrey  B.  di  Mauro  '88,  who  graduated  in 
May  from  Boston  University's  law  school,  practices 
environmental  law  at  Akerman,  Senterfitt  &  Eidson. 
He  and  his  wife,  Leslie,  live  in  Orlando. 


L.  Fowler  '88  was  named  manager  of  the 
Independence  Park  office  of  First  Citizens  Bank  in 
Durham. 


M.  Thomas  Hatley  Ph.D.  '88  published  Chero- 
kees  and  Souih  Carolinians  Through  ihe  Era  nf  Revolu- 
tion. He  lives  with  his  family  in  upstate  New  York, 
where  he  directs  an  environmental  organization. 


A  'BLUE  DEVIL'  HOLIDAY 


1993  -  THE  FOURTH  EDITION  ORNAMENT 


THE  FOURTH  EDITION:  The  fourth  edition  of  the  Commemorative 
Holiday  Ornament  Collection,  featuring  the  Duke  Blue  Devil,  is  now  available. 
You  can  display  this  dated  pewter  ornament  this  year  and  for  years  to  come.  It 
is  a  keepsake  that  you  will  cherish. 

LIMITED  EDITION:  ORDER  NOW  as  quantities  are  limited.  Don't  get 
caught  this  season  without  owning  the  1993  Duke  University  Pewter  Com- 
memorative Ornament.  It  also  makes  a  great  gift  for  that  special  person  on  your 
list! 

THE  COLLECTION  CONTINUES:  Each  year  a  newly  designed  and  dated 
ornament  commemorating  Duke  University  will  be  issued  and  sent  to  you  on 
approval.  You  will  be  notified  in  advance  and  may  purchase  only  if  you  wish. 


Commemoratives-Adams  and  Adams  Inc.  is  a  proud  licensee  of 
DUKE  UNIVERSITY 


ORDER  FORM 

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or  refund  within  15  days.  As  a  subscriber  I  have  the  opportunity  to  review  future  ornaments.  1  will 
be  notified  in  advance  and  may  purchase  only  if  I  wish. 

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September-October    1993 


LEARNING  THE  LEGACY 


After  graduating 
with  honors 
last  year,  politi- 
cal science  major  Jen- 
nifer Ehlin  '92  got  a 
real-life  education  in 
Israel  learning  about 
her  Jewish  heritage. 
Commissioned  as  an 
ensign  in  the  U.S. 
Navy,  Ehlin  postponed 
her  service  for  a  year  to 
live  and  work  in 
Jerusalem. 

Awarded  the  Anna 
Sobol  Levy  Scholarship 
by  The  Hebrew  Uni- 
versity for  a  year  of 
graduate  work,  Ehlin 
interned  in  the  Knesset 
(the  Israeli  Parliament) 
and  attended  classes  at 
the  university.  Among 
her  first-hand  encoun- 
ters with  Israeli  politics 
were  sharing  elevators 
with  Israeli  Prime  Min- 
ister Yitzhak  Rabin  and 
Foreign  Minister  Shi- 
mon Peres  and  mar- 
veling at  the  passionate 
nature  of  parliamen- 
tary proceedings. 

"The  Israelis  view 
themselves  as  a  coun- 
try under  siege,"  says 
Ehlin,  "and  therefore 
are  generally  aggres- 
sive, impatient,  opin- 
ionated, and  over- 
whelmed with  a 
constant  sense  of 
urgency.  Tempers  run 
wild  within  the  Knesset 
chamber  and  members 
give  off  the  feeling  that 
every  vote  could  mean 
the  survival  or  doom  of 


ROTHBERG 


experience  more  than  classroom  encounters 


the  State  of  Israel." 
Ehlin  also  got  in- 
volved with  an  organi- 
zation called  the 
"March  of  the  Living," 
which  brings  more 
than  1,000  students 
together  each  summer 
to  visit  concentration 
camps  and  places  in 
Poland  where  the  Jew- 
ish community  and 
culture  used  to  thrive. 
Ehlin  says  that  she  was 
profoundly  moved  by 
the  experience. 


"We  visited  the  con- 
centration camps  of 
Majdanek,  Treblinka, 
Plashov,  Auschwitz, 
and  Birkenau  and 
came  face  to  face  with 
the  reality  of  the  Holo- 
caust—800,000  shoes, 
rooms  full  of  hair,  eye- 
glasses, suitcases, 
prayer  shawls,  and 
other  items  that  the 
prisoners  treasured 
when  they  first  arrived 
at  the  camps.  It  cer- 
tainly reduced  the 


debate  about  Revision- 
ism that  occurred  at 
Duke  last  year  to  a 
ridiculous  chatter,"  she 
says,  referring  to  a  con- 
troversial full-page  ad 
in  The  Chronicle  that 
questioned  whether 
the  Holocaust 
happened. 

Ehlin  says  that 
despite  the  depressing 
nature  of  these  sites, 
she  was  encouraged  by 
trips  to  small  towns 
where  Jewish  life  used 
to  flourish.  Religious 
students  sang,  danced, 
and  prayed,  bringing 
"these  barren  places 
back  to  life,"  she  says. 
"The  energy  and  reju- 
venation they  brought 
to  destroyed  syna- 
gogues, courtyards, 
and  cemeteries,  even 
though  only  for  a  short 
time,  was  enough  to 
uplift  me  and  force  me 
to  look  optimistically 
toward  the  future." 

Even  though  she's 
now  embarked  on  her 
Navy  commission, 
Ehlin  says  the  year  in 
Israel  continues  to  res- 
onate. "My  experien- 
ces there  will  surely 
affect  every  decision  I 
will  make  in  the  years 
to  come.  I  have  been 
taught  the  lessons  of 
being  indelibly  linked 
to  a  past  that  spans 
4,000  years,  and  to  the 
thriving  Jewish  com- 
munity of  today." 


Alexandra  H.  Mayer  '88,  who  graduated  in  May 
from  Northwestern  University's  Kellogg  Graduate 
School  of  Management,  works  for  Apple  Computer. 
She  lives  in  Cupertino,  Calif. 


B.S.E.  '88  was  named  product  man- 
ager for  Intel's  microprocessor  product  group  and  was 
transferred  to  Silicon  Valley.  He  lives  in  Mountain 
View,  Calif. 

Lisa  I.  Micklin-Rouh  '88,  who  earned  her  mas- 
ter's in  public  relations  from  Rowan  College  of  New 
Jersey  in  April,  is  a  free-lance  communications  con- 
sultant and  a  public  information  officer  for  the  Arc 
Gloucester  in  Woodbury,  N.J.  She  and  her  husband, 
Walt,  live  in  Mantua,  N.J. 

Elizabeth  Mitchell  '88  is  a  manager  with  Ander- 
sen Consulting.  She  and  her  husband,  Joseph  Moss, 
live  in  Davidson,  N.C. 

Lyda  Creus  Molanphy  '88  is  vice  president  of 
communications  at  the  political  consulting  firm  Ship- 
ley &  Associates,  Inc.  in  Austin,  Texas.  She  and  her 
husband,  Paul,  live  in  Austin. 

Amy  Larson  Murray  '88  works  at  Du  Pont  Ger- 
many's headquarters  near  Frankfurt,  Germany.  She 


and  her  husband,  Gregory  A.  Murray  '87,  live  at 
Rhein-Main  Air  Base. 

Michael  Rosovsky  '88  is  an  English  and  history 
teacher  at  the  Fenn  School  in  Concord,  Mass.  His 
wife,  Rachel,  is  a  science  and  mathematics  teacher  at 
the  Brookwood  School  in  Manchester,  Mass. 

Tara  Mendrzycki  Smith  '88  is  a  counselor  with 
the  drug  abuse  prevention  program  of  the  Roman 
Catholic  Archdiocese  of  New  York  in  Mamaroneck. 
Her  husband,  Adam,  is  a  third-year  law  student  at 
Fordham  University. 

James  Philip  Starr  '88,  who  is  a  second-year 
law  student  at  the  University  of  Missouri-Kansas  City, 
is  agency  investment  coordinator  for  the  Connecticut 
Mutual  Life  Agency  in  Kansas  City.  He  and  his  wife, 
Alison,  live  in  Kansas  City. 


Michele  Steinbach  '88,  a  Navy  lit 
received  a  Letter  of  Commendation  for  "superior 
performance  of  duty"  while  assigned  with  Nuclear 
Weapons  Training  Group  Atlantic  at  the  naval  sta- 
tion in  Norfolk,  Va. 

Robert  A.  Wargo  '88  is  a  third-year  law  student 
at  UCLA,  where  he  is  chief  articles  editor  for  the 
UCLA  Entertainment  Law  Review.  During  the  sum- 


he  appeared  in  Once  Upon  a  Mattress  at  Theatre 
Palisades  in  Pacific  Palisades,  Calif. 

Carrie  C.  Chorba  '89  earned  her  master's  from 
the  Hispanic  studies  department  at  Brown  University 
and  won  the  Presidential  Award  for  Excellence  in 
Teaching.  She  is  a  doctoral  candidate  and  teaching 
Brown. 


Adriane  Kyropoulos  '89  is  a  database  admi 
trator  in  the  New  York  law  firm  Cleary,  Gottlieb 
Steen  &  Hamilton.  Her  husband,  Fred 
Mclntyre  '89,  is  an  East  Coast  advertising 
manager  at  Spin  magazine  in  New  York. 

Jodi-beth  McCain  '89,  who  concluded  a  training 
period  at  Habitat  for  Humanity's  international  head- 
quarters in  Americus,  Ga.,  is  an  international  partner 
with  the  group.  She  will  be  helping  to  build  houses  in 
Bolivia. 

Laurel  Miller  '89,  who  earned  her  M.B.A.  in  May 
from  the  University  of  Virginia's  Darden  School  of 
Business,  is  a  brand  assistant  with  Procter  &  Gamble. 

Renu  Nanda  '89  is  an  associate  at  the  Hartford 
law  firm  Hebb  &  Gitlin.  Her  husband,  Sanjoy 
Goyle  '89,  is  an  associate  at  the  Hartford  law  firm 
Shipman  &  Goodwin. 

Caryn  Christensen  Novak  '89  works  for  Mor- 
gan Stanley.  She  and  her  husband,  Brad,  live  in  New 
York  City. 

Brad  D.  Onofrio  '89,  who  earned  an  M.B.A.  in 
finance  from  the  University  of  Houston  in  July,  works 
as  a  systems  analyst  for  Exxon  Computing  Services 
Co.  in  Houston. 

Gary  T.  Paschal  B.S.E.  '89  is  a  Navy  lieutenant 
deployed  for  six  months  in  the  Western  Pacific  and 
Persian  Gulf  aboard  the  submarine  L'SS  Pogy,  whose 
home  port  is  San  Diego. 

Seung-Yeun  Rha  '89  graduated  from  the  Hahne- 
mann University  School  of  Medicine  in  Philadelphia. 

Tracy  D.  Traynham  '89,  J.D.  '92  is  an 
at  the  Dallas  law  firm  McKenna  &  Cuneo. 


MARRIAGES:  Paula  H.  Goldman  '80  to  Neil 
Best  on  April  18.  Residence:  Metuchen,  N.J.... 
Thomas  B.  McLaurin  '80  to  Claire  Webber  on 
April  3.  Residence:  Baltimore... Mary  Lou  Linde- 
gren  '81,  M.D.  '86  to  Bradley  A.  Perkins  on  May  10, 
1992.  Residence:  Atlanta... Anne  Pavloff  '82  to 
Ray  Firsching  on  April  3.  Residence:  Reston,  Va.... 
Virginia  Galda  '84  to  Andrew  Woelflein  on  June 
1  9    Robyn  Madeleine  Levy  '84  to  James 
Matthew  Weisz  on  May  30.  Residence:  Los  Ange- 
les... Meryl  Lee  Tillotson  '84  to  Jonas 
Henry  Goldstein  B.S.E.  '87  on  Aug.  22.  Resi- 
dence: Norwood,  Mass.... John  Wiener  '84  to 
Elisabeth  Harper  M.B.A.  '91  on  May  8.  Resi- 
dence: Durham...  George  Dorfman  '85  to 
Tammy  Koehler  on  June  5 . .  .Joyce  E.  Levowitz 
'85  to  James  Maffezzoli  on  July  3 . .  Douglas 
Mankoff  '85  to  Marcia  Weiher  on  May  23 . . .  Der- 
rick Sean  Fox  '86  to  Alison  Beckley  Roach  on 
Feb.  13.  Residence:  San  Antonio. . .  Cynthia 
Sulzberger  '86  to  Gary  Simpson  on  June 
17...  Lauri  Whitmore  '86  to  Kevin  Lippincott  on 
July  10... Jonas  Henry  Goldstein  B.S.E.  '87  to 
Meryl  Lee  Tillotson  '84  on  Aug.  22.  Residence: 
Norwood,  Mass.... Lisa  Laplace  '87  to  Matthew 
Smith  on  June  19. .  Hester  Old  '87  to  Anthony 
Sullivan.  Residence:  Manhattan. .  .Wendy  Cramer 
'88  to  Andrew  Sanford  on  June  1 2 . . .  Lyda  Creus 
'88  to  Paul  F.  Molanphy  on  April  17.  Residence: 
Austin, Texas... Geoffrey  B.  di  Mauro  '88  to 
Leslie  L.  Strong  in  May.  Residence:  Orlando, 
Fla....Tara  Ann  Mendrzycki  '88  to  Adam 
Smith  on  June  12...  Elizabeth  Ruth  Mitchell 
'88  to  Joseph  William  Moss  Jr.  on  Aug.  14.  Residence: 
Davidson, N.C... Michael  Rosovsky  '88  to 


t 


Expeditions  of  the  Mind 

1994  ALUMNI  EDUCATIONAL  PROGRAMS 

For  those  who  miss  the  excitement  of  learning, 

exploring,  discovering,  and  discussing 


The  Search  For  Meaning 
April  21-24,  1994 
location  to  be  announced 

Why  am  I  here?  Where  am  I  going?  What  is  the 
purpose  of  life?  Join  us  as  we  confront  life's 
ultimate  questions  head-on  and  discover  how  to 
search  for  answers  to  them.  This  outstanding  Duke 
course,  offered  in  seminar  form  for  the  second  time, 
involves  coming  to  grips  with  what  it  means  to  be  a 
human  being  who  lives,  loves,  works,  plays,  suffers, 
and  dies.  Our  faculty  will  be  the  creators  of  the 
course:  William  Willimon,  Dean  of  the  Chapel, 
Thomas  Naylor,  Professor  of  Economics,  and 
Magdalena  Naylor,  psychiatrist. 

Spoleto  Festival  U.S.A. 

May  27-30,  1994 
Charleston,  South  Carolina 

Indulge  in  a  "cultural  feast"  as  you  partake  of  three 
days  and  three  nights  of  music,  dance,  opera,  and 
theater  in  historic  Charleston.  Enjoy  excellent  seats 
at  performances,  receptions  in  private  homes,  visits 
to  historic  sites,  and  accommodations  at  the  famous 
Mills  House  Hotel.  Faculty  host  will  be  Lorenzo 
Muti  of  Duke's  music  department,  who  conducted 
the  Spoleto  Festival  Orchestra  at  Spoleto  1993. 


Exploring  the  Southwest 

July  1994 

Santa  Fe,  Taos,  Mesa  Verde,  Chaco  Canyon 

Discover  the  rich  heritage  and  beauty  of  the 
American  Southwest  as  you  spend  time  studying 
the  arts,  architecture,  and  cultural  geography  of  this 
unique  region.  Visit  the  homes  and  studios  of 
practicing  artists,  explore  galleries  and  museums, 
journey  to  contemporary  Indian  and  remote 
Spanish  villages,  and  trek  through  ancient 
archaeological  sites.  If  you  desire,  extend  your 
journey  to  include  two  of  America's  most 
spectacular  national  parks:  Mesa  Verde,  with  its 
Anasazi  Indian  cliff  dwellings,  and  Chaco  Canyon, 
the  high  point  of  pre-Columbian  civilization  in  this 
country. 


DUKE  SEMINARS 

Spend  half  a  day  in  close  contact  with  one  of 
Duke's  outstanding  professors.  These  stimulating 
and  thought-provoking  programs,  centered  around 
a  single  theme,  are  held  in  cities  across  the  country. 
In  1993-94  seminars  are  planned  for  Atlanta, 
Nashville,  Boston,  Cleveland,  Cincinnati,  northern 
New  Jersey,  Seattle,  and  Denver. 
Alumni  and  friends  in  these  areas  will  be  notified  of 
dates  and  topics. 


DUKE  CLAS 

Duke  Directions 

September  20  and  October  22,  1994 
West  Campus 

Rediscover  the  true  "Duke  experience"— the 
classroom  experience!  Return  to  Duke  for  a  day  of 
stimulating  classes  designed  for  alumni  and  taught 
by  top  Duke  faculty.  Choose  from  a  variety  of 
topics,  including  science,  religion,  literature, 
economics,  history,  political  science,  and  health.  In 
addition,  hear  about  student  life  from  a  panel  of 
current  students,  and  get  an  update  from  the  deans 
on  new  programs  at  Duke. 


STUDY  ABROAD 


Excavations  at  Sepphoris 

June  2-17,  1994 
,  Israel 


Here  is  a  unique  opportunity  to  participate  first- 
hand in  an  archaeological  dig.  For  the  past  nine 
years  noted  Duke  professors  Eric  and  Carol  Meyers 
have  led  excavations  on  the  ancient  city  of 
Sepphoris,  near  Nazareth  in  Lower  Galilee.  Not 
only  have  they  unearthed  ancient  buildings  and 
underground  chambers,  their  discoveries  have 
included  bronze  statues,  religious  artifacts,  and  the 
famous  "Mona  Lisa  of  Roman  Palestine,"  a  1,700 
year-old  mosaic  pavement  containing  a  hauntingly 
beautiful  female  portrait.  Participants  will  spend 
their  mornings  at  the  excavation,  with  afternoons 
free  to  sight-see,  rest,  or  assist  with  artifact  cleaning 
and  cataloging.  Accommodations  will  be  in  an  air- 
conditioned  hotel  near  the  site.  Weekends  will  be 
spent  visiting  Jerusalem  and  Galilee. 

The  Oxford  Experience 

September  4-17,  1994 

The  University  of  Oxford,  England 

What  is  the  Oxford  Experience?  It  is  an  opportu- 
nity to  immerse  yourself  in  centuries-old  traditions 
of  learning  and  community,  to  study  in  small 
groups  with  renowned  Oxford  faculty,  to  explore 
the  English  countryside  and  visit  historical 
landmarks,  to  be  students  once  again.  Choose  a 
course  from  topics  that  include  art,  archaeology, 
politics,  and  history.  Attend  classes,  participate  in 
field  trips,  enjoy  special  events,  and  savor  the 
atmosphere  of  one  of  the  world's  great  centers  of 
learning. 

questions?       9HBHHHH1 

Contact:     Deborah  Weiss  Fowlkes  78 

Director,  Alumni  Continuing  Education 

Box  90575 

Durham,  NC  27708-0575 

(919)  684-5114  or    (800)  FOR-DUKE 


All  programs  sponsored  by  the  Duke  Alumni  Association 


Put  me  on  the  mailing  li; 
Name 


iformation  about  the  alumni  educational  programs  listed. 


Return  to:  Box  90575,  Durham,  NC  27708-0575 


Sep! 


-October    1993 


Rachel  Greenberger  on  June  27... Sue  Scarlett 
M.D.  '88  to  Jeff  Carter  on  Sept.  11.  Residence:  Den- 
ver, Colo....Caryn  Christensen  '89  to  Bradford 
Jay  Novak  on  April  24.  Residence:  New  York  City... 
Susan  Hunter  '89  to  Gary  Garyfallou  on  May  30. . . 
Adriane  Kyropoulos  '89  to  Fred  Headen 
Mclntyre  '89  on  June  19...Renu  Nanda  '89  to 
Sanjoy  Goyle  '89  on  June        Ann  V.  Zaldas- 
tani  '89  to  John  W.  Griffen  on  June  19. 

BIRTHS:  First  child  and  son  to  Sheriden  Talley 
Black  Godshall  '80  and  Scott  Godshall  on  May 
28.  Named  Peter  Talley  Black. .  .Third  child  and  third 
son  to  Elizabeth  "Buffi"  Grover  Guff ey  '80 
and  Steven  E.  Guffey  on  May  27.  Named  Keegan 
Grover... Second  child  and  first  son  to  Joe  M. 
Hamilton  '80  and  Katen  L.  Kuwata  on  June  3. 
Named  Matthew  Connor... Son  to  Patsy  Suther- 
land Keller  80,  MBA  88  and  Doug  Keller 
'80,  Ph.D.  '86  on  June  17.  Named  Duncan  Suther- 
land. .  .Third  child  and  second  son  to  Julia  Borger 
Ferguson  '81  and  Thomas  Ritson  Fergu- 
son III  '81  on  Jan.  26.  Named  James  Alexander... 
Third  child  and  daughter  to  Larry  Jones  '81  and 
Lucy  Stea  Jones  '82  on  April  17.  Named 
Virginia  Lucille. .  .First  child  and  daughter  to  Mary 
Lou  Lindegren  '81,  M.D.  '86  and  Bradley  A. 
Perkins  on  Sept.  15.  Named  Emily  Brooke... Second 
child  and  son  to  Annette  Lathrop  Bingaman 
'82  and  Steven  Bingaman  on  Jan.  20.  Named 
Nicholas  West... Daughter  to  Anne  Tuthill  Fox 
B.S.M.E.  '82  and  John  Ayauian  '82  on  Nov.  11, 
1990.  Named  Katherine  Fox.  Also,  son  on  Aug.  15, 
1992.  Named  Matthew  Fox. .  .Third  child  and  daugh- 
ter co  Lucy  Stea  Jones  '82  and  Larry  Jones 
'81  on  April  17.  Named  Virginia  Lucille... First  child 
and  son  to  Gary  P.  Lyon  '82  and  Andrea  Lyon  on 
June  8.  Named  Christian  Zachary. .  .Second  child  and 

daughter  to  Thomas  Jerome  McEvoy  '82  and 
Marie  Toyama  McEvoy  '84  on  July  8.  Named 
Emily  Joan. .  .First  child  and  daughter  to  Dallas 
Foster  Jr.  B.S.E.  '83  and  Lisa  Bellamy  Foster. 
Named  Nina. .  .Second  child  and  daughter  to 
Collins  Williams  S3  and  Georgann  Hib- 
bard  Williams  '84  on  Nov.  6,  1992.  Named  Caro- 
line Collins. .  .Second  child  and  daughter  to  Marcy 
Mann  Martin  '84  and  Christopher  John  Martin  on 
June  26.  Named  Avery  Elizabeth... Second  child  and 
daughter  to  Marie  Toyama  McEvoy  '84  and 
Thomas  Jerome  McEvoy  '82  on  July  8. 
Named  Emily  Joan... First  child  and  son  to  Irma 
Kanter  NimetZ  '84  and  Warren  Nimetz  on  June 
2 1 .  Named  Edward  Scott .. .  Second  child  and  first  son 
to  Elizabeth  Ann  Washbum  Pesce  '84  and 
Timothy  Patrick  Pesce  on  May  6.  Named  Jameson 
Hunter... Daughter  to  Karen  Lynch  van  Caulil 
'84  and  Pete  van  Caulil  on  Feb.  7.  Named  Kristen 
Johanna. .  .Second  child  and  daughter  to 
Georgann  Hibbard  Williams  '84  and 
Collins  Williams  '83  on  Nov.  6,  1992.  Named 
Caroline  Collins. .  .First  child  and  daughter  to  Nora 
Gillis  Bynum  '85  and  David  Z.  Bynum  '86  on 
March  28.  Named  Elizabeth  Leanora. . .Second  child 
and  second  son  to  Margaret  Mayer  Condie  '85 
and  Parker  B.  Condie  Jr.  on  Oct.  4,  1992.  Named 
Edward  Hughes. . .  First  child  and  daughter  to 
Dorothy  Huse  Dowe  B.S.E.  '85  and  Steve  Dowe 
on  May  6.  Named  Bailey  Moore. .  .First  child  and 
daughter  to  Maria  Kirsh  Gale  '85  and  Brian  Gale 
on  Sept.  29,  1992.  Named  Grace  Baker... Daughter  to 
Stephen  Armstrong  Meffert  '85  and 
Melissa  Lynn  Kelley  '86  on  Jan.  29.  Named 
Liana  Kelley... First  child  and  son  to  John  K.  Nor- 
beck  '85  and  Tara  D.  Norbeck  on  April  13.  Named 
Kai  Jonathan. .  .Second  child  and  second  daughter  to 
Catherine  R.  Amdur  Small  '85  and  Scot 
McCauley  Small  on  July  7.  Named 
Victoria  Larson... Son  to  Lisa  Blanchard 
Tobey  '85  and  Brian  Tobey  on  Feb.  2.  Named 
Alexander  David. .  .First  child  and  son  to  Melissa 
Perry  Winchester  '85  and  Andy  Winer  on 


March  16.  Named  Canton  Abraham... First  child  and 
daughter  to  David  Z.  Bynum  '86  and  Nora 
Gillis  Bynum  '85  on  March  28.  Named  Elizabeth 
Leanora... First  child  and  daughter  to  Kimberly 
Marshall  Glynn  '86  and  Sean  William 
Glynn  '86  on  March  3 1 .  Named  Meagan  Mary. . . 
Daughter  to  Melissa  Lynn  Kelley  '86  and 
Stephen  Armstrong  Meffert  '85  on  Jan.  29. 
Named  Liana  Kelley. .  .Son  to  Carole  Thompson 
Levine  '86  and  Robert  Scott  Levine  B.S.E. 
'86  on  Jan.  16.  Named  Scott  David.  ..Third  child  and 
son  to  David  A.  Lockwood  '86  and  Rosemary 
Hern  Lockwood  on  June  13.  Named  Henry  John... 
Second  child  and  daughter  to  Robert  Brian 
Stefanowicz  '86  and  Mary  Beth  Stefanowicz  on 
June  11,  1992.  Named  Christine. 


90s 


'90  is  a  management  fellow 
at  Sisters  of  Mercy  Health  Corp.  in  Grand  Rapids, 
Mich.  She  lives  in  Grand  Rapids. 

Katherine  B.  Duval  '90  was  selected  through  the 
Student  Conservation  Association  and  the  National 
Park  Service  to  work  as  a  resource  assistant  volunteer 
at  Glacier  National  Park  in  Montana. 

Leah  Goodnight  '90  opened  a  women's  clothing 
shop  in  Raleigh,  N.C.,  featuring  a  designer  collection 
from  New  York.  The  shop,  "Beanie  &  Cecil,"  opened 
in  October  1992. 

Sue  Harnett  '90,  M.H.A.  '92  returned  from  Kor- 
trijk,  Belgium,  where  she  played  semi-professional 
basketball  for  a  year.  She  is  working  as  an  administra- 
tive resident  at  the  Geisinger  Medical  Center  in 
Danville,  Pa. 


Michael  P.  Hasik  '90,  a  Na 
returned  aboard  the  aircraft  carrier  L>'SS  Kitty  Hawk, 
whose  home  port  is  San  Diego,  following  a  six-month 
deployment  to  the  Western  Pacific  and  Persian  Gulf. 

Carlos  R.  Olarte  B.S.E.  '90,  who  graduated  from 
the  Chicago-Kent  College  oi  Law,  works  with  the  law 
firm  Baker  &  McKenzie  in  the  Bogota,  Colombia, 
office,  where  he  specializes  in  intellectual  property 
and  international  financing. 


Fidi  '90,  who  graduated  in  May  from 
Yale  Law  School,  is  working  on  her  Ph.D.  in  medieval 
history,  with  a  focus  on  legal  history  and  canon  law, 
at  the  University  of  California  at  Berkeley. 


Zilles  B.S.E.  '90,  a  fourth-year  medical 
student  at  George  Washington  University  School  of 
Medicine  and  Health  Sciences,  was  elected  to  Alpha 
Omega  Alpha  National  Medical  Honor  Society  and  is 
pursuing  a  residency  in  orthopedic  surgery. 

Kristie  Bishop  Cowan  '91  is  assistant  sports 

information  director  at  Davidson  College  in  David- 
son, N.C.  Her  husband,  Scott  Cowan  '91,  works 
for  Andersen  Consulting  in  Charlotte,  N.C.  They 
live  in  Charlotte. 

Jeffrey  J.  Eberting  '91,  who  is  a  third-year  stu- 
dent at  Temple  University's  School  of  Dentistry  in 
Philadelphia,  completed  the  first  half  of  his  national 
boards.  He  and  his  wife,  Alyson  Amonette 
Eberting  '93,  live  in  East  Falls,  Pa. 


P.  Flinter  '91,  a  Marine  second  lieu- 
tenant, participated  in  the  ten-day  combined  military 
exercise  "Team  Spirit-93,"  conducted  in  the  Republic 
of  Korea. 


Hess  '91,  who  earned  her  master's  in 
health  care  administtation  from  the  UNC-Chapel 
Hill  School  of  Public  Health  in  May,  is  a  health  care 
consultant  for  John  J.  Lee  and  Associates  in  Durham. 


Stuart  Alexander  McCaughey  '91,  who  is 
pursuing  his  Ph.D.  in  neurobiology  at  the  University 
of  Delaware,  is  also  an  undergraduate  teaching 


Raymond  F.  Person  Ph.D.  '91  is  assistant  pro- 
fessor of  religion  at  Ohio  Northern  University. 

Jennifer  Rudinger  '91  is  in  her  first  year  of  law 
school  at  Ohio  State  University  in  Columbus.  She 
asks  Blue  Devils  in  Buckeye  country  to  look  her  up 
during  the  basketball  season. 

Edward  J.  Shanaphy  '91,  who  earned  his  mas- 
ter's from  the  London  School  of  Economics  in 
December,  is  director  and  company  secretary  of  Hays- 
bridge  Ltd.,  which  specializes  in  producing  and  mar- 
keting CDs  and  cassettes.  He  lives  in  London. 

Luis  A.  Suarez  '91  is  a  business  systems  developer 
for  Ryder  Dedicated  Logistics  in  Miami,  Fla. 

Elisabeth  Harper  Wiener  MBA.  '91  is  a  mar- 
keting consultant  for  consumer  packaged  goods  com- 
panies. She  and  her  husband,  John 
live  in  Durham. 

Nancy  Williamson  '91  is  student  affaii 
tee  representative  and  coordinator  of  admissions 
activities  for  the  third-year  class  at  the  Baylor  College 
of  Medicine. 

Richard  Joseph  Woodcock  Jr.  '91  is  a  third- 
year  medical  student  at  the  University  of  Virginia. 
His  wife,  Elizabeth  Blackmon  Woodcock 

'92,  is  a  corporate  analyst  at  the  University  of  Virginia 
Health  Services  Foundation  in  Charlottesville. 

Shawn  Drennan  '92,  a  Navy  ensign,  received  a 
Letter  of  Commendation  for  his  "superior  performance 
of  duty"  while  assigned  at  the  Naval  Ocean  Process- 
ing Facility  at  Ford  Island  in  Pearl  Harbor,  Hawaii. 

Tonya  Robinson  '92  is  a  Rotary  International 
Ambassadorial  Scholar  studying  at  the  University  of 
Cape  Town  in  Cape  Town,  South  Africa,  where  she 
is  enrolled  as  an  honors  student  in  the  Center  for 
African  Studies  at  the  Oppenheimer  Institute.  Her 
research  focuses  on  gender  issues  and  the  political 
lives  of  women. 


■  LL.M.  '92  was  accepted  into  the 
doctoral  program  at  the  University  of  Toronto  Fac- 
ulty of  Law  and  received  an  Insolvency  Institute  of 
Canada  Fellowship.  He  will  be  teaching  commercial 
and  debtor-creditor  law  at  the  University  of  Auck- 
land Faculty  of  Law  in  New  Zealand  while  working  on 
his  doctoral  thesis.  He  and  his  wife,  Patricia,  and  their 
son  will  move  to  New  Zealand  in  December. 

Elizabeth  Blackmon  Woodcock  '92  is  a  cor- 
porate development  analyst  at  the  University  of  Vir- 
ginia Health  Services  Foundation  in  Charlottesville, 

Va.  Her  husband,  Richard  Joseph  Woodcock 

Jr.  '91,  is  a  third-year  medical  student  at  U.Va. 

Alyson  Amonette  Eberting  '93  is  a  first-year 
student  at  Villanova  University's  School  of  Law  in 
Ardmore,  Pa.  She  and  her  husband,  Jeffrey  J. 
Eberting  '91,  live  in  East  Falls,  Pa. 

Catherine  Stanton  Flanagan  ID  '93  works 
at  the  Chicago  law  firm  Keck,  Mahin  &  Cate.  Her 
husband,  Larkin,  is  a  vice  president  at  J.P.  Flanagan 
Corp.  in  Chicago. 


Garner  Frost  '93  is  working  as  a 
legislative  aide  in  Washington,  D.C. 

Jane  Molofsky  Ph.D.  '93  was  awarded  an 
Alexander  Hollaender  Distinguished  Postdoctoral 
Fellowship  by  the  U.S.  Department  of  Energy.  She 
will  pursue  her  research  at  Princeton  University. 

MARRIAGES:  Kristie  Bishop  '91  to  Scott 
Cowan  '91  on  July  3.  Residence:  Charlotte, 
N.C...  Jeffrey  J.  Eberting  '91  to  Alyson  L. 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


Amonette  '93  on  July  3 1 .  Residence:  East  Falls, 

Pa. Tali  Levine  '91  to  Ron  Kamis  '91  on  Oct. 
18,  1992.  Residence:  Arlington,  Va...  Andrea 
Fraser  '92  to  Todd  F.  Griffith  on  May  29. 


BIRTHS:  Son  to  Daniel  P.  Holmes  '90  and 

Laura  C.  Holmes  on  May  20.  Named  Alexander 
Laurence. 


DEATHS 


Francis  W.  Davis  '27  of  Pompano  Beach,  Fla.,  on 
June  9.  He  is  survived  by  a  son,  Wesley  S.  Davis 
'45,  and  a  grandson,  Wesley  S.  Davis  Jr.  '69. 

Dorothy  Louise  Huneycutt  78  or  Albemarle, 
N.C.,  on  Sept.  18,  1992,  of  heart  failure. 

Oscar  Whitfield  Broome  '29  of  Monroe,  N.C, 
on  March  28.  After  teaching  high  school  and  working 
as  principal  at  several  North  Carolina  high  schools, 
he  became  the  first  principal  of  Monroe  High  when  it 
opened  in  1960.  As  superintendent  of  Monroe  City 
Schools  during  the  Sixties,  he  oversaw  integration  of 
the  schools.  He  retired  in  197 1 .  He  was  director  of 
Union  County  Combined  Charities  and  served  on 
the  board  of  directors  of  the  Council  of  Aging.  He  is 
survived  by  two  sons,  including  O.  Whitfield 
Broome  Jr.  '62;  a  stepson;  two  stepdaughters;  a 
sister;  and  four  grandchildren,  including  Michael 

Broome  B.S.E.  '91. 

William  L.  Dunn  Jr.  '30  of  Pinetops,  N.C,  on 


A.  Huffman  '30,  A.M.  '32,  B.D.  '33  of 
Salem,  Ore.,  on  March  18.  A  graduate  of  Harvard 
Divinity  School  and  Brown  University  Graduate 


School,  he  was  head  of  the  religion  department  at 
Wesleyan  College  in  Macon,  Ga.,  and  later  at 
Willamette  University  before  he  retired  in  1974.  A 
member  of  an  archaeological  expedition  to  Turkey, 
he  published  the  series  How  We  Got  Our  Bible  and  a 
book,  Which  Peace  Plan!  He  was  also  an  adviser  on  the 
Greek  New  Testament  and  a  pastor  to  several 
churches  in  the  Western  North  Carolina  Conference 
of  the  United  Methodist  Church.  He  is  survived  by 
two  sisters. 

Hilary  A.  Humble  '32,  A.M.  '33  of  Wilmington, 
N.C,  on  May  18,  of  pneumonia.  He  had  retired  from 
Dow  Chemical  Co.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Carol, 
a  daughter,  and  two  grandsons. 

Vivian  V.  Davis  '33  of  Durham  on  July  19.  She 
was  a  retired  school  teacher.  She  is  survived  by  a 
brother  and  two  nephews. 

Lee  George  '34  of  Hickory,  N.C,  on  July  8.  A 
manager  of  the  family  business,  Merchants  Distribu- 
tor, Inc.,  a  wholesale  grocery  distributorship,  he  was 
also  director  of  Northwestern  Bank  and  part  owner  of 
Boyd  Lee  Knitting  Mill.  In  1988,  he  was  named 
Lenoir-Rhyne  Business  Council  Man  of  the  Year  and 
in  1991  received  the  Jefferson  Award  for  his  contribu- 
tions to  the  Soup  Kitchen  of  Hickory.  He  is  survived 
by  his  wife,  Helen,  a  son,  three  daughters,  a  sister,  and 
seven  grandchildren. 

George  K.  Mahl  M.D.  '34  of  St.  Petersburg,  Fla., 
on  May  6. 

Robert  J.  Heffelfinger  '35  of  Dimock,  Pa.,  on 
June  21,  1992. 

Joshua  MacDonald  Sr.  '35  of  San  Rafael, 
Calif,  on  June  24.  A  Red  Cross  volunteer  during 
World  War  II,  he  worked  as  vice  president  and  gen- 
eral manager  of  the  fire  casualty  department  at  Cali- 


fornia Compensation  and  Fire  Co.  and  later  as 
account  executive  and  vice  president  of  Bailey,  Mar- 
tin &  Faye  of  California.  In  1968,  he  joined  Kindler 
&  Laucci  of  San  Francisco,  becoming  senior  vice 
president  in  1976.  Following  his  semi-retirement  in 
1986,  he  worked  as  a  consultant  until  1990.  He  is 
survived  by  1 1 i >,  wife,  Madeline,  a  son,  a  stepson,  and 
two  step-grandchildren. 

Robert  L.  Coulson  '37  of  Gettsyburg,  Pa.,  on 
March  26. 


Carl  M.  Whitley  '37  of  Wilson,  N.C,  on  Ja 

A.  Fred  Rebman  III  '38.  J. D.  '41  of 

Chattanooga,  Tenn.,  on  Oct.  13.  He  was  a  pari 


the  law  firm  Spea 


,Mc 


,  Rebman  and  Wil 


Kennon  Winston  Comer  '39  of  Portland,  Ore., 
in  May.  Before  moving  to  Oregon  in  the  1950s,  she 
was  a  cettified  public  accountant  in  North  Carolina. 
She  is  survived  by  her  husband,  Walter,  two  sons,  a 
daughter,  and  six  gtandchildren. 

Thomas  A.  Curtis  '39  of  Elyria,  Ohio,  on  Sept.  4, 

1992. 

Deane  Matheson  Huggins  R.N.  '41  of 

Fayetteville,  N.C,  on  May  7,  of  kidney  and  heart 
failute.  She  is  survived  by  a  son,  two  daughters,  and 
four  grandsons. 

Jane  Wire  Rhodes  '41  of  Sterling,  Va.,  on  June 
1 1 .  She  was  involved  with  various  civics  groups,  in- 
cluding the  Business  and  Professional  Women's  Club. 
She  is  survived  by  her  husband,  Donald,  and  a  son. 

Israel  Mowshowitz  A.M.  '42,  Ph.D.  '53  of  New 
York  City  in  July,  of  cancer.  A  graduate  of  Yeshiva 
University,  he  was  ordained  as  a  rabbi  in  1937.  Presi- 
dent of  the  New  York  Board  of  Rabbis  in  the  1960s, 
he  founded  the  International  Synagogue  at  Kennedy 


Guest  Quarters 


SUITE        HOTEL 
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International  Airport  and  was  also  its  honorary  presi- 
dent. Often  called  "my  rabbi"  by  his  long-time  friend 
Gov.  Mario  Cuomo,  he  was  special  assistant  for  com- 
munity affairs  in  the  governor's  office  for  many  years. 
He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Lillian  Polacheck 
MowshowitZ  '40,  a  son,  a  daughter,  two  sisters, 
five  grandchildren,  and  three  great-grandchildren. 

Clark  W.  Benson  M.Div.  '43  of  Charlotte,  N.C., 
on  Oct.  2,  1992.  A  graduate  of  Brevard  College  and 
Wofford  College,  he  served  in  the  Western  North 
Carolina  Conference  of  the  United  Methodist 
Church  for  41  years.  After  he  retired,  he  continued 
teaching  Sunday  School  and  preaching.  He  also 
taught  woodcarving  at  Gaston  College  and  Forsyth 
Community  College  and  conducted  therapeutic 
woodcarving  classes  at  the  Winston-Salem  Enrich- 
ment Center.  He  is  survived  by  a  son,  a  daughter,  and 
two  grandchildren. 

John  A.  Cuthrell  Jr.  '43  ofFayetteville.N.C,  in 
July.  He  retired  as  a  general  agent  at  Midland 
National  Life  Insurance  Co.  He  was  a  member  of  the 
Veterans  of  Foreign  Wars  and  the  American  Legion. 
He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Irmgard,  a  son,  a  daughter, 
a  stepson,  a  stepdaughter,  eight  grandchildten,  and 
three  great-grandchildren. 

John  R.  Jenkins  '43  of  Windsor,  Calif.,  on 
Dec.  25. 


Sally  Moore  Starke  '43  of  Charleston,  W.Va., 
on  Jan.  9. 

Richard  C.  Bayer  '44  of  St.  Petersburg,  Fla.,  on 
May  1 1.  A  Navy  Seabee  during  World  War  II,  he 
worked  as  a  mechanical  engineer  at  the  Gteat  Lakes 
steel  division  of  National  Steel  Corp.  for  35  years.  He 
is  survived  by  his  wife,  Elizabeth,  two  sons,  a  daugh- 
ter, five  sisters,  and  three  grandchildren. 

Russell  Hobron  "Hobie"  Moore  '44  of 

Wayne,  Pa.,  on  June  19,  1992.  At  Duke,  he  was 
enrolled  in  the  Naval  ROTC  program  and  was  a 
member  of  Sigma  Chi  fraternity.  He  worked  for  W. 
Kramer  Associates  in  Philadelphia.  He  is  survived  by 
his  wife,  (Catherine,  a  son,  a  daughter,  a  brother,  and 
four  grandchildren. 

Frank  A.  Shomaker  B.S.M.E.  '45  of  Chat- 
tanooga, Term.,  on  Dec.  30. 

Irene  Baker  McClure  '46  of  Mun-ells  Inlet,  S.C. 

Walter  R.  Curtin  '47  of  Southboro,  Mass.,  on 
April  28.  A  World  War  II  Navy  veteran  who  earned 
the  Victory  Ribbon,  he  worked  as  a  stockbroker 
before  retiring  15  years  ago.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Jeannette  Alden  Curtin  '44,  two  sons,  two 
daughters,  a  brother,  and  five  grandchildren. 

Andres  T.  Melero  '47,  M.D.  '51  of  Durham  on 
July  23,  after  a  long  illness.  After  serving  in  the  Air 
Force  during  the  Korean  War,  he  practiced  general 
surgery.  He  is  survived  by  a  daughter  and  a  brother. 

Frederick  A.  Sharkey  III  B.S.C.E  47  on  Oct 

29,  1992.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Betty. 


M.D.  '48  of  Wilmington, 
N.C.,  on  April  4,  1991,  of  a  viral  infection.  He  is 
survived  by  his  wife,  Janet. 


D.  Thomas  Ferrell  Jr.  A.M.  '48,  Ph.D.  '50 
of  Huntingdon  Valley,  Pa.,  on  Aug.  17,  1991,  of 


L.  Flynn  M.Div.  '48  of  South  Charleston, 
W.Va.,  on  March  1 1 .  He  taught  in  colleges  and 
served  pastorates  in  Virginia,  West  Virginia,  and 
North  Carolina.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Shirley, 
three  sons,  and  two  gtanddaughters. 


Jr.  '48  of  Bethesda,  Md.,  on 
May  29,  of  prostate  cancer.  A  World  War  II  Army 
veteran,  he  worked  at  Lamar  and  Wallace  for  44 
years.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Jane;  two  sons, 


including  William  Robert  Lamar  III  '80,  a 

brother;  and  four  grandchildren. 

Gilbert  L.  Shugar  '49  ofTarboro,  N.C.,  on  July 
5.  A  World  War  II  veteran,  he  owned  Shugar  Depart 
ment  Store  in  Tarboro.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Joyce;  a  son,  Gregory  Jay  Shugar  '82;  two 
daughters,  including  Lori  Ann  Shugar  '86;  two 
sisters;  three  brothers;  and  a  granddaughter. 


M.  Johnson  H.A.  Cert  '50  of  Charlotte, 
N.C.,  on  Sept.  17,  1991.  He  was  the  associate  director 
of  Charlotte  Memorial  Hospital. 

William  Y.  Moore '51  of  Winston-Salem,  N.C., 
on  March  16,  of  lung  cancer.  He  was  a  technician 
with  AT&T. 

Guy  Stewart  Spann  '51  of  East  Granby,  Conn., 
on  July  12.  An  Army  veteran  of  the  Korean  War,  he 
worked  for  Connecticut  General  Life  Insurance  Co. 
for  many  years  and  retired  as  principal  of  Storey,  Spann, 
Frederick  &  Associates.  He  sang  and  acted  in  local 
theater  groups  and  was  a  volunteer  reader  for  CRIS 
Radio.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Jacqueline,  three 
daughters,  a  brother,  a  sister,  and  three  grandchildren. 

Otho  L.  Graham  '52  of  Morehead  City,  N.C.,  on 

May  27.  A  former  U.S.  Air  Force  pilot  and  a  graduate 
of  UNC-Chapel  Hill's  law  school,  he  was  chair  of  the 
board  of  Marine  Environmental  Research  Inc.  A  co- 
owner  of  Graham  Builders  Supply  in  Bartow,  Fla.,  he 
was  mayor  of  Bartow  in  1 962  and  a  county  commis- 
sioner in  Polk  County  from  1960-62.  He  is  survived 
by  two  sons,  a  daughter,  a  sister,  and  a  grandchild. 

Dudley  Pierce  Hager  '52  of  Boardman,  Ohio, 
on  March  6. 

Robert  D.  Barnes  Ph.D.  '53  of  Gettysburg,  Pa. 

James  Earl  Somers  M.D.  '53  of  Chapel  Hill, 
N.C.,  in  July.  A  graduate  of  UNC-Chapel  Hill,  he 
was  a  World  War  II  Navy  veteran.  He  worked  in  psy- 
chiatry at  UNC  Hospitals  and  in  private  practice  with 
the  Psychiatric  Association  of  Chapel  Hill.  A  clinical 
professor  of  psychiatry  at  UNC  since  1956,  he  had 
served  on  the  admissions  committees  at  UNC's  med- 
ical school  since  1980.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Betty,  two  sons,  two  daughters,  two  sisters,  and  three 
grandchildren. 

Dorothy  Horton  Hamrick  '54  of  Shelby,  N.C., 
on  Jan.  14,  1992.  She  is  survived  by  a  sister,  Mary 
Horton  Huse  '50  and  two  daughters,  Mary 
Moore  Hamrick  '80  and  Dorothy  Boyd 

B.S.N.  '83. 


Marvin  Dewey  Tyson  B.D.  '54  of  Greenville, 
S.C,  on  Feb.  18.  A  graduate  of  Atlantic  Christian 
College  and  a  World  War  II  Marine  Corps  veteran, 
he  served  as  a  minister  of  the  N.C  Annual  Confer- 
ence of  the  United  Methodist  Church  for  38  years. 
He  was  chair  of  the  Board  of  Evangelism  from  1972- 
76  and  was  on  the  Board  of  Ordained  Ministry  from 
1984  to  1992.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Ruth;  a  son; 
two  daughters;  four  brothers,  including  Vernon  C. 
Tyson  B.D.  '57  and  Tommy  Tyson  '51;  a  sister; 
four  grandchildren;  and  a  great-grandchild. 

Carlos  Thomas  Flick  A.M.  '57,  Ph.D.  '60,  of 
Macon,  Ga.,  on  May  12.  He  was  professor  of  history  at 
Mercer  University  in  Macon.  He  is  survived  by  a  son, 
Marc  Alan  Flick  '85,  and  a  daughter,  Amy 
Marie  Flick  J  D  '84 

Thomas  Anthony  El-Ramy  M.D.  '61  of  Pom- 
pano  Beach,  Fla.,  on  April  1. 

George  Marshall  Lyon  Jr.  M.D.  '61  of  Ann 
Arbor,  Mich.,  on  Nov.  1 1.  A  Davidson  College  grad- 
uate, he  worked  for  three  years  at  the  National  Insti- 
tutes of  Health  before  being  named  assistant  professor 
of  pediatrics  at  Duke  Medical  Center  in  1967.  He  was 
appointed  head  of  the  oncology/metabolism  section 
of  Burroughs  Wellcome  in  1973.  He  was  named  the 


company's  director  of  regulatory  affairs  in  1978,  where 
he  helped  introduce  Zovirax  for  herpes  viral  infec- 
tions and  Retrovir  for  AIDS.  For  the  last  three  years, 
he  was  senior  vice  president  for  clinical  research  at 
the  Parke-Davis  pharmaceutical  research  division  of 
Warner-Lambert  Co.  in  Ann  Arbor.  He  is  survived  by 
his  wife,  Judith;  three  sons,  including  George  M. 
Lyon  III  '90;  three  daughters;  and  three  sisters. 


D.  Duvall  M.A.T.  '63  of  Buies  Creek, 
N.C,  on  May  4.  After  working  as  county  attorney  in 
Owentown,  Ky.,  for  ten  years,  he  served  in  World 
War  II  and  in  the  Korean  War.  After  retiring  from  the 
military,  he  was  an  assistant  professor  of  mathematics 
at  Campbell  University.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife, 
Mary,  a  daughter,  and  two  grandchildren. 

Mary  Hoeser  Chastain  '64  of  Atlanta  on  May 
22,  of  breast  cancer.  After  working  for  WSB  radio  in 
Atlanta,  she  became  operations  manager  for  the 
Drexel  Firestone  securities  branch  in  Atlanta.  In  the 
1970s,  she  was  a  founder  and  board  member  of  Seve- 
nanda  Natural  Foods  in  Atlanta.  She  is  survived  by 
her  husband,  Ken,  and  a  son. 

Mary  Clyde  Singleton  Ph.D.  '64  of  Chapel  Hill 
on  July  1 1 ,  after  a  long  illness.  A  graduate  of  the 
Woman's  College  of  UNC  at  Greensboro,  she  prac- 
ticed physical  therapy  at  Duke  Hospital  in  the  1940s 
and  '50s  while  serving  as  president  of  the  North  Car- 
olina and  American  Physical  Therapy  associations. 
From  1954  to  1958,  she  was  technical  director  at  the 
Warm  Springs  Foundation,  a  Georgia  facility  that 
treated  polio  victims.  She  taught  anatomy  in  the 
physical  therapy  division  at  UNC-Chapel  Hill's  med- 
ical school  until  retiring  in  1980.  She  is  survived  by 
two  sisters  and  several  nieces  and  nephews. 


C.  Duly  Ph.D.  '65  of  Bemidji,  Minn.,  in 
May.  A  graduate  of  the  University  of  South  Dakota 
and  the  University  of  Melbourne  in  Australia,  he 
worked  first  as  a  history  professor  at  the  University  of 
Nebraska-Lincoln  and  was  a  Fulbright  fellow.  He  was 
vice  president  for  academic  affairs  at  Bemidji  State 
University  for  10  years  and  became  the  school's  presi- 
dent in  1990.  He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Diane,  and 
several  children. 

August  R.  Lawrence  M.A.T.  '67  of  Raleigh, 
N.C,  on  March  30. 

Elizabeth  Perry  Sommerkamp  '69  of 

Winston-Salem,  N.C,  on  May  20,  after  a  fall.  She  is 
survived  by  her  husband,  Kenneth;  a  son;  a  daughter; 
her  brother,  Clifford  W.  Perry  Jr.  '66;  and  her 
sister,  Judy  P.  Booker  '71. 

Tracy  A.  Meier  B.S.E.  '78  of  Wyoming,  Ohio,  on 
Dec.  15,  of  cancer.  She  is  survived  by  her  mother,  a 
brother,  and  a  sister. 

Richard  E.  Wimberley  A.H.C.  '88,  M.Div.  '89 
of  Clayton,  N.C,  on  June  18.  He  is  survived  by  his 
wife,  Denise,  his  parents,  a  brother,  and  his  grand- 
mother. 

Trustee  Emeritus  Boulware 

Caldwell  Elwood  Boulware,  the  first  black  to  sit  on 
Duke's  board  of  trustees,  died  July  4  in  Durham.  He 
was  87. 

A  graduate  of  Johnson  C  Smith  University,  Boul- 
ware earned  his  mastet's  from  the  University  of 
Michigan  and  his  doctorate  from  Columbia  Univer- 
sity. A  civil  rights  activist  who  worked  with  the 
Durham  Committee  on  the  Affairs  of  Black  People, 
he  served  three  terms  on  the  Durham  City  Council. 
He  was  a  professor  of  mathematics  at  North  Carolina 
Central  University  for  3 1  years.  He  was  appointed  to 
Duke's  board  of  trustees  in  1974  and  was  named 
trustee  emeritus  in  1976. 

He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Adriana. 

Divinity  Dean  Cushman 

Robert  Earl  Cushman,  former  dean  at  Duke's 


DUKE    MAGAZINE 


Divinity  School  and  an  international  loader  in  theo- 
logical education,  died  June  9  in  Camden,  Maine.  He 
was  79. 

After  graduating  from  Wesleyan  University,  he 
earned  his  B.D.  and  Ph.D.  degrees  at  Yale,  where  he 
taught  before  coming  to  Duke  in  1*545.  He  was  dean 
of  the  Divinity  School  from  1958  until  1971,  when  he 
retired  as  professor  emeritus  ot  systematic  theology. 

Cushman  oversaw  the  development  of  plans  for  the 
New  Divinity  building,  which  was  finished  in  1972, 
and  was  instrumental  in  starling  the  Ministerial  Edu- 
cation Fund  in  the  United  Methodist  Church.  He 
also  published  widely  in  the  field  of  theology. 

The  only  person  ever  elected  twice  to  the  presi- 
dency of  the  Association  of  Methodist  Theological 
Schools,  he  was  a  Protestant  observer  at  the  Second 
Vatican  Council  in  1964  and  was  a  permanent  mem- 
ber of  the  North  American  Commission  on  Worship 
for  the  World  Council  of  (.  'hurches.  1 1c  also  was  a 


delegate  to  the  World  Conference  of  Faith  and  Order 
in  Lund,  Sweden,  in  1952  and  in  Montreal  in  1963. 
He  is  survived  by  a  daughter  and  two  sons. 

Psychology  Professor  Jones 

Edwatd  E.  Jones,  former  chair  of  Duke's  psychology 
department  and  a  professor  at  Princeton  University, 
died  July  30  of  heart  failure  while  vacationing  with 
his  family  in  Emerald  Isle,  N.C.  He  was  66. 

Jones,  the  Stuart  Professor  of  Psychology  at  Prince- 
ton University,  came  to  Duke  in  1953  after  earning 
his  bachelor's  and  doctoral  degrees  at  Harvard.  He 
chaired  Duke's  psychology  department  from  1970 
through  1973.  He  joined  Princeton  in  1977. 

A  social  psychologist,  he  was  widely  known  for  his 
pioneering  work  on  how  people  understand  each 
other's  motives  and  dispositions.  He  was  one  of  a 
small  number  of  psychologists  who  launched  the  field 
of  "person  perception"  forty  years  ago,  and  the  sus- 


tained program  of  experimental  research  he  began 
culminated  in  his  1990  hook  Interpersonal  Perception. 
His  1964  hook  Ingratiation  won  a  Centuty  Psychology 
Series  Award.  He  was  also  co-author  of  Foundations  of 
Social  Psychology  and  Social  Stigma  and  was  co-editor 
of  Attribution:  Percc'it'int;  the  Causes  of  Behavior. 

He  received  the  American  Psychological  Associa- 
tion's Distinguished  Scientific  Contribution  Award 
in  1977  and  the  Society  for  Experimental  Social  Psy- 
chology's Distinguished  Science  Award  in  1987.  He 
was  a  past  president  ot  the  Society  for  Personality  and 
Social  Psychology  and  was  twice  a  fellow  at  the  Cen- 
ter for  Advanced  Study  in  the  Behavioral  Sciences. 

He  is  survived  by  his  wife,  Virginia;  two  brothers; 
four  daughters;  two  sons,  including  Todd  Jones 
'80;  and  six  grandchildren.  A  memorial  fund  in  his 
name  has  been  established  through  Princeton's  psy- 
chology department. 


CLASSIFIEDS 


RESORTS/TRAVEL 


ARROWHEAD  INN,  Durham's  country  bed  and 
breakfast.  Restored  1775  plantation  on  four  rural 
acres,  20  minutes  to  Duke.  Written  up  in  USA  Today, 
Food  &  Wine,  Mid-Atlantic.  106  Mason  Rd.,  27712. 
(919)  477-8430;  outside  919  area,  (800)  528-2207. 

ST.  JOHN:  Two  bedrooms,  pool.  Quiet  elegance, 
spectacular  view.  (508)  668-2078. 

KEY  WEST:  One-  to  four-bedroom  homes  with 
Jacuzzi,  pool,  exercise  pavillion.  Lush,  private.  His- 
toric Old  Town.  (800)  797-8787. 


THE  OLD  NORTH  DURHAM  INN,  an  intimate 
bed  and  breakfast  less  than  a  mile  from  Duke,  offering 
tum-of-the-century  charm,  comfortable  lodging,  and 
hearty  breakfasts.  922  N.  Mangum  St.,  27701.  (919) 
683-1885. 

LONDON:  My  delightful  studio  apartment  near  Mar- 
ble Arch  is  available  for  short  or  long-term  rental. 
Elisabeth  J.  Fox,  M.D.,  901  Greenwood  Rd.,  Chapel 
Hill,  N.C.  27514.  (919)  929-3194- 

WINTER  PARK,  COLORADO,  LUXURY  CONDO. 
Two  bedrooms,  two  full  baths,  all  amenities:  pool, 
Jacuzzi,  fireplace,  shuttle  to  slopes  (2  miles).  Jean 
(303)  733-8404. 

BRITISH  VIRGIN  ISLANDS:  New  luxury  water- 
front house  on  Little  Mountain,  Beef  Island,  for  vaca- 


tion rental.  Three  bedrooms,  two  baths,  pool,  and 
spectacular  views.  Sleeps  six.  Beautiful  beach  for  great 
swimming  and  snorkeling.  John  Krampf  '69,  812  W. 
Sedgwick  St.,  Philadelphia,  PA  19119.  (215)  438- 
4430  (home)  or  (215)  963-5501  (office). 

FLORIDA  KEYS,  Big  Pine  Key.  Fantastic  open  water 
view,  Key  Deer  Refuge,  National  Bird  Sanctuary,  stilt 
house,  3/2,  screened  porches,  fully  furnished,  stained 
glass  windows,  swimming,  diving,  fishing,  boat  basin, 
non-smoking,  starting  at  $l,500/week.  (305)  665-3832. 


FOR  RENT 

ST.  JOHN,  USVI:  AGAVE,  three-bedroom,  two- 
bath,  fully  equipped  private  home,  two  miles  from 
Cruz  Bay.  Spectacular  view.  From  $1,100  during 
season.  (809)776-6518. 

OCEAN  CITY,  MARYLAND:  Beautifully  furnished 
apartment,  two  bedroom,  two  bath,  sleeps  seven.  The 
Ocean  Front  Quay.  $800/week.  (301 )  593-2312.  Ring 
thrice  only. 

BELIZE,  AMBERGRIS  CAYE.  Three  bedrooms  and 
three  baths,  pool,  fully  furnished  residence  with  spec- 
tacular view  of  Caribbean.  Quiet  elegance.  Diving 
and  fishing.  (615)  373-3551  after  7  p.m. 

Charming  three-bedroom,  furnished  house  in  NC 
mountains.  Vacation  or  long  term.  Secluded  woods. 
(818)  609-1408. 

LONDON  FLATS:  Two  elegant  flats,  Chelsea  Bridge/ 
Battersea  Park  area.  Flat  #16  for  two  or  three  persons 
includes  lovely  lounge,  double  bedroom,  single  bed- 
room, bathroom,  kitchen,  dining  room,  $650  per  week. 
Flat  #18  for  five  persons  in  three  bedrooms, 
bathroom,  lounge/kitchen,  $850  per  week.  Fully 
equipped  house-hold  with  daily  butler  and  maid  ser- 
vice. For  three  nights  or  for  a  week.  Excellent  value 
with  a  five-yeat  history.  Brochure,  photos,  and  refer- 
ences upon  request.  Contact  Thomas  Moore  evenings, 
(801)393-9120. 

ALSO:  Owlpen  Manor  and  estate  cottages  in 
Gloucestershire.  This  is  the  country  estate  of  the  family 
of  Lord  Nicholas  Mander,  with  a  magnificent  manor 
house  where  Queen  Margaret  stayed  during  the  Wars 
of  the  Roses.  These  dreamlike  stone  cottages  and  set- 
ting are  convenient  to  Bath,  Badminton  House, 
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September-October    J  993 


RANSITION 


SUMMING  UP  LIFE'S 
LEDGER 


To  paraphrase  Mark  Twain,  changing 
careers  is  easy;  I've  done  it  dozens  of 
times.  My  every  working  moment 
has  been  a  transition.  What  I'm  looking 
for  is  a  thread  of  stability. 

I  graduated  from  Duke  in  1968,  so  I've 
had  a  quarter  of  a  century  to  clear  a  voca- 
tional path.  But  I  majored  in  history  just 
to  avoid  anything  as  arbitrary  as  a  precon- 
ceived career.  For  the  past  twenty-five 
years,  I've  thought  of  my  career  as  a  ledger 
that  just  hadn't  been  added  up  yet,  isolated 
increments  that  served  the  logic  of  the 
moment  but  had  little  cumulative  effect 
on  the  whole.  Recently,  approaching  my 
twenty-fifth  reunion,  I  viewed  my  life's 
ledger  in  its  own  historical  context  and 
came  to  a  surprisingly  obvious  conclusion: 
I've  had  a  career  all  along,  even  though  I 
didn't  realize  it. 

Like  most  of  my  class,  I  was  born  in 
1946,  and  first  began  contemplating  career 
choices  while  sitting  in  the  school  hall- 
way, head  between  my  knees,  waiting  to 
see  if  the  bomb  would  fall  before  the  new 
addition  was  finished.  As  I  was  growing 
up,  the  sounds  of  construction,  sirens,  and 
rock  music  gradually  grew  louder,  the 
farms  sprouted  shopping  centers,  housing 
developments  kudzued  the  woodlands,  and 
institutions,  ideals,  and  idols  fell  like 
dominoes.  By  the  time  I  graduated  from 
college,  my  philosophy  of  life  was  a  kind  of 
post-existential  ephemeralism. 

My  first  real  job  was  as  marketing  manag- 
er in  the  promotion  department  of  a  large, 
suburban  newspaper  in  New  Jersey.  No  one, 
least  of  all  myself,  quite  knew  what  market- 
ing was,  but  I  won  a  few  awards  for  it. 
(When  the  paper's  advertising  vice  presi- 
dent returned  from  a  seminar  at  Harvard, 
he  asked  me  if  I  had  "worked  with  the  case 
study  method"  in  my  marketing  courses  at 
Duke.  I  told  him,  quite  proudly,  that  I  had 
never  taken  a  marketing  course  in  my  life, 
and  privately  wondered  why  the  company 
hadn't  sent  me  to  Harvard.)  It  was  at  this 
point  that  my  lifelong  nemesis  reared  its 
ugly  head  and  began  nagging  me  about  cre- 
ativity. I  passed  the  message  along  to  my 
boss  and  he  named  me  "creative  manager." 

"This  career  stuff  is  easy,"  the  nemesis 
said.  "Try  exploring  some  creative  alterna- 


Manning:  making  a  career  of  finding  one 
tives."  So  I  quit  my  job,  wrote  an  alterna- 
tive novel,  did  some  volunteer  stamp-licking 
for  the  McGovern  campaign,  house-sat  on 
Martha's  Vineyard,  moved  back  to  Durham, 
worked  for  an  alternative  radio  station, 
started  an  alternative  arts/entertainment 
magazine,  wrote  alternative  short  stories, 
got  my  novel  placed  at  an  alternative  pub- 
lisher, and  free-lanced  my  way  through  a 
combination  of  industrial  films,  A-V  pro- 
grams, and  the  '76  Bicentennial — editing  a 
newsletter,  promoting  a  folklife  festival,  and 
ghost-writing  an  arts  festival  planning  guide. 

Meanwhile,  my  nemesis  had  met  its 
major  ally,  the  Synergic  Theater,  along 
with  my  future  wife  and  co-director, 
Suzanne  White,  who  founded  the  compa- 
ny while  on  the  Duke  dance  faculty.  I 
became  a  movement/image/sound  artist, 
married  Suzanne  on  a  trip  to  Mexico,  and 
committed  my  life  to  exploring  impossible 
new  dimensions  in  multi-media  theater. 
Synergy's  summer  workshops  begat  the 
move  to  bring  the  American  Dance  Festi- 
val to  Durham,  and  we  begot  ourselves  to 
New  York.  After  three  months,  we  had 
reached  the  threshold  of  avant-garde 
homelessness,  so  I  took  on  the  project  of 
marketing  the  dance  festival's  first  season 
at  Duke.  Although  that  led  to  several  good 
offers  in  arts  promotion,  we  had  already 
decided  to  move  the  Synergic  Theater  to 
San  Francisco. 

We  spent  four  years  in  the  Bay  area, 
divided  four  years  between  Durham,  New 
York,  and  Barcelona,  then  moved  back  to 
New  York  in  1986.  We  produced  dozens  of 


performances  and  workshops  partially 
funded  by  a  combination  of  grants,  resi- 
dencies (including  one  at  Duke),  a  short 
list  of  revenues,  and  a  lengthening  line  of 
credit.  Between  productions,  I  produced 
A-V  and  video  programs,  wrote  copy  for 
an  extremely  wide  range  of  clients,  edited  a 
biography,  managed  a  South  Indian  classi- 
cal music  and  dance  organization,  and 
even  split  a  job  with  Suzanne  as  an  interim 
personal  assistant  to  Henry  Kissinger. 
With  the  theater  company  alone,  I  was 
writing,  producing,  promoting,  directing, 
designing,  fund-raising,  managing,  and 
accounting,  while  writing  novels,  short 
stories,  essays,  and  plays  in  my  spare  time. 

Finally,  as  I  sat  there  trying  to  balance  a 
pile  of  credit  card  bills  against  the  eclectic 
list  of  talks  on  my  resume,  I  had  a  show- 
down with  my  nemesis.  "Look,"  I  began, 
pointing  to  the  arts  side  of  the  list,  "most 
people  work  to  earn  a  living;  artists  earn, 
or  beg,  a  living  in  order  to  work.  But 
careers  are  defined,  if  not  measured,  by 
money.  Contrary  to  popular  perception, 
art  is  not  about  oneself — but  survival  is." 
Then  I  pointed  to  the  other  side  of  the  list, 
the  things  I'd  done  to  make  the  money 
merely  to  continue  creating.  "See,  I've  had 
a  career  all  along.  I  think  it's  time  I  got 
something  out  of  it."  Namely,  a  salary. 

So  I  word-processed  my  life  into  a  pro- 
fession— taking  a  bit  of  experience  from 
here,  a  concept  from  there,  deleting  a  gap 
or  two,  and  voila! — there  I  was  with  a 
career  in  public  relations  and  marketing. 
That's  what  I'm  doing  full-time  now  at 
Wave  Hill,  an  exquisite  garden  estate  in 
the  Bronx  overlooking  the  Hudson,  with 
enough  programs  in  the  arts,  environment, 
and  education  to  keep  the  creative  neme- 
sis preoccupied  into  the  next  century. 

Meanwhile,  the  nemesis  has  been 
replaced  by  an  avocational  muse.  The 
Synergic  Theater  had  a  residency  to  create 
a  new  work  later  presented  at  a  SoHo  the- 
ater festival,  Suzanne  has  been  offered  a 
university  position  somewhere  in  Turkey,  I 
have  a  reading  gig  next  fall,  an  agent  has 
taken  on  my  new  novel,  and  I'm  gathering 
my  published  memoirs  into  a  book,  called 
How  to  Live  Like  an  Artist  Even  If  You're 
Not  One. 

— David  Manning 


Manning  '68  lives  in  New  York  City. 


34 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


NOT  JUST  BLACK 
AND  WHITE 

Editors: 

I  felt  I  had  to  respond  to  the  "Quad 
Quotes"  in  the  May-June  Duke  Magazine. 
Duke  junior  Briana  Epps  was  quoted  as 
saying  on  60  Minutes  that  she  "know[s] 
everything  there  is  to  know  about  the 
white  community."  There  is  a  certain  arro- 
gance about  this  statement  that  often 
comes  with  undergraduates,  but  there  is 
also  a  narrow  interpretation  of  American 
society  that  is  becoming  more  pronounced 
from  many  black  leaders  (and  like  Ms. 
Epps,  future  black  leaders). 

Because  of  the  course  of  history,  the 
African-American  community  is  more 
monolithic  than  the  European-American 
society.  African-Americans  lost  all  trace  of 
their  nationalities  under  the  conditions  of 
slavery  and  by  necessity  identify  them- 
selves as  a  single  group.  European-Ameri- 
cans for  the  most  part  have  held  their 
national  identities  and  differences  within 
the  overlay  of  the  amalgam  of  American 
society.  An  English-American  fisherman 
from  Maine  is  very  different  from  a  His- 
panic-American farmer  from  New  Mexico 
or  an  Italian-American  worker  from 
Chicago.  A  Jewish-American  from  New 
York  is  as  like  a  Cajun  from  Louisiana  as  a 
Lapp  reindeer  herder  is  to  a  cab  driver  in 
Rome,  Italy. 

We  do  share  a  common  stratum  of  cul- 
ture that  is  primarily  British  (English  and 
Celtic)  with  a  strong  German  and  French 
element.  This,  along  with  the  English  lan- 
guage, gives  us  the  common  glue  to  be  a 
nation — E  Pluribus  Unum.  We  also  have 
the  multiple  currents  of  ethnic  cultures, 
including  African,  that  give  Americans  a 
uniqueness  and  strength  not  found  in 
many  other  societies. 

Too  many  African-American  leaders 
tend  to  view  all  of  society's  problems 
through  the  prism  of  race.  In  many  ways 
this  is  understandable,  but  the  multi- 
dimensional problems  of  American  society 
should  not  be  viewed  and  cannot  be 
solved  by  one-dimensional  thinking. 

Robert  H.  Roser  Jr.  '68 
Stafford,  Virginia 


Editors: 

I  was  pleased  to  learn 
("Confronting  Racism," 
"Gazette,"  May-June  1993) 
that  the  Rev.  Jesse  Jackson 
spoke  to  a  capacity  crowd 
in  Duke  Chapel  in  March 
1993. 

Here  is  a  footnote  to 
Duke  history:  In  1945,  I 
was  president  of  the  North 
Carolina  State  Conference 
of  Episcopal  Canterbury 
Clubs.  Our  Duke  adviser/ 
chaplain,  the  Rev.  Henry  Nutt  Parsley, 
agreed  with  me  that  we  should  host  the 
1945  meeting  in  Durham  and  conclude 
the  conference  by  inviting  all  the  visiting 
clubs  to  the  regular  Sunday  service  at 
Duke  Chapel. 

Our  conference  was  well  attended  and 
included  a  large  black  delegation.  On  Sun- 
day morning,  we  all  sat  together  in  mid- 
Chapel  to  conclude  our  conference  in  wor- 
shipful communion  in  God's  house.  I 
remember  the  sermon  as  being  very  appro- 
priate to  the  occasion. 

The  next  day,  however,  Dean  Alice 
Baldwin  called  me  on  the  carpet.  Evident- 
ly, a  trustee  attending  Sunday  service  at 
Duke  Chapel  was  horrified  at  the  sight  of 
our  integrated  seating  arrangement.  Naive- 
ly, I  had  not  thought  to  ask  permission  to 
invite  our  black  conference  guests  and/or 
to  sit  with  them  during  the  services.  Had  I 
asked,  she  told  me,  permission  would  have 
been  denied.  Consequently,  my  graduation 
was  in  jeopardy  as  a  penalty  for  my  breach 
of  "Duke  decorum." 

There  probably  are  no  records  of  this 
mini-brouhaha,  but  somehow,  someone 
placated  the  offended  party,  and  I  did 
graduate.  Times  are,  indeed,  a-changin'. 

Marie  Christodoulou  Fox  '45 
La  Luz,  New  Mexico 


MIKE  AND 

NIKE 

Editors: 

Regarding  the  Coach  Krzyzewski/Nike 
"deal,"  no  one  knows  the  exact  details,  but 
it  does  give  pause  to  all  of  us  who  love  and 
care  about  Duke  University.  From  what 


DUKE 


I  know  of  Coach  K, 
he  is,  apparently,  much 
more  than  a  successful 
major  college  basket- 
ball coach.  Perhaps, 
more  importantly,  he  is 
a  successful  teacher  and 
human  being. 

Having  said  that,  I 
certainly  do  not  intend 
to  rush  to  judgment  on 
this  matter.  However, 
since  the  "fitness"  of 
the  "deal"  will  very 
likely  come  under  close  scrutiny  in  today's 
college  sports  environment,  for  myself  and 
all  other  loyal  "Dukies" — young  and  old — 
I  feel  that  we  are  entitled  to  a  more  thor- 
ough explanation  of  it  than  we  are  likely 
to  get  from  sound  bites  or  wire  service 
reports.  So,  is  it  possible  for  you  to  include 
an  explanation  of  this  "deal"  in  a  forth- 
coming issue?  I  certainly  hope  so. 

Virtually  all  of  us  who  have  been  privi- 
leged to  trod  "the  Methodist  flats"  and 
have  been  seen  "around  the  quad"  know 
that  there  is  more,  very  much  more,  to 
Duke  University  than  winning  sports 
championships,  our  pride  in  them  notwith- 
standing. We  just  want  to  be  kept  informed 
so  that  we  can  make  appropriate  decisions 
about  our  part,  no  matter  how  small,  in 
Dear  Old  Duke's  quest  for  greatness. 

W.  Badger  "Robbi"  Robertson  '50 
Dallas,  Texas 

Jo/in  F.  Burness,  Duke's  senior  vice  president 
for  public  affairs,  responds: 

While  confidentiality  requirements  in 
that  agreement  preclude  our  discussion  of 
the  contract's  specifics,  I  would  like  to 
note  that  the  agreement  does  provide  a 
number  of  benefits  for  both  the  university 
and  many  of  our  student  athletes. 

First,  you  should  know  that  well  before 
Coach  Krzyzewski  signed  the  contract,  he 
committed  to  donate  $250,000  toward  a 
new  student  recreation  center  as  a  tribute 
to  Duke's  students.  This  generous  gift  is 
representative  of  the  extraordinary  com- 
mitment Krzyzewski  gives  to  student  life  at 
Duke  and  to  maintaining  his  and  Duke's 
national  reputation  as  an  exemplar  of 
integrity  at  a  time  when  the  term  "student 
athlete"  is,  at  many  institutions,  at  best  an 
oxymoron. 


September-October    199  3 


J5 


WOMEN'S 
OPTIONS 

& 
ACTIONS 

Keeping  Things  Compficated 
MARCH  18-19, 1994 

Featuring: 

Naomi  Wolf 
Sara  Evans  '66 
Michael  Kimmel 
Karla  Holloway 
Cynthia  Enloe 
Barbara  Ogur 

In  this  weekend  symposium  celebrating 
10  years  of  Women's  Studies  at  Duke,  we 
will  be  talking  together  about  the  complex 
interactions  between  the  material  realities 
of  women's  lives,  the  symbolic  representa- 
tions of  those  lives  in  popular  culture,  and 
the  social  policies  that  condition  women's 
options  and  actions. 

For  more  information,  contact: 

WOMEN'S 

SI     STUDIES m 

AT    DUKE    UNIVERSITY 

210  East  Duke  Building 

Box  90760 

Durham,  NC  27708 

919-684-5683 


Also,  under  the  agreement  with  Krzyzews- 
ki,  Nike  will  provide  sports  equipment  not 
only  for  the  men's  basketball  team,  but 
also  for  other  men's  and  women's  athletic 
teams.  It  thus  removes  the  financial  bur- 
den that  would  otherwise  have  to  be  car- 
ried by  the  university. 

In  the  wake  of  Duke's  tremendous  suc- 
cess on  the  basketball  court  in  recent 
years,  and  reflecting  the  uniquely  high 
regard  in  which  Coach  Krzyzewski  is  held 
in  college  athletics,  there  have-  been 
rumors  that  various  NBA  teams  were 
interested  in  recruiting  him  as  their  coach. 
With  higher  education  facing  great  financial 
pressure  simply  to  meet  its  many  pressing 
academic  needs,  no  college  or  university 
can  hope  to  provide  to  its  athletic  coaches 
compensation  that  would  begin  to  ap- 
proach that  available  in  the  ranks  of  pro- 
fessional sports.  The  existence  of  external 
endorsement  contracts  provides  the  finan- 
cial capability  for  Krzyzewski  and  other 
outstanding  teachers  of  young  people  who 
are  committed  to  the  student  athlete  to 
stay  in  the  college  game  in  the  face  of 
lucrative  professional  offers. 

Given  the  multimillion-dollar  endorse- 
ment contracts  professional  athletes  are 
signing  and  the  recent  escalation  in  those 
contracts  among  college  coaches,  there  is 
understandable  public  concern  over  the 
degree  to  which  endorsement  contracts  are 
influencing  sports.  To  ensure  that  the  uni- 
versity's interests  are  protected,  you  should 
know  that  [former]  President  Brodie  careful- 
ly reviewed  this  contract  and  approved  it. 


SHARP  AS  A 
RAZORBACK 

Editors: 

Has  "it"  been  pointed  out  to  you  yet? 

The  "it"  I'm  referring  to  is  the  second 
"Arkansas  error"  in  as  many  issues  of  the 
Duke  Magazine. 

It  was  Jonathan  Douglas'  excellent  arti- 
cle about  Susan  Gladin,  another  native 
Arkansan,  on  page  34  of  the  May-June 
issue  ["Transitions"],  in  which  you  cited 
the  birthplace  of  Bill  Clinton  as 
Blytheville,  Arkansas.  Right  across  the 
page,  in  the  "Forum"  section,  there  were 
two  letters  (one  of  them  mine)  citing  the 
earlier  error  about  the  "just  down  the 
road"  distance  between  Blytheville  (Dr. 
Keohane's  birthplace)  and  Hope,  where 
President  Clinton  hails  from! 

Having  lived  in  North  Carolina  for 
eight  years  (I'm  a  grad  of  UNC  and  Duke), 
I  am  dismayed  over  the  lack  of  geographic 
finesse,  or  is  it  just  faulty  proofreading, 
that  is  emanating  from  my  esteemed  alma 
mater.  It's  time  that  folks  over  there  get  to 


know  more  about  folks  over  here,  and  the 
land  we  each  live  in! 

William  A.  Cheyne  B.D.  '58 
Siloam  Springs,  Arkansas 

Editors: 

Regarding  page  34,  second  paragraph, 
May-June  issue:  This  revelation  will  come 
as  a  shock  to  the  president's  mother,  who 
was  in  fact  in  Hope  when  he  was  born. 

This  will  only  add  further  grist  for  the 
rumor  mill — including  the  rumor  that  it  is 
in  fact  Nannerl  Keohane  who  is  the  Presi- 
dent's long- lost  half-sibling,  born  to  W.J. 
Blythe  and  his  distant  cousin  Anne  Blythe 
(as  a  result  of  a  summer  liaison  when  they 
were  traveling  in  an  amateur  production  of 
"Blythe  Spirit"). 

But,  enough  of  this  blythering. . . . 

W.  Christopher  Barrier  LL.B.  '67 
Little  Rock,  Arkansas 


WOMEN  ABOVE 
AVERAGE 


Editors: 

I  enjoyed  the  "Student  Snapshot"  in  the 
May-June  issue  that  featured  Josiane  Wolff 
["Engineering  Women's  Successes  in  Sci- 
ence"]. Josiane  was  an  outstanding  student 
and  I  might  add  to  the  other  credits  you 
listed  that  she  was  one  of  several  engineer- 
ing Angier  B.  Duke  Scholars. 

While  Josiane  may  have  been  the  only 
woman  student  in  one  particular  lab,  that 
aspect  of  the  article  tends  to  mislead  the 
general  reader  concerning  women  in  engi- 
neering at  Duke.  Since  the  early  1970s, 
when  Professor  George  Pearsall  was  dean 
of  the  School  of  Engineering,  we  have 
made  a  concerted  effort  to  attract  women 
to  study  engineering.  The  percentage  of 
women  rose  from  a  few  points  in  1970  to 
more  than  20  percent  by  1977.  Currently, 
we  have  about  26  percent  women  under- 
graduates versus  a  national  average  of  17 
percent,  and  the  incoming  Class  of  1997 
will  have  3 1  percent  women. 

Marion  L.  Shepard 
Durham,  North  Carolina 

Shepard  is  professor  of  materials  science  and 
associate  dean  at  the  engineering  school. 


CORRECTION:  Daniel  Sedwick  '89  was 
incorrectly  identified  in  "Musical  Numismatist"  in 
the  July -August  issue. 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


DIRECT 


THREE  YEARS 


L 


aw  school  started  inno- 
cently enough.  The  pro- 
fessors had  posted  the  first 
day's  assignments:  Read 
and  brief  pages  1-31  in 
Contracts;  read  pages  1-15 
in    Property — the    fox 


was  unsure 


what  a  brief  was  (my  only  exposure  to 
briefs  was  Jim  Palmer  commercials); 
and  nothing  seemed  brief  about  thirty- 
one  pages  of  dense  reading — in  one 
class — for  one  day. 

Property  was  all  about  foxes:  Hunter 
A  traps  fox.  Hunter  B  finds  the 
trapped  fox  and  takes  it.  The  issue  is: 
Which  hunter  owns  the  fox,  Hunter  A 
or  Hunter  B.  The  holding?  Who  cares, 
and  what  do  foxes  have  to  do  with 
owning  a  co-op  on  the  Upper  West  Side 
in  Manhattan? 

I  casually  perused  the  readings  for 
Day  1 .  I  had  seen  The  Paper  Chase  and 
read  1L  by  Scott  Turow.  But  this  was 
Duke — a  laid-back  "Southern"  law 
school.  I  expected  nothing  like  1L.  I 
had  spent  four  years  as  an  undergradu- 
ate at  Duke  and  was  looking  forward  to 
spending  three  more  relaxing  years 
playing  in  the  Gothic  wonderland. 

That  night,  the  entire  first-year  class 
went  to  Satisfaction,  the  ultimate  hang- 
out spot  for  Duke  students,  to  drink  a 
few  beers  and  prepare  ourselves  for  the 
first  day  of  law  school.  Some  of  us  pre- 
pared more  than  others. 

That  first  day  in  a  class  called  "Torts"  (I 
never  quite  figured  out  what  a  tort  was), 
the  professor  called  on  Mr.  Smith.  During 
the  first  year  of  law  school,  no  one  has  a 
first  name.  It  is  always  Mr.  Smith  or  Ms. 
Allen.  It  is  not  until  sometime  in  the  mid- 
dle of  your  second  year  of  law  school  that 
you  finally  meet  "Bob"  and  "Rachel." 

Five  minutes  into  "Torts,"  the  professor 
chimed,  "Mr.  Smith.  Could  you  please 
give  us  the  call  of  the  case?" 

Even  Mr.  Smith  knew  that  "call  of  the 
case"  was  a  fancy  legal  term  that  asked 


LEGAL  EAGLET 


BY  DAVID  LENDER 


Seven  years  ago,  Lender 
documented  his  first 
dozen  days  as  a  Duke 
freshman.  Now  he's 

back  with  the  lowdown 
on  law  school. 


Mr.  Smith  to  summarize  the  facts,  issues, 
and  holding  of  the  case.  But  Mr.  Smith 
was  part  of  the  crowd  that  stayed  late  at 
Satisfaction  preparing  for  the  first  day  of 
law  school. 

"I  have  not  yet  had  time  to  read  the 
assignment,"  Mr.  Smith  responded. 

In  his  undergrad  phase,  Mr.  Smith's 
response  would  have  been  sufficient. 
But  this  was  law  school.  So  the  profes- 
sor turned  to  Mr.  Smith,  snuggled  up 
comfortably  against  the  front  desk, 
and  said,  "That's  okay — we'll  wait." 

And  as  the  pins  dropped,  and  the 
crickets  chirped,  and  the  sweat  came 
tumbling  down,  Mr.  Smith  sat  in  a 
classroom  with  a  hundred  of  his  class- 
mates and  read  his  first  torts  case. 
Socrates  had  found  his  first  victim  in 
the  Class  of  1993. 

Law  school  professors  teach  by  the 
Socratic  method.  A  professor  asks  an 
incomprehensible  question  with  no  cor- 
rect answer.  The  student  attempts  an 
answer.  The  professor  dissects  the  stu- 
dent's answer  with  a  follow-up  ques- 
tion.  The   student   again   attempts   a 
response.  This  exchange  continues  until 
the  professor  has  cornered  the  student 
and  won  the  battle  of  Socrates.  It  is 
v.  through  Socrates  that  students  learn 
|  to  think  like  lawyers.  Socrates  man- 
I  dates  that  lawyers  consider  every  layer 
J  of  a  problem — to  find  a  solution  when 
no  solution  seems  possible.  Socrates 
teaches  you   to  assert  yourself  and   hold 
onto  a  position  even  in  the  face  of  con- 
flicting evidence. 

I  took  this  training  to  heart  in  "Civil 
Procedure"  ("Civ  Pro"  in  law  school  lingo), 
a  tedious  course  in  which  you  learn  about 
such  things  as  federal  jurisdiction  and  ser- 
vice of  process.  My  "Civ  Pro"  professor  was 
a  true  character  who  brought  humor  to 
distinguishing  among  such  concepts  as 
impleader,  interpleader,  and  pleadings. 

One  day  I  was  beckoned  for  my  challenge 
with  Socrates.  The  professor  queried  about 
the  case  of  United  Mine  Workers  v.  Gibbs — 


Sep  ti 


-October    1993 


37 


something  about  a  "common 
nucleus  of  operative  fact." 
Federal  courts  are  empowered 
to  hear  federal  claims.  Only  a 
judge  could  write  such  a  lucid 
opinion  that  holds  that  a  fed- 
eral court  can  also  hear  a  state 
claim  if  it  is  derived  from  a 
"common  nucleus  of  operative 
fact"  with  the  federal  claim.  I 
was  unclear  about  the  ques- 
tion, let  alone  the  answer,  so 
1  responded  like  any  other 
quick-thinking,  Double-Dukie 
attorney-to-be.  I  schmoozed 
him.  I  said,  "Professor,  1  don't 
know  the  answer  to  that 
question,  but  that  reminds  me 
of  a  great  story,"  and  proceed- 
ed to  tell  a  ten-minute  joke 
about  a  rabbi  and  a  priest. 

The  class  enjoyed  the  dis- 
course, the  professor  interrupt- 
ed just  to  raise  a  few  lawyerly 
points  ("What  kind  of  rabbi?" 
"What  kind  of  priest?"),  and  I 
earned  my  lowest  course  grade 
in  law  school. 

Grades  are  supposed  to  be 
confidential  at  Duke  Law.  Only 
your  Social  Security  number 
is  placed  on  your  exam  paper. 
I  wondered  about  that  confi- 
dentiality when  a  professor  told  a  friend  of 
mine  that  he  was  so  surprised  how  well  the 
student  had  done  that  he  read  the  exam 
twice.  Professors  assign  a  grade  somewhere 
between  1.0  and  4-5 — and  a  number  of 
them  reportedly  have  lobbied  for  grading 
to  the  hundredths.  Some  professors  are 
rumored  to  read  only  the  first  page  of  the 
student's  essay,  others  the  response  to  the 
first  question.  Still  others  are  rumored  to 
use  the  weight  method — the  more  pages, 
the  more  knowledge.  There  are  even  suspi- 
cions about  the  stairs  method — the  farther 
the  flight  taken  by  the  bluebook,  the  higher 
the  grade. 

Duke's  law  professors  are  truly  a  motley 
group.  Some  wear  leather  suits;  some 
always  wear  the  same  suit;  some  never 
wear  a  suit.  Some  were  tougher  than  others, 
but  most  were  relentless  in  preparing  you 
for  working  long  hours  at  a  large  law  firm. 

On  the  first  day  of  class,  a  student  asked 
whether  we  could  move  to  another  room. 
The  professor  asked  the  student  why  he 
wanted  to  move  the  class  to  another  room 
equal  in  size.  The  student  stated  that  he 
wanted  to  move  to  the  other  room  because 
the  other  room  had  windows.  The  profes- 
sor, somewhat  insulted,  bellowed,  "Why 
the  hell  would  you  need  windows  in  my 
class?"  The  student,  a  bit  taken  aback  from 
the  professor's  brazen  response,  answered, 
"To  jump  out  of,  sir." 


Mmt 


Law  school  professors 
teach  by  the  Socratic 

method.  One  day  I  was 
beckoned  for  my 

challenge  with  Socrates. 


First  year  is,  in  part,  dedicated  to  teach- 
ing students  how  to  write  like  lawyers. 
During  my  first-year  writing  course,  I  final- 
ly began  to  understand  why  the  public  per- 
ceives lawyers  merely  as  "hired  guns."  The 
inaugural  assignment  was  to  read  a  series 
of  arson  cases  and  prepare  a  legal  memo- 
randum in  support  of  the  plaintiffs  posi- 
tion. One  week  later,  the  professor  as- 
signed us  the  task  of  using  the  same  cases 
to  prepare  a  memorandum  in  support  of 
the  defendant's  position. 

With  the  economy  floundering,  first- 
year  grades  have  acquired  even  more  sig- 
nificance. Membership  on  one  of  Duke's 
four  student-edited  journals  is  determined 
primarily  from  first-year  grades.  Grades 
and  journal  membership  help  determine 
where  you  work  for  your  second-year  sum- 


mer, which  ultimately 
determines  where  you  work 
when  you  graduate.  In 
many  respects,  the  first 
year  of  law  school  is  the 
most  important — and  the 
most  trying.  So  law  school 
is  really  a  one-year  process 
that  takes  three  years  to 
complete. 

Owing  to  the  pressures 
of  the  first  year  of  law 
school,  certain  social  reper- 
cussions are  inevitable. 
Dozens  of  couples,  many 
engaged,  are  no  longer  two- 
somes;   men    and    women 
who  dated  throughout  col- 
lege  suddenly  find   them- 
selves incompatible  in  law 
school.    But   by   the   third 
year,  law  students  enter  the 
marriage    phase.    Squeezed 
into  a  small  environment 
rather   than   wandering    a 
sprawling    campus,    dozens 
of    law    school    couples — 
who  would  never  have  been 
t  compatible  during  college — 
1  suddenly    find    themselves 
S  engaged.  I  asked  a  class- 
|  mate  why  he  had  gotten 
engaged;  he  told  me  that 
he  was  worried  that  once  he  started  work- 
ing, he  wouldn't  have  time  to  find  some- 
one else. 

Quite  aside  from  emotional  stresses,  I 
could  testify  to  a  spate  of  sports-related 
stresses.  College  athletes  who  had  been 
inside  the  library  for  months  return  to  the 
basketball  courts.  And  they  mark  their 
return  from  a  sedentary  lifestyle  by  break- 
ing an  ankle  or  pulling  some  ligaments. 

During  my  second  year,  my  partner  (also 
a  Double  Dukie)  and  I  competed  in  a  moot 
court  competition  at  Brooklyn  Law  School. 
We  had  not  had  time  to  practice  and 
therefore  agreed  to  improvise  our  argu- 
ments. In  the  second  round  we  faced  two 
women  from  NYU,  the  defending  champi- 
ons. As  Dukies  often  do,  we  attempted  to 
schmooze  with  our  opponents  before  the 
argument.  They  ignored  us  and  their 
coach  advised  us  to  kindly  refrain  from  dis- 
tracting the  "champs." 

The  NYU  women  were  made  up  in 
pasty  white  and  wore  tight  hair  buns  and 
black  business  suits.  (I  wore  my  lucky  blue 
suit  with  a  vibrantly  patterned  tie.) 
Appearing  slightly  uncomfortable  in  the 
bright  lights  of  the  courtroom,  they  deliv- 
ered their  arguments  in  a  rigid  monotone. 
After  my  partner  and  I  argued  for  our  side, 
the  pastier  of  the  two  NYU  women  arose 
to  give  her  rebuttal.  Proper  moot  court  eti- 
quette requires  a  team  to  give  a  rebuttal 


38 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


SUPREME  WORK 


As  some  members  of 
the  law  school's 
Class  of  '93  were 
beginning  their  first  jobs, 
two  1 992  law  graduates 
found  themselves  in  partic- 
ularly  auspicious  circum- 
stances: Landis  Cox  and 
Ann  Hubbard  were  hired  as 
clerks  for  United  States 
Supreme  Court  justices  for 
the  1993-94  term. 

Cox  is  clerking  for  Chief 
Justice  William  Rehnquist; 
Hubbard  is  working  for 
Justice  Harry  Blackmun. 
Both  have  spent  the  past 
year  clerking  for  lower 
court  judges — Hubbard  for 
Patricia  Wald  of  the  U.S. 
Court  of  Appeals  for  the 
D.C.  Circuit,  and  Cox  for 
U.S.  District  Judge  Carlton 
Tilley  Jr.  of  Greensboro, 


North  Carolina. 

After  her  trial-court 
experience  in  the  fast- 
paced  district  court,  "The 
Supreme  Court  will  be 
more  akin  to  the  academic 
experience  of  law  school," 
says  Cox.  "It'll  be  more 
intellectual,  with  more  time 
and  opportunity  to  study 
briefs  and  legal  histories." 

A  clerk's  responsibilities 
and  influence  vary  with  the 
justice,  but  Hubbard  says 
she  expects  to  do  a  lot  of 
writing  on  major  legal 
issues.  "One  of  the  most 
rewarding  aspects  of  work- 
ing with  Judge  Wald  now  is 
she  listens  to  me  and 
teaches  me  not  to  back 
down  on  opinions  when 
she  disagrees  with  me," 
Hubbard  says,  adding  that 


she  expects  to  continue 
that  kind  of  relationship 
with  Blackmun.  "The  deci- 
sion has  to  be  made  by  the 
justice,  but  they're  paying  me 
to  give  the  best  advice  I  can, 
and  I  intend  to  do  that." 


"Duke's  contribution 
really  was  in  encouraging 
me  and  supporting  me," 
Hubbard  says.  "I  would  not 
have  applied  [for  the  clerk- 
ship] had  several  professors 
not  encouraged  me.  It  is 


remarkable  seeing  that  sup- 
port when  you  compare 
women's  experience  at 
other  law  schools,  where 
they  don't  get  the  backing 
you  do  here." 


Serving  justice:  Hubbard,  left,  for  Blackmun;  and  Cox  for  Rchnqui: 


regardless  of  the  team's  confidence  in  its 
own  success.  But  the  woman  approached 
the  podium  and  in  her  snootiest  voice, 
proclaimed,  "We've  decided  to  waive 
rebuttal." 

During  the  judges'  deliberations,  the 
NYU  duo  offered  the  patronizing  com- 
ment, "You  guys  really  weren't  too  bad  at 


all."  The  judges  reached  their  decision 
after  ten  minutes.  We  not  only  defeated 
the  NYU  team,  but  knocked  them  out  of 
the  competition. 

In  the  semi-finals,  we  defeated  the  team 
from  Tennessee  that  had  endured  forty- 
five  practice  rounds  before  the  competi- 
tion.  They   were   dumbfounded   to   learn 


that  they  had  surpassed  the  number  of  our 
practice  rounds  by  forty-five.  We  defeated 
Florida  in  the  finals  to  win  first  place  in 
the  competition. 

The  second  year  of  law  school  is  the 
interview  year.  Over  a  three-month  period, 
I  felt  like  an  exchange  student  at  NYU, 
spending  as   much   time   interviewing   in 


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PERFORMANCE 
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New  York  City  as  I  did  in 
Durham.  Duke  took  on  the 
character  of  a  Yuppie  train- 
ing ground  as  classmates 
sweated  in  their  ties  and 
business  suits  awaiting  inter- 
views. Many  of  my  class- 
mates were  undecided  as  to 
where  they  wanted  to  work. 
I  could  never  figure  out  how 
a  person  could  interview 
with  an  Idaho  firm  in  the 
morning,  a  Chicago  firm  in 
the  afternoon,  and  an  L.A. 
firm  at  the  end  of  the  day. 
Firms  usually  asked  about 
your  interest  in  their  city. 
One  friend  evidently  had  a 
fiancee  in  every  city.  I  could  just  imagine 
what  his  interview  strategy  was  like:  "I 
really  want  to  work  for  a  (fill  in  the  size: 
big,  small,  medium)  sized  firm.  I'm  inter- 
ested in  working  in  (fill  in  the  city) 
because  my  fiancee  lives  there." 

At  one  time  law  school  was  only  two 
years  long.  Except  for  doing  clinical  work, 
the  third  year  is  the  easiest  year.  I  was  for- 
tunate enough  to  work  in  a  clinic  where  I 
helped  represent  abused  children  in  termi- 
nation-of-parental-rights  cases.  But  in  many 
respects,  third  year  was  very  much  like  senior 
year  in  high  school:  It  was  the  vanishing- 


Lender:  his  day  in  court  was  moot 
student  phenomenon.  Some  of  my  friends 
made  their  first  appearance  in  class  the  day 
of  the  final  exams. 

During  my  third  year,  I  finally  had  the 
opportunity  to  grow  a  beard  and  to  wear 
my  hair  long.  (Such  rebellious  behavior  is 
not  highly  regarded  in  large  Wall  Street 
law  firms.)  I  auditioned  for  a  role  in  Anton 
Chekhov's  Three  Sisters,  a  Duke  drama  pro- 
duction. I  was  cast  as  the  doctor,  Chebu- 
tykin,  a  sixty-year-old  drunk  (a  doubtful 
typecast?).  The  theater  was  the  perfect 
hiatus  from  law  school.  We  rehearsed  thirty 
hours  a  week  for  two-and-a-half  months  and 


put  on  eight  performances. 
That  third  year  of  law 
school  brought  my  greatest 
achievement  as  a  Double 
Dukie.  During  halftime  of 
the  Duke-Georgia  Tech 
basketball  game,  I  was  cho- 
sen to  shoot  a  three-point 
shot  from  the  top  of  the  key 
to  win  two  tickets  to  Paris 
(as  in  France,  not  Texas). 
Neither  of  my  shots  hit  the 
rim.  The  first  was  an  embar- 
rassing "airball."  Six  thousand 
I  Cameron  Crazies  stared  at 
\  me  chanting,  "Airball!  Air- 
"  ball!"  If  this  wasn't  bad 
enough,  the  game  was  a  first 
date  with  my  girlfriend,  so  embarrassment 
was  weighing  heavily  on  me.  I  took  my 
second  shot.  And  amazingly  to  me — and 
probably  more  so  to  the  fans — it  swooshed 
into  the  basket.  I  found  myself  making 
plans  for  Paris. 

Law  school  changes  your  approach  to 
life.  One  friend  said  it  made  him  more 
argumentative — a  miserable  bastard  to  live 
with.  Others  resisted  the  change  and  have 
left  law  school  relatively  unaffected.  Most 
have  found  themselves  taken  with  com- 
pound sentences:  It's  never,  "I'll  have  a 
glass  of  white  wine,"  but  rather,  "I  will  not 


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DUKE   MAGAZINE 


order  a  glass  of  red  wine  for  the  following 
three  reasons."  For  myself,  I  will  never 
look  at  a  menu  or  newspaper  the  same  way 
again.  I  can  no  longer  read  The  New  York 
Times  without  noticing  spelling  or  gram- 
matical errors.  Similarly,  I  scrutinize  TV 
shows  and  movies  for  the  accuracy  of  their 
depictions  of  the  law. 

This  summer,  I  went  with  a  few  lawyer 
friends  to  see  Tom  Cruise  in  The  Firm.  In 
the  movie,  a  Nashville  firm  offered  Cruise 
a  handsome  salary,  satisfied  his  college 
loans,  and  leased  him  a  new  Mercedes  in 
the  color  of  his  choice.  Tom's  offer  was 
very  similar  to  the  one  that  I  received  from 
my  law  firm,  except  that  my  Mercedes 
only  came  in  red.  Tom's  firm  represented 
and  abetted  the  Chicago  Mafia,  and  Tom 
claimed  that  the  attorney-client  privilege 
precluded  him  from  revealing  this  infor- 
mation to  the  federal  government.  My 
friends  and  I  exited  the  movie  wondering 
how  the  screenwriters  forgot  the  crime- 
fraud  exception  to  the  privilege.  When  the 
Mafia  employs  an  attorney  in  furtherance 
of  a  crime,  the  Mafia  is  not  protected  by 
the  attorney-client  privilege. 

Every  non-lawyer  friend  and  relative  asks 
for  legal  advice.  After  three  years  of  learn- 
ing about  "International  Law,"  "Con  Law" 
(somewhat  unfortunate  law  school  lingo 
for  "Constitutional  Law"),  and  "Trusts  and 


"Professor,  I  don't 

know  the  answer  to 

that  question,"  I  said, 

"but  that  reminds  me  of 

a  great  story." 


Estates,"  I  am  still  as  unprepared  to  advise 
on  DWIs,  drafting  wills,  and  avoiding  jury 
duty.  Makes  you  wonder  what  the  hell  I 
did  for  three  years  down  at  Duke. 

It  has  become  impossible  to  avoid  talking 
about  the  law;  I  find  that  conversation  in- 
evitably turns  to  legal  topics.  This  is  prob- 
ably why  so  many  lawyers  marry  lawyers, 
and  why  going  to  dinner  with  other  lawyers 
takes  so  long.  And  it's  easy  to  spot  evi- 
dence that  only  lawyers  like  lawyers:  Ad- 
vertising myself  as  a  lawyer,  I  found  it 
nearly  impossible  to  rent  an  apartment  in 
New  York  City.  Many  landlords  fear  that 
lawyers  might  find  a  loophole  to  break  the 
lease  before  it  expires. 

Everyone  has  a  lawyer  joke  that  he  or 
she  cannot  wait  to  share  with  you.  You 


can  not  buy  a  suit  without  hearing  about 
the  lawyer  who  went  to  lawyer  heaven.  At 
mealtime,  Saint  Peter  always  brought  the 
lawyer  a  tuna  fish  sandwich.  The  lawyer 
looked  down  at  hell  and  saw  everyone  eat- 
ing filet  mignon  and  lobster.  The  lawyer 
asked  Saint  Peter  why  he  was  only  getting 
sandwiches  in  lawyer  heaven  when  every- 
one in  hell  was  eating  lobster.  Saint  Peter 
replied,  "Does  it  really  pay  just  to  cook  for 
the  two  of  us?" 

Law  school  has  an  aura  about  it,  a  mys- 
tique that  makes  some  people  curious. 
Many  of  my  law  school  friends  would 
argue  otherwise.  Some  would  say  law 
school  is  just  a  means  to  an  end — getting  a 
decent  job.  Others  would  attempt  to  sway 
you  away  from  the  profession  altogether, 
citing  long  hours  and  arduous  work. 

I  think  law  school  has  affected  my  life  in 
a  positive  manner.  I  think  about  problems 
more  analytically.  I  have  learned  how  to 
speak  and  write  more  clearly,  and  have 
learned  some  pretty  cool  Latin  words  in 
the  process.  ■ 


Lender  '90,  J.D.  '93  is  currently  an  associate  with 
a  New  York  law  firm,  Weil,  Gotshall  &  Manges, 
and  is  confidently  awaiting  the  results  of  his  bar 
exam. 


A  Season 


The  inside  story  of  the  Duke 
Blue  Devils  and  their 
championship 
seasons 


Season 
iIfetime 

Bill  Brill  and 
Mike  Krzyzewski 


<,?* 


Is  A  Lifetime 

To  Duke  basketball  coach  Mike  Krzyzewski,  every  season  is  a 
whole  new  lifetime.  With  a  lifespan  of  just  eight  months,  a  season 
is  filled  with  challenges  and  victories  as  the  team  moves  toward 
the  ultimate  test ...  the  NCAA  Tournament.  And  with  A  Season  Is 
A  Lifetime,  cowritten  by  Bill  Brill  and  Mike  Krzyzewski,  you  can 
follow  the  Duke  basketball  teams'  emotional  journey  to  the  1991 
and  1992  NCAA  Championships.  You  can  subscribe  today  by 
mail  or  by  a  toll-free  telephone  call  to: 

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September-October    J  993 


CRAFTING 
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COMMITTEE 


Tomorrow,  if  all  goes 
well,  I  am  supposed  to 
have  a  forty-five  minute 
telephone  interview  with 
Neil  Simon.  Forty-five 
minutes — a  modern-day 
analyst's  hour.  How  ap- 
propriate since  I  feel  I 
have  so  much  to  ask  him  about  life. 

When  Duke  drama  director  Richard 
Riddell  called  me  with  this  opportunity,  I 
could  not  help  being  struck  by  the  irony 
(struck? — if  irony  were  a  steamroller,  I 
would  be  a  pancake  right  now).  Growing 
up  in  Pittsburgh,  I  had  my  main  exposure 
to  theater  watching  my  mother  in  dinner 
theater  productions  of  Prisoner  of  Second 
Avenue,  The  Gingerbread  Lady,  and  Plaza 
Suite.  When  I  was  sixteen,  my  mother  ran 
away  from  home  to  pursue  her  dream  of 
starring  in  a  Neil  Simon  play  on  Broad- 
way. (Though  she  only  got  as  close  as  a 
final  callback  for  a  road  production  of  one 
of  Neil's  plays,  she  did  end  up  on  Broad- 
way in  a  show  that  closed  opening  night.) 
And  more  recently,  just  several  months 
ago,  I  took  a  job  writing  for  a  TV  show  at 
NBC,  which  is  the  milieu  of  Simon's  new 
play,  Laughter  on  the  23rd  Floor. 

Just  how  this  whole  interview  came 
about  is  almost  something  from  a  Neil 
Simon  play  itself  (though  with  his  profi- 
ciency for  writing  about  modern  life,  most 
everything  is).  One  day  last  month,  a  mes- 
sage was  left  on  my  answering  machine 
asking  if  I  would  like  to  do  a  favor  for  Neil 
Simon's  wife.  Simon  was  having  his  sixty- 
fifth  birthday  and  the  celebrants  needed 
some  way  to  stall  him  before  the  surprise 
dinner  party  they  were  throwing.  They 
were  going  to  arrange  a  fake  interview,  and 
then  they  thought,  why  not  have  someone 
really  interview  him? 

So  my  task  was  to  divert  one  of  Ameri- 
ca's greatest  living  playwrights — as  the 
secret  celebration  loomed — with  questions 
about  why  he  liked  to  stage  his  plays  at 
Duke.  Exciting  but  scary.  And  so  I  was 
secretly  relieved  when  that  arrangement 


THE  LEGENDS  OF 
LAUGHTER 

BY  CARL  KURLANDER 


"Somehow  in  this  room 

we  produce  a  TV  show 
every  week.  Many  shows 

work  this  way.  But  they 
all  exist  in  the  shadow  of 

that  most  famous  room 

of  all,  the  one  that 

contained  Larry  Gelbart, 

Carl  Reiner,  Mel  Brooks, 

Michael  Stewart,  and  of 

course,  Neil  Simon." 


fell  through.  Graciously,  Simon  consented 
to  speak  to  me  at  a  later  date. 

I  had  heard  from  good  sources  that 
Simon's  new  play — which  premieres  at 
Duke  in  October — was  about  his  years 
writing  in  The  Room  of  Sid  Caesar's  Your 
Show  of  Shows  and  The  Caesar  Hour  during 
the  late  1950s.  If  you  don't  know  what  "a 
room"  is,  neither  did  I  until  about  three 
months  ago.  Now  every  morning,  I  drive 
into  a  lot  at  NBC  here  in  Burbank  and  go 
to  an  office  where  there  is  a  conference 
room  with  a  large  table.  Five  other  writers 
and  I  sit  around  the  table  "pitching"  story 
ideas  and  jokes  for  our  show  while  a  writer's 
assistant  types  up  the  best  of  these  under 
the  guidance  of  the  head  writer.  This  hap- 
pens from  nine   to   twelve  hours   a  day, 


although  much  of  this  time  is  spent  con- 
suming bagels  or  discussing  government 
policy  in  Bosnia-Herzegovina. 

Somehow  in  this  room  we  produce  a 
show  every  week  that  is  taped  in  front  of  a 
live  studio  audience.  Many  TV  shows 
work  this  way.  The  quality  of  what  they 
produce  varies  widely.  But  they  all  exist  in 
the  shadow  of  that  most  famous  room  of 
all,  the  one  that  contained  Larry  Gelbart 
(M*A*S*H),  Carl  Reiner  (The  Dick  Van 
Dyke  Show),  Mel  Brooks  {Blazing  Saddles), 
Michael  Stewart  (Hello,  Dolly),  and  of 
course,  Neil  Simon. 

In  my  few  years  in  Hollywood,  I  have 
heard  many  stories  about  The  Room. 
Some  say  Carl  Reiner  based  The  Alan 
Brady  Show  and  the  banter  of  Rob,  Buddy, 
and  Sally  in  The  Dick  Van  Dyke  Show  on 
the  room  of  Your  Show  of  Shows.  But  in  a 
world  fixated  on  the  lowbrow  likes  of 
Entertainment  Tonight,  it  is  hard  to  imagine 
great  minds  behaving  together  so  genially 
as  they  did  on  Rob  Petrie's  couch.  The 
Joseph  Bologna  character  in  M31  Favorite 
Year  bears  obvious  resemblance  to  Sid 
Caesar,  and  the  shy  writer  who  whispers 
jokes  to  his  fellow  writer  in  that  movie  has 
been  rumored  to  be  Neil  "Doc"  Simon 
himself.  And  it's  been  rumored  that  one  of 
the  typists  in  The  Room  was  Woody  Allen. 

I  have  so  many  questions  for  Neil  Simon. 
What  made  the  writers  in  that  room  so  bril- 
liant? Was  it  something  in  the  water  they 
drank,  or  perhaps  the  bagels  they  ate? 

In  order  to  conduct  this  telephone 
interview  with  Simon,  I  have  to  go  to  the 
head  writer  of  our  show  and  ask  if  I  can  be 
excused  from  our  own  comedy-writing 
room  for  a  few  minutes.  There  is  a  degree 
of  guilt  I  feel  over  this.  In  the  room,  our 
six  minds  are  interconnected,  functioning 
as  one.  A  problem  appears  in  the  story,  or 
a  chance  for  a  joke,  and  all  of  us  go  racing 
for  an  answer.  Sitting  at  home,  I  might 
have  fallen  into  despair,  but  here  there  is 
no  problem  we  cannot  solve. 

To  me,  the  Writer's  Room  has  become 
like  the  dysfunctional  family  I  wish  I  had, 


42 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


a  place  where  security  and  anxiety  coexist 
on  almost  civil  terms.  Though  I  have  sacri- 
ficed the  God-like  creative  control  one 
experiences  working  alone  in  a  room,  there 
is  joy  in  sharing  the  lonely  writing  process 
with  other  people.  And  though  the  show  I 
am  working  on  is  nowhere  near  the  level 
of  writing  of  The  Caesar  Hour,  I  still  won- 
der if  Simon  somehow  felt  the  same  way 
about  his  experiences  in  The  Room. 

I  practice  saying  my  name  five  times 
aloud  before  I  dial  the  number  Simon's 
assistant  has  given  me.  It  is  busy.  I  can 
hear  the  other  writers  from  my  Writer's 
Room   laughing  at   a  joke   someone  has 


seemed  more  excited  about  the  scene 
where  my  mother  had  to  appear  in  a  slip. 
"Too  bad  she  wasn't  naked,"  my  best 
friend's  brother  suggested  crudely  after  the 
performance.  1  was  mortified  at  the  time, 
but  through  pain,  an  artist  is  born.  Besides, 
I  happen  to  know  that  the  guy  who  said 
that  is  now  selling  used  cars,  while  I  am 
about  to  talk  to  Neil  Simon. 

The  phone  picks  up.  "Hello."  Oh  my 
God,  it's  Neil  Simon.  He  apologizes  for  the 
phone  being  busy  and  blames  any  time  I've 
lost  on  Manny  Azenberg.  I  tell  him  I  think 
Duke  will  understand.  (Manny  produces  all 
of  Neil's  plays  there  and  on  Broadway.)  As 


Rentier  unto  Caesar:  Art  Carney,  left,  and  Audrey  Meadmvs  schmooze  with  Sid  Caesar  and  his  i 
Allen,  standing,  and  Mel  Brooks,  lying 


come  up  with,  and  I  wince  slightly  with 
the  realization  that  they  can  create  with- 
out me.  The  phone  is  still  busy.  I  cannot 
believe  I  am  calling  Neil  Simon. 

My  mind  flashes  back  briefly  to  Pitts- 
burgh. The  time  my  mother  suggested 
that,  for  my  birthday,  I  might  like  to  invite 
my  friends  to  see  her  in  Last  of  the  Red  Hot 
Lovers.  It  was  not  that  these  guys  did  not 
appreciate   Simon's   sharp   wit,    but    they 


his  assistant  suggested,  I  tell  Simon  a  little 
about  myself — that  I  was  pre-med,  pre-law, 
pre-everything  at  Duke,  but  ended  up  writing 
a  short  story  about  this  girl  I  was  too  shy  to 
talk  to  in  English  class  which  got  me  a  schol- 
arship to  Universal  Studios  and  inspired  the 
movie  I  co-wrote,  St.  Elmo's  Fire.  The  absur- 
dity of  this  conversation  gets  to  me.  I  am 
telling  Neil  Simon  my  credits?  He  listens 
politely  and  I  ask  him  how  he  got  started. 


Simon  tells  me  about  his  days  writing 
for  revues  in  a  resort  in  the  Poconos.  He 
and  his  older  brother  Danny  were  turning 
out  a  host  of  different  sketches  each  week. 
The  one  female  writer  on  Your  Show  of 
Shows  was  having  her  baby,  and  the  show's 
inventor,  Max  Liebman,  who  had  heard 
about  the  Simon  boys,  went  up  and  saw 
their  show  on  a  particularly  good  week.  Of 
course,  anyone  who  has  seen  Broadway 
Bound  (a  play  about  the  Simon  brothers' 
early  days  that  made  its  world  premiere  at 
Duke  several  years  ago)  has  some  inkling 
of  their  roots.  The  man  I  am  talking  to  is 
not  the  naive,  innocent  "Eugene"  in  those 
plays.  There  is  a  focus,  a  con- 
fidence, a  succinctness  in 
Neil  Simon's  voice.  Simon 
does  not  go  for  the  quick- 
witted jibes.  His  energy  is 
reserved  for  what  goes  on  the 
page  (and  perhaps  for  closer 
friends  than  an  interviewer). 
Although  in  Laughter  on 
the  lird  Floor  his  alter  ego  is 
no  longer  "Eugene"  but  a 
junior  writer  named  "Lucas," 
the  real  Neil  Simon  was  an 
experienced  comedy  writer 
by  the  time  he  worked  on 
Your  Show  of  Shows  and  later 
The  Caesar  Hour.  With  many 
of  the  other  writers  shouting 
all  the  time,  Carl  Reiner 
would  sometimes  have  to 
direct  their  attention  to  what 
Simon  was  saying  by  calling 
out,  "Neil's  got  it."  Mel 
Brooks  would  arrive  an  hour 
late,  with  hypochondriacal 
ailments,  but  he  was  so 
funny,  he  got  away  with  any- 
thing, Simon  says.  (And,  he 
adds,  Larry  Gelbart  was  the 
quickest  wit  he  had  ever 
met.)  These  and  the  eight  or 
so  other  writers  in  The 
Room  would  shout  out  ideas 
and  lines  and  Sid  Caesar 
would  field  the  stuff  he  liked 
and  feed  it  to  his  typist, 
Michael  Stewart.  Great  writ- 
ers like  Moss  Hart  and  Paddy 
Chayefsky  used  to  visit  just  to  watch  these 
people  work. 

I  mean  to  get  into  the  other  details,  to 
get  a  stronger  sense  of  what  it  was  like  to 
work  in  that  room.  Mel  Brooks  had  started 
by  hanging  around  getting  coffee,  with  Sid 
Caesar  giving  him  twenties  out  of  his 
pocket,  and  ended  up  a  writer  on  the  show 
making  $3,000  a  week.  Although  he 
admired  Sid  Caesar,  young  Neil  had  trou- 
ble talking  to  him  alone  in  The  Room. 

I  mean  to  find  out  more — whether  those 
guys,    like    my   cohorts,    threw   a    football 


September-October    1993 


around  the  room  while  trying  to  come  up 
with  something  for  their  second  act. 
Whether  they  were  as  obsessed  with  food  as 
we  are.  (Thanks  to  the  cookies  and  catered 
lunches  readily  available,  I  have  gained  ten 
pounds  since  I  started  in  The  Room.  Simon 
confides  to  me  that  he  gained  weight  writ- 
ing on  Sergeant  Bilko,  succumbing  to  the 
temptation  of  Lindy's  cheesecake.)  I  want 
to  know  what  it  was  like  to  work  with  such 
creative  companions  on  a  daily  basis.  What 
time  they  came  in  and  left,  who  was  the 
funniest,  the  most  insane,  how  big  was  their 
conference  room  table,  what  their  fights 
were  about.... 

But  some  other  voice  inside  me  keeps 
asking  different  questions.  Is  The  Room 
where  Simon  learned  his  discipline  as  a 
writer?  He  was  always  disciplined,  he  tells 
me.  Is  that  where  he  learned  to  rewrite  all 
his  work  as  often  as  he  does?  He  is  not  sure 
exactly  what  lessons  he  learned  in  The 
Room,  he  replies  generally,  but  it  was  a 
great  education  as  a  writer,  like  going  to 
writing  college.  So  was  there  some  sort  of 
magic  there  that  made  all  these  folks  comic 
geniuses?  And  the  answer  comes  back  in 
the  calm  reply.  They  were  all  very  smart, 
very  talented,  very  self-educated  people 
who  came  together  and  worked  very  hard. 

Having    written    screenplays    and    TV 


J  967:  after  leaving  TV  and  The  Room,  he  conquers  Broadway 


pilots  alone  in  my  house  in  L.A.  for  the  rest  of  those  writers  had  on  Sid  Caesar's 

past  decade  since  I  graduated  from  Duke,  I  shows  in  the  New  York  of  the  1950s.  I  ask 

regret  I  did  not  have  the  training,   the  Simon  if  he  would  have  enjoyed  such  suc- 

incredible  education  Neil  Simon  and  the  cess  if  he  had  not  been  in  that  room.  He 


The  Continental 
available  in  Blue,  Black 
and  Burgundy. 


Introducing  the 
Perfect  Xmas  Gift 

The  Duke  Classic 


"A  Quality  Education 
Deserves  a  Superior  Writing 
Instrument"  .  .  .  Classic 
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Individually  crafted  from 
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impressive  business  gift. 


Style    Color    Qty.     Logo 


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•d  by  Dec.  1,  1993. 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


does  not  seem  inclined  to  speculate.  But 
he  does  say  that  despite  the  spectacular 
solo  career  he  has  enjoyed  since,  working 
in  The  Room  with  those  guys  on  Your 
Show  of  Shows  was  the  best  time  in  his  life. 

My  forty-five  minutes  are  up.  But  as  I 
hang  up,  I  am  hit  by  a  horrible  realization. 
Intrigued  as  I  was  about  Simon's  writing 
routine  and  early  career,  I  neglected  to  col- 
lect any  side-splitting  anecdotes  involving 
all  those  brilliant  characters  in  The  Room. 
And  then  I  realize  that  perhaps  it  is  just  as 
well.  Why  even  try  to  outdo  the  history 
employed  by  Neil  Simon  in  Laughter  on  the 
23rd  Floor7.  He  has  already  completed  four 
drafts  of  the  play,  and  once  in  Durham, 
will  most  certainly  be  up  at  six  in  the 
morning  rewriting  new  pages  for  his  actors' 
ten  o'clock  rehearsal.  Brilliance  does  not 
come  easily — even  if  you  are  a  Pulitzer 
Prize-winning  playwright  who  has  written 
some  of  this  century's  most  acclaimed 
plays,  movies,  and  TV  shows.  Even  if  you 
are  Neil  Simon. 

As  I  go  back  to  my  own  writing  room, 
my  co-workers  are  in  the  midst  of  rewriting 
this  week's  script.  The  conference  table  we 
work  at  is  strewn  with  half-empty  contain- 
ers of  Chinese  food  and  various  Nerf  toys. 
They  ask  me  how  it  went  with  Simon.  I 
hesitate.    He    answered    all    my   questions 


To  me,  the  Writer's 
Room  has  become 

like  the  dysfunctional 

family  I  wish  I  had, 

where  security  and 

anxiety  coexist 

on  almost  civil  terms. 


directly  and  forthrightly,  yet  somehow  I 
felt  a  distance  there.  No,  not  a  distance — 
for  there  was  an  underlying  kindness  in  his 
tone.  And  then  it  strikes  me.  Could  the 
great  Neil  Simon  still  be  shy  after  all  these 
years?  Perhaps  the  stories  about  his  quiet- 
ness while  working  at  Your  Show  of  Shows 
were  exaggerated,  but  this  is  still  the  man 
who  created  the  wide-eyed  "Eugene"  in  the 
Brighton  Beach  trilogies  and  now,  young 
"Lucas"  in  Laughter  on  the  23rd  Floor. 

Though  I  know  I  should  be  focusing  on 
the  work  in  the  room,  for  the  next  few 
minutes  I  am  lost  in  distraction,  replaying 


the  phone  conversation  in  my  mind.  I  am 
still  back  in  the  Fifties  with  Neil  Simon 
and  the  writers  of  Your  Show  of  Shows.  Then 
finally,  I  hear  myself  surrounded  by  laugh- 
ter. Someone  at  the  table  has  just  suggest- 
ed an  Arabian  Night  fantasy  sequence  in 
which  the  girls  of  our  show  are  wishing  a 
man  would  crash  their  slumber  party  when 
magically  our  nerdy  character  appears  as 
Aladdin  from  out  of  the  lamp. 

I  go  back  to  work,  pitching  something 
about  the  lamp  being  rusty  so  the  nerd 
comes  out  of  the  lamp  a  strange  shade  of 
orange  and  in  desperate  need  of  a  lube  job. 
The  other  writers  groan,  someone  throws  a 
plastic  football  at  me,  and  I  once  again 
become  part  of  the  room.  Though  we  will 
most  certainly  not  go  down  in  the  annals  of 
television  history,  still  I  wonder.  I  wonder  if 
thirty  years  from  now  I  may  look  back  at 
this  experience  and  remember  it  fondly  as 
the  most  fun  I  have  had  in  my  life. 

Laughter  on  the  Second  Floor  in  Burbankl 
Better  leave  that  to  Neil.  ■ 


Kurlander  '82  is  executive  story  consultant  for  the 
NBC  Saturday  morning  sitcom  Saved  by  the 
Bell:  The  New  Class. 


A 

Giftfar 

Tour 

Favorite 

Duke 

Graduate 


D. 


avid  M.  Lockwood  (Law  '84) 
commissioned  artist  Mark  Desman  to  capture  the 
panorama  of  Duke's  West  Campus  in  the  style  and 
manner  of  Richard  Rummel.  That  painting  has  been 
reproduced  in  full  sheet  (20"  x  31%")  and  half  sheet 
(10"  x  15%")  signed  and  numbered  limited  edition 
(2000)  prints  published  on  high-quality  heavy  vellum 
cover  stock.  The  words  "Duke  University"  appear  in 


S  ep  t  ember  -O  c  t  obi 


the  bottom  margin.  Order  your  prints  by  calling 
Dave  at  (215)  564-8113  (W);  (215)  345-7756  (H)  or 
by  writing  to  him  at  553  Creek  Road,  Doylestown, 
Pennsylvania  18901.  The  price  of  $100  (full  sheet)  or 
$60  (half  sheet)  includes  postage,  handling,  and  a  ten 
percent  donation  to  the  University.  Prints  will  be 
mailed  the  date  an  order  is  received. 


NON-ELITIST 
ARCHAEOLOGY 


During  their  careers,  religion  profes- 
sors Carol  and  Eric  Meyers  have 
been  involved  in  several  major 
archaeological  finds:  In  1981,  the  couple 
discovered  the  largest  piece  of  the  so- 
called  Holy  Ark,  and  six  years  ago,  they 
uncovered  the  impressive  "Mona  Lisa  of 
Galilee"  mosaic  at  Sepphoris,  Israel. 

Traditionally,  these  types  of  discoveries — 
artistic  artifacts  or  items  featuring  history- 
revealing  inscriptions — have  captured  the 
public  imagination  and  glamorized  the 
field  of  archaeology.  But  in  recent  times, 
the  Meyerses  say,  they've  changed  their 
way  of  thinking  about  archaeological 
"responsibilities." 

"What  people  are  usually  interested  in 
are  the  things  the  rich  people  of  the  time 
made  or  bought,  but  we  mustn't  forget  that 
public  structures  like  temples,  statues,  walls, 
and  gates  were  all  built  by  taxing  the  peas- 
antry," says  Carol  Meyers. 

"In  focusing  our  latest  work  on  domestic 
life,  we're  involved  in  what  we  call  non- 
elitist  archaeology.  We  aren't  looking  for 
things  that  cost  a  lot  of  money;  we're  look- 
ing for  things  that  tell  about  what  life  was 
like  for  90  percent  of  the  people.  We 
believe  it  is  our  responsibility — indeed, 
even  our  challenge — to  give  proper  atten- 
tion to  the  larger  population  of  antiquity." 

That  philosophy  governed  work  at  the 
two  sites  the  couple  and  their  team  excavat- 
ed this  summer  in  Israel.  The  Meyerses  led 
the  Duke  in  Israel  program,  which  included 
twenty-nine  Duke  students,  and  students  and 


Antiquity  unearthed: 
excavations  in  the  ancient 
Roman  City ,  part  of  the 
Sepphoris  Regional  Project 
in  Israel 

faculty  participants 
from  Wake  Forest 
University  and  the 
University  of  Con- 
necticut,  as  well  as 
?fc**""  fifty  Russian  immi- 
\v  "*^  grants  hired  to  work 
at  the  two  sites.  Work 
was  conducted  at  both 
I  the  Roman  City, 
I  which  is  part  of  the 
Sepphoris  Regional 
Project  led  for  several  years  by  the  Meyers- 
es, and,  just  south  of  the  Roman  City  and 
located  along  the  Galilee  basin,  Tell  Ein 
Zippori,  a  settlement  of  the  late  Bronze 
and  early  Iron  Ages  and  a  new  project  for 
the  Meyerses. 

Their  team  focused  on  the  area  of  small 
streets  and  houses  adjacent  to  the  elabo- 
rate villa  that  several  years  ago  yielded  the 
third-century  mosaic  (that  site  is  now  a 
national  park  museum).  "Our  theme  this  year 
was  the  multiculturalism  of  Sepphoris — its 
diverse  population,"  says  Eric  Meyers. 

Archaeological  work  in  domestic  areas, 
he  says,  is  much  more  complicated  than 
working  on  one  structure.  "We'll  be  trying 
to  answer  questions  like  what  was  the  spe- 
cial use  of  a  building  with  no  stairwell? 
And  what  do  artifacts  found  in  a  certain 
place  tell  about  its  use?  We're  looking  for 
answers  to  questions  about  special  use  and 
gender  issues.  It's  like  a  puzzle." 

But  the  Meyerses  say  the  real  highlight 
of  the  trip  was  the  group  of  Duke  students 
working  on  the  projects.  "They  were  a 
pure  delight — they  made  it  a  rejuvenating 
experience  for  us.  In  all  the  twenty-three 
years  we've  been  doing  this,  we've  never  had 
a  more  talented  group,"  says  Eric  Meyers. 

There  is  still  much  work  to  be  done  on 
both  sites  and  the  Meyerses  will  be  back  in 
Israel  next  summer  with  another  group  of 
students.  But  the  veterans  of  this  year's 
special  dig  didn't  wait  that  long  to  get 
together  again — they  organized  a  reunion 
in  September. 

And  because  so  many  parents  and  other 
adults  expressed  interest  in  their  children's 
experiences,  Alumni  Affairs'  director  of  con- 
tinuing education,  Deborah  Weiss  Fowlkes 


'78,  is  planning  a  two-week  stint  for  alumni 
with  the  Meyerses  at  their  dig  sites.The 
trip  is  slated  for  June  3-17,  1994- 


NEW  TRUSTEES 
TAPPED 

Duke's  board  of  trustees  has  nine 
new  members  for  the  fiscal  year 
that  began  July  1 .  Elected  to  serve 
six-year  terms  were  J.  Rex  Fuqua  of 
Atlanta,  president  of  the  Fuqua  Capital 
Corporation;  Peter  M.  Nicholas  of  Water- 
town,  Massachusetts,  co-chair,  president, 
and  CEO  of  Boston  Scientific  Corpora- 
tion; the  Reverend  George  P.  Robinson 
'55,  B.D.  '58  of  Winston-Salem,  senior 
minister  of  Centenary  United  Methodist 
Church;  Jean  G.  Spaulding  M.D.  '73,  a 
Durham  psychiatrist  and  adjunct  faculty 
member  at  Duke  Medical  Center;  and 
Gary  L.  Wilson  '62  of  Los  Angeles,  co- 
chair  of  Northwest  Airlines,  Inc. 

Douglas  Alan  Hicks  M.Div.  '93,  a  doc- 
toral student  at  Harvard,  was  elected  to 
serve  a  three-year  term.  Seth  D.  Krauss 
'92,  a  student  at  Washington  University's 
law  school,  will  serve  two  years  as  a  mem- 
ber of  the  board.  Edward  M.  Hanson  Jr. 
'73,  A.M.  '77,  J.D.  '77,  an  attorney  in 
Rockville,  Maryland,  and  immediate  past 
president  of  the  Duke  Alumni  Associa- 
tion, will  serve  one  year. 

These  eight  new  trustees  succeed  those 
whose  terms  expired  June  30:  P.J.  Baugh  '54; 
Samuel  DuBois  Cook  Hon.  '79;  James  R. 
Ladd  '64;  Paul  A.  Levinsohn  '90;  Elizabeth 
Brooks  Reid  '53;  Margaret  F.  Rowlett  A.M. 
'90,  J.D.  '90;  Thomas  B.  Stockton  B.D.  '55; 
and  L.  Neil  Williams  Jr.  '58,  J.D.  '61. 

In  addition,  Truman  T.  Semans,  vice 
chairman  emeritus  and  managing  director 
of  Alex.  Brown  &  Sons  in  Baltimore,  was 
elected  to  fill  the  unexpired  term,  to  1997, 
of  George  Herbert  of  Durham,  who  retired 
after  eight  years  on  the  board. 

Appointed  trustee  observers  for  the  year 
were  Richard  Moore  '93  of  Kannapolis, 
North  Carolina,  who  succeeds  Krauss  as  an 
observer;  and  Stanley  G.  Brading  Jr.  '75, 
an  Atlanta  attorney  and  president  of  the 
Duke  Alumni  Association,  who  succeeds 
Hanson  as  an  observer.  Observers  are 
nominated  annually  by  the  student  body 
and  the  alumni  association  to  participate 


46 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


in  board  meetings,  but  are  not  voting 
members. 

Re-elected  to  the  board  were  trustees 
Julie  Campbell  Esrey  '60  of  Shawnee  Mis- 
sion, Kansas;  George  V.  Grune  '52,  chair- 
man and  chief  executive  officer  of  the 
Reader's  Digest  Association,  of  Pleasant- 
ville,  New  York;  Benjamin  D.  Holloway  '50 
of  Miami,  director  of  the  Continental  Com- 
panies; Herman  Postma  '55,  director  emeri- 
tus of  the  Oak  Ridge  National  Laboratory, 
of  Oak  Ridge,  Tennessee;  Dorothy  Lewis 
Simpson  '46  of  Mercer  Island,  Washington; 
and  Daniel  C.  Tosteson,  dean  of  the  facul- 
ty, Harvard  Medical  School,  of  Boston. 

The  board  has  thirty-six  elected  mem- 
bers. Duke  President  Nannerl  O.  Keohane 
is  an  ex  officio  member. 


THE  PRICE  OF 
JUSTICE 


orth  Carolina  taxpayers  pay 
$329,000  more  on  average  to  try, 
convict,  and  execute  a  murderer 
than  they  do  to  gain  a  first-degree  murder 
conviction  with  a  twenty-year  prison  term, 
say  two  Duke  public  policy  professors. 

When  the  savings  in  prison  costs  are  fig- 
ured in,  the  extra  cost  to  the  public  of 
judicial  procedures  leading  to  execution  is 
$163,000,  according  to  a  twenty-month 
study  by  Philip  J.  Cook,  professor  of  public 
policy  and  economics,  and  Donna  B. 
Slawson,  a  lawyer  who  is  an  assistant 
research  professor  of  public  policy. 

The  authors  say  defendants  in  murder 
cases  where  the  sentence  can  be  death 
receive  "super  due  process"  protection  that 
means  the  typical  capital  case  is  more  ex- 
pensive at  every  stage  of  the  legal  process 


than  if  the  state  had  not  sought  the  death 
penalty. 

For  example,  in  North  Carolina,  an 
indigent  defendant  being  tried  for  a  capital 
crime  has  the  right  to  two  defense  attor- 
neys, while  in  all  other  cases  indigents  are 
appointed  only  one  lawyer.  Also,  because 
of  the  thoroughness  required  in  prepara- 
tion for  a  capital  trial,  investigations  may 
take  much  longer  than  in  other  cases.  In 
capital  cases,  more  expert  witnesses  are 
required  at  state  expense  and  more  legal 
motions  are  often  filed. 

The  greatest  difference  between  capital 
and  non-capital  costs  may  be  in  post-con- 
viction proceedings,  Cook  and  Slawson 
say.  There  can  be  nine  distinct  steps  in  the 
appeals  process  all  the  way  to  the  U.S. 
Supreme  Court,  some  of  which  can  be 
repeated. 

"We  leave  it  to  others  to  judge  whether 
the  benefits  of  executing  some  murderers 
are  such  that  it  is  worthwhile  to  expend  so 
much  public  resources  on  the  effort,"  say 
Cook  and  Slawson. 


WHAT'S  YOUR 
OPINION? 

Political  polls  that  tell  us  everything 
from  who's  going  to  win  the  next 
election  to  the  current  presidential 
popularity  rating  do  not  accurately  reflect 
a  cross-section  of  political  opinion,  says 
John  Brehm,  a  Duke  political  scientist. 

Brehm  says  that  people  who  participate 
in  surveys  are  markedly  different  from 
those  who  decline,  and  surveys  uninten- 
tionally exclude  those  who  aren't  interested 
in  politics.  Those  who  participate  in  sur- 
veys tend  to  be  younger,  well  educated, 


married,  and  from  a  higher  socio-economic 
class,  he  says.  And  surveys  tend  to  under- 
count  men  because  they're  slightly  less  like- 
ly to  be  contacted  and  more  likely  to  refuse. 

"We're  drawing  disproportionally  from 
people  who  participate  in  politics,  because 
the  people  who  participate  in  surveys  tend 
to  be  people  who  participate  more  in  a 
wide  range  of  political  and  social  activi- 
ties," says  Brehm. 

For  example,  Brehm  says  he  has  found 
that  polls  and  surveys  overestimate  the 
amount  of  support  for  the  pro-choice  posi- 
tion on  the  abortion  issue.  "The  pro-life 
people  are  the  people  we're  missing  with 
these  sorts  of  studies  because  they're  less 
likely  to  participate  in  surveys." 

Surveys  tend  to  overestimate  the  num- 
ber of  people  who  vote,  the  importance  of 
negative  voting,  and  the  importance  of 
voter  dislike  of  the  candidates,  Brehm  says, 
while  they  tend  to  underestimate  candi- 
date name  recognition,  knowledge  about 
legislative  voting  records,  and  the  impor- 
tance of  income  on  political  views. 

Brehm  relied  on  two  highly-respected 
sources,  the  National  Elections  Studies 
organization  and  the  National  Opinion 
Research  Center,  for  his  data. 


NEW  TREATMENT 
FOR  HIP  JOINTS 


A  long-term  study  at  Duke  shows 
that  an  unusual  surgical  procedure 
in  which  a  section  of  bone  from 
beneath  the  knee  is  inserted  into  a  damaged 
hip  joint  is  more  successful  than  artificial 
hip  replacement  for  treating  young  people 
suffering  from  degenerative  hip  disorders. 
James  R.  Urbaniak,  chief  of  orthopedic 


GRANTED  FOR  HIS  GENIUS 


A  Duke  alumnus 
whose  book  was 
recently  reviewed 
in  Duke  Magazine  was 
awarded  a  Mac  Arthur  Fel- 
lowship from  the  John  D. 
and  Catherine  T. 
MacArthur  Foundation  in 
Chicago. 

Paul  Farmer  '82  was  one 
of  thirty-one  award  winners 


this  year,  the 
second  year  he 
was  nominated 
for  the  prize.  The 
MacArthur  Foun- 
dation began  the 
"genius  grants"  in 
1981  to  free 
unusually  cre- 
ative people  to 
pursue  their  life's 
work. 
Now  on  the  staff  of 
Boston's  Brigham  and 
Women's  Hospital,  Farmer 
generally  spends  six 
months  of  the  year  in  rural 
Haiti.  Most  of  his  work  has 
involved  an  organization 
called  Zanmi  Lasante 
(Friends  of  Health),  headed 
by  a  Haitian  Episcopal 
priest,  the  Reverend 


Fritz  Lafontant. 

As  reported  in  The 
Chronicle  of  Philanthropy, 
Farmer  will  use  the 
$220,000  grant  to  create 
the  Institute  for  Health  and 
Social  Justice,  whose  prin- 
cipal goal  will  be  to  "iden- 
tify people,  unlike  me,  who 
would  never  be  singled  out 
for  any  kind  of  recognition 
or  financial  support  of  their 
work — people  who  work 
on  behalf  of  the  poor  but 
are  invisible  to  people  who 
manage  funds  and  disburse 
grants." 

Farmer's  work  in  Haiti 
began  after  he  wrote  an 
article  in  1980  for  Duke's 
Chronicle  about  North  Car- 
olina farm  workers — many 
of  whom  were  Haitian 


immigrants.  "The  condi- 
tions that  farm  workers 
were  enduring  were  so  bad 
that  one  automatically 
asked,  Why  would  anyone 
leave  their  home  country 
to  endure  this  kind  of  sub- 
jugation?" he  told  The 
Chronicle  of  Philanthropy. 
With  a  $1,000  fellowship 
from  Duke,  he  went 
to  Haiti  in  1983  to 
learn  the  language 
and  work  on  solv- 
ing the  problems 
of  Haitian  immi- 
grants in  Amer- 
ica's inner  cities. 

AIDS  and 
Accusation: 
Haiti  and  the 
Qeography  of 
Blame, 


Farmer's  latest  book,  was 
reviewed  in  the  March- 
April  1993  issue  of  Dulce 
Magazine.  "With  AIDS  and 
Accusation, "  wrote  the 
reviewer,  "[Farmer]  sets  out 
to  set  the  record  straight 
about  Haiti's  so-called  role 
in  the  spread  of  the  disease 
and  to  rebuke  what  he  sees 
as  the  racism,  accusation, 

and  unfair  assigning 
of  blame 
against 
Haitians." 


S  ep  tember-O  c  tob  t 


surgery  at  Duke,  says  that  artificial  total  hip 
replacement  procedures  have  eventual  fail- 
ure rates  approaching  50  percent  in  young 
patients,  while  the  surgical  procedure, 
developed  at  Duke,  is  successful  89  percent 
of  the  time  if  the  disease  is  treated  early  on. 

More  than  50,000  Americans,  a  majority 
of  them  young,  receive  total  hip  replace- 
ments each  year  because  of  osteonecrosis, 
a  condition  caused  by  a  lack  of  blood  flow 
to  the  ball  joint  attaching  the  leg  to  the 
hip.  Without  an  adequate  supply  of  blood, 
the  bone  dies,  ultimately  resulting  in  the 
collapse  of  the  hip  joint. 

The  procedure  developed  at  Duke  is 
known  as  a  free  vascularized  fibular  graft 
(FVFG).  Surgeons  insert  a  four- inch  por- 
tion of  the  fibula,  the  smaller  of  the  two 
leg  bones  between  the  knee  and  the  ankle, 
into  a  hole  drilled  into  the  ball  of  the  hip 
joint.  The  spaces  around  the  graft  are 
packed  with  bone  shavings  from  the  thigh 
bone  to  provide  support  and  an  environ- 
ment for  new  blood  vessel  growth. 

Using  microsurgical  techniques,  the 
blood  vessels  nourishing  this  graft  are 
attached  to  other  vessels  in  the  hip,  which 
can  arrest  the  degenerative  process.  "The 
procedure  has  been  so  effective  because  in 
the  process  we  remove  all  the  dead  tissue, 
relieve  the  compression  on  the  blood  ves- 
sels in  the  bone,  and  provide  new  support 


for  the  joint,"  says  Urbaniak.  "In  addition, 
the  new  blood  vessels  contained  in  the 
graft  keep  the  joint  alive  and  stimulate 
new  bone  growth." 


IN  BRIEF 


■  Michael  Mezzatesta,  director  of  the 
Duke  University  Museum  of  Art  and  a 
specialist  in  Italian  Renaissance  art, 
Baroque  sculpture,  and  contemporary 
Western  art,  has  been  named  director  of 
the  Walters  Art  Gallery  in  Baltimore. 
Mezzatesta,  who  has  been  director  of  the 
Duke  museum  since  January  1987,  begins 
his  new  job  November  15.  The  Walters, 
the  subject  of  a  recent  profile  in  Smithson- 
ian magazine,  is  noted  for  its  strong  collec- 
tions of  medieval,  Byzantine,  and  Islamic 
art,  early  Christian  liturgical  vessels, 
Renaissance  enamels,  and  Greek,  Roman, 
and  Etruscan  art. 

■  Judith  Simpson  White  has  been 
named  special  assistant  to  the  president 
and  Duke's  sexual  harassment  prevention 
coordinator.  White  will  be  responsible  for 
developing  programs  for  the  prevention  of 
sexual  harassment  and  for  resolving  sexual 


harassment  complaints  at  Duke.  She  will 
also  work  with  the  Academic  Council  and 
others  in  the  university  to  determine  the 
next  steps  in  refining  Duke's  newly-estab- 
lished harassment  policy.  Since  1990, 
White  has  served  as  assistant  dean  of  the 
faculty  of  arts  and  sciences  and  director  of 
the  Women's  Center  at  Dartmouth  College. 

■  David  Broder,  political  analyst  and 
columnist  for  The  Washington  Post,  has 
been  named  to  fill  the  first  Knight  Chair 
in  Communications  and  Journalism  at  the 
Terry  Sanford  Institute  of  Public  Policy. 
Broder  will  continue  to  write  for  the  Post 
but  will  also  teach  a  course  for  seniors  and 
graduate  students,  "The  Health  Care 
Debate — Whose  Voice  is  Heard?"  Accord- 
ing to  Bruce  Kuniholm,  director  of  the 
institute,  the  course  will  use  the  debate  over 
health-care  reform  as  a  case  study  for  exam- 
ining the  interactions  of  politics,  policy 
making,  and  the  communications  process. 
Broder  is  best  known  for  his  twice-weekly 
column  appearing  in  more  than  300  news- 
papers; he  won  the  Pulitzer  Prize  for  distin- 
guished commentary  twenty  years  ago. 

■  Ellen  Mickiewicz,  a  political  scientist 
and  fellow  for  International  Media  and 
Communications  at  the  Carter  Center  of 
Emory    University    (CCEU),    has    been 


WHEN  YOU'RE  NAMED  FOR 
DURHAM'S  MOST  FAMOUS  FAMILY, 
YOU'RE  EXPECTED  TO  BE  SPECIAL 

Since  the  late  1800s,  the  Duke  family  name 
has  been  closely  associated  with  excellence 
and  achievement.  Today  the  tradition  con- 
tinues at  the  Washington  Duke  Inn  &-  Golf 
Club.  Situated  at  the  edge  of  Duke  Univer- 
sity's campus,  Durham's  first  deluxe  hotel 
offers  171  luxurious  guest  rooms  and  suites. 
Enjoy  international  fine  dining  at  the  Fairview 
Restaurant.  Relax  with  a  drink  and  good 
conversation  at  the  Bull  Durham  Bar.  And, 
although  the  Duke  University  golf  course 
will  be  undergoing  a  facelift,  golfers  can  look 
forward  to  the  grand  re -opening  of  a  more 
beautiful  and  improved  course  in  Spring  1994. 
Whether  you're  visiting  the  university  or 
planning  a  getaway  you'll  feel  like  a  special 
guest  in  a  gracious  Southern  home.  Call  us 
at  (919)  490-0999  or  (800)  443-3853. 


mSt 


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(919)  490-0999  •  Fax  (919)  688-0105 


"XT 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


WHEEL  POWER,  FROM  COAST  TO  COAST 


Mason  Myers  '93 
laughs  about  the 
episode  now,  but 
he  wasn't  laughing  last  May 
when  he  and  seven  of  his 
Kappa  Sigma  fraternity 
brothers,  who  were  bicy- 
cling cross-country  to  raise 
money  for  Durham 
County's  Association  for 
Retarded  Citizens  (ARC), 
spent  the  night  in  Coledale, 
Nevada. 

"We  were  exhausted 
from  climbing  the  Sierra 
Nevadas  and  stopped  in 
Coledale,  which  had  a  pop- 
ulation of  eleven,"  says 
Myers.  "We  wanted  to 
camp  behind  a  building 
there,  but  the  owner  of  the 
property  made  us  pay  to 
sleep  in  this  disgusting 
hotel  of  his.  He  didn't  want 
to  be  liable  if  we  were  bit- 
ten by  rattlesnakes  at  night 
on  his  land.  We  left  at  four 


in  the  morning  just  to  get 
out  of  there." 

Myers  began  planning  the 
cycling  project  with  Mark 
Crooks  '95,  who  was  already 
an  experienced  biker,  after 
they  returned  to  Duke  for 
classes  in  August  1992.  The 
fraternity  approached  the 
ARC's  board  of  directors 


that  fall  and  soon  began 
collecting  pledges  from  their 
friends  and  families.  Cycle 
Center  in  Durham  offered 
to  sell  them  equipment  at 
cost,  and  former  President 
Keith  Brodie  contributed  a 
van  to  carry  their  supplies. 

Early  last  spring  semester, 
Myers  started  a  daily  regi- 


Psyched  to  cycle:  Kappa  Sigs  Brett  Henrikson  '94,  Josh  Gibson 
'94JeffMacHarg  '95;  Mason  Myers  '93,  Mark  Crooks  '95, 
Nick  Vogenthaler  '94,  Jason  Burr  '93 ,  and]osh  Frederick  '95 


men  of  running  and  biking 
to  prepare  himself  for  the 
long  ride.  "I  was  the  worst 
athlete  and  in  the  worst 
shape  of  anyone  in  the 
group,"  he  says,  "so  I  had  to 
do  a  lot  of  work  to  get  ready." 

But  Myers'  extensive 
training  wasn't  as  painful  as 
the  nightmare  in  Coledale, 
which  he  describes  as  the 
"the  emotional  low  point  of 
the  trip,"  or  the  group's 
constant  battles  with  nasty 
head  winds.  Biking  an 
average  of  100  miles  a  day, 
the  group  didn't  take  a  day 
off  until  they  reached  St. 
Louis,  where  they  rested 
only  two  more  days  during 
the  remainder  of  the  trip. 

Finally,  their  persever- 
ance paid  off:  After  3,279 
miles  and  thirty-four  days 
on  the  road  since  they'd  left 
San  Francisco,  the  fraternity 
brothers  ended  their 


odyssey  at  Wrightsville 
Beach,  North  Carolina,  on 
June  24,  raising  more  than 
$15,000  for  the  ARC. 

Myers  says  his  strongest 
memories  are  of  biking  a 
trip-record  163  miles  dur- 
ing one  day  in  Nevada  and 
of  climbing  Nevada's 
9,000-foot-high  Sinora 
Pass.  "The  energy  it  took  to 
climb  that,"  he  says,  "was 
symbolic  of  the  effort  the 
whole  trip  took.  1  guess  the 
high  point  for  us,  though, 
was  when  we  climbed 
Monarch  Pass  in  Colorado, 
which  is  over  1 1 ,000  feet. 
Then  we  knew  we  could 
finish  the  rest  of  the  trip. 
We'd  made  it  to  the  flat- 
lands,  and  the  worst  was 
behind  us." 

—Stephen  Martin  '95 


named  the  first  James  R.  Shepley  Professor 
of  Public  Policy  Studies  at  Duke.  When 
she  assumes  her  appointment  in  January 
1994,  she  will  also  direct  the  DeWitt  Wal- 
lace Center  for  Communications  and  Jour- 
nalism at  Duke's  Terry  Sanford  Institute  of 
Public  Policy.  A  pioneer  in  the  field  of  in- 
ternational communications  and  an  expert 
on  the  former  Soviet  Union,  Mickiewicz 
helped  former  President  Jimmy  Carter  cre- 
ate the  Commission  on  Radio  and  Televi- 
sion Policy,  which  will  continue  its  work 
as  a  joint  initiative  of  CCEU  and  Duke. 

■  Norman  Keul  has  been  appointed 
assistant  dean  of  Trinity  College  and 
director  of  the  Pre-Major  Advising  Center. 
For  the  past  eight  years,  Keul  was  residen- 
tial college  dean  and  director  of  freshman 
advising  at  Yale  University,  where  he  was 
also  assistant  professor  of  German.  The 
Pre-Major  Advising  Center  oversees  the 
academic  advising  of  Trinity  College 
undergraduates  until  they  declare  a  major, 
usually  in  the  second  semester  of  the 
sophomore  year.  Keul  will  coordinate  the 
work  of  125  advisers  drawn  from  the  facul- 
ty and  administration  and  will  also  oversee 
first-year  seminar  programs. 

I  Joel  L.  Fleishman,  first  senior  vice 
president  of  the  university,  assumed  the 
presidency  of  the  Atlantic  Philanthropic 
Service  Company,  Inc.  of  New  York  on 
September  1 .  APS  is  a  consulting  company 
providing  grant-making  advisory  services  to 
individuals  and  organizations.  The  founder 
and  former  head  of  Duke's  policy  sciences 

September-October    I  993 


institute,    Fleishman    led    the    university's  I  direct  Duke's  Center  for  Ethics,  Public  Pol- 

$221 -million  arts  and  sciences  and  engi-  icy,  and  the  Professions,  and  will  teach  at 

neering  endowment  fund-raising  campaign  the  center,  the  law  school,  and  the  Terry 

that  ended  in  1991.  He  will  continue  to  Sanford  Institute  of  Public  Policy. 


DUKE 

Safe,  serious  weight  loss  through 

lifestyle  change.  Personalized  care  from 

Duke  physicians  and  health  professionals. 


Diet  and  Fitness  Center 

Duke  University  Medical  Center 
804  W.  Trinity  Avenue 
Durham,  NC  27701 
800-362-8446 


BOOK 


Poor  Dancer's  Almanac: 
Managing  Life  and  Work  in  the 
Performing  Arts. 

Eh'  David  R.  White,  Use  Friedman,  and  Tia 
Tibbits  Levinson,  editors.  Durham:  Duke 
Press,  1993.  384  pp.  $13.95  paper,  $45  cloth. 

Poor  Dancer's  Almanac,  a 
project  of  Dance  Theater 
Workshop,  is  a  very  busi- 
nesslike hook  with  absolute- 
ly no  frills,  small  print,  and 
no  illustrations,  except  for 
seven  delightful  sketches 
by  Janie  Geiser  that  grace 
the  title  page  of  each  chapter.  PDA  pro- 
vides information  on  a  number  of  different 
topics  for  dancers,  choreographers,  and 
budding  arts-management  personnel  (often 
all  one  and  the  same  person)  as  they  try  to 
scrape  a  living  and  retain  some  sanity  and 
creative  integrity  in  this  most  financially 
insecure  of  art  forms.  More  than  sixty  con- 
tributors hold  forth  on  such  matters  as 
concert  promotion  and  production,  finan- 
cial management,  government  funding, 
physical  and  mental  health,  and  commu- 
nity relations. 

"Dry?"  you  ask.  Not  at  all.  The  advice 
given  and  the  stories  shared  are  written  by 
artists,  producers,  managers,  doctors,  and 
writers  who  have  stmggled  daily  with  sur- 
vival and  success  in  the  dance  world,  or 
who  work  closely  with  and  care  about 
those  who  do.  In  their  introduction,  editors 
David  R.  White  and  Lise  Friedman  state 
that  Poor  Dancer's  Almanac  "is  about  the 
fundamental  struggle  to  balance  personal 
survival  and  creative  challenge — and  the 
essential  recognition  of  the  degree  to 
which  the  one  influences  and  conditions 
the  other."  Putting  it  more  viscerally, 
choreographer  Stephanie  Skura  writes, 
"Mere  survival  is  a  wild  success."  Because 
so  much  of  the  information  found  in  this 
book  was  gleaned  from  experiences  close  to 
the  edge  of  inner  creativity  and  outer  sur- 
vival, most  chapters  speak  with  a  directness 
that  is  deeply  felt  and  ultimately  useful. 

First  published  in  1976,  Poor  Dancer's 
Almanac  was  originally  compiled  by  dancer 
and  lawyer  Ted  Striggles,  choreographer 
Senta  Driver,  and  dance  company  manager 
Margery  Simkin  as  a  100-page  resource 
directory  for  dance  artists.  It  was  revised 


and  greatly  expanded  in  1983,  and  expanded 
again  in  the  current  version  with  the  intent 
to  broaden  the  focus  by  including  indepen- 
dent artists  who  work  in  theater,  perfor- 
mance art,  and  music,  as  well  as  dance. 

Three  chapters,  "The  Show,"  "Taking 
Care  of  Business,"  and  "The  Marketplace," 
which  emphasize  the  production  and  busi- 
ness aspects  of  dance,  provide  the  most 
comprehensive  and  useful  information.  For 
example,  a  really  excellent  section  offered 
by  Ellen  Jacobs  and  Mindy  N.  Levine, 
"Promoting  Your  Performance,"  is  a  step- 
by-step  guide  to  publicizing  an  event. 
They  outline  opportunities  for  free  publici- 
ty in  public  service  announcements,  arts 
events  listings,  and  press  releases,  and  gen- 
erally offer  advice  on  how  to  get  the  most 
bang  for  the  very  limited  buck. 

"Taking  Care  of  Business"  covers  meth- 
ods to  structure  an  arts  organization,  bud- 
geting, taxes,  legal  issues,  unemployment 
insurance,  and  the  many  faces  of  funding. 
A  fuller  discussion  of  the  application 
process  for  tax-exempt,  nonprofit  status 
would  have  been  a  valuable  addition. 
Although  Ted  Striggles  and  Mara  Green- 
berg  in  "The  Structure  of  Your  Operations" 
say  that  "This  aspect  of  the  legal  system  is 


not  for  amateurs,"  directors  of  many  small 
companies  in  fact  complete  the  difficult 
process  with  little  professional  help. 

Less  focused  is  the  chapter  on  "Commu- 
nity," a  loose  collection  of  very  brief  essays 
that  touch  on  artist  and  community  con- 
cerns but  do  not  substantially  address 
them.  The  editors  might  have  expanded 
the  discussion  of  such  topics  as  that  raised 
by  Liz  Lerman — the  marginalization  of 
performing  arts  from  the  mainstream  of 
American  life.  "Don't  keep  yelling  in  an 
empty  theater,"  says  choreographer  Jeff 
McManon. 

Finally,  chapter  seven,  "Many  Places, 
Many  Dreams,"  includes  short  articles  by 
artists  working  outside  New  York  City. 
Some  contributors  who  chose  to  leave 
their  former  base  in  New  York  discuss 
their  reasons  and  the  nature  of  their  artis- 
tic survival  in  their  current  homes.  A  com- 
mon theme  that  runs  through  this  chapter 
is  the  intrinsic  prejudice  against  local 
artists,  as  if  it  is  a  given  that  art  imported 
from  anywhere  else — especially  from  New 
York —  must  ipso  facto  be  better  than  local 
art.  This  is  an  understandable  but  unfortu- 
nate extension  of  an  attitude  that  Western 
European  settlers  brought  with  them  to 
this  country  when  every  scrap  of  "culture" 
had  to  be  imported. 

One  might  assume  Poor  Dancer's 
Almanac  would  be  used  primarily  as  a  ref- 
erence tool  by  artists  with  very  specific 
informational  needs.  But  its  appeal  for 
artists  is  much  broader  than  that;  how  oth- 
ers have  solved  problems  one  has  already 
faced  and  may  face  again  is  always  of  inter- 
est. Because  the  contributors  write  about 
both  large  and  small  issues  of  immediate 
concern  to  artists  during  the  incessant 
give-and-take  of  survival  and  creative 
health,  the  book  resonates  with  felt  expe- 
rience and  shared  concern.  PDA  is  an 
important  contribution  to  the  community 
of  art  and  artists.  The  more  we  foster  the 
community  within  and  without  ourselves, 
the  stronger  the  art  and  our  reasons  for 
making  it. 

— Barbara  Dickinson 


Dickinson  is  the  director  of  Duke's  dance  progr<m\ 
and  an  assistant  professor  of  the  practice  of  dance. 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


The  Politics  of  Virtue:  Is 
Abortion  Debatable? 

B}  Elizabeth  Mensch  and  Alan  Freeman. 
Durham:  Duke  Press,  1993.  264  pp.  $14-95 
paper,  $39.95  cloth. 


Why  are  Amer- 
i  c  a  n  s  so 
painfully 
divided  in 
the  debate 
on  abortion? 
Why  are  the 
positions 
and  rhetoric  of  both  the  pro-life  and  pro- 
choice  movements  so  remote  from  the 
basic  beliefs  and  values  that  guide  the  eth- 
ical decisions  of  most  Americans?  And 
most  importantly,  do  things  really  have  to 
be  this  way?  Are  we  "necessarily  stuck 
with  the  grim  and  destructive  fact  of  moral 
incommensurability"  that  now  character- 
izes the  abortion  debate? 

According  to  legal  scholars  Elizabeth 
Mensch  and  Alan  Freeman,  our  current 
inability  to  answer  these  questions  is  symp- 
tomatic of  a  deeper  crisis,  the  breakdown 
of  a  moral  consensus  in  American  public 
life  since  the  1960s  and  a  distressing  move 
from  the  politics  of  debate  to  the  politics 
of  protest.  At  the  heart  of  the  authors'  dis- 
cussion is  the  assumption  that  religion, 
specifically  Christianity,  has  traditionally 
provided  the  moral  consensus  necessary  for 
public  debate  and  ethical  decision  mak- 
ing— a  consensus  that  is  sadly  lacking  in 
the  abortion  debate  because  of  the  declin- 
ing significance  of  religious  values  in 
American  public  discourse. 

The  religious  discussion  is  so  central  to 
The  Politics  of  Virtue  that  the  book  ends  up 
being  less  an  analysis  of  the  abortion 
debate  than  a  spirited  appeal  for  the 
revival  of  conventional  religious  values  in 
American  public  discourse.  Predictably, 
the  book's  weighty  emphasis  on  religion  is 
the  source  of  both  its  most  significant  con- 
tributions to  the  abortion  debate  and  its 
most  obvious  shortcomings. 

On  the  positive  side,  the  authors  pre- 
sent a  thorough  and  insightful  description 
ot  the  historical  factors  that  inform  con- 
temporary attitudes  toward  religion:  the 
debates  between  fundamentalists  and  lib- 
erals at  the  turn  of  the  century,  the  verbal 
war  waged  between  pragmatist  philosopher 
John  Dewey  and  neo-orthodox  theologian 
Reinhold  Niebuhr  in  the  1930s  over  the 
future  of  religion,  the  progressive  decline 
of  the  seminary  as  a  force  in  American 
education,  the  challenge  posed  to  liberals 
and  conservatives  by  continental  theology 
following  the  second  World  War,  the 
decline  of  mainline  Protestantism  as  a  uni- 
fying force  in  public  life  in  the  1960s,  and, 
most  surprisingly,  the  open  discussions  of 


abortion  that  occupied  many  conservative 
and  liberal  intellectuals  before  the  Supreme 
Court  decision  in  Roe  v.  Wade.  (Arguing 
that  Roe  v.  Wade  effectively  forestalled  a 
promising  public  debate  on  abortion,  the 
authors  present  a  fascinating  piece  of  evi- 
dence that  the  Southern  Baptist  Conven- 
tion was  actually  contemplating  a  proposal 
for  the  liberalization  of  abortion  laws 
before  the  Court's  decision.) 

The  offspring  of  mass  immigrations  and 
great  grassroots  revivals,  Americans  are 
uniquely  disinclined  to  tailor  their  reli- 
gious experience  to  social  necessity.  From 
the  manifestoes  on  religious  liberty  of  the 
seventeenth-century  Baptist  minister  Roger 
Williams,  to  Martin  Luther  King  Jr.'s  "Let- 
ter from  a  Birmingham  Jail,"  American  reli- 
gion has  deep  roots  in  disenfranchisement 
and  dissent.  By  refusing  to  take  a  longer- 
term  look  at  the  foundations  of  American 
religious  identity,  the  authors  are  frustrat- 
ed again  and  again  by  the  extreme  individ- 
ualism of  both  conservatives  and  liberals 
in  this  country  and  the  socially  dysfunc- 
tional diversity  of  American  denomina- 
tionalism,  "a  diversity,"  they  cynically 
scold,  "that  ultimately  could  be  disciplined 
only  by  consumerist  preference." 

One  of  the  most  valuable  sections  of  the 
book  is  the  discussion  of  the  origins  of 
American  fundamentalism  and  the  rare 
insights  into  the  personalities  and  motiva- 
tions of  the  seminal  figures  in  the  move- 
ment. From  the  stubborn  witness  of 
Princeton  theologians  Charles  Hodge  (the 
father  of  biblical  inerrancy)  and  J.  Gresh- 
am  Machen  at  the  turn  of  the  century  to 
the  rise  of  expatriot  Francis  Schaeffer  as 
the  great  apologist  for  conservative  evan- 
gelicals during  the  1960s  (including  Jerry 
Falwell  and  Randall  Terry),  the  authors 
offer  a  refreshingly  sensitive  treatment  of  a 
movement  that  is  too  often  ignored  or  car- 
icatured in  serious  discussions. 

The  same  cannot  be  said  for  their  han- 
dling of  a  number  of  key  figures  on  the  left, 
notably  John  Dewey,  situational  ethicist 
Joseph  Fletcher,  and  Harvey  Cox,  the  author 
of  The  Secular  City.  If  conservative  extrem- 
ism can  be  understood  to  be  a  sincere,  it 
ultimately  futile,  response  to  the  irrespon- 
sible arrogance  of  religious  liberalism  or 
secular  humanism,  as  the  authors  argue,  no 
such  excuses  are  allowed  for  the  "myopia  and 
complacency"  of  Dewey's  pragmatic  philoso- 
phy, Fletcher's  reduction  of  Christian  ethics 
to  "mere  utilitarianism,"  or  Cox's  trendy 
optimism.  This  asymmetry  is  also  reflected 
in  the  book's  research.  Even  the  most 
extreme  conservative  positions  are  carefully 
documented  in  the  notes,  while  liberal  atti- 
tudes are  sometimes  caricatured,  with  the 
support  of  only  hostile  secondary  sources. 

At  the  center  of  the  book,  a  much  more 
substantive    treatment    is    given    to    two 


European  theologians  who  took  active 
roles  in  opposing  Hitler  during  World  War 
II,  Karl  Barth  and  Dietrich  Bonhoeffer. 
Barth's  multi-volumed  Dogmatics  stands  as 
the  towering  document  of  twentieth-cen- 
tury theology,  against  which  the  serious- 
ness and  integrity  of  both  conservative  and 
liberal  theology  are  still  measured  today. 
Author  of  The  Cost  of  Discipleship  and  the 
posthumously  published  Letters  and  Papers 
from  Prison,  Bonhoeffer  was  executed  by 
the  Nazis  for  his  active  role  in  the  German 
resistance  and  became  an  almost  mythical 
figure  for  everyone  from  evangelicals  to 
secular  humanists  in  the  years  following 
the  war. 

Though  plainly  disturbed  by  the  threat 
of  relativism  in  the  contextual  ethics  of 
both  men,  the  authors  return  again  and 
again  to  the  examples  of  Bonhoeffer  and 
Barth,  wondering  toward  the  end  of  their 
discussion  whether  "the  Protestant  tradi- 
tion of  serious  contextual  ethics  does  offer 
an  alternative  to  the  stark  and  uncompro- 
mising contemporary  approach  now  taken 
by  both  sides  on  [the  abortion]  issue." 
(Noticeably  absent  from  this  discussion  is 
Martin  Buber,  the  Jewish  philosopher 
whose  significance  for  American  theology 
rivaled  that  of  Barth  and  Bonhoeffer  dur- 
ing the  1950s  and  Sixties.) 

"We  will  not  offer  any  particular  solu- 
tion to  the  abortion  question,"  the  authors 
concede  in  the  Afterword,  providing  in- 
stead an  affirmation  of  "the  moral  integrity 
of  compromise"  and  an  apology  for  the  role 
of  religion  in  the  ongoing  abortion  debate. 
But  if  the  book  fails  to  deliver  on  the 
promise  of  its  title,  it  does  offer  a  number 
of  treasures  along  the  way. 

From  the  origins  of  the  Fundamentalist 
movement  in  the  late  nineteenth  century 
to  the  contemporary  ethical  stalemate  over 
abortion,  the  authors  present  a  wealth  of 
information  on  the  historical  background 
to  the  abortion  debate,  including  lengthy 
profiles  of  significant  personalities,  substan- 
tive discussions  of  major  books  and  docu- 
ments, and  detailed  accounts  of  the  key 
events  and  debates  that  have  shaped,  and 
shaken,  American  religious  hegemony  in 
the  twentieth  century. 

— David  Shirley 


Shirley  is  a  free-lance  writer  living  in  New  York 
City.' 


Sepi 


iber-Octobt 


1993 


ary]  figures  writing  in  English." 
Perfume,  by  Patrick  Siiskind,  "a 
gripping  murder  mystery"  that 
Moses  says  is  "a  major  rewriting 
of  the  myth  of  romantic  genius, 
which  focuses  instead  on  the 
genius  of  scent." 


We  asked  three  Duke  English  pro- 
fessors to  comment  on  books  writ- 
ten in  the  last  two  decades  that 
they've  enjoyed  reading. 

James  Applewhite, 
Professor  of  English: 

Possession,  by  A.S.  Byatt,  in 
which  Applewhite  says  he  found 
"a  dynamic  of  the  profound 
impingement  of  the  past  and  pre- 
sent." The  Second  Coming,  by 
Walker  Percy,  for  its  "examina- 
tion of  characters  in  mid-life" 
and  its  "fascinating  language  of 
love."  The  Fifties,  by  David  Hal- 
berstam,  for  its  "panoramic  nar- 
rative style,  which  reminds  me  of 
John  Dos  Passos'  USA  trilogy." 


mmm?? 


"I  don't  think  anybody  sees  [the 
Brady  bill]  as  making  a  major 
dent  in  the  violent  crime  prob- 
lem. It's  not  going  to  reduce  the 
murder  rate  by  20  percent.  But 
it's  not  very  costly  either,  and  it's 
not  going  to  be  a  major  imposi- 
tion on  gun-buyers.  It's  a  com- 
mon-sense type  of  regulation, 
and  it's  going  to  help  on  the 
margin." 
—Philip  J.  Cook,  Duke  professor  of 
lies. 


Professor  of  English: 

Patrimony,  by  Philip  Roth,  which 
Torgovnick  calls  Roth's  "best 
work  to  date."  Joyluck  Club,  by 
Amy  Tan,  "a  brilliant  first  novel, 
which  is  well  representative  of  a 
rising  generation  of  Chinese- 
American  novelists."  Black 
Water,  by  Joyce  Carol  Oates,  "a 
terrifying  fictionalized  reimaging 
of  the  death  of  Mary  Jo 
Kopechne"  marked  by  "the  tight, 
brilliant,  and  fascinating  use  of 
the  first-person  technique." 

Michael  D.  Moses, 
Assistant  Professor 
of  English: 

The  Storyteller,  by  Mario  Vargas 
Llosa,  which  Moses  says  "illus- 
trates the  problems  of  moderniza- 
tion in  the  Third  World."  Wait- 
ing for  the  Barbarians,  by  J.M. 
Coetzee,  "one  of  the  major  [liter- 


a 


"Duke  prides  itself  in  its  commit- 
ment to  undergraduate  teach- 
ing. . . .  We  want  faculty  to  see 
teaching  as  part  of  their  creativ- 
ity and  see  the  relationship 
between  research  and  their 
teaching." 

— President  Nan  Keohane,  at  a 

press  conference  during  her  first 

day  on  fhe  job  at  Duke 

"I  think  that  for  a  university  of 
the  stature  and  magnitude  of 
Duke  University,  it  is  absolutely 
deplorable  that  our  recreational 
facilities  are  as  bad  as  they  are." 

—Joe  Alleva,  associate  director 

of  athletics  and  a  member  of  the 

committee  that  plans  to  propose  a 


"It  was  never  the  intention  of  our 
committee  to  tarnish  the  reputa- 
tion of  the  Jewish  community, 
which  has  historically  cooper- 
ated in  the  Civil  Rights  struggle 
for  equality." 

by  Hie  Duke 


Force,  made  after  a  letter  written 

'  by  Hie  committee 


with  establishing  a  "Jewish 


"I  think  this  is  a  victory  for  all 
the  people  of  North  Carolina, 
both  black  and  white.  The  deci- 
sion stopped  any  further  steps 
toward  political  apartheid  and 
basically  reaffirmed  the  ideal 
of  a  color-blind  society  in  this 
country." 

Robinson  O.  Everett  Ll.B.  '59, 


"We  feel  it  is  evident  from  both 
the  majority  and  dissenting  opin- 
ion that  this  was  new  law  being 
made.  We  can  be  comforted  with 
the  fact  that  our  position  was 
right  on  the  old  law." 

Jefferson  Powell,  a  Duke  law 
professor  who  represented  the 


the  first  Supreme  Court  case  ever 

to  have  professors  from  a  single 

school  arguing  opposing  sides 


We  asked  twenty-five 
undergraduates: 


quality  of  Duke's  academic 
advising? 

Yes:  8 
No:  17 

Students  dissatisfied  with  advis- 
ing complained  about  a  lack  of 
attention  and  information  on 
their  advisers'  parts.  One  com- 
mented, "Somebody  else  always 
ended  up  sitting  in  for  my  real 
pre-major  adviser — in  fact,  I 
don't  think  I  can  remember  who 
my  adviser  was  supposed  to  be," 
while  another  said,  "A  lot  of 
times  the  advisers  don't  know 
too  much  about  any  fields  except 
their  own." 

In  defense  of  the  advising  sys- 
tem, some  students  said  that  they 
shouldn't  set  their  expectations 
too  high.  One  said,  "The  pre- 
major  advising  is  lousy  some- 
times, but  there's  a  chance  you'll 
get  a  better  adviser  after  you 
declare  your  major."  Another 
respondent  placed  the  burden  on 
the  students:  "I  don't  think  fac- 
ulty should  be  blamed  too  much. 
It's  really  up  to  the  students  to 
get  as  much  out  of  the  advising  as 
they  can.  We  can't  expect  advis- 
ers to  come  to  us.  They're  busy 
people,  too." 


npiled  by  Stephen  Martin  '95 


52 


DUKE   MAGAZINE 


^-"^v*3^ 


The  Best  Approach 
To  Country  Club  Living 

Just  beyond  the  horizon,  beautiful  Wrightsville  Beach. 
Historic  Wilmington  just  minutes  away.  Cliff  Drysdale  tennis. 
Twenty-four  hour  security.  And  year-round,  Jack  Nicklaus  and 
Pete  Dye  golf.  Landfall,  the  best  approach  of  all. 

Homesites  from  $65,000.  Homes  from  $225,000. 
Call  1-800-227-8208  for  a  brochure.  Landfall  Associates, 
1801  Eastwood  Road,  Wilmington,  North  Carolina  28405. 


Duke  University  Grandfather  Ck 


\m 


HI 


S 


We  take  great  pride  in  offering  the  Duke  University  Grand- 
father Clock.  This  beautifully  designed  commemorative  clock 
symbolizes  the  image  of  excellence,  tradition,  and  history 
we  have  established  at  Duke  University. 

Recognized  the  world  over  for  expert  craftsmanship,  the  master 
clockmakers  of  Ridgeway  have  created  this  extraordinary  clock. 

Special  attention  is  given  to  the  brass  lyre  pendulum  which  depicts 
the  Official  University  Shield  in  deeply  etched  bas  relief;  a  striking 
enhancement  to  an  already  magnificent  clock. 
Indeed,  the  clock  makes  a  classic  statement 
of  quality  about  the  owner. 

Each  cabinet  is  handmade  of  the  finest 
hardwoods  and  veneers  in  a  process  that 
requires  over  700  separate  steps  and  the 
towering  clock  measures  an  imposing 
83"H  x  22y4"W  x  121/2"D.  Finished  in  bril- 
liant Windsor  Cherry,  the  clock  is  also 
enriched  with  one  of  the  most  advanced 
West  German  timing  mechanisms.  Excep- 
tionally accurate,  such  movements  are  found 
only  in  the  world's  finest  clocks. 

Enchanting  Westminster  chimes  peal 
every  quarter  hour  and  gong  on  the  hour. 
If  you  prefer,  the  clock  will  operate  in  a 
silent  mode  with  equal  accuracy.  Beveled 
glass  in  the  locking  pendulum  door  and 
the  glass  dial  door  and  sides  add  to  the  clock's  timeless  and  handsome 
design. 

You  are  invited  to  take  advantage  of  a  convenient  monthly 
payment  plan  with  no  down  payment  or  finance  charges.  Reser- 
vations may  be  placed  by  using  the  order  form.  Credit  card  orders  may 
be  placed  by  dialing  toll-free  1-800-346-2884.  The  original  issue  price  is 
$899.00.  Include  $82.00  for  insured  shipping  and  freight  charges. 

Satisfaction  is  guaranteed  or  you  may  return  your  clock  within 
fifteen  days  for  exchange  or  refund.  Whether  selected  for  your  personal 
use  or  as  an  expressive,  distinctive  gift,  the  Duke  University  Grandfather 
ock  is  certain  to  become  an  heirloom,  cherished  for  generations. 


RESERVATION  FORM  •  DUKE  GRANDFATHER  CLOCK 


.Duke  Grandfather  Clock(s)  @  $899.00  each. 


Please  accept  my  order  for  

IQwntily) 

(Include  $82.00  per  clock  for  insured  shipping  and  freight  charges). 
I  wish  to  pay  for  my  clock(s)  as  follows: 

□  By  a  single  remittance  of  $ made  payable  to  "Sirrica,  LTD.", 

which  I  enclose. 

D  By  charging  the  full  amount  of  $ to  my  credit  card  indicated  below. 

□  By  charging  my  credit  card  monthly  @  $89.90  for  a  period  of  ten  (10)  months. 
Freight  charges  will  be  added  to  the  first  payment.  I  understand  there  is  no 
downpayment  and  no  finance  charges. 


j     KS4  n       ^^H^fe 


Full  Account  Number:  

*On  shipments  t> 

Signature Telephone  (  )_ 

Mail  orders  to:  Duke  Clock,  c/o  P.O.  Box  3345,  Wilson,  NC  ! 

Purchaser's  Name:  


{Necessary  for  Delivery  I 


Credit  card  purchasers  may  call  toll  free  l-800-3^-OQ°"  .  \ 

callers  should  request  Operator  7  OA    192  DR    *L         3^U 

TV-  All   nivfora  tolonhnnorl   nr   nne  £■*         .--,  l»     '** 


NOTE:  AH  orders  telephoned  or  r__ 

i1  Christmas  delivery.  Installmei 


05/94 


33357       +* 


Symbolizing  a  tradition  of  excellence. 
83"H  x  22%"W  x  12%"D.  Weight  107  lbs. 


inimkH 

D02604856V 


DUKE  UNIVERSITY 
LIBRARY 


DURHAM,  NORTH  CAROLINA 
27706